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Kato J, Fujii T, Kato S, Wada K, Watanabe M, Nakamichi Y, Aoi Y, Morita T, Murakami K, Nakashimada Y. Genetic engineering of a thermophilic acetogen, Moorella thermoacetica Y72, to enable acetoin production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1398467. [PMID: 38812916 PMCID: PMC11133584 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1398467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetogens are among the key microorganisms involved in the bioproduction of commodity chemicals from diverse carbon resources, such as biomass and waste gas. Thermophilic acetogens are particularly attractive because fermentation at higher temperatures offers multiple advantages. However, the main target product is acetic acid. Therefore, it is necessary to reshape metabolism using genetic engineering to produce the desired chemicals with varied carbon lengths. Although such metabolic engineering has been hampered by the difficulty involved in genetic modification, a model thermophilic acetogen, M. thermoacetica ATCC 39073, is the case with a few successful cases of C2 and C3 compound production, other than acetate. This brief report attempts to expand the product spectrum to include C4 compounds by using strain Y72 of Moorella thermoacetica. Strain Y72 is a strain related to the type strain ATCC 39073 and has been reported to have a less stringent restriction-modification system, which could alleviate the cumbersome transformation process. A simplified procedure successfully introduced a key enzyme for acetoin (a C4 chemical) production, and the resulting strains produced acetoin from sugars and gaseous substrates. The culture profile revealed varied acetoin yields depending on the type of substrate and culture conditions, implying the need for further engineering in the future. Thus, the use of a user-friendly chassis could benefit the genetic engineering of M. thermoacetica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Setsu Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamichi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Aoi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Katsuji Murakami
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakashimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Beck SW, Ye DY, Hwang HG, Jung GY. Stepwise Flux Optimization for Enhanced GABA Production from Acetate in Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10420-10427. [PMID: 38657224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Strategic allocation of metabolic flux is essential for achieving a higher production performance in genetically engineered organisms. Flux optimization between cell growth and chemical production has led to the establishment of cost-effective chemical production methods in microbial cell factories. This effect is amplified when utilizing a low-cost carbon source. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), crucial in pharmaceuticals and biodegradable polymers, can be efficiently produced from acetate, a cost-effective substrate. However, a balanced distribution of acetate-derived flux is essential for optimizing the production without hindering growth. In this study, we demonstrated GABA production from acetate using Escherichia coli by focusing on optimizing the metabolic flux at isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate nodes. Through a series of flux optimizations, the final strain produced 2.54 g/L GABA from 5.91 g/L acetate in 24 h (0.43 g/g yield). These findings suggest that delicate flux balancing with the application of a cheap substrate can contribute to cost-effective production of GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Beck
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeol Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Hwang
- Institute of Environmental and Energy Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam - Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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Nam SH, Ye DY, Hwang HG, Jung GY. Convergent Synthesis of Two Heterogeneous Fluxes from Glucose and Acetate for High-Yield Citramalate Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5797-5804. [PMID: 38465388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Biological production of citramalate has garnered attention due to its wide application for food additives and pharmaceuticals, although improvement of yield is known to be challenging. When glucose is used as the sole carbon source, carbon loss through decarboxylation steps for providing acetyl-CoA from pyruvate is inevitable. To avoid this, we engineered a strain to co-utilize glucose and cost-effective acetate while preventing carbon loss for enhancing citramalate production. The production pathway diverged to independently supply the precursors required for the synthesis of citramalate from glucose and acetate, respectively. Moreover, the phosphotransferase system was inactivated and the acetate assimilation pathway and the substrate ratio were optimized to enable the simultaneous and efficient utilization of both carbon sources. This yielded results (5.0 g/L, 0.87 mol/mol) surpassing the yield and titer of the control strain utilizing glucose as the sole carbon source in flask cultures, demonstrating an economically efficient strain redesign strategy for synthesizing various products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Nam
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeol Ye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Hwang
- Institute of Environmental and Energy Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
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Koh HG, Yook S, Oh H, Rao CV, Jin YS. Toward rapid and efficient utilization of nonconventional substrates by nonconventional yeast strains. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103059. [PMID: 38171048 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Economic and sustainable production of biofuels and chemicals necessitates utilizing abundant and inexpensive lignocellulosic biomass. Yet, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a workhorse strain for industrial biotechnology based on starch and sugarcane-derived sugars, is not suitable for lignocellulosic bioconversion due to a lack of pentose metabolic pathways and severe inhibition by toxic inhibitors in cellulosic hydrolysates. This review underscores the potential of nonconventional yeast strains, specifically Yarrowia lipolytica and Rhodotorula toruloides, for converting underutilized carbon sources, such as xylose and acetate, into high-value products. Multi-omics studies with nonconventional yeast have elucidated the structure and regulation of metabolic pathways for efficient and rapid utilization of xylose and acetate. The review delves into the advantages of using xylose and acetate for producing biofuels and chemicals. Collectively, value-added biotransformation of nonconventional substrates by nonconventional yeast strains is a promising strategy to improve both economics and sustainability of bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gi Koh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sangdo Yook
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hyunjoon Oh
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Kurt E, Qin J, Williams A, Zhao Y, Xie D. Perspectives for Using CO 2 as a Feedstock for Biomanufacturing of Fuels and Chemicals. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1357. [PMID: 38135948 PMCID: PMC10740661 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial cell factories offer an eco-friendly alternative for transforming raw materials into commercially valuable products because of their reduced carbon impact compared to conventional industrial procedures. These systems often depend on lignocellulosic feedstocks, mainly pentose and hexose sugars. One major hurdle when utilizing these sugars, especially glucose, is balancing carbon allocation to satisfy energy, cofactor, and other essential component needs for cellular proliferation while maintaining a robust yield. Nearly half or more of this carbon is inevitably lost as CO2 during the biosynthesis of regular metabolic necessities. This loss lowers the production yield and compromises the benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions-a fundamental advantage of biomanufacturing. This review paper posits the perspectives of using CO2 from the atmosphere, industrial wastes, or the exhausted gases generated in microbial fermentation as a feedstock for biomanufacturing. Achieving the carbon-neutral or -negative goals is addressed under two main strategies. The one-step strategy uses novel metabolic pathway design and engineering approaches to directly fix the CO2 toward the synthesis of the desired products. Due to the limitation of the yield and efficiency in one-step fixation, the two-step strategy aims to integrate firstly the electrochemical conversion of the exhausted CO2 into C1/C2 products such as formate, methanol, acetate, and ethanol, and a second fermentation process to utilize the CO2-derived C1/C2 chemicals or co-utilize C5/C6 sugars and C1/C2 chemicals for product formation. The potential and challenges of using CO2 as a feedstock for future biomanufacturing of fuels and chemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kurt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (E.K.); (J.Q.); (A.W.)
| | - Jiansong Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (E.K.); (J.Q.); (A.W.)
| | - Alexandria Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (E.K.); (J.Q.); (A.W.)
| | - Youbo Zhao
- Physical Sciences Inc., 20 New England Business Ctr., Andover, MA 01810, USA;
| | - Dongming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; (E.K.); (J.Q.); (A.W.)
