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Dahiya S, Saleh M, Rodriguez UA, Rajasundaram D, R Arbujas J, Hajihassani A, Yang K, Sehrawat A, Kalsi R, Yoshida S, Prasadan K, Lickert H, Hu J, Piganelli JD, Gittes GK, Esni F. Acinar to β-like cell conversion through inhibition of focal adhesion kinase. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3740. [PMID: 38702347 PMCID: PMC11068907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47972-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Insufficient functional β-cell mass causes diabetes; however, an effective cell replacement therapy for curing diabetes is currently not available. Reprogramming of acinar cells toward functional insulin-producing cells would offer an abundant and autologous source of insulin-producing cells. Our lineage tracing studies along with transcriptomic characterization demonstrate that treatment of adult mice with a small molecule that specifically inhibits kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase results in trans-differentiation of a subset of peri-islet acinar cells into insulin producing β-like cells. The acinar-derived insulin-producing cells infiltrate the pre-existing endocrine islets, partially restore β-cell mass, and significantly improve glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice. These findings provide evidence that inhibition of the kinase activity of focal adhesion kinase can convert acinar cells into insulin-producing cells and could offer a promising strategy for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti Dahiya
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Mohamed Saleh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Uylissa A Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jorge R Arbujas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arian Hajihassani
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ranjeet Kalsi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shiho Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - George K Gittes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Al-Hasani K, Marikar SN, Kaipananickal H, Maxwell S, Okabe J, Khurana I, Karagiannis T, Liang JJ, Mariana L, Loudovaris T, Kay T, El-Osta A. EZH2 inhibitors promote β-like cell regeneration in young and adult type 1 diabetes donors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:2. [PMID: 38161208 PMCID: PMC10757994 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
β-cells are a type of endocrine cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize, store and release insulin. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), T-cells of the immune system selectively destroy the insulin-producing β-cells. Destruction of these cells leads to a lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin administration for survival. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies that stimulate β-cell growth and induce β-cell function. We and others have shown that pancreatic ductal progenitor cells are a promising source for regenerating β-cells for T1D owing to their inherent differentiation capacity. Default transcriptional suppression is refractory to exocrine reaction and tightly controls the regenerative potential by the EZH2 methyltransferase. In the present study, we show that transient stimulation of exocrine cells, derived from juvenile and adult T1D donors to the FDA-approved EZH2 inhibitors GSK126 and Tazemetostat (Taz) influence a phenotypic shift towards a β-like cell identity. The transition from repressed to permissive chromatin states are dependent on bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me3 chromatin modification. Targeting EZH2 is fundamental to β-cell regenerative potential. Reprogrammed pancreatic ductal cells exhibit insulin production and secretion in response to a physiological glucose challenge ex vivo. These pre-clinical studies underscore the potential of small molecule inhibitors as novel modulators of ductal progenitor differentiation and a promising new approach for the restoration of β-like cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Al-Hasani
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Safiya Naina Marikar
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Harikrishnan Kaipananickal
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott Maxwell
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun Okabe
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Karagiannis
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia J Liang
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, VIC, Australia
| | - Lina Mariana
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Kay
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, 30-32- Ngan Shing Street, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR.
- Biomedical Laboratory Science, Department of Technology, Faculty of Health, University College Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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3
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Cha J, Tong X, Walker EM, Dahan T, Cochrane VA, Ashe S, Russell R, Osipovich AB, Mawla AM, Guo M, Liu JH, Loyd ZA, Huising MO, Magnuson MA, Hebrok M, Dor Y, Stein R. Species-specific roles for the MAFA and MAFB transcription factors in regulating islet β cell identity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166386. [PMID: 37606041 PMCID: PMC10543725 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with compromised identity of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells, characterized by inappropriate production of other islet cell-enriched hormones. Here, we examined how hormone misexpression was influenced by the MAFA and MAFB transcription factors, closely related proteins that maintain islet cell function. Mice specifically lacking MafA in β cells demonstrated broad, population-wide changes in hormone gene expression with an overall gene signature closely resembling islet gastrin+ (Gast+) cells generated under conditions of chronic hyperglycemia and obesity. A human β cell line deficient in MAFB, but not one lacking MAFA, also produced a GAST+ gene expression pattern. In addition, GAST was detected in human T2D β cells with low levels of MAFB. Moreover, evidence is provided that human MAFB can directly repress GAST gene transcription. These results support a potentially novel, species-specific role for MafA and MAFB in maintaining adult mouse and human β cell identity, respectively. Here, we discuss the possibility that induction of Gast/GAST and other non-β cell hormones, by reduction in the levels of these transcription factors, represents a dysfunctional β cell signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Cha
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Emily M. Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tehila Dahan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Veronica A. Cochrane
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sudipta Ashe
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ronan Russell
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anna B. Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alex M. Mawla
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jin-hua Liu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zachary A. Loyd
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mark O. Huising
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology & Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Kimani CN, Reuter H, Kotzé SH, Muller CJF. Regeneration of Pancreatic Beta Cells by Modulation of Molecular Targets Using Plant-Derived Compounds: Pharmacological Mechanisms and Clinical Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6216-6245. [PMID: 37623211 PMCID: PMC10453321 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, increased cell death and loss of beta-cell mass despite chronic treatment. Consequently, there has been growing interest in developing beta cell-centered therapies. Beta-cell regeneration is mediated by augmented beta-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation of other islet cell types to functional beta-like cells or the reprograming of beta-cell progenitors into fully differentiated beta cells. This mediation is orchestrated by beta-cell differentiation transcription factors and the regulation of the cell cycle machinery. This review investigates the beta-cell regenerative potential of antidiabetic plant extracts and phytochemicals. Various preclinical studies, including in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies, are highlighted. Further, the potential regenerative mechanisms and the intra and extracellular mediators that are of significance are discussed. Also, the potential of phytochemicals to translate into regenerative therapies for T2D patients is highlighted, and some suggestions regarding future perspectives are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Njoki Kimani
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Helmuth Reuter
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Sanet Henriët Kotzé
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Christo John Fredrick Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa
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Sox9 is required in regeneration of pancreatic β cells following injury. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113406. [PMID: 36332684 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of insulin secretion due to pancreatic β cell injury caused by autoimmune reaction is the pathological basis of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Therefore, seeking new molecular targets for alleviating pancreatic β cell injury will provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of T1DM. SRY-box 9 (Sox9) is not only an important molecule regulating the development of various organs, but also its high expression can aggravate the pathological process of various diseases. In addition, Sox9+ cells are also pancreatic progenitor cells, participating in pancreatic repair reaction induced by injury. In our study, elevated blood glucose and lack of pancreatic β cells almost returned to normal over time after streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic β cell damage, implying that pancreatic β cells were regenerated after STZ-induced injury. In particular, the expression of Sox9 was significantly elevated during pancreatic β cell regeneration. On this basis, we conducted in vitro experiments to verify whether overexpression of Sox9 could inhibit the damage of pancreatic β cells by inflammatory factors. Our results showed that overexpression of Sox9 alleviated the damage of pancreatic β cells by inflammatory factors and improved the inhibitory effect of inflammatory factors on insulin secretion of pancreatic β cells. Unsurprising, blood glucose levels, insulin content and pancreatic β cell number failed to return to near-normal levels timely after pancreatic β cells specific knockout Sox9 mice were treated with STZ, further confirming the importance of Sox9 in facilitating pancreatic β cell repair or regeneration. Our study indicate that enhanced Sox9 activity might protect pancreatic β cells from autoimmune induced damage and thus improve the pathological process of T1DM.
