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Leoni C, Vinci L, Marzano M, D’Erchia AM, Dellino M, Cox SN, Vitagliano A, Visci G, Notario E, Filomena E, Cicinelli E, Pesole G, Ceci LR. Endometrial Cancer: A Pilot Study of the Tissue Microbiota. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1090. [PMID: 38930472 PMCID: PMC11205883 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endometrium remains a difficult tissue for the analysis of microbiota, mainly due to the low bacterial presence and the sampling procedures. Among its pathologies, endometrial cancer has not yet been completely investigated for its relationship with microbiota composition. In this work, we report on possible correlations between endometrial microbiota dysbiosis and endometrial cancer. METHODS Women with endometrial cancer at various stages of tumor progression were enrolled together with women with a benign polymyomatous uterus as the control. Analyses were performed using biopsies collected at two specific endometrial sites during the surgery. This study adopted two approaches: the absolute quantification of the bacterial load, using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and the analysis of the bacterial composition, using a deep metabarcoding NGS procedure. RESULTS ddPCR provided the first-ever assessment of the absolute quantification of bacterial DNA in the endometrium, confirming a generally low microbial abundance. Metabarcoding analysis revealed a different microbiota distribution in the two endometrial sites, regardless of pathology, accompanied by an overall higher prevalence of pathogenic bacterial genera in cancerous tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results pave the way for future studies aimed at identifying potential biomarkers and gaining a deeper understanding of the role of bacteria associated with tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Leoni
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola n. 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Lorenzo Vinci
- 2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (M.D.); (A.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola n. 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Anna Maria D’Erchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Via Orabona n. 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.D.); (S.N.C.); (G.V.); (E.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Miriam Dellino
- 2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (M.D.); (A.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Sharon Natasha Cox
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Via Orabona n. 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.D.); (S.N.C.); (G.V.); (E.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- 2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (M.D.); (A.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Grazia Visci
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Via Orabona n. 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.D.); (S.N.C.); (G.V.); (E.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Notario
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola n. 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Ermes Filomena
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Via Orabona n. 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.D.); (S.N.C.); (G.V.); (E.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- 2nd Unit of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.V.); (M.D.); (A.V.); (E.C.)
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari A. Moro, Via Orabona n. 4, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.M.D.); (S.N.C.); (G.V.); (E.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Luigi Ruggiero Ceci
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Amendola n. 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.M.); (E.N.)
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2
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Arndt ND, Hershkovitz E, Shah L, Kjærnes K, Yang CY, Balakrishnan PP, Shariff MS, Tauro S, Gopman DB, Kirby BJ, Grutter AJ, Tybell T, Kim H, Need RF. Reduction-Induced Magnetic Behavior in LaFeO 3-δ Thin Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1188. [PMID: 38473659 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The effect of oxygen reduction on the magnetic properties of LaFeO3-δ (LFO) thin films was studied to better understand the viability of LFO as a candidate for magnetoionic memory. Differences in the amount of oxygen lost by LFO and its magnetic behavior were observed in nominally identical LFO films grown on substrates prepared using different common methods. In an LFO film grown on as-received SrTiO3 (STO) substrate, the original perovskite film structure was preserved following reduction, and remnant magnetization was only seen at low temperatures. In a LFO film grown on annealed STO, the LFO lost significantly more oxygen and the microstructure decomposed into La- and Fe-rich regions with remnant magnetization that persisted up to room temperature. These results demonstrate an ability to access multiple, distinct magnetic states via oxygen reduction in the same starting material and suggest LFO may be a suitable materials platform for nonvolatile multistate memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Arndt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eitan Hershkovitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Labdhi Shah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kristoffer Kjærnes
- Department of Electronic Systems, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chao-Yao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300093, Taiwan
| | - Purnima P Balakrishnan
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Mohammed S Shariff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shaun Tauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel B Gopman
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Brian J Kirby
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Alexander J Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MA 20899, USA
| | - Thomas Tybell
- Department of Electronic Systems, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Honggyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ryan F Need
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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3
