1
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Li WX. Computational simulation of JAK/STAT signaling in somatic versus germline stem cells. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:648-658. [PMID: 38126664 PMCID: PMC11190031 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway regulates a variety of cellular processes. A major activation event in this pathway involves the phosphorylation of a tyrosine of STAT, converting unphosphorylated STAT (uSTAT) to phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT), an active transcription factor. In a noncanonical role, uSTAT contributes to the maintenance of heterochromatin stability. As such, an increase in pSTAT concurrently reduces uSTAT, resulting in heterochromatin loss, as observed in Drosophila somatic tissues. Paradoxically, an opposing phenomenon occurs in Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs), where the JAK/STAT pathway remains persistently active due to a continuous supply of ligands. Here, computational simulations were employed to dissect JAK/STAT pathway activation under different cellular contexts, mimicking somatic and germline cells. In these simulations, ordinary differential equations were leveraged to replicate the chemical reactions governing JAK/STAT signaling under different conditions. RESULTS The outcomes indicate that transient ligand stimulation, typical in somatic tissues, led to a momentary reduction in uSTAT levels. Conversely, sustained ligand stimulation, a characteristic feature of the GSC niche, resulted in elevated uSTAT levels at equilibrium. CONCLUSION The simulation suggests that the duration of ligand exposure could explain the observed opposite effects of JAK/STAT activation on heterochromatin in somatic versus GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis X Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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2
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Li MY, Chong LC, Duns G, Lytle A, Woolcock B, Jiang A, Telenius A, Ben-Neriah S, Nawaz W, Slack GW, Elisia I, Viganò E, Aoki T, Healy S, Krystal G, Venturutti L, Scott DW, Steidl C. TRAF3 loss-of-function reveals the noncanonical NF-κB pathway as a therapeutic target in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320421121. [PMID: 38662551 PMCID: PMC11067025 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320421121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we report recurrent focal deletions of the chr14q32.31-32 locus, including TRAF3, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, in de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (24/324 cases). Integrative analysis revealed an association between TRAF3 copy number loss with accumulation of NIK, the central noncanonical (NC) NF-κB kinase, and increased NC NF-κB pathway activity. Accordingly, TRAF3 genetic ablation in isogenic DLBCL model systems caused upregulation of NIK and enhanced NC NF-κB downstream signaling. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of NIK in TRAF3-deficient cells differentially impaired their proliferation and survival, suggesting an acquired onco-addiction to NC NF-κB. TRAF3 ablation also led to exacerbated secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. Coculturing of TRAF3-deficient DLBCL cells with CD8+ T cells impaired the induction of Granzyme B and interferon (IFN) γ, which were restored following neutralization of IL-10. Our findings corroborate a direct relationship between TRAF3 genetic alterations and NC NF-κB activation, and highlight NIK as a potential therapeutic target in a defined subset of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Li
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Lauren C. Chong
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gerben Duns
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Andrew Lytle
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Bruce Woolcock
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Aixiang Jiang
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Adèle Telenius
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Susana Ben-Neriah
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Graham W. Slack
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Ingrid Elisia
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Elena Viganò
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Tomohiro Aoki
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Shannon Healy
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gerald Krystal
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Leandro Venturutti
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - David W. Scott
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Christian Steidl
- Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BCV5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 2B5, Canada
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3
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Hoang NM, Liu Y, Bates PD, Heaton AR, Lopez AF, Liu P, Zhu F, Chen R, Kondapelli A, Zhang X, Selberg PE, Ngo VN, Skala MC, Capitini CM, Rui L. Targeting DNMT3A-mediated oxidative phosphorylation to overcome ibrutinib resistance in mantle cell lymphoma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101484. [PMID: 38554704 PMCID: PMC11031386 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors such as ibrutinib achieves a remarkable clinical response in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Acquired drug resistance, however, is significant and affects long-term survival of MCL patients. Here, we demonstrate that DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is involved in ibrutinib resistance. We find that DNMT3A expression is upregulated upon ibrutinib treatment in ibrutinib-resistant MCL cells. Genetic and pharmacological analyses reveal that DNMT3A mediates ibrutinib resistance independent of its DNA-methylation function. Mechanistically, DNMT3A induces the expression of MYC target genes through interaction with the transcription factors MEF2B and MYC, thus mediating metabolic reprogramming to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Targeting DNMT3A with low-dose decitabine inhibits the growth of ibrutinib-resistant lymphoma cells both in vitro and in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model. These findings suggest that targeting DNMT3A-mediated metabolic reprogramming to OXPHOS with decitabine provides a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome ibrutinib resistance in relapsed/refractory MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet-Minh Hoang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Paul D Bates
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Alexa R Heaton
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Angelica F Lopez
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Fen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Apoorv Kondapelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Paul E Selberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Vu N Ngo
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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4
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Borkúti P, Kristó I, Szabó A, Kovács Z, Vilmos P. FERM domain-containing proteins are active components of the cell nucleus. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302489. [PMID: 38296350 PMCID: PMC10830384 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The FERM domain is a conserved and widespread protein module that appeared in the common ancestor of amoebae, fungi, and animals, and is therefore now found in a wide variety of species. The primary function of the FERM domain is localizing to the plasma membrane through binding lipids and proteins of the membrane; thus, for a long time, FERM domain-containing proteins (FDCPs) were considered exclusively cytoskeletal. Although their role in the cytoplasm has been extensively studied, the recent discovery of the presence and importance of cytoskeletal proteins in the nucleus suggests that FDCPs might also play an important role in nuclear function. In this review, we collected data on their nuclear localization, transport, and possible functions, which are still scattered throughout the literature, with special regard to the role of the FERM domain in these processes. With this, we would like to draw attention to the exciting, new dimension of the role of FDCPs, their nuclear activity, which could be an interesting novel direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anikó Szabó
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Science, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Vilmos
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Bian W, Li H, Chen Y, Yu Y, Lei G, Yang X, Li S, Chen X, Li H, Yang J, Yang C, Li Y, Zhou Y. Ferroptosis mechanisms and its novel potential therapeutic targets for DLBCL. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116386. [PMID: 38492438 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy, poses a significant threat to human health. The standard therapeutic regimen for patients with DLBCL is rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), with a typical cure rate of 50-70%. However, some patients either relapse after complete remission (CR) or exhibit resistance to R-CHOP treatment. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are imperative for managing high-risk or refractory DLBCL. Ferroptosis is driven by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, a process that relies on the transition metal iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids-containing phospholipids (PUFA-PLs). Research indicates that ferroptosis is implicated in various carcinogenic and anticancer pathways. Several hematological disorders exhibit heightened sensitivity to cell death induced by ferroptosis. DLBCL cells, in particular, demonstrate an increased demand for iron and an upregulation in the expression of fatty acid synthase. Additionally, there exists a correlation between ferroptosis-associated genes and the prognosis of DLBCL. Therefore, ferroptosis may be a promising novel target for DLBCL therapy. In this review, we elucidate ferroptosis mechanisms, its role in DLBCL, and the potential therapeutic targets in DLBCL. This review offers novel insights into the application of ferroptosis in treatment strategies for DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Bian
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guojie Lei
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sainan Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanjuan Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Mandhair HK, Radpour R, Westerhuis M, Banz Y, Humbert M, Arambasic M, Dengjel J, Davies A, Tschan MP, Novak U. Analysis of autophagy in DLBCL reveals subtype-specific differences and the preferential targeting of ULK1 inhibition in GCB-DLBCL provides a rationale as a new therapeutic approach. Leukemia 2024; 38:424-429. [PMID: 38263431 PMCID: PMC10844068 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet K Mandhair
- University of Bern, Department of BioMedical Research, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ramin Radpour
- University of Bern, Department of BioMedical Research, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mira Westerhuis
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yara Banz
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Magali Humbert
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Arambasic
- University of Bern, Department of BioMedical Research, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Davies
- Southampton NHIR/Cancer Research UK, Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urban Novak
- University of Bern, Department of BioMedical Research, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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7
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Ivanova VS, Vela V, Dirnhofer S, Dobbie M, Stenner F, Knoblich J, Tzankov A, Menter T. Molecular Characterization and Genetic Subclassification Comparison of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Real-Life Experience with 74 Cases. Pathobiology 2023; 91:245-253. [PMID: 38128501 PMCID: PMC11309052 DOI: 10.1159/000535938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous entity. Lately, several algorithms achieving therapeutically and prognostically relevant DLBCL subclassification have been published. METHODS A cohort of 74 routine DLBCL cases was broadly characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the BCL2, BCL6, and MYC loci, and comprehensive high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Based on the genetic alterations found, cases were reclassified using two probabilistic tools - LymphGen and Two-step classifier, allowing for comparison of the two models. RESULTS Hans and Tally's overall IHC-based subclassification success rate was 96% and 82%, respectively. HTS and FISH data allowed the LymphGen algorithm to successfully classify 11/55 cases (1 - BN2, 7 - EZB, 1 - MCD, and 2 - genetically composite EZB/N1). The total subclassification rate was 20%. On the other hand, the Two-step classifier categorized 36/55 cases, with 65.5% success (9 - BN2, 12 - EZB, 9 - MCD, 2 - N1, and 4 - ST2). Clinical correlations highlighted MCD as an aggressive subtype associated with higher relapse and mortality. CONCLUSIONS The Two-step algorithm has a better success rate at subclassifying DLBCL cases based on genetic differences. Further improvement of the classifiers is required to increase the number of classifiable cases and thus prove their applicability in routine diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa-Sindi Ivanova
