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Chiang PI, Chang KH, Tang HY, Wu YR, Cheng ML, Chen CM. Diagnostic Potential of Alternations of Bile Acid Profiles in the Plasma of Patients with Huntington's Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:394. [PMID: 39057717 PMCID: PMC11278952 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by progressive involuntary chorea movements and cognitive decline. Recent research indicates that metabolic disturbance may play a role in its pathogenesis. Bile acids, produced during cholesterol metabolism in the liver, have been linked to neurodegenerative conditions. This study investigated variations in plasma bile acid profiles among individuals with HD. Plasma levels of 16 primary and secondary bile acids and their conjugates were analyzed in 20 healthy controls and 33 HD patients, including 24 with symptoms (symHD) and 9 carriers in the presymptomatic stage (preHD). HD patients exhibited significantly higher levels of glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) and glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) compared to healthy controls. Conversely, isolithocholic acid levels were notably lower in the HD group. Neurotoxic bile acids (glycocholic acid (GCA) + glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) + GCDCA) were elevated in symHD patients, while levels of neuroprotective bile acids (ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) + GUDCA + tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)) were higher in preHD carriers, indicating a compensatory response to early neuronal damage. These results underscore the importance of changes in plasma bile acid profiles in HD and their potential involvement in disease mechanisms. The identified bile acids (GCDCA, GUDCA, and isolithocholic acid) could potentially serve as markers to distinguish between HD stages and healthy individuals. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to fully understand the clinical implications of these findings and their potential as diagnostic or therapeutic tools for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-I Chiang
- Department of Medical Education, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan;
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan-333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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2
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Lee YT, Senturk M, Guan Y, Wang MC. Bacteria-organelle communication in physiology and disease. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202310134. [PMID: 38748249 PMCID: PMC11096858 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202310134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria, omnipresent in our environment and coexisting within our body, exert dual beneficial and pathogenic influences. These microorganisms engage in intricate interactions with the human body, impacting both human health and disease. Simultaneously, certain organelles within our cells share an evolutionary relationship with bacteria, particularly mitochondria, best known for their energy production role and their dynamic interaction with each other and other organelles. In recent years, communication between bacteria and mitochondria has emerged as a new mechanism for regulating the host's physiology and pathology. In this review, we delve into the dynamic communications between bacteria and host mitochondria, shedding light on their collaborative regulation of host immune response, metabolism, aging, and longevity. Additionally, we discuss bacterial interactions with other organelles, including chloroplasts, lysosomes, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tang Lee
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Integrative Program of Molecular and Biochemical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mumine Senturk
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Youchen Guan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
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3
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Flynn MB, Flynn JF, Palacios AM. Capitalizing on Hope: Questionable Marketing Approval and Pricing of a New ALS Drug. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH AND HEALTH SERVICES 2024:27551938241247778. [PMID: 38646691 DOI: 10.1177/27551938241247778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory agencies must balance patient demands to access new treatments for fatal diseases with limited treatment options while ensuring drug safety and efficacy. However, questionable U.S. regulatory actions resulted in the early approval of AMX0035 to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by reconvening advisory commissions to obtain positive decisions and designating the drug as a new molecular entity. Data from one randomized clinical trial suggests minimal delays in disease progression and longer survivability, but debate remains about the lack of confirmatory evidence of effectiveness owing to study limitations. A patient's decision-making process details the experience of using the drug, including perspectives on access, cost, effectiveness, and adverse effects. In line with the "nichebuster" business model, the drugmaker, Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, is charging US$158,000/year/patient and thus forecast to turn a profit on a drug with debatable clinical effectiveness prior to completing a Phase 3 trial. Early marketing approval, despite community demands, is unnecessary and may have reduced access because of the end of a compassionate use program, and the high price tag results in restricted coverage and high out-of-pocket costs. Also, the drug's key ingredients are available as a generic and a supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Flynn
- Department of Political Science and International Studies, Georgia Southern University College of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | | | - Ana M Palacios
- Department of Health Policy and Community Health, Georgia Southern University Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Savannah, GA, USA
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Ahrens AP, Hyötyläinen T, Petrone JR, Igelström K, George CD, Garrett TJ, Orešič M, Triplett EW, Ludvigsson J. Infant microbes and metabolites point to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell 2024; 187:1853-1873.e15. [PMID: 38574728 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study has followed a birth cohort for over 20 years to find factors associated with neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) diagnosis. Detailed, early-life longitudinal questionnaires captured infection and antibiotic events, stress, prenatal factors, family history, and more. Biomarkers including cord serum metabolome and lipidome, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype, infant microbiota, and stool metabolome were assessed. Among the 16,440 Swedish children followed across time, 1,197 developed an ND. Significant associations emerged for future ND diagnosis in general and for specific ND subtypes, spanning intellectual disability, speech disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism. This investigation revealed microbiome connections to future diagnosis as well as early emerging mood and gastrointestinal problems. The findings suggest links to immunodysregulation and metabolism, compounded by stress, early-life infection, and antibiotics. The convergence of infant biomarkers and risk factors in this prospective, longitudinal study on a large-scale population establishes a foundation for early-life prediction and intervention in neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica P Ahrens
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro 702 81, Sweden
| | - Joseph R Petrone
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Kajsa Igelström
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Neurobiology, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
| | - Christian D George
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro 702 81, Sweden; Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Johnny Ludvigsson
- Crown Princess Victoria Children's Hospital and Division of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping 58185, Sweden
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5
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Oudejans E, Witkamp D, Hu-A-Ng GV, Hoogterp L, van Rooijen-van Leeuwen G, Kruijff I, Schonewille P, Lalaoui El Mouttalibi Z, Bartelink I, van der Knaap MS, Abbink TE. Pridopidine subtly ameliorates motor skills in a mouse model for vanishing white matter. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302199. [PMID: 38171595 PMCID: PMC10765115 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The leukodystrophy vanishing white matter (VWM) is characterized by chronic and episodic acute neurological deterioration. Curative treatment is presently unavailable. Pathogenic variants in the genes encoding eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) cause VWM and deregulate the integrated stress response (ISR). Previous studies in VWM mouse models showed that several ISR-targeting compounds ameliorate clinical and neuropathological disease hallmarks. It is unclear which ISR components are suitable therapeutic targets. In this study, effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, or pridopidine (PDPD), with ISR targets upstream or downstream of eIF2B, were assessed in VWM mice. In addition, it was found that the composite ataxia score represented motor decline of VWM mice more accurately than the previously used neuroscore. 4-phenylbutyric acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid did not improve VWM disease hallmarks, whereas PDPD had subtle beneficial effects on motor skills. PDPD alone does not suffice as treatment in VWM mice but may be considered for combination therapy. Also, treatments aimed at ISR components upstream of eIF2B do not improve chronic neurological deterioration; effects on acute episodic decline remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Oudejans
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diede Witkamp
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gino V Hu-A-Ng
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leoni Hoogterp
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gemma van Rooijen-van Leeuwen
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris Kruijff
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pleun Schonewille
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Lalaoui El Mouttalibi
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Imke Bartelink
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Truus Em Abbink
- https://ror.org/05grdyy37 Child Neurology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Duarte-Silva S, Da Silva JD, Monteiro-Fernandes D, Costa MD, Neves-Carvalho A, Raposo M, Soares-Cunha C, Correia JS, Nogueira-Goncalves G, Fernandes HS, Oliveira S, Ferreira-Fernandes AR, Rodrigues F, Pereira-Sousa J, Vilasboas-Campos D, Guerreiro S, Campos J, Meireles-Costa L, Rodrigues CM, Cabantous S, Sousa SF, Lima M, Teixeira-Castro A, Maciel P. Glucocorticoid receptor-dependent therapeutic efficacy of tauroursodeoxycholic acid in preclinical models of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e162246. [PMID: 38227368 PMCID: PMC10904051 DOI: 10.1172/jci162246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ataxin-3 (ATXN3) gene. No effective treatment is available for this disorder, other than symptom-directed approaches. Bile acids have shown therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative disease models. Here, we pinpointed tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) as an efficient therapeutic, improving the motor and neuropathological phenotype of SCA3 nematode and mouse models. Surprisingly, transcriptomic and functional in vivo data showed that TUDCA acts in neuronal tissue through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), but independently of its canonical receptor, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). TUDCA was predicted to bind to the GR, in a similar fashion to corticosteroid molecules. GR levels were decreased in disease-affected brain regions, likely due to increased protein degradation as a consequence of ATXN3 dysfunction being restored by TUDCA treatment. Analysis of a SCA3 clinical cohort showed intriguing correlations between the peripheral expression of GR and the predicted age at disease onset in presymptomatic subjects and FKBP5 expression with disease progression, suggesting this pathway as a potential source of biomarkers for future study. We have established a novel in vivo mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of TUDCA in SCA3 and propose this readily available drug for clinical trials in SCA3 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Duarte-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Diogo Da Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Medical Genetics Center Dr. Jacinto de Magalhães, Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Monteiro-Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marta Daniela Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia Neves-Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Raposo
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana S. Correia
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Nogueira-Goncalves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Henrique S. Fernandes
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM – Departamento de Biomedicina and
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stephanie Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Ferreira-Fernandes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernando Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Pereira-Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Daniela Vilasboas-Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Guerreiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Liliana Meireles-Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cecilia M.P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stephanie Cabantous
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, Université de Toulouse, UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sergio F. Sousa
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM – Departamento de Biomedicina and
