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von Maydell D, Wright S, Bonner JM, Staab C, Spitaleri A, Liu L, Pao PC, Yu CJ, Scannail AN, Li M, Boix CA, Mathys H, Leclerc G, Menchaca GS, Welch G, Graziosi A, Leary N, Samaan G, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Single-cell atlas of ABCA7 loss-of-function reveals impaired neuronal respiration via choline-dependent lipid imbalances. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.05.556135. [PMID: 38979214 PMCID: PMC11230156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.556135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Loss-of-function (LoF) variants in the lipid transporter ABCA7 significantly increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (odds ratio ∼2), yet the pathogenic mechanisms and the neural cell types affected by these variants remain largely unknown. Here, we performed single-nuclear RNA sequencing of 36 human post-mortem samples from the prefrontal cortex of 12 ABCA7 LoF carriers and 24 matched non-carrier control individuals. ABCA7 LoF was associated with gene expression changes in all major cell types. Excitatory neurons, which expressed the highest levels of ABCA7, showed transcriptional changes related to lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, cell cycle-related pathways, and synaptic signaling. ABCA7 LoF-associated transcriptional changes in neurons were similarly perturbed in carriers of the common AD missense variant ABCA7 p.Ala1527Gly (n = 240 controls, 135 carriers), indicating that findings from our study may extend to large portions of the at-risk population. Consistent with ABCA7's function as a lipid exporter, lipidomic analysis of isogenic iPSC-derived neurons (iNs) revealed profound intracellular triglyceride accumulation in ABCA7 LoF, which was accompanied by a relative decrease in phosphatidylcholine abundance. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses of iNs further indicated that ABCA7 LoF was associated with disrupted mitochondrial bioenergetics that suggested impaired lipid breakdown by uncoupled respiration. Treatment of ABCA7 LoF iNs with CDP-choline (a rate-limiting precursor of phosphatidylcholine synthesis) reduced triglyceride accumulation and restored mitochondrial function, indicating that ABCA7 LoF-induced phosphatidylcholine dyshomeostasis may directly disrupt mitochondrial metabolism of lipids. Treatment with CDP-choline also rescued intracellular amyloid β -42 levels in ABCA7 LoF iNs, further suggesting a link between ABCA7 LoF metabolic disruptions in neurons and AD pathology. This study provides a detailed transcriptomic atlas of ABCA7 LoF in the human brain and mechanistically links ABCA7 LoF-induced lipid perturbations to neuronal energy dyshomeostasis. In line with a growing body of evidence, our study highlights the central role of lipid metabolism in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.
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2
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Maloney E, Duffy D. Deciphering the relationship between temperature and immunity. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 3:kyae001. [PMID: 38567294 PMCID: PMC10917241 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fever is a hallmark symptom of disease across the animal kingdom. Yet, despite the evidence linking temperature fluctuation and immune response, much remains to be discovered about the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, for instance, it is clinically accepted that joint temperature can predict disease progression. But it was only recently demonstrated that the mitochondria of stimulated T cells can rise to an extreme 50°C, potentially indicating a cellular source of these localized 'fevers'. A challenge to dissecting these mechanisms is a bidirectional interplay between temperature and immunity. Heat shock response is found in virtually all organisms, activating protective pathways when cells are exposed to elevated temperatures. However, the temperature threshold that activates these pathways can vary within the same organism, with human immune cells, in particular, demonstrating differential sensitivity to heat. Such inter-cellular variation may be clinically relevant given the small but significant temperature differences seen between tissues, ages, and sexes. Greater understanding of how such small temperature perturbations mediate immune responses may provide new explanations for persistent questions in disease such as sex disparity in disease prevalence. Notably, the prevalence and severity of many maladies are rising with climate change, suggesting temperature fluctuations can interact with disease on multiple levels. As global temperatures are rising, and our body temperatures are falling, questions regarding temperature-immune interactions are increasingly critical. Here, we review this aspect of environmental interplay to better understand temperature's role in immune variation and subsequent risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Maloney
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Frontiers of Innovation in Research and Education PhD Program, LPI Doctoral School, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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3
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de Veij Mestdagh CF, Smit AB, Henning RH, van Kesteren RE. Mitochondrial Targeting against Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons from Hibernation. Cells 2023; 13:12. [PMID: 38201215 PMCID: PMC10778235 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide and yet remains without effective therapy. Amongst the many proposed causes of AD, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis is gaining attention. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction is a driving force behind synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline in AD patients. However, therapies targeting the mitochondria in AD have proven unsuccessful so far, and out-of-the-box options, such as hibernation-derived mitochondrial mechanisms, may provide valuable new insights. Hibernators uniquely and rapidly alternate between suppression and re-activation of the mitochondria while maintaining a sufficient energy supply and without acquiring ROS damage. Here, we briefly give an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD, how it affects synaptic function, and why mitochondrial targeting in AD has remained unsuccessful so far. We then discuss mitochondria in hibernation and daily torpor in mice, covering current advancements in hibernation-derived mitochondrial targeting strategies. We conclude with new ideas on how hibernation-derived dual mitochondrial targeting of both the ATP and ROS pathways may boost mitochondrial health and induce local synaptic protein translation to increase synaptic function and plasticity. Further exploration of these mechanisms may provide more effective treatment options for AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina F. de Veij Mestdagh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.S.); (R.E.v.K.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.S.); (R.E.v.K.)
| | - Robert H. Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ronald E. van Kesteren
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.S.); (R.E.v.K.)
