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Brunner S, Höring M, Liebisch G, Schweizer S, Scheiber J, Giansanti P, Hidrobo M, Hermeling S, Oeckl J, Prudente de Mello N, Perocchi F, Seeliger C, Strohmeyer A, Klingenspor M, Plagge J, Küster B, Burkhardt R, Janssen KP, Ecker J. Mitochondrial lipidomes are tissue specific - low cholesterol contents relate to UCP1 activity. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402828. [PMID: 38843936 PMCID: PMC11157264 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid composition is conserved within sub-cellular compartments to maintain cell function. Lipidomic analyses of liver, muscle, white and brown adipose tissue (BAT) mitochondria revealed substantial differences in their glycerophospholipid (GPL) and free cholesterol (FC) contents. The GPL to FC ratio was 50-fold higher in brown than white adipose tissue mitochondria. Their purity was verified by comparison of proteomes with ER and mitochondria-associated membranes. A lipid signature containing PC and FC, calculated from the lipidomic profiles, allowed differentiation of mitochondria from BAT of mice housed at different temperatures. Elevating FC in BAT mitochondria prevented uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 function, whereas increasing GPL boosted it. Similarly, STARD3 overexpression facilitating mitochondrial FC import inhibited UCP1 function in primary brown adipocytes, whereas a knockdown promoted it. We conclude that the mitochondrial GPL/FC ratio is key for BAT function and propose that targeting it might be a promising strategy to promote UCP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brunner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Schweizer
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Piero Giansanti
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry at the University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Hidrobo
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sven Hermeling
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Oeckl
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Natalia Prudente de Mello
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and German National Diabetes Center (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabiana Perocchi
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München and German National Diabetes Center (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Akim Strohmeyer
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Plagge
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Küster
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany
| | - Josef Ecker
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- https://ror.org/02kkvpp62 ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Research Group Lipid Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Li M, Xing X, Yuan J, Zeng Z. Research progress on the regulatory role of cell membrane surface tension in cell behavior. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29923. [PMID: 38720730 PMCID: PMC11076917 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane surface tension has emerged as a pivotal biophysical factor governing cell behavior and fate. This review systematically delineates recent advances in techniques for cell membrane surface tension quantification, mechanosensing mechanisms, and regulatory roles of cell membrane surface tension in modulating major cellular processes. Micropipette aspiration, tether pulling, and newly developed fluorescent probes enable the measurement of cell membrane surface tension with spatiotemporal precision. Cells perceive cell membrane surface tension via conduits including mechanosensitive ion channels, curvature-sensing proteins (e.g. BAR domain proteins), and cortex-membrane attachment proteins (e.g. ERM proteins). Through membrane receptors like integrins, cells convert mechanical cues into biochemical signals. This conversion triggers cytoskeletal remodeling and extracellular matrix interactions in response to environmental changes. Elevated cell membrane surface tension suppresses cell spreading, migration, and endocytosis while facilitating exocytosis. Moreover, reduced cell membrane surface tension promotes embryonic stem cell differentiation and cancer cell invasion, underscoring cell membrane surface tension as a regulator of cell plasticity. Outstanding questions remain regarding cell membrane surface tension regulatory mechanisms and roles in tissue development/disease in vivo. Emerging tools to manipulate cell membrane surface tension with high spatiotemporal control in combination with omics approaches will facilitate the elucidation of cell membrane surface tension-mediated effects on signaling networks across various cell types/states. This will accelerate the development of cell membrane surface tension-based biomarkers and therapeutics for regenerative medicine and cancer. Overall, this review provides critical insights into cell membrane surface tension as a potent orchestrator of cell function, with broader impacts across mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 5180080, China
| | - Xiumei Xing
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 5180080, China
| | - Jianhui Yuan
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518054, China
| | - Zhuoying Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China
- Chemical Analysis & Physical Testing Institute, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Raghunath G, Abbott EH, Marin M, Wu H, Reyes Ballista JM, Brindley MA, Melikyan GB. Disruption of Transmembrane Phosphatidylserine Asymmetry by HIV-1 Incorporated SERINC5 Is Not Responsible for Virus Restriction. Biomolecules 2024; 14:570. [PMID: 38785977 PMCID: PMC11118262 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Host restriction factor SERINC5 (SER5) incorporates into the HIV-1 membrane and inhibits infectivity by a poorly understood mechanism. Recently, SER5 was found to exhibit scramblase-like activity leading to the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the viral surface, which has been proposed to be responsible for SER5's antiviral activity. This and other reports that document modulation of HIV-1 infectivity by viral lipid composition prompted us to investigate the role of PS in regulating SER5-mediated HIV-1 restriction. First, we show that the level of SER5 incorporation into virions correlates with an increase in PS levels in the outer leaflet of the viral membrane. We developed an assay to estimate the PS distribution across the viral membrane and found that SER5, but not SER2, which lacks antiviral activity, abrogates PS asymmetry by externalizing this lipid. Second, SER5 incorporation diminished the infectivity of pseudoviruses produced from cells lacking a flippase subunit CDC50a and, therefore, exhibited a higher baseline level of surface-accessible PS. Finally, exogenous manipulation of the viral PS levels utilizing methyl-alpha-cyclodextrin revealed a lack of correlation between external PS and virion infectivity. Taken together, our study implies that the increased PS exposure to SER5-containing virions itself is not directly linked to HIV-1 restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raghunath
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (G.R.); (M.M.); (H.W.)
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth H. Abbott
- Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mariana Marin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (G.R.); (M.M.); (H.W.)
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (G.R.); (M.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Judith Mary Reyes Ballista
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.M.R.B.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Melinda A. Brindley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (J.M.R.B.); (M.A.B.)
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gregory B. Melikyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (G.R.); (M.M.); (H.W.)
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Tripathy A, Priyadarsinee S, Bag N. Evaluation of functional transbilayer coupling in live cells by controlled lipid exchange and imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Methods Enzymol 2024; 700:1-32. [PMID: 38971596 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Biophysical coupling between the inner and outer leaflets, known as inter-leaflet or transbilayer coupling, is a fundamental organizational principle in the plasma membranes of live mammalian cells. Lipid-based interactions between the two leaflets are proposed to be a primary mechanism underlying transbilayer coupling. However, there are only a few experimental evidence supporting the existence of such interactions in live cells. This is seemingly due to the lack of experimental strategies to perturb the lipid composition in one leaflet and quantitative techniques to evaluate the biophysical properties of the opposite leaflet. The existing strategies often dependent on immobilization and clustering a component in one of the leaflets and technically demanding biophysical tools to evaluate the effects on the opposing leaflet. In the recent years, the London group developed a simple but elegant method, namely methyl-alpha-cyclodextrin catalyzed lipid exchange (LEX), to efficiently exchange outer leaflet lipids with an exogenous lipid of choice. Here, we adopted this method to perturb outer leaflet lipid composition. The corresponding changes in the inner leaflet is evaluated by comparing the diffusion of lipid probes localized in this leaflet in unperturbed and perturbed conditions. We employed highly multiplexed imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (ImFCS), realized in a commercially available or home-built total internal reflection fluorescence microsocope equipped with a fast and sensitive camera, to determine diffusion coefficient of the lipid probes. Using the combination of LEX and ImFCS, we directly demonstrate lipid-based transbilayer coupling that does not require immobilization of membrane components in live mast cells in resting conditions. Overall, we present a relatively straightforward experimental strategy to evaluate transbilayer coupling quantitively in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Tripathy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipti Priyadarsinee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Nirmalya Bag
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India.
