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Aghajanloo B, Hadady H, Ejeian F, Inglis DW, Hughes MP, Tehrani AF, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Biomechanics of circulating cellular and subcellular bioparticles: beyond separation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:331. [PMID: 38886776 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical attributes have emerged as novel markers, providing a reliable means to characterize cellular and subcellular fractions. Numerous studies have identified correlations between these factors and patients' medical status. However, the absence of a thorough overview impedes their applicability in contemporary state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies. In this context, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the dimensions, configuration, rigidity, density, and electrical characteristics of normal and abnormal circulating cells. Subsequently, the discussion broadens to encompass subcellular bioparticles, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched either from blood cells or other tissues. Notably, cell sizes vary significantly, from 2 μm for platelets to 25 μm for circulating tumor cells (CTCs), enabling the development of size-based separation techniques, such as microfiltration, for specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Although cellular density is relatively constant among different circulating bioparticles, it allows for reliable density gradient centrifugation to isolate cells without altering their native state. Additionally, variations in EV surface charges (-6.3 to -45 mV) offer opportunities for electrophoretic and electrostatic separation methods. The distinctive mechanical properties of abnormal cells, compared to their normal counterparts, present an exceptional opportunity for diverse medical and biotechnological approaches. This review also aims to provide a holistic view of the current understanding of popular techniques in this domain that transcend conventional boundaries, focusing on early harvesting of malignant cells from body fluids, designing effective therapeutic options, cell targeting, and resonating with tissue and genetic engineering principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Aghajanloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Science, Research and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Hanieh Hadady
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Michael Pycraft Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Wang Z, Wang H, Lin S, Angers S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Phenotypic targeting using magnetic nanoparticles for rapid characterization of cellular proliferation regulators. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj1468. [PMID: 38718125 PMCID: PMC11078187 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide CRISPR screens have provided a systematic way to identify essential genetic regulators of a phenotype of interest with single-cell resolution. However, most screens use live/dead readout of viability to identify factors of interest. Here, we describe an approach that converts cell proliferation into the degree of magnetization, enabling downstream microfluidic magnetic sorting to be performed. We performed a head-to-head comparison and verified that the magnetic workflow can identify the same hits from a traditional screen while reducing the screening period from 4 weeks to 1 week. Taking advantage of parallelization and performance, we screened multiple mesenchymal cancer cell lines for their dependency on cell proliferation. We found and validated pan- and cell-specific potential therapeutic targets. The method presented provides a nanoparticle-enabled approach means to increase the breadth of data collected in CRISPR screens, enabling the rapid discovery of drug targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts and Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts and Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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3
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Chen X, Liu S, Shen M, Shi J, Wu C, Song Z, Zhao Y. Dielectrophoretic characterization and selection of non-spherical flagellate algae in parallel channels with right-angle bipolar electrodes. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2506-2517. [PMID: 38619815 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00165f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Non-spherical flagellate algae play an increasingly significant role in handling problematic issues as versatile biological micro/nanorobots and resources of valuable bioproducts. However, the commensalism of flagellate algae with distinct structures and constituents causes considerable difficulties in their further biological utilization. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a novel method to realize high-efficiency selection of non-spherical flagellate algae in a non-invasive manner. Enthused by these, we proposed a novel method to accomplish the selection of flagellate algae based on the numerical and experimental investigation of dielectrophoretic characterizations of flagellate algae. Firstly, an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method was utilized to study the electro-orientation and dielectrophoretic assembly process of spindle-shaped and ellipsoid-shaped cells in a uniform electric field. Secondly, we studied the equilibrium state of spherical, ellipsoid-shaped, and spindle-shaped cells under positive DEP forces actuated by right-angle bipolar electrodes. Thirdly, we investigated the dielectrophoretic assembly and escape processes of the non-spherical flagellate algae in continuous flow to explore their influences on the selection. Fourthly, freshwater flagellate algae (Euglena, H. pluvialis, and C. reinhardtii) and marine ones (Euglena, Dunaliella salina, and Platymonas) were separated to validate the feasibility and adaptability of this method. Finally, this approach was engineered in the selection of Euglena cells with high viability and motility. This method presents immense prospects in the selection of pure non-spherical flagellate algae with high motility for chronic wound healing, bio-micromotor construction, and decontamination with advantages of no sheath, strong reliability, and shape-insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Mo Shen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Jishun Shi
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Chungang Wu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Zhipeng Song
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China.
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4
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Wu Y, Ma X, Li K, Yue Y, Zhang Z, Meng Y, Wang S. Bipolar Electrode-based Sheath-Less Focusing and Continuous Acoustic Sorting of Particles and Cells in an Integrated Microfluidic Device. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3627-3635. [PMID: 38346846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Sheath-less focusing and sorting of cells or particles is an important preprocessing step in a variety of biochemical applications. Most of the previous sorting methods depend on the use of sheath flows to realize efficient cell focusing. The sheath flow dilutes the sample and requires precise flow control via additional channels. We, for the first time, reported a method of bipolar electrode (BPE)-based sheath-less focusing, switching, and tilted-angle standing surface acoustic wave-based sorting of cells and particles in continuous flow. The device consists of a piezoelectric substrate with a pair of BPEs for focusing and switching, and a pair of interdigitated transducers for cell sorting. Smaller cells experience a weak acoustic force and reach the lower outlet, whereas larger cells are subjected to a strong acoustic force such that they are propelled toward the upper outlet. We first validate the device functionality by sorting 5 and 8 μm PS beads with a high sorting efficiency. The working and deflection regions were increased by propelling the particle beam toward the bottom edge of BPE via changing the applied voltage of BPE, further improving the sorting performance with high efficiency (94%) and purity (92%). We then conducted a verification for sorting THP-1 and yeast cells, and the efficiency and purity reached 90.7 and 91.5%, respectively. This integrated device eliminates the requirement of balancing the flow of several sheath inlets and provides a robust and unique approach for cell sorting applications, showing immense promise in various applications, such as medical diagnosis, drug delivery, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, PR China
- Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang 215400, PR China
| | - Xun Ma
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Kemu Li
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Yuanbo Yue
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Zhexin Zhang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Yingqi Meng
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201800, PR China
| | - Shaoxi Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
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5
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Giesler J, Weirauch L, Pesch GR, Baune M, Thöming J. Semi-continuous dielectrophoretic separation at high throughput using printed circuit boards. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20696. [PMID: 38001123 PMCID: PMC10673871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47571-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Particle separation is an essential part of many processes. One mechanism to separate particles according to size, shape, or material properties is dielectrophoresis (DEP). DEP arises when a polarizable particle is immersed in an inhomogeneous electric field. DEP can attract microparticles toward the local field maxima or repulse them from these locations. In biotechnology and microfluidic devices, this is a well-described and established method to separate (bio-)particles. Increasing the throughput of DEP separators while maintaining their selectivity is a field of current research. In this study, we investigate two approaches to increase the overall throughput of an electrode-based DEP separator that uses selective trapping of particles. We studied how particle concentration affects the separation process by using two differently-sized graphite particles. We showed that concentrations up to 800 mg/L can be processed without decreasing the collection rate depending on the particle size. As a second approach to increase the throughput, parallelization in combination with two four-way valves, relays, and stepper motors was presented and successfully tested to continuously separate conducting from non-conducting particles. By demonstrating possible concentrations and enabling a semi-continuous process, this study brings the low-cost DEP setup based on printed circuit boards one step closer to real-world applications. The principle for semi-continuous processing is also applicable for other DEP devices that use trapping DEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Giesler
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura Weirauch
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Georg R Pesch
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Baune
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology (UFT), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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6
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Borenstein JT, Cummins G, Dutta A, Hamad E, Hughes MP, Jiang X, Lee HH, Lei KF, Tang XS, Zheng Y, Chen J. Bionanotechnology and bioMEMS (BNM): state-of-the-art applications, opportunities, and challenges. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4928-4949. [PMID: 37916434 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of micro- and nanotechnology for biomedical applications has defined the cutting edge of medical technology for over three decades, as advancements in fabrication technology developed originally in the semiconductor industry have been applied to solving ever-more complex problems in medicine and biology. These technologies are ideally suited to interfacing with life sciences, since they are on the scale lengths as cells (microns) and biomacromolecules (nanometers). In this paper, we review the state of the art in bionanotechnology and bioMEMS (collectively BNM), including developments and challenges in the areas of BNM, such as microfluidic organ-on-chip devices, oral drug delivery, emerging technologies for managing infectious diseases, 3D printed microfluidic devices, AC electrokinetics, flexible MEMS devices, implantable microdevices, paper-based microfluidic platforms for cellular analysis, and wearable sensors for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard Cummins
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Abhishek Dutta
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, USA.