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Li P, He X, Feng E, Wei J, Tu H, Chen T. Lactobacillus acidophilus JYLA-126 Ameliorates Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders by Positively Regulating the AMPK Signaling Pathway Through the Gut-Liver Axis. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10190-3. [PMID: 38051435 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease worldwide and is considered a major health problem in contemporary society. Lactobacillus acidophilus have demonstrated beneficial effects on obesity, but the specific mechanism of how it exerts beneficial effects has not been elucidated. Here, we found that L. acidophilus JYLA-126 had good biological properties for intestinal health, such as antioxidation, acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, antimicrobial activity, and gut colonization. We further identified that supplementation of L. acidophilus JYLA-126 obese mice possessed a dose-dependent amelioration of body weight, intestinal imbalance, and metabolic disorders compared to HFD-induced mice. Mechanistically, the excellent slimming effect of L. acidophilus JYLA-126 was achieved mainly by reversing HFD-induced gut dysbiosis, inhibiting inflammatory factors and balancing the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis. Specifically, L. acidophilus JYLA-126 improved hepatic glycogen synthesis, lowered oxidative stress, and facilitated lipid metabolism by regulating AMPK signaling pathway-related protein expression to restore the overall metabolic level. Accordingly, L. acidophilus JYLA-126 promoted energy uptake efficiency in obese mice, resulting in significant expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein in brown adipose tissue (BAT), and markedly reduced the size of adipocytes. These findings indicate that the anti-obesity activity of L. acidophilus JYLA-126 correlates with activation of the AMPK signaling pathway through improved gut-liver interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Departments of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugst and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia He
- Departments of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugst and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Enxu Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Departments of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugst and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaijun Tu
- Departments of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Departments of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugst and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, People's Republic of China.
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Haley JA, Jang C, Guertin DA. A new era of understanding in vivo metabolic flux in thermogenic adipocytes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 83:102112. [PMID: 37703635 PMCID: PMC10840980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonshivering thermogenesis by brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an adaptive mechanism for maintaining body temperature in cold environments. BAT is critical in rodents and human infants and has substantial influence on adult human metabolism. Stimulating BAT therapeutically is also being investigated as a strategy against metabolic diseases because of its ability to function as a catabolic sink. Thus, understanding how brown adipocytes and the related brite/beige adipocytes use nutrients to fuel their demanding metabolism has both basic and translational implications. Recent advances in mass spectrometry and isotope tracing are improving the ability to study metabolic flux in vivo. Here, we review how such strategies are advancing our understanding of adipocyte thermogenesis and conclude with key future questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Haley
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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6
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Barayan D, Abdullahi A, Knuth CM, Khalaf F, Rehou S, Screaton RA, Jeschke MG. Lactate shuttling drives the browning of white adipose tissue after burn. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E180-E191. [PMID: 37406182 PMCID: PMC10396278 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00084.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
High levels of plasma lactate are associated with increased mortality in critically injured patients, including those with severe burns. Although lactate has long been considered a waste product of glycolysis, it was recently revealed that it acts as a potent inducer of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, a response implicated in mediating postburn cachexia, hepatic steatosis, and sustained hypermetabolism. Despite the clinical presentation of hyperlactatemia and browning in burns, whether these two pathological responses are linked is currently unknown. Here, we report that elevated lactate plays a causal signaling role in mediating adverse outcomes after burn trauma by directly promoting WAT browning. Using WAT obtained from human burn patients and mouse models of thermal injury, we show that the induction of postburn browning is positively correlated with a shift toward lactate import and metabolism. Furthermore, daily administration of l-lactate is sufficient to augment burn-induced mortality and weight loss in vivo. At the organ level, increased lactate transport amplified the thermogenic activation of WAT and its associated wasting, thereby driving postburn hepatic lipotoxicity and dysfunction. Mechanistically, the thermogenic effects of lactate appeared to result from increased import through MCT transporters, which in turn increased intracellular redox pressure, [NADH/NAD+], and expression of the batokine, FGF21. In fact, pharmacological inhibition of MCT-mediated lactate uptake attenuated browning and improved hepatic function in mice after injury. Collectively, our findings identify a signaling role for lactate that impacts multiple aspects of postburn hypermetabolism, necessitating further investigation of this multifaceted metabolite in trauma and critical illness.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this study was the first to investigate the role of lactate signaling in mediating white adipose tissue browning after burn trauma. We show that the induction of browning in both human burn patients and mice is positively correlated with a shift toward lactate import and metabolism. Daily l-lactate administration augments burn-induced mortality, browning, and hepatic lipotoxicity in vivo, whereas pharmacologically targeting lactate transport alleviates burn-induced browning and improves liver dysfunction after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Barayan
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdikarim Abdullahi
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carly M Knuth
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fadi Khalaf
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Rehou
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Screaton
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ross Tilley Burn Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) displays the unique capacity to generate heat through uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation that makes it a very attractive therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we review BAT cellular metabolism, its regulation by the central nervous and endocrine systems and circulating metabolites, the plausible roles of this tissue in human thermoregulation, energy balance, and cardiometabolic disorders, and the current knowledge on its pharmacological stimulation in humans. The current definition and measurement of BAT in human studies relies almost exclusively on BAT glucose uptake from positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxiglucose, which can be dissociated from BAT thermogenic activity, as for example in insulin-resistant states. The most important energy substrate for BAT thermogenesis is its intracellular fatty acid content mobilized from sympathetic stimulation of intracellular triglyceride lipolysis. This lipolytic BAT response is intertwined with that of white adipose (WAT) and other metabolic tissues, and cannot be independently stimulated with the drugs tested thus far. BAT is an interesting and biologically plausible target that has yet to be fully and selectively activated to increase the body's thermogenic response and shift energy balance. The field of human BAT research is in need of methods able to directly, specifically, and reliably measure BAT thermogenic capacity while also tracking the related thermogenic responses in WAT and other tissues. Until this is achieved, uncertainty will remain about the role played by this fascinating tissue in human cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Correspondence: André C. Carpentier, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001, 12th Ave N, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Denis Richard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 4G5, Canada