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Suresh P, London E. MαCD-based plasma membrane outer leaflet lipid exchange in mammalian cells to study insulin receptor activity. Methods Enzymol 2024; 700:485-507. [PMID: 38971611 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Signaling receptors on the plasma membrane, such as insulin receptor, can have their activity modulated to some extent by their surrounding lipids. Studying the contribution of membrane lipid properties such as presence of ordered lipid domains or bilayer thickness on the activity of receptors has been a challenging objective in living cells. Using methyl-alpha cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange, we are able to alter the lipids of the outer leaflet plasma membrane of mammalian cells to investigate the effect of the properties of the exchanged lipid upon receptor function in live cells. In this article, we describe the technique of lipid exchange in detail and how it can be applied to better understand lipid-mediated regulation of insulin receptor activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavana Suresh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Gutorov R, Katz B, Peters M, Minke B. Membrane lipid modulations by methyl-β-cyclodextrin uncouple the Drosophila light-activated phospholipase C from TRP and TRPL channel gating. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105484. [PMID: 37992804 PMCID: PMC10770611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterols are hydrophobic molecules, known to cluster signaling membrane-proteins in lipid rafts, while methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) has been a major tool for modulating membrane-sterol content for studying its effect on membrane proteins, including the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The Drosophila light-sensitive TRP channels are activated downstream of a G-protein-coupled phospholipase Cβ (PLC) cascade. In phototransduction, PLC is an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) generating diacylglycerol, inositol-tris-phosphate, and protons, leading to TRP and TRP-like (TRPL) channel openings. Here, we studied the effects of MβCD on Drosophila phototransduction using electrophysiology while fluorescently monitoring PIP2 hydrolysis, aiming to examine the effects of sterol modulation on PIP2 hydrolysis and the ensuing light-response in the native system. Incubation of photoreceptor cells with MβCD dramatically reduced the amplitude and kinetics of the TRP/TRPL-mediated light response. MβCD also suppressed PLC-dependent TRP/TRPL constitutive channel activity in the dark induced by mitochondrial uncouplers, but PLC-independent activation of the channels by linoleic acid was not affected. Furthermore, MβCD suppressed a constitutively active TRP mutant-channel, trpP365, suggesting that TRP channel activity is a target of MβCD action. Importantly, whole-cell voltage-clamp measurements from photoreceptors and simultaneously monitored PIP2-hydrolysis by translocation of fluorescently tagged Tubby protein domain, from the plasma membrane to the cytosol, revealed that MβCD virtually abolished the light response when having little effect on the light-activated PLC. Together, MβCD uncoupled TRP/TRPL channel gating from light-activated PLC and PIP2-hydrolysis suggesting the involvement of distinct nanoscopic lipid domains such as lipid rafts and PIP2 clusters in TRP/TRPL channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gutorov
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Katz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maximilian Peters
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Baruch Minke
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Wang R, Shi X, Li C. Insights into the Surface Binding and Structural Interference of Polyphenols with the Membrane Raft Domains in Relation to Their Distinctive Ability to Inhibit Preadipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19845-19855. [PMID: 38050784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols with different structures have shown distinct variations in their ability to inhibit the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. However, the underlying mechanisms for these differences remain unclear. In the present study, the surface binding of polyphenols to different membrane domains was explored using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation (CG-MDs). Subsequently, this surface binding was confirmed in the liposome system by microscale thermophoresis. Additionally, the interference of polyphenols on the membrane raft's structure was studied through atomic force microscopy and high-content screening fluorescence microscopy. The results indicated that polyphenols with a differentiation-inhibitory ability, such as epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG) and epicatechin-3-gallate-(4β → 8, 2β → O → 7)-epicatechin-3-gallate (A-type ECG dimer), exhibited strong binding to ordered domains enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol. This binding led to the structural disruption of membrane rafts by altering their size and shape, with the binding constant of 3.8 μM for ECG and 0.3 μM for A-type ECG dimer, respectively. In contrast, epicatechin (EC) with little differentiation-inhibitory ability had no effects on membrane rafts, and its binding constant with the ordered domain was 380.6 μM. Overall, the surface binding of polyphenols to ordered domains and the resulting disruption of membrane rafts structure might be a fundamental mechanism by which polyphenols inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Costacou T, Vaisar T, Miller RG, Davidson WS, Heinecke JW, Orchard TJ, Bornfeldt KE. HDL Particle Concentration and Size Predict Incident Coronary Artery Disease Events in People with Type 1 Diabetes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.06.23298165. [PMID: 37986833 PMCID: PMC10659494 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.23298165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) negatively correlates with cardiovascular disease risk. Small HDL particles account almost quantitively for CEC, perhaps mediated through efflux of outer leaflet plasma membrane phospholipids by ABCA1. People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) despite normal levels of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). We therefore tested the hypotheses that small HDL particles (HDL-P)-rather than HDL-C levels-predict incident CAD in T1D. Methods Incident CAD (CAD death, myocardial infarction, and/or coronary revascularization) was determined in a cohort of 550 participants with childhood-onset T1D. HDL-P was quantified by calibrated ion mobility analysis. CEC and phospholipid efflux were quantified with validated assays. Results During a median follow-up of 26 years, 36.5% of the participants developed incident CAD. In multivariable Cox models, levels of HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) did not predict CAD risk. In contrast, extra-small HDL particle levels strongly and negatively predicted risk (hazard ratio [HR]=0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.13-0.49). An increased concentration of total HDL particles (T-HDL-P) (HR=0.87, CI=0.82-0.92) and three other HDL sizes were weaker predictors of risk: small HDL (HR=0.80, 0.65-0.98), medium HDL (HR=0.78, CI=0.70-0.87) and large HDL (HR=0.72, CI=0.59-0.89). Although CEC negatively associated with incident CAD, that association disappeared after the model was adjusted for T-HDL-P. Isolated small HDLs strongly promoted ABCA1-dependent efflux of membrane outer leaflet phospholipids. Conclusions Low concentrations of T-HDL-P and all four sizes of HDL subpopulations predicted incident CAD independently of HDL-C, APOA1, and other common CVD risk factors. Extra-small HDL was a much stronger predictor of risk than the other HDLs. Our data are consistent with the proposal that small HDLs play a critical role in cardioprotection in T1D, which might be mediated by macrophage plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipid export and cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Rachel G. Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45237
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Trevor J. Orchard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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Li B, London E. Inner leaflet cationic lipid increases nucleic acid loading independently of outer leaflet lipid charge in asymmetric liposomes. Methods 2023; 219:16-21. [PMID: 37683900 PMCID: PMC10680395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of cationic lipid vesicles (liposomes) can yield large amounts of nucleic acid entrapped inside the vesicles and/or bound to the external surface of the vesicles. To show a method to prepare asymmetric lipid vesicles (liposomes) with high amounts of entrapped nucleic acid is possible, symmetric and asymmetric lipid vesicles composed of mixtures of neutral (zwitterionic), anionic, and/or cationic phospholipids were formed in the presence of oligo DNA. For symmetric large unilamellar vesicles nucleic acid association with vesicles was roughly 100 times greater for vesicles with a net cationic charge than for vesicles having a net neutral or anionic net charge. A high degree of association between nucleic acid and lipid was also achieved using asymmetric large unilamellar vesicles with a net cationic charge in their inner leaflet, even when they had an anionic charge in their outer leaflet. In contrast, asymmetric vesicles in which only the outer leaflet had a net cationic charge had only low amounts of vesicle-associated nucleic acid, similar in amount to the amount of nucleic acid associated with asymmetric vesicles with an outer leaflet having a net anionic charge. These results indicate that in asymmetric vesicles with cationic lipid enriched inner leaflets nucleic acid is largely entrapped inside the vesicle lumen rather than bound to their external surface, and that asymmetric vesicles can be used to trap high amounts of nucleic acid even when using a lipid composition in the outer leaflet of a lipid vesicle that does not associate with nucleic acids. Such asymmetrically charged vesicles should have applications in studies of membrane protein-nucleic acid interactions as well as in studies of how membrane charge asymmetry can influence membrane protein structure, orientation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Li
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
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Ali O, Szabó A. Review of Eukaryote Cellular Membrane Lipid Composition, with Special Attention to the Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15693. [PMID: 37958678 PMCID: PMC10649022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, primarily composed of lipids, envelop each living cell. The intricate composition and organization of membrane lipids, including the variety of fatty acids they encompass, serve a dynamic role in sustaining cellular structural integrity and functionality. Typically, modifications in lipid composition coincide with consequential alterations in universally significant signaling pathways. Exploring the various fatty acids, which serve as the foundational building blocks of membrane lipids, provides crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms governing a myriad of cellular processes, such as membrane fluidity, protein trafficking, signal transduction, intercellular communication, and the etiology of certain metabolic disorders. Furthermore, comprehending how alterations in the lipid composition, especially concerning the fatty acid profile, either contribute to or prevent the onset of pathological conditions stands as a compelling area of research. Hence, this review aims to meticulously introduce the intricacies of membrane lipids and their constituent fatty acids in a healthy organism, thereby illuminating their remarkable diversity and profound influence on cellular function. Furthermore, this review aspires to highlight some potential therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions that may be ameliorated through dietary fatty acid supplements. The initial section of this review expounds on the eukaryotic biomembranes and their complex lipids. Subsequent sections provide insights into the synthesis, membrane incorporation, and distribution of fatty acids across various fractions of membrane lipids. The last section highlights the functional significance of membrane-associated fatty acids and their innate capacity to shape the various cellular physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeralfaroug Ali
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - András Szabó
- Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Physiology and Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
- HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Str. 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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Yang GS, Wagenknecht-Wiesner A, Yin B, Suresh P, London E, Baird BA, Bag N. Lipid-driven interleaflet coupling of plasma membrane order regulates FcεRI signaling in mast cells. Biophys J 2023:S0006-3495(23)00478-2. [PMID: 37533258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleaflet coupling-the influence of one leaflet on the properties of the opposing leaflet-is a fundamental plasma membrane organizational principle. This coupling is proposed to participate in maintaining steady-state biophysical properties of the plasma membrane, which in turn regulates some transmembrane signaling processes. A prominent example is antigen (Ag) stimulation of signaling by clustering transmembrane receptors for immunoglobulin E (IgE), FcεRI. This transmembrane signaling depends on the stabilization of ordered regions in the inner leaflet for sorting of intracellular signaling components. The resting inner leaflet has a lipid composition that is generally less ordered than the outer leaflet and that does not spontaneously phase separate in model membranes. We propose that interleaflet coupling can mediate ordering and disordering of the inner leaflet, which is poised in resting cells to reorganize upon stimulation. To test this in live cells, we first established a straightforward approach to evaluate induced changes in membrane order by measuring inner leaflet diffusion of lipid probes by imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, by imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (ImFCS), before and after methyl-α-cyclodexrin (mαCD)-catalyzed exchange of outer leaflet lipids (LEX) with exogenous order- or disorder-promoting phospholipids. We examined the functional impact of LEX by monitoring two Ag-stimulated responses: recruitment of cytoplasmic Syk kinase to the inner leaflet and exocytosis of secretory granules (degranulation). Based on the ImFCS data in resting cells, we observed global increase or decrease of inner leaflet order when outer leaflet is exchanged with order- or disorder-promoting lipids, respectively. We find that the degree of both stimulated Syk recruitment and degranulation correlates positively with LEX-mediated changes of inner leaflet order in resting cells. Overall, our results show that resting-state lipid ordering of the outer leaflet influences the ordering of the inner leaflet, likely via interleaflet coupling. This imposed lipid reorganization modulates transmembrane signaling stimulated by Ag clustering of IgE-FcεRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Suk Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Boyu Yin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Pavana Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Barbara A Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Nirmalya Bag
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India.