| | - Eyad Hamad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Michael Pycraft Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, China.
| | - Hyowon Hugh Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Jie Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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7
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Aghaamoo M, Cardenas-Benitez B, Lee AP. A High-Throughput Microfluidic Cell Sorter Using a Three-Dimensional Coupled Hydrodynamic-Dielectrophoretic Pre-Focusing Module. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1813. [PMID: 37893250 PMCID: PMC10609158 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful tool for label-free sorting of cells, even those with subtle differences in morphological and dielectric properties. Nevertheless, a major limitation is that most existing DEP techniques can efficiently sort cells only at low throughputs (<1 mL h-1). Here, we demonstrate that the integration of a three-dimensional (3D) coupled hydrodynamic-DEP cell pre-focusing module upstream of the main DEP sorting region enables cell sorting with a 10-fold increase in throughput compared to conventional DEP approaches. To better understand the key principles and requirements for high-throughput cell separation, we present a comprehensive theoretical model to study the scaling of hydrodynamic and electrostatic forces on cells at high flow rate regimes. Based on the model, we show that the critical cell-to-electrode distance needs to be ≤10 µm for efficient cell sorting in our proposed microfluidic platform, especially at flow rates ≥ 1 mL h-1. Based on those findings, a computational fluid dynamics model and particle tracking analysis were developed to find optimum operation parameters (e.g., flow rate ratios and electric fields) of the coupled hydrodynamic-DEP 3D focusing module. Using these optimum parameters, we experimentally demonstrate live/dead K562 cell sorting at rates as high as 10 mL h-1 (>150,000 cells min-1) with 90% separation purity, 85% cell recovery, and no negative impact on cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aghaamoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Braulio Cardenas-Benitez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Abraham P. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.); (B.C.-B.)
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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8
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Chen X, Liu S, Shen M, Gao Z, Hu S, Zhao Y. Dielectrophoretic assembly and separation of particles and cells in continuous flow. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:4485-4493. [PMID: 37610139 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00666b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoretic (DEP) separation has been recognized as a practical tool in the separation of cells and particles for clinical diagnosis, the pharmaceutical industry and environmental monitoring. Assembly of particles and cells under DEP force is a common phenomenon and has an influence on their separation but has not been understood fully. Encouraged by these aspects, we developed a microfluidic device with a bipolar electrode array to investigate the assembly and separation of particles and cells at a large scale. First, we studied the assembly and evolution mechanisms of particles of one type under an AC electric field. Then, we investigated the interaction and assembly of multiple particles with dissimilar properties under DEP force. Depending on the development of microfluidic devices, we visualize the assembly process of yeast cells at the electrode rims and of polystyrene particles at the channel centers, and explore the influence of pearl chain formation on their separation. With increasing flow velocity from 288 to 720 μL h-1, the purity of 5 μm polystyrene particles surpasses 94.9%. Furthermore, we studied the DEP response of Scenedesmus sp. and C. vulgaris, and explored the influence of cell chains on the isolation of C. vulgaris. The purity of Scenedesmus sp. and C. vulgaris witnessed a decrease from 95.7% to 90.8% when the flow rate increased from 288 to 864 μL h-1. Finally, we investigated the extension of the electric field under chains of Oocystis sp. at the electrode rims by studying chain formation and capture of C. vulgaris, and studied its effect on cell chain length, recovered cell purity and cell concentration. When chains of Oocystis sp. were formed, the purity of C. vulgaris kept unchanged and the concentration decreased from 2793 cells per μL to 2039 cells per μL. This work demonstrates continuous DEP-based assembly and separation of particles and cells, which facilitates high-efficiency isolation of targeted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Chen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Mo Shen
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
| | - Sheng Hu
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China
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9
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Wang Z, Ahmed S, Labib M, Wang H, Wu L, Bavaghar-Zaeimi F, Shokri N, Blanco S, Karim S, Czarnecka-Kujawa K, Sargent EH, McGray AJR, de Perrot M, Kelley SO. Isolation of tumour-reactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood via microfluidic immunomagnetic cell sorting. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1188-1203. [PMID: 37037966 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes for the treatment of solid tumours is hindered by the need to obtain large and fresh tumour fractions, which is often not feasible in patients with unresectable tumours or recurrent metastases. Here we show that circulating tumour-reactive lymphocytes (cTRLs) can be isolated from peripheral blood at high yield and purity via microfluidic immunomagnetic cell sorting, allowing for comprehensive downstream analyses of these rare cells. We observed that CD103 is strongly expressed by the isolated cTRLs, and that in mice with subcutaneous tumours, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from the tumours and rapidly expanded CD8+CD103+ cTRLs isolated from blood are comparably potent and respond similarly to immune checkpoint blockade. We also show that CD8+CD103+ cTRLs isolated from the peripheral blood of patients and co-cultured with tumour cells dissociated from their resected tumours resulted in the enrichment of interferon-γ-secreting cell populations with T-cell-receptor clonotypes substantially overlapping those of the patients' tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Therapeutically potent cTRLs isolated from peripheral blood may advance the clinical development of adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Bavaghar-Zaeimi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nastaran Shokri
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soraly Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saraf Karim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kasia Czarnecka-Kujawa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A J Robert McGray
- Department of Immunology, Division of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Samad MIA, Ponnuthurai DR, Badrudin SI, Ali MAM, Razak MAA, Buyong MR, Latif R. Migration Study of Dielectrophoretically Manipulated Red Blood Cells in Tapered Aluminium Microelectrode Array: A Pilot Study. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1625. [PMID: 37630162 PMCID: PMC10457829 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is one of the microfluid-based techniques that can manipulate the red blood cells (RBC) for blood plasma separation, which is used in many medical screening/diagnosis applications. The tapered aluminium microelectrode array (TAMA) is fabricated for potential sensitivity enhancement of RBC manipulation in lateral and vertical directions. In this paper, the migration properties of dielectrophoretically manipulated RBC in TAMA platform are studied at different peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) and duration supplied onto the microelectrodes. Positive DEP manipulation is conducted at 440 kHz with the RBC of 4.00 ± 0.2 µm average radius attracted to the higher electric field intensity regions, which are the microelectrodes. High percentage of RBC migration occurred at longer manipulation time and high electrode voltage. During DEP manipulation, the RBC are postulated to levitate upwards, experience the electro-orientation mechanism and form the pearl chains before migrating to the electrodes. The presence of external forces other than the dielectrophoretic force may also affect the migration response of RBC. The safe operating limit of 10 Vpp and manipulation duration of ≤50 s prevent RBC rupture while providing high migration percentage. It is crucial to define the safe working region for TAMA devices that manipulate small RBC volume (~10 µL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Izzuddin Abd Samad
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Darven Raj Ponnuthurai
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Syazwani Izrah Badrudin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Mohd Anuar Mohd Ali
- School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.M.A.); (M.A.A.R.)
| | - Mohd Azhar Abdul Razak
- School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (M.A.M.A.); (M.A.A.R.)
