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Chandra P, Philips JA. USP8 promotes intracellular infection by enhancing ESCRT-mediated membrane repair, limiting xenophagy, and reducing oxidative stress. Autophagy 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39178916 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2395134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The host ESCRT-machinery repairs damaged endolysosomal membranes. If damage persists, selective macroautophagy/autophagy clears the damaged compartment. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen that damages the phagosomal membrane and targets ESCRT-mediated repair as part of its virulence program. The E3 ubiquitin ligases PRKN and SMURF1 promote autophagic capture of damaged, Mtb-containing phagosomes. Because ubiquitination is a reversible process, we anticipated that host deubiquitinases (DUBs) would also be involved. Here, we screened all predicted mouse DUBs for their role in ubiquitin targeting and control of intracellular Mtb. We show that USP8 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 8) colocalizes with intracellular Mtb, recognizes phagosomal membrane damage, and is required for ESCRT-dependent membrane repair. Furthermore, we show that USP8 regulates the NFE2L2/NRF2-dependent antioxidant signature. Taken together, our study demonstrates a central role of USP8 in promoting Mtb intracellular growth by promoting phagosomal membrane repair, limiting ubiquitin-driven selective autophagy, and reducing oxidative stress.Abbreviation: BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; CFUs: colony-forming units; DUB: deubiquitinase; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complexes required for transport; LLOMe: L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester; MFI: mean fluorescence intensity; MOI: multiplicity of infection; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; NFE2L2/NRF2: nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; ROS: reactive oxygen species; USP8: ubiquitin specific peptidase 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Mittal E, Prasad GVRK, Upadhyay S, Sadadiwala J, Olive AJ, Yang G, Sassetti CM, Philips JA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence lipid PDIM inhibits autophagy in mice. Nat Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41564-024-01797-5. [PMID: 39242815 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects several lung macrophage populations, which have distinct abilities to restrict Mtb. What enables Mtb survival in certain macrophage populations is not well understood. Here we used transposon sequencing analysis of Mtb in wild-type and autophagy-deficient mouse macrophages lacking ATG5 or ATG7, and found that Mtb genes involved in phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) virulence lipid synthesis confer resistance to autophagy. Using ppsD mutant Mtb, we found that PDIM inhibits LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) by inhibiting phagosome recruitment of NADPH oxidase. In mice, PDIM protected Mtb from LAP and classical autophagy. During acute infection, PDIM was dispensable for Mtb survival in alveolar macrophages but required for survival in non-alveolar macrophages in an autophagy-dependent manner. During chronic infection, autophagy-deficient mice succumbed to infection with PDIM-deficient Mtb, with impairments in B-cell accumulation in lymphoid follicles. These findings demonstrate that PDIM contributes to Mtb virulence and immune evasion, revealing a contributory role for autophagy in B-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekansh Mittal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - G V R Krishna Prasad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandeep Upadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jully Sadadiwala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Guozhe Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher M Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Abbasnia S, Hashem Asnaashari AM, Sharebiani H, Soleimanpour S, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host interactions in the manifestation of tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 36:100458. [PMID: 38983441 PMCID: PMC11231606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The final step of epigenetic processes is changing the gene expression in a new microenvironment in the body, such as neuroendocrine changes, active infections, oncogenes, or chemical agents. The case of tuberculosis (TB) is an outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and host interaction in the manifestation of active and latent TB or clearance. This comprehensive review explains and interprets the epigenetics findings regarding gene expressions on the host-pathogen interactions in the development and progression of tuberculosis. This review introduces novel insights into the complicated host-pathogen interactions, discusses the challengeable results, and shows the gaps in the clear understanding of M.tb behavior. Focusing on the biological phenomena of host-pathogen interactions, the epigenetic changes, and their outcomes provides a promising future for developing effective TB immunotherapies when converting gene expression toward appropriate host immune responses gradually becomes attainable. Overall, this review may shed light on the dark sides of TB pathogenesis as a life-threatening disease. Therefore, it may support effective planning and implementation of epigenetics approaches for introducing proper therapies or effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Abbasnia
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hiva Sharebiani
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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4
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Guallar-Garrido S, Soldati T. Exploring host-pathogen interactions in the Dictyostelium discoideum-Mycobacterium marinum infection model of tuberculosis. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050698. [PMID: 39037280 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogenic mycobacterium that causes tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a significant global health concern that poses numerous clinical challenges, particularly in terms of finding effective treatments for patients. Throughout evolution, host immune cells have developed cell-autonomous defence strategies to restrain and eliminate mycobacteria. Concurrently, mycobacteria have evolved an array of virulence factors to counteract these host defences, resulting in a dynamic interaction between host and pathogen. Here, we review recent findings, including those arising from the use of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum as a model to investigate key mycobacterial infection pathways. D. discoideum serves as a scalable and genetically tractable model for human phagocytes, providing valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions. We also highlight certain similarities between M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum, and the use of M. marinum to more safely investigate mycobacteria in D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Guallar-Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, Science II, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, Science II, 1211 Geneva-4, Switzerland
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5
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Santos-Ribeiro D, Cunha C, Carvalho A. Humoral pathways of innate immune regulation in granuloma formation. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:419-427. [PMID: 38762333 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The humoral arm of mammalian innate immunity regulates several molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to pathogens, inflammation, and tissue repair. Recent studies highlight the crucial role played by humoral mediators in granulomatous inflammation. However the molecular mechanisms linking the function of these soluble molecules to the initiation and maintenance of granulomas remain elusive. We propose that humoral innate immunity coordinates fundamental physiological processes in macrophages which, in turn, initiate activation and transformation events that enable granuloma formation. We discuss the involvement of humoral mediators in processes such as immune activation, phagocytosis, metabolism, and tissue remodeling, and how these can dictate macrophage functionality during granuloma formation. These advances present opportunities for discovering novel disease factors and developing targeted, more effective treatments for granulomatous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santos-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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6
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Ding Y, Tong J, Luo G, Sun R, Bei C, Feng Z, Meng L, Wang F, Zhou J, Chen Z, Li D, Fan Y, Song S, Wang D, Feng CG, Liu H, Chen Q, Yan B, Gao Q. Mycobacterial CpsA activates type I IFN signaling in macrophages via cGAS-mediated pathway. iScience 2024; 27:109807. [PMID: 38766355 PMCID: PMC11099328 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon (IFN) production is crucial in tuberculosis pathogenesis, yet the bacterial factors initiating this process are incompletely understood. CpsA, protein of Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, plays a key role in maintaining bacterial virulence and inhibiting host cell LC3-associated phagocytosis. By utilizing CpsA full deletion mutant studies, we re-verified its essential role in infection-induced pathology and revealed its new role in type I IFN expression. CpsA deficiency hindered IFN production in infected macrophages in vitro as well as zebrafish and mice in vivo. This effect was linked to the cGAS-TBK1-IRF3 pathway, as evidenced by decreased TBK1 and IRF3 phosphorylation in CpsA-deficient bacterial strain-infected macrophages. Moreover, we further show that CpsA deficiency cause decreased cytosolic DNA levels, correlating with impaired phagosomal membrane rupture. Our findings reveal a new function of mycobacterial CpsA in type I IFN production and offer insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying mycobacterial infection pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfeng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Geyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Bei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lu Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences/University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R China
| | - Zihan Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R China
| | - Duoduo Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Song
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Decheng Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medical Sciences; Institute of Infection and Inflammation, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P.R China
| | - Carl G. Feng
- Immunology and Host Defence Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Veerapandian R, Gadad SS, Jagannath C, Dhandayuthapani S. Live Attenuated Vaccines against Tuberculosis: Targeting the Disruption of Genes Encoding the Secretory Proteins of Mycobacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:530. [PMID: 38793781 PMCID: PMC11126151 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease affecting humans, causes over 1.3 million deaths per year throughout the world. The current preventive vaccine BCG provides protection against childhood TB, but it fails to protect against pulmonary TB. Multiple candidates have been evaluated to either replace or boost the efficacy of the BCG vaccine, including subunit protein, DNA, virus vector-based vaccines, etc., most of which provide only short-term immunity. Several live attenuated vaccines derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and BCG have also been developed to induce long-term immunity. Since Mtb mediates its virulence through multiple secreted proteins, these proteins have been targeted to produce attenuated but immunogenic vaccines. In this review, we discuss the characteristics and prospects of live attenuated vaccines generated by targeting the disruption of the genes encoding secretory mycobacterial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Veerapandian
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA
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8
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Wei L, Liu L, Meng Z, Qi K, Gao X, Feng J, Luo J. Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophage Toll-like receptor and its role in autophagy. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:753-770. [PMID: 38563966 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogen responsible for tuberculosis is called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its interaction with macrophages has a significant impact on the onset and progression of the disease. METHODS The respiratory pathway allows Mycobacterium tuberculosis to enter the body's lungs where it battles immune cells before being infected latently or actively. In the progress of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis activates the body's immune system and creates inflammatory factors, which cause tissue inflammation to infiltrate and the creation of granulomas, which seriously harms the body. Toll-like receptors of macrophage can mediate host recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, initiate immune responses, and participate in macrophage autophagy. New host-directed therapeutic approaches targeting autophagy for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis have emerged, providing new ideas for the effective treatment of tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS In-depth understanding of the mechanisms by which macrophage autophagy interacts with intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as the study of potent and specific autophagy-regulating molecules, will lead to much-needed advances in drug discovery and vaccine design, which will improve the prevention and treatment of human tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Wei
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Zudi Meng