- Associate Laboratory i4HB – Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Andreia Teixeira-Castro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patricia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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7
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Ekwudo MN, Gubert C, Hannan AJ. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in Huntington's disease: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38426291 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a currently incurable neurogenerative disorder and is typically characterized by progressive movement disorder (including chorea), cognitive deficits (culminating in dementia), psychiatric abnormalities (the most common of which is depression), and peripheral symptoms (including gastrointestinal dysfunction). There are currently no approved disease-modifying therapies available for HD, with death usually occurring approximately 10-25 years after onset, but some therapies hold promising potential. HD subjects are often burdened by chronic diarrhea, constipation, esophageal and gastric inflammation, and a susceptibility to diabetes. Our understanding of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in HD is in its infancy and growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests a role of gut microbial population imbalance (gut dysbiosis) in HD pathophysiology. The gut and the brain can communicate through the enteric nervous system, immune system, vagus nerve, and microbiota-derived-metabolites including short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and branched-chain amino acids. This review summarizes supporting evidence demonstrating the alterations in bacterial and fungal composition that may be associated with HD. We focus on mechanisms through which gut dysbiosis may compromise brain and gut health, thus triggering neuroinflammatory responses, and further highlight outcomes of attempts to modulate the gut microbiota as promising therapeutic strategies for HD. Ultimately, we discuss the dearth of data and the need for more longitudinal and translational studies in this nascent field. We suggest future directions to improve our understanding of the association between gut microbes and the pathogenesis of HD, and other 'brain and body disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent N Ekwudo
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carolina Gubert
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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8
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Ladakis DC, Harrison KL, Smith MD, Solem K, Gadani S, Jank L, Hwang S, Farhadi F, Dewey BE, Fitzgerald KC, Sotirchos ES, Saidha S, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P. Bile acid metabolites predict multiple sclerosis progression and supplementation is safe in progressive disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.17.24301393. [PMID: 38293182 PMCID: PMC10827276 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.24301393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Bile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) supplementation ameliorated disease in mouse models of MS. Methods Global metabolomics was performed in an observational cohort of people with MS followed by pathway analysis to examine relationships between baseline metabolite levels and subsequent brain and retinal atrophy. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, was completed in people with progressive MS (PMS), randomized to receive either TUDCA (2g daily) or placebo for 16 weeks. Participants were followed with serial clinical and laboratory assessments. Primary outcomes were safety and tolerability of TUDCA, and exploratory outcomes included changes in clinical, laboratory and gut microbiome parameters. Results In the observational cohort, higher primary bile acid levels at baseline predicted slower whole brain, brain substructure and specific retinal layer atrophy. In the clinical trial, 47 participants were included in our analyses (21 in placebo arm, 26 in TUDCA arm). Adverse events did not significantly differ between arms (p=0.77). The TUDCA arm demonstrated increased serum levels of multiple bile acids. No significant differences were noted in clinical or fluid biomarker outcomes. Central memory CD4+ and Th1/17 cells decreased, while CD4+ naïve cells increased in the TUDCA arm compared to placebo. Changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota were also noted in the TUDCA arm compared to placebo. Conclusion Bile acid metabolism in MS is linked with brain and retinal atrophy. TUDCA supplementation in PMS is safe, tolerable and has measurable biological effects that warrant further evaluation in larger trials with a longer treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C. Ladakis
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Kimystian L. Harrison
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Krista Solem
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sachin Gadani
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Larissa Jank
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Soonmyung Hwang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Farzaneh Farhadi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Blake E. Dewey
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Kathryn C. Fitzgerald
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Elias S. Sotirchos
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Shiv Saidha
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
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9
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Czarnik W, Fularski P, Gajewska A, Jakubowska P, Uszok Z, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Diet as Modulating Factors in the Course of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:308. [PMID: 38276546 PMCID: PMC10820408 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Many researchers propose manipulating microbiota to prevent and treat related diseases. The brain-gut axis is an object that remains the target of modern research, and it is not without reason that many researchers enrich it with microbiota and diet in its name. Numerous connections and mutual correlations have become the basis for seeking answers to many questions related to pathology as well as human physiology. Disorders of this homeostasis as well as dysbiosis itself accompany neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Heavily dependent on external factors, modulation of the gut microbiome represents an opportunity to advance the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Probiotic interventions, synbiotic interventions, or fecal transplantation can undoubtedly support the biotherapeutic process. A special role is played by diet, which provides metabolites that directly affect the body and the microbiota. A holistic view of the human organism is therefore essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Czarnik
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Fularski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Gajewska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Jakubowska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia Uszok
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Jung J, Lu Z, de Smith A, Mancuso N. Novel insight into the etiology of ischemic stroke gained by integrative multiome-wide association study. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:170-181. [PMID: 37824084 PMCID: PMC10772041 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke, characterized by sudden neurological deficits, is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified many genomic regions associated with ischemic stroke (IS), the genes underlying risk and their regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we integrate a large-scale GWAS (N = 1 296 908) for IS together with molecular QTLs data, including mRNA, splicing, enhancer RNA (eRNA), and protein expression data from up to 50 tissues (total N = 11 588). We identify 136 genes/eRNA/proteins associated with IS risk across 60 independent genomic regions and find IS risk is most enriched for eQTLs in arterial and brain-related tissues. Focusing on IS-relevant tissues, we prioritize 9 genes/proteins using probabilistic fine-mapping TWAS analyses. In addition, we discover that blood cell traits, particularly reticulocyte cells, have shared genetic contributions with IS using TWAS-based pheWAS and genetic correlation analysis. Lastly, we integrate our findings with a large-scale pharmacological database and identify a secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid, as a potential therapeutic component. Our work highlights IS risk genes/splicing-sites/enhancer activity/proteins with their phenotypic consequences using relevant tissues as well as identify potential therapeutic candidates for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Jung
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Zeyun Lu
- Biostatistics Division, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Adam de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
- Biostatistics Division, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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11
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Li J, Huang Z, Jin Y, Liang L, Li Y, Xu K, Zhou W, Li X. Neuroprotective Effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) on In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Retinal Disorders: A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1374-1390. [PMID: 37691227 PMCID: PMC11092919 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230907152207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a naturally produced hydrophilic bile acid that has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine. Numerous recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that TUDCA has neuroprotective action in various models of retinal disorders. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the scientific literature and provide a comprehensive summary on the neuroprotective action and the mechanisms involved in the cytoprotective effects of TUDCA. METHODS A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Systematic literature search of United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library was performed, which covered all original articles published up to July 2022. The terms, "TUDCA" in combination with "retina", "retinal protection", "neuroprotection" were searched. Possible biases were identified with the adopted SYRCLE's tool. RESULTS Of the 423 initially gathered studies, 24 articles met inclusion/exclusion criteria for full-text review. Six of them were in vitro experiments, 17 studies reported in vivo data and one study described both in vitro and in vivo data. The results revealed the effect of TUDCA on different retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal degeneration (RD), retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and retinal detachment (RDT). The quality scores of the in vivo studies were ranged from 5 to 7 points (total 10 points), according to SYRCLE's risk of bias tool. Both in vitro and in vivo data suggested that TUDCA could effectively delay degeneration and apoptosis of retinal neurons, preserve retinal structure and function, and its mechanism of actions might be related with inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing inflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and reducing angiogenesis. CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated that TUDCA has neuroprotective effect on in vivo and in vitro models of retinal disorders, reinforcing the currently available evidence that TUDCA could be a promising therapeutic agent in retinal diseases treatment. However, well designed clinical trials are necessary to appraise the efficacy of TUDCA in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian Li
- Department of Eye Function Laboratory, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Ziyang Huang
- Department of Eye Function Laboratory, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Eye Function Laboratory, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Lina Liang
- Department of Eye Function Laboratory, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Eye Function Laboratory, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Eye Function Laboratory, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Eye Function Laboratory, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Eye Function Laboratory, Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
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12
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Martin FP, Cominetti O, Berger B, Combremont S, Marquis J, Xie G, Jia W, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Bercik P, Bergonzelli G. Metabolome-associated psychological comorbidities improvement in irritable bowel syndrome patients receiving a probiotic. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2347715. [PMID: 38717445 PMCID: PMC11085950 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2347715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Our recent randomized, placebo-controlled study in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) patients with diarrhea or alternating bowel habits showed that the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum (BL) NCC3001 improves depression scores and decreases brain emotional reactivity. However, the involved metabolic pathways remain unclear. This analysis aimed to investigate the biochemical pathways underlying the beneficial effects of BL NCC3001 using metabolomic profiling. Patients received probiotic (1x 1010CFU, n=16) or placebo (n=19) daily for 6 weeks. Anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Brain activity in response to negative emotional stimuli was assessed by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Probiotic fecal abundance was quantified by qPCR. Quantitative measurement of specific panels of plasma host-microbial metabolites was performed by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Probiotic abundance in feces was associated with improvements in anxiety and depression scores, and a decrease in amygdala activation. The probiotic treatment increased the levels of butyric acid, tryptophan, N-acetyl tryptophan, glycine-conjugated bile acids, and free fatty acids. Butyric acid concentration correlated with lower anxiety and depression scores, and decreased amygdala activation. Furthermore, butyric acid concentration correlated with the probiotic abundance in feces. In patients with non-constipation IBS, improvements in psychological comorbidities and brain emotional reactivity were associated with an increased abundance of BL NCC3001 in feces and specific plasma metabolites, mainly butyric acid. These findings suggest the importance of a probiotic to thrive in the gut and highlight butyric acid as a potential biochemical marker linking microbial metabolism with beneficial effects on the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois-Pierre Martin