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Han H, Jacquet Q, Jiang Z, Sayed FN, Jeon JC, Sharma A, Schankler AM, Kakekhani A, Meyerheim HL, Park J, Nam SY, Griffith KJ, Simonelli L, Rappe AM, Grey CP, Parkin SSP. Li iontronics in single-crystalline T-Nb 2O 5 thin films with vertical ionic transport channels. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1128-1135. [PMID: 37500959 PMCID: PMC10465368 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The niobium oxide polymorph T-Nb2O5 has been extensively investigated in its bulk form especially for applications in fast-charging batteries and electrochemical (pseudo)capacitors. Its crystal structure, which has two-dimensional (2D) layers with very low steric hindrance, allows for fast Li-ion migration. However, since its discovery in 1941, the growth of single-crystalline thin films and its electronic applications have not yet been realized, probably due to its large orthorhombic unit cell along with the existence of many polymorphs. Here we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of single-crystalline T-Nb2O5 thin films, critically with the ionic transport channels oriented perpendicular to the film's surface. These vertical 2D channels enable fast Li-ion migration, which we show gives rise to a colossal insulator-metal transition, where the resistivity drops by 11 orders of magnitude due to the population of the initially empty Nb 4d0 states by electrons. Moreover, we reveal multiple unexplored phase transitions with distinct crystal and electronic structures over a wide range of Li-ion concentrations by comprehensive in situ experiments and theoretical calculations, which allow for the reversible and repeatable manipulation of these phases and their distinct electronic properties. This work paves the way for the exploration of novel thin films with ionic channels and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Han
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Quentin Jacquet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, Grenoble, France
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Farheen N Sayed
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae-Chun Jeon
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arpit Sharma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Aaron M Schankler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Arvin Kakekhani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jucheol Park
- Test Analysis Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Nam
- Test Analysis Research Center, Gumi Electronics and Information Technology Research Institute, Gumi, Republic of Korea
| | - Kent J Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Laura Simonelli
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Stuart S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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4
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Liu G, Shang Y, Jia B, Guan X, Han L, Zhang X, Song H, Lu P. First-principles calculation of the optical properties of the YBa 2Cu 3O 7-δ oxygen vacancies model. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18927-18933. [PMID: 37350856 PMCID: PMC10283493 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01921g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We used first-principles methods to investigate how oxygen vacancy defects affect the optical properties of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (0 < δ < 1), a high-temperature superconductor with potential applications in optical detectors. We calculated the electronic structure of YBa2Cu3O7-δ with different amounts of oxygen vacancies at three different sites: Cu-O chains, CuO2 planes, and apical oxygens. The formation energy calculations support the formation of oxygen vacancies in the Cu-O chain at higher concentrations of vacancy defects, with a preference for alignment in the same chain. The presence of oxygen vacancies affects the optical absorption peak of YBa2Cu3O7-δ in different ways depending on their location and concentration. The optical absorption peaks in the visible range (1.6-3.2 eV) decrease in intensity and shift towards the infrared spectrum as oxygen vacancies increase. We demonstrate that oxygen vacancies can be used as a powerful tool to manipulate the optical response of YBa2Cu3O7-δ to different wavelengths in optical detector devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Interconnection and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Yuanhang Shang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Baonan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Xiaoning Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Lihong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055 Shaanxi China
| | - Haizhi Song
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
- School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
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5
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Guo W, Li M, Wu X, Liu Y, Ou T, Xiao C, Qiu Z, Zheng Y, Wang Y. Nonvolatile n-Type Doping and Metallic State in Multilayer-MoS 2 Induced by Hydrogenation Using Ionic-Liquid Gating. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8957-8965. [PMID: 36342413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the carrier density of layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is of fundamental significance for a wide range of electronic and optoelectronic applications. Herein, we applied the ionic-liquid-gating (ILG) method to inject the smallest ions, H+, into layered MoS2 to manipulate its carrier concentration. The measurements demonstrate that the injection of H+ realizes a nonvolatile n-type doping and metallic state in multilayer-MoS2 with a concentration of injection electron of ∼1.08 × 1013 cm-2 but has no effect on monolayer-MoS2, which clearly reveals that the H+ is injected into the interlayer of MoS2, not in the crystal lattice. The H+-injected multilayer-MoS2 was then used as the contact electrodes of a monolayer-MoS2 field effect transistor to improve the contact quality, and its performance has been enhanced. Our work deepens the understanding of the ILG technology and extends its application in TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Guo
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device & State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengge Li
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device & State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device & State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Liu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device & State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjian Ou
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device & State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xiao
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device & State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanjie Qiu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device & State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device & State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yewu Wang
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device & State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, People's Republic of China
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6
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Wang Q, Gu Y, Chen C, Pan F, Song C. Oxide Spintronics as a Knot of Physics and Chemistry: Recent Progress and Opportunities. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10065-10075. [PMID: 36264651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal oxides (TMOs) constitute a key material family in spintronics because of mutually coupled degrees of freedom and tunable magneto-ionic properties. In this Perspective, we consider oxide spintronics as a knot of physics and chemistry and mainly discuss two current hot topics: spin-charge interconversion and magneto-ionics. First, spin-charge interconversion is focused on oxide films and heterostructures including 4d/5d heavy metal oxides (e.g., SrIrO3) and two-dimensional electron gases. Based on spin-charge interconversion, charge currents can be transformed to spin currents and generate spin-orbit torque in oxide/metal and all-oxide heterostructures. Additionally, the voltage control of magnetism in TMOs by the magneto-ionic pathway has rapidly accelerated during the past few years due to the versatile advantages of effective control, nonvolatile nature, low power cost, etc. Typical magneto-ionic oxide systems and corresponding physicochemical mechanisms will be discussed. Finally, further developments of oxide spintronics are envisioned, including material discovery, physics exploration, device design, and manipulation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Youdi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