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Rhonira Latif
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.I.A.S.); (D.R.P.); (S.I.B.); (M.R.B.)
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11
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Lu N, Tay HM, Petchakup C, He L, Gong L, Maw KK, Leong SY, Lok WW, Ong HB, Guo R, Li KHH, Hou HW. Label-free microfluidic cell sorting and detection for rapid blood analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1226-1257. [PMID: 36655549 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood tests are considered as standard clinical procedures to screen for markers of diseases and health conditions. However, the complex cellular background (>99.9% RBCs) and biomolecular composition often pose significant technical challenges for accurate blood analysis. An emerging approach for point-of-care blood diagnostics is utilizing "label-free" microfluidic technologies that rely on intrinsic cell properties for blood fractionation and disease detection without any antibody binding. A growing body of clinical evidence has also reported that cellular dysfunction and their biophysical phenotypes are complementary to standard hematoanalyzer analysis (complete blood count) and can provide a more comprehensive health profiling. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in microfluidic label-free separation of different blood cell components including circulating tumor cells, leukocytes, platelets and nanoscale extracellular vesicles. Label-free single cell analysis of intrinsic cell morphology, spectrochemical properties, dielectric parameters and biophysical characteristics as novel blood-based biomarkers will also be presented. Next, we will highlight research efforts that combine label-free microfluidics with machine learning approaches to enhance detection sensitivity and specificity in clinical studies, as well as innovative microfluidic solutions which are capable of fully integrated and label-free blood cell sorting and analysis. Lastly, we will envisage the current challenges and future outlook of label-free microfluidics platforms for high throughput multi-dimensional blood cell analysis to identify non-traditional circulating biomarkers for clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 65 Nanyang Drive, Block N3, 637460, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Chayakorn Petchakup
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Linwei He
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Lingyan Gong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Kay Khine Maw
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Sheng Yuan Leong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Wan Wei Lok
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Hong Boon Ong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Ruya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - King Ho Holden Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 65 Nanyang Drive, Block N3, 637460, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 65 Nanyang Drive, Block N3, 637460, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
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12
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Deivasigamani R, Mohd Maidin NN, Abdul Nasir NS, Abdulhameed A, Ahmad Kayani AB, Mohamed MA, Buyong MR. A correlation of conductivity medium and bioparticle viability on dielectrophoresis-based biomedical applications. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:573-620. [PMID: 36604943 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) bioparticle research has progressed from micro to nano levels. It has proven to be a promising and powerful cell manipulation method with an accurate, quick, inexpensive, and label-free technique for therapeutic purposes. DEP, an electrokinetic phenomenon, induces particle movement as a result of polarization effects in a nonuniform electrical field. This review focuses on current research in the biomedical field that demonstrates a practical approach to DEP in terms of cell separation, trapping, discrimination, and enrichment under the influence of the conductive medium in correlation with bioparticle viability. The current review aims to provide readers with an in-depth knowledge of the fundamental theory and principles of the DEP technique, which is influenced by conductive medium and to identify and demonstrate the biomedical application areas. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents obstacles and opportunities, followed by bioparticle viability in an electric field elaborated in detail. Finally, the drawbacks of DEP-based systems and the outlook for the future are addressed. This article will aid in advancing technology by bridging the gap between bioscience and engineering. We hope the insights presented in this review will improve cell suspension medium and promote DEP-viable bioparticle manipulation for health-care diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Deivasigamani
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahira Abdul Nasir
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Aminuddin Bin Ahmad Kayani
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Research Hub for Connected Sensors for Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Low‐cost, high‐throughput and rapid‐prototyped 3D‐integrated dielectrophoretic channels for continuous cell enrichment and separation. Electrophoresis 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Derksen J, Viefhues M. Parallelized continuous flow dielectrophoretic separation of DNA. Electrophoresis 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Derksen
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
- Mechanobiology of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Faculty of Lifesciences University of Siegen Siegen Germany
| | - Martina Viefhues
- Experimental Biophysics and Applied Nanoscience, Faculty of Physics Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
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15
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Morales RTT, Ko J. Future of Digital Assays to Resolve Clinical Heterogeneity of Single Extracellular Vesicles. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11619-11645. [PMID: 35904433 PMCID: PMC10174080 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex lipid membrane vehicles with variable expressions of molecular cargo, composed of diverse subpopulations that participate in the intercellular signaling of biological responses in disease. EV-based liquid biopsies demonstrate invaluable clinical potential for overhauling current practices of disease management. Yet, EV heterogeneity is a major needle-in-a-haystack challenge to translate their use into clinical practice. In this review, existing digital assays will be discussed to analyze EVs at a single vesicle resolution, and future opportunities to optimize the throughput, multiplexing, and sensitivity of current digital EV assays will be highlighted. Furthermore, this review will outline the challenges and opportunities that impact the clinical translation of single EV technologies for disease diagnostics and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee-Tyler T Morales
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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16
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Szittner Z, Péter B, Kurunczi S, Székács I, Horváth R. Functional blood cell analysis by label-free biosensors and single-cell technologies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 308:102727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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17
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Birkholz M, Malti DE, Hartmann S, Neubauer P. Separation of Heterotrophic Microalgae Crypthecodinium cohnii by Dielectrophoresis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:855035. [PMID: 35677299 PMCID: PMC9169251 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.855035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae constitute an abundant source of poly-unsaturated fatty acids which are applied in various biotechnological fields such as pharmaceuticals and food supplement. Separating microalgae cells with respect to their lipid content would establish a relevant at-line analytical technique. The present study demonstrates an electrical approach for the separation of the lipid-producing microalgae Crypthecodinium cohnii using the effect of dielectrophoresis (DEP) in a microfluidic flow cell. Microalgae were cultivated for 8 days, while cell growth was characterized by optical density, dry cell weight, glucose concentration and lipid content via fluorescence microscopy. The size distribution of cells during cultivation was thoroughly investigated, since the DEP force scales with cell volume, but also depends on lipid content via cell electrophysiological constants. Thus, the challenge was to deconvolute one separation effect from the other, while the electrical cell constants of C. cohnii are not known yet. The DEP-dependent separation was realized by slanted top-bottom electrodes with the flowing cell suspension between them. Turning on the voltage deflected the cells from their initial path as determined by the streaming and thus changed their direction of flow. The separation efficiency of DEP was tested for various electrical field strengths and its performance was determined by quantitative analysis of optical and fluorescence videos. It could be shown for all size groups that the most lipid-containing cells were always subject to DEP separation and that the method is thus not only suitable for process analysis, but also for strain selection of the most productive cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Birkholz
- IHP—Leibniz-Institut für Innovative Mikroelektronik, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mario Birkholz,
| | - Danai Eleni Malti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Hartmann
- Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Department of Biotechnology, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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19
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Radisch S, Poltorak MP, Wagner M, Cletiu V, Radisch C, Treise I, Pann S, Weigt A, Artner S, Dreher S, Fechner F, Borjan B, Fraessle SP, Effenberger M, Benke E, Navratil G, Hentschel N, Busch DH, Schmidt T, Stemberger C, Germeroth L. Next generation automated traceless cell chromatography platform for GMP-compliant cell isolation and activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6572. [PMID: 35449227 PMCID: PMC9023455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10320-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale target cell isolation from patient blood preparations is one of the critical operations during drug product manufacturing for personalized cell therapy in immuno-oncology. Use of high-affinity murine antibody coated magnetic nanoparticles that remain on isolated cells is the current standard applied for this purpose. Here, we present the transformation of previously described technology - non-magnetic immunoaffinity column chromatography-based cell selection with reversible reagents into a new clinical-grade cell isolation platform called Automated Traceless Cell affinity chromatography (ATC). ATC is a fully closed and GMP-compliant cell selection and manufacturing system. Reversibility of reagents enables (sequential) positive cell selection, optionally in combination with depletion columns, enabling capture of highly specific cell subsets. Moreover, synergy with other Streptamer-based technologies allows novel uses beyond cell isolation including integrated and automated on-column target cell activation. In conclusion, ATC technology is an innovative as well as versatile platform to select, stimulate and modify cells for clinical manufacturing and downstream therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Radisch