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ornella Cominetti
- Nestlé Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Berger
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Séverine Combremont
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Marquis
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center (UHCC), Honolulu, HI, USA
- Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Jia
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center (UHCC), Honolulu, HI, USA
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Inés Pinto-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriela Bergonzelli
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Société des Produits Nestlé S.A, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Jia X, Chen Q, Zhang Y, Asakawa T. Multidirectional associations between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease, updated information from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1296713. [PMID: 38173790 PMCID: PMC10762314 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1296713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a diverse range of microorganisms, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which form a vast and complex ecosystem. It has been reported that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in regulating host neuroprotective function. Studies have shown that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and experiments involving germ-free mice and fecal microbiota transplantation from PD patients have revealed the pathogenic role of the gut microbiota in PD. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota in PD, including the use of prebiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have also shown efficacy in treating PD. However, the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease remains intricate. This study reviewed the association between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and PD from the perspectives of humoral pathway, cellular immune pathway and neuronal pathway. We found that the interactions among gut microbiota and PD are very complex, which should be "multidirectional", rather than conventionally regarded "bidirectional". To realize application of the gut microbiota-related mechanisms in the clinical setting, we propose several problems which should be addressed in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Institute of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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14
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Espina M, Di Franco N, Brañas-Navarro M, Navarro IR, Brito V, Lopez-Molina L, Costas-Insua C, Guzmán M, Ginés S. The GRP78-PERK axis contributes to memory and synaptic impairments in Huntington's disease R6/1 mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106225. [PMID: 37442396 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that a key factor in neurodegenerative diseases is the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) caused by an accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress). Particularly, in Huntington's disease (HD) mutant huntingtin (mHtt) toxicity involves disruption of the ER-associated degradation pathway and loss of the ER protein homeostasis leading to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. Besides the role of the UPR in regulating cell survival and death, studies that demonstrate the contribution of sustained UPR activation, particularly of PERK signaling, in memory disturbances and synaptic plasticity deficiencies are emerging. Given the contribution of hippocampal dysfunction to emotional and cognitive deficits seen in HD, we have analyzed the involvement of ER stress in HD memory alterations. We have demonstrated that at early disease stages, ER stress activation manifested as an increase in GRP78 and CHOP is observed in the hippocampus of R6/1 mice. Genetic reduction of GRP78 expression resulted in preventing hippocampal-dependent memory alterations but no motor deficits. Accordingly, hippocampal neuropathology namely, dendritic spine loss and accumulation of mHtt aggregates was ameliorated by GRP78 reduction. To elucidate the signaling pathways, we found that the inactivation of PERK by GSK2606414 restored spatial and recognition memories in R6/1 mice and rescued dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons and protein levels of some specific immediate early genes. Our study unveils the critical role of the GRP78/PERK axis in memory impairment in HD mice and suggests the modulation of PERK activation as a novel therapeutic target for HD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Espina
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Nadia Di Franco
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Martina Brañas-Navarro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Irene Rodriguez Navarro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Veronica Brito
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Molina
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Carlos Costas-Insua
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Manuel Guzmán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUIN), Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Silvia Ginés
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain.
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15
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Xing C, Huang X, Wang D, Yu D, Hou S, Cui H, Song L. Roles of bile acids signaling in neuromodulation under physiological and pathological conditions. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:106. [PMID: 37308953 PMCID: PMC10258966 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are important physiological molecules not only mediating nutrients absorption and metabolism in peripheral tissues, but exerting neuromodulation effect in the central nerve system (CNS). The catabolism of cholesterol to BA occurs predominantly in the liver by the classical and alternative pathways, or in the brain initiated by the neuronal-specific enzyme CYP46A1 mediated pathway. Circulating BA could cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reach the CNS through passive diffusion or BA transporters. Brain BA might trigger direct signal through activating membrane and nucleus receptors or affecting activation of neurotransmitter receptors. Peripheral BA may also provide the indirect signal to the CNS via farnesoid X receptor (FXR) dependent fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19) pathway or takeda G protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) dependent glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pathway. Under pathological conditions, alterations in BA metabolites have been discovered as potential pathogenic contributors in multiple neurological disorders. Attractively, hydrophilic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), especially tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) can exert neuroprotective roles by attenuating neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum stress, which provides promising therapeutic effects for treatment of neurological diseases. This review summarizes recent findings highlighting the metabolism, crosstalk between brain and periphery, and neurological functions of BA to elucidate the important role of BA signaling in the brain under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xing
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Dengjun Yu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Shaojun Hou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
- Anhui Medical University, Heifei, 230032, China
| | - Haoran Cui
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lung Song
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taiping Road #27, Beijing, 100850, China.
- Anhui Medical University, Heifei, 230032, China.
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16
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Li N, Zhang X, Li M, Liu M, Jin Y, Xu H. Simultaneous determination of UDCA and its major metabolites in human plasma with surrogate matrix by a rapid and specific LC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1223:123726. [PMID: 37148852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, convenient, and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and its major metabolites, glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in human plasma. Methanol was chosen as surrogate matrix for preparation the calibrators to establish calibration curves. Isotope internal standard was used for each analyte. After plasma samples were deproteinized with methanol, the post-treatment samples were analyzed on a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) with 2 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Detection was performed on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) employing negative ESI interface using API5500 triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer system, with the transitions set at m/z 391.4 → m/z 391.4, m/z 448.3 → m/z 73.9, m/z 498.4 → m/z 80.1, m/z 395.3 → m/z 395.3, m/z 453.3 → m/z 74.0, and m/z 503.2 → m/z 79.9 for UDCA, GUDCA, TUDCA, UDCA-d4, GUDCA-d5, and TUDCA-d5, respectively. The calibration curve ranges were 5.00-2500 ng/mL for UDCA and GUDCA and 0.500-250 ng/mL for TUDCA. The intra- and inter-day precision was within 7.00% in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD%) and the accuracy within 11.75% in terms of relative error. The selectivity, sensitivity, extraction recovery, matrix effect, dilution reliability, and stability were within the acceptable range. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in 12 healthy Chinese volunteers after oral administration of 250 mg UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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17
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Zhen F, Zou T, Wang T, Zhou Y, Dong S, Zhang H. Rhodopsin-associated retinal dystrophy: Disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1132179. [PMID: 37077319 PMCID: PMC10106759 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1132179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodopsin is a light-sensitive G protein-coupled receptor that initiates the phototransduction cascade in rod photoreceptors. Mutations in the rhodopsin-encoding gene RHO are the leading cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP). To date, more than 200 mutations have been identified in RHO. The high allelic heterogeneity of RHO mutations suggests complicated pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we discuss representative RHO mutations as examples to briefly summarize the mechanisms underlying rhodopsin-related retinal dystrophy, which include but are not limited to endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium ion dysregulation resulting from protein misfolding, mistrafficking, and malfunction. Based on recent advances in our understanding of disease mechanisms, various treatment methods, including adaptation, whole-eye electrical stimulation, and small molecular compounds, have been developed. Additionally, innovative therapeutic treatment strategies, such as antisense oligonucleotide therapy, gene therapy, optogenetic therapy, and stem cell therapy, have achieved promising outcomes in preclinical disease models of rhodopsin mutations. Successful translation of these treatment strategies may effectively ameliorate, prevent or rescue vision loss related to rhodopsin mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongdan Zou
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongwei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuqian Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuqian Dong, ; Houbin Zhang,
| | - Houbin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuqian Dong, ; Houbin Zhang,
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Jung J, Lu Z, de Smith A, Mancuso N. Novel insight into the etiology of ischemic stroke gained by integrative transcriptome-wide association study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.30.23287918. [PMID: 37034585 PMCID: PMC10081428 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.23287918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stroke, characterized by sudden neurological deficits, is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully identified many genomic regions associated with ischemic stroke (IS), the genes underlying risk and their regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we integrate a large-scale GWAS (N=1,296,908) for IS together with mRNA, splicing, enhancer RNA (eRNA) and protein expression data (N=11,588) from 50 tissues. We identify 136 genes/eRNA/proteins associated with IS risk across 54 independent genomic regions and find IS risk is most enriched for eQTLs in arterial and brain-related tissues. Focusing on IS-relevant tissues, we prioritize 9 genes/proteins using probabilistic fine-mapping TWAS analyses. In addition, we discover that blood cell traits, particularly reticulocyte cells, have shared genetic contributions with IS using TWAS-based pheWAS and genetic correlation analysis. Lastly, we integrate our findings with a large-scale pharmacological database and identify a secondary bile acid, deoxycholic acid, as a potential therapeutic component. Our work highlights IS risk genes/splicing-sites/enhancer activity/proteins with their phenotypic consequences using relevant tissues as well as identify potential therapeutic candidates for IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Jung
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zeyun Lu
- Biostatistics Division, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mancuso