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,
| | - Visar Vela
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Dobbie
- Department of Oncology, Hôpital du Jura, Delemont, Switzerland
| | - Frank Stenner
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Menter
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Liu Y, Kimpara S, Hoang NM, Daenthanasanmak A, Li Y, Lu L, Ngo VN, Bates PD, Song L, Gao X, Bebel S, Chen M, Chen R, Zhang X, Selberg PE, Kenkre VP, Waldmann TA, Capitini CM, Rui L. EGR1-mediated metabolic reprogramming to oxidative phosphorylation contributes to ibrutinib resistance in B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2023; 142:1879-1894. [PMID: 37738652 PMCID: PMC10731920 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib, to block B-cell receptor signaling has achieved a remarkable clinical response in several B-cell malignancies, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Acquired drug resistance, however, is significant and affects the long-term survival of these patients. Here, we demonstrate that the transcription factor early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is involved in ibrutinib resistance. We found that EGR1 expression is elevated in ibrutinib-resistant activated B-cell-like subtype DLBCL and MCL cells and can be further upregulated upon ibrutinib treatment. Genetic and pharmacological analyses revealed that overexpressed EGR1 mediates ibrutinib resistance. Mechanistically, TCF4 and EGR1 self-regulation induce EGR1 overexpression that mediates metabolic reprogramming to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through the transcriptional activation of PDP1, a phosphatase that dephosphorylates and activates the E1 component of the large pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Therefore, EGR1-mediated PDP1 activation increases intracellular adenosine triphosphate production, leading to sufficient energy to enhance the proliferation and survival of ibrutinib-resistant lymphoma cells. Finally, we demonstrate that targeting OXPHOS with metformin or IM156, a newly developed OXPHOS inhibitor, inhibits the growth of ibrutinib-resistant lymphoma cells both in vitro and in a patient-derived xenograft mouse model. These findings suggest that targeting EGR1-mediated metabolic reprogramming to OXPHOS with metformin or IM156 provides a potential therapeutic strategy to overcome ibrutinib resistance in relapsed/refractory DLBCL or MCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Shuichi Kimpara
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Nguyet M. Hoang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Anusara Daenthanasanmak
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yangguang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Vu N. Ngo
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Paul D. Bates
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Longzhen Song
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Xiaoyue Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Samantha Bebel
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Madelyn Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Paul E. Selberg
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Vaishalee P. Kenkre
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Thomas A. Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christian M. Capitini
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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9
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Sarapultsev A, Gusev E, Komelkova M, Utepova I, Luo S, Hu D. JAK-STAT signaling in inflammation and stress-related diseases: implications for therapeutic interventions. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:40. [PMID: 37938494 PMCID: PMC10632324 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and transcription activator pathway (JAK-STAT) serves as a cornerstone in cellular signaling, regulating physiological and pathological processes such as inflammation and stress. Dysregulation in this pathway can lead to severe immunodeficiencies and malignancies, and its role extends to neurotransduction and pro-inflammatory signaling mechanisms. Although JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs) have successfully treated immunological and inflammatory disorders, their application has generally been limited to diseases with similar pathogenic features. Despite the modest expression of JAK-STAT in the CNS, it is crucial for functions in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, making it relevant in conditions like Parkinson's disease and other neuroinflammatory disorders. Furthermore, the influence of the pathway on serotonin receptors and phospholipase C has implications for stress and mood disorders. This review expands the understanding of JAK-STAT, moving beyond traditional immunological contexts to explore its role in stress-related disorders and CNS function. Recent findings, such as the effectiveness of Jakinibs in chronic conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, expand their therapeutic applicability. Advances in isoform-specific inhibitors, including filgotinib and upadacitinib, promise greater specificity with fewer off-target effects. Combination therapies, involving Jakinibs and monoclonal antibodies, aiming to enhance therapeutic specificity and efficacy also give great hope. Overall, this review bridges the gap between basic science and clinical application, elucidating the complex influence of the JAK-STAT pathway on human health and guiding future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Sarapultsev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia.
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Evgenii Gusev
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Maria Komelkova
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Irina Utepova
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049, Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Desheng Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center of Cancer Immunotherapy, Hubei Wuhan, 430022, China
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10
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Zhao A, Zhou H, Yang J, Li M, Niu T. Epigenetic regulation in hematopoiesis and its implications in the targeted therapy of hematologic malignancies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:71. [PMID: 36797244 PMCID: PMC9935927 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies are one of the most common cancers, and the incidence has been rising in recent decades. The clinical and molecular features of hematologic malignancies are highly heterogenous, and some hematologic malignancies are incurable, challenging the treatment, and prognosis of the patients. However, hematopoiesis and oncogenesis of hematologic malignancies are profoundly affected by epigenetic regulation. Studies have found that methylation-related mutations, abnormal methylation profiles of DNA, and abnormal histone deacetylase expression are recurrent in leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, the hypomethylating agents and histone deacetylase inhibitors are effective to treat acute myeloid leukemia and T-cell lymphomas, indicating that epigenetic regulation is indispensable to hematologic oncogenesis. Epigenetic regulation mainly includes DNA modifications, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA-mediated targeting, and regulates various DNA-based processes. This review presents the role of writers, readers, and erasers of DNA methylation and histone methylation, and acetylation in hematologic malignancies. In addition, this review provides the influence of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs on hematologic malignancies. Furthermore, the implication of epigenetic regulation in targeted treatment is discussed. This review comprehensively presents the change and function of each epigenetic regulator in normal and oncogenic hematopoiesis and provides innovative epigenetic-targeted treatment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Zhao
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Niu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Ivanova M, Bottiglieri L, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Fusco N. Malignancies in Patients with Celiac Disease: Diagnostic Challenges and Molecular Advances. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:376. [PMID: 36833303 PMCID: PMC9956047 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder of the chronic intestinal disease group characterized by duodenal inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals, precipitated by gluten ingestion. The pathogenesis of celiac disease is now widely studied, overcoming the limits of the purely autoimmune concept and explaining its hereditability. The genomic profiling of this condition has led to the discovery of numerous genes involved in interleukin signaling and immune-related pathways. The spectrum of disease manifestations is not limited to the gastrointestinal tract, and a significant number of studies have considered the possible association between CD and neoplasms. Patients with CD are found to be at increased risk of developing malignancies, with a particular predisposition of certain types of intestinal cancer, lymphomas, and oropharyngeal cancers. This can be partially explained by common cancer hallmarks present in these patients. The study of gut microbiota, microRNAs, and DNA methylation is evolving to find the any possible missing links between CD and cancer incidence in these patients. However, the literature is extremely mixed and, therefore, our understanding of the biological interplay between CD and cancer remains limited, with significant implications in terms of clinical management and screening protocols. In this review article, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics data on CD and its relation to the most frequent types of neoplasms that may occur in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Ivanova
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bottiglieri
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Elham Sajjadi
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Venetis
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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12
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Nagao T, Yoshifuji K, Sadato D, Motomura Y, Saito M, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Nogami A. Establishment and characterization of a new activated B-cell-like DLBCL cell line, TMD12. Exp Hematol 2022; 116:37-49. [PMID: 36191884 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the establishment of a novel activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell line, designated as TMD12, from a patient with highly refractory DLBCL. ABC-DLBCL is a subtype with a relatively unfavorable prognosis that was originally categorized using gene expression profiling according to its cell of origin. TMD12 cells were isolated from the pleural effusion of the patient at relapse and passaged continuously in vitro for >4 years. The cells displayed cluster of differentiation (CD)19, CD20, CD22, CD38, human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype, and κ positivity and CD5, CD10, CD23, and λ negativity, as detected using flow cytometric analysis. The chromosomal karyotypic analysis, including the spectral karyotyping method, confirmed t(1;19)(q21:q13.1), del(6q23), gain of chromosome 18, and other abnormalities. Mutation analyses, including whole-exome sequencing, revealed that TMD12 cells harbored mutations in MYD88 and CD79B, indicating an ABC subtype. TMD12 cells exhibited chronic active B-cell receptor signaling and constitutive activation of the nuclear factor κB pathway, which is typically associated with sensitivity to a specific Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib. Intriguingly, TMD12 cells displayed moderate resistance to ibrutinib and lacked activation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling, another hallmark of this DLBCL subtype. Treatment with an inhibitor against tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), a multifunctional intracellular kinase that is activated particularly downstream of Toll-like receptors or MYD88 and IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β), suppressed the proliferation of TMD12 cells, implying the possible involvement of the TPL2-p105 pathway in the tumorigenesis of ABC-DLBCL. Because only a limited number of ABC-DLBCL cell lines are currently available, TMD12 cells might provide a useful tool in the search for novel druggable targets for this intractable lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikage Nagao
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kota Yoshifuji
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Sadato