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Mateusz P Poltorak
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Michaela Wagner
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Vlad Cletiu
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Radisch
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Treise
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffi Pann
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexis Weigt
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Artner
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Dreher
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Fechner
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Bojana Borjan
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon P Fraessle
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Effenberger
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Eileen Benke
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Gottfried Navratil
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hentschel
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Stemberger
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Lothar Germeroth
- Juno Therapeutics GmbH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Grillparzerstr. 10, 81675, Munich, Germany
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20
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Wang Z, Ahmed S, Labib M, Wang H, Hu X, Wei J, Yao Y, Moffat J, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Efficient recovery of potent tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes through quantitative immunomagnetic cell sorting. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:108-117. [PMID: 35087171 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies require the recovery and expansion of highly potent tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). However, TILs in tumours are rare and difficult to isolate efficiently, which hinders the optimization of therapeutic potency and dose. Here we show that a configurable microfluidic device can efficiently recover potent TILs from solid tumours by leveraging specific expression levels of target cell-surface markers. The device, which is sandwiched by permanent magnets, balances magnetic forces and fluidic drag forces to sort cells labelled with magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies for the target markers. Compared with conventional cell sorting, immunomagnetic cell sorting recovered up to 30-fold higher numbers of TILs, and the higher levels and diversity of the recovered TILs accelerated TIL expansion and enhanced their therapeutic potency. Immunomagnetic cell sorting also allowed us to identify and isolate potent TIL subpopulations, in particular TILs with moderate levels of CD39 (a marker of T-cell reactivity to tumours and T-cell exhaustion), which we found are tumour-specific, self-renewable and essential for the long-term success of adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiyue Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiarun Wei
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuxi Yao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Magnetic cell separation has become a key methodology for the isolation of target cell populations from biological suspensions, covering a wide spectrum of applications from diagnosis and therapy in biomedicine to environmental applications or fundamental research in biology. There now exists a great variety of commercially available separation instruments and reagents, which has permitted rapid dissemination of the technology. However, there is still an increasing demand for new tools and protocols which provide improved selectivity, yield and sensitivity of the separation process while reducing cost and providing a faster response. This review aims to introduce basic principles of magnetic cell separation for the neophyte, while giving an overview of recent research in the field, from the development of new cell labeling strategies to the design of integrated microfluidic cell sorters and of point-of-care platforms combining cell selection, capture, and downstream detection. Finally, we focus on clinical, industrial and environmental applications where magnetic cell separation strategies are amongst the most promising techniques to address the challenges of isolating rare cells.
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22
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Fabrication of a new all-in-one microfluidic dielectrophoresis integrated chip and living cell separation. iScience 2022; 25:103776. [PMID: 35146391 PMCID: PMC8819401 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic dielectrophoresis (DEP) technology has been applied to many devices to perform label-free target cell separation. Cells separated by these devices are used in laboratories, mainly for medical research. The present study designed a microfluidic DEP device to fabricate a rapid and semiautomated cell separation system in conjunction with microscopy to enumerate the separated cells. With this device, we efficiently segregated bacterial cells from liquid products and enriched one cell type from two mixed eukaryotic cell types. The device eliminated sample pretreatment and established cell separation by all-in-one operation in a lab-on-chip, requiring only a small sample volume (0.5–1 mL) to enumerate the target cells and completing the entire separation process within 30 min. Such a rapid cell separation technique is in high demand by many researchers to promptly characterize the target cells. A new all-in-one microfluidic dielectrophoresis integrated chip is fabricated Simultaneous operation of buffer exchange and continuous cell separation on a chip Chip’s cell separation performance is evaluated with bacterial and eukaryotic cells
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23
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Lin S, Liu Y, Zhang M, Xu X, Chen Y, Zhang H, Yang C. Microfluidic single-cell transcriptomics: moving towards multimodal and spatiotemporal omics. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3829-3849. [PMID: 34541590 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells are the basic units of life with vast heterogeneity. Single-cell transcriptomics unveils cell-to-cell gene expression variabilities, discovers novel cell types, and uncovers the critical roles of cellular heterogeneity in biological processes. The recent advances in microfluidic technologies have greatly accelerated the development of single-cell transcriptomics with regard to throughput, sensitivity, cost, and automation. In this article, we review state-of-the-art microfluidic single-cell transcriptomics, with a focus on the methodologies. We first summarize six typical microfluidic platforms for isolation and transcriptomic analysis of single cells. Then the on-going trend of microfluidic transcriptomics towards multimodal omics, which integrates transcriptomics with other omics to provide more comprehensive pictures of gene expression networks, is discussed. We also highlight single-cell spatial transcriptomics and single-cell temporal transcriptomics that provide unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution to reveal transcriptomic dynamics in space and time, respectively. The emerging applications of microfluidic single-cell transcriptomics are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the current challenges to be tackled and provide perspectives on the future development of microfluidic single-cell transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Lin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yilong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xing Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yingwen Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Huimin Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
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24
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Duncan JL, Davalos RV. A review: Dielectrophoresis for characterizing and separating similar cell subpopulations based on bioelectric property changes due to disease progression and therapy assessment. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2423-2444. [PMID: 34609740 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the use of dielectrophoresis for high-fidelity separations and characterizations of subpopulations to highlight the recent advances in the electrokinetic field as well as provide insight into its progress toward commercialization. The role of cell subpopulations in heterogeneous clinical samples has been studied to deduce their role in disease progression and therapy resistance for instances such as cancer, tissue regeneration, and bacterial infection. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), a label-free electrokinetic technique, has been used to characterize and separate target subpopulations from mixed samples to determine disease severity, cell stemness, and drug efficacy. Despite its high sensitivity to characterize similar or related cells based on their differing bioelectric signatures, DEP has been slowly adopted both commercially and clinically. This review addresses the use of dielectrophoresis for the identification of target cell subtypes in stem cells, cancer cells, blood cells, and bacterial cells dependent on cell state and therapy exposure and addresses commercialization efforts in light of its sensitivity and future perspectives of the technology, both commercially and academically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie L Duncan
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Bioelectromechanical Systems Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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25
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Tang M, Chen J, Lei J, Ai Z, Liu F, Hong SL, Liu K. Precise and convenient size barcode on microfluidic chip for multiplex biomarker detection. Analyst 2021; 146:5892-5897. [PMID: 34494037 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01265g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The existing multiplex biomarker detection methods are limited by the high demand for coding material and expensive detection equipment. This paper proposes a convenient and precise coding method based on a wedge-shaped microfluidic chip, which can be further applied in multiplex biomarker detection. The proposed microfluidic chip has a microchannel with continuously varying height, which can naturally separate and code microparticles of different sizes. Our data indicate that this method can be applied to code more than 5 or 7 kinds of microparticles, even when their size discrepancies are smaller than 1 μm. Based on these, multiplex biomarker detection can be implemented by using microparticles of different sizes, hence each kind of microparticle that coats one kind of antibody represents the species of targets. This method is simple and easy to operate, with no clogging or sophisticated coding design, showing its significant potential in the area of point-of-care tests (POCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Tang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Functional Fibre Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Lei
