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Dhar A, Gupta SL, Saini P, Sinha K, Khandelwal A, Tyagi R, Singh A, Sharma P, Jaiswal RK. Nanotechnology-based theranostic and prophylactic approaches against SARS-CoV-2. Immunol Res 2024; 72:14-33. [PMID: 37682455 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has been an unpredicted burden on global healthcare system by infecting over 700 million individuals, with approximately 6 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 significantly impacted all sectors, but it very adversely affected the healthcare system. These effects were much more evident in the resource limited part of the world. Individuals with acute conditions were also severely impacted. Although classical COVID-19 diagnostics such as RT-PCR and rapid antibody testing have played a crucial role in reducing the spread of infection, these diagnostic techniques are associated with certain limitations. For instance, drawback of RT-PCR diagnostics is that due to degradation of viral RNA during shipping, it can give false negative results. Also, rapid antibody testing majorly depends on the phase of infection and cannot be performed on immune compromised individuals. These limitations in current diagnostic tools require the development of nanodiagnostic tools for early detection of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has necessitated the development of specific, responsive, accurate, rapid, low-cost, and simple-to-use diagnostic tools at point of care. In recent years, early detection has been a challenge for several health diseases that require prompt attention and treatment. Disease identification at an early stage, increased imaging of inner health issues, and ease of diagnostic processes have all been established using a new discipline of laboratory medicine called nanodiagnostics, even before symptoms have appeared. Nanodiagnostics refers to the application of nanoparticles (material with size equal to or less than 100 nm) for medical diagnostic purposes. The special property of nanomaterials compared to their macroscopic counterparts is a lesser signal loss and an enhanced electromagnetic field. Nanosize of the detection material also enhances its sensitivity and increases the signal to noise ratio. Microchips, nanorobots, biosensors, nanoidentification of single-celled structures, and microelectromechanical systems are some of the most modern nanodiagnostics technologies now in development. Here, we have highlighted the important roles of nanotechnology in healthcare sector, with a detailed focus on the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. We outline the different types of nanotechnology-based diagnostic devices for SARS-CoV-2 and the possible applications of nanomaterials in COVID-19 treatment. We also discuss the utility of nanomaterials in formulating preventive strategies against SARS-CoV-2 including their use in manufacture of protective equipment, formulation of vaccines, and strategies for directly hindering viral infection. We further discuss the factors hindering the large-scale accessibility of nanotechnology-based healthcare applications and suggestions for overcoming them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Dhar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | | | - Pratima Saini
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Kirti Sinha
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India
| | | | - Rohit Tyagi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Alka Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Feroze Gandhi College, Raebareli, U.P, India, 229001
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Patna Science College, Patna University, Patna, Bihar, India.
| | - Rishi Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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Semeniak D, Cruz DF, Chilkoti A, Mikkelsen MH. Plasmonic Fluorescence Enhancement in Diagnostics for Clinical Tests at Point-of-Care: A Review of Recent Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2107986. [PMID: 35332957 PMCID: PMC9986847 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based biosensors have widely been used in the life-sciences and biomedical applications due to their low limit of detection and a diverse selection of fluorophores that enable simultaneous measurements of multiple biomarkers. Recent research effort has been made to implement fluorescent biosensors into the exploding field of point-of-care testing (POCT), which uses cost-effective strategies for rapid and affordable diagnostic testing. However, fluorescence-based assays often suffer from their feeble signal at low analyte concentrations, which often requires sophisticated, costly, and bulky instrumentation to maintain high detection sensitivity. Metal- and metal oxide-based nanostructures offer a simple solution to increase the output signal from fluorescent biosensors due to the generation of high field enhancements close to a metal or metal oxide surface, which has been shown to improve the excitation rate, quantum yield, photostability, and radiation pattern of fluorophores. This article provides an overview of existing biosensors that employ various strategies for fluorescence enhancement via nanostructures and have demonstrated the potential for use as POCT. Biosensors using nanostructures such as planar substrates, freestanding nanoparticles, and metal-dielectric-metal nanocavities are discussed with an emphasis placed on technologies that have shown promise towards POCT applications without the need for centralized laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Semeniak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Daniela F. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Maiken H. Mikkelsen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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3