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Pham TT, Le AH, Dang CP, Chong SY, Do DV, Peng B, Jayasinghe MK, Ong HB, Hoang DV, Louise RA, Loh Y, Hou HW, Wang J, Le MTN. Endocytosis of red blood cell extracellular vesicles by macrophages leads to cytoplasmic heme release and prevents foam cell formation in atherosclerosis. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12354. [PMID: 37553837 PMCID: PMC10410060 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be produced from red blood cells (RBCs) on a large scale and used to deliver therapeutic payloads efficiently. However, not much is known about the native biological properties of RBCEVs. Here, we demonstrate that RBCEVs are primarily taken up by macrophages and monocytes. This uptake is an active process, mediated mainly by endocytosis. Incubation of CD14+ monocytes with RBCEVs induces their differentiation into macrophages with an Mheme-like phenotype, characterized by upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG1. Moreover, macrophages that take up RBCEVs exhibit a reduction in surface CD86 and decreased secretion of TNF-α under inflammatory stimulation. The upregulation of HO-1 is attributed to heme derived from haemoglobin in RBCEVs. Heme is released from internalized RBCEVs in late endosomes and lysosomes via the heme transporter, HRG1. Consequently, RBCEVs exhibit the ability to attenuate foam cell formation from oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL)-treated macrophages in vitro and reduce atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE knockout mice on a high-fat diet. In summary, our study reveals the uptake mechanism of RBCEVs and their delivery of heme to macrophages, suggesting the potential application of RBCEVs in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thach Tuan Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Anh Hong Le
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Cong Phi Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Dang Vinh Do
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Boya Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Migara Kavishka Jayasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Hong Boon Ong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Dong Van Hoang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Roma Anne Louise
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yuin‐Han Loh
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologySingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Jiong‐Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Minh TN Le
- Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Digital Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologySingaporeSingapore
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13
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Tsuchiya M, Tachibana N, Nagao K, Tamura T, Hamachi I. Organelle-selective click labeling coupled with flow cytometry allows pooled CRISPR screening of genes involved in phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Cell Metab 2023:S1550-4131(23)00050-5. [PMID: 36917984 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Cellular lipid synthesis and transport are governed by intricate protein networks. Although genetic screening should contribute to deciphering the regulatory networks of lipid metabolism, technical challenges remain-especially for high-throughput readouts of lipid phenotypes. Here, we coupled organelle-selective click labeling of phosphatidylcholine (PC) with flow cytometry-based CRISPR screening technologies to convert organellar PC phenotypes into a simple fluorescence readout for genome-wide screening. This technique, named O-ClickFC, was successfully applied in genome-scale CRISPR-knockout screens to identify previously reported genes associated with PC synthesis (PCYT1A, ACACA), vesicular membrane trafficking (SEC23B, RAB5C), and non-vesicular transport (PITPNB, STARD7). Moreover, we revealed previously uncharacterized roles of FLVCR1 as a choline uptake facilitator, CHEK1 as a post-translational regulator of the PC-synthetic pathway, and CDC50A as responsible for the translocation of PC to the outside of the plasma membrane bilayer. These findings demonstrate the versatility of O-ClickFC as an unprecedented platform for genetic dissection of cellular lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Tsuchiya
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; PRESTO (Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology), JST, Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Tachibana
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; PRESTO (Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology), JST, Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Kohjiro Nagao
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan; ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology), JST, Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
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14
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Adélaïde M, Salnikov E, Ramos-Martín F, Aisenbrey C, Sarazin C, Bechinger B, D’Amelio N. The Mechanism of Action of SAAP-148 Antimicrobial Peptide as Studied with NMR and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030761. [PMID: 36986623 PMCID: PMC10051583 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: SAAP-148 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from LL-37. It exhibits excellent activity against drug-resistant bacteria and biofilms while resisting degradation in physiological conditions. Despite its optimal pharmacological properties, its mechanism of action at the molecular level has not been explored. Methods: The structural properties of SAAP-148 and its interaction with phospholipid membranes mimicking mammalian and bacterial cells were studied using liquid and solid-state NMR spectroscopy as well as molecular dynamics simulations. Results: SAAP-148 is partially structured in solution and stabilizes its helical conformation when interacting with DPC micelles. The orientation of the helix within the micelles was defined by paramagnetic relaxation enhancements and found similar to that obtained using solid-state NMR, where the tilt and pitch angles were determined based on 15N chemical shift in oriented models of bacterial membranes (POPE/POPG). Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that SAAP-148 approaches the bacterial membrane by forming salt bridges between lysine and arginine residues and lipid phosphate groups while interacting minimally with mammalian models containing POPC and cholesterol. Conclusions: SAAP-148 stabilizes its helical fold onto bacterial-like membranes, placing its helix axis almost perpendicular to the surface normal, thus probably acting by a carpet-like mechanism on the bacterial membrane rather than forming well-defined pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Adélaïde
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Evgeniy Salnikov
- Institut de Chimie, UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
- Correspondence: (F.R.-M.); (N.D.); Tel.: +33-3-22-82-74-73 (F.R.-M. & N.D.)
| | - Christopher Aisenbrey
- Institut de Chimie, UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Sarazin
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- Institut de Chimie, UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicola D’Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France
- Correspondence: (F.R.-M.); (N.D.); Tel.: +33-3-22-82-74-73 (F.R.-M. & N.D.)