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Kai Qi
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Xuehan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Jihong Feng
- Department of Oncology, Lishui People's Hospital, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junmin Luo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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9
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Feng S, McNehlan ME, Kinsella RL, Sur Chowdhury C, Chavez SM, Naik SK, McKee SR, Van Winkle JA, Dubey N, Samuels A, Swain A, Cui X, Hendrix SV, Woodson R, Kreamalmeyer D, Smirnov A, Artyomov MN, Virgin HW, Wang YT, Stallings CL. Autophagy promotes efficient T cell responses to restrict high-dose Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:684-697. [PMID: 38413834 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Although autophagy sequesters Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in in vitro cultured macrophages, loss of autophagy in macrophages in vivo does not result in susceptibility to a standard low-dose Mtb infection until late during infection, leaving open questions regarding the protective role of autophagy during Mtb infection. Here we report that loss of autophagy in lung macrophages and dendritic cells results in acute susceptibility of mice to high-dose Mtb infection, a model mimicking active tuberculosis. Rather than observing a role for autophagy in controlling Mtb replication in macrophages, we find that autophagy suppresses macrophage responses to Mtb that otherwise result in accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and subsequent defects in T cell responses. Our finding that the pathogen-plus-susceptibility gene interaction is dependent on dose has important implications both for understanding how Mtb infections in humans lead to a spectrum of outcomes and for the potential use of autophagy modulators in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Feng
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael E McNehlan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel L Kinsella
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chanchal Sur Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sthefany M Chavez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sumanta K Naik
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel R McKee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacob A Van Winkle
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Neha Dubey
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Samuels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Cui
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Skyler V Hendrix
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reilly Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Darren Kreamalmeyer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Asya Smirnov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women's Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Lefrançois LH, Nitschke J, Wu H, Panis G, Prados J, Butler RE, Mendum TA, Hanna N, Stewart GR, Soldati T. Temporal genome-wide fitness analysis of Mycobacterium marinum during infection reveals the genetic requirement for virulence and survival in amoebae and microglial cells. mSystems 2024; 9:e0132623. [PMID: 38270456 PMCID: PMC10878075 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01326-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains the most pervasive infectious disease and the recent emergence of drug-resistant strains emphasizes the need for more efficient drug treatments. A key feature of pathogenesis, conserved between the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the model pathogen Mycobacterium marinum, is the metabolic switch to lipid catabolism and altered expression of virulence genes at different stages of infection. This study aims to identify genes involved in sustaining viable intracellular infection. We applied transposon sequencing (Tn-Seq) to M. marinum, an unbiased genome-wide strategy combining saturation insertional mutagenesis and high-throughput sequencing. This approach allowed us to identify the localization and relative abundance of insertions in pools of transposon mutants. Gene essentiality and fitness cost of mutations were quantitatively compared between in vitro growth and different stages of infection in two evolutionary distinct phagocytes, the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and the murine BV2 microglial cells. In the M. marinum genome, 57% of TA sites were disrupted and 568 genes (10.2%) were essential, which is comparable to previous Tn-Seq studies on M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. Major pathways involved in the survival of M. marinum during infection of D. discoideum are related to DNA damage repair, lipid and vitamin metabolism, the type VII secretion system (T7SS) ESX-1, and the Mce1 lipid transport system. These pathways, except Mce1 and some glycolytic enzymes, were similarly affected in BV2 cells. These differences suggest subtly distinct nutrient availability or requirement in different host cells despite the known predominant use of lipids in both amoeba and microglial cells.IMPORTANCEThe emergence of biochemically and genetically tractable host model organisms for infection studies holds the promise to accelerate the pace of discoveries related to the evolution of innate immunity and the dissection of conserved mechanisms of cell-autonomous defenses. Here, we have used the genetically and biochemically tractable infection model system Dictyostelium discoideum/Mycobacterium marinum to apply a genome-wide transposon-sequencing experimental strategy to reveal comprehensively which mutations confer a fitness advantage or disadvantage during infection and compare these to a similar experiment performed using the murine microglial BV2 cells as host for M. marinum to identify conservation of virulence pathways between hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise H. Lefrançois
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Science II, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jahn Nitschke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Science II, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Huihai Wu
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Gaël Panis
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/CMU, University of Geneva, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Genève, Switzerland
| | - Julien Prados
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine/CMU, University of Geneva, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Genève, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Support Platform for data analysis, Geneva University, Medicine Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel E. Butler
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Tom A. Mendum
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nabil Hanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Science II, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Graham R. Stewart
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Soldati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Science II, Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Grigsby SJ, Prasad GVRK, Wallach JB, Mittal E, Hsu FF, Schnappinger D, Philips JA. CpsA mediates infection of recruited lung myeloid cells by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113607. [PMID: 38127624 PMCID: PMC10900767 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) possesses an arsenal of virulence factors to evade host immunity. Previously, we showed that the Mtb protein CpsA, which protects Mtb against the host NADPH oxidase, is required in mice during the first 3 weeks of infection but is thereafter dispensable for full virulence. Using flow cytometry, we find that ΔcpsA Mtb is retained in alveolar macrophages, impaired in recruiting and disseminating into monocyte-derived cells, and more likely to be localized in airway cells than wild-type Mtb. The lungs of ΔcpsA-infected mice also have markedly fewer antigen-specific T cells, indicating a delay in adaptive immunity. Thus, we conclude that CpsA promotes dissemination of Mtb from alveolar macrophages and the airways and generation of an adaptive immune response. Our studies of ΔcpsA Mtb show that a more effective innate immune response against Mtb can be undermined by a corresponding delay in the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Grigsby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G V R Krishna Prasad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua B Wallach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ekansh Mittal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Hosseini A, Germic N, Markov N, Stojkov D, Oberson K, Yousefi S, Simon HU. The regulatory role of eosinophils in adipose tissue depends on autophagy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1331151. [PMID: 38235134 PMCID: PMC10792036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1331151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a metabolic condition that elevates the risk of all-cause mortality. Brown and beige adipose tissues, known for their thermogenic properties, offer potential therapeutic targets for combating obesity. Recent reports highlight the role of immune cells, including eosinophils, in adipose tissue homeostasis, while the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods To study the role of autophagy in eosinophils in this process, we used a genetic mouse model lacking autophagy-associated protein 5 (Atg5), specifically within the eosinophil lineage (Atg5 eoΔ). Results The absence of Atg5 in eosinophils led to increased body weight, impaired glucose metabolism, and alterations in the cellular architecture of adipose tissue. Our findings indicate that Atg5 modulates the functional activity of eosinophils within adipose tissue rather than their abundance. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of arginase 2 (Arg2) in Atg5-knockout eosinophils. Increased Arg2 activity was shown to suppress adipocyte beiging. Furthermore, we observed enrichment of the purine pathway in the absence of Atg5 in eosinophils, leading to a pro-inflammatory shift in macrophages and a further reduction in beiging. Discussion The data shed light on the importance of autophagy in eosinophils and its impact on adipose tissue homeostasis by suppressing Arg2 expression and limiting inflammation in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Hosseini
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nina Germic
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nikita Markov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Darko Stojkov
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Oberson
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Shida Yousefi
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
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13
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Aguilera MO, Delgui LR, Reggiori F, Romano PS, Colombo MI. Autophagy as an innate immunity response against pathogens: a Tango dance. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:140-166. [PMID: 38101809 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular infections as well as changes in the cell nutritional environment are main events that trigger cellular stress responses. One crucial cell response to stress conditions is autophagy. During the last 30 years, several scenarios involving autophagy induction or inhibition over the course of an intracellular invasion by pathogens have been uncovered. In this review, we will present how this knowledge was gained by studying different microorganisms. We intend to discuss how the cell, via autophagy, tries to repel these attacks with the objective of destroying the intruder, but also how some pathogens have developed strategies to subvert this. These two fates can be compared with a Tango, a dance originated in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in which the partner dancers are in close connection. One of them is the leader, embracing and involving the partner, but the follower may respond escaping from the leader. This joint dance is indeed highly synchronized and controlled, perfectly reflecting the interaction between autophagy and microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton O Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares Implicados en el Tráfico Vesicular y la Autofagia-Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Odontología, Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Laura R Delgui
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro Universitario M5502JMA, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Patricia S Romano
- Laboratorio de Biología de Trypanosoma cruzi y la célula hospedadora - Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro Universitario M5502JMA, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro Universitario M5502JMA, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María I Colombo
- Laboratorio de Mecanismos Moleculares Implicados en el Tráfico Vesicular y la Autofagia-Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro Universitario M5502JMA, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
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14
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Pellegrino E, Aylan B, Bussi C, Fearns A, Bernard EM, Athanasiadi N, Santucci P, Botella L, Gutierrez MG. Peroxisomal ROS control cytosolic Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication in human macrophages. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202303066. [PMID: 37737955 PMCID: PMC10515436 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202303066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are organelles involved in many metabolic processes including lipid metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) turnover, and antimicrobial immune responses. However, the cellular mechanisms by which peroxisomes contribute to bacterial elimination in macrophages remain elusive. Here, we investigated peroxisome function in iPSC-derived human macrophages (iPSDM) during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We discovered that Mtb-triggered peroxisome biogenesis requires the ESX-1 type 7 secretion system, critical for cytosolic access. iPSDM lacking peroxisomes were permissive to Mtb wild-type (WT) replication but were able to restrict an Mtb mutant missing functional ESX-1, suggesting a role for peroxisomes in the control of cytosolic but not phagosomal Mtb. Using genetically encoded localization-dependent ROS probes, we found peroxisomes increased ROS levels during Mtb WT infection. Thus, human macrophages respond to the infection by increasing peroxisomes that generate ROS primarily to restrict cytosolic Mtb. Our data uncover a peroxisome-controlled, ROS-mediated mechanism that contributes to the restriction of cytosolic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Pellegrino