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8
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Liu C, Liu Y, Ma B, Zhou M, Zhao X, Fu X, Kan S, Hu W, Zhu R. Mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms in spinal cord injury: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31930. [PMID: 36401438 PMCID: PMC9678589 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system injury that results in the permanent loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions below the level of injury with limited recovery. The pathological process of spinal cord injury includes primary and secondary injuries, characterized by a progressive cascade. Secondary injury impairs the ability of the mitochondria to maintain homeostasis and leads to calcium overload, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, further exacerbating the injury. The defective mitochondrial function observed in these pathologies accelerates neuronal cell death and inhibits regeneration. Treatment of spinal cord injury by preserving mitochondrial biological function is a promising, although still underexplored, therapeutic strategy. This review aimed to explore mitochondrial-based therapeutic advances after spinal cord injury. Specifically, it briefly describes the characteristics of spinal cord injury. It then broadly discusses the drugs used to protect the mitochondria (e.g., cyclosporine A, acetyl-L-carnitine, and alpha-tocopherol), phenomena associated with mitochondrial damage processes (e.g., mitophagy, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis), mitochondrial transplantation for nerve cell regeneration, and innovative mitochondrial combined protection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjiang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanhao Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunli Kan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Rusen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Rusen Zhu, Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center190jieyuan Road, Honggiao District, Tianjin 300121, China (e-mail: )
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9
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Liao FH, Yao CN, Chen SP, Wu TH, Lin SY. Transdermal Delivery of Succinate Accelerates Energy Dissipation of Brown Adipocytes to Reduce Remote Fat Accumulation. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4299-4310. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hsuean Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nien Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Te-Haw Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road,
Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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10
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Lee D, Lee KH, Kim DW, Yoon S, Cho JY. CXCL5 inhibits excessive oxidative stress by regulating white adipocyte differentiation. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102359. [PMID: 35696764 PMCID: PMC9194457 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines have been well-documented as a major factor in immune cell migration and the regulation of immune responses. However, recent studies have reported that chemokines have diverse roles, both in immune cells and other cell types, including adipocytes. This study investigated the molecular functions of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) in white adipose cells using Cxcl5 knock-out (KO) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The expression of Cxcl5 decreased by 90% during adipocyte differentiation and remained at a low level in mature adipocytes. Moreover, adipogenesis was enhanced when adipocytes were differentiated from the stromal vascular fraction (SFV) of Cxcl5 KO mice. Feeding an HFD increased the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted abnormal adipogenesis in Cxcl5 KO mice. Oxidative stress and insulin resistance occurred in Cxcl5 KO mice due to decreased antioxidant enzymes and failure to remove ROS. These results indicate the principal roles of CXCL5 in adipogenesis and ROS regulation in adipose tissue, further suggesting that CXCL5 is a valuable chemokine for metabolic disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Zhang CZ, Sang D, Wu BS, Li SL, Zhang CH, Jin L, Li JX, Gu Y, Ga NMR, Hua M, Sun HZ. Effects of dietary supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate on maternal endometrium and fetal development during early pregnancy in Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. Anim Sci J 2022; 93:e13693. [PMID: 35258155 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on maternal endometrium and fetal development during early pregnancy of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. Forty-eight pregnant Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats (average age 3 years old, average lactation parity 2, and average body weight 43.81 ± 2.66 kg) were randomly allocated to three groups: a basal diet (control group, n = 16), a basal diet plus 0.30-g NCG/d (NCG1 group, n = 16), and a basal diet plus 0.40-g NCG/d (NCG2 group, n = 16). All of the does were housed in individual pens and the NCG treatment was conducted from Days 0 to 90 of pregnancy. At Days 17 and 90 of pregnancy, six representative pregnant does in each group were slaughtered. The current study results demonstrated that maternal NCG administration during early pregnancy effectively increased the arginine family of amino acids and the glucogenic amino acids concentrations and promoted the mRNA expression of osteopontin (OPN), αv and β3 integrins, and endometrial development of Inner Mongolia white cashmere goats. The supplementation improved the fetal brown adipose tissue (BAT) stores and the mRNA expression of UCP-1 and BMP7, thereby helping to the fetal early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhi Zhang
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Dan Sang
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Bao Sheng Wu
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Sheng Li Li
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Chun Hua Zhang
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Lu Jin
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jin Xia Li
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Na Mei Ri Ga
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Mei Hua
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Hai Zhou Sun
- Institute for Animal Nutrition and Feed Research, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
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12
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Recurrent erosion of COA1/MITRAC15 exemplifies conditional gene dispensability in oxidative phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24437. [PMID: 34952909 PMCID: PMC8709867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers rely upon either oxidative phosphorylation or the glycolytic pathway with much less reliance on oxidative phosphorylation to achieve muscular contractions that power mechanical movements. Species with energy-intensive adaptive traits that require sudden bursts of energy have a greater dependency on glycolytic fibers. Glycolytic fibers have decreased reliance on OXPHOS and lower mitochondrial content compared to oxidative fibers. Hence, we hypothesized that gene loss might have occurred within the OXPHOS pathway in lineages that largely depend on glycolytic fibers. The protein encoded by the COA1/MITRAC15 gene with conserved orthologs found in budding yeast to humans promotes mitochondrial translation. We show that gene disrupting mutations have accumulated within the COA1 gene in the cheetah, several species of galliform birds, and rodents. The genomic region containing COA1 is a well-established evolutionary breakpoint region in mammals. Careful inspection of genome assemblies of closely related species of rodents and marsupials suggests two independent COA1 gene loss events co-occurring with chromosomal rearrangements. Besides recurrent gene loss events, we document changes in COA1 exon structure in primates and felids. The detailed evolutionary history presented in this study reveals the intricate link between skeletal muscle fiber composition and the occasional dispensability of the chaperone-like role of the COA1 gene.