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Biostatistics Division, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Kiriyama Y, Nochi H. Role of Microbiota-Modified Bile Acids in the Regulation of Intracellular Organelles and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:825. [PMID: 37107583 PMCID: PMC10137455 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are amphiphilic steroidal molecules generated from cholesterol in the liver and facilitate the digestion and absorption of fat-soluble substances in the gut. Some BAs in the intestine are modified by the gut microbiota. Because BAs are modified in a variety of ways by different types of bacteria present in the gut microbiota, changes in the gut microbiota can affect the metabolism of BAs in the host. Although most BAs absorbed from the gut are transferred to the liver, some are transferred to the systemic circulation. Furthermore, BAs have also been detected in the brain and are thought to migrate into the brain through the systemic circulation. Although BAs are known to affect a variety of physiological functions by acting as ligands for various nuclear and cell-surface receptors, BAs have also been found to act on mitochondria and autophagy in the cell. This review focuses on the BAs modified by the gut microbiota and their roles in intracellular organelles and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kiriyama
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nochi
- Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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20
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D’Egidio F, Castelli V, Cimini A, d’Angelo M. Cell Rearrangement and Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance in Huntington's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:571. [PMID: 36978821 PMCID: PMC10045781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG triplet repeat in the HTT gene, resulting in the production of an aberrant huntingtin (Htt) protein. The mutant protein accumulation is responsible for neuronal dysfunction and cell death. This is due to the involvement of oxidative damage, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and mitochondrial impairment. Neurons naturally adapt to bioenergetic alteration and oxidative stress in physiological conditions. However, this dynamic system is compromised when a neurodegenerative disorder occurs, resulting in changes in metabolism, alteration in calcium signaling, and impaired substrates transport. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the cell's answer to the stress induced by HD, focusing on the role of oxidative stress and its balance with the antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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21
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Yeo XY, Tan LY, Chae WR, Lee DY, Lee YA, Wuestefeld T, Jung S. Liver's influence on the brain through the action of bile acids. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123967. [PMID: 36816113 PMCID: PMC9932919 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver partakes as a sensor and effector of peripheral metabolic changes and a regulator of systemic blood and nutrient circulation. As such, abnormalities arising from liver dysfunction can influence the brain in multiple ways, owing to direct and indirect bilateral communication between the liver and the brain. Interestingly, altered bile acid composition resulting from perturbed liver cholesterol metabolism influences systemic inflammatory responses, blood-brain barrier permeability, and neuron synaptic functions. Furthermore, bile acids produced by specific bacterial species may provide a causal link between dysregulated gut flora and neurodegenerative disease pathology through the gut-brain axis. This review will cover the role of bile acids-an often-overlooked category of active metabolites-in the development of neurological disorders associated with neurodegeneration. Further studies into bile acid signaling in the brain may provide insights into novel treatments against neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Yeo
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Yang Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Dong-Yup Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Yong-An Lee,
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Siingapore,National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Torsten Wuestefeld,
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Sangyong Jung,
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22
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Smaling A, Romero-Ramírez L, Mey J. Is TGR5 a therapeutic target for the treatment of spinal cord injury? J Neurochem 2023; 164:454-467. [PMID: 36409000 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids, which are synthesized in liver and colon, facilitate the digestion of dietary lipids. In addition to this metabolic function, they also act as molecular signals with activities in the nervous system. These are mediated primarily by a G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (known as TGR5). Preceded by a long tradition in Chinese medicine, bile acids are now being investigated as therapeutic options in several neuropathologies. Specifically, one bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), which passes the blood-brain barrier and shows anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, has been tested in animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI). In this review, we discuss the evidence for a therapeutic benefit in these preclinical experiments. At the time of writing, 12 studies with TGR5 agonists have been published that report functional outcomes with rodent models of SCI. Most investigations found cytoprotective effects and benefits regarding the recovery of sensorimotor function in the subacute phase. When TUDCA was applied in a hydrogel into the lesion site, a significant improvement was obtained at 2 weeks after SCI. However, no lasting improvements with TUDCA treatment were found, when animals were assessed in later, chronic stages. A combination of TUDCA with stem cell injection failed to improve the effect of the cellular treatment. We conclude that the evidence does not support the use of TUDCA as a treatment of SCI. Nevertheless, cytoprotective effects suggest that different modes of application or combinatorial therapies might still be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smaling
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience and EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jörg Mey
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience and EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
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23
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Dietary Responses of Dementia-Related Genes Encoding Metabolic Enzymes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030644. [PMID: 36771351 PMCID: PMC9921944 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The age-related loss of the cognitive function is a growing concern for global populations. Many factors that determine cognitive resilience or dementia also have metabolic functions. However, this duality is not universally appreciated when the action of that factor occurs in tissues external to the brain. Thus, we examined a set of genes involved in dementia, i.e., those related to vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and the human metabolism for activity in 12 metabolically active tissues. Mining the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data showed that most of these metabolism-dementia (MD) genes (62 of 93, 67%) exhibit a higher median expression in any of the metabolically active tissues than in the brain. After identifying that several MD genes served as blood-based biomarkers of longevity in other studies, we examined the impact of the intake of food, nutrients, and other dietary factors on the expression of MD genes in whole blood in the Framingham Offspring Study (n = 2134). We observed positive correlations between flavonoids and HMOX1, taurine and UQCRC1, broccoli and SLC10A2, and myricetin and SLC9A8 (p < 2.09 × 10-4). In contrast, dairy protein, palmitic acid, and pie were negatively correlated, respectively, with the expression of IGF1R, CSF1R, and SLC9A8, among others (p < 2.92 × 10-4). The results of this investigation underscore the potential contributions of metabolic enzyme activity in non-brain tissues to the risk of dementia. Specific epidemiological or intervention studies could be designed using specific foods and nutrients or even dietary patterns focused on these foods and nutrients that influence the expression of some MD genes to verify the findings presented here.
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24
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Fu J, Shan J, Cui Y, Yan C, Wang Q, Han J, Cao G. Metabolic disorder and intestinal microflora dysbiosis in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:6. [PMID: 36627678 PMCID: PMC9832664 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00956-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare acquired immune-mediated neuropathy. Although microbial infection is potentially a contributing factor, a causative link between CIDP and microbial infection remains unclear. There is also no definitive biomarker for CIDP diagnostics and therapies. The present study aimed to characterize the serum metabolic profile and gut microbiome structure in CIDP. METHODS Targeted metabolomics profiling of serum, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and metagenomics sequencing of stool samples from a cohort of CIDP and non-CIDP subjects were performed to evaluate serum metabolic profiles and gut microbiome structure in CIDP subjects relative to healthy controls. RESULTS Metabolome data revealed that the bile acids profile was perturbed in CIDP with bile acids and arachidonic acid enriched significantly in CIDP versus non-CIDP controls. Metagenome data revealed that opportunistic pathogens, such as Klebsiella pneumonia and Megamonas funiformis, and genes involved in bacterial infection were notably more abundant in CIDP subjects, while gut microbes related to biotransformation of secondary bile acids were abnormal in CIDP versus non-CIDP subjects. Correlation analysis revealed that changes in secondary bile acids were associated with altered gut microbes, including Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides caccae, and Ruminococcus gnavus. CONCLUSION Bile acids and arachidonic acid metabolism were disturbed in CIDP subjects and might be affected by the dysbiosis of gut microbial flora. These findings suggest that the combination of bile acids and arachidonic acid could be used as a CIDP biomarker and that modulation of gut microbiota might impact the clinical course of CIDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafang Fu
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China ,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117 China ,grid.410587.fNHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Jingli Shan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China ,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117 China ,grid.410587.fNHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China ,Department of Central Laboratory and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035 China ,grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Qinzhou Wang
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China ,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117 China ,grid.410587.fNHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Guangxiang Cao
- grid.452422.70000 0004 0604 7301Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China ,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117 China ,grid.410587.fNHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
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25
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Bile acids and neurological disease. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108311. [PMID: 36400238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on how bile acids are being used in clinical trials to treat neurological diseases due to their central involvement with the gut-liver-brain axis and their physiological and pathophysiological roles in both normal brain function and multiple neurological diseases. The synthesis of primary and secondary bile acids species and how the regulation of the bile acid pool may differ between the gut and brain is discussed. The expression of several bile acid receptors in brain and their currently known functions along with the tools available to manipulate them pharmacologically are examined, together with discussion of the interaction of bile acids with the gut microbiome and their lesser-known effects upon brain glucose and lipid metabolism. How dysregulation of the gut microbiome, aging and sex differences may lead to disruption of bile acid signalling and possible causal roles in a number of neurological disorders are also considered. Finally, we discuss how pharmacological treatments targeting bile acid receptors are currently being tested in an array of clinical trials for several different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152337. [PMID: 35954180 PMCID: PMC9367564 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in the body, and is mainly derived from the diet, but can also be produced endogenously from cysteine. It plays multiple essential roles in the body, including development, energy production, osmoregulation, prevention of oxidative stress, and inflammation. Taurine is also crucial as a molecule used to conjugate bile acids (BAs). In the gastrointestinal tract, BAs deconjugation by enteric bacteria results in high levels of unconjugated BAs and free taurine. Depending on conjugation status and other bacterial modifications, BAs constitute a pool of related but highly diverse molecules, each with different properties concerning solubility and toxicity, capacity to activate or inhibit receptors of BAs, and direct and indirect impact on microbiota and the host, whereas free taurine has a largely protective impact on the host, serves as a source of energy for microbiota, regulates bacterial colonization and defends from pathogens. Several remarkable examples of the interaction between taurine and gut microbiota have recently been described. This review will introduce the necessary background information and lay out the latest discoveries in the interaction of the co-reliant triad of BAs, taurine, and microbiota.