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Wang Y, Xu L, Luo S, Sun X, Li J, Pang H, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Shi X, Li X, Huang G, Xie Z, Zhou Z. The m6A methylation profiles of immune cells in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030728. [PMID: 36457997 PMCID: PMC9707336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by immune cell-mediated β-cell dysfunction. In recent decades, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has attracted widespread attention in the scientific research field because it plays vital roles in the pathogenesis of immunity-related diseases, including autoimmune diseases. However, neither the m6A modification profile nor the potential role it plays in T1DM pathogenesis has been investigated to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS An m6A mRNA epitranscriptomic microarray analysis was performed to analyze m6A regulator expression patterns and m6A methylation patterns in immune cells of T1DM patients (n=6) and healthy individuals (n=6). A bioinformatics analysis was subsequently performed to explore the potential biological functions and signaling pathways underlying T1DM pathogenesis. Furthermore, mRNA expression and m6A methylation levels were subsequently verified by qRT-PCR and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR (MeRIP-qPCR), respectively, in the T1DM and healthy groups (n=6 per group). RESULTS Among the multiple m6A regulators, METTL3 and IGF2BP2 had significantly downregulated expression, and YTHDC1 and HNRNPA2B1 had significantly upregulated expression in the T1DM group relative to the healthy group. The microarray analysis revealed 4247 differentially methylated transcripts, including 932 hypermethylated and 3315 hypomethylated transcripts, and 4264 differentially expressed transcripts, including 1818 upregulated transcripts and 2446 downregulated transcripts in the T1DM group relative to the healthy group. An association analysis between methylation and gene expression demonstrated that the expression of 590 hypermethylated transcripts was upregulated, and that of 1890 hypomethylated transcripts was downregulated. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlations between the expression levels of differentially expressed m6A regulators and the methylation levels of differentially methylated transcripts and significant correlations between the expression levels of differentially expressed m6A regulators and that of differentially expressed transcripts. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses demonstrated that differentially methylated transcripts were involved in pathways related to immunity, including some closely associated with T1DM. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents m6A regulator expression patterns and m6A methylation patterns of immune cells in T1DM, showing that the m6A mark and m6A regulators are promising targets for T1DM diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Heydari M, Yazdanparast R. Differentiation of PANC-1 ductal cells to β-like cells via cellular GABA modulation by Magainin and CPF-7 peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 597:128-133. [PMID: 35144175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Some of the antimicrobial peptides induce insulin release and improve glucose tolerance while their effects on pancreatic cell differentiation have remained unresolved. In this report, we evaluated the effects of two of these peptides, Magainin-II and CPF-7, and also GABA, on PANC-1 ductal cells' differentiation. Based on immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR analyses the expression levels of some of the Epithelial to Mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors such as Snai1 and Ngn3, as two biomarkers of alpha and beta cells, were increased. Our findings also revealed a drastic increase in Arx, Pax4, Dnmt-1 and Glucagon expressions associated with dedifferentiation of PANC-1 cells into pancreatic endocrine progenitor cells. Futhermore, Magainin-II and CPF-7 exerted their roles partly via influencing the GABA cellular content. These data would undoubtedly provide a suitable ground for further investigation to guide these cells toward transplantable insulin producing beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Heydari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P. O. Box, 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, P. O. Box, 13145-1384, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Yanowski E, Yacovzada NS, David E, Giladi A, Jaitin D, Farack L, Egozi A, Ben-Zvi D, Itzkovitz S, Amit I, Hornstein E. Physically interacting beta-delta pairs in the regenerating pancreas revealed by single-cell sequencing. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101467. [PMID: 35240340 PMCID: PMC8983436 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Until recently, communication between neighboring cells in islets of Langerhans was overlooked by genomic technologies, which require rigorous tissue dissociation into single cells. Methods We utilize sorting of physically interacting cells (PICs) with single-cell RNA-sequencing to systematically map cellular interactions in the endocrine pancreas after pancreatectomy. Results The pancreas cellular landscape features pancreatectomy associated heterogeneity of beta-cells, including an interaction-specific program between paired beta and delta-cells. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that the particular cluster of beta-cells that pairs with delta-cells benefits from stress protection, implying that the interaction between beta- and delta-cells might safeguard against pancreatectomy associated challenges. The work encourages testing the potential relevance of physically-interacting beta-delta-cells also in diabetes mellitus. Single-cell RNA-sequencing systematically maps physically interacting endocrine cells in the pancreas. The landscape of pancreatectomy associated beta-cell heterogeneity is mapped in a single cell resolution. Interaction-specific beta - delta cellular program safeguards beta cells against pancreatectomy-associated stress. Physically interacting beta delta pairs were discovered in an injury model and may also be relevant in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Yanowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nancy-Sarah Yacovzada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Amir Giladi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Diego Jaitin
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lydia Farack
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adi Egozi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Danny Ben-Zvi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Shalev Itzkovitz
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eran Hornstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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9
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Chen S, Huang H, Liu Y, Wang C, Chen X, Chang Y, Li Y, Guo Z, Han Z, Han ZC, Zhao Q, Chen XM, Li Z. Renal subcapsular delivery of PGE 2 promotes kidney repair by activating endogenous Sox9 + stem cells. iScience 2021; 24:103243. [PMID: 34746706 PMCID: PMC8554536 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has recently been recognized to play a role in immune regulation and tissue regeneration. However, the short half-life of PGE2 limits its clinical application. Improving the delivery of PGE2 specifically to the target organ with a prolonged release method is highly desirable. Taking advantage of the adequate space and proximity of the renal parenchyma, renal subcapsular delivery allows minimally invasive and effective delivery to the entire kidney. Here, we report that by covalently cross-linking it to a collagen matrix, PGE2 exhibits an adequate long-term presence in the kidney with extensive intraparenchymal penetration through renal subcapsular delivery and significantly improves kidney function. Sox9 cell lineage tracing with intravital microscopy revealed that PGE2 could activate the endogenous renal progenitor Sox9+ cells through the Yap signaling pathway. Our results highlight the prospects of utilizing renal subcapsular-based drug delivery and facilitate new applications of PGE2-releasing matrices for regenerative therapy. PGE2 exhibits an adequate long-term release by being covalently cross-linked to collagen The renal subcapsular space serves as a reservoir for the delivery of PGE2 Sox9+ renal progenitor cells can be lineage traced intravitally by microscopy PGE2 activates the endogenous renal progenitor Sox9+ cells through the YAP pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyan Huang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoniao Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhibo Han
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell Pharmaceutical, National Engineering Research Center for Cell Products, AmCellGene Co., Ltd., Tianjin China
| | - Zhong-Chao Han
- Jiangxi Engineering Research Center for Stem Cell, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell Pharmaceutical, National Engineering Research Center for Cell Products, AmCellGene Co., Ltd., Tianjin China.,Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem Cells, Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, The College of Life Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100039, China
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10
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Bonner-Weir S. New evidence for adult beta cell neogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:1889-1890. [PMID: 34739830 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Gribben et al. (2021), using improved lineage-tracing mice and longer chase times, have provided clear evidence of new islet cells forming from the pancreatic ducts in adult mice. Perhaps these data will finally put to rest the controversy over beta cell neogenesis in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Bonner-Weir
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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11
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Gribben C, Lambert C, Messal HA, Hubber EL, Rackham C, Evans I, Heimberg H, Jones P, Sancho R, Behrens A. Ductal Ngn3-expressing progenitors contribute to adult β cell neogenesis in the pancreas. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:2000-2008.e4. [PMID: 34478642 PMCID: PMC8577827 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ductal cells have been proposed as a source of adult β cell neogenesis, but this has remained controversial. By combining lineage tracing, 3D imaging, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approaches, we show that ductal cells contribute to the β cell population over time. Lineage tracing using the Neurogenin3 (Ngn3)-CreERT line identified ductal cells expressing the endocrine master transcription factor Ngn3 that were positive for the δ cell marker somatostatin and occasionally co-expressed insulin. The number of hormone-expressing ductal cells was increased in Akita+/- diabetic mice, and ngn3 heterozygosity accelerated diabetes onset. scRNA-seq of Ngn3 lineage-traced islet cells indicated that duct-derived somatostatin-expressing cells, some of which retained expression of ductal markers, gave rise to β cells. This study identified Ngn3-expressing ductal cells as a source of adult β cell neogenesis in homeostasis and diabetes, suggesting that this mechanism, in addition to β cell proliferation, maintains the adult islet β cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Chloe Rackham
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Evans
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Beta Cell Neogenesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Jones
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Axel Behrens
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK; Cancer Stem Cell Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK; Convergence Science Centre, Imperial College, London SW7 2BU, UK.