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Claflin KE, Flippo KH, Sullivan AI, Naber MC, Zhou B, Neff TJ, Jensen-Cody SO, Potthoff MJ. Conditional gene targeting using UCP1-Cre mice directly targets the central nervous system beyond thermogenic adipose tissues. Mol Metab 2021; 55:101405. [PMID: 34844020 PMCID: PMC8683614 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a mitochondrial protein critical for adaptive thermogenesis in adipose tissues, and it is typically believed to be restricted to thermogenic adipose tissues. UCP1-Cre transgenic mice are utilized in numerous studies to provide “brown adipose-specific” conditional gene targeting. Here, we examined the distribution of Cre and UCP1 throughout the body in UCP1-Cre reporter mice. Methods UCP1-Cre mice crossed to Ai14-tdTomato and Ai9-tdTomato reporter mice were used to explore the tissue distribution of Cre recombinase and Ucp1 mRNA in various tissues. UCP1-Cre mice were independently infected with either a Cre-dependent PHP.eB-tdTomato virus or a Cre-dependent AAV-tdTomato virus to determine whether and where UCP1 is actively expressed in the adult central nervous system. In situ analysis of the deposited single cell RNA sequencing data was used to evaluate Ucp1 expression in the hypothalamus. Results As expected, Ucp1 expression was detected in both brown and inguinal adipose tissues. Ucp1 expression was also detected in the kidney, adrenal glands, thymus, and hypothalamus. Consistent with detectable Ucp1 expression, tdTomato expression was also observed in brown adipose tissue, inguinal white adipose tissue, kidney, adrenal glands, and hypothalamus of both male and female UCP1-Cre; Ai14-tdTomato and UCP1-Cre; Ai9-tdTomato mice by fluorescent imaging and qPCR. Critically, expression of tdTomato, and thus UCP1, within the central nervous system was observed in regions of the brain critical for the regulation of energy homeostasis, including the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). Conclusions TdTomato expression in UCP1-Cre; tdTomato mice is not restricted to thermogenic adipose tissues. TdTomato was also expressed in the kidneys, adrenal glands, and throughout the brain, including brain regions and cell types that are critical for multiple aspects of central regulation of energy homeostasis. Collectively, these data have important implications for the utility of UCP1-Cre mice as genetic tools to investigate gene function specifically in brown adipose tissue. UCP1-Cre transgenic mice express Cre in tissues beyond thermogenic adipose tissues. UCP1-Cre; tdTomato reporter mice show that Cre is also expressed throughout the brain, kidney, and adrenal glands. Ucp1 mRNA is actively expressed in the central nervous system of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Claflin
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kyle H Flippo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Andrew I Sullivan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Meghan C Naber
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bolu Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tate J Neff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Sharon O Jensen-Cody
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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14
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Spiljar M, Steinbach K, Rigo D, Suárez-Zamorano N, Wagner I, Hadadi N, Vincenti I, Page N, Klimek B, Rochat MA, Kreutzfeldt M, Chevalier C, Stojanović O, Bejuy O, Colin D, Mack M, Cansever D, Greter M, Merkler D, Trajkovski M. Cold exposure protects from neuroinflammation through immunologic reprogramming. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2231-2246.e8. [PMID: 34687652 PMCID: PMC8570411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is energetically costly, but the impact of a metabolically active state on immunity and immune-mediated diseases is unclear. Ly6Chi monocytes are key effectors in CNS autoimmunity with an elusive role in priming naive autoreactive T cells. Here, we provide unbiased analysis of the immune changes in various compartments during cold exposure and show that this energetically costly stimulus markedly ameliorates active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Cold exposure decreases MHCII on monocytes at steady state and in various inflammatory mouse models and suppresses T cell priming and pathogenicity through the modulation of monocytes. Genetic or antibody-mediated monocyte depletion or adoptive transfer of Th1- or Th17-polarized cells for EAE abolishes the cold-induced effects on T cells or EAE, respectively. These findings provide a mechanistic link between environmental temperature and neuroinflammation and suggest competition between cold-induced metabolic adaptations and autoimmunity as energetic trade-off beneficial for the immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Spiljar
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Steinbach
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dorothée Rigo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Suárez-Zamorano
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Noushin Hadadi
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ilena Vincenti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Page
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogna Klimek
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mary-Aude Rochat
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire Chevalier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ozren Stojanović
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Bejuy
- CIBM Centre for BioMedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Colin
- Small Animal Preclinical Imaging Platform, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dilay Cansever
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mirko Trajkovski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ethnicity Differences in the Association of UCP1-3826A/G, UCP2-866G/A and Ala55Val, and UCP3-55C/T Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Susceptibility: An Updated Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:3482879. [PMID: 34712730 PMCID: PMC8548105 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3482879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background The relationship between uncoupling protein (UCP) 1-3 polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been extensively studied, while conclusions remain contradictory. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to elucidate whether the UCP1-3826A/G, UCP2-866G/A, Ala55Val, and UCP3-55C/T polymorphisms are associated with T2DM. Methods Eligible studies were searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science database before 12 July 2020. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association. Heterogeneity analysis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also performed. Results A total of 38 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The overall results revealed significant association between T2DM and the UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphism (recessive model: OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.40, P < 0.01; homozygous model: OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.72, P = 0.029, respectively). In subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity, T2DM risk was increased with the UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphism (allele model: OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.02-1.34, P = 0.023; recessive model: OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.13-1.45, P < 0.01; homozygous model: OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.05-1.86, P = 0.023, respectively), while decreased with the UCP2-866G/A polymorphism in Asians (dominant model: OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.74-1.00, P = 0.045). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the UCP2-866G/A polymorphism is protective against T2DM, while the UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphism is susceptible to T2DM in Asians.