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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a potential therapeutic tool in neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 35659112 PMCID: PMC9166453 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative disorders are diseases of protein homeostasis, with misfolded aggregates accumulating. The neurodegenerative process is mediated by numerous metabolic pathways, most of which lead to apoptosis. In recent years, hydrophilic bile acids, particularly tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), have shown important anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities, with numerous experimental and clinical evidence suggesting their possible therapeutic use as disease-modifiers in neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental evidence on the mechanisms underlying TUDCA's neuroprotective action derives from animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and cerebral ischemia. Preclinical studies indicate that TUDCA exerts its effects not only by regulating and inhibiting the apoptotic cascade, but also by reducing oxidative stress, protecting the mitochondria, producing an anti-neuroinflammatory action, and acting as a chemical chaperone to maintain the stability and correct folding of proteins. Furthermore, data from phase II clinical trials have shown TUDCA to be safe and a potential disease-modifier in ALS. ALS is the first neurodegenerative disease being treated with hydrophilic bile acids. While further clinical evidence is being accumulated for the other diseases, TUDCA stands as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Weng ZB, Chen YR, Lv JT, Wang MX, Chen ZY, Zhou W, Shen XC, Zhan LB, Wang F. A Review of Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling in Cognitive Dysfunction-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4289383. [PMID: 35308170 PMCID: PMC8933076 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4289383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are commonly known as one of the vital metabolites derived from cholesterol. The role of bile acids in glycolipid metabolism and their mechanisms in liver and cholestatic diseases have been well studied. In addition, bile acids also serve as ligands of signal molecules such as FXR, TGR5, and S1PR2 to regulate some physiological processes in vivo. Recent studies have found that bile acids signaling may also play a critical role in the central nervous system. Evidence showed that some bile acids have exhibited neuroprotective effects in experimental animal models and clinical trials of many cognitive dysfunction-related diseases. Besides, alterations in bile acid metabolisms well as the expression of different bile acid receptors have been discovered as possible biomarkers for prognosis tools in multiple cognitive dysfunction-related diseases. This review summarizes biosynthesis and regulation of bile acids, receptor classification and characteristics, receptor agonists and signaling transduction, and recent findings in cognitive dysfunction-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bin Weng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Rong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Tao Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min-Xin Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Chun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Bin Zhan
- The Innovation Engineering Technology Center of Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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29
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Dutta M, Weigel KM, Patten KT, Valenzuela AE, Wallis C, Bein KJ, Wexler AS, Lein PJ, Cui JY. Chronic exposure to ambient traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) alters gut microbial abundance and bile acid metabolism in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:432-444. [PMID: 35310146 PMCID: PMC8927974 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is linked to increased risk for age-related dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The gut microbiome is posited to influence AD risk, and an increase in microbial-derived secondary bile acids (BAs) is observed in AD patients. We recently reported that chronic exposure to ambient TRAP modified AD risk in a sex-dependent manner in the TgF344 AD (TG) rat. Objectives In this study, we used samples from the same cohort to test our hypothesis that TRAP sex-dependently produces gut dysbiosis and increases secondary BAs to a larger extent in the TG rat relative to wildtype (WT) controls. Methods Male and female TG and age-matched WT rats were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or TRAP from 28 days up to 15 months of age (n = 5-6). Tissue samples were collected after 9 or 14months of exposure. Results At 10 months of age, TRAP tended to decrease the alpha diversity as well as the beneficial taxa Lactobacillus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens uniquely in male TG rats as determined by 16 S rDNA sequencing. A basal decrease in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was also noted in TG rats at 10 months. At 15 months of age, TRAP altered inflammation-related bacteria in the gut of female rats from both genotypes. BAs were more affected by chronic TRAP exposure in females, with a general trend of increase in host-produced unconjugated primary and microbiota-produced secondary BAs. Most of the mRNAs of the hepatic BA-processing genes were not altered by TRAP, except for a down-regulation of the BA-uptake transporter Ntcp in males. Conclusion In conclusion, chronic TRAP exposure produced distinct gut dysbiosis and altered BA homeostasis in a sex and host genotype-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Dutta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kris M. Weigel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelley T. Patten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (UC Davis) School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E. Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (UC Davis) School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Keith J. Bein
- Air Quality Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Health and the Environment, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony S. Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (UC Davis) School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Qu Y, Su C, Zhao Q, Shi A, Zhao F, Tang L, Xu D, Xiang Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Pan J, Yu Y. Gut Microbiota-Mediated Elevated Production of Secondary Bile Acids in Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837543. [PMID: 35321330 PMCID: PMC8936594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that gut microbiota could participate in the progression of depression via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, the detailed microbial metabolic profile changes in the progression of depression is still not fully elucidated. In this study, a liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry-based untargeted serum high-throughput metabolomics method was first performed to screen for potential biomarkers in a depressive-like state in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced mouse model. Our results identified that the bile acid and energy metabolism pathways were significantly affected in CUMS progression. The detailed bile acid profiles were subsequently quantified in the serum, liver, and feces. The results showed that CUMS significantly promoted the deconjugation of conjugated bile acid and secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the increased secondary bile acid levels in the feces positively correlated with Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010, Ruminococcus, and Clostridia_UCG-014 abundance. Taken together, our study suggested that changes in family Ruminococcaceae abundance following chronic stress increased biosynthesis of deoxycholic acid (DCA), a unconjugated secondary bile acid in the intestine. Aberrant activation of secondary bile acid biosynthesis pathway thereby increased the hydrophobicity of the bile acid pool, which might, in turn, promoted metabolic disturbances and disease progression in CUMS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cunjin Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinhong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aiming Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fenglun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liuxing Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Delai Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunli Yu, ; Jie Pan,
| | - Yunli Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yunli Yu, ; Jie Pan,
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31
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Yilmaz P, Marek SJ, Valari M, He Y, Has C. Characterization of amino acid substitutions and deletions in the kindlin-1 FERM domain: relevance for precision medicine. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2415-2423.e1. [PMID: 35189150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kindler epidermolysis bullosa is a genodermatosis that manifests with cutaneous and mucosal fragility, and with photosensitivity. No cure is available to date. Kindlin-1, the deficient protein binds to β intergrin and is required for its activation. Using a previously established experimental workflow we addressed the consequences of three naturally occurring mutations leading either to single amino acid substitutions, p.Y293D and p.W559R, or to a single amino acid deletion p.I623del in kindlin-1. We show that p.Y293D disrupts kindlin-1 localization to focal adhesions and cell spreading. Although, treatment with a chemical chaperone increases the amount of mutant protein, spreading does not improve and cellular stress increases. In contrast, the mutations p.W559R and p.I623del do not interfere with kindlin-1 localization to focal adhesions and support cell adhesion and survival. These mutants are also responsive to the treatment with chemical chaperone, and the increased mutant proteins improve cell spreading. These findings suggest that low levels of mutant kindlins, p.W559R and p.I623del are able to rescue some important cellular functions. Patients carrying these mutations could benefit from treatment with promotors of proteostasis. Our results show that each mutation must be individually tested on genetic, molecular and cellular level to tailor personalized treatments for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelinsu Yilmaz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sarah-Jane Marek
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manthoula Valari
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Agia Sofia Childrens Hospital", Athens, Greece
| | - Yinghong He
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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Devadiga SJ, Bharate SS. Recent developments in the management of Huntington's disease. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105642. [PMID: 35121553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare, incurable, inheritedneurodegenerative disorder manifested by chorea, hyperkinetic, and hypokinetic movements. The FDA has approved only two drugs, viz. tetrabenazine, and deutetrabenazine, to manage the chorea associated with HD. However, several other drugs are used as an off-label to manage chorea and other symptoms such as depression, anxiety, muscle tremors, and cognitive dysfunction associated with HD. So far, there is no disease-modifying treatment available. Drug repurposing has been a primary drive to search for new anti-HD drugs. Numerous molecular targets along with a wide range of small molecules and gene therapies are currently under clinical investigation. More than 200 clinical studies are underway for HD, 75% are interventional, and 25% are observational studies. The present review discusses the small molecule clinical pipeline and molecular targets for HD. Furthermore, the biomarkers, diagnostic tests, gene therapies, behavioral and observational studies for HD were also deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaika J Devadiga
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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Bile acids attenuate PKM2 pathway activation in proinflammatory microglia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1459. [PMID: 35087114 PMCID: PMC8795255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. Central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, such as spinal cord injury (SCI) and ischemia, are accompanied by an increase of the glycolytic pathway in the damaged areas as part of the inflammatory response. Pyruvate kinase is a key glycolytic enzyme that converts phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP. The protein has two isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2, originated from the same gene. As a homodimer, PKM2 loses the pyruvate kinase activity and acts as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of target genes involved in glycolysis and inflammation. After SCI, resident microglia and hematogenous macrophages are key inducers of the inflammatory response with deleterious effects. Activation of the bile acid receptor TGR5 inhibits the pro-inflammatory NFκB pathway in microglia and macrophages. In the present study we have investigated whether bile acids affect the expression of glycolytic enzymes and their regulation by PKM2. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced the expression of PKM1, PKM2 and its target genes in primary cultures of microglial and Raw264.7 macrophage cells. SCI caused an increase of PKM2 immunoreactivity in macrophages after SCI. Pretreatment with tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) or taurolithocholic acid (TLCA) reduced the expression of PKM2 and its target genes in cell cultures. Similarly, after SCI, TUDCA treatment reduced the expression of PKM2 in the lesion center. These results confirm the importance of PKM2 in the inflammatory response in CNS pathologies and indicate a new mechanism of bile acids as regulators of PKM2 pathway.
