1
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Tamaoki J, Maeda H, Kobayashi I, Takeuchi M, Ohashi K, Gore A, Bonkhofer F, Patient R, Weinstein BM, Kobayashi M. LSD1 promotes the egress of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into the bloodstream during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Dev Biol 2023:S0012-1606(23)00111-2. [PMID: 37353106 PMCID: PMC10393020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development, primitive and definitive waves of hematopoiesis take place to provide proper blood cells for each developmental stage, with the possible involvement of epigenetic factors. We previously found that lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) promotes primitive hematopoietic differentiation by shutting down the gene expression program of hemangioblasts in an Etv2/Etsrp-dependent manner. In the present study, we demonstrated that zebrafish LSD1 also plays important roles in definitive hematopoiesis in the development of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. A combination of genetic approaches and imaging analyses allowed us to show that LSD1 promotes the egress of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into the bloodstream during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Analysis of compound mutant lines with Etv2/Etsrp mutant zebrafish revealed that, unlike in primitive hematopoiesis, this function of LSD1 was independent of Etv2/Etsrp. The phenotype of LSD1 mutant zebrafish during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition was similar to that of previously reported compound knockout mice of Gfi1/Gfi1b, which forms a complex with LSD1 and represses endothelial genes. Moreover, co-knockdown of zebrafish Gfi1/Gfi1b genes inhibited the development of HSPCs. We therefore hypothesize that the shutdown of the Gfi1/Gfi1b-target genes during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition is one of the key evolutionarily conserved functions of LSD1 in definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Tamaoki
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan
| | - Hiroki Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Miki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ken Ohashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Aniket Gore
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Florian Bonkhofer
- Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Roger Patient
- Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
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2
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Bertherat J, Bourdeau I, Bouys L, Chasseloup F, Kamenicky P, Lacroix A. Clinical, pathophysiologic, genetic and therapeutic progress in Primary Bilateral Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia. Endocr Rev 2022:6957368. [PMID: 36548967 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (PBMAH) usually present bilateral benign adrenocortical macronodules at imaging and variable levels of cortisol excess. PBMAH is a rare cause of primary overt Cushing's syndrome, but may represent up to one third of bilateral adrenal incidentalomas with evidence of cortisol excess. The increased steroidogenesis in PBMAH is often regulated by various G-protein coupled receptors aberrantly expressed in PBMAH tissues; some receptor ligands are ectopically produced in PBMAH tissues creating aberrant autocrine/paracrine regulation of steroidogenesis. The bilateral nature of PBMAH and familial aggregation, led to the identification of germline heterozygous inactivating mutations of the ARMC5 gene, in 20-25% of the apparent sporadic cases and more frequently in familial cases; ARMC5 mutations/pathogenic variants can be associated with meningiomas. More recently, combined germline mutations/pathogenic variants and somatic events inactivating the KDM1A gene were specifically identified in patients affected by GIP-dependent PBMAH. Functional studies demonstrated that inactivation of KDM1A leads to GIP-receptor (GIPR) overexpression and over or down-regulation of other GPCRs. Genetic analysis is now available for early detection of family members of index cases with PBMAH carrying identified germline pathogenic variants. Detailed biochemical, imaging, and co-morbidities assessment of the nature and severity of PBMAH is essential for its management. Treatment is reserved for patients with overt or mild cortisol/aldosterone or other steroid excesses taking in account co-morbidities. It previously relied on bilateral adrenalectomy; however recent studies tend to favor unilateral adrenalectomy, or less frequently, medical treatment with cortisol synthesis inhibitors or specific blockers of aberrant GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerôme Bertherat
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris 75014, France
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lucas Bouys
- Department of Endocrinology and National Reference Center for Rare Adrenal Disorders, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 24 rue du Fg St Jacques, Paris 75014, France
| | - Fanny Chasseloup
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Kamenicky
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - André Lacroix
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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3
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Wei Y, Zhao Q, Lou X. blf and the drl cluster synergistically regulate cell fate commitment during zebrafish primitive hematopoiesis. Development 2022; 149:285945. [PMID: 36420817 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a highly coordinated process that generates all the body's blood cells, and perturbations in embryonic hematopoiesis may result in illnesses ranging from fetal anemia to various leukemias. Correct establishment of hematopoietic progenitor cell fate is essential for the development of adequate blood cell subpopulations, although regulators of cell fate commitment have not been fully defined. Here, we show that primary erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis in zebrafish embryos are synergistically regulated by blf and the drl cluster, as simultaneous depletion led to severe erythrocyte aplasia and excessive macrophage formation at the expense of neutrophil development. Integrative analysis of transcriptome- and genome-wide binding data revealed that blf and drl cluster genes are responsible for constraining the expression of vasculogenesis-promoting genes in the intermediate cell mass and monocytopoiesis-promoting genes in the rostral blood island. This indicates that blf and drl cluster genes act as determinants of the fate commitment of erythroid and myeloid progenitor cells. Furthermore, a rescue screen demonstrated that Zfp932 is a potential mammalian functional equivalent to zebrafish blf and drl cluster genes. Our data provide insight into conserved cell fate commitment mechanisms of primitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuxi Yang
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qingshun Zhao
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xin Lou
- Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311100, China
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4
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Casey MJ, Call AM, Thorpe AV, Jette CA, Engel ME, Stewart RA. The scaffolding function of LSD1/KDM1A reinforces a negative feedback loop to repress stem cell gene expression during primitive hematopoiesis. iScience 2022; 26:105737. [PMID: 36594016 PMCID: PMC9803847 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lsd1/Kdm1a functions both as a histone demethylase enzyme and as a scaffold for assembling chromatin modifier and transcription factor complexes to regulate gene expression. The relative contributions of Lsd1's demethylase and scaffolding functions during embryogenesis are not known. Here, we analyze two independent zebrafish lsd1/kdm1a mutant lines and show Lsd1 is required to repress primitive hematopoietic stem cell gene expression. Lsd1 rescue constructs containing point mutations that selectively abrogate its demethylase or scaffolding capacity demonstrate the scaffolding function of Lsd1, not its demethylase activity, is required for repression of gene expression in vivo. Lsd1's SNAG-binding domain mediates its scaffolding function and reinforces a negative feedback loop to repress the expression of SNAG-domain-containing genes during embryogenesis, including gfi1 and snai1/2. Our findings reveal a model in which the SNAG-binding and scaffolding function of Lsd1, and its associated negative feedback loop, provide transient and reversible regulation of gene expression during hematopoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattie J. Casey
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Call
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Annika V. Thorpe
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cicely A. Jette
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Michael E. Engel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Emily Couric Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Rodney A. Stewart
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA,Corresponding author
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5
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Abstract
Formation of the vasculature is a critical step within the developing embryo and its disruption causes early embryonic lethality. This complex process is driven by a cascade of signaling events that controls differentiation of mesodermal progenitors into primordial endothelial cells and their further specification into distinct subtypes (arterial, venous, hemogenic) that are needed to generate a blood circulatory network. Hemogenic endothelial cells give rise to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that generate all blood cells in the body during embryogenesis and postnatally. We focus our discussion on the regulation of endothelial cell differentiation, and subsequent hemogenic specification, and highlight many of the signaling pathways involved in these processes, which are conserved across vertebrates. Gaining a better understanding of the regulation of these processes will yield insights needed to optimize the treatment of vascular and hematopoietic disease and generate human stem cell-derived vascular and hematopoietic cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordon W Aragon