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12
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Rodriguez UA, Socorro M, Criscimanna A, Martins CP, Mohamed N, Hu J, Prasadan K, Gittes GK, Esni F. Conversion of α-Cells to β-Cells in the Postpartum Mouse Pancreas Involves Lgr5 Progeny. Diabetes 2021; 70:1508-1518. [PMID: 33906911 PMCID: PMC8336010 DOI: 10.2337/db20-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the skin and the gut, where somatic stem cells and their niche are well characterized, a definitive pancreatic multipotent cell population in the adult pancreas has yet to be revealed. Of particular interest is whether such cells may be endogenous in patients with diabetes, and if so, can they be used for therapeutic purposes? In the current study, we used two separate reporter lines to target Cre-recombinase expression to the Lgr5- or glucagon-expressing cells in the pancreas. We provide evidence for the existence of a population of cells within and in the proximity of the ducts that transiently express the stem-cell marker Lgr5 during late gestational stages. Careful timing of tamoxifen treatment in Lgr5EGFP-IRES-CreERT2 ;R26 Tomato mice allowed us to show that these Lgr5-expressing progenitor cells can differentiate into α-cells during pregnancy. Furthermore, we report on a spontaneous lineage conversion of α- to β-cells specifically after parturition. The contribution of Lgr5 progeny to the β-cell compartment through an α-cell intermediate phase early after pregnancy appears to be part of a novel mechanism that would counterbalance against excessive β-cell mass reduction during β-cell involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uylissa A Rodriguez
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mairobys Socorro
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Angela Criscimanna
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christina P Martins
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nada Mohamed
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jing Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George K Gittes
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Farzad Esni
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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13
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A new shortened protocol to obtain islet-like cells from hESC-derived ductal cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:587-597. [PMID: 34212340 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Conventional methods for obtaining pancreatic β cells are based on simulating the embryonic development phase of endocrine cells via hierarchical differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Accordingly, we attempted to modify the protocols for obtaining insulin-secreting cells (ISCs) by sequential differentiation of a human embryonic stem cell (hESC), using the HS181 cell line. Furthermore, we hypothesize that actual pancreatic endocrine cells may arise from trans-differentiation of mature ductal cells after the embryonic developmental stage and throughout the rest of life. According to the hypothesis, ductal cells are trans-differentiated into endocrine and exocrine cells, undergoing a partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). To address this issue, we developed two new protocols based on hESC differentiation to obtain ductal cells and then induce EMT in cells to obtain hormone-secreting islet-like cells (HSCs). The ductal (pre-EMT exocrine) cells were then induced to undergo partial EMT by treating with Wnt3a and activin A, in hypoxia. The cell derived from the latter method significantly expressed the main endocrine cell-specific markers and also β cells, in particular. These experiments not only support our hypothetical model but also offer a promising approach to develop new methods to compensate β cell depletion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although this protocol of generating islet-like cells from ductal cells has a potential to treat T1DM, this strategy may be exploited to optimize the function of these cells in an animal model and future clinical applications.
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14
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Wang KL, Tao M, Wei TJ, Wei R. Pancreatic β cell regeneration induced by clinical and preclinical agents. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:64-77. [PMID: 33584980 PMCID: PMC7859987 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, one of the most common chronic diseases in the modern world, has pancreatic β cell deficiency as a major part of its pathophysiological mechanism. Pancreatic regeneration is a potential therapeutic strategy for the recovery of β cell loss. However, endocrine islets have limited regenerative capacity, especially in adult humans. Almost all hypoglycemic drugs can protect β cells by inhibiting β cell apoptosis and dedifferentiation via correction of hyperglycemia and amelioration of the consequent inflammation and oxidative stress. Several agents, including glucagon-like peptide-1 and γ-aminobutyric acid, have been shown to promote β cell proliferation, which is considered the main source of the regenerated β cells in adult rodents, but with less clarity in humans. Pancreatic progenitor cells might exist and be activated under particular circumstances. Artemisinins and γ-aminobutyric acid can induce α-to-β cell conversion, although some disputes exist. Intestinal endocrine progenitors can transdeterminate into insulin-producing cells in the gut after FoxO1 deletion, and pharmacological research into FoxO1 inhibition is ongoing. Other cells, including pancreatic acinar cells, can transdifferentiate into β cells, and clinical and preclinical strategies are currently underway. In this review, we summarize the clinical and preclinical agents used in different approaches for β cell regeneration and make some suggestions regarding future perspectives for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Li Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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15
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Spears E, Serafimidis I, Powers AC, Gavalas A. Debates in Pancreatic Beta Cell Biology: Proliferation Versus Progenitor Differentiation and Transdifferentiation in Restoring β Cell Mass. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:722250. [PMID: 34421829 PMCID: PMC8378310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.722250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In all forms of diabetes, β cell mass or function is reduced and therefore the capacity of the pancreatic cells for regeneration or replenishment is a critical need. Diverse lines of research have shown the capacity of endocrine as well as acinar, ductal and centroacinar cells to generate new β cells. Several experimental approaches using injury models, pharmacological or genetic interventions, isolation and in vitro expansion of putative progenitors followed by transplantations or a combination thereof have suggested several pathways for β cell neogenesis or regeneration. The experimental results have also generated controversy related to the limitations and interpretation of the experimental approaches and ultimately their physiological relevance, particularly when considering differences between mouse, the primary animal model, and human. As a result, consensus is lacking regarding the relative importance of islet cell proliferation or progenitor differentiation and transdifferentiation of other pancreatic cell types in generating new β cells. In this review we summarize and evaluate recent experimental approaches and findings related to islet regeneration and address their relevance and potential clinical application in the fight against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Spears
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ioannis Serafimidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Anthony Gavalas, ; Alvin C. Powers,
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anthony Gavalas, ; Alvin C. Powers,
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16
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Khatri R, Mazurek S, Petry SF, Linn T. Mesenchymal stem cells promote pancreatic β-cell regeneration through downregulation of FoxO1 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:497. [PMID: 33239104 PMCID: PMC7687794 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are non-haematopoietic, fibroblast-like multipotent stromal cells. In the injured pancreas, these cells are assumed to secrete growth factors and immunomodulatory molecules, which facilitate the regeneration of pre-existing β-cells. However, when MSC are delivered intravenously, their majority is entrapped in the lungs and does not reach the pancreas. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to compare the regenerative support of hTERT-MSC (human telomerase reverse transcriptase mesenchymal stem cells) via intrapancreatic (IPR) and intravenous route (IVR). Methods hTERT-MSC were administered by IPR and IVR to 50% pancreatectomized NMRI nude mice. After eight days, blood glucose level, body weight, and residual pancreatic weight were measured. Proliferating pancreatic β-cells were labelled and identified with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in vivo. The number of residual islets and the frequency of proliferating β-cells were compared in different groups with sequential pancreatic sections. The pancreatic insulin content was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the presence of hTERT-MSC with human Alu sequence. Murine gene expression of growth factors, β-cell specific molecules and proinflammatory cytokines were inspected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Results This study evaluated the regenerative potential of the murine pancreas post-hTERT-MSC administration through the intrapancreatic (IPR) and intravenous route (IVR). Both routes of hTERT-MSC transplantation (IVR and IPR) increased the incorporation of BrdU by pancreatic β-cells compared to control. MSC induced epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression and inhibited proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α). FOXA2 and PDX-1 characteristics for pancreatic progenitor cells were activated via AKT/ PDX-1/ FoxO1 signalling pathway. Conclusion The infusion of hTERT-MSC after partial pancreatectomy (Px) through the IVR and IPR facilitated the proliferation of autochthonous pancreatic β-cells and provided evidence for a regenerative influence of MSC on the endocrine pancreas. Moderate benefit of IPR over IVR was observed which could be a new treatment option for preventing diabetes mellitus after pancreas surgery. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at at 10.1186/s13287-020-02007-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Khatri