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7
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Han H, Sharma A, Meyerheim HL, Yoon J, Deniz H, Jeon KR, Sharma AK, Mohseni K, Guillemard C, Valvidares M, Gargiani P, Parkin SSP. Control of Oxygen Vacancy Ordering in Brownmillerite Thin Films via Ionic Liquid Gating. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6206-6214. [PMID: 35377608 PMCID: PMC9047007 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen defects and their atomic arrangements play a significant role in the physical properties of many transition metal oxides. The exemplary perovskite SrCoO3-δ (P-SCO) is metallic and ferromagnetic. However, its daughter phase, the brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 (BM-SCO), is insulating and an antiferromagnet. Moreover, BM-SCO exhibits oxygen vacancy channels (OVCs) that in thin films can be oriented either horizontally (H-SCO) or vertically (V-SCO) to the film's surface. To date, the orientation of these OVCs has been manipulated by control of the thin film deposition parameters or by using a substrate-induced strain. Here, we present a method to electrically control the OVC ordering in thin layers via ionic liquid gating (ILG). We show that H-SCO (antiferromagnetic insulator, AFI) can be converted to P-SCO (ferromagnetic metal, FM) and subsequently to V-SCO (AFI) by the insertion and subtraction of oxygen throughout thick films via ILG. Moreover, these processes are independent of substrate-induced strain which favors formation of H-SCO in the as-deposited film. The electric-field control of the OVC channels is a path toward the creation of oxitronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Han
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arpit Sharma
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Holger L. Meyerheim
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jiho Yoon
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hakan Deniz
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kun-Rok Jeon
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ankit K. Sharma
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katayoon Mohseni
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Charles Guillemard
- ALBA
Synchrotron Light Source, E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
| | - Manuel Valvidares
- ALBA
Synchrotron Light Source, E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
| | - Pierluigi Gargiani
- ALBA
Synchrotron Light Source, E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona Spain
| | - Stuart S. P. Parkin
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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8
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Sanchez-Manzano D, Mesoraca S, Cuellar FA, Cabero M, Rouco V, Orfila G, Palermo X, Balan A, Marcano L, Sander A, Rocci M, Garcia-Barriocanal J, Gallego F, Tornos J, Rivera A, Mompean F, Garcia-Hernandez M, Gonzalez-Calbet JM, Leon C, Valencia S, Feuillet-Palma C, Bergeal N, Buzdin AI, Lesueur J, Villegas JE, Santamaria J. Extremely long-range, high-temperature Josephson coupling across a half-metallic ferromagnet. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:188-194. [PMID: 34857910 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Josephson effect results from the coupling of two superconductors across a spacer such as an insulator, a normal metal or a ferromagnet to yield a phase coherent quantum state. However, in junctions with ferromagnetic spacers, very long-range Josephson effects have remained elusive. Here we demonstrate extremely long-range (micrometric) high-temperature (tens of kelvins) Josephson coupling across the half-metallic manganite La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 combined with the superconducting cuprate YBa2Cu3O7. These planar junctions, in addition to large critical currents, display the hallmarks of Josephson physics, such as critical current oscillations driven by magnetic flux quantization and quantum phase locking effects under microwave excitation (Shapiro steps). The latter display an anomalous doubling of the Josephson frequency predicted by several theories. In addition to its fundamental interest, the marriage between high-temperature, dissipationless quantum coherent transport and full spin polarization brings opportunities for the practical realization of superconducting spintronics, and opens new perspectives for quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sanchez-Manzano
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Mesoraca
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - F A Cuellar
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Cabero
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Universidad Autonoma, Cantoblanco, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Microscopia Electronica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - V Rouco
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Orfila
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - X Palermo
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - A Balan
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - L Marcano
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Sander
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - M Rocci
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Thales Alenia Space Italia, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - F Gallego
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Tornos
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rivera
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Mompean
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC), Cantoblanco, Spain
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con Aplicación en Spintrónica, Unidad Asociada (UCM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Garcia-Hernandez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM, CSIC), Cantoblanco, Spain
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con Aplicación en Spintrónica, Unidad Asociada (UCM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Gonzalez-Calbet
- Centro Nacional de Microscopia Electronica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Leon
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Valencia
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Feuillet-Palma
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - N Bergeal
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - A I Buzdin
- LOMA, CNRS, Université Bordeaux, Talence, France
- Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - J Lesueur
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Javier E Villegas
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.