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15
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Huang Y, Karsai A, Sambre PD, Su WC, Faller R, Parikh AN, Liu GY. Production of Lipid Constructs by Design via Three-Dimensional Nanoprinting. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:372. [PMID: 36838072 PMCID: PMC9963025 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in conjunction with microfluidic delivery was utilized to produce three-dimensional (3D) lipid structures following a custom design. While AFM is well-known for its spatial precision in imaging and 2D nanolithography, the development of AFM-based nanotechnology into 3D nanoprinting requires overcoming the technical challenges of controlling material delivery and interlayer registry. This work demonstrates the concept of 3D nanoprinting of amphiphilic molecules such as 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC). Various formulations of POPC solutions were tested to achieve point, line, and layer-by-layer material delivery. The produced structures include nanometer-thick disks, long linear spherical caps, stacking grids, and organizational chiral architectures. The POPC molecules formed stacking bilayers in these constructions, as revealed by high-resolution structural characterizations. The 3D printing reached nanometer spatial precision over a range of 0.5 mm. The outcomes reveal the promising potential of our designed technology and methodology in the production of 3D structures from nanometer to continuum, opening opportunities in biomaterial sciences and engineering, such as in the production of 3D nanodevices, chiral nanosensors, and scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Arpad Karsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pallavi D. Sambre
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wan-Chih Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Atul N. Parikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gang-yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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Pašalić L, Pem B, Bakarić D. Lamellarity-Driven Differences in Surface Structural Features of DPPS Lipids: Spectroscopic, Calorimetric and Computational Study. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:83. [PMID: 36676890 PMCID: PMC9865892 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although single-lipid bilayers are usually considered models of eukaryotic plasma membranes, their research drops drastically when it comes to exclusively anionic lipid membranes. Being a major anionic phospholipid in the inner leaflet of eukaryote membranes, phosphatidylserine-constituted lipid membranes were occasionally explored in the form of multilamellar liposomes (MLV), but their inherent instability caused a serious lack of efforts undertaken on large unilamellar liposomes (LUVs) as more realistic model membrane systems. In order to compensate the existing shortcomings, we performed a comprehensive calorimetric, spectroscopic and MD simulation study of time-varying structural features of LUV made from 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine (DPPS), whereas the corresponding MLV were examined as a reference. A substantial uncertainty of UV/Vis data of LUV from which only Tm was unambiguously determined (53.9 ± 0.8 °C), along with rather high uncertainty on the high-temperature range of DPPS melting profile obtained from DSC (≈50-59 °C), presumably reflect distinguished surface structural features in LUV. The FTIR signatures of glycerol moiety and those originated from carboxyl group serve as a strong support that in LUV, unlike in MLV, highly curved surfaces occur continuously, whereas the details on the attenuation of surface features in MLV were unraveled by molecular dynamics.
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17
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Ramos-Martín F, Herrera-León C, D'Amelio N. Bombyx mori Cecropin D could trigger cancer cell apoptosis by interacting with mitochondrial cardiolipin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:184003. [PMID: 35850261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cecropin D is an antimicrobial peptide from Bombyx mori displaying anticancer and pro-apoptotic activities and, together with Cecropin XJ and Cecropin A, one of the very few peptides targeting esophageal cancer. Cecropin D displays poor similarity to other cecropins but a remarkable similarity in the structure and activity spectrum with Cecropin A and Cecropin XJ, offering the possibility to highlight key motifs at the base of the biological activity. In this work we show by NMR and MD simulations that Cecropin D is partially structured in solution and stabilizes its two-helix folding upon interaction with biomimetic membranes. Simulations show that Cecropin D strongly interacts with the surface of cancer cell biomimetic bilayers where it recognises the phosphatidylserine headgroup often exposed in the outer leaflet of cancerous cells by means of specific salt bridges. Cecropin D is also able to penetrate deeply in bilayers containing cardiolipin, a phospholipid found in mitochondria, causing significant destabilization in the lipid packing which might account for its pro-apoptotic activity. In bacterial membranes, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine act synergically by electrostatically attracting cecropin D and providing access to the membrane core, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ramos-Martín
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80039, France.
| | - Claudia Herrera-León
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80039, France
| | - Nicola D'Amelio
- Unité de Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire UMR 7025 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens 80039, France.
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18
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Targeting Ceramides and Adiponectin Receptors in the Islet of Langerhans for Treating Diabetes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186117. [PMID: 36144859 PMCID: PMC9502927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides belong to the sphingolipid family and represent the central hub of the sphingolipid network. In obesity, oversupply of saturated fatty acids including palmitate raises ceramide levels which can be detrimental to cells. Elevated ceramides can cause insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Studies over the last few decades have highlighted the role played by ceramides in pancreatic islet β-cell apoptosis, especially under glucolipotoxic and inflammatory conditions. This review focuses on ceramides and adiponectin receptor signaling, summarizing recent advancements in our understanding of their roles in islet β-cells and the discovery of zinc-dependent lipid hydrolase (ceramidase) activity of adiponectin receptors. The therapeutic potential of targeting these events to prevent islet β-cell loss for treating diabetes is discussed.
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19
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London E. Ordered Domain (Raft) Formation in Asymmetric Vesicles and Its Induction upon Loss of Lipid Asymmetry in Artificial and Natural Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:870. [PMID: 36135889 PMCID: PMC9503047 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid asymmetry, the difference in the lipid composition in the inner and outer lipid monolayers (leaflets) of a membrane, is an important feature of eukaryotic plasma membranes. Investigation of the biophysical consequences of lipid asymmetry has been aided by advances in the ability to prepare artificial asymmetric membranes, especially by use of cyclodextrin-catalyzed lipid exchange. This review summarizes recent studies with artificial asymmetric membranes which have identified conditions in which asymmetry can induce or suppress the ability of membranes to form ordered domains (rafts). A consequence of the latter effect is that, under some conditions, a loss of asymmetry can induce ordered domain formation. An analogous study in plasma membrane vesicles has demonstrated that asymmetry can also suppress domain formation in natural membranes. Thus, it is possible that a loss of asymmetry can induce domain formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
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20
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Wang R, Zhu W, Dang M, Deng X, Shi X, Zhang Y, Li K, Li C. Targeting Lipid Rafts as a Rapid Screening Strategy for Potential Antiadipogenic Polyphenols along with the Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanism Elucidation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3872-3885. [PMID: 35302782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health problem that endangers human health, and a rapid search for compounds with antiadipogenic activity could provide solutions to overcome this problem. Polyphenols are potential antiadipogenic compounds, but the screening strategy, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and elucidation of their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood because of the high diversity of polyphenols. Lipid rafts, enriched with sphingolipids and cholesterol, are considered a potential target of polyphenols for the regulation of cellular processes and diseases. Here, a novel rapid screening active polyphenol strategy that targets the lipid rafts using molecular dynamic simulation was developed and validated by 3T3-L1 preadipocyte assay. The screening strategy is high-throughput, inexpensive, reagent-free, and effort saving. In addition, the SAR and mechanisms of action mediating the differentiation-inhibition of the preadipocyte by polyphenols were well elucidated by utilizing multiple technologies, such as "raft-like liposomes" systems, giant plasma membrane vesicles, noninvasive lipid raft probes, and ultrahigh-resolution microscopy. High inhibitory-activity polyphenols could penetrate deeper into the hydrophobic lipid center, in an inverted V-shaped manner or by insertion of galloyl groups into rafts, thus disrupting the ordered domain of lipid rafts. In contrast, the medium and low inhibitory-activity polyphenols could only localize on the surface of lipid rafts, exerting slight and the weakest interference with a lipid raft structure, respectively. The combined use of reliable technologies could yield new knowledge on the SAR and the molecular mechanisms of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, United States
| | - Meizhu Dang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiangyi Deng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xin Shi
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Bag N, London E, Holowka DA, Baird BA. Transbilayer Coupling of Lipids in Cells Investigated by Imaging Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2325-2336. [PMID: 35294838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membranes host numerous receptors, sensors, and ion channels involved in cellular signaling. Phase separation within the plasma membrane has emerged as a key biophysical regulator of signaling reactions in multiple physiological and pathological contexts. There is much evidence that plasma membrane composition supports the coexistence of liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) phases or domains at physiological conditions. However, this phase/domain separation is nanoscopic and transient in live cells. It has been recently proposed that transbilayer coupling between the inner and outer leaflets of the plasma membrane is driven by their asymmetric lipid distribution and by dynamic cytoskeleton-lipid composites that contribute to the formation and transience of Lo/Ld phase separation in live cells. In this Perspective, we highlight new approaches to investigate how transbilayer coupling may influence phase separation. For quantitative evaluation of the impact of these interactions, we introduce an experimental strategy centered around Imaging Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (ImFCS), which measures membrane diffusion with very high precision. To demonstrate this strategy, we choose two well-established model systems for transbilayer interactions: cross-linking by multivalent antigen of immunoglobulin E bound to receptor FcεRI and cross-linking by cholera toxin B of GM1 gangliosides. We discuss emerging methods to systematically perturb membrane lipid composition, particularly exchange of outer leaflet lipids with exogenous lipids using methyl alpha cyclodextrin. These selective perturbations may be quantitatively evaluated with ImFCS and other high-resolution biophysical tools to discover novel principles of lipid-mediated phase separation in live cells in the context of their pathophysiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Bag
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David A Holowka
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Barbara A Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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22
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Need for more focus on lipid species in studies of biological and model membranes. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Nazemidashtarjandi S, Sharma VM, Puri V, Farnoud AM, Burdick MM. Lipid Composition of the Cell Membrane Outer Leaflet Regulates Endocytosis of Nanomaterials through Alterations in Scavenger Receptor Activity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2233-2248. [PMID: 35138811 PMCID: PMC10538024 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the principles that guide the uptake of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) by cells is of interest in biomedical and occupational health research. While evidence has started to accumulate on the role of membrane proteins in ENM uptake, the role of membrane lipid chemistry in regulating ENM endocytosis has remained largely unexplored. Here, we have addressed this issue by altering the plasma membrane lipid composition directly in live cells using a methyl-α-cyclodextrin (MαCD)-catalyzed lipid exchange method. Our observations, in an alveolar epithelial cell line and using silica nanoparticles, reveal that the lipid composition of the plasma membrane outer leaflet plays a significant role in ENM endocytosis and the intracellular fate of ENMs, by affecting nonspecific ENM diffusion into the cell, changing membrane fluidity, and altering the activity of scavenger receptors (SRs) involved in active endocytosis. These results have implications for understanding ENM uptake in different subsets of cells, depending on cell membrane lipid composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nazemidashtarjandi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Vishva M Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Monica M Burdick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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24
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Suresh P, London E. Using cyclodextrin-induced lipid substitution to study membrane lipid and ordered membrane domain (raft) function in cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183774. [PMID: 34534531 PMCID: PMC9128603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Methods for efficient cyclodextrin-induced lipid exchange have been developed in our lab. These make it possible to almost completely replace the lipids in the outer leaflet of artificial membranes or the plasma membranes of living cells with exogenous lipids. Lipid replacement/substitution allows detailed studies of how lipid composition and asymmetry influence the structure and function of membrane domains and membrane proteins. In this review, we both summarize progress on cyclodextrin exchange in cells, mainly by the use of methyl-alpha cyclodextrin to exchange phospholipids and sphingolipids, and discuss the issues to consider when carrying out lipid exchange experiments upon cells. Issues that impact interpretation of lipid exchange are also discussed. This includes how overly naïve interpretation of how lipid exchange-induced changes in domain formation can impact protein function.