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Qin J, Kurt E, LBassi T, Sa L, Xie D. Biotechnological production of omega-3 fatty acids: current status and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1280296. [PMID: 38029217 PMCID: PMC10662050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acids (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have shown major health benefits, but the human body's inability to synthesize them has led to the necessity of dietary intake of the products. The omega-3 fatty acid market has grown significantly, with a global market from an estimated USD 2.10 billion in 2020 to a predicted nearly USD 3.61 billion in 2028. However, obtaining a sufficient supply of high-quality and stable omega-3 fatty acids can be challenging. Currently, fish oil serves as the primary source of omega-3 fatty acids in the market, but it has several drawbacks, including high cost, inconsistent product quality, and major uncertainties in its sustainability and ecological impact. Other significant sources of omega-3 fatty acids include plants and microalgae fermentation, but they face similar challenges in reducing manufacturing costs and improving product quality and sustainability. With the advances in synthetic biology, biotechnological production of omega-3 fatty acids via engineered microbial cell factories still offers the best solution to provide a more stable, sustainable, and affordable source of omega-3 fatty acids by overcoming the major issues associated with conventional sources. This review summarizes the current status, key challenges, and future perspectives for the biotechnological production of major omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dongming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
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Gu P, Zhao S, Niu H, Li C, Jiang S, Zhou H, Li Q. Synthesis of isobutanol using acetate as sole carbon source in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:196. [PMID: 37759284 PMCID: PMC10537434 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With concerns about depletion of fossil fuel and environmental pollution, synthesis of biofuels such as isobutanol from low-cost substrate by microbial cell factories has attracted more and more attention. As one of the most promising carbon sources instead of food resources, acetate can be utilized by versatile microbes and converted into numerous valuable chemicals. RESULTS An isobutanol synthetic pathway using acetate as sole carbon source was constructed in E. coli. Pyruvate was designed to be generated via acetyl-CoA by pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase YdbK or anaplerotic pathway. Overexpression of transhydrogenase and NAD kinase increased the isobutanol titer of recombinant E. coli from 121.21 mg/L to 131.5 mg/L under batch cultivation. Further optimization of acetate supplement concentration achieved 157.05 mg/L isobutanol accumulation in WY002, representing the highest isobutanol titer by using acetate as sole carbon source. CONCLUSIONS The utilization of acetate as carbon source for microbial production of valuable chemicals such as isobutanol could reduce the consumption of food-based substrates and save production cost. Engineering strategies applied in this study will provide a useful reference for microbial production of pyruvate derived chemical compounds from acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuo Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Niu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Li
- RZBC GROUP CO., LTD, Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, China
| | | | - Hao Zhou
- RZBC GROUP CO., LTD, Rizhao, 276800, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
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Jia D, Deng W, Hu P, Jiang W, Gu Y. Thermophilic Moorella thermoacetica as a platform microorganism for C1 gas utilization: physiology, engineering, and applications. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:61. [PMID: 38647965 PMCID: PMC10992200 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the rapid development of low-carbon economy, there has been increasing interest in utilizing naturally abundant and cost-effective one-carbon (C1) substrates for sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. Moorella thermoacetica, a model acetogenic bacterium, has attracted significant attention due to its ability to utilize carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) via the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway, thereby showing great potential for the utilization of C1 gases. However, natural strains of M. thermoacetica are not yet fully suitable for industrial applications due to their limitations in carbon assimilation and conversion efficiency as well as limited product range. Over the past decade, progresses have been made in the development of genetic tools for M. thermoacetica, accelerating the understanding and modification of this acetogen. Here, we summarize the physiological and metabolic characteristics of M. thermoacetica and review the recent advances in engineering this bacterium. Finally, we propose the future directions for exploring the real potential of M. thermoacetica in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechen Jia
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wangshuying Deng
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Shanghai GTLB Biotech Co., Ltd, 1688 North Guoquan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Gu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Ruth JC, Stephanopoulos G. Synthetic fuels: what are they and where do they come from? Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102919. [PMID: 36996730 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic fuels are increasingly discussed when considering solutions to climate change mitigation. However, it is rather unclear what synthetic fuels are and their scope in replacing regular fossil fuels. Here, we propose a definition for synthetic fuels and discuss their classification based on production methods. These technologies are considered based on their scalability and extent of sustainability, along with the advantages they provide for overcoming renewable energy challenges.
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Takemura K, Kato J, Kato S, Fujii T, Wada K, Iwasaki Y, Aoi Y, Matsushika A, Morita T, Murakami K, Nakashimada Y. Enhancing acetone production from H 2 and CO 2 using supplemental electron acceptors in an engineered Moorella thermoacetica. J Biosci Bioeng 2023:S1389-1723(23)00112-3. [PMID: 37100649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Acetogens grow autotrophically and use hydrogen (H2) as the energy source to fix carbon dioxide (CO2). This feature can be applied to gas fermentation, contributing to a circular economy. A challenge is the gain of cellular energy from H2 oxidation, which is substantially low, especially when acetate formation coupled with ATP production is diverted to other chemicals in engineered strains. Indeed, an engineered strain of the thermophilic acetogen Moorella thermoacetica that produces acetone lost autotrophic growth on H2 and CO2. We aimed to recover autotrophic growth and enhance acetone production, in which ATP production was assumed to be a limiting factor, by supplementing with electron acceptors. Among the four selected electron acceptors, thiosulfate and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) enhanced both bacterial growth and acetone titers. DMSO was the most effective and was further analyzed. We showed that DMSO supplementation enhanced intracellular ATP levels, leading to increased acetone production. Although DMSO is an organic compound, it functions as an electron acceptor, not a carbon source. Thus, supplying electron acceptors is a potential strategy to complement the low ATP production caused by metabolic engineering and to improve chemical production from H2 and CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisei Takemura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Junya Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Setsu Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwasaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Aoi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Akinori Matsushika
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Tomotake Morita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Katsuji Murakami
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakashimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
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Naseri G. A roadmap to establish a comprehensive platform for sustainable manufacturing of natural products in yeast. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1916. [PMID: 37024483 PMCID: PMC10079933 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary natural products (NPs) are a rich source for drug discovery. However, the low abundance of NPs makes their extraction from nature inefficient, while chemical synthesis is challenging and unsustainable. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris are excellent manufacturing systems for the production of NPs. This Perspective discusses a comprehensive platform for sustainable production of NPs in the two yeasts through system-associated optimization at four levels: genetics, temporal controllers, productivity screening, and scalability. Additionally, it is pointed out critical metabolic building blocks in NP bioengineering can be identified through connecting multilevel data of the optimized system using deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Naseri
- Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstrasse 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Recent progress in the synthesis of advanced biofuel and bioproducts. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 80:102913. [PMID: 36854202 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Energy is one of the most complex fields of study and an issue that influences nearly every aspect of modern life. Over the past century, combustion of fossil fuels, particularly in the transportation sector, has been the dominant form of energy release. Refining of petroleum and natural gas into liquid transportation fuels is also the centerpiece of the modern chemical industry used to produce materials, solvents, and other consumer goods. In the face of global climate change, the world is searching for alternative, sustainable means of producing energy carriers and chemical building blocks. The use of biofuels in engines predates modern refinery optimization and today represents a small but significant fraction of liquid transportation fuels burnt each year. Similarly, white biotechnology has been used to produce many natural products through fermentation. The evolution of recombinant DNA technology into modern synthetic biology has expanded the scope of biofuels and bioproducts that can be made by biocatalysts. This opinion examines the current trends in this research space, highlighting the substantial growth in computational tools and the growing influence of renewable electricity in the design of metabolic engineering strategies. In short, advanced biofuel and bioproduct synthesis remains a vibrant and critically important field of study whose focus is shifting away from the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass toward a broader consideration of how to reduce carbon dioxide to fuels and chemical products.