| | - J Santamaria
- GFMC, Departamento Fisica de Materiales, Facultad de Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratorio de Heteroestructuras con Aplicación en Spintrónica, Unidad Asociada (UCM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Vaquero D, Clericò V, Salvador-Sánchez J, Quereda J, Diez E, Pérez-Muñoz AM. Ionic-Liquid Gating in Two-Dimensional TMDs: The Operation Principles and Spectroscopic Capabilities. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12121576. [PMID: 34945426 PMCID: PMC8704478 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionic-liquid gating (ILG) is able to enhance carrier densities well above the achievable values in traditional field-effect transistors (FETs), revealing it to be a promising technique for exploring the electronic phases of materials in extreme doping regimes. Due to their chemical stability, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are ideal candidates to produce ionic-liquid-gated FETs. Furthermore, as recently discovered, ILG can be used to obtain the band gap of two-dimensional semiconductors directly from the simple transfer characteristics. In this work, we present an overview of the operation principles of ionic liquid gating in TMD-based transistors, establishing the importance of the reference voltage to obtain hysteresis-free transfer characteristics, and hence, precisely determine the band gap. We produced ILG-based bilayer WSe2 FETs and demonstrated their ambipolar behavior. We estimated the band gap directly from the transfer characteristics, demonstrating the potential of ILG as a spectroscopy technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vaquero
- Nanotechnology Group, USAL–Nanolab, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; (D.V.); (V.C.); (J.S.-S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Vito Clericò
- Nanotechnology Group, USAL–Nanolab, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; (D.V.); (V.C.); (J.S.-S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Juan Salvador-Sánchez
- Nanotechnology Group, USAL–Nanolab, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; (D.V.); (V.C.); (J.S.-S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jorge Quereda
- Nanotechnology Group, USAL–Nanolab, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; (D.V.); (V.C.); (J.S.-S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Enrique Diez
- Nanotechnology Group, USAL–Nanolab, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; (D.V.); (V.C.); (J.S.-S.); (J.Q.)
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (A.M.P.-M.)
| | - Ana M. Pérez-Muñoz
- Nanotechnology Group, USAL–Nanolab, Universidad de Salamanca, E-37008 Salamanca, Spain; (D.V.); (V.C.); (J.S.-S.); (J.Q.)
- FIW Consulting S.L., Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 4 las Rozas, E-28232 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.D.); (A.M.P.-M.)
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10
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Zhang X, Kim G, Yang Q, Wei J, Feng B, Ikuhara Y, Ohta H. Solid-State Electrochemical Switch of Superconductor-Metal-Insulators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:54204-54209. [PMID: 34734522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the oxygen content can manipulate the electrical conductivity of transition metal oxides (TMOs). Although the superconductor-metal-insulator transition is useful for functional devices, an electrical path must be developed to manipulate the oxygen deficiency (δ) while maintaining the solid state. YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO, 0 ≤ δ ≤ 1) is a high transition temperature (Tc) TMO that can be modulated from a superconductor (Tc ≈ 92 K when δ = 0) to an insulator (δ ≈ 1). Here, we show a simple and efficient way to manipulate δ in YBCO films using a solid-state electrochemical redox treatment. Applying a negative voltage injects oxide ions to the YBCO films, increasing Tc. Employing a positive voltage suppresses the superconducting transition and modulates the electrical conductivity. The present results demonstrate that the superconductor-metal-insulator transition of YBCO is modulated electrochemically in the solid state, opening possibilities of superconducting oxide-based device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Gowoon Kim
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Qian Yang
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Jiake Wei
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohta
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, N20W10, Kita, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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11
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Bridging oxygens, the key to the electrical behaviour improvement of an ionic liquid - glass composite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Murray PD, Jensen CJ, Quintana A, Zhang J, Zhang X, Grutter AJ, Kirby BJ, Liu K. Electrically Enhanced Exchange Bias via Solid-State Magneto-ionics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38916-38922. [PMID: 34347431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrically induced ionic motion offers a new way to realize voltage-controlled magnetism, opening the door to a new generation of logic, sensor, and data storage technologies. Here, we demonstrate an effective approach to magneto-ionically and electrically tune the exchange bias in Gd/Ni1-xCoxO thin films (x = 0.50 and 0.67), where neither of the layers alone is ferromagnetic at room temperature. The Gd capping layer deposited onto antiferromagnetic Ni1-xCoxO initiates a solid-state redox reaction that reduces an interfacial region of the oxide to ferromagnetic NiCo. An exchange bias is established after field cooling (FC), which can be enhanced by up to 35% after a voltage conditioning and subsequently reset with a second FC. These effects are caused by the presence of an interfacial ferromagnetic NiCo layer, which further alloys with the Gd layer upon FC and voltage application, as confirmed by electron microscopy and polarized neutron reflectometry studies. These results highlight the viability of the solid-state magneto-ionic approach to achieve electric control of exchange bias, with potential for energy-efficient magneto-ionic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyton D Murray
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christopher J Jensen
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Alberto Quintana
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Junwei Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander J Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Brian J Kirby
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Physics Department, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Physics Department, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
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13