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Li D, Ren Y, Chen R, Wu H, Zhuang S, Zhang M. Label-free MXene-assisted field effect transistor for the determination of IL-6 in patients with kidney transplantation infection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:284. [PMID: 37417992 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A spiral interdigitated MXene-assisted field effect transistor (SiMFETs) was proposed for determination of IL-6 in patients with kidney transplantation infection. Our SiMFETs demonstrated enhanced IL-6 detection range of 10 fg/mL-100 ng/mL due to the combination of optimized transistor's structure and semiconducting nanocomposites. Specifically, on one hand, MXene-based field effect transistor drastically amplified the amperometric signal for determination of IL-6; on the other hand, the multiple spiral structure of interdigitated drain-source architecture improved the transconductance of FET biosensor. The developed SiMFETs biosensor demonstrated satisfactory stability for 2 months, and favorable reproducibility and selectivity against other biochemical interferences. The SiMFETs biosensor exhibited acceptable correlation coefficient (R2=0.955) in quantification of clinical biosamples. The sensor successfully distinguished the infected patients from the health control with enhanced AUC of 0.939 (sensitivity of 91.7%, specificity of 86.7%). Those merits introduced here may pave an alternative strategy for transistor-based biosensor in point-of-care clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaofei Ren
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyang Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Kang Y, Masud MK, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Nishat ZS, Zhao J, Jiang B, Sugahara Y, Pejovic T, Morgan T, Hossain MSA, Li H, Salomon C, Asahi T, Yamauchi Y. Au-Loaded Superparamagnetic Mesoporous Bimetallic CoFeB Nanovehicles for Sensitive Autoantibody Detection. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3346-3357. [PMID: 36744876 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Construction of a well-defined mesoporous nanostructure is crucial for applying nonnoble metals in catalysis and biomedicine owing to their highly exposed active sites and accessible surfaces. However, it remains a great challenge to controllably synthesize superparamagnetic CoFe-based mesoporous nanospheres with tunable compositions and exposed large pores, which are sought for immobilization or adsorption of guest molecules for magnetic capture, isolation, preconcentration, and purification. Herein, a facile assembly strategy of a block copolymer was developed to fabricate a mesoporous CoFeB amorphous alloy with abundant metallic Co/Fe atoms, which served as an ideal scaffold for well-dispersed loading of Au nanoparticles (∼3.1 nm) via the galvanic replacement reaction. The prepared Au-CoFeB possessed high saturation magnetization as well as uniform and large open mesopores (∼12.5 nm), which provided ample accessibility to biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, enzymes, proteins, and antibodies. Through this distinctive combination of superparamagnetism (CoFeB) and biofavorability (Au), the resulting Au-CoFeB was employed as a dispersible nanovehicle for the direct capture and isolation of p53 autoantibody from serum samples. Highly sensitive detection of the autoantibody was achieved with a limit of detection of 0.006 U/mL, which was 50 times lower than that of the conventional p53-ELISA kit-based detection system. Our assay is capable of quantifying differential expression patterns for detecting p53 autoantibodies in ovarian cancer patients. This assay provides a rapid, inexpensive, and portable platform with the potential to detect a wide range of clinically relevant protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Kang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Mostafa Kamal Masud
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yanna Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Yingji Zhao
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Zakia Sultana Nishat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yoshiyuki Sugahara
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Tanja Pejovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Terry Morgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | | | - Hexing Li
- The Education Ministry Key Lab of Resource Chemistry and Joint International Research Laboratory of Resource Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Toru Asahi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Hu R, Yang Y, Liu Y, Liao T, Liu Y, Tang J, Wang G, Wang G, Liang Y, Yuan J, Zhang B. Multiplexed evaluation of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants using surface enhanced fluorescence from a nanostructured plasmonic chip. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:533. [PMID: 36522786 PMCID: PMC9753017 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Generated by the immune system post-infection or through vaccination, the effectiveness of antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial for protecting individuals from the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, a platform for the multiplexed evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies against various variants was designed on the basis of near-infrared (NIR) surface enhanced fluorescence by nano-plasmonic gold chip (pGOLD). Antibody level across variants (Wild-type, Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron) was confirmed by the sera from recovered-individuals who were unvaccinated and had infected with Wild-type, Delta, Omicron variants. However, the neutralizing activity against Omicron variant was markedly decreased for individuals infected by Wild-type (~ 5.6-fold) and Delta variant (~ 19.1-fold). To the opposite, neutralizing antibody from individuals recovered from Omicron variant infection showed weak binding strength against non-Omicron variants. Antibody evolution over time was studied with individuals 196-530 days post Wild-type infection. Decreasing IgG antibody titer accompanied by increasing IgG binding avidity with elongated post-infection period were observed for the sera from Wild-type recovered-individuals with different post-infection times, suggesting that after the primary infection, a great number of antibodies were generated and then gradually decreased, while the antibody matured over time. By comparing the IgG level of individuals vaccinated for 27-51 days with individual post-infection, we found that ca. 1 month after two doses of vaccination, the antibody level was comparable to that of 500 days post-infection, and vaccination could enhance IgG avidity more efficiently. This work demonstrated a platform for the multiplexed, high-throughput and rapid screening of acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing a new approach for the analysis of vaccine effectiveness, immunity against emerging variants, and related serological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tao Liao
- WWHS Biotech. Inc, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiahu Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | | | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Yue Y, Nan J, Che Y, Xu H, Sun W, Zhang F, Wang L, Xu W, Niu J, Zhu S, Zhang J, Yang B. Thermal-annealing-regulated plasmonic enhanced fluorescence platform enables accurate detection of antigen/antibody against infectious diseases. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:3215-3223. [PMID: 36312893 PMCID: PMC9589690 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plasmonic enhanced fluorescence (PEF) technology is a powerful strategy to improve the sensitivity of immunofluorescence microarrays (IFMA), however, current approaches to constructing PEF platforms are either expensive/time-consuming or reliant on specialized instruments. Here, we develop a completely alternative approach relying on a two-step protocol that includes the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) at the water-oil interface and subsequent annealing-assisted regulation of gold nanogap. Our optimized thermal-annealing GNPs (TA-GNP) platform generates adequate hot spots, and thus produces high-density electromagnetic coupling, eventually enabling 240-fold fluorescence enhancement of probed dyes in the near-infrared region. For clinical detection of human samples, TA-GNP provides super-high sensitivity and low detection limits for both hepatitis B surface antigen and SARS-CoV-2 binding antibody, coupled with a much-improved detection dynamic range up to six orders of magnitude. With fast detection, high sensitivity, and low detection limit, TA-GNP could not only substantially improve the outcomes of IFMA-based precision medicine but also find applications in fields of proteomic research and clinical pathology. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (UV-Vis absorption and transmission spectra of GNPs, SEM, microscopy and digital images of PEF platforms, and fluorescence images of IFMA on PEF platforms) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5035-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Jingjie Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Yuanyuan Che
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Hongqin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Weihong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
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7
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Temporal reproducibility of IgG and IgM autoantibodies in serum from healthy women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6192. [PMID: 35418192 PMCID: PMC9008031 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are present in healthy individuals and altered in chronic diseases. We used repeated samples collected from participants in the NYU Women's Health Study to assess autoantibody reproducibility and repertoire stability over a one-year period using the HuProt array. We included two samples collected one year apart from each of 46 healthy women (92 samples). We also included eight blinded replicate samples to assess laboratory reproducibility. A total of 21,211 IgG and IgM autoantibodies were interrogated. Of those, 86% of IgG (n = 18,303) and 34% of IgM (n = 7,242) autoantibodies showed adequate lab reproducibility (coefficient of variation [CV] < 20%). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were estimated to assess temporal reproducibility. A high proportion of both IgG and IgM autoantibodies with CV < 20% (76% and 98%, respectively) showed excellent temporal reproducibility (ICC > 0.8). Temporal reproducibility was lower after using quantile normalization suggesting that batch variability was not an important source of error, and that normalization removed some informative biological information. To our knowledge this study is the largest in terms of sample size and autoantibody numbers to assess autoantibody reproducibility in healthy women. The results suggest that for many autoantibodies a single measurement may be used to rank individuals in studies of autoantibodies as etiologic markers of disease.