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25
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Bryan AM, You JK, Li G, Kim J, Singh A, Morstein J, Trauner D, Pereira de Sá N, Normile TG, Farnoud AM, London E, Del Poeta M. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin are critical for Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans by macrophages. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101411. [PMID: 34793834 PMCID: PMC8661020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in lymphopenic patients. Pulmonary macrophages comprise the first line of host defense upon inhalation of fungal spores by aiding in clearance but can also potentially serve as a niche for their dissemination. Given that macrophages play a key role in the outcome of a cryptococcal infection, it is crucial to understand factors that mediate phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Since lipid rafts (high-order plasma membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin [SM]) have been implicated in facilitating phagocytosis, we evaluated whether these ordered domains govern macrophages' ability to phagocytose C. neoformans. We found that cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in significantly deficient immunoglobulin G (IgG)-mediated phagocytosis of fungus. Moreover, repletion of macrophage cells with a raft-promoting sterol (7-dehydrocholesterol) rescued this phagocytic deficiency, whereas a raft-inhibiting sterol (coprostanol) significantly decreased IgG-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans. Using a photoswitchable SM (AzoSM), we observed that the raft-promoting conformation (trans-AzoSM) resulted in efficient phagocytosis, whereas the raft-inhibiting conformation (cis-AzoSM) significantly but reversibly blunted phagocytosis. We observed that the effect on phagocytosis may be facilitated by Fcγ receptor (FcγR) function, whereby IgG immune complexes crosslink to FcγRIII, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of FcR γ-subunit (FcRγ), an important accessory protein in the FcγR signaling cascade. Correspondingly, cholesterol or SM depletion resulted in decreased FcRγ phosphorylation. Repletion with 7-dehydrocholesterol restored phosphorylation, whereas repletion with coprostanol showed FcRγ phosphorylation comparable to unstimulated cells. Together, these data suggest that lipid rafts are critical for facilitating FcγRIII-mediated phagocytosis of C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle M Bryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jeehyun Karen You
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Guangtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - JiHyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Johannes Morstein
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nívea Pereira de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Tyler G Normile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA.
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26
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Loss of plasma membrane lipid asymmetry can induce ordered domain (raft) formation. J Lipid Res 2021; 63:100155. [PMID: 34843684 PMCID: PMC8953672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In some cases, lipids in one leaflet of an asymmetric artificial lipid vesicle suppress the formation of ordered lipid domains (rafts) in the opposing leaflet. Whether this occurs in natural membranes is unknown. Here, we investigated this issue using plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) from rat leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. Membrane domain formation and order was assessed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence anisotropy. We found that ordered domains in PMVs prepared from cells by N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) treatment formed up to ∼37°C, whereas ordered domains in symmetric vesicles formed from the extracted PMV lipids were stable up to 55°C, indicating the stability of ordered domains was substantially decreased in intact PMVs. This behavior paralleled lesser ordered domain stability in artificial asymmetric lipid vesicles relative to the corresponding symmetric vesicles, suggesting intact PMVs exhibit some degree of lipid asymmetry. This was supported by phosphatidylserine mislocalization on PMV outer leaflets as judged by annexin binding, which indicated NEM-induced PMVs are much more asymmetric than PMVs formed by dithiothreitol/paraformaldehyde treatment. Destroying asymmetry by reconstitution of PMVs using detergent dilution also showed stabilization of domain formation, even though membrane proteins remained associated with reconstituted vesicles. Similar domain stabilization was observed in artificial asymmetric lipid vesicles after destroying asymmetry via detergent reconstitution. Proteinase K digestion of proteins had little effect on domain stability in NEM PMVs. We conclude that loss of PMV lipid asymmetry can induce ordered domain formation. The dynamic control of lipid asymmetry in cells may regulate domain formation in plasma membranes.
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27
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Li MH, Raleigh DP, London E. Preparation of Asymmetric Vesicles with Trapped CsCl Avoids Osmotic Imbalance, Non-Physiological External Solutions, and Minimizes Leakage. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11611-11617. [PMID: 34550698 PMCID: PMC9128599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural asymmetry of cellular membranes influences their properties. In recent years, methodologies for preparing asymmetric vesicles have been developed that rely on cyclodextrin-catalyzed exchange of lipids between donor lipid multilamellar vesicles and acceptor lipid unilamellar vesicles, and the subsequent separation of the, now asymmetric, acceptor vesicles from the donors. Isolation is often accomplished by preloading acceptor vesicles with a high concentration of sucrose, typically 25% (w/w), and separating from donor and cyclodextrin by sucrose gradient centrifugation. We found that when the asymmetric vesicles prepared using methyl-α-cyclodextrin exchange were dispersed under hypotonic conditions using physiological salt solutions, there was enhanced leakage of an entrapped probe, 6-carboxyfluorescein. Studies with symmetric vesicles showed this was due to osmotic pressure and was specific to hypotonic solutions. Inclusion of cholesterol partly reduced leakage but did not completely eliminate it. To avoid having to use hypotonic conditions or to suspend vesicles at nonphysiological solute concentrations to minimize leakage, a method for preparing asymmetric vesicles using acceptor vesicle-entrapped CsCl at a physiological ion concentration (100 mM) was developed. Asymmetric vesicles prepared with the entrapped CsCl protocol were highly resistant to 6-carboxyfluorescein leakage out of the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hao Li
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Daniel P. Raleigh
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Erwin London
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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28
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Canals D, Clarke CJ. Compartmentalization of Sphingolipid metabolism: Implications for signaling and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108005. [PMID: 34582834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are a family of bioactive lipids implicated in a variety of cellular processes, and whose levels are controlled by an interlinked network of enzymes. While the spatial distribution of SL metabolism throughout the cell has been understood for some time, the implications of this for SL signaling and biological outcomes have only recently begun to be fully explored. In this review, we outline the compartmentalization of SL metabolism and describe advances in tools for investigating and probing compartment-specific SL functions. We also briefly discuss the implications of SL compartmentalization for cell signaling and therapeutic approaches to targeting the SL network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine and the Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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29
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Segawa K, Kikuchi A, Noji T, Sugiura Y, Hiraga K, Suzuki C, Haginoya K, Kobayashi Y, Matsunaga M, Ochiai Y, Yamada K, Nishimura T, Iwasawa S, Shoji W, Sugihara F, Nishino K, Kosako H, Ikawa M, Uchiyama Y, Suematsu M, Ishikita H, Kure S, Nagata S. A sublethal ATP11A mutation associated with neurological deterioration causes aberrant phosphatidylcholine flipping in plasma membranes. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e148005. [PMID: 34403372 DOI: 10.1172/jci148005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP11A translocates phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), but not phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), from the outer to the inner leaflet of plasma membranes, thereby maintaining the asymmetric distribution of PtdSer. Here, we detected a de novo heterozygous point mutation of ATP11A in a patient with developmental delays and neurological deterioration. Mice carrying the corresponding mutation died perinatally of neurological disorders. This mutation caused an amino acid substitution (Q84E) in the first transmembrane segment of ATP11A, and mutant ATP11A flipped PtdCho. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the mutation allowed PtdCho binding at the substrate entry site. Aberrant PtdCho flipping markedly decreased the concentration of PtdCho in the outer leaflet of plasma membranes, whereas sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations in the outer leaflet increased. This change in the distribution of phospholipids altered cell characteristics, including cell growth, cholesterol homeostasis, and sensitivity to sphingomyelinase. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) showed a marked increase of SM levels in the brains of Q84E-knockin mouse embryos. These results provide insights into the physiological importance of the substrate specificity of plasma membrane flippases for the proper distribution of PtdCho and SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumori Segawa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Noji
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Hiraga
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chigure Suzuki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and.,Department of Cellular and Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haginoya
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Takuto Rehabilitation Center for Children, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Sendai-Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Matsunaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Ochiai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuo Nishimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Iwasawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Wataru Shoji
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishino
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and.,Department of Cellular and Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, World Premier International Research Center, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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30