- Host-pathogen interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Beren Aylan
- Host-pathogen interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Claudio Bussi
- Host-pathogen interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Antony Fearns
- Host-pathogen interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Elliott M. Bernard
- Host-pathogen interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Natalia Athanasiadi
- Host-pathogen interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Pierre Santucci
- Host-pathogen interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Laure Botella
- Host-pathogen interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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15
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Taya T, Teruyama F, Gojo S. Host-directed therapy for bacterial infections -Modulation of the phagolysosome pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227467. [PMID: 37841276 PMCID: PMC10570837 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections still impose a significant burden on humanity, even though antimicrobial agents have long since been developed. In addition to individual severe infections, the f fatality rate of sepsis remains high, and the threat of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria grows with time, putting us at inferiority. Although tremendous resources have been devoted to the development of antimicrobial agents, we have yet to recover from the lost ground we have been driven into. Looking back at the evolution of treatment for cancer, which, like infectious diseases, has the similarity that host immunity eliminates the lesion, the development of drugs to eliminate the tumor itself has shifted from a single-minded focus on drug development to the establishment of a treatment strategy in which the de-suppression of host immunity is another pillar of treatment. In infectious diseases, on the other hand, the development of therapies that strengthen and support the immune system has only just begun. Among innate immunity, the first line of defense that bacteria encounter after invading the host, the molecular mechanisms of the phagolysosome pathway, which begins with phagocytosis to fusion with lysosome, have been elucidated in detail. Bacteria have a large number of strategies to escape and survive the pathway. Although the full picture is still unfathomable, the molecular mechanisms have been elucidated for some of them, providing sufficient clues for intervention. In this article, we review the host defense mechanisms and bacterial evasion mechanisms and discuss the possibility of host-directed therapy for bacterial infection by intervening in the phagolysosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Taya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumiya Teruyama
- Pharmacology Research Department, Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Kowa Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Deretic V. Atg8ylation as a host-protective mechanism against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FRONTIERS IN TUBERCULOSIS 2023; 1:1275882. [PMID: 37901138 PMCID: PMC10612523 DOI: 10.3389/ftubr.2023.1275882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Nearly two decades have passed since the first report on autophagy acting as a cell-autonomous defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This helped usher a new area of research within the field of host-pathogen interactions and led to the recognition of autophagy as an immunological mechanism. Interest grew in the fundamental mechanisms of antimicrobial autophagy and in the prophylactic and therapeutic potential for tuberculosis. However, puzzling in vivo data have begun to emerge in murine models of M. tuberculosis infection. The control of infection in mice affirmed the effects of certain autophagy genes, specifically ATG5, but not of other ATGs. Recent studies with a more complete inactivation of ATG genes now show that multiple ATG genes are indeed necessary for protection against M. tuberculosis. These particular ATG genes are involved in the process of membrane atg8ylation. Atg8ylation in mammalian cells is a broad response to membrane stress, damage and remodeling of which canonical autophagy is one of the multiple downstream outputs. The current developments clarify the controversies and open new avenues for both fundamental and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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17
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Shee S, Veetil RT, Mohanraj K, Das M, Malhotra N, Bandopadhyay D, Beig H, Birua S, Niphadkar S, Nagarajan SN, Sinha VK, Thakur C, Rajmani RS, Chandra N, Laxman S, Singh M, Samal A, Seshasayee AN, Singh A. Biosensor-integrated transposon mutagenesis reveals rv0158 as a coordinator of redox homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. eLife 2023; 12:e80218. [PMID: 37642294 PMCID: PMC10501769 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is evolutionarily equipped to resist exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) but shows vulnerability to an increase in endogenous ROS (eROS). Since eROS is an unavoidable consequence of aerobic metabolism, understanding how Mtb manages eROS levels is essential yet needs to be characterized. By combining the Mrx1-roGFP2 redox biosensor with transposon mutagenesis, we identified 368 genes (redoxosome) responsible for maintaining homeostatic levels of eROS in Mtb. Integrating redoxosome with a global network of transcriptional regulators revealed a hypothetical protein (Rv0158) as a critical node managing eROS in Mtb. Disruption of rv0158 (rv0158 KO) impaired growth, redox balance, respiration, and metabolism of Mtb on glucose but not on fatty acids. Importantly, rv0158 KO exhibited enhanced growth on propionate, and the Rv0158 protein directly binds to methylmalonyl-CoA, a key intermediate in propionate catabolism. Metabolite profiling, ChIP-Seq, and gene-expression analyses indicate that Rv0158 manages metabolic neutralization of propionate toxicity by regulating the methylcitrate cycle. Disruption of rv0158 enhanced the sensitivity of Mtb to oxidative stress, nitric oxide, and anti-TB drugs. Lastly, rv0158 KO showed poor survival in macrophages and persistence defect in mice. Our results suggest that Rv0158 is a metabolic integrator for carbon metabolism and redox balance in Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Shee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | | | - Karthikeyan Mohanraj
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, A CI of Homi Bhabha National InstituteChennaiIndia
| | - Mayashree Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | | | | | - Hussain Beig
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | - Shalini Birua
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | - Shreyas Niphadkar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative MedicineBangaloreIndia
| | - Sathya Narayanan Nagarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | - Vikrant Kumar Sinha
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
| | - Chandrani Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | - Nagasuma Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
| | - Sunil Laxman
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative MedicineBangaloreIndia
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
| | - Areejit Samal
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, A CI of Homi Bhabha National InstituteChennaiIndia
| | | | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreBangaloreIndia
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science BangaloreKarnatakaIndia
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18
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Biswas VK, Sen K, Ahad A, Ghosh A, Verma S, Pati R, Prusty S, Nayak SP, Podder S, Kumar D, Gupta B, Raghav SK. NCoR1 controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in myeloid cells by regulating the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002231. [PMID: 37590294 PMCID: PMC10465006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) defends host-mediated killing by repressing the autophagolysosome machinery. For the first time, we report NCoR1 co-repressor as a crucial host factor, controlling Mtb growth in myeloid cells by regulating both autophagosome maturation and lysosome biogenesis. We found that the dynamic expression of NCoR1 is compromised in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during active Mtb infection, which is rescued upon prolonged anti-mycobacterial therapy. In addition, a loss of function in myeloid-specific NCoR1 considerably exacerbates the growth of M. tuberculosis in vitro in THP1 differentiated macrophages, ex vivo in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and in vivo in NCoR1MyeKO mice. We showed that NCoR1 depletion controls the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signalling axis by fine-tuning cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) homeostasis, which in turn changes the expression of proteins involved in autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Moreover, we also showed that the treatment of NCoR1 depleted cells by Rapamycin, Antimycin-A, or Metformin rescued the TFEB activity and LC3 levels, resulting in enhanced Mtb clearance. Similarly, expressing NCoR1 exogenously rescued the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signalling axis and Mtb killing. Overall, our data revealed a central role of NCoR1 in Mtb pathogenesis in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viplov Kumar Biswas
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kaushik Sen
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Abdul Ahad
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Surbhi Verma
- Molecular Medicine: Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmirekha Pati
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhasish Prusty
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Sourya Prakash Nayak
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sreeparna Podder
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Molecular Medicine: Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Raghav
- Immuno-genomics & Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences (ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, India
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19
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Myszor IT, Gudmundsson GH. Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197908. [PMID: 37251385 PMCID: PMC10213533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epithelial barrier integrity provided by tight and adherens junctions, pathogen recognition receptors, receptors for chemokines and cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Therefore, multiple components interplay with each other for efficient protection from pathogens that still can subvert host innate immune defenses. Hence, the modulation of innate immune responses with different inducers to boost host endogenous front-line defenses in the lung epithelium to fend off pathogens and to enhance epithelial innate immune responses in the immunocompromised individuals is of interest for host-directed therapy. Herein, we reviewed possibilities of modulation innate immune responses in the airway epithelium for host-directed therapy presenting an alternative approach to standard antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T. Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Fulong Wang
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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21
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Aylan B, Bernard EM, Pellegrino E, Botella L, Fearns A, Athanasiadi N, Bussi C, Santucci P, Gutierrez MG. ATG7 and ATG14 restrict cytosolic and phagosomal Mycobacterium tuberculosis replication in human macrophages. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:803-818. [PMID: 36959508 PMCID: PMC10159855 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular innate-immune defence mechanism against intracellular microorganisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). How canonical and non-canonical autophagy function to control Mtb infection in phagosomes and the cytosol remains unresolved. Macrophages are the main host cell in humans for Mtb. Here we studied the contributions of canonical and non-canonical autophagy in the genetically tractable human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages (iPSDM), using a set of Mtb mutants generated in the same genetic background of the common lab strain H37Rv. We monitored replication of Mtb mutants that are either unable to trigger canonical autophagy (Mtb ΔesxBA) or reportedly unable to block non-canonical autophagy (Mtb ΔcpsA) in iPSDM lacking either ATG7 or ATG14 using single-cell high-content imaging. We report that deletion of ATG7 by CRISPR-Cas9 in iPSDM resulted in increased replication of wild-type Mtb but not of Mtb ΔesxBA or Mtb ΔcpsA. We show that deletion of ATG14 resulted in increased replication of both Mtb wild type and the mutant Mtb ΔesxBA. Using Mtb reporters and quantitative imaging, we identified a role for ATG14 in regulating fusion of phagosomes containing Mtb with lysosomes, thereby enabling intracellular bacteria restriction. We conclude that ATG7 and ATG14 are both required for restricting Mtb replication in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beren Aylan
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Elliott M Bernard
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Pellegrino