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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6
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Malagraba G, Yarmohammadi M, Javed A, Barceló C, Rubio-Tomás T. The Role of LSD1 and LSD2 in Cancers of the Gastrointestinal System: An Update. Biomolecules 2022; 12:462. [PMID: 35327654 PMCID: PMC8946813 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are known to play a key role in cancer progression. Specifically, histone methylation involves reversible post-translational modification of histones that govern chromatin structure remodelling, genomic imprinting, gene expression, DNA damage repair, and meiotic crossover recombination, among other chromatin-based activities. Demethylases are enzymes that catalyse the demethylation of their substrate using a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidation process. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and its homolog, lysine-specific demethylase 2 (LSD2), are overexpressed in a variety of human cancer types and, thus, regulate tumour progression. In this review, we focus on the literature from the last 5 years concerning the role of LSD1 and LSD2 in the main gastrointestinal cancers (i.e., gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Malagraba
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Mahdieh Yarmohammadi
- Central Tehran Branch, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1955847881, Iran;
| | - Aadil Javed
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey;
| | - Carles Barceló
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
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7
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Gahan JM, Kouzel IU, Jansen KO, Burkhardt P, Rentzsch F. Histone demethylase Lsd1 is required for the differentiation of neural cells in Nematostella vectensis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:465. [PMID: 35075108 PMCID: PMC8786827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin regulation is a key process in development but its contribution to the evolution of animals is largely unexplored. Chromatin is regulated by a diverse set of proteins, which themselves are tightly regulated in a cell/tissue-specific manner. Using the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis as a basal metazoan model, we explore the function of one such chromatin regulator, Lysine specific demethylase 1 (Lsd1). We generated an endogenously tagged allele and show that NvLsd1 expression is developmentally regulated and higher in differentiated neural cells than their progenitors. We further show, using a CRISPR/Cas9 generated mutant that loss of NvLsd1 leads to developmental abnormalities. This includes the almost complete loss of differentiated cnidocytes, cnidarian-specific neural cells, as a result of a cell-autonomous requirement for NvLsd1. Together this suggests that the integration of chromatin modifying proteins into developmental regulation predates the split of the cnidarian and bilaterian lineages and constitutes an ancient feature of animal development. The evolutionary point where chromatin modifier function integrated into regulation of specific cell types is unclear. In the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, the authors here show that lysine specific demethylase Lsd1 is developmentally regulated and required for normal development including cnidocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gahan
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ian U Kouzel
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamilla Ormevik Jansen
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pawel Burkhardt
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabian Rentzsch
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway. .,Department for Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt 53, 5006, Bergen, Norway.
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8
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Wu M, Chen Q, Li J, Xu Y, Lian J, Liu Y, Meng P, Zhang Y. Gfi1aa/Lsd1 Facilitates Hemangioblast Differentiation Into Primitive Erythrocytes by Targeting etv2 and sox7 in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786426. [PMID: 35096818 PMCID: PMC8790037 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The first wave of hematopoiesis is the primitive hematopoiesis, which produces embryonic erythroid and myeloid cells. Primitive erythrocytes are thought to be generated from bipotent hemangioblasts, but the molecular basis remains unclear. Transcriptional repressors Gfi1aa and Gfi1b have been shown to cooperatively promote primitive erythrocytes differentiation from hemangioblasts in zebrafish. However, the mechanism of these repressors during the primitive wave is largely unknown. Herein, by functional analysis of zebrafish gfi1aa smu10 , gfi1b smu11 , gfi1ab smu12 single, double, and triple mutants, we found that Gfi1aa not only plays a predominant role in primitive erythropoiesis but also synergizes with Gfi1ab. To screen Gfi1aa downstream targets, we performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis and found two endothelial transcription factors, etv2 and sox7, to be repressed by Gfi1aa. Genetic analysis demonstrated Gfi1aa to promote hemangioblast differentiation into primitive erythrocytes by inhibiting both etv2 and sox7 in an Lsd1-dependent manner. Moreover, the H3K4me1 level of etv2 and sox7 were increased in gfi1aa mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that Gfi1aa/Lsd1-dependent etv2/sox7 downregulation is critical for hemangioblast differentiation during primitive hematopoiesis by inhibition of endothelial specification. The different and redundant roles for Gfi1(s), as well as their genetic and epigenetic regulation during primitive hematopoiesis, help us to better know the molecular basis of the primitive hematopoiesis and sheds light on the understanding the Gfi1(s) related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Neuronal Structural Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Lian
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Division of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yiyue Zhang,
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9
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Oburoglu L, Mansell E, Canals I, Sigurdsson V, Guibentif C, Soneji S, Woods NB. Pyruvate metabolism guides definitive lineage specification during hematopoietic emergence. EMBO Rep 2021; 23:e54384. [PMID: 34914165 PMCID: PMC8811648 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, hematopoiesis occurs through primitive and definitive waves, giving rise to distinct blood lineages. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge from hemogenic endothelial (HE) cells, through endothelial‐to‐hematopoietic transition (EHT). In the adult, HSC quiescence, maintenance, and differentiation are closely linked to changes in metabolism. However, metabolic processes underlying the emergence of HSCs from HE cells remain unclear. Here, we show that the emergence of blood is regulated by multiple metabolic pathways that induce or modulate the differentiation toward specific hematopoietic lineages during human EHT. In both in vitro and in vivo settings, steering pyruvate use toward glycolysis or OXPHOS differentially skews the hematopoietic output of HE cells toward either an erythroid fate with primitive phenotype, or a definitive lymphoid fate, respectively. We demonstrate that glycolysis‐mediated differentiation of HE toward primitive erythroid hematopoiesis is dependent on the epigenetic regulator LSD1. In contrast, OXPHOS‐mediated differentiation of HE toward definitive hematopoiesis is dependent on cholesterol metabolism. Our findings reveal that during EHT, metabolism is a major regulator of primitive versus definitive hematopoietic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leal Oburoglu
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Els Mansell
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isaac Canals
- Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valgardur Sigurdsson
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carolina Guibentif
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shamit Soneji
- Molecular Hematology, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niels-Bjarne Woods
- Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Chasseloup F, Bourdeau I, Tabarin A, Regazzo D, Dumontet C, Ladurelle N, Tosca L, Amazit L, Proust A, Scharfmann R, Mignot T, Fiore F, Tsagarakis S, Vassiliadi D, Maiter D, Young J, Lecoq AL, Deméocq V, Salenave S, Lefebvre H, Cloix L, Emy P, Dessailloud R, Vezzosi D, Scaroni C, Barbot M, de Herder W, Pattou F, Tétreault M, Corbeil G, Dupeux M, Lambert B, Tachdjian G, Guiochon-Mantel A, Beau I, Chanson P, Viengchareun S, Lacroix A, Bouligand J, Kamenický P. Loss of KDM1A in GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:813-824. [PMID: 34655521 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome is caused by aberrant expression of the GIP receptor in adrenal lesions. The bilateral nature of this disease suggests germline genetic predisposition. We aimed to identify the genetic driver event responsible for GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome. METHODS We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study at endocrine hospitals and university hospitals in France, Canada, Italy, Greece, Belgium, and the Netherlands. We collected blood and adrenal samples from patients who had undergone unilateral or bilateral adrenalectomy for GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome. Adrenal samples from patients with primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia who had undergone an adrenalectomy for overt or mild Cushing's syndrome without evidence of food-dependent cortisol production and those with GIP-dependent unilateral adrenocortical adenomas were used as control groups. We performed whole genome, whole exome, and targeted next generation sequencing, and copy number analyses of blood and adrenal DNA from patients with familial or sporadic disease. We performed RNA sequencing on adrenal samples and functional analyses of the identified genetic defect in the human adrenocortical cell line H295R. FINDINGS 17 patients with GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome were studied. The median age of patients was 43·3 (95% CI 38·8-47·8) years and most patients (15 [88%]) were women. We identified germline heterozygous pathogenic or most likely pathogenic variants in the KDM1A gene in all 17 patients. We also identified a recurrent deletion in the short p arm of chromosome 1 harboring the KDM1A locus in adrenal lesions of these patients. None of the 29 patients in the control groups had KDM1A germline or somatic alterations. Concomitant genetic inactivation of both KDM1A alleles resulted in loss of KDM1A expression in adrenal lesions. Global gene expression analysis showed GIP receptor upregulation with a log2 fold change of 7·99 (95% CI 7·34-8·66; p=4·4 × 10-125), and differential regulation of several other G protein-coupled receptors in GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular hyperplasia samples compared with control samples. In vitro pharmacological inhibition and inactivation of KDM1A by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing resulted in an increase of GIP receptor transcripts and protein in human adrenocortical H295R cells. INTERPRETATION We propose that GIP-dependent primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome results from a two-hit inactivation of KDM1A, consistent with the tumour suppressor gene model of tumorigenesis. Genetic testing and counselling should be offered to these patients and their relatives. FUNDING Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Fondation du Grand défi Pierre Lavoie, and the French National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chasseloup
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Tabarin
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Hôpital Haut Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Daniela Regazzo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital-University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre de Recherche de Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nataly Ladurelle
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Lucie Tosca
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Larbi Amazit
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; UMS 44, Institut Biomédical du Val de Bièvre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Alexis Proust
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Tiphaine Mignot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Fiore
- US12 Centre d'immunophénomique, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Stylianos Tsagarakis
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Vassiliadi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dominique Maiter
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Young
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Anne-Lise Lecoq
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vianney Deméocq
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sylvie Salenave
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Normandie Univ, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Lucie Cloix
- CHR Orleans, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Orleans, France
| | - Philippe Emy
- CHR Orleans, Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Orleans, France
| | - Rachel Dessailloud
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, and PériTox, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Carla Scaroni
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital-University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Barbot
- Department of Neuroscience, Hospital-University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Wouter de Herder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - François Pattou
- Service de Chirurgie Générale et Endocrinienne, Univ Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, INSERM U1190, Translational Research Laboratory for Diabetes, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Martine Tétreault
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Corbeil
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Margot Dupeux
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Benoit Lambert
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive et Endocrinienne, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Gérard Tachdjian
- Service d'Histologie, Embryologie et Cytogénétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
| | - Anne Guiochon-Mantel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Isabelle Beau
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Chanson
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Say Viengchareun
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - André Lacroix
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine and Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jérôme Bouligand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service de Génétique Moléculaire et d'Hormonologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Peter Kamenický
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Physiologie et Physiopathologie Endocriniennes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Service d'Endocrinologie et des Maladies de la Reproduction, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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11
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Matrone G, Jung SY, Choi JM, Jain A, Leung HCE, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Rodor J, Denvir MA, Baker AH, Cooke JP. Nuclear S-nitrosylation impacts tissue regeneration in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6282. [PMID: 34725362 PMCID: PMC8560954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of nitric oxide signaling in multiple biological processes, its role in tissue regeneration remains largely unexplored. Here, we provide evidence that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) translocates to the nucleus during zebrafish tailfin regeneration and is associated with alterations in the nuclear S-nitrosylated proteome. iNos inhibitors or nitric oxide scavengers reduce protein S-nitrosylation and impair tailfin regeneration. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry reveals an increase of up to 11-fold in the number of S-nitrosylated proteins during regeneration. Among these, Kdm1a, a well-known epigenetic modifier, is S-nitrosylated on Cys334. This alters Kdm1a binding to the CoRest complex, thus impairing its H3K4 demethylase activity, which is a response specific to the endothelial compartment. Rescue experiments show S-nitrosylation is essential for tailfin regeneration, and we identify downstream endothelial targets of Kdm1a S-nitrosylation. In this work, we define S-nitrosylation as an essential post-translational modification in tissue regeneration. The role of the post-translational modifications in tissue regeneration is still not clearly understood. Here, the authors show that many nuclear proteins change S-nitrosylation state in the regenerating zebrafish tailfin, highlighting the importance of Kdm1a S-nitrosylation in the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Matrone
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK. .,Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jong Min Choi
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hon-Chiu Eastwood Leung
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Julie Rodor
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martin A Denvir
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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12
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Zhang X, Wang X, Wu T, Yin W, Yan J, Sun Y, Zhao D. Therapeutic potential of targeting LSD1/ KDM1A in cancers. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105958. [PMID: 34718134 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
LSD1 was the first histone demethylase identified by Professor Shi Yang and his team members in 2004. LSD1 employs FAD as its cofactor, which catalyzes the demethylation of H3K4 and H3K9. It is aberrantly overexpressed in different types of cancers and is associated with the growth, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. The knockout or inhibition of LSD1 could effectively suppress tumor development, and thus, it has become an attractive molecular target for cancer therapy. Moreover, many LSD1 inhibitors have been developed in preclinical and clinical trials to treat solid tumors and hematological malignancy. This study made an extensive review of the research obtained from the literature retrieval of electronic databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, RCSB PDB, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EU clinical trials register. This review summarizes recent studies on the advances of LSD1 inhibitors in the literature, covering January 2015 to June 2021. It focuses on the function of LSD1 in tumor cells, summarizes the crystal structures of homo sapiens LSD1, reviews the structural characteristics of LSD1 inhibitors, compares the screening methods of LSD1 inhibitors, and proposes guidelines for the future exploitation of LSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Xinran Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Jiangkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, P. R. China.