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Mariano AL, Poloni R. Electric field-induced oxygen vacancies in YBa 2Cu 3O 7. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224703. [PMID: 34241196 DOI: 10.1063/5.0048597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The microscopic doping mechanism behind the superconductor-to-insulator transition of a thin film of YBa2Cu3O7 was recently identified as due to the migration of O atoms from the CuO chains of the film. Here, we employ density-functional theory calculations to study the evolution of the electronic structure of a slab of YBa2Cu3O7 in the presence of oxygen vacancies under the influence of an external electric field. We find that, under massive electric fields, isolated O atoms are pulled out of the surface consisting of CuO chains. As vacancies accumulate at the surface, a configuration with vacancies located in the chains inside the slab becomes energetically preferred, thus providing a driving force for O migration toward the surface. Regardless of the defect configuration studied, the electric field is always fully screened near the surface, thus negligibly affecting diffusion barriers across the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lorenzo Mariano
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roberta Poloni
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, SIMaP, 38000 Grenoble, France
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14
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Superconductor-insulator transition in space charge doped one unit cell Bi 2.1Sr 1.9CaCu 2O 8+x. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2926. [PMID: 34006876 PMCID: PMC8131387 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The superconductor-insulator transition in two dimensions is a prototype continuous quantum phase transition at absolute zero, driven by a parameter other than temperature. Here we reveal this transition in one unit-cell Bi2.1Sr1.9CaCu2O8+x by space charge doping, a field effect electrostatic doping technique. We determine the related critical parameters and develop a reliable way to estimate doping in the nonsuperconducting region, a crucial and central problem in these materials. Finite-size scaling analysis yields a critical doping of 0.057 holes/Cu, a critical resistance of ~6.85 kΩ and a scaling exponent product νz ~ 1.57. These results, together with earlier work in other materials, provide a coherent picture of the superconductor-insulator transition and its bosonic nature in the underdoped regime of emerging superconductivity in high critical temperature superconductors. Previous work on critical scaling at the superconductor-to-insulator transition has shown variations across different materials. Here, the authors use a space charge doping technique to tune the transition in a single layer cuprate sample and present evidence of the universal scaling behaviour.
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15
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A selective control of volatile and non-volatile superconductivity in an insulating copper oxide via ionic liquid gating. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:1607-1613. [PMID: 36659036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the superconducting states of high transition temperature (high-Tc) cuprate superconductors in an efficient and reliable way is of great importance for their applications in next-generation electronics. Here, employing ionic liquid gating, a selective control of volatile and non-volatile superconductivity is achieved in pristine insulating Pr2CuO4±δ (PCO) films, based on two distinct mechanisms. Firstly, with positive electric fields, the film can be reversibly switched between superconducting and non-superconducting states, attributed to the carrier doping effect. Secondly, the film becomes more resistive by applying negative bias voltage up to - 4 V, but strikingly, a non-volatile superconductivity is achieved once the gate voltage is removed. Such phenomenon represents a distinctive route of manipulating superconductivity in PCO, resulting from the doping healing of oxygen vacancies in copper-oxygen planes as unravelled by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscope and in situ X-ray diffraction experiments. The effective manipulation of volatile/non-volatile superconductivity in the same parent cuprate brings more functionalities to superconducting electronics, as well as supplies flexible samples for investigating the nature of quantum phase transitions in high-Tc superconductors.
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16
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Song D, Xue D, Zeng S, Li C, Venkatesan T, Ariando A, Pennycook SJ. Atomic Origin of Interface-Dependent Oxygen Migration by Electrochemical Gating at the LaAlO 3-SrTiO 3 Heterointerface. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000729. [PMID: 32775157 PMCID: PMC7404156 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrical control of material properties based on ionic liquids (IL) has seen great development and emerging applications in the field of functional oxides, mainly understood by the electrostatic and electrochemical gating mechanisms. Compared to the fast, flexible, and reproducible electrostatic gating, electrochemical gating is less controllable owing to the complex behaviors of ion migration. Here, the interface-dependent oxygen migration by electrochemical gating is resolved at the atomic scale in the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 system through ex situ IL gating experiments and on-site atomic-resolution characterization. The difference between interface structures leads to the controllable electrochemical oxygen migration by filling oxygen vacancies. The findings not only provide an atomic-scale insight into the origin of interface-dependent electrochemical gating but also demonstrate an effective way of engineering interface structure to control the electrochemical gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Song
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
- NUSNNI‐NanocoreNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
| | - Deqing Xue
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
| | - Shengwei Zeng
- NUSNNI‐NanocoreNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
- Department of PhysicsNational University of SingaporeSingapore117542Singapore
| | - Changjian Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
- NUSNNI‐NanocoreNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
| | - Thirumalai Venkatesan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
- NUSNNI‐NanocoreNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
- Department of PhysicsNational University of SingaporeSingapore117542Singapore
| | - Ariando Ariando
- NUSNNI‐NanocoreNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
- Department of PhysicsNational University of SingaporeSingapore117542Singapore
| | - Stephen J. Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117575Singapore
- NUSNNI‐NanocoreNational University of SingaporeSingapore117411Singapore
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17