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Center and Infection Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yotaro Motomura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Saito
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kurara Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Jurado S, Fedl AS, Jaritz M, Kostanova‐Poliakova D, Malin SG, Mullighan CG, Strehl S, Fischer M, Busslinger M. The PAX5‐JAK2 translocation acts as dual‐hit mutation that promotes aggressive B‐cell leukemia via nuclear STAT5 activation. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108397. [PMID: 35156727 PMCID: PMC8982625 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
While PAX5 is an important tumor suppressor gene in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL), it is also involved in oncogenic translocations coding for diverse PAX5 fusion proteins. PAX5‐JAK2 encodes a protein consisting of the PAX5 DNA‐binding region fused to the constitutively active JAK2 kinase domain. Here, we studied the oncogenic function of the PAX5‐JAK2 fusion protein in a mouse model expressing it from the endogenous Pax5 locus, resulting in inactivation of one of the two Pax5 alleles. Pax5Jak2/+ mice rapidly developed an aggressive B‐ALL in the absence of another cooperating exogenous gene mutation. The DNA‐binding function and kinase activity of Pax5‐Jak2 as well as IL‐7 signaling contributed to leukemia development. Interestingly, all Pax5Jak2/+ tumors lost the remaining wild‐type Pax5 allele, allowing efficient DNA‐binding of Pax5‐Jak2. While we could not find evidence for a nuclear role of Pax5‐Jak2 as an epigenetic regulator, high levels of active phosphorylated STAT5 and increased expression of STAT5 target genes were seen in Pax5Jak2/+ B‐ALL tumors, implying that nuclear Pax5‐Jak2 phosphorylates STAT5. Together, these data reveal Pax5‐Jak2 as an important nuclear driver of leukemogenesis by maintaining phosphorylated STAT5 levels in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Jurado
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | - Anna S Fedl
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | | | - Stephen G Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Department of Medicine Solna Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Sabine Strehl
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute (CCRI) Vienna Austria
| | - Maria Fischer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Vienna Austria
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14
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Chen R, Zhou D, Wang L, Zhu L, Ye X. MYD88L265P and CD79B double mutations type (MCD type) of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: mechanism, clinical characteristics, and targeted therapy. Ther Adv Hematol 2022; 13:20406207211072839. [PMID: 35126963 PMCID: PMC8808040 DOI: 10.1177/20406207211072839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MYD88/CD79B-mutated (MCD) genotype is a genetic subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with the co-occurrence of MYD88L265P and CD79B mutations. MCD genotype is characterized by poor prognosis and extranodal involvement especially in immune-privileged sites. MCD model is dominated by activated B-cell (ABC)-like subtype of DLBCLs. It is generally accepted that the pathogenesis of MCD DLBCL mainly includes chronic active B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and oncogenic MYD88 mutations, which drives pathological nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in MCD lymphoid malignancies. CD79B and MYD88L265P mutations are frequently and contemporaneously founded in B-cell malignancies. The collaboration of the two mutations may explain the unique biology of MCD. Meanwhile, standard immunochemotherapy combine with different targeted therapies worth further study to improve the prognosis of MCD, according to genetic, phenotypic, and clinical features of MCD type. In this review, we systematically described mechanism, clinical characteristics, and targeted therapy of MCD DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Chen
- Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - De Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujin Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Aslan B, Hubner SE, Fox JA, Taverna P, Wierda WG, Kornblau SM, Gandhi V. Vecabrutinib inhibits B-cell receptor signal transduction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell types with wild-type or mutant Bruton tyrosine kinase. Haematologica 2022; 107:292-297. [PMID: 34498444 PMCID: PMC8719067 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Edward Hubner
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Judith A Fox
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco
| | | | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics; Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
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16
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Fernández-Serrano M, Winkler R, Santos JC, Le Pannérer MM, Buschbeck M, Roué G. Histone Modifications and Their Targeting in Lymphoid Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:253. [PMID: 35008680 PMCID: PMC8745418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a wide range of lymphoid neoplasms, the process of malignant transformation is associated with somatic mutations in B cells that affect the epigenetic machinery. Consequential alterations in histone modifications contribute to disease-specific changes in the transcriptional program. Affected genes commonly play important roles in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis-inducing signal transduction, and DNA damage response, thus facilitating the emergence of malignant traits that impair immune surveillance and favor the emergence of different B-cell lymphoma subtypes. In the last two decades, the field has made a major effort to develop therapies that target these epigenetic alterations. In this review, we discuss which epigenetic alterations occur in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Furthermore, we aim to present in a close to comprehensive manner the current state-of-the-art in the preclinical and clinical development of epigenetic drugs. We focus on therapeutic strategies interfering with histone methylation and acetylation as these are most advanced in being deployed from the bench-to-bedside and have the greatest potential to improve the prognosis of lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Fernández-Serrano
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
| | - René Winkler
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
| | - Juliana C. Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Marguerite-Marie Le Pannérer
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Chromatin, Metabolism and Cell Fate Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (R.W.); (M.-M.L.P.)
- Program of Personalized and Predictive Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.C.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08014 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Li B, Wan Q, Li Z, Chng WJ. Janus Kinase Signaling: Oncogenic Criminal of Lymphoid Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205147. [PMID: 34680295 PMCID: PMC8533975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Janus kinases (JAKs) are transmembrane receptors that pass signals from extracellular ligands to downstream. Increasing evidence has suggested that JAK family aberrations promote lymphoid cancer pathogenesis and progression through mediating gene expression via the JAK/STAT pathway or noncanonical JAK signaling. We are here to review how canonical JAK/STAT and noncanonical JAK signalings are represented and deregulated in lymphoid malignancies and how to target JAK for therapeutic purposes. Abstract The Janus kinase (JAK) family are known to respond to extracellular cytokine stimuli and to phosphorylate and activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), thereby modulating gene expression profiles. Recent studies have highlighted JAK abnormality in inducing over-activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, and that the cytoplasmic JAK tyrosine kinases may also have a nuclear role. A couple of anti-JAK therapeutics have been developed, which effectively harness lymphoid cancer cells. Here we discuss mutations and fusions leading to JAK deregulations, how upstream nodes drive JAK expression, how classical JAK/STAT pathways are represented in lymphoid malignancies and the noncanonical and nuclear role of JAKs. We also summarize JAK inhibition therapeutics applied alone or synergized with other drugs in treating lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; or (Q.W.)
| | - Qin Wan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; or (Q.W.)
| | - Zhubo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; or (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: or (Z.L.); (W.-J.C.)
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence: or (Z.L.); (W.-J.C.)
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18
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An Overview on Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Models: Towards a Functional Genomics Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122893. [PMID: 34207773 PMCID: PMC8226720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lymphoma research is a paradigm of integrating basic and applied research within the fields of molecular marker-based diagnosis and therapy. In recent years, major advances in next-generation sequencing have substantially improved the understanding of the genomics underlying diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most frequent type of B-cell lymphoma. This review addresses the various approaches that have helped unveil the biology and intricate alterations in this pathology, from cell lines to more sophisticated last-generation experimental models, such as organoids. We also provide an overview of the most recent findings in the field, their potential relevance for designing targeted therapies and the corresponding applicability to personalized medicine. Abstract Lymphoma research is a paradigm of the integration of basic and clinical research within the fields of diagnosis and therapy. Clinical, phenotypic, and genetic data are currently used to predict which patients could benefit from standard treatment. However, alternative therapies for patients at higher risk from refractoriness or relapse are usually empirically proposed, based on trial and error, without considering the genetic complexity of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. This is primarily due to the intricate mosaic of genetic and epigenetic alterations in lymphomas, which are an obstacle to the prediction of which drug will work for any given patient. Matching a patient’s genes to drug sensitivity by directly testing live tissues comprises the “precision medicine” concept. However, in the case of lymphomas, this concept should be expanded beyond genomics, eventually providing better treatment options for patients in need of alternative therapeutic approaches. We provide an overview of the most recent findings in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas genomics, from the classic functional models used to study tumor biology and the response to experimental treatments using cell lines and mouse models, to the most recent approaches with spheroid/organoid models. We also discuss their potential relevance and applicability to daily clinical practice.
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19
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Targeting phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-β and -δ for Bruton tyrosine kinase resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2021; 4:4382-4392. [PMID: 32926124 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 40% of patients relapse after a complete response or are refractory to therapy. To survive, the activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of DLBCL relies upon B-cell receptor signaling, which can be modulated by the activity of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). Targeting BTK with ibrutinib, an inhibitor, provides a therapeutic approach for this subtype of DLBCL. However, non-Hodgkin lymphoma is often resistant to ibrutinib or acquires resistance soon after exposure. We explored how this resistance develops. We generated 3 isogenic ibrutinib-resistant DLBCL cell lines and investigated the deregulated pathways known to be associated with tumorigenic properties. Reduced levels of BTK and enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling were hallmarks of these ibrutinib-resistant cells. Upregulation of PI3K-β expression was demonstrated to drive resistance in ibrutinib-resistant cells, and resistance was reversed by the blocking activity of PI3K-β/δ. Treatment with the selective PI3K-β/δ dual inhibitor KA2237 reduced both tumorigenic properties and survival-based PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling of these ibrutinib-resistant cells. In addition, combining KA2237 with currently available chemotherapeutic agents synergistically inhibited metabolic growth. This study elucidates the compensatory upregulated PI3K/AKT axis that emerges in ibrutinib-resistant cells.