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13
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Saida K, Tamaoki J, Sasaki M, Haniffa M, Koshimizu E, Sengoku T, Maeda H, Kikuchi M, Yokoyama H, Sakamoto M, Iwama K, Sekiguchi F, Hamanaka K, Fujita A, Mizuguchi T, Ogata K, Miyake N, Miyatake S, Kobayashi M, Matsumoto N. Pathogenic variants in the survival of motor neurons complex gene GEMIN5 cause cerebellar atrophy. Clin Genet 2021; 100:722-730. [PMID: 34569062 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. GEMIN5 encoding an RNA-binding protein of the survival of motor neuron complex, is essential for small nuclear ribonucleoprotein biogenesis, and it was recently reported that biallelic loss-of-function variants cause neurodevelopmental delay, hypotonia, and cerebellar ataxia. Here, whole-exome analysis revealed compound heterozygous GEMIN5 variants in two individuals from our cohort of 162 patients with cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia. Three novel truncating variants and one previously reported missense variant were identified: c.2196dupA, p.(Arg733Thrfs*6) and c.1831G > A, p.(Val611Met) in individual 1, and c.3913delG, p.(Ala1305Leufs*14) and c.4496dupA, p.(Tyr1499*) in individual 2. Western blotting analysis using lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from both affected individuals showed significantly reduced levels of GEMIN5 protein. Zebrafish model for null variants p.(Arg733Thrfs*6) and p.(Ala1305Leufs*14) exhibited complete lethality at 2 weeks and recapitulated a distinct dysplastic phenotype. The phenotypes of affected individuals and the zebrafish mutant models strongly suggest that biallelic loss-of-function variants in GEMIN5 cause cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Saida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Junya Tamaoki
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muzhirah Haniffa
- Department of Genetics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Sengoku
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Maeda
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hitachi General Hospital, Hitachi, Japan
| | - Haruna Yokoyama
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamune Sakamoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Futoshi Sekiguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Toyama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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14
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Pinter S, Knodel F, Choudalakis M, Schnee P, Kroll C, Fuchs M, Broehm A, Weirich S, Roth M, Eisler SA, Zuber J, Jeltsch A, Rathert P. A functional LSD1 coregulator screen reveals a novel transcriptional regulatory cascade connecting R-loop homeostasis with epigenetic regulation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:4350-4370. [PMID: 33823549 PMCID: PMC8096265 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays a pivotal role in cellular differentiation by regulating the expression of key developmental genes in concert with different coregulatory proteins. This process is impaired in different cancer types and incompletely understood. To comprehensively identify functional coregulators of LSD1, we established a novel tractable fluorescent reporter system to monitor LSD1 activity in living cells. Combining this reporter system with a state-of-the-art multiplexed RNAi screen, we identify the DEAD-box helicase 19A (DDX19A) as a novel coregulator and demonstrate that suppression of Ddx19a results in an increase of R-loops and reduced LSD1-mediated gene silencing. We further show that DDX19A binds to tri-methylated lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3) and it regulates gene expression through the removal of transcription promoting R-loops. Our results uncover a novel transcriptional regulatory cascade where the downregulation of genes is dependent on the LSD1 mediated demethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4). This allows the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to methylate H3K27, which serves as a binding site for DDX19A. Finally, the binding of DDX19A leads to the efficient removal of R-loops at active promoters, which further de-represses LSD1 and PRC2, establishing a positive feedback loop leading to a robust repression of the target gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pinter
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Franziska Knodel
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michel Choudalakis
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Schnee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolin Kroll
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marina Fuchs
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Broehm
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sara Weirich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mareike Roth
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan A Eisler
- Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Albert Jeltsch
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philipp Rathert
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Bergo V, Trompouki E. New tools for 'ZEBRA-FISHING'. Brief Funct Genomics 2021:elab001. [PMID: 33605988 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish has been established as a classical model for developmental studies, yet in the past years, with the explosion of novel technological methods, the use of zebrafish as a model has expanded. One of the prominent fields that took advantage of zebrafish as a model organism early on is hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell generation from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In zebrafish, HSPCs are born early during development in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and then translocate to the caudal hematopoietic tissue, where they expand and finally take residence in the kidney marrow. This journey is tightly regulated at multiple levels from extracellular signals to chromatin. In order to delineate the mechanistic underpinnings of this process, next-generation sequencing techniques could be an important ally. Here, we describe genome-wide approaches that have been undertaken to delineate zebrafish hematopoiesis.