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16
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Glycogen metabolism links glucose homeostasis to thermogenesis in adipocytes. Nature 2021; 599:296-301. [PMID: 34707293 PMCID: PMC9186421 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes increase energy expenditure in response to prolonged sympathetic activation via persistent expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)1,2. Here we report that the regulation of glycogen metabolism by catecholamines is critical for UCP1 expression. Chronic β-adrenergic activation leads to increased glycogen accumulation in adipocytes expressing UCP1. Adipocyte-specific deletion of a scaffolding protein, protein targeting to glycogen (PTG), reduces glycogen levels in beige adipocytes, attenuating UCP1 expression and responsiveness to cold or β-adrenergic receptor-stimulated weight loss in obese mice. Unexpectedly, we observed that glycogen synthesis and degradation are increased in response to catecholamines, and that glycogen turnover is required to produce reactive oxygen species leading to the activation of p38 MAPK, which drives UCP1 expression. Thus, glycogen has a key regulatory role in adipocytes, linking glucose metabolism to thermogenesis.
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17
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Lagarde D, Jeanson Y, Portais JC, Galinier A, Ader I, Casteilla L, Carrière A. Lactate Fluxes and Plasticity of Adipose Tissues: A Redox Perspective. Front Physiol 2021; 12:689747. [PMID: 34276410 PMCID: PMC8278056 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.689747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate, a metabolite produced when the glycolytic flux exceeds mitochondrial oxidative capacities, is now viewed as a critical regulator of metabolism by acting as both a carbon and electron carrier and a signaling molecule between cells and tissues. In recent years, increasing evidence report its key role in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue biology, and highlights new mechanisms by which lactate participates in the maintenance of whole-body energy homeostasis. Lactate displays a wide range of biological effects in adipose cells not only through its binding to the membrane receptor but also through its transport and the subsequent effect on intracellular metabolism notably on redox balance. This study explores how lactate regulates adipocyte metabolism and plasticity by balancing intracellular redox state and by regulating specific signaling pathways. We also emphasized the contribution of adipose tissues to the regulation of systemic lactate metabolism, their roles in redox homeostasis, and related putative physiopathological repercussions associated with their decline in metabolic diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lagarde
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Charles Portais
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Galinier
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Ader
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- Institut RESTORE, UMR 1301 INSERM, 5070 CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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18
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Singh P, Reza MI, Syed AA, Husain A, Katekar R, Gayen JR. Pancreastatin mediated regulation of UCP-1 and energy expenditure in high fructose fed perimenopausal rats. Life Sci 2021; 279:119677. [PMID: 34081990 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Pancreastatin (PST) is a crucial bioactive peptide derived from chromogranin A (CHGA) proprotein that exhibits an anti-insulin effect on adipocytes. Herein, we investigated the effects of PST on brown adipose tissues (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) in connection with uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) regulated energy expenditure in high fructose diet (HFrD) fed and vinylcyclohexenediepoxide (VCD) induced perimenopausal rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS We administered VCD in rats for 17 consecutive days and fed HFrd for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks estradiol and progesterone levels were detected. Furthermore, detection of glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and body composition revealed impaired glucose homeostasis and enhanced PST levels. Effects of enhanced PST on UCP-1 level in BAT and WAT of perimenopausal rats were further investigated. KEY FINDINGS Reduced serum estradiol, progesterone, and attenuated insulin response confirmed perimenopausal model development. Furthermore, enhanced PST serum level and its increased expression in BAT and WAT downregulated the UCP-1 expression. Subsequently, impaired ATP level, NADP/NADPH ratio, citrate synthase activity, enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and perturbed mitochondrial membrane potential, further exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular ROS production, and promoted apoptosis. Interestingly, PST inhibition by PST inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) displayed a favorable impact on UCP-1 and energy expenditure. SIGNIFICANCE The aforementioned outcomes indicated the substantial role of PST in altering the UCP-1 expression and associated energy homeostasis. Hence our results corroborate novel avenues to unravel the quest deciphering PST's role in energy homeostasis and its association with perimenopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragati Singh
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Irshad Reza
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Roshan Katekar
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Michurina SS, Stafeev IS, Menshikov MY, Parfyonova YV. Mitochondrial dynamics keep balance of nutrient combustion in thermogenic adipocytes. Mitochondrion 2021; 59:157-168. [PMID: 34010673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis takes place in brown and beige adipocytes and facilitates cold tolerance and acclimation. However, thermogenesis in adipose tissue also was found to be activated in metabolic overload states for fast utilization of nutrients excess. This observation spurred research interest in mechanisms of thermogenesis regulation for metabolic overload and obesity prevention. One of proposed regulators of thermogenic efficiency in adipocytes is the dynamics of mitochondria, where thermogenesis takes place. Indeed, brown and beige adipocytes exhibit fragmented round-shaped mitochondria, while white adipocytes have elongated organelles with high ATP synthesis. Mitochondrial morphology can determine uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) content, efficiency of catabolic pathways and electron transport chain, supplying thermogenesis. This review will highlight the co-regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and thermogenesis and formulate hypothetical ways for excessive nutrients burning in response to mitochondrial morphology manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Michurina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia.