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Laure Botella
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Antony Fearns
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Natalia Athanasiadi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Claudio Bussi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Pierre Santucci
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LISM, Marseille, France
| | - Maximiliano G Gutierrez
- Host-Pathogen Interactions in Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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22
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Witt KD. Role of MHC class I pathways in Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen presentation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1107884. [PMID: 37009503 PMCID: PMC10050577 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
MHC class I antigen processing is an underappreciated area of nonviral host–pathogen interactions, bridging both immunology and cell biology, where the pathogen’s natural life cycle involves little presence in the cytoplasm. The effective response to MHC-I foreign antigen presentation is not only cell death but also phenotypic changes in other cells and stimulation of the memory cells ready for the next antigen reoccurrence. This review looks at the MHC-I antigen processing pathway and potential alternative sources of the antigens, focusing on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as an intracellular pathogen that co-evolved with humans and developed an array of decoy strategies to survive in a hostile environment by manipulating host immunity to its own advantage. As that happens via the selective antigen presentation process, reinforcement of the effective antigen recognition on MHC-I molecules may stimulate subsets of effector cells that act earlier and more locally. Vaccines against tuberculosis (TB) could potentially eliminate this disease, yet their development has been slow, and success is limited in the context of this global disease’s spread. This review’s conclusions set out potential directions for MHC-I-focused approaches for the next generation of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina D. Witt
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Karolina D. Witt,
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23
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Gollnick H, Barber J, Wilkinson RJ, Newton S, Garg A. IL-27 inhibits anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis innate immune activity of primary human macrophages. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102326. [PMID: 36863206 PMCID: PMC10052773 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is an intracellular pathogen that primarily infects macrophages. Despite a robust anti-mycobacterial response, many times macrophages are unable to control M. tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-27 inhibits the anti-mycobacterial activity of primary human macrophages. We found concerted production of IL-27 and anti-mycobacterial cytokines by M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages in a toll-like receptor (TLR) dependent manner. Notably, IL-27 suppressed the production of anti-mycobacterial cytokines TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-15 by M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. IL-27 limits the anti-mycobacterial activity of macrophages by reducing Cyp27B, cathelicidin (LL-37), LC3B lipidation, and increasing IL-10 production. Furthermore, neutralizing both IL-27 and IL-10 increased the expression of proteins involved in LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) pathway for bacterial clearance, namely vacuolar-ATPase, NOX2, and RUN-domain containing protein RUBCN. These results implicate IL-27 is a prominent cytokine that impedes M. tuberculosis clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Gollnick
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jamie Barber
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Newton
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Ankita Garg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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24
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Chandra P, Grigsby SJ, Philips JA. Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:750-766. [PMID: 35879556 PMCID: PMC9310001 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has infected humans for millennia. M. tuberculosis is well adapted to establish infection, persist in the face of the host immune response and be transmitted to uninfected individuals. Its ability to complete this infection cycle depends on it both evading and taking advantage of host immune responses. The outcome of M. tuberculosis infection is often a state of equilibrium characterized by immunological control and bacterial persistence. Recent data have highlighted the diverse cell populations that respond to M. tuberculosis infection and the dynamic changes in the cellular and intracellular niches of M. tuberculosis during the course of infection. M. tuberculosis possesses an arsenal of protein and lipid effectors that influence macrophage functions and inflammatory responses; however, our understanding of the role that specific bacterial virulence factors play in the context of diverse cellular reservoirs and distinct infection stages is limited. In this Review, we discuss immune evasion and provocation by M. tuberculosis during its infection cycle and describe how a more detailed molecular understanding is crucial to enable the development of novel host-directed therapies, disease biomarkers and effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J Grigsby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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25
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Amaral EP, Foreman TW, Namasivayam S, Hilligan KL, Kauffman KD, Barbosa Bomfim CC, Costa DL, Barreto-Duarte B, Gurgel-Rocha C, Santana MF, Cordeiro-Santos M, Du Bruyn E, Riou C, Aberman K, Wilkinson RJ, Barber DL, Mayer-Barber KD, Andrade BB, Sher A. GPX4 regulates cellular necrosis and host resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20220504. [PMID: 36069923 PMCID: PMC9458471 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular necrosis during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection promotes both immunopathology and bacterial dissemination. Glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) is an enzyme that plays a critical role in preventing iron-dependent lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death (ferroptosis), a process previously implicated in the necrotic pathology seen in Mtb-infected mice. Here, we document altered GPX4 expression, glutathione levels, and lipid peroxidation in patients with active tuberculosis and assess the role of this pathway in mice genetically deficient in or overexpressing Gpx4. We found that Gpx4-deficient mice infected with Mtb display substantially increased lung necrosis and bacterial burdens, while transgenic mice overexpressing the enzyme show decreased bacterial loads and necrosis. Moreover, Gpx4-deficient macrophages exhibited enhanced necrosis upon Mtb infection in vitro, an outcome suppressed by the lipid peroxidation inhibitor, ferrostatin-1. These findings provide support for the role of ferroptosis in Mtb-induced necrosis and implicate the Gpx4/GSH axis as a target for host-directed therapy of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P. Amaral
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Taylor W. Foreman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sivaranjani Namasivayam
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kerry L. Hilligan
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Caio Cesar Barbosa Bomfim
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diego L. Costa
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barreto-Duarte
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador, Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Gurgel-Rocha
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of the Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Sao Rafael Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Monique Freire Santana
- Departmento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Centro de Controle de Oncologia do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos
- Fundação Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Elsa Du Bruyn
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Aberman
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Robert John Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katrin D. Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bruno B. Andrade
- Laboratório de Inflamação e Biomarcadores, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research Initiative, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Salvador, Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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26
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Nisa A, Kipper FC, Panigrahy D, Tiwari S, Kupz A, Subbian S. Different modalities of host cell death and their impact on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1444-C1474. [PMID: 36189975 PMCID: PMC9662802 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB is the formation of granulomas comprised of elaborately organized aggregates of immune cells containing the pathogen. Dissemination of Mtb from infected cells in the granulomas due to host and mycobacterial factors induces multiple cell death modalities in infected cells. Based on molecular mechanism, morphological characteristics, and signal dependency, there are two main categories of cell death: programmed and nonprogrammed. Programmed cell death (PCD), such as apoptosis and autophagy, is associated with a protective response to Mtb by keeping the bacteria encased within dead macrophages that can be readily phagocytosed by arriving in uninfected or neighboring cells. In contrast, non-PCD necrotic cell death favors the pathogen, resulting in bacterial release into the extracellular environment. Multiple types of cell death in the PCD category, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, ETosis, parthanatos, and PANoptosis, may be involved in Mtb infection. Since PCD pathways are essential for host immunity to Mtb, therapeutic compounds targeting cell death signaling pathways have been experimentally tested for TB treatment. This review summarizes different modalities of Mtb-mediated host cell deaths, the molecular mechanisms underpinning host cell death during Mtb infection, and its potential implications for host immunity. In addition, targeting host cell death pathways as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches against Mtb infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Franciele C Kipper
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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27
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Wang Y, Ramos M, Jefferson M, Zhang W, Beraza N, Carding S, Powell PP, Stewart JP, Mayer U, Wileman T. Control of infection by LC3-associated phagocytosis, CASM, and detection of raised vacuolar pH by the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3298. [PMID: 36288298 PMCID: PMC9604538 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The delivery of pathogens to lysosomes for degradation provides an important defense against infection. Degradation is enhanced when LC3 is conjugated to endosomes and phagosomes containing pathogens to facilitate fusion with lysosomes. In phagocytic cells, TLR signaling and Rubicon activate LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) where stabilization of the NADPH oxidase leads to sustained ROS production and raised vacuolar pH. Raised pH triggers the assembly of the vacuolar ATPase on the vacuole membrane where it binds ATG16L1 to recruit the core LC3 conjugation complex (ATG16L1:ATG5-12). This V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis is also activated in nonphagocytic cells to conjugate LC3 to endosomes containing extracellular microbes. Pathogens provide additional signals for recruitment of LC3 when they raise vacuolar pH with pore-forming toxins and proteins, phospholipases, or specialized secretion systems. Many microbes secrete virulence factors to inhibit ROS production and/or the V-ATPase-ATG16L1 axis to slow LC3 recruitment and avoid degradation in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Maria Ramos
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Weijiao Zhang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Penny P. Powell
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ulrike Mayer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Thomas Wileman
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
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28
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Durgan J, Florey O. Many roads lead to CASM: Diverse stimuli of noncanonical autophagy share a unifying molecular mechanism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo1274. [PMID: 36288315 PMCID: PMC9604613 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental catabolic process coordinated by a network of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. These ATG proteins also perform an important parallel role in "noncanonical" autophagy, a lysosome-associated signaling pathway with key functions in immunity, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. While the noncanonical autophagy pathway shares the common ATG machinery, it bears key mechanistic and functional distinctions, and is characterized by conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM). Here, we review the diverse, and still expanding, collection of stimuli and processes now known to harness the noncanonical autophagy pathway, including engulfment processes, drug treatments, TRPML1 and STING signaling, viral infection, and other pathogenic factors. We discuss the multiple associated routes to CASM and assess their shared and distinctive molecular features. By integrating these findings, we propose an updated and unifying mechanism for noncanonical autophagy, centered on ATG16L1 and V-ATPase.