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Suresh P, Miller WT, London E. Phospholipid exchange shows insulin receptor activity is supported by both the propensity to form wide bilayers and ordered raft domains. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101010. [PMID: 34324831 PMCID: PMC8379460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor (IR) is a membrane tyrosine kinase that mediates the response of cells to insulin. IR activity has been shown to be modulated by changes in plasma membrane lipid composition, but the properties and structural determinants of lipids mediating IR activity are poorly understood. Here, using efficient methyl-alpha-cyclodextrin mediated lipid exchange, we studied the effect of altering plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipid composition upon the activity of IR in mammalian cells. After substitution of endogenous lipids with lipids having an ability to form liquid ordered (Lo) domains (sphingomyelins) or liquid disordered (Ld) domains (unsaturated phosphatidylcholines (PCs)), we found that the propensity of lipids to form ordered domains is required for high IR activity. Additional substitution experiments using a series of saturated PCs showed that IR activity increased substantially with increasing acyl chain length, which increases both bilayer width and the propensity to form ordered domains. Incorporating purified IR into alkyl maltoside micelles with increasing hydrocarbon lengths also increased IR activity, but more modestly than by increasing lipid acyl chain length in cells. These results suggest that the ability to form Lo domains as well as wide bilayer width contributes to increased IR activity. Inhibition of phosphatases showed that some of the lipid dependence of IR activity upon lipid structure reflected protection from phosphatases by lipids that support Lo domain formation. These results are consistent with a model in which a combination of bilayer width and ordered domain formation modulates IR activity via IR conformation and accessibility to phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavana Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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31
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Inchingolo AD, Dipalma G, Inchingolo AM, Malcangi G, Santacroce L, D’Oria MT, Isacco CG, Bordea IR, Candrea S, Scarano A, Morandi B, Del Fabbro M, Farronato M, Tartaglia GM, Balzanelli MG, Ballini A, Nucci L, Lorusso F, Taschieri S, Inchingolo F. The 15-Months Clinical Experience of SARS-CoV-2: A Literature Review of Therapies and Adjuvants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:881. [PMID: 34072708 PMCID: PMC8226610 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide, with a daily increase in confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. The World Health Organization declared a pandemic on the 11th of March 2020. COVID-19 presents flu-like symptoms that become severe in high-risk medically compromised subjects. The aim of this study was to perform an updated overview of the treatments and adjuvant protocols for COVID-19. METHODS A systematic literature search of databases was performed (MEDLINE PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Embase, and Web of Science) using the keywords: "COVID-19", "2019-nCoV", "coronavirus" and "SARS-CoV-2" (date range: 1 January 2019 to 31st October 2020), focused on clinical features and treatments. RESULTS The main treatments retrieved were antivirals, antimalarials, convalescent plasma, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, anticoagulants, and mesenchymal stem cells. Most of the described treatments may provide benefits to COVID-19 subjects, but no one protocol has definitively proven its efficacy. CONCLUSIONS While many efforts are being spent worldwide in research aimed at identifying early diagnostic methods and evidence-based effective treatments, mass vaccination is thought to be the best option against this disease in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Maria Teresa D’Oria
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
- Research at Human Stem Cells Research Center HSC, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
- Embryology and Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Pham Chau Trinh University of Medicine Hoi An, Hoi An 70000, Vietnam
| | - Ioana Roxana Bordea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sebastian Candrea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pedodontics, County Hospital Cluj-Napoca, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Morandi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry, Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Giosuè Balzanelli
- SET-118, Department of Pre-Hospital and Emergency-San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 74100 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Silvio Taschieri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (B.M.); (M.D.F.); (M.F.); (G.M.T.); (S.T.)
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.D.I.); (G.D.); (A.M.I.); (L.S.); (M.T.D.); (C.G.I.); (F.I.)
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32
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Kakuda S, Li B, London E. Preparation and utility of asymmetric lipid vesicles for studies of perfringolysin O-lipid interactions. Methods Enzymol 2021; 649:253-276. [PMID: 33712189 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Studying the interaction of pore-forming toxins, including perfringolysin O (PFO), with lipid is crucial to understanding how they insert into membranes, assemble, and associate with membrane domains. In almost all past studies, symmetric lipid bilayers, i.e., bilayers having the same lipid composition in each monolayer (leaflet), have been used to study this process. However, practical methods to make asymmetric lipid vesicles have now been developed. These involve a cyclodextrin-catalyzed lipid exchange process in which the outer leaflet lipids are switched between two lipid vesicle populations with different lipid compositions. By use of alpha class cyclodextrins, it is practical to include a wide range of sterol concentrations in asymmetric vesicles. In this article, protocols for preparing asymmetric lipid vesicles are described, and to illustrate how they may be applied to studies of pore-forming toxin behavior, we summarize what has been learned about PFO conformation and its lipid interaction in symmetric and in asymmetric artificial lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinako Kakuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Bingchen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
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Abstract
Glycerophospholipids (GPLs) perform numerous essential functions in biology, including forming key structural components of cellular membranes and acting as secondary messengers in signaling pathways. Developing biomimetic molecular devices that can detect specific GPLs would enable modulation of GPL-related processes. However, the compositional diversity of GPLs, combined with their hydrophobic nature, has made it challenging to develop synthetic scaffolds that can react with specific lipid species. By taking advantage of the host–guest chemistry of cyclodextrins, we have engineered a molecular device that can selectively hydrolyze GPLs under physiologically relevant conditions. A chemically modified α-cyclodextrin bearing amine functional groups was shown to hydrolyze lyso-GPLs, generating free fatty acids. Lyso-GPLs are preferentially hydrolyzed when part of a mixture of GPL lipid species, and reaction efficiency was dependent on lyso-GPL chemical structure. These findings lay the groundwork for the development of molecular devices capable of specifically manipulating lipid-related processes in living systems. Lipase mimetic cyclodextrins (CDs) can selectively hydrolyze native lyso-glycerophospholipids (GPLs) under physiologically relevant conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Neal K Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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Paolacci S, Ceccarini MR, Codini M, Manara E, Tezzele S, Percio M, Capodicasa N, Kroni D, Dundar M, Ergoren MC, Sanlidag T, Beccari T, Farronato M, Farronato G, Tartaglia GM, Bertelli M. Pilot study for the evaluation of safety profile of a potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020009. [PMID: 33170175 PMCID: PMC8023122 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current pandemics of coronavirus disease. This virus is able to attack the cells of the airway epithelium by binding to the transmembrane angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We developed an oral spray that could inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. The spray contains hydroxytyrosol for its anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, and α-cyclodextrin for its ability to deplete sphingolipids, that form the lipid rafts where ACE2 localizes. The aim of the present pilot multi-centric open non-controlled observational study was to evaluate the safety profile of the "Endovir Stop" spray. METHODS An MTT test was performed to evaluate cytotoxicity of the spray in two human cell lines. An oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay was performed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the spray. The spray was also tested on 87 healthy subjects on a voluntary basis. RESULTS The MTT test revealed that the spray is not cytotoxic. The ORAC assay showed a good antioxidant capacity for the spray. Endovir Stop tested on healthy volunteers showed the total absence of side effects and drug interactions during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that Endovir Stop spray is safe. The next step would be the administration of the efficacy of the spray by testing it to a wider range of people and see whether there is a reduced infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the treated subjects than in the non-treated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michela Codini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; DESAM Insitute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | | - Tommaso Beccari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan - Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan - Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan - Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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Ergoren MC, Paolacci S, Manara E, Dautaj A, Dhuli K, Anpilogov K, Camilleri G, Suer HK, Sayan M, Tuncel G, Sultanoglu N, Farronato M, Tartaglia GM, Dundar M, Farronato G, Gunsel IS, Bertelli M, Sanlidag T. A pilot study on the preventative potential of alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol against SARS-CoV-2 transmission. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020022. [PMID: 33170176 PMCID: PMC8023124 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current pandemics. This virus attacks the cells by binding to the transmembrane angiotensin I converting enzyme 2. In this study, we experimented a food supplement containing alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol for the improvement of the defenses against the SARS-CoV-2. Hydroxytyrosol has anti-viral properties and is able to reduce the serum lipids in mice. α-cyclodextrin has the ability to deplete sphingolipids and phospholipids from the cellular membranes. The aim of the present preliminary open non-controlled interventional study was to evaluate the efficacy of alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol in improving defenses against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Fifty healthy volunteers at a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection from Northern Cyprus and six positive individuals for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in this study. The in silico prediction was performed using D3DOCKING to evaluate the interactions of hydroxytyrosol and alpha-cyclodextrin with proteins involved in the SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. RESULTS The 50 volunteers did not become positive in 15 days for SARS-CoV-2 after the administration of the compound for two weeks, despite they were at higher risk of infection than the general population. Interestingly, in the cohort of six positive patients, two patients were administered the spray and became negative after five days, despite the viral load was higher in the treated subjects than the untreated patients who became negative after ten days. In addition, we identified possible interactions among hydroxytyrosol and alpha-cyclodextrin with the protein Spike and the human proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2. CONCLUSIONS We reported on the results of the possible role of alpha-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol in improving defenses against SARS-CoV-2. The next step will be the administration of the compound to a larger cohort in a controlled study to confirm the reduction of the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the treated subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huseyin Kaya Suer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Murat Sayan