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16
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Wang Z, Wang P, Li Y, Peng H, Zhu Y, Mohandas N, Liu J. Interplay between cofactors and transcription factors in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:24. [PMID: 33468999 PMCID: PMC7815747 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis requires finely tuned regulation of gene expression at each stage of development. The regulation of gene transcription involves not only individual transcription factors (TFs) but also transcription complexes (TCs) composed of transcription factor(s) and multisubunit cofactors. In their normal compositions, TCs orchestrate lineage-specific patterns of gene expression and ensure the production of the correct proportions of individual cell lineages during hematopoiesis. The integration of posttranslational and conformational modifications in the chromatin landscape, nucleosomes, histones and interacting components via the cofactor–TF interplay is critical to optimal TF activity. Mutations or translocations of cofactor genes are expected to alter cofactor–TF interactions, which may be causative for the pathogenesis of various hematologic disorders. Blocking TF oncogenic activity in hematologic disorders through targeting cofactors in aberrant complexes has been an exciting therapeutic strategy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the models and functions of cofactor–TF interplay in physiological hematopoiesis and highlight their implications in the etiology of hematological malignancies. This review presents a deep insight into the physiological and pathological implications of transcription machinery in the blood system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, ChangSha, Hunan, China. .,Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Pan Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Molecular Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011, ChangSha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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17
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Sundaravel S, Steidl U, Wickrema A. Epigenetic modifiers in normal and aberrent erythropoeisis. Semin Hematol 2021; 58:15-26. [PMID: 33509439 PMCID: PMC7883935 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythroid differentiation program is comprised of lineage commitment, erythroid progenitor proliferation, and termination differentiation. Each stage of the differentiation program is heavily influenced by epigenetic modifiers that alter the epigenome in a dynamic fashion influenced by cytokines/humeral factors and are amicable to target by drugs. The epigenetic modifiers can be classified as DNA modifiers (DNMT, TET), mRNA modifiers (RNA methylases and demethylases) and histone protein modifiers (methyltransferases, acetyltransferases, demethylases, and deacetylases). Here we describe mechanisms by which these epigenetic modifiers influence and guide erythroid-lineage differentiation during normal and malignant erythropoiesis and also benign diseases that arise from their altered structure or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Sundaravel
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Ulrich Steidl
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical center, Bronx, NY
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18
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Perillo B, Tramontano A, Pezone A, Migliaccio A. LSD1: more than demethylation of histone lysine residues. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1936-1947. [PMID: 33318631 PMCID: PMC8080763 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) represents the first example of an identified nuclear protein with histone demethylase activity. In particular, it plays a special role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, as it removes methyl groups from mono- and dimethylated lysine 4 and/or lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2), behaving as a repressor or activator of gene expression, respectively. Moreover, it has been recently found to demethylate monomethylated and dimethylated lysine 20 in histone H4 and to contribute to the balance of several other methylated lysine residues in histone H3 (i.e., H3K27, H3K36, and H3K79). Furthermore, in recent years, a plethora of nonhistone proteins have been detected as targets of LSD1 activity, suggesting that this demethylase is a fundamental player in the regulation of multiple pathways triggered in several cellular processes, including cancer progression. In this review, we analyze the molecular mechanism by which LSD1 displays its dual effect on gene expression (related to the specific lysine target), placing final emphasis on the use of pharmacological inhibitors of its activity in future clinical studies to fight cancer. Further research into the complex structure and behavior of an enzyme involved in gene regulation could improve future cancer therapies. The modification of chromosomal proteins known as histones can fundamentally change gene expression and influence the progression of diseases such as cancer. Bruno Perillo at the Italian National Research Council, Naples, Italy, and co-workers reviewed understanding of the structurally complex enzyme lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 A (LSD1), which interacts with multiple targets including histones. LSD1 removes methyl groups from histones, fine-tuning gene expression and influencing protein activity. The overexpression of LSD1 is linked to cancer development, particularly in aggressive cancers, and inhibiting LSD1 has shown promise in slowing progression and cancer spread. The researchers call for further research into the complexities of LSD1 activity, both in cancers and normal cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Perillo
- Istituto per l'Endocrinologia e l'Oncologia Sperimentale "G. Salvatore" C.N.R, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alfonso Tramontano
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche Università Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione Università della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
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19
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Cavalieri V. Histones, Their Variants and Post-translational Modifications in Zebrafish Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:456. [PMID: 32582716 PMCID: PMC7289917 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex multi-cellular organisms are shaped starting from a single-celled zygote, owing to elaborate developmental programs. These programs involve several layers of regulation to orchestrate the establishment of progressively diverging cell type-specific gene expression patterns. In this scenario, epigenetic modifications of chromatin are central in influencing spatiotemporal patterns of gene transcription. In fact, it is generally recognized that epigenetic changes of chromatin states impact on the accessibility of genomic DNA to regulatory proteins. Several lines of evidence highlighted that zebrafish is an excellent vertebrate model for research purposes in the field of developmental epigenetics. In this review, I focus on the dynamic roles recently emerged for histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), histone modifying enzymes, histone variants and histone themselves in the coordination between the precise execution of transcriptional programs and developmental progression in zebrafish. In particular, I first outline a synopsis of the current state of knowledge in this field during early embryogenesis. Then, I present a survey of histone-based epigenetic mechanisms occurring throughout morphogenesis, with a stronger emphasis on cardiac formation. Undoubtedly, the issues addressed in this review take on particular importance in the emerging field of comparative biology of epigenetics, as well as in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Zebrafish Laboratory, Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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20
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Tamaoki J, Takeuchi M, Abe R, Kaneko H, Wada T, Hino S, Nakao M, Furukawa Y, Kobayashi M. Splicing- and demethylase-independent functions of LSD1 in zebrafish primitive hematopoiesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8521. [PMID: 32444613 PMCID: PMC7244555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