| | - I S Stafeev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia.
| | - M Y Menshikov
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ye V Parfyonova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Centre for Cardiology, 121500 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Mukherjee S, Yun JW. Novel regulatory roles of UCP1 in osteoblasts. Life Sci 2021; 276:119427. [PMID: 33785331 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The bone-adipose axis requires complex homeostasis in energy and global metabolism. The bioenergetics of bone establishes the necessary energy balance to coordinate endocrine functions that are affected by various factors and is not limited to matrix proteins only. UCP1 is an uncoupling protein of adipocytes, commonly known for its unique feature of promoting thermogenesis, mainly in brown fat; however, the effects of UCP1 in other cell types remain unreported. MAIN METHODS In the current study, we determined the roles of UCP1 in osteoblasts by silencing the Ucp1 gene in MC-3T3-E1 cells, as well as C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells, and explored its functional activities. KEY FINDINGS Our results demonstrate for the first time the presence of UCP1 in osteoblast cells. We identified that UCP1 regulates ATP and oxidative phosphorylation in MC-3T3-E1 cells. In addition, our data reveal that the lack of Ucp1 results in reduced expressions of regulatory proteins involved in scavenging of ROS by enhancing an autophagic event to balance osteogenic differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, this study highlights a novel perspective on the importance of UCP1 in bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Jefimow M, Przybylska-Piech AS, Wojciechowski MS. Predictive and reactive changes in antioxidant defence system in a heterothermic rodent. J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:479-492. [PMID: 32435827 PMCID: PMC7311498 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Living in a seasonal environment requires periodic changes in animal physiology, morphology and behaviour. Winter phenotype of small mammals living in Temperate and Boreal Zones may differ considerably from summer one in multiple traits that enhance energy conservation or diminish energy loss. However, there is a considerable variation in the development of winter phenotype among individuals in a population and some, representing the non-responding phenotype (non-responders), are insensitive to shortening days and maintain summer phenotype throughout a year. Differences in energy management associated with the development of different winter phenotypes should be accompanied by changes in antioxidant defence capacity, leading to effective protection against oxidative stress resulting from increased heat production in winter. To test it, we analysed correlation of winter phenotypes of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) with facultative non-shivering thermogenesis capacity (NST) and oxidative status. We found that in both phenotypes acclimation to winter-like conditions increased NST capacity and improved antioxidant defence resulting in lower oxidative stress (OS) than in summer, and females had always lower OS than males. Although NST capacity did not correlate with the intensity of OS, shortly after NST induction responders had lower OS than non-responders suggesting more effective mechanisms protecting from detrimental effects of reactive oxygen metabolites generated during rewarming from torpor. We suggest that seasonal increase in antioxidant defence is programmed endogenously to predictively prevent oxidative stress in winter. At the same time reactive upregulation of antioxidant defence protects against reactive oxygen species generated during NST itself. It suggests that evolution of winter phenotype with potentially harmful characteristics was counterbalanced by the development of protective mechanisms allowing for the maintenance of phenotypic adjustments to seasonally changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jefimow
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Anna S Przybylska-Piech
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał S Wojciechowski
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Poulia KA, Sarantis P, Antoniadou D, Koustas E, Papadimitropoulou A, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. Pancreatic Cancer and Cachexia-Metabolic Mechanisms and Novel Insights. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1543. [PMID: 32466362 PMCID: PMC7352917 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a major characteristic of multiple non-malignant diseases, advanced and metastatic cancers and it is highly prevalent in pancreatic cancer, affecting almost 70-80% of the patients. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial condition accompanied by compromised appetite and changes in body composition, i.e., loss of fat. It is associated with lower effectiveness of treatment, compromised quality of life, and higher mortality. Understanding the complex pathways underlying the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia, new therapeutic targets will be unraveled. The interplay between tumor and host factors, such as cytokines, holds a central role in cachexia pathophysiology. Cytokines are possibly responsible for anorexia, hypermetabolism, muscle proteolysis, and apoptosis. In particular, cachexia in pancreatic cancer might be the result of the surgical removal of pancreas parts. In recent years, many studies have been carried out to identify an effective treatment algorithm for cachexia. Choosing the most appropriate treatment, the clinical effect and the risk of adverse effects should be taken under consideration. The purpose of this review is to highlight the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as the current ways of cachexia treatment in the pharmaceutical and the nutrition field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Anna Poulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (E.K.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Dimitra Antoniadou
- Oncology Department of Daily Hospitality, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Koustas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (E.K.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Adriana Papadimitropoulou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (E.K.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Michalis V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (P.S.); (E.K.); (A.G.P.)