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Acetate-rich Cellulosic Hydrolysates and Their Bioconversion Using Yeasts. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Kwon SJ, Lee J, Lee HS. Metabolic changes of the acetogen Clostridium sp. AWRP through adaptation to acetate challenge. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:982442. [PMID: 36569090 PMCID: PMC9768041 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.982442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the phenotypic changes that occurred in the acetogenic bacterium Clostridium sp. AWRP as a result of an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) under the acetate challenge. Acetate-adapted strain 46 T-a displayed acetate tolerance to acetate up to 10 g L-1 and increased ethanol production in small-scale cultures. The adapted strain showed a higher cell density than AWRP even without exogenous acetate supplementation. 46 T-a was shown to have reduced gas consumption rate and metabolite production. It was intriguing to note that 46 T-a, unlike AWRP, continued to consume H2 at low CO2 levels. Genome sequencing revealed that the adapted strain harbored three point mutations in the genes encoding an electron-bifurcating hydrogenase (Hyt) crucial for autotrophic growth in CO2 + H2, in addition to one in the dnaK gene. Transcriptome analysis revealed that most genes involved in the CO2-fixation Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and auxiliary pathways for energy conservation (e.g., Rnf complex, Nfn, etc.) were significantly down-regulated in 46 T-a. Several metabolic pathways involved in dissimilation of nucleosides and carbohydrates were significantly up-regulated in 46 T-a, indicating that 46 T-a evolved to utilize organic substrates rather than CO2 + H2. Further investigation into degeneration in carbon fixation of the acetate-adapted strain will provide practical implications for CO2 + H2 fermentation using acetogenic bacteria for long-term continuous fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jae Kwon
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea,Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joungmin Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea,*Correspondence: Joungmin Lee,
| | - Hyun Sook Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea,Department of Marine Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea,Hyun Sook Lee,
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15
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Ricci L, Seifert A, Bernacchi S, Fino D, Pirri CF, Re A. Leveraging substrate flexibility and product selectivity of acetogens in two-stage systems for chemical production. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:218-237. [PMID: 36464980 PMCID: PMC9871533 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) stands out as sustainable feedstock for developing a circular carbon economy whose energy supply could be obtained by boosting the production of clean hydrogen from renewable electricity. H2 -dependent CO2 gas fermentation using acetogenic microorganisms offers a viable solution of increasingly demonstrated value. While gas fermentation advances to achieve commercial process scalability, which is currently limited to a few products such as acetate and ethanol, it is worth taking the best of the current state-of-the-art technology by its integration within innovative bioconversion schemes. This review presents multiple scenarios where gas fermentation by acetogens integrate into double-stage biotechnological production processes that use CO2 as sole carbon feedstock and H2 as energy carrier for products' synthesis. In the integration schemes here reviewed, the first stage can be biotic or abiotic while the second stage is biotic. When the first stage is biotic, acetogens act as a biological platform to generate chemical intermediates such as acetate, formate and ethanol that become substrates for a second fermentation stage. This approach holds the potential to enhance process titre/rate/yield metrics and products' spectrum. Alternatively, when the first stage is abiotic, the integrated two-stage scheme foresees, in the first stage, the catalytic transformation of CO2 into C1 products that, in the second stage, can be metabolized by acetogens. This latter scheme leverages the metabolic flexibility of acetogens in efficient utilization of the products of CO2 abiotic hydrogenation, namely formate and methanol, to synthesize multicarbon compounds but also to act as flexible catalysts for hydrogen storage or production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ricci
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoTurinItaly,Centre for Sustainable Future TechnologiesFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaTurinItaly
| | | | | | - Debora Fino
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoTurinItaly,Centre for Sustainable Future TechnologiesFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaTurinItaly
| | - Candido Fabrizio Pirri
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoTurinItaly,Centre for Sustainable Future TechnologiesFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaTurinItaly
| | - Angela Re
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoTurinItaly,Centre for Sustainable Future TechnologiesFondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaTurinItaly
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16
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Kövilein A, Aschmann V, Zadravec L, Ochsenreither K. Optimization of l-malic acid production from acetate with Aspergillus oryzae DSM 1863 using a pH-coupled feeding strategy. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:242. [DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Malic acid, a dicarboxylic acid mainly used in the food industry, is currently produced from fossil resources. The utilization of low-cost substrates derived from biomass could render microbial processes economic. Such feedstocks, like lignocellulosic hydrolysates or condensates of fast pyrolysis, can contain high concentrations of acetic acid. Acetate is a suitable substrate for l-malic acid production with the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae DSM 1863, but concentrations obtained so far are low. An advantage of this carbon source is that it can be used for pH control and simultaneous substrate supply in the form of acetic acid. In this study, we therefore aimed to enhance l-malate production from acetate with A. oryzae by applying a pH-coupled feeding strategy.
Results
In 2.5-L bioreactor fermentations, several feeding strategies were evaluated. Using a pH-coupled feed consisting of 10 M acetic acid, the malic acid concentration was increased about 5.3-fold compared to the batch process without pH control, resulting in a maximum titer of 29.53 ± 1.82 g/L after 264 h. However, it was not possible to keep both the pH and the substrate concentration constant during this fermentation. By using 10 M acetic acid set to a pH of 4.5, or with the repeated addition of NaOH, the substrate concentration could be maintained within a constant range, but these strategies did not prove beneficial as lower maximum titers and yields were obtained. Since cessation of malic acid production was observed in later fermentation stages despite carbon availability, a possible product inhibition was evaluated in shake flask cultivations. In these experiments, malate and succinate, which is a major by-product during malic acid production, were added at concentrations of up to 50 g/L, and it was found that A. oryzae is capable of organic acid production even at high product concentrations.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that a suitable feeding strategy is necessary for efficient malic acid production from acetate. It illustrates the potential of acetate as carbon source for microbial production of the organic acid and provides useful insights which can serve as basis for further optimization.