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29
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Pant A, Yao X, Lavedrine A, Viret C, Dockterman J, Chauhan S, Chong-Shan Shi, Manjithaya R, Cadwell K, Kufer TA, Kehrl JH, Coers J, Sibley LD, Faure M, Taylor GA, Chauhan S. Interactions of Autophagy and the Immune System in Health and Diseases. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2022; 1:438-515. [PMID: 37425656 PMCID: PMC10327624 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that utilizes lysosomes to selectively degrade a variety of intracellular cargo, thus providing quality control over cellular components and maintaining cellular regulatory functions. Autophagy is triggered by multiple stimuli ranging from nutrient starvation to microbial infection. Autophagy extensively shapes and modulates the inflammatory response, the concerted action of immune cells, and secreted mediators aimed to eradicate a microbial infection or to heal sterile tissue damage. Here, we first review how autophagy affects innate immune signaling, cell-autonomous immune defense, and adaptive immunity. Then, we discuss the role of non-canonical autophagy in microbial infections and inflammation. Finally, we review how crosstalk between autophagy and inflammation influences infectious, metabolic, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pant
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aude Lavedrine
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Christophe Viret
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Jake Dockterman
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Swati Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Chong-Shan Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ravi Manjithaya
- Autophagy Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John H. Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jörn Coers
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM
| | - Gregory A Taylor
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University Sch. Med., St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santosh Chauhan
- Cell biology and Infectious diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- CSIR–Centre For Cellular And Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad, Telangana
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30
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Changotra H, Kaur S, Yadav SS, Gupta GL, Parkash J, Duseja A. ATG5: A central autophagy regulator implicated in various human diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:650-667. [PMID: 36062813 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, an intracellular conserved degradative process, plays a central role in the renewal/recycling of a cell to maintain the homeostasis of nutrients and energy within the cell. ATG5, a key component of autophagy, regulates the formation of the autophagosome, a hallmark of autophagy. ATG5 binds with ATG12 and ATG16L1 resulting in E3 like ligase complex, which is necessary for autophagosome expansion. Available data suggest that ATG5 is indispensable for autophagy and has an imperative role in several essential biological processes. Moreover, ATG5 has also been demonstrated to possess autophagy-independent functions that magnify its significance and therapeutic potential. ATG5 interacts with various molecules for the execution of different processes implicated during physiological and pathological conditions. Furthermore, ATG5 genetic variants are associated with various ailments. This review discusses various autophagy-dependent and autophagy-independent roles of ATG5, highlights its various deleterious genetic variants reported until now, and various studies supporting it as a potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Changotra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sargeet Kaur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Singh Yadav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Parkash
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ajay Duseja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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31
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Carinci M, Palumbo L, Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Morciano G, Patergnani S, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Rimessi A. The Multifaceted Roles of Autophagy in Infectious, Obstructive, and Malignant Airway Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081944. [PMID: 36009490 PMCID: PMC9405571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved dynamic process by which cells deliver their contents to lysosomes for degradation, thus ensuring cell homeostasis. In response to environmental stress, the induction of autophagy is crucial for cell survival. The dysregulation of this degradative process has been implicated in a wide range of pathologies, including lung diseases, representing a relevant potential target with significant clinical outcomes. During lung disease progression and infections, autophagy may exert both protective and harmful effects on cells. In this review, we will explore the implications of autophagy and its selective forms in several lung infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections, and different lung diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Malignant Mesothelioma (MM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carinci
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Yuan J, Zhang Q, Chen S, Yan M, Yue L. LC3-Associated Phagocytosis in Bacterial Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080863. [PMID: 36014984 PMCID: PMC9415076 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a noncanonical autophagy process reported in recent years and is one of the effective mechanisms of host defense against bacterial infection. During LAP, bacteria are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), enter the body, and then recruit LC3 onto a single-membrane phagosome to form a LAPosome. LC3 conjugation can promote the fusion of the LAPosomes with lysosomes, resulting in their maturation into phagolysosomes, which can effectively kill the identified pathogens. However, to survive in host cells, bacteria have also evolved strategies to evade killing by LAP. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of LAP in resistance to bacterial infection and the ways in which bacteria escape LAP. We aim to provide new clues for developing novel therapeutic strategies for bacterial infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yuan
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Shihua Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lei Yue
- The Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (L.Y.)
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Bar-Oz M, Meir M, Barkan D. Virulence-Associated Secretion in Mycobacterium abscessus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938895. [PMID: 35880173 PMCID: PMC9308005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a heterogeneous group of originally environmental organi3sms, increasingly recognized as pathogens with rising prevalence worldwide. Knowledge of NTM’s mechanisms of virulence is lacking, as molecular research of these bacteria is challenging, sometimes more than that of M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and far less resources are allocated to their investigation. While some of the virulence mechanisms are common to several mycobacteria including Mtb, others NTM species-specific. Among NTMs, Mycobacterium abscessus (Mabs) causes some of the most severe and difficult to treat infections, especially chronic pulmonary infections. Mabs survives and proliferates intracellularly by circumventing host defenses, using multiple mechanisms, many of which remain poorly characterized. Some of these immune-evasion mechanisms are also found in Mtb, including phagosome pore formation, inhibition of phagosome maturation, cytokine response interference and apoptosis delay. While much is known of the role of Mtb-secreted effector molecules in mediating the manipulation of the host response, far less is known of the secreted effector molecules in Mabs. In this review, we briefly summarize the knowledge of secreted effectors in Mtb (such as ESX secretion, SecA2, TAT and others), and draw the parallel pathways in Mabs. We also describe pathways that are unique to Mabs, differentiating it from Mtb. This review will assist researchers interested in virulence-associated secretion in Mabs by providing the knowledge base and framework for their studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bar-Oz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michal Meir
- The Ruth Rappaport Children’s Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Barkan
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Daniel Barkan,
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE51 Inhibits Autophagy by Suppressing Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Signaling. mBio 2022; 13:e0297421. [PMID: 35467412 PMCID: PMC9239179 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02974-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an ubiquitous homeostatic pathway in mammalian cells and plays a significant role in host immunity. Substantial evidence indicates that the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to successfully evade immune responses is partially due to inhibition of autophagic pathways. Our previous screening of Mtb transposon mutants identified the PPE51 protein as an important autophagy-inhibiting effector. We found that expression of PPE51, either by infecting bacteria or by direct expression in host cells, suppressed responses to potent autophagy-inducing stimuli and interfered with bacterial phagocytosis. This phenotype was associated with reduced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), a key component of signaling pathways that stimulate autophagy. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated that the effects of PPE51 are attributable to signal blocking by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a receptor with known involvement of activation of ERK1/2 and autophagy. Consistent with these results, mice with intact TLR2 signaling showed striking virulence attenuation for an Mtb ppe51 deletion mutant (Δ51) compared to wild-type Mtb, whereas infection of TLR2-deficient mice showed no such attenuation. Mice infected with Δ51 also displayed increased T cell responses to Mtb antigens and increased autophagy in infected lung tissues. Together, these results suggest that TLR2 activates relevant host immune functions during mycobacterial infection, which Mtb then evades through suppression of TLR2 signaling by PPE51. In addition to its previously identified function transporting substrates across the bacterial cell wall, our results demonstrate a direct role of PPE51 for evasion of both innate and adaptive immunity to Mtb.