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Cui B, Huan Y, Hu J. Electric field control of ordered oxygen vacancy planes and antiferromagnetic structures in strontium cobaltite. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:344001. [PMID: 32311681 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab8afe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The polarized ionic liquids (ILs) could generate intense electric fields on the surface of solid-state materials and create functional defects by ion migration within them, resulting in phase transitions of metal-insulator or paramagnet-ferromagnet, etc. Such a strong electric field even provides an opportunity for the control of spin ordering in antiferromagnetic (AFM) crystal which is difficult to be manipulated due to the strong exchange coupling between antiparallel spins in the whole bulk. Here we find that the ferromagnetic SrCoO3of 40 nm could be transformed to AFM SrCoO2.5with ordered oxygen vacancy planes either vertical (V-SrCoO2.5) or parallel (P-SrCoO2.5) to the surface by IL gating. The spin Hall magnetoresistances suggest that the AFM easy axes of V- and P-SrCoO2.5are along [010] and11¯0, respectively. The orientations of gating induced oxygen vacancy planes are related to the oxygen framework rotation in the parent SrCoO3and could be controlled by the strain engineering. Our results not only supply a novel way to manipulate the AFM spins by creating functional ordered defects, but also reveal the effect of oxygen framework rotation on the formation of oxygen vacancies under ionic liquid gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
- Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Yu Huan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifan Hu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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18
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Yi D, Wang Y, van ʼt Erve OMJ, Xu L, Yuan H, Veit MJ, Balakrishnan PP, Choi Y, N'Diaye AT, Shafer P, Arenholz E, Grutter A, Xu H, Yu P, Jonker BT, Suzuki Y. Emergent electric field control of phase transformation in oxide superlattices. Nat Commun 2020; 11:902. [PMID: 32060300 PMCID: PMC7021769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14631-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electric fields can transform materials with respect to their structure and properties, enabling various applications ranging from batteries to spintronics. Recently electrolytic gating, which can generate large electric fields and voltage-driven ion transfer, has been identified as a powerful means to achieve electric-field-controlled phase transformations. The class of transition metal oxides provide many potential candidates that present a strong response under electrolytic gating. However, very few show a reversible structural transformation at room-temperature. Here, we report the realization of a digitally synthesized transition metal oxide that shows a reversible, electric-field-controlled transformation between distinct crystalline phases at room-temperature. In superlattices comprised of alternating one-unit-cell of SrIrO3 and La0.2Sr0.8MnO3, we find a reversible phase transformation with a 7% lattice change and dramatic modulation in chemical, electronic, magnetic and optical properties, mediated by the reversible transfer of oxygen and hydrogen ions. Strikingly, this phase transformation is absent in the constituent oxides, solid solutions and larger period superlattices. Our findings open up this class of materials for voltage-controlled functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yi
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Yujia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Olaf M J van ʼt Erve
- Materials Science and Technology Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Liubin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Hongtao Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael J Veit
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Purnima P Balakrishnan
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yongseong Choi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Alpha T N'Diaye
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alexander Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-6102, USA
| | - Haixuan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Pu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, China.
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Berend T Jonker
- Materials Science and Technology Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - Yuri Suzuki
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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19
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Murray PD, Gilbert DA, Grutter AJ, Kirby BJ, Hernández-Maldonado D, Varela M, Brubaker ZE, Liyanage WLNC, Chopdekar RV, Taufour V, Zieve RJ, Jeffries JR, Arenholz E, Takamura Y, Borchers JA, Liu K. Interfacial-Redox-Induced Tuning of Superconductivity in YBa 2Cu 3O 7-δ. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4741-4748. [PMID: 31880904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state ionic approaches for modifying ion distributions in getter/oxide heterostructures offer exciting potentials to control material properties. Here, we report a simple, scalable approach allowing for manipulation of the superconducting transition in optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) films via a chemically driven ionic migration mechanism. Using a thin Gd capping layer of up to 20 nm deposited onto 100 nm thick epitaxial YBCO films, oxygen is found to leach from deep within the YBCO. Progressive reduction of the superconducting transition is observed, with complete suppression possible for a sufficiently thick Gd layer. These effects arise from the combined impact of redox-driven electron doping and modification of the YBCO microstructure due to oxygen migration and depletion. This work demonstrates an effective step toward total ionic tuning of superconductivity in oxides, an interface-induced effect that goes well into the quasi-bulk regime, opening-up possibilities for electric field manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin A Gilbert
- NIST Center for Neutron Research , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Alexander J Grutter
- NIST Center for Neutron Research , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Brian J Kirby
- NIST Center for Neutron Research , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - David Hernández-Maldonado
- Dept. de Física de Materiales & Instituto Pluridisciplinar , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040 , Spain
| | - Maria Varela
- Dept. de Física de Materiales & Instituto Pluridisciplinar , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Madrid 28040 , Spain
| | - Zachary E Brubaker
- ∇Materials Science Division and ○Physics Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - W L N C Liyanage
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Rajesh V Chopdekar
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Elke Arenholz
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | - Julie A Borchers
- NIST Center for Neutron Research , National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Physics Department , Georgetown University , Washington, D.C. 20057 , United States
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20