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao Ai
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Functional Fibre Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Functional Fibre Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Li Hong
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Functional Fibre Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Functional Fibre Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan 30200, People's Republic of China
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26
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Tayebi M, Yang D, Collins DJ, Ai Y. Deterministic Sorting of Submicrometer Particles and Extracellular Vesicles Using a Combined Electric and Acoustic Field. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6835-6842. [PMID: 34355908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sorting of extracellular vesicles has important applications in early stage diagnostics. Current exosome isolation techniques, however, suffer from being costly, having long processing times, and producing low purities. Recent work has shown that active sorting via acoustic and electric fields are useful techniques for microscale separation activities, where combining these has the potential to take advantage of multiple force mechanisms simultaneously. In this work, we demonstrate an approach using both electrical and acoustic forces to manipulate bioparticles and submicrometer particles for deterministic sorting, where we find that the concurrent application of dielectrophoretic (DEP) and acoustophoretic forces decreases the critical diameter at which particles can be separated. We subsequently utilize this approach to sort subpopulations of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes (<200 nm) and microvesicles (>300 nm). Using our combined acoustic/electric approach, we demonstrate exosome purification with more than 95% purity and 81% recovery, well above comparable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoush Tayebi
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Dahou Yang
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - David J Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vitctoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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27
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Pang L, Ding J, Liu XX, Kou Z, Guo L, Xu X, Fan SK. Microfluidics-Based Single-Cell Research for Intercellular Interaction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:680307. [PMID: 34458252 PMCID: PMC8397490 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.680307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular interaction between cell-cell and cell-ECM is critical to numerous biology and medical studies, such as stem cell differentiation, immunotherapy and tissue engineering. Traditional methods employed for delving into intercellular interaction are limited by expensive equipment and sophisticated procedures. Microfluidics technique is considered as one of the powerful measures capable of precisely capturing and manipulating cells and achieving low reagent consumption and high throughput with decidedly integrated functional components. Over the past few years, microfluidics-based systems for intercellular interaction study at a single-cell level have become frequently adopted. This review focuses on microfluidic single-cell studies for intercellular interaction in a 2D or 3D environment with a variety of cell manipulating techniques and applications. The challenges to be overcome are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pang
- School of Basic Medical Science, The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Xi-Xian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhixuan Kou
- School of Basic Medical Science, The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lulu Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, The Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism and Tumor Immunity, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shih-Kang Fan
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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28
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Jiang T, Chen X, Ren Y, Tang D, Jiang H. Dielectric Characterization and Multistage Separation of Various Cells via Dielectrophoresis in a Bipolar Electrode Arrayed Device. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10220-10228. [PMID: 34261311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of microalgal cells is as an indispensable part of producing biofuels for energy security and detecting toxic contaminants for marine routine monitoring. Microalgae live together with various microalgae naturally, and abundant samples need to be tackled in practical applications. Therefore, effective separation technologies need to be developed urgently to achieve high-throughput separation of various microalgae. Herein, we develop a reliable device to characterize the dielectric response of microalgae and sequentially separate various microalgae utilizing dielectrophoretic force in a bipolar electrode (BPE) arrayed device. First, by investigating the array width extension (AWE) effect on the electric- and flow-field distributions, we explore consequences of incidental electrohydrodynamic mechanisms and axial flow rate on the separation. Second, based on device performance on sample characterizations, we demonstrate this technology by separating microparticles in three- and five-channel devices. Third, we discriminate dead and live cells to explore its capability using the cell viability test and illustrate the AWE influence on the separation. Fourth, we characterize dielectric responses of different microalgae and separate C. vulgaris and Oocystis sp. Finally, we extended BPEs in length and developed an arrayed device for sequential separation of various microalgae, and this platform is successfully engineered in high-throughput isolation of C. vulgaris from complex samples. This technology presents good potential in addressing depleting fossil fuel and burgeoning environmental concerns due to its performance in the separation of microalgal strains from complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Dewei Tang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China
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29
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Rahman MRU, Kwak TJ, Woehl JC, Chang WJ. Effect of geometry on dielectrophoretic trap stiffness in microparticle trapping. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:33. [PMID: 34185161 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis, an electrokinetic technique, can be used for contactless manipulation of micro- and nano-size particles suspended in a fluid. We present a 3-D microfluidic DEP device with an orthogonal electrode configuration that uses negative dielectrophoresis to trap spherical polystyrene micro-particles. Traps with three different basic geometric shapes, i.e. triangular, square, and circular, and a fixed trap area of around 900 μm2 were investigated to determine the effect of trap shape on dynamics and strength of particle trapping. Effects of trap geometry were quantitatively investigated by means of trap stiffness, with applied electric potentials from 6 VP-P to 10 VP-P at 1 MHz. Analyzing the trap stiffness with a trapped 4.42 μm spherical particle showed that the triangular trap is the strongest, while the square shape trap is the weakest. The trap stiffness grew more than eight times in triangular traps and six times in both square and circular traps when the potential of the applied electric field was increased from 6 VP-P to 10 VP-P at 1 MHz. With the maximum applied potential, i.e. 10 VP-P at 1 MHz, the stiffness of the triangular trap was 60% and 26% stronger than the square and circular trap, respectively. A finite element model of the microfluidic DEP device was developed to numerically compute the DEP force for these trap shapes. The findings from the numerical computation demonstrate good agreement with the experimental analysis. The analysis of three different trap shapes provides important insights to predict trapping location, strength of the trapping zone, and optimized geometry for high throughput particle trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae Joon Kwak
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jörg C Woehl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA. .,School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
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30
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Jianghong L, Tingting M, Yingping Z, Tong Y, Lanxia Z, Jingwen L, Wentao Z, Pengbo C, Hong Y, Fuqiang H. Aptamer and Peptide-Modified Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Application of Combined Sequential Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2558-2568. [PMID: 34047187 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known as the most common malignancy of the hepatobiliary system with a continued increase in incidence but limited therapeutic options. Nanomedicine has provided a promising strategy through engineered nanocarriers that are capable of targeting therapeutic agents specifically to tumor cells. In this research, two aptamer/peptide-modified lipid-based drug delivery systems (A54-PEG-SLN/OXA and A15-PEG-SLN/SAL) were developed as a sequential therapeutic strategy to conquer specific hepatocellular carcinoma. The nanomedicine A54-PEG-SLN/OXA was able to target specific hepatocellular carcinoma cell BEL-7402 and exhibited a strong targeting ability and antitumor efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. The A15-PEG-SLN/SAL could target and penetrate deeply to the spheroid composed of CD133+ cancer cells. In the study of developing a sequential therapeutic strategy, we demonstrated that A54-PEG-SLN/OXA could kill tumor cells and expose CD133+ cancer cells. After the administration of A15-PEG-SLN/SAL, the growth of the tumors was significantly inhibited. In conclusion, the aptamer/peptide-modified lipid-based drug delivery systems, A54-PEG-SLN/OXA and A15-PEG-SLN/SAL, could specifically target carcinoma cells and had an evident antitumor effect when administrated sequentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Jianghong
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University No. 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Meng Tingting
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Yingping
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tong
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Lanxia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No.16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266000, P. R. China
| | - Liu Jingwen
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zhou Wentao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Chen Pengbo
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hu Fuqiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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31