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Rani A, Alam A, Ahmad F, P. M, Saurabh A, Zarin S, Mitra DK, Hasnain SE, Ehtesham NZ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Methyltransferase Rv1515c Can Suppress Host Defense Mechanisms by Modulating Immune Functions Utilizing a Multipronged Mechanism. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:906387. [PMID: 35813825 PMCID: PMC9263924 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.906387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) gene Rv1515c encodes a conserved hypothetical protein exclusively present within organisms of MTB complex and absent in non-pathogenic mycobacteria. In silico analysis revealed that Rv1515c contain S-adenosylmethionine binding site and methyltransferase domain. The DNA binding and DNA methyltransferase activity of Rv1515c was confirmed in vitro. Knock-in of Rv1515c in a model mycobacteria M. smegmatis (M. s_Rv1515c) resulted in remarkable physiological and morphological changes and conferred the recombinant strain with an ability to adapt to various stress conditions, including resistance to TB drugs. M. s_Rv1515c was phagocytosed at a greater rate and displayed extended intra-macrophage survival in vitro. Recombinant M. s_Rv1515c contributed to enhanced virulence by suppressing the host defense mechanisms including RNS and ROS production, and apoptotic clearance. M. s_Rv1515c, while suppressing the phagolysosomal maturation, modulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production and also inhibited antigen presentation by downregulating the expression of MHC-I/MHC-II and co-stimulatory signals CD80 and CD86. Mice infected with M. s_Rv1515c produced more Treg cells than vector control (M. s_Vc) and exhibited reduced effector T cell responses, along-with reduced expression of macrophage activation markers in the chronic phase of infection. M. s_Rv1515c was able to survive in the major organs of mice up to 7 weeks post-infection. These results indicate a crucial role of Rv1515c in M. tb pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Rani
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Anwar Alam
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjunath P.
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Saurabh
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sheeba Zarin
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mitra
- Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed E. Hasnain
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- *Correspondence: Seyed E. Hasnain, , , , Nasreen Z. Ehtesham, ,
| | - Nasreen Z. Ehtesham
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Seyed E. Hasnain, , , , Nasreen Z. Ehtesham, ,
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Gairola A, Benjamin A, Weatherston JD, Cirillo JD, Wu HJ. Recent Developments in Drug Delivery for Treatment of Tuberculosis by Targeting Macrophages. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2100193. [PMID: 36203881 PMCID: PMC9531895 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is among the greatest public health and safety concerns in the 21st century, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes TB, infects alveolar macrophages and uses these cells as one of its primary sites of replication. The current TB treatment regimen, which consist of chemotherapy involving a combination of 3-4 antimicrobials for a duration of 6-12 months, is marked with significant side effects, toxicity, and poor compliance. Targeted drug delivery offers a strategy that could overcome many of the problems of current TB treatment by specifically targeting infected macrophages. Recent advances in nanotechnology and material science have opened an avenue to explore drug carriers that actively and passively target macrophages. This approach can increase the drug penetration into macrophages by using ligands on the nanocarrier that interact with specific receptors for macrophages. This review encompasses the recent development of drug carriers specifically targeting macrophages actively and passively. Future directions and challenges associated with development of effective TB treatment is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Gairola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aaron Benjamin
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua D Weatherston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Cirillo
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Hung-Jen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Khan A, Zhang K, Singh VK, Mishra A, Kachroo P, Bing T, Won JH, Mani A, Papanna R, Mann LK, Ledezma-Campos E, Aguillon-Duran G, Canaday DH, David SA, Restrepo BI, Viet NN, Phan H, Graviss EA, Musser JM, Kaushal D, Gauduin MC, Jagannath C. Human M1 macrophages express unique innate immune response genes after mycobacterial infection to defend against tuberculosis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:480. [PMID: 35590096 PMCID: PMC9119986 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is responsible for approximately 1.5 million deaths each year. Though 10% of patients develop tuberculosis (TB) after infection, 90% of these infections are latent. Further, mice are nearly uniformly susceptible to Mtb but their M1-polarized macrophages (M1-MΦs) can inhibit Mtb in vitro, suggesting that M1-MΦs may be able to regulate anti-TB immunity. We sought to determine whether human MΦ heterogeneity contributes to TB immunity. Here we show that IFN-γ-programmed M1-MΦs degrade Mtb through increased expression of innate immunity regulatory genes (Inregs). In contrast, IL-4-programmed M2-polarized MΦs (M2-MΦs) are permissive for Mtb proliferation and exhibit reduced Inregs expression. M1-MΦs and M2-MΦs express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine-chemokines, respectively, and M1-MΦs show nitric oxide and autophagy-dependent degradation of Mtb, leading to increased antigen presentation to T cells through an ATG-RAB7-cathepsin pathway. Despite Mtb infection, M1-MΦs show increased histone acetylation at the ATG5 promoter and pro-autophagy phenotypes, while increased histone deacetylases lead to decreased autophagy in M2-MΦs. Finally, Mtb-infected neonatal macaques express human Inregs in their lymph nodes and macrophages, suggesting that M1 and M2 phenotypes can mediate immunity to TB in both humans and macaques. We conclude that human MФ subsets show unique patterns of gene expression that enable differential control of TB after infection. These genes could serve as targets for diagnosis and immunotherapy of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kangling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Vipul K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyanka Kachroo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Bing
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jong Hak Won
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arunmani Mani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramesha Papanna
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lovepreet K Mann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Disease, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland VA, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sunil A David
- Virovax, LLC, Adjuvant Division, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Blanca I Restrepo
- UT School of Public Health, Brownsville, and STDOI, UT Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Ha Phan
- Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James M Musser
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marie Claire Gauduin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Autophagy induced by taurolidine protects against polymicrobial sepsis by promoting both host resistance and disease tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121244119. [PMID: 35512102 PMCID: PMC9171638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121244119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease resistance and tolerance are evolutionarily conserved yet distinct defense strategies that protect the host against microbial infection. Here, we report that taurolidine administered before the start of infection confers protection against polymicrobial sepsis by promoting resistance and tolerance. Notably, taurolidine given after the onset of infection also rescues mice from sepsis-associated lethality by enhancing disease tolerance to organ damage. This protection relies on an intact autophagy pathway, as taurolidine fails to protect autophagy-deficient mice against microbial sepsis. Specifically, taurolidine induces light chain 3-associated phagocytosis, but not xenophagy, in macrophages, resulting in an augmented bactericidal activity with enhanced cellular resistance to infection. These results highlight the importance of autophagy induction for taurolidine-augmented host resistance and disease tolerance and subsequent protection. Sepsis, septic shock, and their sequelae are the leading causes of death in intensive care units, with limited therapeutic options. Disease resistance and tolerance are two evolutionarily conserved yet distinct defense strategies that protect the host against microbial infection. Here, we report that taurolidine administered at 6 h before septic challenge led to strong protection against polymicrobial sepsis by promoting both host resistance and disease tolerance characterized by accelerated bacterial clearance, ameliorated organ damage, and diminished vascular and gut permeability. Notably, taurolidine administered at 6 h after septic challenge also rescued mice from sepsis-associated lethality by enhancing disease tolerance to tissue and organ injury. Importantly, this in vivo protection afforded by taurolidine depends on an intact autophagy pathway, as taurolidine protected wild-type mice but was unable to rescue autophagy-deficient mice from microbial sepsis. In vitro, taurolidine induced light chain 3-associated phagocytosis in innate phagocytes and autophagy in vascular endothelium and gut epithelium, resulting in augmented bactericidal activity and enhanced cellular tolerance to endotoxin-induced damage in these cells. These results illustrate that taurolidine-induced autophagy augments both host resistance and disease tolerance to bacterial infection, thereby conferring protection against microbial sepsis.
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Cerezo-Cortés MI, Rodríguez-Castillo JG, Mata-Espinosa DA, Bini EI, Barrios-Payan J, Zatarain-Barrón ZL, Anzola JM, Cornejo-Granados F, Ochoa-Leyva A, Del Portillo P, Murcia MI, Hernández-Pando R. Close Related Drug-Resistance Beijing Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Reveal a Different Transcriptomic Signature in a Murine Disease Progression Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095157. [PMID: 35563545 PMCID: PMC9100210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) lineage 2/Beijing is associated with high virulence and drug resistance worldwide. In Colombia, the Beijing genotype has circulated since 1997, predominantly on the pacific coast, with the Beijing-Like SIT-190 being more prevalent. This genotype conforms to a drug-resistant cluster and shows a fatal outcome in patients. To better understand virulence determinants, we performed a transcriptomic analysis with a Beijing-Like SIT-190 isolate (BL-323), and Beijing-Classic SIT-1 isolate (BC-391) in progressive tuberculosis (TB) murine model. Bacterial RNA was extracted from mice lungs on days 3, 14, 28, and 60. On average, 0.6% of the total reads mapped against MTB genomes and of those, 90% against coding genes. The strains were independently associated as determined by hierarchical cluster and multidimensional scaling analysis. Gene ontology showed that in strain BL-323 enriched functions were related to host immune response and hypoxia, while proteolysis and protein folding were enriched in the BC-391 strain. Altogether, our results suggested a differential bacterial transcriptional program when evaluating these two closely related strains. The data presented here could potentially impact the control of this emerging, highly virulent, and drug-resistant genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Irene Cerezo-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (M.I.C.-C.); (J.G.R.-C.)
| | - Juan Germán Rodríguez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (M.I.C.-C.); (J.G.R.-C.)
| | - Dulce Adriana Mata-Espinosa
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (D.A.M.-E.); (E.I.B.); (J.B.-P.); (Z.L.Z.-B.)
| | - Estela Isabel Bini
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (D.A.M.-E.); (E.I.B.); (J.B.-P.); (Z.L.Z.-B.)
| | - Jorge Barrios-Payan
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (D.A.M.-E.); (E.I.B.); (J.B.-P.); (Z.L.Z.-B.)
| | - Zyanya Lucia Zatarain-Barrón
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (D.A.M.-E.); (E.I.B.); (J.B.-P.); (Z.L.Z.-B.)
| | - Juan Manuel Anzola
- Grupo de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional, Corporación CorpoGen, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.M.A.); (P.D.P.)