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Rafique M, Feng Z, Lin Z, Wei X, Liao M, Zhang D, Jin K, Xue QK. Ionic Liquid Gating Induced Protonation of Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7775-7780. [PMID: 31664842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ion injection controlled by electric field has attracted growing attention due to its tunability over bulk-like materials. Here, we achieve protonation of an electron-doped high-temperature superconductor, La2-xCexCuO4, by gating in the electrochemical regime of the ionic liquid. Such a process induces a superconductor-insulator transition together with the crossing of the Fermi surface reconstruction point. Applying negative voltages not only can reverse the protonation process but also recovers superconductivity in samples deteriorated by moisture in the ambient. Our work extends the application of electric-field-induced protonation into high-temperature cuprate superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Rafique
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zhongpei Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xinjian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Menghan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Ding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Kui Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qi-Kun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences , Beijing 100193 , China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information , Beijing 100084 , China
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21
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Leeuwenhoek M, Norte RA, Bastiaans KM, Cho D, Battisti I, Blanter YM, Gröblacher S, Allan MP. Nanofabricated tips for device-based scanning tunneling microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:335702. [PMID: 31022709 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1c7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication and performance of a new kind of tip for scanning tunneling microscopy. By fully incorporating a metallic tip on a silicon chip using modern micromachining and nanofabrication techniques, we realize so-called smart tips and show the possibility of device-based STM tips. Contrary to conventional etched metal wire tips, these can be integrated into lithographically defined electrical circuits. We describe a new fabrication method to create a defined apex on a silicon chip and experimentally demonstrate the high performance of the smart tips, both in stability and resolution. In situ tip preparation methods are possible and we verify that they can resolve the herringbone reconstruction and Friedel oscillations on Au(111) surfaces. We further present an overview of possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Leeuwenhoek
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands. Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Leighton C. Electrolyte-based ionic control of functional oxides. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:13-18. [PMID: 30542099 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0246-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrolyte gating to electrically control electronic, magnetic and optical properties of materials has seen strong recent growth, driven by the potential of the many devices and applications that such control may enable. Contrary to initial expectations of a purely electrostatic response based on electron or hole doping, electrochemical mechanisms based on the motion of ions are now understood to be common, suggesting promising new electrical control concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Leighton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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23
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Poloni R, Mariano AL, Prendergast D, Garcia-Barriocanal J. Probing the electric field-induced doping mechanism in YBa2Cu3O7 using computed Cu K-edge x-ray absorption spectra. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:234706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5055283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Poloni
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, SIMAP, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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24
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Zeng SW, Yin XM, Herng TS, Han K, Huang Z, Zhang LC, Li CJ, Zhou WX, Wan DY, Yang P, Ding J, Wee ATS, Coey JMD, Venkatesan T, Rusydi A, Ariando A. Oxygen Electromigration and Energy Band Reconstruction Induced by Electrolyte Field Effect at Oxide Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:146802. [PMID: 30339445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte gating is a powerful means for tuning the carrier density and exploring the resultant modulation of novel properties on solid surfaces. However, the mechanism, especially its effect on the oxygen migration and electrostatic charging at the oxide heterostructures, is still unclear. Here we explore the electrolyte gating on oxygen-deficient interfaces between SrTiO_{3} (STO) crystals and LaAlO_{3} (LAO) overlayer through the measurements of electrical transport, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectra. We found that oxygen vacancies (O_{vac}) were filled selectively and irreversibly after gating due to oxygen electromigration at the amorphous LAO/STO interface, resulting in a reconstruction of its interfacial band structure. Because of the filling of O_{vac}, the amorphous interface also showed an enhanced electron mobility and quantum oscillation of the conductance. Further, the filling effect could be controlled by the degree of the crystallinity of the LAO overlayer by varying the growth temperatures. Our results reveal the different effects induced by electrolyte gating, providing further clues to understand the mechanism of electrolyte gating on buried interfaces and also opening a new avenue for constructing high-mobility oxide interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Zeng
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - X M Yin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - T S Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - K Han
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Z Huang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - L C Zhang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - C J Li
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - W X Zhou
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - D Y Wan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - P Yang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - J Ding
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - A T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - J M D Coey
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - T Venkatesan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - A Rusydi
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore
| | - A Ariando
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), 28 Medical Drive, Singapore 117456, Singapore
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25