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17
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Lu J, Wang Y, Xu M, Fei Q, Gu Y, Luo Y, Wu H. Efficient biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from ethanol in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127907. [PMID: 36087655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Engineering microbial cell factories to convert CO2-based feedstock into chemicals and fuels provide a feasible carbon-neutral route for the third-generation biorefineries. Ethanol became one of the major products of syngas fermentation by engineered acetogens. The key building block chemical 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) can be synthesized from ethanol by the malonyl-CoA pathway with CO2 fixation. In this study, the effect of two ethanol consumption pathways on 3-HP synthesis were studied as well as the effect of TCA cycle, gluconeogenesis pathway, and transhydrogenase. And the 3-HP synthesis pathway was also optimized. The engineered strain synthesized 1.66 g/L of 3-HP with a yield of 0.24 g/g. Furthermore, the titer and the yield of 3-HP increased to 13.17 g/L and 0.57 g/g in the whole-cell biocatalysis system. This study indicated that ethanol as feedstock had the potential to synthesize 3-HP, which provided an alternative route for future biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mingcheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiang Fei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, The State Key Laboratory of Plant Carbon-Nitrogen Assimilation, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanchan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Engineering of China National Light Industry Council, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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18
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Vlaeminck E, Uitterhaegen E, Quataert K, Delmulle T, De Winter K, Soetaert WK. Industrial side streams as sustainable substrates for microbial production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:238. [PMID: 36260135 PMCID: PMC9581835 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a microbially produced biopolymer that is emerging as a propitious alternative to petroleum-based plastics owing to its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. However, to date, the relatively high costs related to the PHB production process are hampering its widespread commercialization. Since feedstock costs add up to half of the total production costs, ample research has been focusing on the use of inexpensive industrial side streams as carbon sources. While various industrial side streams such as second-generation carbohydrates, lignocellulose, lipids, and glycerol have been extensively investigated in liquid fermentation processes, also gaseous sources, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane, are gaining attention as substrates for gas fermentation. In addition, recent studies have investigated two-stage processes to convert waste gases into PHB via organic acids or alcohols. In this review, a variety of different industrial side streams are discussed as more sustainable and economical carbon sources for microbial PHB production. In particular, a comprehensive overview of recent developments and remaining challenges in fermentation strategies using these feedstocks is provided, considering technical, environmental, and economic aspects to shed light on their industrial feasibility. As such, this review aims to contribute to the global shift towards a zero-waste bio-economy and more sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Vlaeminck
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Rodenhuizekaai 1, Ghent, Belgium.,Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Quataert
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Rodenhuizekaai 1, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Delmulle
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel De Winter
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Rodenhuizekaai 1, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Wim K Soetaert
- Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Perret L, Lacerda de Oliveira Campos B, Herrera Delgado K, Zevaco TA, Neumann A, Sauer J. CO
x
Fixation to Elementary Building Blocks: Anaerobic Syngas Fermentation vs. Chemical Catalysis. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Perret
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | | | - Karla Herrera Delgado
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Thomas A. Zevaco
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Anke Neumann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences 2 – Technical Biology 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jörg Sauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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20
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Zhang P, Chen K, Xu B, Li J, Hu C, Yuan JS, Dai SY. Chem-Bio interface design for rapid conversion of CO2 to bioplastics in an integrated system. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Narisetty V, Prabhu AA, Bommareddy RR, Cox R, Agrawal D, Misra A, Haider MA, Bhatnagar A, Pandey A, Kumar V. Development of Hypertolerant Strain of Yarrowia lipolytica Accumulating Succinic Acid Using High Levels of Acetate. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:10858-10869. [PMID: 36035440 PMCID: PMC9400109 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Acetate is emerging as a promising feedstock for biorefineries as it can serve as an alternate carbon source for microbial cell factories. In this study, we expressed acetyl-CoA synthase in Yarrowia lipolytica PSA02004PP, and the recombinant strain grew on acetate as the sole carbon source and accumulated succinic acid or succinate (SA). Unlike traditional feedstocks, acetate is a toxic substrate for microorganisms; therefore, the recombinant strain was further subjected to adaptive laboratory evolution to alleviate toxicity and improve tolerance against acetate. At high acetate concentrations, the adapted strain Y. lipolytica ACS 5.0 grew rapidly and accumulated lipids and SA. Bioreactor cultivation of ACS 5.0 with 22.5 g/L acetate in a batch mode resulted in a maximum cell OD600 of 9.2, with lipid and SA accumulation being 0.84 and 5.1 g/L, respectively. However, its fed-batch cultivation yielded a cell OD600 of 23.5, SA titer of 6.5 g/L, and lipid production of 1.5 g/L with an acetate uptake rate of 0.2 g/L h, about 2.86 times higher than the parent strain. Cofermentation of acetate and glucose significantly enhanced the SA titer and lipid accumulation to 12.2 and 1.8 g/L, respectively, with marginal increment in cell growth (OD600: 26.7). Furthermore, metabolic flux analysis has drawn insights into utilizing acetate for the production of metabolites that are downstream to acetyl-CoA. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on SA production from acetate by Y. lipolytica and demonstrates a path for direct valorization of sugar-rich biomass hydrolysates with elevated acetate levels to SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Narisetty
- School
of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield
University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashish A. Prabhu
- School
of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield
University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh Reddy Bommareddy
- Department
of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1
8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Rylan Cox
- School
of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Wharley
End MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry
and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Ashish Misra
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering& Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - M. Ali Haider
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department
of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli FI-50130, Finland
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre
for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
- Centre
for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow 226 029, India
- Sustainability
Cluster, School of Engineering, University
of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248 007, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School
of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield
University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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22
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Cestellos-Blanco S, Chan RR, Shen YX, Kim JM, Tacken TA, Ledbetter R, Yu S, Seefeldt LC, Yang P. Photosynthetic biohybrid coculture for tandem and tunable CO 2 and N 2 fixation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122364119. [PMID: 35727971 PMCID: PMC9245687 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122364119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Solar-driven bioelectrosynthesis represents a promising approach for converting abundant resources into value-added chemicals with renewable energy. Microorganisms powered by electrochemical reducing equivalents assimilate CO2, H2O, and N2 building blocks. However, products from autotrophic whole-cell biocatalysts are limited. Furthermore, biocatalysts tasked with N2 reduction are constrained by simultaneous energy-intensive autotrophy. To overcome these challenges, we designed a biohybrid coculture for tandem and tunable CO2 and N2 fixation to value-added products, allowing the different species to distribute bioconversion steps and reduce the individual metabolic burden. This consortium involves acetogen Sporomusa ovata, which reduces CO2 to acetate, and diazotrophic Rhodopseudomonas palustris, which uses the acetate both to fuel N2 fixation and for the generation of a biopolyester. We demonstrate that the coculture platform provides a robust ecosystem for continuous CO2 and N2 fixation, and its outputs are directed by substrate gas composition. Moreover, we show the ability to support the coculture on a high-surface area silicon nanowire cathodic platform. The biohybrid coculture achieved peak faradaic efficiencies of 100, 19.1, and 6.3% for acetate, nitrogen in biomass, and ammonia, respectively, while maintaining product tunability. Finally, we established full solar to chemical conversion driven by a photovoltaic device, resulting in solar to chemical efficiencies of 1.78, 0.51, and 0.08% for acetate, nitrogenous biomass, and ammonia, correspondingly. Ultimately, our work demonstrates the ability to employ and electrochemically manipulate bacterial communities on demand to expand the suite of CO2 and N2 bioelectrosynthesis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cestellos-Blanco
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Rachel R. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Yue-xiao Shen
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Tom A. Tacken
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Rhesa Ledbetter
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Sunmoon Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lance C. Seefeldt
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Center for the Utilization of Biological Engineering in Space, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720
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23