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Jin C, Wu Z, Molinski JH, Zhou J, Ren Y, Zhang JX. Plasmonic nanosensors for point-of-care biomarker detection. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100263. [PMID: 35514435 PMCID: PMC9062760 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancement of materials along with their fascinating properties play increasingly important role in facilitating the rapid progress in medicine. An excellent example is the recent development of biosensors based on nanomaterials that induce surface plasmon effect for screening biomarkers of various diseases ranging from cancer to Covid-19. The recent global pandemic re-confirmed the trend of real-time diagnosis in public health to be in point-of-care (POC) settings that can screen interested biomarkers at home, or literally anywhere else, at any time. Plasmonic biosensors, thanks to its versatile designs and extraordinary sensitivities, can be scaled into small and portable devices for POC diagnostic tools. In the meantime, efforts are being made to speed up, simplify and lower the cost of the signal readout process including converting the conventional heavy laboratory instruments into lightweight handheld devices. This article reviews the recent progress on the design of plasmonic nanomaterial-based biosensors for biomarker detection with a perspective of POC applications. After briefly introducing the plasmonic detection working mechanisms and devices, the selected highlights in the field focusing on the technology's design including nanomaterials development, structure assembly, and target applications are presented and analyzed. In parallel, discussions on the sensor's current or potential applicability in POC diagnosis are provided. Finally, challenges and opportunities in plasmonic biosensor for biomarker detection, such as the current Covid-19 pandemic and its testing using plasmonic biosensor and incorporation of machine learning algorithms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junhu Zhou
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
| | - Yundong Ren
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
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Han HF, Yen HC, Wu HC, Tan HY, Xu W, Jiang HS, Tsai PJ, Qian K, Wu YC, Chen CC. Ultrasensitive Detection of Alzheimer's Amyloids on a Plasmonic-Gold Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:57036-57042. [PMID: 34843217 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
More than 55 million people live with dementia worldwide in 2021, and there are nearly 10 million new cases every year. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Despite urgent need, early detection of AD and long-term monitoring of AD progression have been challenging. This is due to the limited availability of brain imaging facilities and the highly invasive procedure with the cerebrospinal fluid assay to assess the level of AD biomarkers, such as beta-amyloid (Aβ). Reliable measurements of AD biomarkers in blood samples are still difficult because of their very low abundance. Here, we develop a rapid, specific, and ultrasensitive immunoassay using plasmonic-gold nanoisland (pGOLD) chips with near-infrared fluorescence-enhanced detection for Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. We show step-by-step processes and results during the platform establishment, including antibody specificity and sensitivity tests, antibody pair examination, condition optimization, and procedure refinement. Finally, we demonstrate the platform performance with detection sensitivity at the subpicogram per milliliter level. This platform, therefore, has a great application potential for early detection of AD using blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fen Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Yen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Chest Hospital and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hang-Shiang Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jui Tsai
- Department of Orthopedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Chest Hospital and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yi-Chun Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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10
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Ullah Khan N, Muhammad Z, Liu X, Lin J, Zheng Q, Zhang H, Malik S, He H, Shen L. Ultrasensitive Detection of Exosome Using Biofunctionalized Gold Nanorods on a Silver-Island Film. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5532-5539. [PMID: 34138564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are often a promising source of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis in the early stages. Therefore, it is important to develop a sensitive and low-cost detection method. Here, we introduce a new substrate using gold nanorods (GNRs) on a silver-island film that produces a 360-fold AF647 molecule fluorescence enhancement compared to glass. The amplified fluorescence was proven theoretically by using finite difference time-domain simulation (FDTD). Utilizing the enhanced fluorescence from the substrate, GNRs attached with the biomolecules and created a sandwich immunoassay that can significantly detect human CD63 antigen on the exosome. By applying the method, the detection limit of mouse IgG goes down to 0.3 ng/mL, which is considerably better than the existing methods. Moreover, the sensitivity and accuracy for clinical plasma from six patients confirm its diagnostic feasibility. The proposed substrate can be uniformly extended to the identification of other biomarkers by modifying the antibodies on the surfaces of the GNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ullah Khan
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Zahir Muhammad
- College of Physics Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xukun Liu
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Qihong Zheng
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Huajie Zhang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Samiullah Malik
- School of basic medicine and health care center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
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11