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Wu Y, Chattaraj R, Ren Y, Jiang H, Lee D. Label-Free Multitarget Separation of Particles and Cells under Flow Using Acoustic, Electrophoretic, and Hydrodynamic Forces. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7635-7646. [PMID: 34014074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiplex separation of mixed biological samples is essential in a considerable portion of biomedical research and clinical applications. An automated and operator-independent process for the separation of samples is highly sought after. There is a significant unmet need for methods that can perform fractionation of small volumes of multicomponent mixtures. Herein, we design an integrated chip that combines acoustic and electric fields to enable efficient and label-free separation of multiple different cells and particles under flow. To facilitate the connection of multiple sorting mechanisms in tandem, we investigate the electroosmosis (EO)-induced deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) separation in a combined pressure- and DC field-driven flow and exploit the combination of the bipolar electrode (BPE) focusing and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sorting modules. We successfully integrate four sequential microfluidic modules for multitarget separation within a single platform: (i) sorting particles and cells relying on the size and surface charge by adjusting the flow rate and electric field using a DLD array; (ii) alignment of cells or particles within a microfluidic channel by a bipolar electrode; (iii) separation of particles based on compressibility and density by the acoustic force; and (iv) separation of viable and nonviable cells using dielectric properties via the dielectrophoresis (DEP) force. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate the sorting of multiple cell and particle types (polystyrene (PS) particles, oil droplets, and viable and nonviable yeast cells) with high efficiency. This integrated microfluidic platform combines multiple functional components and, with its ability to noninvasively sort multiple targeted cells in a label-free manner relying on different properties, is compatible with high-definition imaging, showing great potential in diverse diagnostic and analysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupan Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China.,School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China.,Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China.,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang 215400, P. R. China
| | - Rajarshi Chattaraj
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yukun Ren
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P. R. China
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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32
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Sengul E, Kara O, Yildizhan Y, Martinez-Duarte R, Elitas M. Single Cell Level Dielectrophoretic Responses & Dielectrophoretic Deformations of Monocytes to Quantify Population Heterogeneity. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2221-2226. [PMID: 33018449 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell dielectrophoretic movement and dielectrophoretic deformation of monocyte cells were interrogated applying 20 Vpp, 50 kHz to 1 MHz signal in the 3D carbon electrode array. Heterogeneity of the monocyte population is shown in terms of the crossover frequencies, translational movement, and deformation index of the cells. The results presented that crossover range for monocytes was 100 kHz - 200 kHz, the translational movement of the cells was rapidly altered when the initial positions of the cells were in the negative dielectrophoretic region. Finally, the deformation index of the monocyte population varied from 0.5 to 1.5.
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33
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Lozar T, Jesenko T, Kloboves Prevodnik V, Cemazar M, Hosta V, Jericevic A, Nolde N, Grasic Kuhar C. Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Magnetic-Activated Cell Separation Technology for CTC Isolation in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:554554. [PMID: 33042837 PMCID: PMC7522616 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.554554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) count is an independent prognostic factor in early breast cancer. CTCs can be found in the blood of 20% of patients prior to neoadjuvant therapy. We aimed to assess the suitability of magnetic-activated cell separation (MACS) technology for isolation and cytological characterization of CTCs. In the preclinical part of the study, cell lines were spiked into buffy coat samples derived from healthy donors, and isolated using MACS. Breast cancer cells with preserved cell morphology were successfully isolated. In the clinical part, blood for CTC isolation was drawn from 44 patients with early and locally advanced breast cancer prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Standard Giemsa, Papanicolaou and pancytokeratin staining was applied. 2.3% of samples contained cells that meet both the morphological and immunocytochemical criteria for CTC. In 32.6% of samples, partially degenerated pancytokeratin negative cells with morphological features of tumor cells were observed. In 65.1% of samples, CTCs were not found. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that morphologically intact tumor cells can be isolated using MACS technology. However, morphologically intact tumor cells were not detected in the clinical part of the study. At present, MACS technology does not appear suitable for use in a clinical cytopathology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Lozar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Jesenko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kloboves Prevodnik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Violeta Hosta
- Department of Dermatovenereology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Jericevic
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Natasa Nolde
- Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cvetka Grasic Kuhar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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34
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Fattahi N, Nieves-Otero PA, Masigol M, van der Vlies AJ, Jensen RS, Hansen RR, Platt TG. Photodegradable Hydrogels for Rapid Screening, Isolation, and Genetic Characterization of Bacteria with Rare Phenotypes. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3140-3151. [PMID: 32559368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Screening mutant libraries (MLs) of bacteria for strains with specific phenotypes is often a slow and laborious process that requires assessment of tens of thousands of individual cell colonies after plating and culturing on solid media. In this report, we develop a three-dimensional, photodegradable hydrogel interface designed to dramatically improve the throughput of ML screening by combining high-density cell culture with precision extraction and the recovery of individual, microscale colonies for follow-up genetic and phenotypic characterization. ML populations are first added to a hydrogel precursor solution consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) o-nitrobenzyl diacrylate and PEG-tetrathiol macromers, where they become encapsulated into 13 μm thick hydrogel layers at a density of 90 cells/mm2, enabling parallel monitoring of 2.8 × 104 mutants per hydrogel. Encapsulated cells remain confined within the elastic matrix during culture, allowing one to track individual cells that grow into small, stable microcolonies (45 ± 4 μm in diameter) over the course of 72 h. Colonies with rare growth profiles can then be identified, extracted, and recovered from the hydrogel in a sequential manner and with minimal damage using a high-resolution, 365 nm patterned light source. The light pattern can be varied to release motile cells, cellular aggregates, or microcolonies encapsulated in protective PEG coatings. To access the benefits of this approach for ML screening, an Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 transposon ML was screened for rare, resistant mutants able to grow in the presence of cell free culture media from Rhizobium rhizogenes K84, a well-known inhibitor of C58 cell growth. Subsequent genomic analysis of rare cells (9/28,000) that developed into microcolonies identified that seven of the resistant strains had mutations in the acc locus of the Ti plasmid. These observations are consistent with past research demonstrating that the disruption of this locus confers resistance to agrocin 84, an inhibitory molecule produced by K84. The high-throughput nature of the screen allows the A. tumefaciens genome (approximately 5.6 Mbps) to be screened to saturation in a single experimental trial, compared to hundreds of platings required by conventional plating approaches. As a miniaturized version of the gold-standard plating assay, this materials-based approach offers a simple, inexpensive, and highly translational screening technique that does not require microfluidic devices or complex liquid handling steps. The approach is readily adaptable to other applications that require isolation and study of rare or phenotypically pure cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Fattahi
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Mohammadali Masigol
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - André J van der Vlies
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Reilly S Jensen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Ryan R Hansen
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Thomas G Platt
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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35
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Dalili A, Taatizadeh E, Tahmooressi H, Tasnim N, Rellstab-Sánchez PI, Shaunessy M, Najjaran H, Hoorfar M. Parametric study on the geometrical parameters of a lab-on-a-chip platform with tilted planar electrodes for continuous dielectrophoretic manipulation of microparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11718. [PMID: 32678180 PMCID: PMC7366698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices have led to significant improvements in the on-chip manipulation, separation, sorting, and isolation of particles and cells. Among various LOC-based approaches such as inertia-based methods, acoustophoresis, and magnetophoresis, the planar-slanted-electrode dielectrophoresis (DEP) method has demonstrated great potential as a label-free, cost-effective, and user-friendly approach. However, the devices built based on this method suffer from low flow throughput compared to devices functioning based on other LOC-based manipulation approaches. In order to overcome this obstacle, the geometrical parameters of these types of DEP-based devices must be studied to increase the effectiveness of DEP manipulation. With the consideration of both numerical and experimental studies, this paper studies the geometrical factors of a LOC platform consisting of tilted planar electrodes with the goal of achieving higher throughput in continuous manipulation of polystyrene particles. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to study the effect of the electrodes geometry on the induced electric field. The simulation results show that by increasing the electrode's width and decreasing the electrode's spacing, higher DEP force is generated. Furthermore, the experimental outcomes indicated that lower channel height, higher voltage, and larger particle size resulted in the most improvement to DEP manipulation. Additionally, the experimental results demonstrated that slanted electrodes with an angle of 8° with respect to the direction of flow provide a more effective configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Dalili