- Universidad Central, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas Bogotá, Bogotá 100270, Colombia
| | - Fernanda Cornejo-Granados
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (F.C.-G.); (A.O.-L.)
| | - Adrian Ochoa-Leyva
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico; (F.C.-G.); (A.O.-L.)
| | - Patricia Del Portillo
- Grupo de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Bioinformática y Biología Computacional, Corporación CorpoGen, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.M.A.); (P.D.P.)
| | - Martha Isabel Murcia
- Laboratorio de Micobacterias, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (M.I.C.-C.); (J.G.R.-C.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.M.); (R.H.-P.)
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico; (D.A.M.-E.); (E.I.B.); (J.B.-P.); (Z.L.Z.-B.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.M.); (R.H.-P.)
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Dou Y, Xie Y, Zhang L, Liu S, Xu D, Wei Y, Li Y, Zhang XL. Host MKRN1-Mediated Mycobacterial PPE Protein Ubiquitination Suppresses Innate Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880315. [PMID: 35603194 PMCID: PMC9114769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), as an important intracellular pathogen, can invade and survive in macrophages and is capable of escaping the clearance of immune system. Despite decades of research efforts, the precise mechanism of immune escape and the virulence factors encoded by Mtb involved remain to be explored. Mtb-specific genomic regions of deletion (RD)-encoded proteins and PE/PPE family proteins have been implicated in immune evasion. Here, we screened more than forty RD-encoded proteins which might be involved in facilitating bacterial survival in macrophages, and found that a Mtb PPE68/Rv3873 protein, encoded by Mtb-RD1, is essential for efficient Mtb intracellular survival in macrophages. In terms of mechanism, we found that the ubiquitin ligase (E3) Makorin Ring Finger Protein 1 (MKRN1) of macrophage interacted with PPE68 and promoted the attachment of lysine (K)-63-linked ubiquitin chains to the K166 site of PPE68. K63-ubiquitination of PPE68 further bound src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1) to suppress K63-linked polyubiquitin chains of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and then remarkably suppressed TRAF6-driven NF-κB and AP-1 signaling and TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production. We demonstrate that the K63-linked ubiquitination of PPE68 by MKRN1 contributed to the PPE68-mediated mycobacterial immune escape. Our finding identifies a previously unrecognized mechanism by which host MKRN1-mediated-ubiquitination of mycobacterial PPE protein suppresses innate immune responses. Disturbing the interaction between host MKRN1 ubiquitin system and mycobacterial PPE protein might be a potential therapeutic target for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Dou
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Xie
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yuying Wei
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Yongshuai Li
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, China
- Department of Allergy of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Shantal CJN, Juan CC, Lizbeth BUS, Carlos HGJ, Estela GPB. Candida glabrata is a successful pathogen: an artist manipulating the immune response. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Herb M, Gluschko A, Farid A, Krönke M. When the Phagosome Gets Leaky: Pore-Forming Toxin-Induced Non-Canonical Autophagy (PINCA). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:834321. [PMID: 35372127 PMCID: PMC8968195 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.834321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages remove bacteria from the extracellular milieu via phagocytosis. While most of the engulfed bacteria are degraded in the antimicrobial environment of the phagolysosome, several bacterial pathogens have evolved virulence factors, which evade degradation or allow escape into the cytosol. To counter this situation, macrophages activate LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), a highly bactericidal non-canonical autophagy pathway, which destroys the bacterial pathogens in so called LAPosomes. Moreover, macrophages can also target intracellular bacteria by pore-forming toxin-induced non-canonical autophagy (PINCA), a recently described non-canonical autophagy pathway, which is activated by phagosomal damage induced by bacteria-derived pore-forming toxins. Similar to LAP, PINCA involves LC3 recruitment to the bacteria-containing phagosome independently of the ULK complex, but in contrast to LAP, this process does not require ROS production by Nox2. As last resort of autophagic targeting, macrophages activate xenophagy, a selective form of macroautophagy, to recapture bacteria, which evaded successful targeting by LAP or PINCA through rupture of the phagosome. However, xenophagy can also be hijacked by bacterial pathogens for their benefit or can be completely inhibited resulting in intracellular growth of the bacterial pathogen. In this perspective, we discuss the molecular differences and similarities between LAP, PINCA and xenophagy in macrophages during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Gluschko
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alina Farid
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Krönke
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Bonn-Cologne, Germany
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43
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Chandra P, Coullon H, Agarwal M, Goss CW, Philips JA. Macrophage global metabolomics identifies cholestenone as host/pathogen cometabolite present in human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152509. [PMID: 35104812 PMCID: PMC8803325 DOI: 10.1172/jci152509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) causes an enormous burden of disease worldwide. As a central aspect of its pathogenesis, M. tuberculosis grows in macrophages, and host and microbe influence each other's metabolism. To define the metabolic impact of M. tuberculosis infection, we performed global metabolic profiling of M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. M. tuberculosis induced metabolic hallmarks of inflammatory macrophages and a prominent signature of cholesterol metabolism. We found that infected macrophages accumulate cholestenone, a mycobacterial-derived, oxidized derivative of cholesterol. We demonstrated that the accumulation of cholestenone in infected macrophages depended on the M. tuberculosis enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-Hsd) and correlated with pathogen burden. Because cholestenone is not a substantial human metabolite, we hypothesized it might be diagnostic of M. tuberculosis infection in clinical samples. Indeed, in 2 geographically distinct cohorts, sputum cholestenone levels distinguished subjects with tuberculosis (TB) from TB-negative controls who presented with TB-like symptoms. We also found country-specific detection of cholestenone in plasma samples from M. tuberculosis-infected subjects. While cholestenone was previously thought to be an intermediate required for cholesterol degradation by M. tuberculosis, we found that M. tuberculosis can utilize cholesterol for growth without making cholestenone. Thus, the accumulation of cholestenone in clinical samples suggests it has an alternative role in pathogenesis and could be a clinically useful biomarker of TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, and
| | - Héloise Coullon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, and
| | - Mansi Agarwal
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles W Goss
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, and
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Grijmans BJM, van der Kooij SB, Varela M, Meijer AH. LAPped in Proof: LC3-Associated Phagocytosis and the Arms Race Against Bacterial Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:809121. [PMID: 35047422 PMCID: PMC8762105 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.809121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system continuously patrol the extracellular environment for potential microbial threats that are to be neutralized by phagocytosis and delivery to lysosomes. In addition, phagocytes employ autophagy as an innate immune mechanism against pathogens that succeed to escape the phagolysosomal pathway and invade the cytosol. In recent years, LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) has emerged as an intermediate between phagocytosis and autophagy. During LAP, phagocytes target extracellular microbes while using parts of the autophagic machinery to label the cargo-containing phagosomes for lysosomal degradation. LAP contributes greatly to host immunity against a multitude of bacterial pathogens. In the pursuit of survival, bacteria have developed elaborate strategies to disarm or circumvent the LAP process. In this review, we will outline the nature of the LAP mechanism and discuss recent insights into its interplay with bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monica Varela
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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45
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Liu H, Gui X, Chen S, Fu W, Li X, Xiao T, Hou J, Jiang T. Structural Variability of Lipoarabinomannan Modulates Innate Immune Responses within Infected Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030361. [PMID: 35159170 PMCID: PMC8834380 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) is an intracellular pathogen persisting in phagosomes that has the ability to escape host immune surveillance causing tuberculosis (TB). Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), as a glycolipid, is one of the complex outermost components of the mycobacterial cell envelope and plays a critical role in modulating host responses during M. tb infection. Different species within the Mycobacterium genus exhibit distinct LAM structures and elicit diverse innate immune responses. However, little is known about the mechanisms. In this study, we first constructed a LAM-truncated mutant with fewer arabinofuranose (Araf) residues named M. sm-ΔM_6387 (Mycobacterium smegmatis arabinosyltransferase EmbC gene knockout strain). It exhibited some prominent cell wall defects, including tardiness of mycobacterial migration, loss of acid-fast staining, and increased cell wall permeability. Within alveolar epithelial cells (A549) infected by M. sm-ΔM_6387, the uptake rate was lower, phagosomes with bacterial degradation appeared, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) recruitment was enhanced compared to wild type Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis). We further confirmed that the variability in the removal capability of M. sm-ΔM_6387 resulted from host cell responses rather than the changes in the mycobacterial cell envelope. Moreover, we found that M. sm-ΔM_6387 or its glycolipid extracts significantly induced expression changes in some genes related to innate immune responses, including Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), class A scavenger receptor (SR-A), Rubicon, LC3, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Bcl-2, and Bax. Therefore, our studies suggest that nonpathogenic M. smegmatis can deposit LC3 on phagosomal membranes, and the decrease in the quantity of Araf residues for LAM molecules not only impacts mycobacterial cell wall integrity but also enhances host defense responses against the intracellular pathogens and decreases phagocytosis of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanrui Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Xuwen Gui
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Shixing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Microsystem, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;