- Third Medical Department, Clinical Research Lab, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sybille Mazurek
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Linn
- Third Medical Department, Clinical Research Lab, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany. .,Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Friedrichstrasse. 20/ Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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17
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Reversal of autoimmunity by mixed chimerism enables reactivation of β cells and transdifferentiation of α cells in diabetic NOD mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31219-31230. [PMID: 33229527 PMCID: PMC7733788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2012389117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cure of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires both reversal of autoimmunity and regeneration or resupply of insulin-producing β cells. We have observed that combination therapy with induction of haploidentical mixed chimerism and administration of gastrin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) cures firmly established T1D. The predominant source of β cell regeneration in mice comes from reactivation of dysfunctional insulinlo β cells and transdifferentiation of α cells. These studies have provided insights into β cell regeneration mechanisms in firmly established autoimmune T1D, in particular, reactivation of the insulinlo β cells after reversal of autoimmunity by induction of haploidentical mixed chimerism. These studies also provide a preclinical scientific basis for the feasibility of cure of long-standing T1D in humans. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the autoimmune destruction of β cells, so cure of firmly established T1D requires both reversal of autoimmunity and restoration of β cells. It is known that β cell regeneration in nonautoimmune diabetic mice can come from differentiation of progenitors and/or transdifferentiation of α cells. However, the source of β cell regeneration in autoimmune nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice remains unclear. Here, we show that, after reversal of autoimmunity by induction of haploidentical mixed chimerism, administration of gastrin plus epidermal growth factor augments β cell regeneration and normalizes blood glucose in the firmly established diabetic NOD mice. Using transgenic NOD mice with inducible lineage-tracing markers for insulin-producing β cells, Sox9+ ductal progenitors, Nestin+ mesenchymal stem cells, and glucagon-producing α cells, we have found that both reactivation of dysfunctional low-level insulin expression (insulinlo) β cells and neogenesis contribute to the regeneration, with the latter predominantly coming from transdifferentiation of α cells. These results indicate that, after reversal of autoimmunity, reactivation of β cells and transdifferentiation of α cells can provide sufficient new functional β cells to reach euglycemia in firmly established T1D.
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18
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Brovkina O, Dashinimaev E. Advances and complications of regenerative medicine in diabetes therapy. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9746. [PMID: 33194345 PMCID: PMC7485501 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of technologies in regenerative medicine indicates clearly that their common application is not a matter of if, but of when. However, the regeneration of beta-cells for diabetes patients remains a complex challenge due to the plurality of related problems. Indeed, the generation of beta-cells masses expressing marker genes is only a first step, with maintaining permanent insulin secretion, their protection from the immune system and avoiding pathological modifications in the genome being the necessary next developments. The prospects of regenerative medicine in diabetes therapy were promoted by the emergence of promising results with embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Their pluripotency and proliferation in an undifferentiated state during culture have ensured the success of ESCs in regenerative medicine. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from the patients’ own mesenchymal cells has provided further hope for diabetes treatment. Nonetheless, the use of stem cells has significant limitations related to the pluripotent stage, such as the risk of development of teratomas. Thus, the direct conversion of mature cells into beta-cells could address this issue. Recent studies have shown the possibility of such transdifferentiation and have set trends for regeneration medicine, directed at minimizing genome modifications and invasive procedures. In this review, we will discuss the published results of beta-cell regeneration and the advantages and disadvantages illustrated by these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Brovkina
- Federal Research Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Health Care and Medical Technologies of Federal Medical and Biology Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Erdem Dashinimaev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Chen S, Du K, Zou C. Current progress in stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:275. [PMID: 32641151 PMCID: PMC7346484 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01793-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the most common chronic autoimmune disease in young patients and is characterized by the loss of pancreatic β cells; as a result, the body becomes insulin deficient and hyperglycemic. Administration or injection of exogenous insulin cannot mimic the endogenous insulin secreted by a healthy pancreas. Pancreas and islet transplantation have emerged as promising treatments for reconstructing the normal regulation of blood glucose in T1DM patients. However, a critical shortage of pancreases and islets derived from human organ donors, complications associated with transplantations, high cost, and limited procedural availability remain bottlenecks in the widespread application of these strategies. Attempts have been directed to accommodate the increasing population of patients with T1DM. Stem cell therapy holds great potential for curing patients with T1DM. With the advent of research on stem cell therapy for various diseases, breakthroughs in stem cell-based therapy for T1DM have been reported. However, many unsolved issues need to be addressed before stem cell therapy will be clinically feasible for diabetic patients. In this review, we discuss the current research advances in strategies to obtain insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from different precursor cells and in stem cell-based therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Disease of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Kechen Du
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Disease of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunlin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Ageing-Related Disease of Chinese Ministry of Education, Center for Translational Medicine and School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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20
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Yu XX, Xu CR. Understanding generation and regeneration of pancreatic β cells from a single-cell perspective. Development 2020; 147:147/7/dev179051. [PMID: 32280064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the generation and regeneration of β cells is crucial for developing treatments for diabetes. However, traditional research methods, which are based on populations of cells, have limitations for defining the precise processes of β-cell differentiation and trans-differentiation, and the associated regulatory mechanisms. The recent development of single-cell technologies has enabled re-examination of these processes at a single-cell resolution to uncover intermediate cell states, cellular heterogeneity and molecular trajectories of cell fate specification. Here, we review recent advances in understanding β-cell generation and regeneration, in vivo and in vitro, from single-cell technologies, which could provide insights for optimization of diabetes therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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21
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Kuncorojakti S, Srisuwatanasagul S, Kradangnga K, Sawangmake C. Insulin-Producing Cell Transplantation Platform for Veterinary Practice. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:4. [PMID: 32118053 PMCID: PMC7028771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Type I DM requires prolonged and consistent exogenous insulin administration to address hyperglycemia, which can increase the risk of diabetes complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and heart disorders. Cell-based therapies have been successful in human medicine using the Edmonton protocol. These therapies help maintain the production of endogenous insulin and stabilize blood glucose levels and may possibly be adapted to veterinary clinical practice. The limited number of cadaveric pancreas donors and the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents are the main obstacles for this protocol. Over the past decade, the development of potential therapies for DM has mainly focused on the generation of effective insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various sources of stem cells that can be transplanted into the body. Another successful application of stem cells in type I DM therapies is transplanting generated IPCs. Encapsulation can be an alternative strategy to protect IPCs from rejection by the body due to their immunoisolation properties. This review summarizes current concepts of IPCs and encapsulation technology for veterinary clinical application and proposes a potential stem-cell-based platform for veterinary diabetic regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryo Kuncorojakti
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sayamon Srisuwatanasagul
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krishaporn Kradangnga