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20
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Kimpara S, Lu L, Hoang NM, Zhu F, Bates PD, Daenthanasanmak A, Zhang S, Yang DT, Kelm A, Liu Y, Li Y, Rosiejka A, Kondapelli A, Bebel S, Chen M, Waldmann TA, Capitini CM, Rui L. EGR1 Addiction in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1258-1269. [PMID: 33980611 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early growth response gene (EGR1) is a transcription factor known to be a downstream effector of B-cell receptor signaling and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). While EGR1 is characterized as a tumor suppressor in leukemia and multiple myeloma, the role of EGR1 in lymphoma is unknown. Here we demonstrate that EGR1 is a potential oncogene that promotes cell proliferation in DLBCL. IHC analysis revealed that EGR1 expression is elevated in DLBCL compared with normal lymphoid tissues and the level of EGR1 expression is higher in activated B cell-like subtype (ABC) than germinal center B cell-like subtype (GCB). EGR1 expression is required for the survival and proliferation of DLBCL cells. Genomic analyses demonstrated that EGR1 upregulates expression of MYC and E2F pathway genes through the CBP/p300/H3K27ac/BRD4 axis while repressing expression of the type I IFN pathway genes by interaction with the corepressor NAB2. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of EGR1 synergizes with the BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 or the type I IFN inducer lenalidomide in growth inhibition of ABC DLBCL both in cell cultures and xenograft mouse models. Therefore, targeting oncogenic EGR1 signaling represents a potential new targeted therapeutic strategy in DLBCL, especially for the more aggressive ABC DLBCL. IMPLICATIONS: The study characterizes EGR1 as a potential oncogene that promotes cell proliferation and defines EGR1 as a new molecular target in DLBCL, the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Kimpara
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nguyet M Hoang
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Fen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul D Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Shanxiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - David T Yang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amanda Kelm
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yangguang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Rosiejka
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Apoorv Kondapelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Samantha Bebel
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Madelyn Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas A Waldmann
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christian M Capitini
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin. .,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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21
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Petrenko O, Li J, Cimica V, Mena-Taboada P, Shin HY, D’Amico S, Reich NC. IL-6 promotes MYC-induced B cell lymphomagenesis independent of STAT3. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247394. [PMID: 33651821 PMCID: PMC7924759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 is known to play a causal role in the promotion of cancer, although the underlying mechanisms remain to be completely understood. Interplay between endogenous and environmental cues determines the fate of cancer development. The Eμ-myc transgenic mouse expresses elevated levels of c-Myc in the B cell lineage and develops B cell lymphomas with associated mutations in p53 or other genes linked to apoptosis. We generated Eμ-myc mice that either lacked the IL-6 gene, or lacked the STAT3 gene specifically in B cells to determine the role of the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in tumor development. Using the Eμ-myc lymphoma mouse model, we demonstrate that IL-6 is a critical tumor promoter during early stages of B cell lymphomagenesis. IL-6 is shown to inhibit the expression of tumor suppressors, notably BIM and PTEN, and this may contribute to advancing MYC-driven B cell tumorigenesis. Several miRNAs known to target BIM and PTEN are upregulated by IL-6 and likely lead to the stable suppression of pro-apoptotic pathways early during the tumorigenic process. STAT3, a classical downstream effector of IL-6, appears dispensable for Eμ-myc driven lymphomagenesis. We conclude that the growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic mechanisms activated by IL-6 are critically involved in Eμ-myc driven tumor initiation and progression, but the B cell intrinsic expression of STAT3 is not required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksi Petrenko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Jinyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Velasco Cimica
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- American Type Culture Collection, City of Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Patricio Mena-Taboada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- University Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ha Youn Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Stephen D’Amico
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
| | - Nancy C. Reich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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JAK3 Is Expressed in the Nucleus of Malignant T Cells in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma (CTCL). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020280. [PMID: 33466582 PMCID: PMC7828698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary JAK3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. JAK3 belongs to the Janus kinase family of receptor-associated tyrosine kinases located in cytoplasm adjacent to the plasma membrane. In this study, we show that JAK3 can also be ectopically expressed in the nucleus in CTCL cell lines and primary cells from CTCL patients. Importantly, JAK3 interacts with the nuclear protein RNA polymerase II and phosphorylates Histone H3. Thus, our data provide first evidence for nuclear expression of JAK3 and interactions with key nuclear proteins in malignant T cells suggesting a novel non-canonical role in CTCL. Abstract Perturbation in JAK-STAT signaling has been reported in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). JAK3 is predominantly associated with the intra-cytoplasmic part of IL-2Rγc located in the plasma membrane of hematopoietic cells. Here we demonstrate that JAK3 is also ectopically expressed in the nucleus of malignant T cells. We detected nuclear JAK3 in various CTCL cell lines and primary malignant T cells from patients with Sézary syndrome, a leukemic variant of CTCL. Nuclear localization of JAK3 was independent of its kinase activity whereas STAT3 had a modest effect on nuclear JAK3 expression. Moreover, JAK3 nuclear localization was only weakly affected by blockage of nuclear export. An inhibitor of the nuclear export protein CRM1, Leptomycin B, induced an increased expression of SOCS3 in the nucleus, but only a weak increase in nuclear JAK3. Importantly, immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that JAK3 interacts with the nuclear protein POLR2A, the catalytic subunit of RNA Polymerase II. Kinase assays showed tyrosine phosphorylation of recombinant human Histone H3 by JAK3 in vitro—an effect which was blocked by the JAK inhibitor (Tofacitinib citrate). In conclusion, we provide the first evidence of nuclear localization of JAK3 in malignant T cells. Our findings suggest that JAK3 may have a cytokine-receptor independent function in the nucleus of malignant T cells, and thus a novel non-canonical role in CTCL.
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23
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No Easy Way Out for EZH2: Its Pleiotropic, Noncanonical Effects on Gene Regulation and Cellular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249501. [PMID: 33327550 PMCID: PMC7765048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) plays critical roles in a range of biological processes including organ development and homeostasis, epigenomic and transcriptomic regulation, gene repression and imprinting, and DNA damage repair. A widely known function of EZH2 is to serve as an enzymatic subunit of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and catalyze trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) for repressing target gene expression. However, an increasing body of evidence demonstrates that EZH2 has many "non-conventional" functions that go beyond H3K27 methylation as a Polycomb factor. First, EZH2 can methylate a number of nonhistone proteins, thereby regulating cellular processes in an H3K27me3-independent fashion. Furthermore, EZH2 relies on both methyltransferase-dependent and methyltransferase-independent mechanisms for modulating gene-expression programs and/or epigenomic patterns of cells. Importantly, independent of PRC2, EZH2 also forms physical interactions with a number of DNA-binding factors and transcriptional coactivators to context-dependently influence gene expression. The purpose of this review is to detail the complex, noncanonical roles of EZH2, which are generally less appreciated in gene and (epi)genome regulation. Because EZH2 deregulation is prevalent in human diseases such as cancer, there is increased dependency on its noncanonical function, which shall have important implications in developing more effective therapeutics.
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24
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Abstract
Although the first-line rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone regimen (R-CHOP) substantially improved outcomes for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 40% of the patients suffered from relapsed/refractory disease and had poor survival outcomes. The detailed mechanism underlying R-CHOP resistance has not been well defined. For this review, we conducted a thorough search for literature and clinical trials involving DLBCL resistance. We discussed DLBCL biology, epigenetics, and aberrant signaling of the B-cell receptor (BCR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB), and the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways as defining mechanisms of DLBCL heterogeneity and R-CHOP resistance. The cell of origin, double- or triple-hit lymphoma and double-protein-expression, clonal evolution, tumor microenvironment, and multi-drug resistance help to contextualize DLBCL resistance in an (epi)genetically and biologically comparative manner. With better understanding of the biological and molecular landscape of DLBCL, a more detailed classification system and tailored treatments will ideally become available to further improve the prognosis of DLBCL patients.