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; PCR Unit, Kocaeli University Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Gulten Tuncel
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | | - Marco Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Giampietro Farronato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan; Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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Li B, London E. Preparation and Drug Entrapment Properties of Asymmetric Liposomes Containing Cationic and Anionic Lipids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12521-12531. [PMID: 33070610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed cyclodextrin-catalyzed lipid exchange methods to prepare large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) with asymmetric charge distributions, i.e., with different net charges on the lipids in the inner and outer leaflets. LUVs contained a mixture of a zwitterionic lipid (phosphatidylcholine), cholesterol, and various cationic lipids (O-ethyl phosphatidylcholine or dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane) or anionic lipids (phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, or phosphatidic acid). Symmetric and asymmetric LUVs with a wide variety of lipid combinations were prepared. The asymmetric LUVs contained cationic or anionic outer leaflets and inner leaflets that had either the opposite charge or were uncharged. The behavior of symmetric LUVs prepared with zwitterionic, anionic, or cationic leaflets was compared to those of asymmetric LUVs. Lipid exchange was confirmed by quantitative thin-layer chromatography, and lipid asymmetry by a novel assay measuring binding of a cationic fluorescent probe to the LUV outer leaflet. For both symmetric and asymmetric LUVs, the level of entrapment of the cationic drug doxorubicin was controlled by the charge on the inner leaflet, with the greatest entrapment and slowest leakage in vesicles with an anionic inner leaflet. This shows that it is possible to choose inner leaflet lipids to maximize liposomal loading of charged drugs independently of the identity of outer-leaflet lipids. This implies that it should also be possible to independently vary outer-leaflet lipids to, for example, impart favorable bioavailability and biodistribution properties to lipid vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, United States
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Tsai YT, Moore W, Kim H, Budin I. Bringing rafts to life: Lessons learned from lipid organization across diverse biological membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 233:104984. [PMID: 33203526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of lipids to drive lateral organization is a remarkable feature of membranes and has been hypothesized to underlie the architecture of cells. Models for lipid rafts and related domains were originally based on the mammalian plasma membrane, but the nature of heterogeneity in this system is still not fully resolved. However, the concept of lipid-driven organization has been highly influential across biology, and has led to discoveries in organisms that feature a diversity of lipid chemistries and physiological needs. Here we review several emerging and instructive cases of membrane organization in non-mammalian systems. In bacteria, several types of membrane domains that act in metabolism and signaling have been elucidated. These widen our view of what constitutes a raft, but also introduce new questions about the relationship between organization and function. In yeast, observable membrane organization is found in both the plasma membrane and the vacuole. The latter serves as the best example of classic membrane phase partitioning in a living system to date, suggesting that internal organelles are important membranes to investigate across eukaryotes. Finally, we highlight plants as powerful model systems for complex membrane interactions in multicellular organisms. Plant membranes are organized by unique glycosphingolipids, supporting the importance of carbohydrate interactions in organizing lateral domains. These examples demonstrate that membrane organization is a potentially universal phenonenon in biology and argue for the continued broadening of lipid physical chemistry research into a wide range of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - William Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Hyesoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity and Improved Stability of a D-Amino Acid Enantiomer of DMPC-10A, the Designed Derivative of Dermaseptin Truncates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090627. [PMID: 32967333 PMCID: PMC7557582 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DMPC-10A (ALWKKLLKK-Cha-NH2) is a 10-mer peptide derivative from the N-terminal domain of Dermaseptin-PC which has shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity as well as a considerable hemolytic effect. In order to reduce hemolytic activity and improve stability to endogenous enzymes, a D-amino acid enantiomer (DMPC-10B) was designed by substituting all L-Lys and L-Leu with their respective D-form amino acid residues, while the Ala1 and Trp3 remained unchanged. The D-amino acid enantiomer exhibited similar antimicrobial potency to the parent peptide but exerted lower cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. Meanwhile, DMPC-10B exhibited remarkable resistance to hydrolysis by trypsin and chymotrypsin. In addition to these advantages, DMPC-10B exhibited an outstanding antibacterial effect against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumoniae using the Galleria mellonella larva model and displayed synergistic activities with gentamicin against carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. This indicates that DMPC-10B would be a promising alternative for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Vahedi A, Bigdelou P, Farnoud AM. Quantitative analysis of red blood cell membrane phospholipids and modulation of cell-macrophage interactions using cyclodextrins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15111. [PMID: 32934292 PMCID: PMC7492248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells is asymmetric with respect to its phospholipid composition. Analysis of the lipid composition of the outer leaflet is important for understanding cell membrane biology in health and disease. Here, a method based on cyclodextrin-mediated lipid exchange to characterize the phospholipids in the outer leaflet of red blood cells (RBCs) is reported. Methyl-α-cyclodextrin, loaded with exogenous lipids, was used to extract phospholipids from the membrane outer leaflet, while delivering lipids to the cell to maintain cell membrane integrity. Thin layer chromatography and lipidomics demonstrated that the extracted lipids were from the membrane outer leaflet. Phosphatidylcholines (PC) and sphingomyelins (SM) were the most abundant phospholipids in the RBCs outer leaflet with PC 34:1 and SM 34:1 being the most abundant species. Fluorescence quenching confirmed the delivery of exogenous lipids to the cell outer leaflet. The developed lipid exchange method was then used to remove phosphatidylserine, a phagocyte recognition marker, from the outer leaflet of senescent RBCs. Senescent RBCs with reconstituted membranes were phagocytosed in significantly lower amounts compared to control cells, demonstrating the efficiency of the lipid exchange process and its application in modifying cell–cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Vahedi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, 161 Stocker Center, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Parnian Bigdelou
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Amir M Farnoud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio University, 161 Stocker Center, Athens, OH, 45701, USA. .,Biomedical Engineering Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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40
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Verstraeten SL, Lorent JH, Mingeot-Leclercq MP. Lipid Membranes as Key Targets for the Pharmacological Actions of Ginsenosides. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:576887. [PMID: 33041822 PMCID: PMC7518029 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.576887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will focus on the activity of ginsenosides on membranes and their related effects, from physicochemical, biophysical, and pharmacological viewpoints. Ginsenosides are a class of saponins with a large structural diversity and a wide range of pharmacological effects. These effects can at least partly be related to their activity on membranes which results from their amphiphilic character. Some ginsenosides are able to interact with membrane lipids and associate into nanostructures, making them possible adjuvants for vaccines. They are able to modulate membrane biophysical properties such as membrane fluidity, permeability or the formation of lateral domains with some degree of specificity towards certain cell types such as bacteria, fungi, or cancer cells. In addition, they have shown antioxidant properties which protect membranes from lipid oxidation. They further displayed some activity on membrane proteins either through direct or indirect interaction. We investigate the structure activity relationship of ginsenosides on membranes and discuss the implications and potential use as anticancer, antibacterial, and antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine L Verstraeten
- Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph H Lorent
- Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Membrane Biochemistry & Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq
- Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology Unit (FACM), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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41