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Veterinary Pharmacology and Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Veterinary Clinical Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Zarin M, Karbalaei N, Keshtgar S, Nemati M. Platelet-rich plasma improves impaired glucose hemostasis, disrupted insulin secretion, and pancreatic oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Growth Factors 2019; 37:226-237. [PMID: 32151173 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2020.1735382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to investigate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on impaired glucose homeostasis, disrupted islet insulin secretion, and pancreatic oxidative status in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. A total of 64 Sprague-Dawley male were randomized to four groups including controls, diabetes, control-PRP, and diabetes-PRP. The rats received the PRP (0.5 ml/kg, SC injection) twice weekly for 4 weeks. Plasma glucose and insulin levels, pancreatic oxidative stress markers and islet insulin secretion and content were measured. Compared with the control group, in the diabetic group, increased plasma glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased plasma insulin level, islet insulin secretion, pancreatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities were observed. PRP treatment significantly reduced plasma glucose and MDA levels and enhanced plasma insulin, antioxidant enzyme activity, islet insulin secretion, and content in the diabetic rats. These findings showed that PRP can improve pancreatic islet insulin secretion, pancreatic oxidative stress and regulate plasma insulin and glucose levels in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Zarin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Karbalaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Keshtgar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nemati
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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23
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Highly efficient ex vivo lentiviral transduction of primary human pancreatic exocrine cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15870. [PMID: 31676849 PMCID: PMC6825235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of efficient gene transfer methods into primary human pancreatic exocrine cells hampers studies on the plasticity of these cells and their possible role in beta cell regeneration. Therefore, improved gene transfer protocols are needed. Lentiviral vectors are widely used to drive ectopic gene expression in mammalian cells, including primary human islet cells. Here we aimed to optimize gene transfer into primary human exocrine cells using modified lentiviral vectors or transduction conditions. We evaluated different promoters, viral envelopes, medium composition and transduction adjuvants. Transduction efficiency of a reporter vector was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. We show that protamine sulfate-assisted transduction of a VSV-G-pseudotyped vector expressing eGFP under the control of a CMV promoter in a serum-free environment resulted in the best transduction efficiency of exocrine cells, reaching up to 90% of GFP-positive cells 5 days after transduction. Our findings will enable further studies on pancreas (patho)physiology that require gene transfer such as gene overexpression, gene knockdown or lineage tracing studies.
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24
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Motlagh RA, Mohebbi S, Moslemi M, Jabbari P, Alizadeh A, Mardani R, Gheibi Hayat SM. Pancreatic β-cell regeneration: From molecular mechanisms to therapy. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14189-14200. [PMID: 31081169 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are a type of cells that are present in the islets of Langerhans. These cells are highly specialized for the secretion of insulin in response to low increasing of blood glucose levels. Hence, pancreatic β cells could contribute to maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis. Increasing evidence has revealed that a variety of internal (ie, genetic and epigenetic factors) and external factors (ie, radical-oxidative stress) are involved in the protection and/or regeneration of pancreatic β cells. The pathways regulating β-cell replication have been intensely investigated. Glucose has an important role in cell cycle entry of quiescent β cells, which exerts its effect via glucose metabolism and unfolded proteins. A variety of growth factors, hormones, and signaling pathways (ie, calcium-calcineurin nuclear factor of activated T cells) are others factors that could affect β-cell replication under different conditions. Therefore, a greater understanding of the underlying pathways involved in the regeneration and protection of pancreatic β cells could lead to finding and developing new therapeutic approaches. Utilization of stem cells and various phytochemical agents have provided new aspects for preventing β-cell degeneration and stimulating the endogenous regeneration of islets. Thus, these therapeutic platforms could be used as potential therapies in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Here, we summarized the various mechanisms involved in pancreatic β-cell regeneration. Moreover, we highlighted different therapeutic approaches which could be used for the regeneration of pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Akbari Motlagh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Mohebbi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Moslemi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parnia Jabbari
- Department of New Medical Science, Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Alizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rajab Mardani
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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25
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Paving the way for successful islet encapsulation. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:737-748. [PMID: 30738185 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a disorder that decimates pancreatic β-cells which produce insulin. Direct pancreatic islet transplantation cannot serve as a widespread therapeutic modality owing to the need for lifelong immunosuppression and donor shortage. Therefore, several encapsulation techniques have been developed to enclose the islets in semipermeable vehicles that will allow oxygen and nutrient input as well as insulin, other metabolites and waste output, while accomplishing immunoisolation. Although encapsulation technology continues to face significant obstacles, recent advances in material science, stem cell biology and immunology potentially serve as pathways to success. This review summarizes the accomplishments of the past 5 years.
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26
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Jawahar AP, Narayanan S, Loganathan G, Pradeep J, Vitale GC, Jones CM, Hughes MG, Williams SK, Balamurugan AN. Ductal Cell Reprogramming to Insulin-Producing Beta-Like Cells as a Potential Beta Cell Replacement Source for Chronic Pancreatitis. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:65-74. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180918092729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Islet cell auto-transplantation is a novel strategy for maintaining blood glucose levels and
improving the quality of life in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Despite the many recent advances
associated with this therapy, obtaining a good yield of islet infusate still remains a pressing
challenge. Reprogramming technology, by making use of the pancreatic exocrine compartment, can
open the possibility of generating novel insulin-producing cells. Several lineage-tracing studies present
evidence that exocrine cells undergo dedifferentiation into a progenitor-like state from which they can
be manipulated to form insulin-producing cells. This review will present an overview of recent reports
that demonstrate the potential of utilizing pancreatic ductal cells (PDCs) for reprogramming into insulin-
producing cells, focusing on the recent advances and the conflicting views. A large pool of ductal
cells is released along with islets during the human islet isolation process, but these cells are separated
from the pure islets during the purification process. By identifying and improving existing ductal cell
culture methods and developing a better understanding of mechanisms by which these cells can be manipulated
to form hormone-producing islet-like cells, PDCs could prove to be a strong clinical tool in
providing an alternative beta cell source, thus helping CP patients maintain their long-term glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinth P. Jawahar
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Siddharth Narayanan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Gopalakrishnan Loganathan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Jithu Pradeep
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Gary C. Vitale
- Division of General Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Christopher M. Jones
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Michael G. Hughes
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Stuart K. Williams
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Appakalai N. Balamurugan
- Clinical Islet Cell Laboratory, Center for Cellular Transplantation, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
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27
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Isolation and Characterization of Colony-Forming Progenitor Cells from Adult Pancreas. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2029:63-80. [PMID: 31273734 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9631-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining, growing, and analysis of pancreatic progenitor cells. Adult stem and progenitor cells have been successfully used for cell-based therapies such as transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells for various diseases. Whether stem and progenitor cells in the adult pancreas can be identified and used for replacement therapy has been a highly controversial topic. To address this controversy, our laboratory has developed in vitro colony assays to detect and characterize individual pancreatic stem and progenitor-like cells. We found that a subpopulation of ductal cells in the adult murine pancreas has the abilities to self-renew and differentiate into multiple pancreatic lineages in three-dimensional space in methylcellulose-containing semisolid media. This protocol details the techniques used for culturing and characterizing these pancreatic stem and progenitor-like cells, which we have named pancreatic colony-forming units (PCFUs), as well as their progenies (colonies). The techniques presented here include dissociation of pancreases, sorting antibody-stained cells with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, viral transduction of dissociated pancreatic cells, growth of PCFUs in semi-solid media, whole-mount immunostaining and Western blot analysis for proteins expressed in colonies, and kidney capsule transplantation of colonies for in vivo functional analysis.