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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23
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Anilinopyrazines as potential mitochondrial uncouplers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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AHANI N, SANGTARASH MH, ALIPOUR ESKANDANI M, HOUSHMAND M. Zataria multiflora Boiss. Essential Oil Induce Apoptosis in Two Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines (HCT116 & SW48). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:753-762. [PMID: 32548056 PMCID: PMC7283189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zataria multiflora Boiss. is known by the common Persian name "Avishan-e-Shirazi", is one of the best-known medicinal herbs belonging to the Labiatae (Lamiaceae) family. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effects and the underlying mechanisms of how Z. multiflora Boiss., essential oil induced apoptosis in the human colorectal tumor cell lines (HCT116 & SW48). METHODS This study was conducted in National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB) (Tehran, Iran) from 2017 to 2019. The cytotoxicity of this essential oil was assessed by 3- (4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetra-zolium bromide (MTT) assay, trypan blue exclusion, and colony formation assays. We assessed apoptosis and measure intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) by flow cytometry. Then gene expression was analyzed by Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR. RESULTS Z. multiflora Boiss., essential oil time- and dose-dependently inhibits cell proliferation and also induced apoptosis in both cell lines via UCP2-related mitochondrial pathway by the induction of intracellular ROS. CONCLUSION Z. multiflora Boiss., essential oil could be a good candidate for use as an inhibitor of the growth of colorectal tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges AHANI
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Majid ALIPOUR ESKANDANI
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Massoud HOUSHMAND
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran, Research Center, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq,Corresponding author:
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25
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The emerging roles of lactate as a redox substrate and signaling molecule in adipose tissues. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:241-250. [PMID: 31898016 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic (brown and beige) adipose tissues improve glucose and lipid homeostasis and therefore represent putative targets to cure obesity and related metabolic diseases including type II diabetes. Beside decades of research and the very well-described role of noradrenergic signaling, mechanisms underlying adipocytes plasticity and activation of thermogenic adipose tissues remain incompletely understood. Recent studies show that metabolites such as lactate control the oxidative capacity of thermogenic adipose tissues. Long time viewed as a metabolic waste product, lactate is now considered as an important metabolic substrate largely feeding the oxidative metabolism of many tissues, acting as a signaling molecule and as an inter-cellular and inter-tissular redox carrier. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent findings highlighting the importance of lactate in adipose tissues, from its production to its role as a browning inducer and its metabolic links with brown adipose tissue. We also discuss additional function(s) than thermogenesis ensured by brown and beige adipose tissues, i.e., their ability to dissipate high redox pressure and oxidative stress thanks to the activity of the uncoupling protein-1, helping to maintain tissue and whole organism redox homeostasis and integrity.
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26
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Peleli M, Ferreira DMS, Tarnawski L, McCann Haworth S, Xuechen L, Zhuge Z, Newton PT, Massart J, Chagin AS, Olofsson PS, Ruas JL, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Carlström M. Dietary nitrate attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity via mechanisms involving higher adipocyte respiration and alterations in inflammatory status. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101387. [PMID: 31765889 PMCID: PMC6883295 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that dietary nitrate can reverse several features of the metabolic syndrome, but the underlying molecular mechanisms still remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to explore mechanisms involved in the effects of dietary nitrate on the metabolic dysfunctions induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. Four weeks old C57BL/6 male mice, exposed to HFD for ten weeks, were characterised by increased body weight, fat content, increased fasting glucose and impaired glucose clearance. All these metabolic abnormalities were significantly attenuated by dietary nitrate. Mechanistically, subcutaneous primary mouse adipocytes exposed to palmitate (PA) and treated with nitrite exhibited higher mitochondrial respiration, increased protein expression of total mitochondrial complexes and elevated gene expression of the thermogenesis gene UCP-1, as well as of the creatine transporter SLC6A8. Finally, dietary nitrate increased the expression of anti-inflammatory markers in visceral fat, plasma and bone marrow-derived macrophages (Arginase-1, Egr-2, IL-10), which was associated with reduction of NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production in macrophages. In conclusion, dietary nitrate may have therapeutic utility against obesity and associated metabolic complications possibly by increasing adipocyte mitochondrial respiration and by dampening inflammation and oxidative stress. Dietary nitrate attenuates high-fat diet-induced adiposity and glucose intolerance. Mechanistically, boosting the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway:induces expression of thermogenesis-associated genes in adipocytes increases adipocyte respiration attenuates macrophage-induced oxidative stress modulates inflammatory profile
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peleli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D M S Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Tarnawski
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S McCann Haworth
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Xuechen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Z Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P T Newton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - P S Olofsson
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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27