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Stark C, Münßinger S, Rosenau F, Eikmanns BJ, Schwentner A. The Potential of Sequential Fermentations in Converting C1 Substrates to Higher-Value Products. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907577. [PMID: 35722332 PMCID: PMC9204031 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today production of (bulk) chemicals and fuels almost exclusively relies on petroleum-based sources, which are connected to greenhouse gas release, fueling climate change. This increases the urgence to develop alternative bio-based technologies and processes. Gaseous and liquid C1 compounds are available at low cost and often occur as waste streams. Acetogenic bacteria can directly use C1 compounds like CO, CO2, formate or methanol anaerobically, converting them into acetate and ethanol for higher-value biotechnological products. However, these microorganisms possess strict energetic limitations, which in turn pose limitations to their potential for biotechnological applications. Moreover, efficient genetic tools for strain improvement are often missing. However, focusing on the metabolic abilities acetogens provide, they can prodigiously ease these technological disadvantages. Producing acetate and ethanol from C1 compounds can fuel via bio-based intermediates conversion into more energy-demanding, higher-value products, by deploying aerobic organisms that are able to grow with acetate/ethanol as carbon and energy source. Promising new approaches have become available combining these two fermentation steps in sequential approaches, either as separate fermentations or as integrated two-stage fermentation processes. This review aims at introducing, comparing, and evaluating the published approaches of sequential C1 fermentations, delivering a list of promising organisms for the individual fermentation steps and giving an overview of the existing broad spectrum of products based on acetate and ethanol. Understanding of these pioneering approaches allows collecting ideas for new products and may open avenues toward making full use of the technological potential of these concepts for establishment of a sustainable biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stark
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sini Münßinger
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Rosenau
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard J. Eikmanns
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Bernhard J. Eikmanns,
| | - Andreas Schwentner
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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24
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Bajracharya S, Krige A, Matsakas L, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Advances in cathode designs and reactor configurations of microbial electrosynthesis systems to facilitate gas electro-fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127178. [PMID: 35436538 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In gas fermentation, a range of chemolithoautotrophs fix single-carbon (C1) gases (CO2 and CO) when H2 or other reductants are available. Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) enables CO2 reduction by generating H2 or reducing equivalents with the sole input of renewable electricity. A combined approach as gas electro-fermentation is attractive for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals utilizing C1 gases. Various platform compounds such as acetate, butyrate, caproate, ethanol, butanol and bioplastics can be produced. However, technological challenges pertaining to the microbe-material interactions such as poor gas-liquid mass transfer, low biomass and biofilm coverage on cathode, low productivities still exist. We are presenting a review on latest developments in MES focusing on the configuration and design of cathodes that can address the challenges and support the gas electro-fermentation. Overall, the opportunities for advancing CO and CO2-based biochemicals and biofuels production in MES with suitable cathode/reactor design are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Bajracharya
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Adolf Krige
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden
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25
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Sheldon RA, Brady D. Green Chemistry, Biocatalysis, and the Chemical Industry of the Future. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102628. [PMID: 35026060 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the movement to decarbonize our economy and move away from fossil fuels we will need to harness the waste products of our activities, such as waste lignocellulose, methane, and carbon dioxide. Our wastes need to be integrated into a circular economy where used products are recycled into a manufacturing carbon cycle. Key to this will be the recycling of plastics at the resin and monomer levels. Biotechnology is well suited to a future chemical industry that must adapt to widely distributed and diverse biological chemical feedstocks. Our increasing mastery of biotechnology is allowing us to develop enzymes and organisms that can synthesize a widening selection of desirable bulk chemicals, including plastics, at commercially viable productivities. Integration of bioreactors with electrochemical systems will permit new production opportunities with enhanced productivities and the advantage of using a low-carbon electricity from renewable and sustainable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
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Marcel M, Darina E, Patrick K, Aline H, Gabriele P, Stefan J, Jochen B. Impact of different trace elements on metabolic routes during heterotrophic growth of C. ljungdahlii investigated through online measurement of the carbon dioxide transfer rate. Biotechnol Prog 2022; 38:e3263. [PMID: 35434968 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis gas fermentation using acetogenic clostridia is a rapidly increasing research area. It offers the possibility to produce platform chemicals from sustainable C1 carbon sources. The Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP), which allows acetogens to grow autotrophically, is also active during heterotrophic growth. It acts as an electron sink and allows for the utilization of a wide variety of soluble substrates and increases ATP yields during heterotrophic growth. While glycolysis leads to CO2 evolution, WLP activity results in CO2 fixation. Thus, a reduction of net CO2 emissions during growth with sugars is an indicator of WLP activity. To study the effect of trace elements and ventilation rates on the interaction between glycolysis and the WLP, the model acetogen Clostridium ljungdahlii was cultivated in YTF medium, a complex medium generally employed for heterotrophic growth, with fructose as growth substrate. The recently reported anaRAMOS device was used for online measurement of metabolic activity, in form of CO2 evolution. The addition of multiple trace elements (iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, nickel, copper, selenium, and tungsten) was tested, to study the interaction between glycolysis and the Wood ljungdahl pathway. While the addition of iron(II) increased growth rates and ethanol production, added nickel(II) increased WLP activity and acetate formation, reducing net CO2 production by 28%. Also, higher CO2 availability through reduced volumetric gas flow resulted in 25% reduction of CO2 evolution. These online metabolic data demonstrate that the anaRAMOS is a valuable tool in the investigation of metabolic responses i.e. to determine nutrient requirements that results in reduced CO2 production. Thereby the media composition can be optimized depending on the specific goal. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mann Marcel
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Effert Darina
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kottenhahn Patrick
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany.,Department for Industrial Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstr. 6, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hüser Aline
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipps Gabriele
- Department for Industrial Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstr. 6, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennewein Stefan
- Department for Industrial Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstr. 6, Aachen, Germany
| | - Büchs Jochen
- RWTH Aachen University, AVT - Biochemical Engineering, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Conversion of Carbon Monoxide to Chemicals Using Microbial Consortia. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 180:373-407. [PMID: 34811579 DOI: 10.1007/10_2021_180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Syngas, a gaseous mixture of CO, H2 and CO2, can be produced by gasification of carbon-containing materials, including organic waste materials or lignocellulosic biomass. The conversion of bio-based syngas to chemicals is foreseen as an important process in circular bioeconomy. Carbon monoxide is also produced as a waste gas in many industrial sectors (e.g., chemical, energy, steel). Often, the purity level of bio-based syngas and waste gases is low and/or the ratios of syngas components are not adequate for chemical conversion (e.g., by Fischer-Tropsch). Microbes are robust catalysts to transform impure syngas into a broad spectrum of products. Fermentation of CO-rich waste gases to ethanol has reached commercial scale (by axenic cultures of Clostridium species), but production of other chemical building blocks is underexplored. Currently, genetic engineering of carboxydotrophic acetogens is applied to increase the portfolio of products from syngas/CO, but the limited energy metabolism of these microbes limits product yields and applications (for example, only products requiring low levels of ATP for synthesis can be produced). An alternative approach is to explore microbial consortia, including open mixed cultures and synthetic co-cultures, to create a metabolic network based on CO conversion that can yield products such as medium-chain carboxylic acids, higher alcohols and other added-value chemicals.
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Dhakal N, Acharya B. Syngas Fermentation for the Production of Bio-Based Polymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223917. [PMID: 34833218 PMCID: PMC8618084 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing environmental awareness among the general public and legislators has driven this modern era to seek alternatives to fossil-derived products such as fuel and plastics. Addressing environmental issues through bio-based products driven from microbial fermentation of synthetic gas (syngas) could be a future endeavor, as this could result in both fuel and plastic in the form of bioethanol and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Abundant availability in the form of cellulosic, lignocellulosic, and other organic and inorganic wastes presents syngas catalysis as an interesting topic for commercialization. Fascination with syngas fermentation is trending, as it addresses the limitations of conventional technologies like direct biochemical conversion and Fischer–Tropsch’s method for the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. A plethora of microbial strains is available for syngas fermentation and PHA production, which could be exploited either in an axenic form or in a mixed culture. These microbes constitute diverse biochemical pathways supported by the activity of hydrogenase and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), thus resulting in product diversity. There are always possibilities of enzymatic regulation and/or gene tailoring to enhance the process’s effectiveness. PHA productivity drags the techno-economical perspective of syngas fermentation, and this is further influenced by syngas impurities, gas–liquid mass transfer (GLMT), substrate or product inhibition, downstream processing, etc. Product variation and valorization could improve the economical perspective and positively impact commercial sustainability. Moreover, choices of single-stage or multi-stage fermentation processes upon product specification followed by microbial selection could be perceptively optimized.