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25
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Wright GW, Huang DW, Phelan JD, Coulibaly ZA, Roulland S, Young RM, Wang JQ, Schmitz R, Morin RD, Tang J, Jiang A, Bagaev A, Plotnikova O, Kotlov N, Johnson CA, Wilson WH, Scott DW, Staudt LM. A Probabilistic Classification Tool for Genetic Subtypes of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma with Therapeutic Implications. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:551-568.e14. [PMID: 32289277 PMCID: PMC8459709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of precision medicine approaches for diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is confounded by its pronounced genetic, phenotypic, and clinical heterogeneity. Recent multiplatform genomic studies revealed the existence of genetic subtypes of DLBCL using clustering methodologies. Here, we describe an algorithm that determines the probability that a patient's lymphoma belongs to one of seven genetic subtypes based on its genetic features. This classification reveals genetic similarities between these DLBCL subtypes and various indolent and extranodal lymphoma types, suggesting a shared pathogenesis. These genetic subtypes also have distinct gene expression profiles, immune microenvironments, and outcomes following immunochemotherapy. Functional analysis of genetic subtype models highlights distinct vulnerabilities to targeted therapy, supporting the use of this classification in precision medicine trials.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Precision Medicine
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Wright
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Da Wei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James D Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zana A Coulibaly
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sandrine Roulland
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan M Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Q Wang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roland Schmitz
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Tang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Aixiang Jiang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Calvin A Johnson
- Office of Intramural Research, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wyndham H Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David W Scott
- British Columbia Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Dutta P, Zhang L, Zhang H, Peng Q, Montgrain PR, Wang Y, Song Y, Li J, Li WX. Unphosphorylated STAT3 in heterochromatin formation and tumor suppression in lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:145. [PMID: 32087696 PMCID: PMC7036253 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant JAK/STAT activation has been detected in many types of human cancers. The role of JAK/STAT activation in cancer has been mostly attributed to direct transcriptional regulation of target genes by phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT), while the unphosphorylated STAT (uSTAT) is believed to be dormant and reside in the cytoplasm. However, several studies have shown that uSTATs can be found in the nucleus. In addition, it has been shown that tissue-specific loss of STAT3 or STAT5 in mice promotes cancer growth in certain tissues, and thus these STAT proteins can act as tumor suppressors. However, no unifying mechanism has been shown for the tumor suppressor function of STATs to date. We have previously demonstrated a non-canonical mode of JAK/STAT signaling for Drosophila STAT and human STAT5A, where a fraction of uSTAT is in the nucleus and associated with Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1); STAT activation (by phosphorylation) causes its dispersal, leading to HP1 delocalization and heterochromatin loss. METHODS We used a combination of imaging, cell biological assays, and mouse xenografts to investigate the role of STAT3 in lung cancer development. RESULTS We found that uSTAT3 has a function in promoting heterochromatin formation in lung cancer cells, suppressing cell proliferation in vitro, and suppressing tumor growth in mouse xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Thus, uSTAT3 possesses noncanonical function in promoting heterochromatin formation, and the tumor suppressor function of STAT3 is likely attributable to the heterochromatin-promoting activity of uSTAT3 in the non-canonical JAK/STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranabananda Dutta
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Phillippe R Montgrain
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, CA92037, USA
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Respiratory Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Willis X Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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27
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Sun F, Fang X, Wang X. Signal Pathways and Therapeutic Prospects of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2047-2059. [PMID: 32009599 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190925143216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which is heterogeneous both clinically and morphologically. Over the past decades, significant advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular genesis, leading to the identification of multiple pathways and molecules that can be targeted for clinical benefit. OBJECTIVE The current review aims to present a brief overview of signal pathways of DLBCL, which mainly focus on B-cell antigen Receptor (BCR), Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB), Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) - protein kinase B (Akt) - mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Janus Kinase (JAK) - Signal Transducer and Activator (STAT), Wnt/β-catenin, and P53 pathways. METHODS Activation of signal pathways may contribute to the generation, development, chemotherapy sensitivity of DLBCL, and expression of pathway molecules is associated with the prognosis of DLBCL. Some agents targeting these pathways have been proved effective and relevant clinical trials are in progress. These agents used single or combined with chemotherapy/each other might raise the possibility of improving clinical outcomes in DLBCL. CONCLUSION This review presents several signal pathways of DLBCL and targeted agents had a tendency to improve the curative effect, especially in high-risk or relapsed/refractory DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiaosheng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No.324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.,Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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28
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STAT3 Activation and Oncogenesis in Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010019. [PMID: 31861597 PMCID: PMC7016717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important and the most studied transcription factor in the Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT signaling pathway. STAT3 mediates the expression of various genes that play a critical role in many cellular and biological processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, and inflammation. STAT3 and associated JAKs are activated and tightly regulated by a variety of cytokines and growth factors and their receptors in normal immune responses. However, abnormal expression of STAT3 leads to its constitutive activation, which promotes malignant transformation and tumor progression through oncogenic gene expression in numerous human cancers. Human lymphoma is a heterogeneous malignancy of T and B lymphocytes. Constitutive signaling by STAT3 is an oncogenic driver in several types of B-cell lymphoma and most of T-cell lymphomas. Aberrant STAT3 activation can also induce inappropriate expression of genes involved in tumor immune evasion such as PD-L1. In this review, we focus on the oncogenic role of STAT3 in human lymphoma and highlight potential therapeutic intervention by targeting JAK/STAT3 signaling.
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29
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Sims SG, Meares GP. Janus Kinase 1 Is Required for Transcriptional Reprograming of Murine Astrocytes in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:446. [PMID: 31680865 PMCID: PMC6797841 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER stress. To adapt, cells initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, severe or unresolved UPR activation leads to cell death and inflammation. The UPR is initiated, in part, by the trans-ER membrane kinase PKR-like ER kinase (PERK). Recent evidence indicates ER stress and inflammation are linked, and we have shown that this involves PERK-dependent signaling via Janus Kinase (JAK) 1. This signaling provokes the production of soluble inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2). We, therefore, hypothesized that JAK1 may control widespread transcriptional changes in response to ER stress. Here, using RNA sequencing of primary murine astrocytes, we demonstrate that JAK1 regulates approximately 10% of ER stress-induced gene expression and is required for a subset of PERK-dependent genes. Additionally, ER stress synergizes with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to drive inflammatory gene expression in a JAK1-dependent fashion. We identified that JAK1 contributes to activating transcription factor (ATF) 4-dependent gene expression, including expression of the genes growth arrest and DNA damage (GADD) 45α and tribbles (TRIB) 3 that have not previously been associated with JAK signaling. While these genes are JAK1 dependent in response to ER stress, expression of GADD45α and TRIB3 are not induced by the JAK1-activating cytokine, oncostatin M (OSM). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that JAK1 drives distinct transcriptional programs in response to OSM stimulation versus ER stress. Interestingly, JAK1-dependent genes induced by ER stress in an ATF4-dependent mechanism were unaffected by small molecule inhibition of JAK1, suggesting that, in response to UPR activation, JAK1 initiates gene expression using non-canonical mechanisms. Overall, we have identified that JAK1 is a major regulator of ER stress-induced gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah G. Sims
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Gordon P. Meares
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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30
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Young RM, Phelan JD, Wilson WH, Staudt LM. Pathogenic B-cell receptor signaling in lymphoid malignancies: New insights to improve treatment. Immunol Rev 2019; 291:190-213. [PMID: 31402495 PMCID: PMC6693651 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Signals emanating from the B-cell receptor (BCR) promote proliferation and survival in diverse forms of B-cell lymphoma. Precision medicine strategies targeting the BCR pathway have been generally effective in treating lymphoma, but often fail to produce durable responses in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a common and aggressive cancer. New insights into DLBCL biology garnered from genomic analyses and functional proteogenomic studies have identified novel modes of BCR signaling in this disease. Herein, we describe the distinct roles of antigen-dependent and antigen-independent BCR signaling in different subtypes of DLBCL. We highlight mechanisms by which the BCR cooperates with TLR9 and mutant isoforms of MYD88 to drive sustained NF-κB activity in the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of DLBCL. Finally, we discuss progress in detecting and targeting oncogenic BCR signaling to improve the survival of patients with lymphoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/metabolism
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/etiology
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphoid/therapy
- Lymphoma/diagnosis
- Lymphoma/etiology
- Lymphoma/metabolism
- Lymphoma/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD. 20892
| | - James D. Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD. 20892
| | - Wyndham H. Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD. 20892
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD. 20892
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31
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Chan LC, Li CW, Xia W, Hsu JM, Lee HH, Cha JH, Wang HL, Yang WH, Yen EY, Chang WC, Zha Z, Lim SO, Lai YJ, Liu C, Liu J, Dong Q, Yang Y, Sun L, Wei Y, Nie L, Hsu JL, Li H, Ye Q, Hassan MM, Amin HM, Kaseb AO, Lin X, Wang SC, Hung MC. IL-6/JAK1 pathway drives PD-L1 Y112 phosphorylation to promote cancer immune evasion. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3324-3338. [PMID: 31305264 PMCID: PMC6668668 DOI: 10.1172/jci126022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of immune receptors and ligands, such as T cell receptor and coinhibitory molecules, regulates immune signaling activation and immune surveillance. However, how oncogenic signaling initiates glycosylation of coinhibitory molecules to induce immunosuppression remains unclear. Here we show that IL-6-activated JAK1 phosphorylates programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Tyr112, which recruits the endoplasmic reticulum-associated N-glycosyltransferase STT3A to catalyze PD-L1 glycosylation and maintain PD-L1 stability. Targeting of IL-6 by IL-6 antibody induced synergistic T cell killing effects when combined with anti-T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (anti-Tim-3) therapy in animal models. A positive correlation between IL-6 and PD-L1 expression was also observed in hepatocellular carcinoma patient tumor tissues. These results identify a mechanism regulating PD-L1 glycosylation initiation and suggest the combination of anti-IL-6 and anti-Tim-3 as an effective marker-guided therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hung-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Er-Yen Yen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhengyu Zha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jielin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qiongzhu Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital and Cancer Metastasis Institute and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Linlin Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lei Nie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Ye
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Manal M. Hassan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hesham M. Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ahmed O. Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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32
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Noncanonical IFN Signaling, Steroids, and STATs: A Probable Role of V-ATPase. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:4143604. [PMID: 31275057 PMCID: PMC6558600 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4143604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A small group of only seven transcription factors known as STATs (signal transducer and activator of transcription) are considered to be canonical determinants of specific gene activation for a plethora of ligand/receptor systems. The activation of STATs involves a family of four tyrosine kinases called JAK kinases. JAK1 and JAK2 activate STAT1 in the cytoplasm at the heterodimeric gamma interferon (IFNγ) receptor, while JAK1 and TYK2 activate STAT1 and STAT2 at the type I IFN heterodimeric receptor. The same STATs and JAKs are also involved in signaling by functionally different cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. Related to this, IFNγ-activated STAT1 binds to the IFNγ-activated sequence (GAS) element, but so do other STATs that are not involved in IFNγ signaling. Activated JAKs such as JAK2 and TYK2 are also involved in the epigenetics of nucleosome unwrapping for exposure of DNA to transcription. Furthermore, activated JAKs and STATs appear to function coordinately for specific gene activation. These complex events have not been addressed in canonical STAT signaling. Additionally, the function of noncoding enhancer RNAs, including their role in enhancer/promoter interaction is not addressed in the canonical STAT signaling model. In this perspective, we show that JAK/STAT signaling, involving membrane receptors, is essentially a variation of cytoplasmic nuclear receptor signaling. Focusing on IFN signaling, we showed that ligand, IFN receptor, the JAKs, and the STATs all undergo endocytosis and ATP-dependent nuclear translocation to promoters of genes specifically activated by IFNs. We argue here that the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump probably plays a key role in endosomal membrane crossing by IFNs for receptor cytoplasmic binding. Signaling of nuclear receptors such as those of estrogen and dihydrotestosterone provides templates for making sense of the specificity of gene activation by closely related cytokines, which has implications for lymphocyte phenotypes.