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Erfan Taatizadeh
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hamed Tahmooressi
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Pamela Inés Rellstab-Sánchez
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Matthew Shaunessy
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Homayoun Najjaran
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Applied Science, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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36
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Payne EM, Holland-Moritz DA, Sun S, Kennedy RT. High-throughput screening by droplet microfluidics: perspective into key challenges and future prospects. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2247-2262. [PMID: 32500896 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In two decades of development, impressive strides have been made for automating basic laboratory operations in droplet-based microfluidics, allowing the emergence of a new form of high-throughput screening and experimentation in nanoliter to femtoliter volumes. Despite advancements in droplet storage, manipulation, and analysis, the field has not yet been widely adapted for many high-throughput screening (HTS) applications. Broad adoption and commercial development of these techniques require robust implementation of strategies for the stable storage, chemical containment, generation of libraries, sample tracking, and chemical analysis of these small samples. We discuss these challenges for implementing droplet HTS and highlight key strategies that have begun to address these concerns. Recent advances in the field leave us optimistic about the future prospects of this rapidly developing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emory M Payne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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37
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Bai Z, Deng Y, Kim D, Chen Z, Xiao Y, Fan R. An Integrated Dielectrophoresis-Trapping and Nanowell Transfer Approach to Enable Double-Sub-Poisson Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7412-7424. [PMID: 32437127 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current technologies for high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) are based upon stochastic pairing of cells and barcoded beads in nanoliter droplets or wells. They are limited by the mathematical principle of the Poisson statistics such that the utilization of either cells or beads or both is no more than ∼33%. Despite the versatile design of microfluidics or microwells for high-yield loading of beads that beats the Poisson limit, subsequent encapsulation of single cells is still determined by stochastic pairing, representing a fundamental limitation in the field of single-cell sequencing. Here, we present dTNT-seq, an integrated dielectrophoresis (DEP)-trapping-nanowell-transfer (dTNT) approach to perform cell trapping and bead loading both in a sub-Poisson manner to facilitate scRNA-seq. A larger-sized 50 μm microwell array was prealigned precisely on top of the 20 μm DEP nanowell array such that single cells trapped by DEP can be readily transferred into the underneath larger wells by flipping the device, followed by subsequent hydrodynamic bead loading and coisolation with transferred single cells. Using a dTNT device composed of 3600 electroactive DEP-nanowell units, we demonstrated a single-cell trapping rate of 91.84%, a transfer efficiency of 82%, and a routine bead loading rate of >99%, which breaks the Poisson limit for the capture of both cells and beads, thus called double-sub-Poisson distribution, prior to encapsulating them in nanoliter wells for cellular mRNA barcoding. This approach was applied to human (HEK) and mouse (3T3) cells. Comparison with a non-DEP-based method through gene expression clustering and regulatory pathway analysis demonstrates consistent patterns and negligible alternation of cellular transcriptional states by DEP. We envision the dTNT-seq device can be modified for studying cell-cell interactions and enable other applications requiring active manipulation of single cells prior to transcriptome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Bai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Human and Translational Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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38
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Alnaimat F, Mathew B, Hilal-Alnaqbi A. Modeling a Dielectrophoretic Microfluidic Device with Vertical Interdigitated Transducer Electrodes for Separation of Microparticles Based on Size. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11060563. [PMID: 32486442 PMCID: PMC7345043 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article conceptualizes and mathematically models a dielectrophoretic microfluidic device with two sets of interdigitated transducer vertical electrodes for separation of a binary heterogeneous mixture of particles based on size; each set of electrodes is located on the sidewalls and independently controllable. To achieve separation in the proposed microfluidic device, the small microparticles are subjected to positive dielectrophoresis and the big microparticles do not experience dielectrophoresis. The mathematical model consists of equations describing the motion of each microparticle, fluid flow profile, and electric voltage and field profiles, and they are solved numerically. The equations of motion take into account the influence of phenomena, such as inertia, drag, dielectrophoresis, gravity, and buoyancy. The model is used for a parametric study to understand the influence of parameters on the performance of the microfluidic device. The parameters studied include applied electric voltages, electrode dimensions, volumetric flow rate, and number of electrodes. The separation efficiency of the big and small microparticles is found to be independent of and dependent on all parameters, respectively. On the other hand, the separation purity of the big and small microparticles is found to be dependent on and independent of all parameters, respectively. The mathematical model is useful in designing the proposed microfluidic device with the desired level of separation efficiency and separation purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Alnaimat
- Mechanical Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P. O. Box 15551, UAE; (F.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Bobby Mathew
- Mechanical Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P. O. Box 15551, UAE; (F.A.); (B.M.)
| | - Ali Hilal-Alnaqbi
- Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, MBZ campus, Abu Dhabi P. O. Box. 111499, UAE
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-2-695-1070
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39
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Wang S, Hong S, Cai S, Lei J, Chen J, Zhang N, Ai Z, Liu K, Tang M. Negative depletion mediated brightfield circulating tumour cell identification strategy on microparticle-based microfluidic chip. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:70. [PMID: 32381091 PMCID: PMC7206695 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most convenient circulating tumor cells (CTCs) identification method is direct analysis of cells under bright field microscopy by which CTCs can be comprehensive studied based on morphology, phenotype or even cellular function. However, universal cell markers and a standard tumour cell map do not exist, thus limiting the clinical application of CTCs. Results This paper focuses on an automatic and convenient negative depletion strategy for circulating tumour cell identification under bright field microscopy. In this strategy, immune microparticles (IMPs) are applied to negatively label white blood cells rather than the tumour cells, such that tumour cells can be directly distinguished under brightfield of the microscopy. In this way, all of the heterogeneous tumour cells and their phenotype properties can be retained for further cancer-related studies. In addition, a wedge-shaped microfluidic chip is constructed for heterogeneous CTC pre-purification and enrichment by size, thus significantly decreasing the interference of haematological cells. Additionally, all cell treatments are processed automatically, and the tumour cells can be rapidly counted and distinguished via customized cell analytical software, showing high detection efficiency and automation. This IMPs based negative cell labelling strategy can also be combined with other classic cell identification methods, thus demonstrating its excellent compatibility. Conclusion This identification strategy features simple and harmless for tumour cells, as well as excellent accuracy and efficiency. And the low equipment demand and high automation level make it promise for extensive application in basic medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuibing Wang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan, 30200, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoli Hong
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan, 30200, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijia Cai
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Lei
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyao Chen
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Nangang Zhang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan, 30200, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Ai
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan, 30200, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Liu
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan, 30200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man Tang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Province Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan, 30200, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Hochstetter A. Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E468. [PMID: 32365567 PMCID: PMC7281269 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochstetter
- Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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41
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Advances and applications of isomotive dielectrophoresis for cell analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3813-3833. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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42
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Wang Z, Gagliardi M, Mohamadi RM, Ahmed SU, Labib M, Zhang L, Popescu S, Zhou Y, Sargent EH, Keller GM, Kelley SO. Ultrasensitive and rapid quantification of rare tumorigenic stem cells in hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte populations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay7629. [PMID: 32440533 PMCID: PMC7227422 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to detect rare human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in differentiated populations is critical for safeguarding the clinical translation of cell therapy, as these undifferentiated cells have the capacity to form teratomas in vivo. The detection of hPSCs must be performed using an approach compatible with traceable manufacturing of therapeutic cell products. Here, we report a novel microfluidic approach, stem cell quantitative cytometry (SCQC), for the quantification of rare hPSCs in hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte (CM) populations. This approach enables the ultrasensitive capture, profiling, and enumeration of trace levels of hPSCs labeled with magnetic nanoparticles in a low-cost, manufacturable microfluidic chip. We deploy SCQC to assess the tumorigenic risk of hPSC-derived CM populations in vivo. In addition, we isolate rare hPSCs from the differentiated populations using SCQC and characterize their pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Mark Gagliardi