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Park J, Lee S, Choi J, Choi I. Extra- and Intracellular Monitoring of TGF-β Using Single Immunoplasmonic Nanoprobes. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1823-1830. [PMID: 33755418 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a well-known disease-related biomarker associated with fibrotic diseases, and initiation and progression of cancer in many organs. Therefore, quantitative and sensitive detection of TGF-β and similar biomarkers is crucial for patient treatment in the early stages of diagnosis. In many studies, the detection of TGF-β, an important profibrotic and cancer promoting cytokine, has been generally conducted by fluorescence or absorbance-based immunoassays. However, conventional methods for detecting TGF-β have problems including use of time-consuming sample pretreatment steps and multiple reagents for signal amplification and difficulty in real-time detection from living cells. Herein, we present a plasmon-based immunoassay for TGF-β using antibody-conjugated single gold nanoparticles that act as optically excellent intracellular and extracellular detection probes that do not require additional signal amplification. To detect TGF-β sensitively and selectively, we exploited the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) property of antibody-conjugated plasmonic gold nanoparticles at a single particle level. By measuring the LSPR spectral shifts of the single plasmonic nanoprobes, TGF-β can be detected down to the picomolar level, which is comparable with the conventional methods but without significant interference from other proteins. The optimized plasmonic nanoprobes were applied to quantify and monitor the extracellular TGF-β level secreted from the cells under stress conditions, such as cancer, and exposure to toxic environments. Owing to the ease of cellular internalization of the nanoprobes, we directly image and detect increases in intracellular TGF-β levels in living cells under the given stress conditions without cell lysis. We envision that this strategy of using individual nanoparticles as sensors to monitor protein biomarkers in living cells could be applied for various biological assays and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02054, South Korea
| | - Seungki Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02054, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02054, South Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02054, South Korea
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12
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Zhang R, Jin Z, Tian Z, Liu Y, Lu Z, Cui Y. A straightforward and sensitive “ON–OFF” fluorescence immunoassay based on silicon-assisted surface enhanced fluorescence. RSC Adv 2021; 11:7723-7731. [PMID: 35423268 PMCID: PMC8695005 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward immunoassay based on silicon-assisted surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) has been demonstrated using a silicon-based fluorescent immune substrate and silver-antibody nanoconjugate (SANC). The P-doped, (100) oriented silicon wafers are used for both fluorophore attachment and antigen immobilization. The silicon substrate offers a very low blank signal in the “OFF” state, due to its fluorescence quenching effect. In the detection process, the capture of the SANCs by the surface-immobilized antigen leads to an effectively enhanced fluorescence to produce an “ON” state. The analytical performance of the presented scheme has been investigated and a limit of detection of 31.4 pg mL−1 has been obtained. Besides the broadened application range compared with the conventional immunoassays, the presented scheme is straightforward, cost effective and sensitive, and is hence expected to find widespread applications in immunoassays as well as other fluorescence-based assays. A straightforward immunoassay based on silicon-assisted surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) has been demonstrated using a silicon-based fluorescent immune substrate and silver-antibody nanoconjugate (SANC).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohu Zhang
- Advanced Photonics Center
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Zhanrui Jin
- Advanced Photonics Center
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Zhengqiu Tian
- Advanced Photonics Center
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Yingzhou Liu
- Advanced Photonics Center
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Zhengqi Lu
- Advanced Photonics Center
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
| | - Yiping Cui
- Advanced Photonics Center
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 210096
- China
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13
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14
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Chin LK, Son T, Hong JS, Liu AQ, Skog J, Castro CM, Weissleder R, Lee H, Im H. Plasmonic Sensors for Extracellular Vesicle Analysis: From Scientific Development to Translational Research. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14528-14548. [PMID: 33119256 PMCID: PMC8423498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), actively shed from a variety of neoplastic and host cells, are abundant in blood and carry molecular markers from parental cells. For these reasons, EVs have gained much interest as biomarkers of disease. Among a number of different analytical methods that have been developed, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) stands out as one of the ideal techniques given its sensitivity, robustness, and ability to miniaturize. In this Review, we compare different SPR platforms for EV analysis, including conventional SPR, nanoplasmonic sensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and plasmonic-enhanced fluorescence. We discuss different surface chemistries used to capture targeted EVs and molecularly profile their proteins and RNAs. We also highlight these plasmonic platforms' clinical applications, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of plasmonic sensing for EVs and their potentials for commercialization and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lip Ket Chin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Taehwang Son
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jae-Sang Hong
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Johan Skog
- Exosome Diagnostics, a Bio-techne brand, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Cesar M. Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Corresponding authors: Hyungsoon Im, Hakho Lee, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St. Rm. 6.229, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, 1-617-643-5679, ;
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Corresponding authors: Hyungsoon Im, Hakho Lee, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St. Rm. 6.229, Boston, MA, 02114, USA, 1-617-643-5679, ;
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15