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Maity S, Komal P, Kumar V, Saxena A, Tungekar A, Chandrasekar V. Impact of ER Stress and ER-Mitochondrial Crosstalk in Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:780. [PMID: 35054963 PMCID: PMC8775980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of misfolded proteins is a common phenomenon of several neurodegenerative diseases. The misfolding of proteins due to abnormal polyglutamine (PolyQ) expansions are linked to the development of PolyQ diseases including Huntington's disease (HD). Though the genetic basis of PolyQ repeats in HD remains prominent, the primary molecular basis mediated by PolyQ toxicity remains elusive. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER or disruption of ER homeostasis causes ER stress and activates an evolutionarily conserved pathway called Unfolded protein response (UPR). Protein homeostasis disruption at organelle level involving UPR or ER stress response pathways are found to be linked to HD. Due to dynamic intricate connections between ER and mitochondria, proteins at ER-mitochondria contact sites (mitochondria associated ER membranes or MAMs) play a significant role in HD development. The current review aims at highlighting the most updated information about different UPR pathways and their involvement in HD disease progression. Moreover, the role of MAMs in HD progression has also been discussed. In the end, the review has focused on the therapeutic interventions responsible for ameliorating diseased states via modulating either ER stress response proteins or modulating the expression of ER-mitochondrial contact proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India; (P.K.); (V.K.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (V.C.)
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Deckmyn B, Domenger D, Blondel C, Ducastel S, Nicolas E, Dorchies E, Caron E, Charton J, Vallez E, Deprez B, Annicotte JS, Lestavel S, Tailleux A, Magnan C, Staels B, Bantubungi K. Farnesoid X Receptor Activation in Brain Alters Brown Adipose Tissue Function via the Sympathetic System. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:808603. [PMID: 35058750 PMCID: PMC8764415 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.808603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear bile acid (BA) receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a major regulator of metabolic/energy homeostasis in peripheral organs. Indeed, enterohepatic-expressed FXR controls metabolic processes (BA, glucose and lipid metabolism, fat mass, body weight). The central nervous system (CNS) regulates energy homeostasis in close interaction with peripheral organs. While FXR has been reported to be expressed in the brain, its function has not been studied so far. We studied the role of FXR in brain control of energy homeostasis by treating wild-type and FXR-deficient mice by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with the reference FXR agonist GW4064. Here we show that pharmacological activation of brain FXR modifies energy homeostasis by affecting brown adipose tissue (BAT) function. Brain FXR activation decreases the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and consequently the sympathetic tone. FXR activation acts by inhibiting hypothalamic PKA-CREB induction of TH expression. These findings identify a function of brain FXR in the control of energy homeostasis and shed new light on the complex control of energy homeostasis by BA through FXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Deckmyn
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Laboratory of Lille Catholic Hospitals, Medical Biology Department, Lille Catholic University, Lille, France
| | - Dorothée Domenger
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Chloé Blondel
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Ducastel
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Nicolas
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dorchies
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Julie Charton
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1177, Lille, France
- Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, U1177, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benoit Deprez
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm U1177, Lille, France
- Drugs and Molecules for Living Systems, U1177, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Sophie Lestavel
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Bart Staels
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Bart Staels,
| | - Kadiombo Bantubungi
- EGID, U1011, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1011, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Kadiombo Bantubungi,
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Artepillin C, a major component of Brazilian green propolis, inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and protein aggregation. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174572. [PMID: 34656606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Propolis, a compound produced by honeybees, has long been used in food and beverages to improve health and prevent diseases. We previously reported that the ethanol extracts of Brazilian green propolis and its constituents artepillin C, kaempferide, and kaempferol mitigate oxidative stress-induced cell death via oxytosis/ferroptosis. Here, we investigated the potential of Brazilian green propolis and its constituents to protect against endoplasmic reticulum stress in the mouse hippocampal cell line HT22. Ethanol extracts of Brazilian green propolis, artepillin C, and kaempferol attenuated tunicamycin-induced unfolded protein response and cell death. Interestingly, artepillin C inhibited both tunicamycin-induced protein aggregation in HT22 cells and the spontaneous protein aggregation of mutant canine superoxide dismutase 1 (E40K-SOD1-EGFP) in Neuro2a cells. These findings indicate that in addition to oxidative stress, the ethanol extracts of Brazilian green propolis help prevent endoplasmic reticulum stress-related neuronal cell death, which is proposedly involved in several neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, artepillin C, a major constituent of Brazilian green propolis, may exhibit chemical chaperone-like properties.
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37
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Serum metabolomic biomarkers of perceptual speed in cognitively normal and mildly impaired subjects with fasting state stratification. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18964. [PMID: 34556796 PMCID: PMC8460824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline is associated with both normal aging and early pathologies leading to dementia. Here we used quantitative profiling of metabolites involved in the regulation of inflammation, vascular function, neuronal function and energy metabolism, including oxylipins, endocannabinoids, bile acids, and steroid hormones to identify metabolic biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Serum samples (n = 212) were obtained from subjects with or without MCI opportunistically collected with incomplete fasting state information. To maximize power and stratify the analysis of metabolite associations with MCI by the fasting state, we developed an algorithm to predict subject fasting state when unknown (n = 73). In non-fasted subjects, linoleic acid and palmitoleoyl ethanolamide levels were positively associated with perceptual speed. In fasted subjects, soluble epoxide hydrolase activity and tauro-alpha-muricholic acid levels were negatively associated with perceptual speed. Other cognitive domains showed associations with bile acid metabolism, but only in the non-fasted state. Importantly, this study shows unique associations between serum metabolites and cognitive function in the fasted and non-fasted states and provides a fasting state prediction algorithm based on measurable metabolites.
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Hou Y, Luan J, Huang T, Deng T, Li X, Xiao Z, Zhan J, Luo D, Hou Y, Xu L, Lin D. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid alleviates secondary injury in spinal cord injury mice by reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:216. [PMID: 34544428 PMCID: PMC8454169 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02248-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a hydrophilic bile acid derivative, which has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in different neurological disease models. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of TUDCA on spinal cord injury (SCI) have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the protective effects of TUDCA in the SCI mouse model and the related mechanism involved. Methods The primary cortical neurons were isolated from E16.5 C57BL/6 mouse embryos. To evaluate the effect of TUDCA on axon degeneration induced by oxidative stress in vitro, the cortical neurons were treated with H2O2 with or without TUDCA added and immunostained with Tuj1. Mice were randomly divided into sham, SCI, and SCI+TUDCA groups. SCI model was induced using a pneumatic impact device at T9-T10 level of the vertebra. TUDCA (200 mg/kg) or an equal volume of saline was intragastrically administrated daily post-injury for 14 days. Results We found that TUDCA attenuated axon degeneration induced by H2O2 treatment and protected primary cortical neurons from oxidative stress in vitro. In vivo, TUDCA treatment significantly reduced tissue injury, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis and promoted axon regeneration and remyelination in the lesion site of the spinal cord of SCI mice. The functional recovery test revealed that TUDCA treatment significantly ameliorated the recovery of limb function. Conclusions TUDCA treatment can alleviate secondary injury and promote functional recovery by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis induced by primary injury, and promote axon regeneration and remyelination, which could be used as a potential therapy for human SCI recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02248-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyao Luan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Taida Huang
- Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiancheng Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiheng Zhan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dingkun Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 12, Jichang Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. .,Lingnan Medical Research Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Risk Factors for Retinal Ganglion Cell Distress in Glaucoma and Neuroprotective Potential Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157994. [PMID: 34360760 PMCID: PMC8346985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are a population of neurons of the central nervous system (CNS) extending with their soma to the inner retina and with their axons to the optic nerve. Glaucoma represents a group of neurodegenerative diseases where the slow progressive death of RGCs results in a permanent loss of vision. To date, although Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP) is considered the main therapeutic target, the precise mechanisms by which RGCs die in glaucoma have not yet been clarified. In fact, Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), which is the most common glaucoma form, also occurs without elevated IOP. This present review provides a summary of some pathological conditions, i.e., axonal transport blockade, glutamate excitotoxicity and changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines along the RGC projection, all involved in the glaucoma cascade. Moreover, neuro-protective therapeutic approaches, which aim to improve RGC degeneration, have also been taken into consideration.