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28
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Zhong F, Jiang Y. Endogenous Pancreatic β Cell Regeneration: A Potential Strategy for the Recovery of β Cell Deficiency in Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30842756 PMCID: PMC6391341 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous pancreatic β cell regeneration is a potential strategy for β cell expansion or neogenesis to treat diabetes. Regeneration can occur through stimulation of existing β cell replication or conversion of other pancreatic cells into β cells. Recently, various strategies and approaches for stimulation of endogenous β cell regeneration have been evaluated, but they were not suitable for clinical application. In this paper, we comprehensively review these strategies, and further discuss various factors involved in regulation of β cell regeneration under physiological or pathological conditions, such as mediators, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and potential pharmaceutical drugs. Furthermore, we discuss possible reasons for the failure of regenerative medicines in clinical trials, and possible strategies for improving β cell regeneration. As β cell heterogeneity and plasticity determines their function and environmental adaptability, we focus on β cell subtype markers and discuss the importance of research evaluating the characteristics of new β cells. In addition, based on the autoimmunologic features of type 1 diabetes, NOD/Lt-SCID-IL2rg null (NSG) mice grafted with human immune cells and β cells are recommended for use in evaluation of antidiabetic regenerative medicines. This review will further understand current advances in endogenous β cell regeneration, and provide potential new strategies for the treatment of diabetes focused on cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Jiang
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29
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Vieira A, Vergoni B, Courtney M, Druelle N, Gjernes E, Hadzic B, Avolio F, Napolitano T, Navarro Sanz S, Mansouri A, Collombat P. Neurog3 misexpression unravels mouse pancreatic ductal cell plasticity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201536. [PMID: 30092080 PMCID: PMC6084906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of type 1 diabetes research and the development of insulin-producing β-cell replacement strategies, whether pancreatic ductal cells retain their developmental capability to adopt an endocrine cell identity remains debated, most likely due to the diversity of models employed to induce pancreatic regeneration. In this work, rather than injuring the pancreas, we developed a mouse model allowing the inducible misexpression of the proendocrine gene Neurog3 in ductal cells in vivo. These animals developed a progressive islet hypertrophy attributed to a proportional increase in all endocrine cell populations. Lineage tracing experiments indicated a continuous neo-generation of endocrine cells exhibiting a ductal ontogeny. Interestingly, the resulting supplementary β-like cells were found to be functional. Based on these findings, we suggest that ductal cells could represent a renewable source of new β-like cells and that strategies aiming at controlling the expression of Neurog3, or of its molecular targets/co-factors, may pave new avenues for the improved treatments of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andhira Vieira
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Bastien Vergoni
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Monica Courtney
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Noémie Druelle
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | - Biljana Hadzic
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Fabio Avolio
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Ahmed Mansouri
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Am Fassberg, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Collombat
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France
- * E-mail:
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30
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Expansion of transplanted islets in mice by co-transplantation with adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00632. [PMID: 29872765 PMCID: PMC5986537 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of donor islets is a significant obstacle for widespread clinical application of pancreatic islet transplantation. To investigate whether adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) induce expansion of transplanted islets, we performed co-transplantation experiments in a mouse model. Streptozotosin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice transplanted with 50 syngeneic islets remained hyperglycemic. However, hyperglycemia was ameliorated gradually when 50 islets were co-transplanted with ADSCs but not separately grafted into the contralateral kidney. Insulin and proinsulin contents of 120-day grafts containing 50 islets co-transplanted with ADSCs were significantly increased compared with those of 50 isolated islets. The Ki67-positive ratios in islets of the naïve pancreas, at 30 and 120 days grafts were 0.23%, 2.12%, and 1.52%, respectively. Ki67-positive cells were predominantly Pdx1+ and insulin+ cells. These results demonstrate that co-transplantation with ADSCs induces proliferation of transplanted islets in mice, suggesting a potential solution for the low efficiency of islet transplantation.
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31
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Rezanejad H, Ouziel-Yahalom L, Keyzer CA, Sullivan BA, Hollister-Lock J, Li WC, Guo L, Deng S, Lei J, Markmann J, Bonner-Weir S. Heterogeneity of SOX9 and HNF1β in Pancreatic Ducts Is Dynamic. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:725-738. [PMID: 29478894 PMCID: PMC5918495 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic duct epithelial cells have been suggested as a source of progenitors for pancreatic growth and regeneration. However, genetic lineage-tracing experiments with pancreatic duct-specific Cre expression have given conflicting results. Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, we show heterogeneous expression of both HNF1β and SOX9 in adult human and murine ductal epithelium. Their expression was dynamic and diminished significantly after induced replication. Purified pancreatic duct cells formed organoid structures in 3D culture, and heterogeneity of expression of Hnf1β and Sox9 was maintained even after passaging. Using antibodies against a second cell surface molecule CD51 (human) or CD24 (mouse), we could isolate living subpopulations of duct cells enriched for high or low expression of HNF1β and SOX9. Only the CD24high (Hnfβhigh/Sox9high) subpopulation was able to form organoids. HNF1β and SOX9 are differentially expressed across the pancreatic ductal tree Their expression was dynamic and diminished significantly after replication Live subpopulations can be isolated using CD51 (human) and CD24 (mouse). Only the CD24high (Hnfβhigh/Sox9high) subpopulation was able to form organoids
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Rezanejad
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Limor Ouziel-Yahalom
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Charlotte A Keyzer
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brooke A Sullivan
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer Hollister-Lock
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wan-Chun Li
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lili Guo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shaopeng Deng
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Ji Lei
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | - James Markmann
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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32
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Cito M, Pellegrini S, Piemonti L, Sordi V. The potential and challenges of alternative sources of β cells for the cure of type 1 diabetes. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R114-R125. [PMID: 29555660 PMCID: PMC5861368 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The experience in the field of islet transplantation shows that it is possible to replace β cells in a patient with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but this cell therapy is limited by the scarcity of organ donors and by the danger associated to the immunosuppressive drugs. Stem cell therapy is becoming a concrete opportunity to treat various diseases. In particular, for a disease like T1D, caused by the loss of a single specific cell type that does not need to be transplanted back in its originating site to perform its function, a stem cell-based cell replacement therapy seems to be the ideal cure. New and infinite sources of β cells are strongly required. In this review, we make an overview of the most promising and advanced β cell production strategies. Particular hope is placed in pluripotent stem cells (PSC), both embryonic (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The first phase 1/2 clinical trials with ESC-derived pancreatic progenitor cells are ongoing in the United States and Canada, but a successful strategy for the use of PSC in patients with diabetes has still to overcome several important hurdles. Another promising strategy of generation of new β cells is the transdifferentiation of adult cells, both intra-pancreatic, such as alpha, exocrine and ductal cells or extra-pancreatic, in particular liver cells. Finally, new advances in gene editing technologies have given impetus to research on the production of human organs in chimeric animals and on in situ reprogramming of adult cells through in vivo target gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monia Cito
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pellegrini
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research InstituteIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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33