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You SK, Park HM, Lee ME, Ko YJ, Hwang DH, Oh JW, Han SO. Non-Photosynthetic CO 2 Utilization to Increase Fatty Acid Production in Yarrowia lipolytica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11912-11918. [PMID: 34586795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic engineering of non-photosynthetic microorganisms to increase the utilization of CO2 has been focused on as a green strategy to convert CO2 into valuable products such as fatty acids. In this study, a CO2 utilization pathway involving carbonic anhydrase and biotin carboxylase was formed to recycle CO2 in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, thereby increasing the production of fatty acids. In the recombinant strain in which the CO2 utilization pathway was introduced, the production of fatty acids was 10.7 g/L, which was 1.5-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain. The resulting strain had a 1.4-fold increase in dry cell mass compared to the wild-type strain. In addition, linoleic acid was 47.7% in the fatty acid composition of the final strain, which was increased by 11.6% compared to the wild-type strain. These results can be applied as an essential technology for developing efficient and eco-friendly processes by directly utilizing CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kyou You
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Min Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Ko
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeuk Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Oh
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Takemura K, Kato J, Kato S, Fujii T, Wada K, Iwasaki Y, Aoi Y, Matsushika A, Murakami K, Nakashimada Y. Autotrophic growth and ethanol production enabled by diverting acetate flux in the metabolically engineered Moorella thermoacetica. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 132:569-574. [PMID: 34518108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gas fermentation is a promising biological process for the conversion of CO2 or syngas into valuable chemicals. Homoacetogens are microorganisms growing autotrophically using CO2 and H2 or CO and metabolizing them to form acetate coupled with energy conservation. The challenge in the metabolic engineering of the homoacetogens is divergence of the acetate formation, whose intermediate is acetyl-CoA, to a targeted chemical with sufficient production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In this study, we report that an engineered strain of the thermophilic homoacetogen Moorella thermoacetica, in which a pool of acetyl-CoA is diverted to ethanol without ATP production, can maintain autotrophic growth on syngas. We estimated the ATP production in the engineered strains under different gaseous compositions by considering redox-balanced metabolism for ethanol and acetate formation. The culture test showed that the combination of retaining a level of acetate production and supplying the energy-rich CO allowed maintenance of the autotrophic growth during ethanol production. In contrast, autotrophy was collapsed by complete elimination of the acetate pathway or supplementation of H2-CO2. We showed that the intracellular level of ATP was significantly lowered on H2-CO2 in consistent with the incompetence. In the meantime, the complete disruption of the acetate pathway resulted in the redox imbalance to produce ethanol from CO, albeit a small loss in the ATP production. Thus, preservation of a fraction of acetate formation is required to maintain sufficient ATP and balanced redox in CO-containing gases for ethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisei Takemura
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Junya Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Setsu Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujii
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Keisuke Wada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwasaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Aoi
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Akinori Matsushika
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Katsuji Murakami
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakashimada
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.
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31
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Lai N, Luo Y, Fei P, Hu P, Wu H. One stone two birds: Biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from CO 2 and syngas-derived acetic acid in Escherichia coli. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2021; 6:144-152. [PMID: 34278012 PMCID: PMC8255177 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Syngas, which contains large amount of CO2 as well as H2 and CO, can be convert to acetic acid chemically or biologically. Nowadays, acetic acid become a cost-effective nonfood-based carbon source for value-added biochemical production. In this study, acetic acid and CO2 were used as substrates for the biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli carrying heterogeneous acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc) from Corynebacterium glutamicum and codon-optimized malonyl-CoA reductase (MCR) from Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Strategies of metabolic engineering included promoting glyoxylate shunt pathway, inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, dynamic regulating of TCA cycle, and enhancing the assimilation of acetic acid. The engineered strain LNY07(M*DA) accumulated 15.8 g/L of 3-HP with the yield of 0.71 g/g in 48 h by whole-cell biocatalysis. Then, syngas-derived acetic acid was used as substrate instead of pure acetic acid. The concentration of 3-HP reached 11.2 g/L with the yield of 0.55 g/g in LNY07(M*DA). The results could potentially contribute to the future development of an industrial bioprocess of 3-HP production from syngas-derived acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyu Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanchan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Peng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Shanghai GTL Biotech Co., Ltd., 1688 North Guoquan Road, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Engineering of China National Light Industry Council, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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32
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Fei P, Luo Y, Lai N, Wu H. Biosynthesis of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid from syngas-derived acetate in engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125323. [PMID: 34051572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetate is a potential non-food carbon source for industrial production, coping with the shortage of food-based feedstocks. (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (R-3HB) can be used as an important chiral intermediate in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the R-3HB biosynthesis pathway was successfully constructed when genes of β-ketothiolase (phaA), acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (phaB) from Ralstonia eutropha, and propionyl-CoA transferases (pct) from Clostridium beijerinckii 8052 were introducedinto Escherichia coli. The effects of host E. coli strains, different propionyl-CoA transferases, and post-induction temperatures were investigated. The final concentration of R-3HB reached 0.86 g/L using acetate as the sole carbon source. Subsequently, a kind of culture broth containing the syngas-derived acetate was used to produce 1.02 g/L of R-3HB with a yield of 0.26 g/g. Inthis study, the engineered E. coli strain could efficiently utilize syngas-derived acetate to synthesize R-3HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuanchan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ningyu Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Engineering of China National Light Industry Council, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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33
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Zhou K, Stephanopoulos G. Harness
Yarrowia lipolytica
to Make Small Molecule Products. Metab Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527823468.ch19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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Bio-conversion of CO 2 into biofuels and other value-added chemicals via metabolic engineering. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126813. [PMID: 34274880 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) occurs naturally in the atmosphere as a trace gas, which is produced naturally as well as by anthropogenic activities. CO2 is a readily available source of carbon that in principle can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of valuable products. The autotrophic organisms are naturally equipped to convert CO2 into biomass by obtaining energy from sunlight or inorganic electron donors. This autotrophic CO2 fixation has been exploited in biotechnology, and microbial cell factories have been metabolically engineered to convert CO2 into biofuels and other value-added bio-based chemicals. A variety of metabolic engineering efforts for CO2 fixation ranging from basic copy, paste, and fine-tuning approaches to engineering and testing of novel synthetic CO2 fixing pathways have been demonstrated. In this paper, we review the current advances and innovations in metabolic engineering for bio-conversion of CO2 into bio biofuels and other value-added bio-based chemicals.