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Paglia S, Sollazzo M, Di Giacomo S, Strocchi S, Grifoni D. Exploring MYC relevance to cancer biology from the perspective of cell competition. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 63:49-59. [PMID: 31102666 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has long been regarded and treated as a foreign body appearing by mistake inside a living organism. However, now we know that cancer cells communicate with neighbours, thereby creating modified environments able to support their unusual need for nutrients and space. Understanding the molecular basis of these bi-directional interactions is thus mandatory to approach the complex nature of cancer. Since their discovery, MYC proteins have been showing to regulate a steadily increasing number of processes impacting cell fitness, and are consistently found upregulated in almost all human tumours. Of interest, MYC takes part in cell competition, an evolutionarily conserved fitness comparison strategy aimed at detecting weakened cells, which are then committed to death, removed from the tissue and replaced by fitter neighbours. During physiological development, MYC-mediated cell competition is engaged to eliminate cells with suboptimal MYC levels, so as to guarantee selective growth of the fittest and proper homeostasis, while transformed cells expressing high levels of MYC coopt cell competition to subvert tissue constraints, ultimately disrupting homeostasis. Therefore, the interplay between cells with different MYC levels may result in opposite functional outcomes, depending on the nature of the players. In the present review, we describe the most recent findings on the role of MYC-mediated cell competition in different contexts, with a special emphasis on its impact on cancer initiation and progression. We also discuss the relevance of competition-associated cell death to cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Paglia
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Manuela Sollazzo
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Simone Di Giacomo
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Silvia Strocchi
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Grifoni
- CanceЯEvolutionLab, University of Bologna, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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34
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Young RM, Phelan JD, Shaffer AL, Wright GW, Huang DW, Schmitz R, Johnson C, Oellerich T, Wilson W, Staudt LM. Taming the Heterogeneity of Aggressive Lymphomas for Precision Therapy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY-SERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030518-055734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genomic analyses of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are revealing the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of these aggressive lymphomas. In part, this heterogeneity reflects the existence of distinct genetic subtypes that acquire characteristic constellations of somatic genetic alterations to converge on the DLBCL phenotype. In parallel, functional genomic screens and proteomic analyses have identified multiprotein assemblies that coordinate oncogenic survival signaling in DLBCL. In this review, we merge these recent insights into a unified conceptual framework with implications for the design of precision medicine trials in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Young
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - James D. Phelan
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Arthur L. Shaffer
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - George W. Wright
- Biometric Research Branch, Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Da Wei Huang
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Roland Schmitz
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Calvin Johnson
- Office of Intramural Research, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Wyndham Wilson
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Louis M. Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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35
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Parsaclisib, a potent and highly selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. Blood 2019; 133:1742-1752. [PMID: 30803990 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-867499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase 1/2 study assessed parsaclisib (INCB050465), a next-generation, potent, and highly selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies, alone or in combination with a Janus kinase 1 inhibitor (itacitinib) or chemotherapy (rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide). Seventy-two patients received parsaclisib monotherapy (5-45 mg once daily). Expansion doses were 20 and 30 mg once daily; intermittent dosing at 20 mg (once daily for 9 weeks, then once weekly) was explored. No dose-limiting toxicities were identified, and maximum tolerated dose was not reached. Most common nonhematologic treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were diarrhea/colitis (36%), nausea (36%), fatigue (31%), and rash (31%). Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 19% of patients. Serious TEAEs (>2 patients) were diarrhea/colitis (n = 9), pyrexia (n = 4), hypotension (n = 3), and sepsis (n = 3). Aspartate and alanine transaminase elevations occurring before treatment discontinuation were grade 1, except 1 grade 3 event each, secondary to sepsis. Two patients experienced 3 fatal parsaclisib-unrelated TEAEs (respiratory failure; respiratory failure and sepsis). In non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), objective response rates to monotherapy were 71% in follicular lymphoma, 78% in marginal zone lymphoma, 67% in mantle cell lymphoma, and 30% in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; 93% of responses occurred at first assessment (∼9 weeks). Parsaclisib has demonstrated antitumor activity in relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL with the potential for improved long-term patient outcomes. Phase 2 studies in relapsed or refractory B-cell NHL subtypes are ongoing. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02018861.
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36
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Herrera SC, Bach EA. JAK/STAT signaling in stem cells and regeneration: from Drosophila to vertebrates. Development 2019; 146:dev167643. [PMID: 30696713 PMCID: PMC6361132 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The JAK/STAT pathway is a conserved metazoan signaling system that transduces cues from extracellular cytokines into transcriptional changes in the nucleus. JAK/STAT signaling is best known for its roles in immunity. However, recent work has demonstrated that it also regulates critical homeostatic processes in germline and somatic stem cells, as well as regenerative processes in several tissues, including the gonad, intestine and appendages. Here, we provide an overview of JAK/STAT signaling in stem cells and regeneration, focusing on Drosophila and highlighting JAK/STAT pathway functions in proliferation, survival and cell competition that are conserved between Drosophila and vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador C Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Erika A Bach
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Stem Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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37
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Nixon BR, Sebag SC, Glennon MS, Hall EJ, Kounlavong ES, Freeman ML, Becker JR. Nuclear localized Raf1 isoform alters DNA-dependent protein kinase activity and the DNA damage response. FASEB J 2018; 33:1138-1150. [PMID: 30106602 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800336r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Raf1/c-Raf is a well-characterized serine/threonine-protein kinase that links Ras family members with the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. We have identified a novel splice isoform of human Raf1 that causes protein truncation and loss of the C-terminal kinase domain (Raf1-tr). We found that Raf1-tr has increased nuclear localization compared with full-length Raf1, and this finding was secondary to reduced binding of Raf1-tr to the cytoplasmic chaperone FK506 binding protein 5. We show that Raf1-tr has increased binding to DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which inhibits DNA-PK function and causes amplification of irradiation- and bleomycin-induced DNA damage. We found that the human colorectal cancer cell line, HCT-116, displayed reduced expression of Raf1-tr, and reintroduction of Raf1-tr sensitized the cells to bleomycin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified differential Raf1-tr expression in breast cancer cell lines and showed that breast cancer cells with increased Raf1-tr expression become sensitized to bleomycin-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these results demonstrate a novel Raf1 isoform in humans that has a unique noncanonical role in regulating the double-stranded DNA damage response pathway through modulation of DNA-PK function.-Nixon, B. R., Sebag, S. C., Glennon, M. S., Hall, E. J., Kounlavong, E. S., Freeman, M. L., Becker, J. R. Nuclear localized Raf1 isoform alters DNA-dependent protein kinase activity and the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Nixon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Michael S Glennon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Eric J Hall
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Emily S Kounlavong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Jason R Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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38
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Fontán L, Qiao Q, Hatcher JM, Casalena G, Us I, Teater M, Durant M, Du G, Xia M, Bilchuk N, Chennamadhavuni S, Palladino G, Inghirami G, Philippar U, Wu H, Scott DA, Gray NS, Melnick A. Specific covalent inhibition of MALT1 paracaspase suppresses B cell lymphoma growth. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4397-4412. [PMID: 30024860 DOI: 10.1172/jci99436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The paracaspase MALT1 plays an essential role in activated B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL) downstream of B cell and TLR pathway genes mutated in these tumors. Although MALT1 is considered a compelling therapeutic target, the development of tractable and specific MALT1 protease inhibitors has thus far been elusive. Here, we developed a target engagement assay that provides a quantitative readout for specific MALT1-inhibitory effects in living cells. This enabled a structure-guided medicinal chemistry effort culminating in the discovery of pharmacologically tractable, irreversible substrate-mimetic compounds that bind the MALT1 active site. We confirmed that MALT1 targeting with compound 3 is effective at suppressing ABC DLBCL cells in vitro and in vivo. We show that a reduction in serum IL-10 levels exquisitely correlates with the drug pharmacokinetics and degree of MALT1 inhibition in vitro and in vivo and could constitute a useful pharmacodynamic biomarker to evaluate these compounds in clinical trials. Compound 3 revealed insights into the biology of MALT1 in ABC DLBCL, such as the role of MALT1 in driving JAK/STAT signaling and suppressing the type I IFN response and MHC class II expression, suggesting that MALT1 inhibition could prime lymphomas for immune recognition by cytotoxic immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Fontán
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qi Qiao
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John M Hatcher
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriella Casalena
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ilkay Us
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matt Teater
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matt Durant
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guangyan Du
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min Xia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natalia Bilchuk
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Spandan Chennamadhavuni
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giuseppe Palladino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ulrike Philippar
- Oncology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, and.,Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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39
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Phase 1 study of the PI3Kδ inhibitor INCB040093 ± JAK1 inhibitor itacitinib in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma. Blood 2018; 132:293-306. [PMID: 29695516 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-812701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) and Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways contribute to tumor cell proliferation and survival in B-cell malignancies, their simultaneous inhibition may provide synergistic treatment efficacy. This phase 1 dose-escalation/expansion study assessed the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of INCB040093, a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, as monotherapy or combined with itacitinib (formerly INCB039110), a selective JAK1 inhibitor, in adult patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphomas. Final results are reported. Overall, 114 patients were treated (monotherapy, n = 49; combination therapy, n = 72 [7 patients crossed over from monotherapy to combination]). INCB040093 100 mg twice daily (monotherapy) and INCB040093 100 mg twice daily + itacitinib 300 mg once daily (combination) were the recommended phase 2 doses. One dose-limiting toxicity (gastrointestinal bleed secondary to gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [DLBCL] regression) occurred with monotherapy. The most common serious adverse events with monotherapy were pneumonia (n = 5) and pyrexia (n = 4), and with combination Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (n = 5), pneumonia (unrelated to P jiroveci; n = 5), and pyrexia (n = 4). Grade 3 or higher transaminase elevations were less common with combination. INCB040093 was active across the B-cell lymphomas; 63% of patients (5/8) with follicular lymphoma responded to monotherapy. Adding itacitinib provided promising activity in select subtypes, with responses of 67% (14/21) in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (vs 29% [5/17] with monotherapy) and 31% (4/13) in nongerminal center B-cell-like DLBCL. INCB040093 with/without itacitinib was tolerated and active in this study, and is a promising treatment strategy for patients with select R/R B-cell lymphomas. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01905813.