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Vijiaratnam N, Simuni T, Bandmann O, Morris HR, Foltynie T. Progress towards therapies for disease modification in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:559-572. [PMID: 34146514 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of interventions to slow or halt the progression of Parkinson's disease remains a priority for patients and researchers alike. To date, no agents have been shown to have unequivocal evidence of disease-modifying effects in Parkinson's disease. The absence of disease-modifying treatments might relate not only to inadequate approaches for the selection of therapeutic candidates but also to insufficient attention to detail in clinical trial design. Better understanding of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis associated with advances in laboratory models, the use of objective biomarkers of disease progression and target engagement, and a focus on agents known to be safe for human use, alongside the use of precision medicine approaches, should together greatly increase the likelihood for successful identification of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirosen Vijiaratnam
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Tanya Simuni
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK.
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Han GH, Kim SJ, Ko WK, Lee D, Han IB, Sheen SH, Hong JB, Sohn S. Transplantation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid-inducing M2-phenotype macrophages promotes an anti-neuroinflammatory effect and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13050. [PMID: 33960559 PMCID: PMC8168422 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we study the transplantation of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA)‐induced M2‐phenotype (M2) macrophages and their ability to promote anti‐neuroinflammatory effects and functional recovery in a spinal cord injury (SCI) model. Methods To this end, compared to the granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), we evaluated whether TUDCA effectively differentiates bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) into M2 macrophages. Results The M2 expression markers in the TUDCA‐treated BMDM group were increased more than those in the GM‐CSF‐treated BMDM group. After the SCI and transplantation steps, pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were significantly decreased in the TUDCA‐induced M2 group more than they were in the GM‐CSF‐induced M1 group and in the TUDCA group. Moreover, the TUDCA‐induced M2 group showed significantly enhanced tissue volumes and improved motor functions compared to the GM‐CSF‐induced M1 group and the TUDCA group. In addition, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA)–labelled corticospinal tract (CST) axons and neuronal nuclei marker (NeuN) levels were increased in the TUDCA‐induced M2 group more than those in the GM‐CSF‐induced M1 group and the TUDCA group. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the transplantation of TUDCA‐induced M2 macrophages promotes an anti‐neuroinflammatory effect and motor function recovery in SCI. Therefore, we suggest that the transplantation of TUDCA‐induced M2 macrophages represents a possible alternative cell therapy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Ho Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Wan-Kyu Ko
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Daye Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - In-Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Sheen
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
| | - Je Beom Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seil Sohn
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Korea
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Sabat MJ, Wiśniewska-Becker AM, Markiewicz M, Marzec KM, Dybas J, Furso J, Pabisz P, Duda M, Pawlak AM. Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA)-Lipid Interactions and Antioxidant Properties of TUDCA Studied in Model of Photoreceptor Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:327. [PMID: 33946822 PMCID: PMC8146903 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a hydrophilic bile acid containing taurine conjugated with the ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), has been known and used from ancient times as a therapeutic compound in traditional Chinese medicine. TUDCA has recently been gaining significant interest as a neuroprotective agent, also exploited in the visual disorders. Among several mechanisms of TUDCA's protective action, its antioxidant activity and stabilizing effect on mitochondrial and plasma membranes are considered. In this work we investigated antioxidant activity of TUDCA and its impact on structural properties of model membranes of different composition using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and the spin labeling technique. Localization of TUDCA molecules in a pure POPC bilayer has been studied using a molecular dynamics simulation (MD). The obtained results indicate that TUDCA is not an efficient singlet oxygen (1O2 (1Δg)) quencher, and the determined rate constant of its interaction with 1O2 (1Δg) is only 1.9 × 105 M-1s-1. However, in lipid oxidation process induced by a Fenton reaction, TUDCA reveals substantial antioxidant activity significantly decreasing the rate of oxygen consumption in the system studied. In addition, TUDCA induces slight, but noticeable changes in the polarity and fluidity of the investigated model membranes. The results of performed MD simulation correspond very well with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał J. Sabat
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.S.); (A.M.W.-B.); (J.F.); (P.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna M. Wiśniewska-Becker
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.S.); (A.M.W.-B.); (J.F.); (P.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Michał Markiewicz
- Department of Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna M. Marzec
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Jakub Dybas
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (K.M.M.); (J.D.)
| | - Justyna Furso
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.S.); (A.M.W.-B.); (J.F.); (P.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Paweł Pabisz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.S.); (A.M.W.-B.); (J.F.); (P.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Mariusz Duda
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.S.); (A.M.W.-B.); (J.F.); (P.P.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna M. Pawlak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.S.); (A.M.W.-B.); (J.F.); (P.P.); (M.D.)
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Zhu XH, Lee BY, Tuite P, Coles L, Sathe AG, Chen C, Cloyd J, Low WC, Steer CJ, Chen W. Quantitative Assessment of Occipital Metabolic and Energetic Changes in Parkinson's Patients, Using In Vivo 31P MRS-Based Metabolic Imaging at 7T. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030145. [PMID: 33804401 PMCID: PMC8000945 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal energy metabolism associated with mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be a major contributor to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent advancements in the field of magnetic resonance (MR) based metabolic imaging provide state-of-the-art technologies for non-invasively probing cerebral energy metabolism under various brain conditions. In this proof-of-principle clinical study, we employed quantitative 31P MR spectroscopy (MRS) imaging techniques to determine a constellation of metabolic and bioenergetic parameters, including cerebral adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and other phosphorous metabolite concentrations, intracellular pH and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) redox ratio, and ATP production rates in the occipital lobe of cognitive-normal PD patients, and then we compared them with age-sex matched healthy controls. Small but statistically significant differences in intracellular pH, NAD and ATP contents and ATPase enzyme activity between the two groups were detected, suggesting that subtle defects in energy metabolism and mitochondrial function are quantifiable before regional neurological deficits or pathogenesis begin to occur in these patients. Pilot data aiming to evaluate the bioenergetic effect of mitochondrial-protective bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) were also obtained. These results collectively demonstrated that in vivo 31P MRS-based neuroimaging can non-invasively and quantitatively assess key metabolic-energetic metrics in the human brain. This provides an exciting opportunity to better understand neurodegenerative diseases, their progression and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Zhu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence: (X.-H.Z.); (W.C.); Tel.: +1-(612) 626-2001 (X.-H.Z.); Fax: +1-(612) 626-2004 (X.-H.Z.)
| | - Byeong-Yeul Lee
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Paul Tuite
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Lisa Coles
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.C.); (A.G.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Abhishek G. Sathe
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.C.); (A.G.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Jim Cloyd
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (L.C.); (A.G.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Walter C. Low
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Clifford J. Steer
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Correspondence: (X.-H.Z.); (W.C.); Tel.: +1-(612) 626-2001 (X.-H.Z.); Fax: +1-(612) 626-2004 (X.-H.Z.)