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35
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Lai CY, Zhou L, Yuan Z, Guo J. Hydrogen-driven microbial biogas upgrading: Advances, challenges and solutions. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 197:117120. [PMID: 33862393 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a clean and renewable energy, biogas is an important alternative to fossil fuels. However, the high carbon dioxide (CO2) content in biogas limits its value as a fuel. 'Biogas upgrading' is an advanced process which removes CO2 from biogas, thereby converting biogas to biomethane, which has a higher commercial value. Microbial technologies offer a sustainable and cost-effective way to upgrade biogas, removing CO2 using hydrogen (H2) as electron donor, generated by surplus electricity from renewable wind or solar energy. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens can be applied to convert CO2 with H2 to methane (CH4), or alternatively, homoacetogens can convert both CO2 and H2 into value-added chemicals. Here, we comprehensively review the current state of biogas generation and utilization, and describe the advances in biological, H2-dependent biogas upgrading technologies, with particular attention to key challenges associated with the processes, e.g., metabolic limitations, low H2 transfer rate, and finite CO2 conversion rate. We also highlight several new strategies for overcoming technical barriers to achieve efficient CO2 conversion, including process optimization to eliminate metabolic limitation, novel reactor designs to improve H2 transfer rate and utilization efficiency, and employing advanced genetic engineering tools to generate more efficient microorganisms. The insights offered in this review will promote further exploration into microbial, H2-driven biogas upgrading, towards addressing the global energy crisis and climate change associated with use of fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lai
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Linjie Zhou
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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36
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Kato J, Takemura K, Kato S, Fujii T, Wada K, Iwasaki Y, Aoi Y, Matsushika A, Murakami K, Nakashimada Y. Metabolic engineering of Moorella thermoacetica for thermophilic bioconversion of gaseous substrates to a volatile chemical. AMB Express 2021; 11:59. [PMID: 33891189 PMCID: PMC8065083 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas fermentation is one of the promising bioprocesses to convert CO2 or syngas to important chemicals. Thermophilic gas fermentation of volatile chemicals has the potential for the development of consolidated bioprocesses that can simultaneously separate products during fermentation. This study reports the production of acetone from CO2 and H2, CO, or syngas by introducing the acetone production pathway using acetyl–coenzyme A (Ac-CoA) and acetate produced via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway in Moorella thermoacetica. Reducing the carbon flux from Ac-CoA to acetate through genetic engineering successfully enhanced acetone productivity, which varied on the basis of the gas composition. The highest acetone productivity was obtained with CO–H2, while autotrophic growth collapsed with CO2–H2. By adding H2 to CO, the acetone productivity from the same amount of carbon source increased compared to CO gas only, and the maximum specific acetone production rate also increased from 0.04 to 0.09 g-acetone/g-dry cell/h. Our development of the engineered thermophilic acetogen M. thermoacetica, which grows at a temperature higher than the boiling point of acetone (58 °C), would pave the way for developing a consolidated process with simplified and cost-effective recovery via condensation following gas fermentation.
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37
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Guo S, Asset T, Atanassov P. Catalytic Hybrid Electrocatalytic/Biocatalytic Cascades for Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Valorization. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyuan Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Tristan Asset
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Plamen Atanassov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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38
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Kim Y, Lama S, Agrawal D, Kumar V, Park S. Acetate as a potential feedstock for the production of value-added chemicals: Metabolism and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107736. [PMID: 33781888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetate is regarded as a promising carbon feedstock in biological production owing to its possible derivation from C1 gases such as CO, CO2 and methane. To best use of acetate, comprehensive understanding of acetate metabolisms from genes and enzymes to pathways and regulations is needed. This review aims to provide an overview on the potential of acetate as carbon feedstock for industrial biotechnology. Biochemical, microbial and biotechnological aspects of acetate metabolism are described. Especially, the current state-of-the art in the production of value-added chemicals from acetate is summarized. Challenges and future perspectives are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Suman Lama
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun 248005, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK430AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Sunghoon Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, UNIST, 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Tomás-Pejó E, Morales-Palomo S, González-Fernández C. Microbial lipids from organic wastes: Outlook and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 323:124612. [PMID: 33418352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipids have recently drawn a lot of attention as renewable sources for biochemicals production. Strong research efforts have been addressed to efficiently use organic wastes as carbon source for microbial lipids, which would definitively increase the profitability of the production process and boost a bio-based economy. This review compiles interesting traits of oleaginous microorganisms and highlights current trends on microbial- and process-oriented approaches to maximize microbial oil production from inexpensive substrates like lignocellulosic sugars, volatile fatty acids and glycerol. Furthermore, downstream processes such as cell harvesting or lipid extraction, that are decisive for the cost-effectiveness of the process, are discussed. To underpin microbial oils within the so demanded circular economy, associated challenges, recent advances and possible industrial applications that are also identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tomás-Pejó
- IMDEA Energy, Biotechnological Processes Unit, Av. Ramón de la Sagra, 29835 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Morales-Palomo
- IMDEA Energy, Biotechnological Processes Unit, Av. Ramón de la Sagra, 29835 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - C González-Fernández
- IMDEA Energy, Biotechnological Processes Unit, Av. Ramón de la Sagra, 29835 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
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40
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Cha S, Lim HG, Kwon S, Kim DH, Kang CW, Jung GY. Design of mutualistic microbial consortia for stable conversion of carbon monoxide to value-added chemicals. Metab Eng 2021; 64:146-153. [PMID: 33571657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a promising carbon source for producing value-added biochemicals via microbial fermentation. However, its microbial conversion has been challenging because of difficulties in genetic engineering of CO-utilizing microorganisms and, more importantly, maintaining CO consumption which is negatively affected by the toxicity of CO and accumulated byproducts. To overcome these issues, we devised mutualistic microbial consortia, co-culturing Eubacterium limosum and genetically engineered Escherichia coli for the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) and itaconic acid (ITA). During the co-culture, E. limosum assimilated CO and produced acetate, a toxic by-product, while E. coli utilized acetate as a sole carbon source. We found that this mutualistic interaction dramatically stabilized and improved CO consumption of E. limosum compared to monoculture. Consequently, the improved CO consumption allowed successful production of 3-HP and ITA from CO. This study is the first demonstration of value-added biochemical production from CO using a microbial consortium. Moreover, it suggests that synthetic mutualistic microbial consortium can serve as a powerful platform for the valorization of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghak Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-RoNam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-RoNam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmu Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-RoNam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-RoNam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Won Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-RoNam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-RoNam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-RoNam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Zhang L, Hu P, Pan J, Yu H, Xu J. Immobilization of trophic anaerobic acetogen for semi-continuous syngas fermentation. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Syngas Derived from Lignocellulosic Biomass Gasification as an Alternative Resource for Innovative Bioprocesses. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid system based on lignocellulosic biomass gasification and syngas fermentation represents a second-generation biorefinery approach that is currently in the development phase. Lignocellulosic biomass can be gasified to produce syngas, which is a gas mixture consisting mainly of H2, CO, and CO2. The major challenge of biomass gasification is the syngas’s final quality. Consequently, the development of effective syngas clean-up technologies has gained increased interest in recent years. Furthermore, the bioconversion of syngas components has been intensively studied using acetogenic bacteria and their Wood–Ljungdahl pathway to produce, among others, acetate, ethanol, butyrate, butanol, caproate, hexanol, 2,3-butanediol, and lactate. Nowadays, syngas fermentation appears to be a promising alternative for producing commodity chemicals in comparison to fossil-based processes. Research studies on syngas fermentation have been focused on process design and optimization, investigating the medium composition, operating parameters, and bioreactor design. Moreover, metabolic engineering efforts have been made to develop genetically modified strains with improved production. In 2018, for the first time, a syngas fermentation pilot plant from biomass gasification was built by LanzaTech Inc. in cooperation with Aemetis, Inc. Future research will focus on coupling syngas fermentation with additional bioprocesses and/or on identifying new non-acetogenic microorganisms to produce high-value chemicals beyond acetate and ethanol.