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Wang Y, Dorrell C, Naugler WE, Heskett M, Spellman P, Li B, Galivo F, Haft A, Wakefield L, Grompe M. Long-Term Correction of Diabetes in Mice by In Vivo Reprogramming of Pancreatic Ducts. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1327-1342. [PMID: 29550076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct lineage reprogramming can convert readily available cells in the body into desired cell types for cell replacement therapy. This is usually achieved through forced activation or repression of lineage-defining factors or pathways. In particular, reprogramming toward the pancreatic β cell fate has been of great interest in the search for new diabetes therapies. It has been suggested that cells from various endodermal lineages can be converted to β-like cells. However, it is unclear how closely induced cells resemble endogenous pancreatic β cells and whether different cell types have the same reprogramming potential. Here, we report in vivo reprogramming of pancreatic ductal cells through intra-ductal delivery of an adenoviral vector expressing the transcription factors Pdx1, Neurog3, and Mafa. Induced β-like cells are mono-hormonal, express genes essential for β cell function, and correct hyperglycemia in both chemically and genetically induced diabetes models. Compared with intrahepatic ducts and hepatocytes treated with the same vector, pancreatic ducts demonstrated more rapid activation of β cell transcripts and repression of donor cell markers. This approach could be readily adapted to humans through a commonly performed procedure, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and provides potential for cell replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Wang
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Craig Dorrell
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Willscott E Naugler
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael Heskett
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paul Spellman
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; CEDAR Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Feorillo Galivo
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Annelise Haft
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Leslie Wakefield
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Markus Grompe
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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34
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Aguayo-Mazzucato C, Bonner-Weir S. Pancreatic β Cell Regeneration as a Possible Therapy for Diabetes. Cell Metab 2018; 27:57-67. [PMID: 28889951 PMCID: PMC5762410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is the result of having inadequate supply of functional insulin-producing β cells. Two possible approaches for replenishing the β cells are: (1) replacement by transplanting cadaveric islets or β cells derived from human embryonic stem cells/induced pluripotent stem cells and (2) induction of endogenous regeneration. This review focuses on endogenous regeneration, which can follow two pathways: enhanced replication of existing β cells and formation of new β cells from cells not expressing insulin, either by conversion from a differentiated cell type (transdifferentiation) or differentiation from progenitors (neogenesis). Exciting progress on both pathways suggest that regeneration may have therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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35
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Socorro M, Criscimanna A, Riva P, Tandon M, Prasadan K, Guo P, Humar A, Husain SZ, Leach SD, Gittes GK, Esni F. Identification of Newly Committed Pancreatic Cells in the Adult Mouse Pancreas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17539. [PMID: 29235528 PMCID: PMC5727523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent epithelial cells with high Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity have been previously reported to exist in the adult pancreas. However, whether they represent true progenitor cells remains controversial. In this study, we isolated and characterized cells with ALDH activity in the adult mouse or human pancreas during physiological conditions or injury. We found that cells with ALDH activity are abundant in the mouse pancreas during early postnatal growth, pregnancy, and in mouse models of pancreatitis and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Importantly, a similar population of cells is found abundantly in healthy children, or in patients with pancreatitis or T1D. We further demonstrate that cells with ALDH activity can commit to either endocrine or acinar lineages, and can be divided into four sub-populations based on CD90 and Ecadherin expression. Finally, our in vitro and in vivo studies show that the progeny of ALDH1+/CD90−/Ecad− cells residing in the adult mouse pancreas have the ability to initiate Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox (Pdx1) expression for the first time. In summary, we provide evidence for the existence of a sortable population of multipotent non-epithelial cells in the adult pancreas that can commit to the pancreatic lineage following proliferation and mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairobys Socorro
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA
| | - Angela Criscimanna
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA
| | - Patricia Riva
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA
| | - Manuj Tandon
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA
| | - Krishna Prasadan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA
| | - Ping Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1881 East Road, 3SCR6.4621, Houston, Texas, 77054, USA
| | - Abhinav Humar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA
| | - Steven D Leach
- Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - George K Gittes
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA.,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA
| | - Farzad Esni
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA. .,Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Rangos Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA. .,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15244, USA. .,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 15123, USA.
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36
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Demcollari TI, Cujba AM, Sancho R. Phenotypic plasticity in the pancreas: new triggers, new players. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 49:38-46. [PMID: 29227863 PMCID: PMC6277812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas has a very limited regenerative potential during homeostasis. Despite its quiescent nature, recent in vivo models suggest a certain degree of regeneration and cellular interconversion is possible within the adult pancreas. It has now become evident that cellular plasticity can be observed in essentially all cell types within the pancreas when provided with the right stress stimuli. In this review, we will focus on the latest findings uncovering phenotypic plasticity of different cell types in the pancreas, the molecular mechanisms behind such plasticity and how plasticity associated with pancreatic or non-pancreatic cells could be harnessed in the generation of new insulin-producing beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoni Ingrid Demcollari
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ana-Maria Cujba
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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37
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Abstract
The pancreas is a complex organ with exocrine and endocrine components. Many pathologies impair exocrine function, including chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Conversely, when the endocrine pancreas fails to secrete sufficient insulin, patients develop diabetes mellitus. Pathology in either the endocrine or exocrine pancreas results in devastating economic and personal consequences. The current standard therapy for treating patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is daily exogenous insulin injections, but cell sources of insulin provide superior glycaemic regulation and research is now focused on the goal of regenerating or replacing β cells. Stem-cell-based models might be useful to study exocrine pancreatic disorders, and mesenchymal stem cells or secreted factors might delay disease progression. Although the standards that bioengineered cells must meet before being considered as a viable therapy are not yet established, any potential therapy must be acceptably safe and functionally superior to current therapies. Here, we describe progress and challenges in cell-based methods to restore pancreatic function, with a focus on optimizing the site for cell delivery and decreasing requirements for immunosuppression through encapsulation. We also discuss the tools and strategies being used to generate exocrine pancreas and insulin-producing β-cell surrogates in situ and highlight obstacles to clinical application.
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38
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MRI tracking of autologous pancreatic progenitor-derived insulin-producing cells in monkeys. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2505. [PMID: 28566744 PMCID: PMC5451407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) derived from a patient’s own stem cells offer great potential for autologous transplantation in diabetic patients. However, the limited survival of engrafted cells remains a bottleneck in the application of this strategy. The present study aimed to investigate whether nanoparticle-based magnetic resonance (MR) tracking can be used to detect the loss of grafted stem cell-derived IPCs in a sensitive and timely manner in a diabetic monkey model. Pancreatic progenitor cells (PPCs) were isolated from diabetic monkeys and labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The SPION-labeled cells presented as hypointense signals on MR imaging (MRI). The labeling procedure did not affect the viability or IPC differentiation of PPCs. Importantly, the total area of the hypointense signal caused by SPION-labeled IPCs on liver MRI decreased before the decline in C-peptide levels after autotransplantation. Histological analysis revealed no detectable immune response to the grafts and many surviving insulin- and Prussian blue-positive cell clusters on liver sections at one year post-transplantation. Collectively, this study demonstrates that SPIO nanoparticles can be used to label stem cells for noninvasive, sensitive, longitudinal monitoring of stem cell-derived IPCs in large animal models using a conventional MR imager.