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Reza M. Mohamadi
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sharif U. Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Libing Zhang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sandra Popescu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Yuxiao Zhou
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Gordon M. Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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43
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Mangum CL, Patel DP, Jafek AR, Samuel R, Jenkins TG, Aston KI, Gale BK, Hotaling JM. Towards a better testicular sperm extraction: novel sperm sorting technologies for non-motile sperm extracted by microdissection TESE. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:S206-S214. [PMID: 32257861 PMCID: PMC7108989 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.08.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is the most severe form of male factor infertility. It is characterized by a lack of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) has significantly improved testicular sperm retrieval rates compared to conventional techniques for NOA. Following testicular biopsy, the sperm is usually non-motile and contained within seminiferous tubules requiring extensive laboratory processing to find individual sperm sufficient for artificial reproductive technologies (ART). Current techniques include mechanical and enzymatic processing which is time-consuming and often damaging to sperm. We review novel techniques that may help improve sperm retrieval rates after microTESE including microfluidics (dielectrophoretic cell sorting, spiral channel sorting, and pinched flow fractionation), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy L Mangum
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Darshan P Patel
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexander R Jafek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Raheel Samuel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tim G Jenkins
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kenneth I Aston
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Bruce K Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James M Hotaling
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Gray BP, Requena MD, Nichols MD, Sullenger BA. Aptamers as Reversible Sorting Ligands for Preparation of Cells in Their Native State. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 27:232-244.e7. [PMID: 31879266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although antibodies are routinely used to label and isolate a desired cell type from a more complex mixture of cells, via either fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) or magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), such antibody labeling is not easily reversible. We describe an FACS and MACS compatible method to reversibly label and purify cells using aptamers. Magnetic beads loaded with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-binding antagonistic aptamer E07 specifically isolated EGFR-expressing cells, and pure, label-free cells were recovered via treatment with an "antidote" oligonucleotide complementary to the aptamer. Additionally, while FACS sorting cells with E07 or EGFR antibody yielded EGFR(+) cells with impeded EGFR signaling, stripping off the aptamer via antidote treatment restored receptor function, returning cells to their native state, which was not possible with the antibody. The ability to reversibly label or isolate cells without compromising their function is a valuable, versatile tool with important implications for both the laboratory and clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell Gray
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin D Requena
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael D Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Bruce A Sullenger
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2 Genome Ct, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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45
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Crowther CV, Sanderlin V, Hayes MA, Gile GH. Effects of surface treatments on trapping with DC insulator-based dielectrophoresis. Analyst 2019; 144:7478-7488. [PMID: 31720589 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01186b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A central challenge in measuring the biophysical properties of cells with electrokinetic approaches is the assignment of these biophysical properties to specific biological characteristics. Changes in the electrokinetic behavior of cells may come from mutations, altered gene expression levels, post-translation modifications, or environmental effects. Here we assess the electrokinetic behavior of chemically surface-modified bacterial cells in order to gain insight into the biophysical properties that are specifically affected by changes in surface chemistry. Using E. coli as a scaffold, an amine coupling reaction was used to covalently attach glycine, spermine, bovine serum albumin (protein), or 7-amino-4-methyl-3-coumarinylacetic acid (fluorescent dye) to the free carboxylic acid groups on the surface of the cells. These populations, along with unlabeled control cells, were subject to electrokinetic and dielectrophoretic measurements to quantify any changes in the biophysical properties upon alteration. The properties associated with each electrokinetic force are discussed relative to the specific reactant used. We conclude that relatively modest and superficial changes to cell surfaces can cause measurable changes in their biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire V Crowther
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
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46
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Agarwal R, Sarkar A, Bhowmik A, Mukherjee D, Chakraborty S. A portable spinning disc for complete blood count (CBC). Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 150:111935. [PMID: 31818760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Complete Blood Count (CBC) is a collection of the most commonly required clinical tests to assess the manifestations of pathological conditions in blood. The existing clinical methods for this test are prohibitively expensive for the underprivileged global population due to the requirements of sophisticated instrumentation and trained personnel. To overcome these, we propose a unique low cost device as a blood cell counting platform. The method exploits the difference in densities of cells for separation in transparent microfluidic channels and implements label-free imaging method for counting the separated cells within the microfluidic disc. The device is a simple spinning disc to estimate the parameters such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), and platelet counts with an accuracy > 95% as compared to an automated hematology analyzer. The major advantages of this device over state of the art include multiple sample testing within a single biodegradable disc, simple design and fabrication techniques, potential automation thereby making it portable and eliminating the need of trained personnel, and most significantly, eliminating any need for downstream processing of the separated blood. These results may turn out to be of immense consequence towards developing novel point-of-care hematological analyzers for resource-constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arka Bhowmik
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Devdeep Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Ansari A, Schultheis K, Patel R, Al‐Qadi KI, Chen S, Jensen CR, Schad SR, Weddell JC, Vanka SP, Imoukhuede PI. Cell isolation via spiral microfluidics and the secondary anchor targeted cell release system. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ansari
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Kinsey Schultheis
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Reema Patel
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Kareem I. Al‐Qadi
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Si Chen
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Cassandra R. Jensen
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Samantha R. Schad
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Jared C. Weddell
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Surya P. Vanka
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - P. I. Imoukhuede
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
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Shkolnikov V, Xin D, Chen CH. Continuous dielectrophoretic particle separation via isomotive dielectrophoresis with bifurcating stagnation flow. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2988-2995. [PMID: 31538669 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel technique for continuous label-free separation of particles based on their dielectrophoretic crossover frequencies. Our technique relies on our unique microfluidic geometry which performs hydrodynamic focusing, generates a stagnation flow with two outlets, and simultaneously produces an isomotive dielectrophoretic field via wall-situated electrodes. To perform particle separation, we hydrodynamically focus particles onto stagnation streamlines and use isomotive dielectrophoretic force to nudge the particles off these streamlines and direct them into appropriate outlets. Focusing particles onto stagnation streamlines obviates the need for large forces to be applied to the particles and therefore increases system throughput. The use of isomotive (spatially uniform) dielectrophoretic force increases system reliability. To guide designers, we develop and describe a simple scaling model for the particle separation dynamics of our technique. The model predicts the range of particle sizes that can be separated as well as the processing rate that can be achieved as a function of system design parameters: channel size, flow rate, and applied potential. Finally, as a proof-of-principle, we use this technique to separate polystyrene bead and cell mixtures of the same diameters as well as mixtures of both particles with varying diameters.
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49
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Huang J, Lin F, Xiong C. Mechanical characterization of single cells based on microfluidic techniques. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Hanson C, Barney JT, Bishop MM, Vargis E. Simultaneous isolation and label‐free identification of bacteria using contactless dielectrophoresis and Raman spectroscopy. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1446-1456. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hanson
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
| | - Jacob T. Barney
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
| | - Morgan M. Bishop
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
| | - Elizabeth Vargis
- Utah State UniversityDepartment of Biological Engineering Logan UT USA
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