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40
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BTK Cys481Ser drives ibrutinib resistance via ERK1/2 and protects BTK wild-type MYD88-mutated cells by a paracrine mechanism. Blood 2018; 131:2047-2059. [PMID: 29496671 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-811752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired ibrutinib resistance due to BTKCys481 mutations occurs in B-cell malignancies, including those with MYD88 mutations. BTKCys481 mutations are usually subclonal, and their relevance to clinical progression remains unclear. Moreover, the signaling pathways that promote ibrutinib resistance remain to be clarified. We therefore engineered BTKCys481Ser and BTKWT expressing MYD88-mutated Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and activated B-cell (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells and observed reactivation of BTK-PLCγ2-ERK1/2 signaling in the presence of ibrutinib in only the former. Use of ERK1/2 inhibitors triggered apoptosis in BTKCys481Ser-expressing cells and showed synergistic cytotoxicity with ibrutinib. ERK1/2 reactivation in ibrutinib-treated BTKCys481Ser cells was accompanied by release of many prosurvival and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10 that were also blocked by ERK1/2 inhibition. To clarify if cytokine release by ibrutinib-treated BTKCys481Ser cells could protect BTKWT MYD88-mutated malignant cells, we used a Transwell coculture system and showed that nontransduced BTKWT MYD88-mutated WM or ABC DLBCL cells were rescued from ibrutinib-induced killing when cocultured with BTKCys481Ser but not their BTKWT-expressing counterparts. Use of IL-6 and/or IL-10 blocking antibodies abolished the protective effect conferred on nontransduced BTKWT by coculture with BTKCys481Ser expressing WM or ABC DLBCL cell counterparts. Rebound of IL-6 and IL-10 serum levels also accompanied disease progression in WM patients with acquired BTKCys481 mutations. Our findings show that the BTKCys481Ser mutation drives ibrutinib resistance in MYD88-mutated WM and ABC DLBCL cells through reactivation of ERK1/2 and can confer a protective effect on BTKWT cells through a paracrine mechanism.
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Somatic IL4R mutations in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma lead to constitutive JAK-STAT signaling activation. Blood 2018; 131:2036-2046. [PMID: 29467182 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-808907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL) is a distinct subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma thought to arise from thymic medullary B cells. Gene mutations underlying the molecular pathogenesis of the disease are incompletely characterized. Here, we describe novel somatic IL4R mutations in 15 of 62 primary cases of PMBCL (24.2%) and in all PMBCL-derived cell lines tested. The majority of mutations (11/21; 52%) were hotspot single nucleotide variants in exon 8, leading to an I242N amino acid change in the transmembrane domain. Functional analyses establish this mutation as gain of function leading to constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and upregulation of downstream cytokine expression profiles and B cell-specific antigens. Moreover, expression of I242N mutant IL4R in a mouse xenotransplantation model conferred growth advantage in vivo. The pattern of concurrent mutations within the JAK-STAT signaling pathway suggests additive/synergistic effects of these gene mutations contributing to lymphomagenesis. Our data establish IL4R mutations as novel driver alterations and provide a strong preclinical rationale for therapeutic targeting of JAK-STAT signaling in PMBCL.
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Gene regulation and suppression of type I interferon signaling by STAT3 in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E498-E505. [PMID: 29295936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT3 is constitutively activated in many cancers and regulates gene expression to promote cancer cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and migration. In diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), activation of STAT3 and its kinase JAK1 is caused by autocrine production of IL-6 and IL-10 in the activated B cell-like subtype (ABC). However, the gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this aggressive lymphoma by STAT3 are not well characterized. Here we performed genome-wide analysis and identified 2,251 STAT3 direct target genes, which involve B cell activation, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Whole-transcriptome profiling revealed that STAT3 acts as both a transcriptional activator and a suppressor, with a comparable number of up- and down-regulated genes. STAT3 regulates multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, including NF-κB, a cell-cycle checkpoint, PI3K/AKT/mTORC1, and STAT3 itself. In addition, STAT3 negatively regulates the lethal type I IFN signaling pathway by inhibiting expression of IRF7, IRF9, STAT1, and STAT2 Inhibition of STAT3 activity by ruxolitinib synergizes with the type I IFN inducer lenalidomide in growth inhibition of ABC DLBCL cells in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Therefore, this study provides a mechanistic rationale for clinical trials to evaluate ruxolitinib or a specific JAK1 inhibitor combined with lenalidomide in ABC DLBCL.
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Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is central to signaling by receptors of diverse cytokines, growth factors, and other related molecules. Many of these receptors transmit anti-apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation signals that are critical for normal hematopoiesis and immune response. However, the JAK/STAT signaling pathway is deregulated in many hematologic malignancies, and as such is co-opted by malignant cells to promote their survival and proliferation. It has recently come to light that an alternative mechanism, wherein nuclear JAKs epigenetically modify the chromatin to increase gene expression independent of STATs, also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many hematologic malignancies. In this review, we will focus on common genetic alterations of the JAK family members in leukemia and lymphoma, and provide examples in which JAKs regulate gene expression by targeting the cancer epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Drennan
- a Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center , University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , WI , USA
| | - Lixin Rui
- a Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center , University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health , Madison , WI , USA
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44
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Lu Z, Hong CC, Jark PC, Assumpção ALFV, Bollig N, Kong G, Pan X. JAK1/2 Inhibitors AZD1480 and CYT387 Inhibit Canine B-Cell Lymphoma Growth by Increasing Apoptosis and Disrupting Cell Proliferation. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1804-1815. [PMID: 28960447 PMCID: PMC5697192 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common and aggressive hematologic malignancy. The lack of conventional therapies with sustainable efficacy warrants further investigation of novel therapeutics. The Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways play important roles in the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies in humans including DLBCLs. AZD1480 and CYT387 are novel JAK1/2 inhibitors that have been used in clinical trials for treating various hematologic cancers in humans. No studies have characterized the antitumor effects of JAK inhibitors on DLBCL in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesize that JAK1/2 inhibitors AZD1480 and CYT387 can effectively inhibit growth of canine DLBCL in vitro. We aim to assess the antitumor activity of AZD1480 and CYT387 in canine DLBCL and to determine the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods In vitro study of canine lymphoma cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis by viability, proliferation and apoptosis assays. Results A significant decrease in viable canine lymphoma cells was observed after AZD1480 and CYT387 treatments. In addition, AZD1480 and CYT387 treatment resulted in decreased lymphoma cell proliferation and increased early apoptosis. Conclusion and Clinical Importance AZD1480 and CYT387 inhibit canine lymphoma cell growth in a dose‐dependent manner. Our findings justify further phase I/II clinical investigations of the safety and efficacy of JAK1/2 inhibitors in canine DLBCL and suggest new opportunities for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lu
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - C C Hong
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - P C Jark
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Universidae Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho-Campus de Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - A L F V Assumpção
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - N Bollig
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - G Kong
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X Pan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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45
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Karube K, Enjuanes A, Dlouhy I, Jares P, Martin-Garcia D, Nadeu F, Ordóñez GR, Rovira J, Clot G, Royo C, Navarro A, Gonzalez-Farre B, Vaghefi A, Castellano G, Rubio-Perez C, Tamborero D, Briones J, Salar A, Sancho JM, Mercadal S, Gonzalez-Barca E, Escoda L, Miyoshi H, Ohshima K, Miyawaki K, Kato K, Akashi K, Mozos A, Colomo L, Alcoceba M, Valera A, Carrió A, Costa D, Lopez-Bigas N, Schmitz R, Staudt LM, Salaverria I, López-Guillermo A, Campo E. Integrating genomic alterations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifies new relevant pathways and potential therapeutic targets. Leukemia 2017; 32:675-684. [PMID: 28804123 PMCID: PMC5843901 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome studies of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have revealed a large number of somatic mutations and structural alterations. However, the clinical significance of these alterations is still not well defined. In this study, we have integrated the analysis of targeted next-generation sequencing of 106 genes and genomic copy number alterations (CNA) in 150 DLBCL. The clinically significant findings were validated in an independent cohort of 111 patients. Germinal center B-cell and activated B-cell DLBCL had a differential profile of mutations, altered pathogenic pathways and CNA. Mutations in genes of the NOTCH pathway and tumor suppressor genes (TP53/CDKN2A), but not individual genes, conferred an unfavorable prognosis, confirmed in the independent validation cohort. A gene expression profiling analysis showed that tumors with NOTCH pathway mutations had a significant modulation of downstream target genes, emphasizing the relevance of this pathway in DLBCL. An in silico drug discovery analysis recognized 69 (46%) cases carrying at least one genomic alteration considered a potential target of drug response according to early clinical trials or preclinical assays in DLBCL or other lymphomas. In conclusion, this study identifies relevant pathways and mutated genes in DLBCL and recognizes potential targets for new intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karube
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - A Enjuanes
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Dlouhy
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Jares
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Martin-Garcia
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Nadeu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J Rovira
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Clot
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Royo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Navarro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Gonzalez-Farre
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Vaghefi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Castellano