LSD1/KDM1A is a widely conserved lysine-specific demethylase that removes methyl groups from methylated proteins, mainly histone H3. We previously isolated the zebrafish LSD1 gene and demonstrated that it is required for primitive hematopoiesis. Recently, a neuron-specific splicing variant of LSD1 was found in mammals and its specific functions and substrate specificities were reported. To our surprise, zebrafish LSD1 cDNA, which we previously analyzed, was corresponded to the neuron-specific variant in mammals. In this study, we investigated the structures and expression of LSD1 splicing variants in zebrafish and found all 4 types of LSD1 isoforms: LSD1, LSD1+2al, LSD1+8al and LSD1+2al8al. Interestingly, LSD1+8al/LSD1+2al8al, which correspond to mammalian neuron-specific variants, expressed ubiquitously in zebrafish. We also performed phenotypic rescue experiments of a zebrafish LSD1 mutant (kdm1ait627) using human and zebrafish LSD1 variants to identify which variant is involved in primitive hematopoiesis. Unexpectedly, the overexpression of all types of human and zebrafish variants was able to rescue the hematopoietic phenotypes in LSD1 mutants. Furthermore, enzymatic-deficient LSD1K661A (human) and K638A (zebrafish) were also able to rescue the mutant phenotypes. These results suggest that the LSD1 functions in zebrafish primitive hematopoiesis are free from any splicing-dependent regulation or demethylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Tamaoki
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Miki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Abe
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaneko
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Taeko Wada
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Hino
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yusuke Furukawa
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
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21
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Milano-Foster J, Ray S, Home P, Ganguly A, Bhattacharya B, Bajpai S, Pal A, Mason CW, Paul S. Regulation of human trophoblast syncytialization by histone demethylase LSD1. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17301-17313. [PMID: 31591264 PMCID: PMC6873176 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful pregnancy is critically dependent upon proper placental development and function. During human placentation, villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitors differentiate to form syncytiotrophoblasts (SynTBs), which provide the exchange surface between the mother and fetus and secrete hormones to ensure proper progression of pregnancy. However, epigenetic mechanisms that regulate SynTB differentiation from CTB progenitors are incompletely understood. Here, we show that lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1; also known as KDM1A), a histone demethylase, is essential to this process. LSD1 is expressed both in CTB progenitors and differentiated SynTBs in first-trimester placental villi; accordingly, expression in SynTBs is maintained throughout gestation. Impairment of LSD1 function in trophoblast progenitors inhibits induction of endogenous retrovirally encoded genes SYNCYTIN1/endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope (ERVW1) and SYNCYTIN2/endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, envelope (ERVFRD1), encoding fusogenic proteins critical to human trophoblast syncytialization. Loss of LSD1 also impairs induction of chorionic gonadotropin α (CGA) and chorionic gonadotropin β (CGB) genes, which encode α and β subunits of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), a hormone essential to modulate maternal physiology during pregnancy. Mechanistic analyses at the endogenous ERVW1, CGA, and CGB loci revealed a regulatory axis in which LSD1 induces demethylation of repressive histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9Me2) and interacts with transcription factor GATA2 to promote RNA polymerase II (RNA-POL-II) recruitment and activate gene transcription. Our study reveals a novel LSD1-GATA2 axis, which regulates human trophoblast syncytialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Milano-Foster
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Soma Ray
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Pratik Home
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Avishek Ganguly
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Bhaswati Bhattacharya
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Shilpika Bajpai
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Aratrika Pal
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Clifford W Mason
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Soumen Paul
- Institute of Reproductive Health and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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22
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Ko S, Russell JO, Tian J, Gao C, Kobayashi M, Feng R, Yuan X, Shao C, Ding H, Poddar M, Singh S, Locker J, Weng HL, Monga SP, Shin D. Hdac1 Regulates Differentiation of Bipotent Liver Progenitor Cells During Regeneration via Sox9b and Cdk8. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:187-202.e14. [PMID: 30267710 PMCID: PMC6309465 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Upon liver injury in which hepatocyte proliferation is compromised, liver progenitor cells (LPCs), derived from biliary epithelial cells (BECs), differentiate into hepatocytes. Little is known about the mechanisms of LPC differentiation. We used zebrafish and mouse models of liver injury to study the mechanisms. METHODS We used transgenic zebrafish, Tg(fabp10a:CFP-NTR), to study the effects of compounds that alter epigenetic factors on BEC-mediated liver regeneration. We analyzed zebrafish with disruptions of the histone deacetylase 1 gene (hdac1) or exposed to MS-275 (an inhibitor of Hdac1, Hdac2, and Hdac3). We also analyzed zebrafish with mutations in sox9b, fbxw7, kdm1a, and notch3. Zebrafish larvae were collected and analyzed by whole-mount immunostaining and in situ hybridization; their liver tissues were collected for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We studied mice in which hepatocyte-specific deletion of β-catenin (Ctnnb1flox/flox mice injected with Adeno-associated virus serotype 8 [AAV8]-TBG-Cre) induces differentiation of LPCs into hepatocytes after a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet. Liver tissues were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblots. We performed immunohistochemical analyses of liver tissues from patients with compensated or decompensated cirrhosis or acute on chronic liver failure (n = 15). RESULTS Loss of Hdac1 activity in zebrafish blocked differentiation of LPCs into hepatocytes by increasing levels of sox9b mRNA and reduced differentiation of LPCs into BECs by increasing levels of cdk8 mRNA, which encodes a negative regulator gene of Notch signaling. We identified Notch3 as the receptor that regulates differentiation of LPCs into BECs. Loss of activity of Kdm1a, a lysine demethylase that forms repressive complexes with Hdac1, produced the same defects in differentiation of LPCs into hepatocytes and BECs as observed in zebrafish with loss of Hdac1 activity. Administration of MS-275 to mice with hepatocyte-specific loss of β-catenin impaired differentiation of LPCs into hepatocytes after the CDE diet. HDAC1 was expressed in reactive ducts and hepatocyte buds of liver tissues from patients with cirrhosis. CONCLUSIONS Hdac1 regulates differentiation of LPCs into hepatocytes via Sox9b and differentiation of LPCs into BECs via Cdk8, Fbxw7, and Notch3 in zebrafish with severe hepatocyte loss. HDAC1 activity was also required for differentiation of LPCs into hepatocytes in mice with liver injury after the CDE diet. These pathways might be manipulated to induce LPC differentiation for treatment of patients with advanced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Ko
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pathology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Jianmin Tian
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ce Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rilu Feng
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Joseph Locker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Hong-Lei Weng
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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23
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Yang GJ, Lei PM, Wong SY, Ma DL, Leung CH. Pharmacological Inhibition of LSD1 for Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2018; 23:E3194. [PMID: 30518104 PMCID: PMC6320820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1, also named KDM1A) is a demethylase that can remove methyl groups from histones H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2. It is aberrantly expressed in many cancers, where it impedes differentiation and contributes to cancer cell proliferation, cell metastasis and invasiveness, and is associated with inferior prognosis. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 has been reported to significantly attenuate tumor progression in vitro and in vivo in a range of solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia. This review will present the structural aspects of LSD1, its role in carcinogenesis, a comparison of currently available approaches for screening LSD1 inhibitors, a classification of LSD1 inhibitors, and its potential as a drug target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Pui-Man Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Suk-Yu Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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24