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Cruz D, Fontes CM, Semeniak D, Huang J, Hucknall A, Chilkoti A, Mikkelsen MH. Ultrabright Fluorescence Readout of an Inkjet-Printed Immunoassay Using Plasmonic Nanogap Cavities. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4330-4336. [PMID: 32375003 PMCID: PMC7737629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based microarrays are promising diagnostic tools due to their high throughput, small sample volume requirements, and multiplexing capabilities. However, their low fluorescence output has limited their implementation for in vitro diagnostics applications in point-of-care (POC) settings. Here, by integration of a sandwich immunoassay microarray within a plasmonic nanogap cavity, we demonstrate strongly enhanced fluorescence which is critical for readout by inexpensive POC detectors. The immunoassay consists of inkjet-printed antibodies on a polymer brush which is grown on a gold film. Colloidally synthesized silver nanocubes are placed on top and interact with the underlying gold film creating high local electromagnetic field enhancements. By varying the thickness of the brush from 5 to 20 nm, up to a 151-fold increase in fluorescence and 14-fold improvement in the limit-of-detection is observed for the cardiac biomarker B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) compared to the unenhanced assay, paving the way for a new generation of POC clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela
F. Cruz
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Cassio M. Fontes
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Daria Semeniak
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jiani Huang
- Department
of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Angus Hucknall
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Maiken H. Mikkelsen
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- E-mail:
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16
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Xu W, Wang L, Zhang R, Sun X, Huang L, Su H, Wei X, Chen CC, Lou J, Dai H, Qian K. Diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial infarction on a plasmonic chip. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1654. [PMID: 32245966 PMCID: PMC7125217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases lead to 31.5% of deaths globally, and particularly myocardial infarction (MI) results in 7.4 million deaths per year. Diagnosis of MI and monitoring for prognostic use are critical for clinical management and biomedical research, which require advanced tools with accuracy and speed. Herein, we developed a plasmonic gold nano-island (pGold) chip assay for diagnosis and monitoring of MI. On-chip microarray analysis of serum biomarkers (e.g., cardiac troponin I) afforded up to 130-fold enhancement of near-infrared fluorescence for ultra-sensitive and quantitative detection within controlled periods, using 10 μL of serum only. The pGold chip assay achieved MI diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95.54%, superior to the standard chemiluminescence immunoassay in cardiovascular clinics. Further, we monitored biomarker concentrations regarding percutaneous coronary intervention for prognostic purpose. Our work demonstrated a designed approach using plasmonic materials for enhanced diagnosis and monitoring for prognostic use towards point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xuming Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haiyang Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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17
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A late B lymphocyte action in dysfunctional tissue repair following kidney injury and transplantation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1157. [PMID: 30858375 PMCID: PMC6411919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms initiating late immune responses to an allograft are poorly understood. Here we show, via transcriptome analysis of serial protocol biopsies from kidney transplants, that the initial responses to kidney injury correlate with a late B lymphocyte signature relating to renal dysfunction and fibrosis. With a potential link between dysfunctional repair and immunoreactivity, we investigate the immunological consequences of dysfunctional repair examining chronic disease in mouse kidneys 18 months after a bilateral ischemia/reperfusion injury event. In the absence of foreign antigens, a sustained immune response involving both innate and adaptive immune systems accompanies a transition to chronic kidney damage. At late stages, B lymphocytes exhibite an antigen-driven proliferation, selection and maturation into broadly-reacting antibody-secreting cells. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for dysfunctional tissue repair in local immunomodulation that may have particular relevance to transplant-associated immunobiology.
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18
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Yu T, Wei Q. Plasmonic molecular assays: Recent advances and applications for mobile health. NANO RESEARCH 2018; 11:5439-5473. [PMID: 32218913 PMCID: PMC7091255 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-018-2094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonics-based biosensing assays have been extensively employed for biomedical applications. Significant advancements in use of plasmonic assays for the construction of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic methods have been made to provide effective and urgent health care of patients, especially in resourcelimited settings. This rapidly progressive research area, centered on the unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of metallic nanostructures with exceptional absorption and scattering abilities, has greatly facilitated the development of cost-effective, sensitive, and rapid strategies for disease diagnostics and improving patient healthcare in both developed and developing worlds. This review highlights the recent advances and applications of plasmonic technologies for highly sensitive protein and nucleic acid biomarker detection. In particular, we focus on the implementation and penetration of various plasmonic technologies in conventional molecular diagnostic assays, and discuss how such modification has resulted in simpler, faster, and more sensitive alternatives that are suited for point-of-use. Finally, integration of plasmonic molecular assays with various portable POC platforms for mobile health applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Qingshan Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Campus Box 7905, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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