| | - Weizhe Fu
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Tingyuan Xiao
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, The College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (H.L.); (X.G.); (W.F.); (X.L.); (T.X.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-8611-0350
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Siregar TAP, Prombutara P, Kanjanasirirat P, Kunkaew N, Tubsuwan A, Boonmee A, Palaga T, Khumpanied T, Borwornpinyo S, Chaiprasert A, Utaisincharoen P, Ponpuak M. The autophagy-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strain upregulates KatG to evade starvation-induced autophagic restriction. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6509485. [PMID: 35038342 PMCID: PMC8829027 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizes several mechanisms to block phagosome–lysosome fusion to evade host cell restriction. However, induction of host cell autophagy by starvation was shown to overcome this block, resulting in enhanced lysosomal delivery to mycobacterial phagosomes and the killing of the M. tuberculosis reference strain H37Rv. Nevertheless, our previous studies found that strains belonging to the M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype can resist starvation-induced autophagic elimination, though the mycobacterial factors involved remain unclear. In this study, we showed that KatG expression is upregulated in the autophagy-resistant M. tuberculosis Beijing strain (BJN) during autophagy induction by the starvation of host macrophages, while such increase was not observed in the H37Rv. KatG depletion using the CRISPR-dCas9 interference system in the BJN resulted in increased lysosomal delivery to its phagosome and decreased its survival upon autophagy induction by starvation. As KatG functions by catabolizing ROS, we determined the source of ROS contributing to the starvation-induced autophagic elimination of mycobacteria. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown, we found that Superoxide dismutase 2, which generates mitochondrial ROS but not NADPH oxidase 2, is important for the starvation-induced lysosomal delivery to mycobacterial phagosomes. Taken together, these findings showed that KatG is vital for the BJN to evade starvation-induced autophagic restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegar Adriansyah Putra Siregar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Pinidphon Prombutara
- Omics Sciences and Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Nawapol Kunkaew
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alisa Tubsuwan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Atsadang Boonmee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanawadee Khumpanied
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suparerk Borwornpinyo
- Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Angkana Chaiprasert
- Office of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Marisa Ponpuak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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47
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Li HM, Huang Q, Tang F, Zhang TP. Altered NCF2, NOX2 mRNA Expression Levels in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:9203-9209. [PMID: 34880659 PMCID: PMC8646110 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s339194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase has a pivotal role in the nonspecific innate immune response to invading microorganisms including M. tuberculosis (MTB). NCF2 and NOX2 were considered as important functional subunits of NADPH oxidase complex; hence, this study aimed to evaluate the NCF2, NOX2 mRNA expressions in PBMC of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients. Methods A total of 79 PTB patients and 73 controls were included in our study. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the NCF2, NOX2 mRNA levels, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of NCF2, NOX2 in PTB patients. Results When compared to controls, the NCF2, NOX2 mRNA levels were significantly increased in PBMC from PTB patients (P < 0.001). However, the NCF2, NOX2 mRNA levels were not associated with major clinical and laboratory data of PTB patients. Area under curve (AUC) of ROC curve analysis for NCF2 and NOX2 were 0.686 (95% CI: 0.601, 0.770) and 0.705 (95% CI: 0.623, 0.787), respectively. Conclusion Altered NCF2, NOX2 mRNA levels in PTB patients implied that these genes might play roles in PTB, and their expression levels might be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Miao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Anhui Chest Hospital (Anhui Provincial TB Institute), Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Tang
- Anhui Chest Hospital (Anhui Provincial TB Institute), Hefei, 230022, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ping Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
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48
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Macrophages in Microbial Pathogenesis: Commonalities of Defense Evasion Mechanisms. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0029121. [PMID: 34780281 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00291-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key arsenals of the immune system against invaders. After compartmental isolation of a pathogen in phagosomes, the host immune response attempts to neutralize the pathogen. However, pathogens possess the ability to subvert these assaults and can also convert macrophages into their replicative niche. The multiple host defense evasion mechanisms employed by these pathogens like phagosome maturation arrest, molecular mimicry through secretory antigens, interference with host signaling, active radical neutralization, inhibition of phagosome acidification, alteration of programmed cell death and many other mechanisms. Macrophage biology as a part of the host-pathogen interaction has expanded rapidly in the past decade. The present review aims to shed some light upon the macrophage defense evasion strategies employed by infecting pathogens. We have also incorporated recent knowledge in the field of macrophage dynamics during infection and evolutionary perspectives of macrophage dynamics.
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49
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Chen W, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Wei B, Shi J, Shao B, Wang D. Selenium donor restricts the intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis through the induction of c-Jun-mediated both canonical autophagy and LC3-associated phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105269. [PMID: 34742891 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between selenium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection has been reported previously; however, the specific mechanism is still not clear. In this study, selenium levels decreased in the serum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) compared with the healthy controls; they were associated with the treatment outcome of such patients. The qRT-PCR assay revealed that selenium might function through proinflammatory and autophagy pathways. The treatment with methylseleninic acid (MSeA), a selenium donor, blocked the M1 polarization of MTB-infected macrophages through the induction of both canonical autophagy and LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP). c-Jun is vital in mediating the MSeA-triggered canonical autophagy and LAP process, thus displaying a restricting function against intracellular MTB. An in vivo study confirmed that the activity of MSeA was shown through enhancing macrophage autophagy related pathway. The results showed that selenium had a restricting function against intracellular MTB by regulating autophagy in macrophages. The findings might provide a novel direction for PTB therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Chen
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Capital Medical University Beijing Tiantan Hospital, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing,100070, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Australia
| | - Bo Wei
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Capital Medical University Beijing Tiantan Hospital, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing,100070, China
| | - Jingdong Shi
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Capital Medical University Beijing Tiantan Hospital, No.119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing,100070, China.
| | - Baowei Shao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 105, Jiefang Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250013, China.
| | - Di Wang
- The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China; Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Australia.
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50
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Goodwin JM, Walkup WG, Hooper K, Li T, Kishi-Itakura C, Ng A, Lehmberg T, Jha A, Kommineni S, Fletcher K, Garcia-Fortanet J, Fan Y, Tang Q, Wei M, Agrawal A, Budhe SR, Rouduri SR, Baird D, Saunders J, Kiselar J, Chance MR, Ballabio A, Appleton BA, Brumell JH, Florey O, Murphy LO. GABARAP sequesters the FLCN-FNIP tumor suppressor complex to couple autophagy with lysosomal biogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2485. [PMID: 34597140 PMCID: PMC10938568 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive changes in lysosomal capacity are driven by the transcription factors TFEB and TFE3 in response to increased autophagic flux and endolysosomal stress, yet the molecular details of their activation are unclear. LC3 and GABARAP members of the ATG8 protein family are required for selective autophagy and sensing perturbation within the endolysosomal system. Here, we show that during the conjugation of ATG8 to single membranes (CASM), Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and Salmonella-induced xenophagy, the membrane conjugation of GABARAP, but not LC3, is required for activation of TFEB/TFE3 to control lysosomal capacity. GABARAP directly binds to a previously unidentified LC3-interacting motif (LIR) in the FLCN/FNIP tumor suppressor complex and mediates sequestration to GABARAP-conjugated membrane compartments. This disrupts FLCN/FNIP GAP function toward RagC/D, resulting in impaired substrate-specific mTOR-dependent phosphorylation of TFEB. Thus, the GABARAP-FLCN/FNIP-TFEB axis serves as a molecular sensor that coordinates lysosomal homeostasis with perturbations and cargo flux within the autophagy-lysosomal network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ward G. Walkup
- Casma Therapeutics, 400 Technology Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kirsty Hooper
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Taoyingnan Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | - Aylwin Ng
- Casma Therapeutics, 400 Technology Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Archana Jha
- Casma Therapeutics, 400 Technology Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Asmita Agrawal
- Sai Life Sciences Limited, Pune 411057, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar R. Budhe
- Sai Life Sciences Limited, Pune 411057, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Dan Baird
- Casma Therapeutics, 400 Technology Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeff Saunders
- Casma Therapeutics, 400 Technology Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Mark R. Chance
- NEO Proteomics Inc., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - John H. Brumell
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Oliver Florey
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leon O. Murphy
- Casma Therapeutics, 400 Technology Sq, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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