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Moore C, Richens JL, Hough Y, Ucanok D, Malla S, Sang F, Chen Y, Elworthy S, Wilkinson RN, Gering M. Gfi1aa and Gfi1b set the pace for primitive erythroblast differentiation from hemangioblasts in the zebrafish embryo. Blood Adv 2018; 2:2589-2606. [PMID: 30309860 PMCID: PMC6199651 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional repressors Gfi1(a) and Gfi1b are epigenetic regulators with unique and overlapping roles in hematopoiesis. In different contexts, Gfi1 and Gfi1b restrict or promote cell proliferation, prevent apoptosis, influence cell fate decisions, and are essential for terminal differentiation. Here, we show in primitive red blood cells (prRBCs) that they can also set the pace for cellular differentiation. In zebrafish, prRBCs express 2 of 3 zebrafish Gfi1/1b paralogs, Gfi1aa and Gfi1b. The recently identified zebrafish gfi1aa gene trap allele qmc551 drives erythroid green fluorescent protein (GFP) instead of Gfi1aa expression, yet homozygous carriers have normal prRBCs. prRBCs display a maturation defect only after splice morpholino-mediated knockdown of Gfi1b in gfi1aa qmc551 homozygous embryos. To study the transcriptome of the Gfi1aa/1b double-depleted cells, we performed an RNA-Seq experiment on GFP-positive prRBCs sorted from 20-hour-old embryos that were heterozygous or homozygous for gfi1aa qmc551 , as well as wt or morphant for gfi1b We subsequently confirmed and extended these data in whole-mount in situ hybridization experiments on newly generated single- and double-mutant embryos. Combined, the data showed that in the absence of Gfi1aa, the synchronously developing prRBCs were delayed in activating late erythroid differentiation, as they struggled to suppress early erythroid and endothelial transcription programs. The latter highlighted the bipotent nature of the progenitors from which prRBCs arise. In the absence of Gfi1aa, Gfi1b promoted erythroid differentiation as stepwise loss of wt gfi1b copies progressively delayed Gfi1aa-depleted prRBCs even further, showing that Gfi1aa and Gfi1b together set the pace for prRBC differentiation from hemangioblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sunir Malla
- Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fei Sang
- Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, and
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stone Elworthy
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, and
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, and
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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25
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Magliulo D, Bernardi R, Messina S. Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1A as a Promising Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2018; 8:255. [PMID: 30073149 PMCID: PMC6060236 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of incompletely differentiated progenitor cells (blasts) in the bone marrow and blood, and by suppression of normal hematopoiesis. It has recently become apparent that the AML genome is characterized by recurrent mutations and dysregulations in epigenetic regulators. These mutations frequently occur before the onset of full blown leukemia, at the pre-leukemic phase, and persist in residual disease that remains after therapeutic intervention, thus suggesting that targeting the AML epigenome may help to eradicate minimal residual disease and prevent relapse. Within the AML epigenome, lysine-specific demethylase 1 A (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that is found frequently overexpressed, albeit not mutated, in AML. LSD1 is a required constituent of critical transcription repressor complexes like CoREST and nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD), and abrogation of LSD1 expression results in impaired self-renewal and proliferation, and increased differentiation and apoptosis in AML models and primary cells, particularly in AMLs with MLL- and AML1-rearrangements, or erythroid and megakaryoblastic differentiation block. On this basis, a number of LSD1 inhibitors have been developed in the past decade, and few of them are currently being tested in clinical trials for patients with AML, along with other malignancies. To date, the most promising application of this therapeutic strategy appears to be combination therapy of LSD1 inhibitors with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to reactivate myeloid differentiation in cells that are not spontaneously susceptible to ATRA treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of LSD1 function in normal hematopoiesis and leukemia, and of the current clinical application of LSD1 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Magliulo
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Preclinical Models of Cancers, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Bernardi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Models of Cancers, Division of Experimental Oncology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Messina
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
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26
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Sun J, Ermann J, Niu N, Yan G, Yang Y, Shi Y, Zou W. Histone demethylase LSD1 regulates bone mass by controlling WNT7B and BMP2 signaling in osteoblasts. Bone Res 2018; 6:14. [PMID: 29707403 PMCID: PMC5916912 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple regulatory mechanisms control osteoblast differentiation and function to ensure unperturbed skeletal formation and remodeling. In this study we identify histone lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1/KDM1A) as a key epigenetic regulator of osteoblast differentiation. Knockdown of LSD1 promoted osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro and mice lacking LSD1 in mesenchymal cells displayed increased bone mass secondary to accelerated osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistic in vitro studies revealed that LSD1 epigenetically regulates the expression of WNT7B and BMP2. LSD1 deficiency resulted in increased BMP2 and WNT7B expression in osteoblasts and enhanced bone formation, while downregulation of WNT7B- and BMP2-related signaling using genetic mouse model or small-molecule inhibitors attenuated bone phenotype in vivo. Furthermore, the LSD1 inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP) could increase bone mass in mice. These data identify LSD1 as a novel regulator of osteoblast activity and suggest LSD1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Joerg Ermann
- 2Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ningning Niu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Guang Yan
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yang Yang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yujiang Shi
- 3Newborn Medicine Division, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Weiguo Zou
- 1State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
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27
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Nrf2 activation attenuates genetic endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by a mutation in the phosphomannomutase 2 gene in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2758-2763. [PMID: 29472449 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714056115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 plays critical roles in animals' defense against electrophiles and oxidative stress by orchestrating the induction of cytoprotective genes. We previously isolated the zebrafish mutant it768, which displays up-regulated expression of Nrf2 target genes in an uninduced state. In this paper, we determine that the gene responsible for it768 was the zebrafish homolog of phosphomannomutase 2 (Pmm2), which is a key enzyme in the initial steps of N-glycosylation, and its mutation in humans leads to PMM2-CDG (congenital disorders of glycosylation), the most frequent type of CDG. The pmm2it768 larvae exhibited mild defects in N-glycosylation, indicating that the pmm2it768 mutation is a hypomorph, as in human PMM2-CDG patients. A gene expression analysis showed that pmm2it768 larvae display up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, suggesting that the activation of Nrf2 was induced by the ER stress. Indeed, the treatment with the ER stress-inducing compounds up-regulated the gstp1 expression in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Furthermore, the up-regulation of gstp1 by the pmm2 inactivation was diminished by knocking down or out double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK), one of the main ER stress sensors, suggesting that Nrf2 was activated in response to the ER stress via the PERK pathway. ER stress-induced activation of Nrf2 was reported previously, but the results have been controversial. Our present study clearly demonstrated that ER stress can indeed activate Nrf2 and this regulation is evolutionarily conserved among vertebrates. Moreover, ER stress induced in pmm2it768 mutants was ameliorated by the treatment of the Nrf2-activator sulforaphane, indicating that Nrf2 plays significant roles in the reduction of ER stress.