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43
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Valorization of CO2 through lithoautotrophic production of sustainable chemicals in Cupriavidus necator. Metab Eng 2020; 62:207-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Novak K, Kutscha R, Pflügl S. Microbial upgrading of acetate into 2,3-butanediol and acetoin by E. coli W. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:177. [PMID: 33110446 PMCID: PMC7584085 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetate is an abundant carbon source and its use as an alternative feedstock has great potential for the production of fuel and platform chemicals. Acetoin and 2,3-butanediol represent two of these potential platform chemicals. RESULTS The aim of this study was to produce 2,3-butanediol and acetoin from acetate in Escherichia coli W. The key strategies to achieve this goal were: strain engineering, in detail the deletion of mixed-acid fermentation pathways E. coli W ΔldhA ΔadhE Δpta ΔfrdA 445_Ediss and the development of a new defined medium containing five amino acids and seven vitamins. Stepwise reduction of the media additives further revealed that diol production from acetate is mediated by the availability of aspartate. Other amino acids or TCA cycle intermediates did not enable growth on acetate. Cultivation under controlled conditions in batch and pulsed fed-batch experiments showed that aspartate was consumed before acetate, indicating that co-utilization is not a prerequisite for diol production. The addition of aspartate gave cultures a start-kick and was not required for feeding. Pulsed fed-batches resulted in the production of 1.43 g l-1 from aspartate and acetate and 1.16 g l-1 diols (2,3-butanediol and acetoin) from acetate alone. The yield reached 0.09 g diols per g acetate, which accounts for 26% of the theoretical maximum. CONCLUSION This study for the first time showed acetoin and 2,3-butanediol production from acetate as well as the use of chemically defined medium for product formation from acetate in E. coli. Hereby, we provide a solid base for process intensification and the investigation of other potential products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Novak
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Institute for Chemical, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Kutscha
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Institute for Chemical, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Pflügl
- Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Institute for Chemical, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorfer Straße 1a, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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45
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Kiefer D, Merkel M, Lilge L, Henkel M, Hausmann R. From Acetate to Bio-Based Products: Underexploited Potential for Industrial Biotechnology. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:397-411. [PMID: 33036784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Currently, most biotechnological products are based on microbial conversion of carbohydrate substrates that are predominantly generated from sugar- or starch-containing plants. However, direct competitive uses of these feedstocks in the food and feed industry represent a dilemma, so using alternative carbon sources has become increasingly important in industrial biotechnology. A promising alternative carbon source that may be generated in substantial amounts from lignocellulosic biomass and C1 gases is acetate. This review discusses the underexploited potential of acetate to become a next-generation platform substrate in future industrial biotechnology and summarizes alternative sources and routes for acetate production. Furthermore, biotechnological aspects of microbial acetate utilization and the state of the art of biotechnological acetate conversion into value-added bioproducts are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Kiefer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manuel Merkel
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lars Lilge
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marius Henkel
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Rudolf Hausmann
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Fruwirthstrasse 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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46
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Köpke M, Simpson SD. Pollution to products: recycling of ‘above ground’ carbon by gas fermentation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:180-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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47
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Microbial production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from volatile fatty acids using the marine bacterium Neptunomonas concharum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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48
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Evaluation of Media Components and Process Parameters in a Sensitive and Robust Fed-Batch Syngas Fermentation System with Clostridium ljungdahlii. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fermentation of synthesis gas, or syngas, by acetogenic bacteria can help in transitioning from a fossil-fuel-based to a renewable bioeconomy. The main fermentation products of Clostridium ljungdahlii, one of such microorganisms, are acetate and ethanol. A sensitive, robust and reproducible system was established for C. ljungdahlii syngas fermentation, and several process parameters and medium components (pH, gas flow, cysteine and yeast extract) were investigated to assess its impact on the fermentation outcomes, as well as real time gas consumption. Moreover, a closed carbon balance could be achieved with the data obtained. This system is a valuable tool to detect changes in the behavior of the culture. It can be applied for the screening of strains, gas compositions or media components, for a better understanding of the physiology and metabolic regulation of acetogenic bacteria. Here, it was shown that neither yeast extract nor cysteine was a limiting factor for cell growth since their supplementation did not have a noticeable impact on product formation or overall gas consumption. By combining the lowering of both the pH and the gas flow after 24 h, the highest ethanol to acetate ratio was achieved, but with the caveat of lower productivity.
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49
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Ben Said S, Tecon R, Borer B, Or D. The engineering of spatially linked microbial consortia - potential and perspectives. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 62:137-145. [PMID: 31678714 PMCID: PMC7208534 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional biotechnological applications of microorganisms employ mono-cultivation or co-cultivation in well-mixed vessels disregarding the potential of spatially organized cultures. Metabolic specialization and guided species interactions facilitated through spatial isolation would enable consortia of microbes to accomplish more complex functions than currently possible, for bioproduction as well as biodegradation processes. Here, we review concepts of spatially linked microbial consortia in which spatial arrangement is optimized to increase control and facilitate new species combinations. We highlight that genome-scale metabolic network models can inform the design and tuning of synthetic microbial consortia and suggest that a standardized assembly of such systems allows the combination of 'incompatibles', potentially leading to countless novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ben Said
- Microbial Systems Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Robin Tecon
- Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Benedict Borer
- Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dani Or
- Soil and Terrestrial Environmental Physics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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50
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Heffernan JK, Valgepea K, de Souza Pinto Lemgruber R, Casini I, Plan M, Tappel R, Simpson SD, Köpke M, Nielsen LK, Marcellin E. Enhancing CO 2-Valorization Using Clostridium autoethanogenum for Sustainable Fuel and Chemicals Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:204. [PMID: 32292775 PMCID: PMC7135887 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetogenic bacteria can convert waste gases into fuels and chemicals. Design of bioprocesses for waste carbon valorization requires quantification of steady-state carbon flows. Here, steady-state quantification of autotrophic chemostats containing Clostridium autoethanogenum grown on CO2 and H2 revealed that captured carbon (460 ± 80 mmol/gDCW/day) had a significant distribution to ethanol (54 ± 3 C-mol% with a 2.4 ± 0.3 g/L titer). We were impressed with this initial result, but also observed limitations to biomass concentration and growth rate. Metabolic modeling predicted culture performance and indicated significant metabolic adjustments when compared to fermentation with CO as the carbon source. Moreover, modeling highlighted flux to pyruvate, and subsequently reduced ferredoxin, as a target for improving CO2 and H2 fermentation. Supplementation with a small amount of CO enabled co-utilization with CO2, and enhanced CO2 fermentation performance significantly, while maintaining an industrially relevant product profile. Additionally, the highest specific flux through the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway was observed during co-utilization of CO2 and CO. Furthermore, the addition of CO led to superior CO2-valorizing characteristics (9.7 ± 0.4 g/L ethanol with a 66 ± 2 C-mol% distribution, and 540 ± 20 mmol CO2/gDCW/day). Similar industrial processes are commercial or currently being scaled up, indicating CO-supplemented CO2 and H2 fermentation has high potential for sustainable fuel and chemical production. This work also provides a reference dataset to advance our understanding of CO2 gas fermentation, which can contribute to mitigating climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K. Heffernan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Kaspar Valgepea
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
- ERA Chair in Gas Fermentation Technologies, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Isabella Casini
- Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Plan
- Queensland Node of Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Lars K. Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Node of Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Node of Metabolomics Australia, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
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