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Afelik S, Rovira M. Pancreatic β-cell regeneration: advances in understanding the genes and signaling pathways involved. Genome Med 2017; 9:42. [PMID: 28511717 PMCID: PMC5434582 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in β-cell regeneration in vivo are providing insights into the mechanisms involved in the conversion of distinct pancreatic cell lineages into β cells. These mechanisms mostly involve reactivation of the gene encoding the pancreatic endocrine cell-specifying transcription factor neurogenin-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Afelik
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, CSB 920 (Rm 502), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Meritxell Rovira
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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40
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Afelik S, Rovira M. Pancreatic β-cell regeneration: Facultative or dedicated progenitors? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:85-94. [PMID: 27838399 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adult pancreas is only capable of limited regeneration. Unlike highly regenerative tissues such as the skin, intestinal crypts and hematopoietic system, no dedicated adult stem cells or stem cell niche have so far been identified within the adult pancreas. New β cells have been shown to form in the adult pancreas, in response to high physiological demand or experimental β-cell ablation, mostly by replication of existing β cells. The possibility that new β cells are formed from other sources is currently a point of major controversy. Under particular injury conditions, fully differentiated pancreatic duct and acinar cells have been shown to dedifferentiate into a progenitor-like state, however the extent, to which ductal, acinar or other endocrine cells contribute to restoring pancreatic β-cell mass remains to be resolved. In this review we focus on regenerative events in the pancreas with emphasis on the restoration of β-cell mass. We present an overview of regenerative responses noted within the different pancreatic lineages, following injury. We also highlight the intrinsic plasticity of the adult pancreas that allows for inter-conversion of fully differentiated pancreatic lineages through manipulation of few genes or growth factors. Taken together, evidence from a number of studies suggest that differentiated pancreatic lineages could act as facultative progenitor cells, but the extent to which these contribute to β-cell regeneration in vivo is still a matter of contention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Afelik
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 South Wood Street, CSB 920 (Rm 502), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Meritxell Rovira
- Genomic Programming of Beta-Cells Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
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41
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Dahan T, Ziv O, Horwitz E, Zemmour H, Lavi J, Swisa A, Leibowitz G, Ashcroft FM, In't Veld P, Glaser B, Dor Y. Pancreatic β-Cells Express the Fetal Islet Hormone Gastrin in Rodent and Human Diabetes. Diabetes 2017; 66:426-436. [PMID: 27864307 PMCID: PMC5248995 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D) was recently proposed to involve dedifferentiation of β-cells and ectopic expression of other islet hormones, including somatostatin and glucagon. Here we show that gastrin, a stomach hormone typically expressed in the pancreas only during embryogenesis, is expressed in islets of diabetic rodents and humans with T2D. Although gastrin in mice is expressed in insulin+ cells, gastrin expression in humans with T2D occurs in both insulin+ and somatostatin+ cells. Genetic lineage tracing in mice indicates that gastrin expression is turned on in a subset of differentiated β-cells after exposure to severe hyperglycemia. Gastrin expression in adult β-cells does not involve the endocrine progenitor cell regulator neurogenin3 but requires membrane depolarization, calcium influx, and calcineurin signaling. In vivo and in vitro experiments show that gastrin expression is rapidly eliminated upon exposure of β-cells to normal glucose levels. These results reveal the fetal hormone gastrin as a novel marker for reversible human β-cell reprogramming in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehila Dahan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Ziv
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Horwitz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hai Zemmour
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Judith Lavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Swisa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Frances M Ashcroft
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, U.K
| | - Peter In't Veld
- Diabetes Research Center, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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42
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Téllez N, Vilaseca M, Martí Y, Pla A, Montanya E. β-Cell dedifferentiation, reduced duct cell plasticity, and impaired β-cell mass regeneration in middle-aged rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E554-63. [PMID: 27406742 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00502.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Limitations in β-cell regeneration potential in middle-aged animals could contribute to the increased risk to develop diabetes associated with aging. We investigated β-cell regeneration of middle-aged Wistar rats in response to two different regenerative stimuli: partial pancreatectomy (Px + V) and gastrin administration (Px + G). Pancreatic remnants were analyzed 3 and 14 days after surgery. β-Cell mass increased in young animals after Px and was further increased after gastrin treatment. In contrast, β-cell mass did not change after Px or after gastrin treatment in middle-aged rats. β-Cell replication and individual β-cell size were similarly increased after Px in young and middle-aged animals, and β-cell apoptosis was not modified. Nuclear immunolocalization of neurog3 or nkx6.1 in regenerative duct cells, markers of duct cell plasticity, was increased in young but not in middle-aged Px rats. The pancreatic progenitor-associated transcription factors neurog3 and sox9 were upregulated in islet β-cells of middle-aged rats and further increased after Px. The percentage of chromogranin A+/hormone islet cells was significantly increased in the pancreases of middle-aged Px rats. In summary, the potential for compensatory β-cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy was retained in middle-aged rats, but β-cell dedifferentiation and impaired duct cell plasticity limited β-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noèlia Téllez
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Vilaseca
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yasmina Martí
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arturo Pla
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Montanya
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, CIBERDEM, Barcelona, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Endocrine Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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43
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Yin C. Molecular mechanisms of Sox transcription factors during the development of liver, bile duct, and pancreas. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:68-78. [PMID: 27552918 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The liver and pancreas are the prime digestive and metabolic organs in the body. After emerging from the neighboring domains of the foregut endoderm, they turn on distinct differentiation and morphogenesis programs that are regulated by hierarchies of transcription factors. Members of SOX family of transcription factors are expressed in the liver and pancreas throughout development and act upstream of other organ-specific transcription factors. They play key roles in maintaining stem cells and progenitors. They are also master regulators of cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of SOX transcription factors in mediating liver and pancreas development. We discuss their contribution to adult organ function, homeostasis and injury responses. We also speculate how the knowledge of SOX transcription factors can be applied to improve therapies for liver diseases and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Yin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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44
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Corritore E, Lee YS, Sokal EM, Lysy PA. β-cell replacement sources for type 1 diabetes: a focus on pancreatic ductal cells. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2016; 7:182-99. [PMID: 27540464 PMCID: PMC4973405 DOI: 10.1177/2042018816652059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thorough research on the capacity of human islet transplantation to cure type 1 diabetes led to the achievement of 3- to 5-year-long insulin independence in nearly half of transplanted patients. Yet, translation of this technique to clinical routine is limited by organ shortage and the need for long-term immunosuppression, restricting its use to adults with unstable disease. The production of new bona fide β cells in vitro was thus investigated and finally achieved with human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Besides ethical concerns about the use of human embryos, studies are now evaluating the possibility of circumventing the spontaneous tumor formation associated with transplantation of PSCs. These issues fueled the search for cell candidates for β-cell engineering with safe profiles for clinical translation. In vivo studies revealed the regeneration capacity of the exocrine pancreas after injury that depends at least partially on facultative progenitors in the ductal compartment. These stimulated subpopulations of pancreatic ductal cells (PDCs) underwent β-cell transdifferentiation through reactivation of embryonic signaling pathways. In vitro models for expansion and differentiation of purified PDCs toward insulin-producing cells were described using cocktails of growth factors, extracellular-matrix proteins and transcription factor overexpression. In this review, we will describe the latest findings in pancreatic β-cell mass regeneration due to adult ductal progenitor cells. We will further describe recent advances in human PDC transdifferentiation to insulin-producing cells with potential for clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Corritore
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yong-Syu Lee
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne M. Sokal
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pediatric Research Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Abstract
After birth the endocrine pancreas continues its development, a complex process that involves both the maturation of islet cells and a marked expansion of their numbers. New beta cells are formed both by duplication of pre-existing cells and by new differentiation (neogenesis) across the first postnatal weeks, with the result of beta cells of different stages of maturation even after weaning. Improving our understanding of this period of beta cell expansion could provide valuable therapeutic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Bonner-Weir
- CONTACT Susan Bonner-Weir Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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46
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Beer RL, Parsons MJ, Rovira M. Centroacinar cells: At the center of pancreas regeneration. Dev Biol 2016; 413:8-15. [PMID: 26963675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The process of regeneration serves to heal injury by replacing missing cells. Understanding regeneration can help us replace cell populations lost during disease, such as the insulin-producing β cells lost in diabetic patients. Centroacinar cells (CACs) are a specialized ductal pancreatic cell type that act as progenitors to replace β cells in the zebrafish. However, whether CACs contribute to β-cell regeneration in adult mammals remains controversial. Here we review the current understanding of the role of CACs as endocrine progenitors during regeneration in zebrafish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Beer
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Michael J Parsons
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Meritxell Rovira
- Genomic Programming of Beta-Cells Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
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