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28
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Ahmed M, Streit A. Lsd1 interacts with cMyb to demethylate repressive histone marks and maintain inner ear progenitor identity. Development 2018; 145:dev.160325. [PMID: 29437831 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
During development, multipotent progenitor cells must maintain their identity while retaining the competence to respond to new signalling cues that drive cell fate decisions. This depends on both DNA-bound transcription factors and surrounding histone modifications. Here, we identify the histone demethylase Lsd1 as a crucial component of the molecular machinery that preserves progenitor identity in the developing ear prior to lineage commitment. Although Lsd1 is mainly associated with repressive complexes, we show that, in ear precursors, it is required to maintain active transcription of otic genes. We reveal a novel interaction between Lsd1 and the transcription factor cMyb, which in turn recruits Lsd1 to the promoters of key ear transcription factors. Here, Lsd1 prevents the accumulation of repressive H3K9me2, while allowing H3K9 acetylation. Loss of Lsd1 function causes rapid silencing of active promoters and loss of ear progenitor genes, and shuts down the entire ear developmental programme. Our data suggest that Lsd1-cMyb acts as a co-activator complex that maintains a regulatory module at the top of the inner ear gene network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohi Ahmed
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Floor 27 Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Dental Institute, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Andrea Streit
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Floor 27 Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Dental Institute, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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29
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Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Targeting histone methyltransferase and demethylase in acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 11:131-155. [PMID: 29343972 PMCID: PMC5749389 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s145971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder of myeloid progenitors characterized by the acquisition of chromosomal abnormalities, somatic mutations, and epigenetic changes that determine a consistent degree of biological and clinical heterogeneity. Advances in genomic technologies have increasingly shown the complexity and heterogeneity of genetic and epigenetic alterations in AML. Among the genetic alterations occurring in AML, frequent are the genetic alterations at the level of various genes involved in the epigenetic control of the DNA methylome and histone methylome. In fact, genes involved in DNA demethylation (such as DNMT3A, TET2, IDH1, and IDH2) or histone methylation and demethylation (EZH2, MLL, DOT1L) are frequently mutated in primary and secondary AML. Furthermore, some histone demethylases, such as LSD1, are frequently overexpressed in AML. These observations have strongly supported a major role of dysregulated epigenetic regulatory processes in leukemia onset and development. This conclusion was further supported by the observation that mutations in genes encoding epigenetic modifiers, such as DMT3A, ASXL1, TET2, IDH1, and IDH2, are usually acquired early and are present in the founding leukemic clone. These observations have contributed to development of the idea that targeting epigenetic abnormalities could represent a potentially promising strategy for the development of innovative treatments of AML. In this review, we analyze those proteins and their inhibitors that have already reached the first stages of clinical trials in AML, namely the histone methyltransferase DOT1L, the demethylase LSD1, and the MLL-interacting protein menin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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30
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Hosseini A, Minucci S. A comprehensive review of lysine-specific demethylase 1 and its roles in cancer. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1123-1142. [PMID: 28699367 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation plays a key role in the regulation of chromatin structure, and its dynamics regulates important cellular processes. The investigation of the role of alterations in histone methylation in cancer has led to the identification of histone methyltransferases and demethylases as promising novel targets for therapy. Lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1, also known as KDM1A) is the first discovered histone lysine demethylase, with the ability to demethylase H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2 at target loci in a context-dependent manner. LSD1 regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells, and is highly expressed in various cancers, playing an important role in differentiation and self-renewal of tumor cells. In this review, we summarize recent studies about the LSD1, its role in normal and tumor cells, and the potential use of small molecule LSD1 inhibitors in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hosseini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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31
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Zhang L, Jambusaria A, Hong Z, Marsboom G, Toth PT, Herbert BS, Malik AB, Rehman J. SOX17 Regulates Conversion of Human Fibroblasts Into Endothelial Cells and Erythroblasts by Dedifferentiation Into CD34 + Progenitor Cells. Circulation 2017; 135:2505-2523. [PMID: 28381471 PMCID: PMC5472005 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.025722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: The mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and lineage conversion of adult human fibroblasts into functional endothelial cells have not yet been fully defined. Furthermore, it is not known whether fibroblast dedifferentiation recapitulates the generation of multipotent progenitors during embryonic development, which give rise to endothelial and hematopoietic cell lineages. Here we established the role of the developmental transcription factor SOX17 in regulating the bilineage conversion of fibroblasts by the generation of intermediate progenitors. Methods: CD34+ progenitors were generated after the dedifferentiation of human adult dermal fibroblasts by overexpression of pluripotency transcription factors. Sorted CD34+ cells were transdifferentiated into induced endothelial cells and induced erythroblasts using lineage-specific growth factors. The therapeutic potential of the generated cells was assessed in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. Results: Induced endothelial cells expressed specific endothelial cell surface markers and also exhibited the capacity for cell proliferation and neovascularization. Induced erythroblasts expressed erythroid surface markers and formed erythroid colonies. Endothelial lineage conversion was dependent on the upregulation of the developmental transcription factor SOX17, whereas suppression of SOX17 instead directed the cells toward an erythroid fate. Implantation of these human bipotential CD34+ progenitors into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD-SCID) mice resulted in the formation of microvessels derived from human fibroblasts perfused with mouse and human erythrocytes. Endothelial cells generated from human fibroblasts also showed upregulation of telomerase. Cell implantation markedly improved vascularity and cardiac function after myocardial infarction without any evidence of teratoma formation. Conclusions: Dedifferentiation of fibroblasts to intermediate CD34+ progenitors gives rise to endothelial cells and erythroblasts in a SOX17-dependent manner. These findings identify the intermediate CD34+ progenitor state as a critical bifurcation point, which can be tuned to generate functional blood vessels or erythrocytes and salvage ischemic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghui Zhang
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Ankit Jambusaria
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Zhigang Hong
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Glenn Marsboom
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Peter T Toth
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Brittney-Shea Herbert
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Asrar B Malik
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.)
| | - Jalees Rehman
- From Department of Pharmacology (L.Z., A.J., Z.H., G.M., P.T.T., A.B.M., J.R.), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology (J.R.), The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago; and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (B.-S.H.).
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Maiques-Diaz A, Somervaille TCP. LSD1: biologic roles and therapeutic targeting. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1103-16. [PMID: 27479862 PMCID: PMC5066116 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LSD1 (KDM1A; BHC110; AOF2) was the first protein reported to exhibit histone demethylase activity and has since been shown to have multiple essential roles in mammalian biology. Given its enzymatic activity and its high-level expression in many human malignancies, a significant recent focus has been the development of pharmacologic inhibitors. Here we summarize structural and biochemical knowledge of this important epigenetic regulator, with a particular emphasis on the functional and preclinical studies in oncology that have provided justification for the evaluation of tranylcypromine derivative LSD1 inhibitors in early phase clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Maiques-Diaz
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Tim CP Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
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33
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Andricovich J, Kai Y, Tzatsos A. Lysine-specific histone demethylases in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:778-782. [PMID: 27208808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic control of gene expression is central to the development of the hematopoietic system and the execution of lineage-specific transcriptional programs. During the last 10 years, mounting evidence has implicated the family of lysine-specific histone demethylases as critical regulators of normal hematopoiesis, whereas their deregulation is found in a broad spectrum of hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we review recent findings on the role of these enzymes in normal and malignant hematopoiesis and highlight how aberrant epigenetic regulation facilitates hematopoietic cell transformation through subversion of cell fate and lineage commitment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Andricovich
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; George Washington University Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Yan Kai
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Physics, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Alexandros Tzatsos
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA; George Washington University Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA.
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34
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Oh SY, Kim JY, Park C. The ETS Factor, ETV2: a Master Regulator for Vascular Endothelial Cell Development. Mol Cells 2015; 38:1029-36. [PMID: 26694034 PMCID: PMC4696993 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Appropriate vessel development and its coordinated function is essential for proper embryogenesis and homeostasis in the adult. Defects in vessels cause birth defects and are an important etiology of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, tumor and diabetes retinopathy. The accumulative data indicate that ETV2, an ETS transcription factor, performs a potent and indispensable function in mediating vessel development. This review discusses the recent progress of the study of ETV2 with special focus on its regulatory mechanisms and cell fate determining role in developing mouse embryos as well as somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yeong Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
- Children’s Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
- Children’s Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
| | - Changwon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
- Children’s Heart Research and Outcomes Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
- Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,
USA
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