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Rubio-Perez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Tamborero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Briones
- Servei de Patologia, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Salar
- Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Sancho
- ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Mercadal
- ICO-Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - L Escoda
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - H Miyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - K Ohshima
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - K Miyawaki
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Kato
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - A Mozos
- Servei de Patologia, Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Colomo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Alcoceba
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Biología Molecular/Histocompatibilidad, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Valera
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Carrió
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Costa
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Lopez-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Research Unit on Biomedical Informatics, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Schmitz
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L M Staudt
- Lymphoid Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - I Salaverria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - A López-Guillermo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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Schaffer M, Chaturvedi S, Davis C, Aquino R, Stepanchick E, Versele M, Liu Y, Yang J, Lu R, Balasubramanian S. Identification of potential ibrutinib combinations in hematological malignancies using a combination high-throughput screen. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:931-940. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1349899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schaffer
- Oncology, Translational Research, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Shalini Chaturvedi
- Oncology, Translational Research, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Cuc Davis
- Oncology, Translational Research, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Regina Aquino
- Oncology, Translational Research, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Emily Stepanchick
- Oncology, Translational Research, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Janssen China Research & Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Janssen China Research & Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongzhen Lu
- Janssen China Research & Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Sriram Balasubramanian
- Oncology, Translational Research, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, PA, USA
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47
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Lollies A, Hartmann S, Schneider M, Bracht T, Weiß AL, Arnolds J, Klein-Hitpass L, Sitek B, Hansmann ML, Küppers R, Weniger MA. An oncogenic axis of STAT-mediated BATF3 upregulation causing MYC activity in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2017; 32:92-101. [PMID: 28659618 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) feature high expression of activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors, which regulate various physiological processes but also promote lymphomagenesis. The AP-1 factor basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like 3 (BATF3), is highly transcribed in cHL and ALCL; however, its functional importance in lymphomagenesis is unknown. Here we show that proto-typical CD30+ lymphomas, namely cHL (21/30) and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (8/9), but also CD30+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (15/20) frequently express BATF3 protein. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation established interactions of BATF3 with JUN and JUNB in cHL and ALCL lines. BATF3 knockdown using short hairpin RNAs was toxic for cHL and ALCL lines, reducing their proliferation and survival. We identified MYC as a critical BATF3 target and confirmed binding of BATF3 to the MYC promoter. JAK/STAT signaling regulated BATF3 expression, as chemical JAK2 inhibition reduced and interleukin 13 stimulation induced BATF3 expression in cHL lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation substantiated a direct regulation of BATF3 by STAT proteins in cHL and ALCL lines. In conclusion, we identified STAT-mediated BATF3 expression that is essential for lymphoma cell survival and promoted MYC activity in cHL and ALCL, hence we recognized a new oncogenic axis in these lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lollies
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Hartmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Schneider
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Bracht
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A L Weiß
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Arnolds
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Klein-Hitpass
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Sitek
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M-L Hansmann
- Dr Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M A Weniger
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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48
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Kubuschok B, Trepel M. Learning from the failures of drug discovery in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and perspectives for the future: chronic lymphocytic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as two ends of a spectrum in drug development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:733-745. [PMID: 28494631 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1329293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite substantial recent advances, there is still an unmet need for better therapies in B-cell non Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL), especially in relapsed or refractory disease. Many novel targeted drugs have been developed based on a better molecular understanding of B-NHL. Areas covered: This article focuses on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as a representative for indolent lymphomas and paradigmatic for the tremendous progress in treating B-NHL on the one hand and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as a representative for aggressive lymphomas and paradigmatic for many unsolved problems in lymphoma treatment or the other hand. We highlight salient points in current therapies targeting genetic, epigenetic, immunological and microenvironmental alterations. Possible reasons for drug failure in clinical trials like tumor heterogeneity, clonal evolution and drug resistance mechanisms are discussed. Based thereon, some perspectives for further drug discovery are given. Expert opinion: In view of the pathogenetic complexity of lymphomas, therapies targeting exclusively a single alteration may fail because resistance mechanisms are present either initially or evolve during treatment. Therefore, future therapies in B-NHL may have to target the greatest possible number of genetic, immunological or epigenetic alterations still allowing tolerability and to monitor these alterations during therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Kubuschok
- a Department of Internal Medicine II , Klinikum Augsburg , Augsburg , Germany.,b Department of Hematology and Oncology , University of Saarland Medical School , Homburg , Germany
| | - Martin Trepel
- a Department of Internal Medicine II , Klinikum Augsburg , Augsburg , Germany.,c Department of Oncology and Hematology , University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
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49
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Zaytseva O, Quinn LM. Controlling the Master: Chromatin Dynamics at the MYC Promoter Integrate Developmental Signaling. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8040118. [PMID: 28398229 PMCID: PMC5406865 DOI: 10.3390/genes8040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor and cell growth regulator MYC is potently oncogenic and estimated to contribute to most cancers. Decades of attempts to therapeutically target MYC directly have not resulted in feasible clinical applications, and efforts have moved toward indirectly targeting MYC expression, function and/or activity to treat MYC-driven cancer. A multitude of developmental and growth signaling pathways converge on the MYC promoter to modulate transcription through their downstream effectors. Critically, even small increases in MYC abundance (<2 fold) are sufficient to drive overproliferation; however, the details of how oncogenic/growth signaling networks regulate MYC at the level of transcription remain nebulous even during normal development. It is therefore essential to first decipher mechanisms of growth signal-stimulated MYC transcription using in vivo models, with intact signaling environments, to determine exactly how these networks are dysregulated in human cancer. This in turn will provide new modalities and approaches to treat MYC-driven malignancy. Drosophila genetic studies have shed much light on how complex networks signal to transcription factors and enhancers to orchestrate Drosophila MYC (dMYC) transcription, and thus growth and patterning of complex multicellular tissue and organs. This review will discuss the many pathways implicated in patterning MYC transcription during development and the molecular events at the MYC promoter that link signaling to expression. Attention will also be drawn to parallels between mammalian and fly regulation of MYC at the level of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Zaytseva
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Leonie M Quinn
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
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50
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Zhu F, Hwang B, Miyamoto S, Rui L. Nuclear Import of JAK1 Is Mediated by a Classical NLS and Is Required for Survival of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:348-357. [PMID: 28031410 PMCID: PMC5473959 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
JAKs are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that are generally found in association with cytokine receptors. In the canonical pathway, roles of JAKs have well been established in activating STATs in response to cytokine stimulation to modulate gene transcription. In contrast, a noncanonical role of JAK2 has recently been discovered, in which JAK2 in the nucleus imparts the epigenetic regulation of gene transcription through phosphorylation of tyrosine 41 on the histone protein H3. Recent work further demonstrated that this noncanonical mechanism is conserved with JAK1, which is activated by the autocrine cytokines IL6 and IL10 in activated B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC DLBCL), a cancer type that is particularly difficult to treat and has poor prognosis. However, how JAK1 gains access to the nucleus to enable epigenetic regulation remains undefined. Here, we investigated this question and revealed that JAK1 has a classical nuclear localization signal toward the N-terminal region, which can be recognized by multiple importin α isoforms. Moreover, the nuclear import of JAK1 is independent of its kinase activity but is required for the optimal expansion of ABC DLBCL cells in vitroImplications: This study demonstrates that the nuclear import of JAK1 is essential for the optimal fitness of ABC DLBCL cells, and targeting JAK1 nuclear localization is a potential therapeutic strategy for ABC DLBCL. Mol Cancer Res; 15(3); 348-57. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Byounghoon Hwang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shigeki Miyamoto
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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