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Co-delivery of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) from PLGA microspheres: potential combination therapy for retinal diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:566-580. [PMID: 33641047 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of genetically diverse inherited disorders characterised by the progressive photoreceptors and pigment epithelial cell dysfunction leading to central vision impairment. Although important advances in the understanding of the pathophysiologic pathways involved in RP have been made, drug delivery for the treatment of ocular disorders affecting the posterior segment of the eye is still an unmet clinical need. In the present study, we describe the development of multi-loaded PLGA-microspheres (MSs) incorporating two neuroprotectants agents (glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor-GDNF and Tauroursodeoxycholic acid-TUDCA) as a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of RP. A solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) emulsion solvent extraction-evaporation technique was employed for MS preparation. A combination of PLGA and vitamin E was used to create the microcarriers. The morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile of the MSs were studied. Encapsulation efficiencies of GDNF and TUDCA for the initial multiloaded MSs, prepared with methylene chloride (MC) as organic solvent and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution in the external phase, were 28.53±0.36% and 45.65±8.01% respectively. Different technological parameters to optimise the formulation such as the incorporation of a water-soluble co-solvent ethanol (EtOH) in the internal organic phase, as well as NaCl concentration, and viscosity using a viscosizing agent (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-HPMC) in the external aqueous phase were considered. EtOH incorporation and external phase viscosity of the emulsion were critical attributes for improving drug loading of both compounds. In such a way, when using a methylene chloride/EtOH ratio 75:25 into the inner organic phase and the viscosity agent HPMC (1% w/v) in the external aqueous phase, GDNF and TUDCA payloads resulted 48.86±1.49% and 78.58±10.40% respectively, and a decrease in the initial release of GDNF was observed (22.03±1.41% compared with 40.86±6.66% of the initial multi-loaded formulation). These optimised microparticles exhibited sustained in vitro releases over 91 days. These results suggest that the microencapsulation procedure optimised in this work presents a promising technological strategy for the development of multi-loaded intraocular drug delivery systems (IODDS).
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The bile acid TUDCA and neurodegenerative disorders: An overview. Life Sci 2021; 272:119252. [PMID: 33636170 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bear bile has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years due to its therapeutic potential and clinical applications. The tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), one of the acids found in bear bile, is a hydrophilic bile acid and naturally produced in the liver by conjugation of taurine to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Several studies have shown that TUDCA has neuroprotective action in several models of neurodegenerative disorders (ND), including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, based on its potent ability to inhibit apoptosis, attenuate oxidative stress, and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress in different experimental models of these illnesses. Our research extends the knowledge of the bile acid TUDCA actions in ND and the mechanisms and pathways involved in its cytoprotective effects on the brain, providing a novel perspective and opportunities for treatment of these diseases.
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Lee JM, Park S, Lee D, Ginting RP, Lee MR, Lee MW, Han J. Reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress activates beige adipocytes differentiation and alleviates high fat diet-induced metabolic phenotypes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166099. [PMID: 33556486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely associated with various metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Development of beige/brite adipocytes increases thermogenesis and helps to reduce obesity. Although the relationship between ER stress and white adipocytes has been studied considerably, the possible role of ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) induction in beige adipocytes differentiation remain to be investigated. In this study we investigated how ER stress affected beige adipocytes differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of eIF2α was transiently decreased in the early phase (day 2), whereas it was induced at the late phase with concomitant induction of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) during beige adipocytes differentiation. Forced expression of CHOP inhibited the expression of beige adipocytes markers, including Ucp1, Cox8b, Cidea, Prdm16, and Pgc-1α, following the induction of beige adipocytes differentiation. When ER stress was reduced by the chemical chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), the expression of the beige adipocytes marker uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was significantly enhanced in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and high fat diet (HFD)-induced abnormal metabolic phenotype was improved. In summary, we found that ER stress and the UPR induction were closely involved in beige adipogenesis. These results suggest that modulating ER stress could be a potential therapeutic intervention against metabolic dysfunctions via activation of iWAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckgue Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Rehna Paula Ginting
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Woo Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, 31151, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Republic of Korea.
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Mulak A. Bile Acids as Key Modulators of the Brain-Gut-Microbiota Axis in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:461-477. [PMID: 34569953 PMCID: PMC8673511 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the concept of the brain-gut-microbiota (BGM) axis disturbances in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been receiving growing attention. At the same time, accumulating data revealing complex interplay between bile acids (BAs), gut microbiota, and host metabolism have shed new light on a potential impact of BAs on the BGM axis. The crosstalk between BAs and gut microbiota is based on reciprocal interactions since microbiota determines BA metabolism, while BAs affect gut microbiota composition. Secondary BAs as microbe-derived neuroactive molecules may affect each of three main routes through which interactions within the BGM axis occur including neural, immune, and neuroendocrine pathways. BAs participate in the regulation of multiple gut-derived molecule release since their receptors are expressed on various cells. The presence of BAs and their receptors in the brain implies a direct effect of BAs on the regulation of neurological functions. Experimental and clinical data confirm that disturbances in BA signaling are present in the course of AD. Disturbed ratio of primary to secondary BAs as well as alterations in BA concertation in serum and brain samples have been reported. An age-related shift in the gut microbiota composition associated with its decreased diversity and stability observed in AD patients may significantly affect BA metabolism and signaling. Given recent evidence on BA neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, new therapeutic targets have been explored including gut microbiota modulation by probiotics and dietary interventions, ursodeoxycholic acid supplementation, and use of BA receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Mulak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Cuevas E, Burks S, Raymick J, Robinson B, Gómez-Crisóstomo NP, Escudero-Lourdes C, Lopez AGG, Chigurupati S, Hanig J, Ferguson SA, Sarkar S. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is neuroprotective in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:1374-1391. [PMID: 33345721 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1859729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive motor disease of unknown etiology. Although neuroprotective ability of endogenous bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), shown in various diseases, including an acute model of PD,the potential therapeutic role of TUDCA in progressive models of PD that exhibit all aspects of PD has not been elucidated. In the present study, mice were assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) Probenecid (PROB); (2) TUDCA, (3) MPTP + PROB (MPTPp); and (3) TUDCA + MPTPp. Methods: Markers for dopaminergic function, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy were assessed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot (WB) methods. Locomotion was measured before and after treatments. Results: MPTPp decreased the expression of dopamine transporters (DAT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), indicating dopaminergic damage, and induced microglial and astroglial activation as demonstrated by IHC analysis. MPTPp also decreased DA and its metabolites as demonstrated by HPLC analysis. Further, MPTPp-induced protein oxidation; increased LAMP-1 expression indicated autophagy and the promotion of alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) aggregation.. Discussion: Pretreatment with TUDCA protected against dopaminergic neuronal damage, prevented the microglial and astroglial activation, as well as the DA and DOPAC reductions caused by MPTPp. TUDCA by itself did not produce any significant change, with data similar to the negative control group. Pretreatment with TUDCA prevented protein oxidation and autophagy, in addition to inhibiting α-SYN aggregation. Although TUDCA pretreatment did not significantly affect locomotion, only acute treatment effects were measured, indicating more extensive assessments may be necessary to reveal potential therapeutic effects on behavior. Together, these results suggest that autophagy may be involved in the progression of PD and that TUDCA may attenuate these effects. The efficacy of TUDCA as a novel therapy in patients with PD clearly warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Cuevas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Susan Burks
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - James Raymick
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Bonnie Robinson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Srinivasulu Chigurupati
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Hanig
- Office of Testing & Research, CDER/FDA, White Oak, MD, USA
| | - Sherry A Ferguson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Sumit Sarkar
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR, USA
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Wu H, Yu N, Wang X, Yang Y, Liang H. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid attenuates neuronal apoptosis via the TGR5/ SIRT3 pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Biol Res 2020; 53:56. [PMID: 33261652 PMCID: PMC7709410 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal apoptosis plays a critical event in the pathogenesis of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study investigated the roles of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) in attenuate neuronal apoptosis and underlying mechanisms after SAH. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to model of SAH and TUDCA was administered via the internal carotid injection. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) for TGR5 were administered through intracerebroventricular injection 48 h before SAH. Neurological scores, brain water content, Western blot, TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence staining were evaluated. Results TUDCA alleviated brain water content and improved neurological scores at 24 h and 72 h after SAH. TUDCA administration prevented the reduction of SIRT3 and BCL-2 expressions, as well as the increase of BAX and cleaved caspase-3.Endogenous TGR5 expression were upregulated after SAH and treatment with TGR5 siRNA exacerbated neurological outcomes after SAH and the protective effects of TUDCA at 24 h after SAH were also abolished by TGR5 siRNA. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that TUDCA could attenuated neuronal apoptosis and improve neurological functions through TGR5/ SIRT3 signaling pathway after SAH. TUDCA may be an attractive candidate for anti-apoptosis treatment in SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Nini Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yina Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ninghai People's Hospital, Ninghai, 315600, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Bile Acids: A Communication Channel in the Gut-Brain Axis. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:99-117. [PMID: 33085065 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are signalling hormones involved in the regulation of several metabolic pathways. The ability of bile acids to bind and signal through their receptors is modulated by the gut microbiome, since the microbiome contributes to the regulation and synthesis of bile acids as well to their physiochemical properties. From the gut, bacteria have been shown to send signals to the central nervous system via their metabolites, thus affecting the behaviour and brain function of the host organism. In the last years it has become increasingly evident that bile acids affect brain function, during normal physiological and pathological conditions. Although bile acids may be synthesized locally in the brain, the majority of brain bile acids are taken up from the systemic circulation. Since the composition of the brain bile acid pool may be regulated by the action of intestinal bacteria, it is possible that bile acids function as a communication bridge between the gut microbiome and the brain. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and the physiological roles of bile acids in the central nervous system. The possibility that bile acids may be a direct link between the intestinal microbiome and the brain is also an understudied subject. Here we review the influence of gut bacteria on the bile acid pool composition and properties, as well as striking evidence showing the role of bile acids as neuroactive molecules.
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