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Palau A, Fernandez-Rodriguez A, Gonzalez-Rosillo JC, Granados X, Coll M, Bozzo B, Ortega-Hernandez R, Suñé J, Mestres N, Obradors X, Puig T. Electrochemical Tuning of Metal Insulator Transition and Nonvolatile Resistive Switching in Superconducting Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30522-30531. [PMID: 30109805 PMCID: PMC6348441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of carrier concentration in strongly correlated oxides offers the unique opportunity to induce different phases in the same material, which dramatically change their physical properties, providing novel concepts in oxide electronic devices with engineered functionalities. This work reports on the electric manipulation of the superconducting to insulator phase transition in YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films by electrochemical oxygen doping. Both normal state resistance and the superconducting critical temperature can be reversibly manipulated in confined active volumes of the film by gate-tunable oxygen diffusion. Vertical and lateral oxygen mobility may be finely modulated, at the micro- and nano-scale, by tuning the applied bias voltage and operating temperature thus providing the basis for the design of homogeneous and flexible transistor-like devices with loss-less superconducting drain-source channels. We analyze the experimental results in light of a theoretical model, which incorporates thermally activated and electrically driven volume oxygen diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palau
- Institut de Ciència
de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | - Xavier Granados
- Institut de Ciència
de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariona Coll
- Institut de Ciència
de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Bernat Bozzo
- Institut de Ciència
de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rafael Ortega-Hernandez
- Institut de Ciència
de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Suñé
- Departament d’Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Narcís Mestres
- Institut de Ciència
de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Obradors
- Institut de Ciència
de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- Institut de Ciència
de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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26
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Direct imaging of structural changes induced by ionic liquid gating leading to engineered three-dimensional meso-structures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3055. [PMID: 30076292 PMCID: PMC6076294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled transformation of materials, both their structure and their physical properties, is key to many devices. Ionic liquid gating can induce the transformation of thin-film materials over long distances from the gated surface. Thus, the mechanism underlying this process is of considerable interest. Here we directly image, using in situ, real-time, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, the reversible transformation between the oxygen vacancy ordered phase brownmillerite SrCoO2.5 and the oxygen ordered phase perovskite SrCoO3. We show that the phase transformation boundary moves at a velocity that is highly anisotropic, traveling at speeds ~30 times faster laterally than through the thickness of the film. Taking advantage of this anisotropy, we show that three-dimensional metallic structures such as cylinders and rings can be realized. Our results provide a roadmap to the construction of complex meso-structures from their exterior surfaces. Local and reversible oxidation is used to exploit the very different properties of oxygen and vacancy ordered oxides. Here the authors directly image and make use of anisotropic migration velocities of oxygen in SrCoOx to create 3D meso-structures of those two phases by ionic liquid gating.
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27
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ON the Nature of Ionic Liquid Gating of La2−xSrxCuO4. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020566. [PMID: 29438349 PMCID: PMC5855788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids have recently been used as means of modulating the charge carrier properties of cuprates. The mechanism behind it, however, is still a matter of debate. In this paper we report experiments on ionic liquid gated ultrathin La2−xSrxCuO4 films. Our results show that the electrostatic part of gating has limited influence in the conductance of the cuprate in the gate voltage range of 0 to −2 V. A non-electrostatic mechanism takes over for gate voltages below −2 V. This mechanism most likely changes the oxygen concentration of the film. The results presented are in line with previous X-ray based studies on ionic liquid gating induced oxygenation of the cuprate materials YBa2Cu3O7−x and La2−xSrxCuO4.
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28
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Zhang L, Zeng S, Yin X, Asmara TC, Yang P, Han K, Cao Y, Zhou W, Wan D, Tang CS, Rusydi A, Venkatesan T. The Mechanism of Electrolyte Gating on High-T c Cuprates: The Role of Oxygen Migration and Electrostatics. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9950-9956. [PMID: 28960953 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b03978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte gating is widely used to induce large carrier density modulation on solid surfaces to explore various properties. Most of past works have attributed the charge modulation to electrostatic field effect. However, some recent reports have argued that the electrolyte gating effect in VO2, TiO2, and SrTiO3 originated from field-induced oxygen vacancy formation. This gives rise to a controversy about the gating mechanism, and it is therefore vital to reveal the relationship between the role of electrolyte gating and the intrinsic properties of materials. Here, we report entirely different mechanisms of electrolyte gating on two high-Tc cuprates, NdBa2Cu3O7-δ (NBCO) and Pr2-xCexCuO4 (PCCO), with different crystal structures. We show that field-induced oxygen vacancy formation in CuO chains of NBCO plays the dominant role, while it is mainly an electrostatic field effect in the case of PCCO. The possible reason is that NBCO has mobile oxygen in CuO chains, while PCCO does not. Our study helps clarify the controversy relating to the mechanism of electrolyte gating, leading to a better understanding of the role of oxygen electro migration which is very material specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Zhang
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
| | - Shengwei Zeng
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
| | - Xinmao Yin
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen, China 518060
| | - Teguh Citra Asmara
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603
| | - Ping Yang
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603
| | - Kun Han
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
| | - Yu Cao
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
| | - Wenxiong Zhou
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
| | - Dongyang Wan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
| | - Chi Sin Tang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456
| | - Andrivo Rusydi
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
- Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore , 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603
| | - Thirumalai Venkatesan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117411
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117551
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore , Singapore 117456
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117575
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