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Lipid asymmetry of a model mitochondrial outer membrane affects Bax-dependent permeabilization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ondo D. Thermodynamic study on complexation of long-chain fatty acid anions with α-cyclodextrin in water. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Development of lipid membrane based assays to accurately predict the transfection efficiency of cell-penetrating peptide-based gene nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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44
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Li G, Wang Q, Kakuda S, London E. Nanodomains can persist at physiologic temperature in plasma membrane vesicles and be modulated by altering cell lipids. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:758-766. [PMID: 31964764 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and properties of liquid-ordered (Lo) lipid domains (rafts) in the plasma membrane are still poorly understood. This limits our ability to manipulate ordered lipid domain-dependent biological functions. Giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) undergo large-scale phase separations into coexisting Lo and liquid-disordered lipid domains. However, large-scale phase separation in GPMVs detected by light microscopy is observed only at low temperatures. Comparing Förster resonance energy transfer-detected versus light microscopy-detected domain formation, we found that nanodomains, domains of nanometer size, persist at temperatures up to 20°C higher than large-scale phases, up to physiologic temperature. The persistence of nanodomains at higher temperatures is consistent with previously reported theoretical calculations. To investigate the sensitivity of nanodomains to lipid composition, GPMVs were prepared from mammalian cells in which sterol, phospholipid, or sphingolipid composition in the plasma membrane outer leaflet had been altered by cyclodextrin-catalyzed lipid exchange. Lipid substitutions that stabilize or destabilize ordered domain formation in artificial lipid vesicles had a similar effect on the thermal stability of nanodomains and large-scale phase separation in GPMVs, with nanodomains persisting at higher temperatures than large-scale phases for a wide range of lipid compositions. This indicates that it is likely that plasma membrane nanodomains can form under physiologic conditions more readily than large-scale phase separation. We also conclude that membrane lipid substitutions carried out in intact cells are able to modulate the propensity of plasma membranes to form ordered domains. This implies lipid substitutions can be used to alter biological processes dependent upon ordered domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Shinako Kakuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215
| | - Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215. mailto:
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Vahedi A, Farnoud AM. Cyclodextrins for Probing Plasma Membrane Lipids. SPRINGER PROTOCOLS HANDBOOKS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0631-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Gupta A, Muralidharan S, Torta F, Wenk MR, Wohland T. Long acyl chain ceramides govern cholesterol and cytoskeleton dependence of membrane outer leaflet dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183153. [PMID: 31857071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal dynamics of the plasma membrane is a consequence of fine-tuned interactions between membrane components. However, the precise identity of molecular factors that maintain this delicate balance, which is lost even in cell membrane derived mimics, remains elusive. Here, we use two cell lines, CHO-K1 and RBL-2H3, which show differences in outer membrane organization, dynamics, and cytoskeleton coupling, to investigate the underlying factors. To our surprise, knock-down of the cytoskeleton-interacting Immunoglobulin E receptor, which is abundant in RBL-2H3 but not in CHO-K1 cells, is not responsible for lipid confinement or cytoskeleton coupling. A subsequent lipidomic analysis of the two cell membranes revealed differences in total membrane ceramide content (C16 to C24). Analysis of the dynamics and organization of ceramide treated live cell membranes by imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy demonstrates that C24 and C16 saturated ceramides uniquely alter membrane dynamics by promoting the formation of cholesterol-independent domains and by elevating the inter-leaflet coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore; NUS Centre for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117557, Singapore
| | - Sneha Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore; NUS Centre for Bio-Imaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117557, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore.
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47
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Li G, Kakuda S, Suresh P, Canals D, Salamone S, London E. Replacing plasma membrane outer leaflet lipids with exogenous lipid without damaging membrane integrity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223572. [PMID: 31589646 PMCID: PMC6779269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently introduced a MαCD-based method to efficiently replace virtually the entire population of plasma membrane outer leaflet phospholipids and sphingolipids of cultured mammalian cells with exogenous lipids (Li et al, (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 113:14025–14030). Here, we show if the lipid-to- MαCD ratio is too high or low, cells can round up and develop membrane leakiness. We found that this cell damage can be reversed/prevented if cells are allowed to recover from the exchange step by incubation in complete growth medium. After exchange and transfer to complete growth medium cell growth was similar to that of untreated cells. In some cases, cell damage was also prevented by carrying out exchange at close to room temperature (rather than at 37°C). Exchange with lipids that do (sphingomyelin) or do not (unsaturated phosphatidylcholine) support a high level of membrane order in lipid vesicles had the analogous effect on plasma membrane order, confirming exogenous lipid localization in the plasma membrane. Importantly, changes in lipid composition and plasma membrane properties after exchange and recovery persisted for several hours. Thus, it should be possible to use lipid exchange to investigate the effect of plasma membrane lipid composition upon several aspects of membrane structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Li
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Shinako Kakuda
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Pavana Suresh
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Silvia Salamone
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Erwin London
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The lipid bilayer, together with embedded proteins, is the central structure in biomembranes. While artificial lipid bilayers are useful to model natural membranes, they are generally symmetric, with the same membrane lipid composition in each lipid monolayer (leaflet). In contrast, natural membranes are often asymmetric, with different lipids in each leaflet. To prepare asymmetric lipid vesicles, we developed cyclodextrin-catalyzed phospholipid exchange procedures. The basic method is that an excess of vesicles with one set of lipids (the donor vesicles) is mixed with a second set of vesicles (acceptor vesicles) with a different set of lipids. Cyclodextrin is introduced into the external aqueous solution, so that lipids in the outer leaflet of the vesicles bind to it and are shuttled between the vesicles. At equilibrium, the lipids in the outer leaflet of the acceptor vesicles are replaced by those from the donor vesicles. The exchanged acceptor vesicles are then isolated. Asymmetric vesicles are versatile in terms of vesicle sizes and lipid compositions that can be prepared. Measuring asymmetry is often difficult. A variety of assays can be used to measure the extent of asymmetry, but most are specific for one particular membrane lipid type or class, and there are none that can be used in all situations. Studies using asymmetric vesicles have begun to explore how asymmetry influences lipid movement across the bilayer, the formation of ordered lipid domains, coupling between the physical properties in each leaflet, and membrane protein conformation. Lipid domain formation stands out as one of the most important properties in which asymmetry is likely to be crucial. Lipid bilayers can exist in both liquidlike and solid/ordered-like states depending on lipid structure, and in lipid vesicles with a mixture of lipids highly ordered and disordered domains can coexist. However, until very recently, such studies only had been carried out in symmetric artificial membranes. Whether ordered domains (often called lipid rafts) and disordered lipid domains coexist in asymmetric cell membranes remains controversial partly because lipids favoring the formation of an ordered state are largely restricted to the leaflet facing the external environment. Studies using asymmetric vesicles have recently shown that each leaflet can influence the physical behavior of the other, i.e., that the domain forming properties in each leaflet tend to be coupled, with consequences highly dependent upon the details of lipid structure. Future studies investigating the dependence of coupling and properties upon the details of lipid composition should clarify the potential of natural membranes to form lipid domains. In addition, we recently extended the exchange method to living mammalian cells, using exchange to efficiently replace virtually the entire phospholipid and sphingolipid population of the plasma membrane outer leaflet with exogenous lipids without harming cells. This should allow detailed studies of the functional impact of lipid structure, asymmetry, domain organization, and interactions with membrane proteins in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin London
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Skotland T, Sandvig K. The role of PS 18:0/18:1 in membrane function. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2752. [PMID: 31227693 PMCID: PMC6588574 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies have demonstrated that the two leaflets of cellular membranes interact, potentially through so-called interdigitation between the fatty acyl groups. While the molecular mechanism underlying interleaflet coupling remains to be fully understood, recent results suggest interactions between the very-long-chain sphingolipids in the outer leaflet, and phosphatidylserine PS18:0/18:1 in the inner leaflet, and an important role for cholesterol for these interactions. Here we review the evidence that cross-linking of sphingolipids may result in clustering of phosphatidylserine and transfer of signals to the cytosol. Although much remains to be uncovered, the molecular properties and abundance of PS 18:0/18:1 suggest a unique role for this lipid. There are several lines of evidence for interactions between the two membrane leaflets in cells. In this review the authors discuss the transmembrane coupling of lipids, the involvement of phosphatidyl serine species PS 18:0/18:1, and their importance for various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Skotland
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausséen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullernchausséen 70, 0379, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Cyclodextrin-membrane interaction in drug delivery and membrane structure maintenance. Int J Pharm 2019; 564:59-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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