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Zhang C, Sun F, Xiong B, Zhang Z. Preparation of mitochondria to measure superoxide flashes in angiosperm flowers. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6708. [PMID: 30997289 PMCID: PMC6462395 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are the center of energy metabolism and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS production results in a burst of “superoxide flashes”, which is always accompanied by depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxide flashes have only been studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana using a complex method to isolate mitochondria. In this study, we present an efficient, easier method to isolate functional mitochondria from floral tissues to measure superoxide flashes. Method We used 0.5 g samples to isolate mitochondria within <1.5 h from flowers of two non-transgenic plants (Magnolia denudata and Nelumbo nucifera) to measure superoxide flashes. Superoxide flashes were visualized by the pH-insensitive indicator MitoSOX Red, while the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m) was labelled with TMRM. Results Mitochondria isolated using our method showed a high respiration ratio. Our results indicate that the location of ROS and mitochondria was in a good coincidence. Increased ROS together with a higher frequency of superoxide flashes was found in mitochondria isolated from the flower pistil. Furthermore, a higher rate of depolarization of the ΔΨ m was observed in the pistil. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the frequency of superoxide flashes is closely related to depolarization of the ΔΨ m in petals and pistils of flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulan Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengshuo Sun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Xiong
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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28
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Abstract
Background Thermogenic adipocytes reorganize their metabolism during cold exposure. Metabolic reprogramming requires readily available bioenergetics substrates, such as glucose and fatty acids, to increase mitochondrial respiration and produce heat via the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). This condition generates a finely-tuned production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) that support non-shivering thermogenesis. Scope of review Herein, the findings underlining the mechanisms that regulate ROS production and control of the adaptive responses tuning thermogenesis in adipocytes are described. Furthermore, this review describes the metabolic responses to substrate availability and the consequence of mitochondrial failure to switch fuel oxidation in response to changes in nutrient availability. A framework to control mitochondrial ROS threshold to maximize non-shivering thermogenesis in adipocytes is provided. Major conclusions Thermogenesis synchronizes fuel oxidation with an acute and transient increase of mitochondrial ROS that promotes the activation of redox-sensitive thermogenic signaling cascade and UCP1. However, an overload of substrate flux to mitochondria causes a massive and damaging mitochondrial ROS production that affects mitochondrial flexibility. Finding novel thermogenic redox targets and manipulating ROS concentration in adipocytes appears to be a promising avenue of research for improving thermogenesis and counteracting metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial ROS support non-shivering thermogenesis. Thermogenic ROS are tightly related to mitochondrial metabolic reorganization. Uncontrolled mitochondrial ROS production is causative of metabolic inflexibility.
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29
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Abstract
The organs require oxygen and other types of nutrients (amino acids, sugars, and lipids) to function, the heart consuming large amounts of fatty acids for oxidation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation.
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30
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Pahlavani M, Ramalingam L, Miller EK, Scoggin S, Menikdiwela KR, Kalupahana NS, Festuccia WT, Moustaid-Moussa N. Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reduces Adiposity, Glucose Intolerance and Increases Oxygen Consumption Independently of Uncoupling Protein 1. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800821. [PMID: 30657255 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and has been proposed as an anti-obesity target. It was reported previously that a high-fat (HF) diet enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) significantly increased UCP1 and other thermogenic markers in BAT. It is hypothesized that these effects are mediated through UCP1-dependent regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT) and UCP1 knockout (KO) B6 male mice were housed at thermoneutrality and fed a HF diet, without or with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-enriched fish oil. HF-fed KO mice were heavier and had higher BAT lipid content than other groups. Protective effects of EPA in WT, previously observed at 22 °C (reduced adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, and increased UCP1), disappeared at thermoneutrality. Mitochondrial proteins, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX I), COX I, II, and IV were reduced in the KO mice compared to WT. Unexpectedly, EPA attenuated weight and fat mass gain and improved glucose tolerance in the KO mice. Finally, EPA increased BAT peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) protein and gene expression, and whole-body oxygen consumption in KO mice, consistent with increased mitochondria DNA (mtDNA)/nuclear DNA (nucDNA) ratio. CONCLUSIONS EPA rescued the weight gain and glucose intolerance in UCP1 KO mice at thermoneutrality, independent of UCP1; these effects may be mediated in part via increased oxygen consumption and BAT PGC1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Emily K Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Shane Scoggin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Kalhara R Menikdiwela
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - William T Festuccia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508, Brazil
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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31
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Speijer D. Can All Major ROS Forming Sites of the Respiratory Chain Be Activated By High FADH 2 /NADH Ratios?: Ancient evolutionary constraints determine mitochondrial ROS formation. Bioessays 2018; 41:e1800180. [PMID: 30512221 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201800180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aspects of peroxisome evolution, uncoupling, carnitine shuttles, supercomplex formation, and missing neuronal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in respiratory chains. Oxidation of substrates with high FADH2 /NADH (F/N) ratios (e.g., FAs) initiate ROS formation in Complex I due to insufficient availability of its electron acceptor (Q) and reverse electron transport from QH2 , e.g., during FAO or glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle use. Here it is proposed that the Q-cycle of Complex III contributes to enhanced ROS formation going from low F/N ratio substrates (glucose) to high F/N substrates. This contribution is twofold: 1) Complex III uses Q as substrate, thus also competing with Complex I; 2) Complex III itself will produce more ROS under these conditions. I link this scenario to the universally observed Complex III dimerization. The Q-cycle of Complex III thus again illustrates the tension between efficient ATP generation and endogenous ROS formation. This model can explain recent findings concerning succinate and ROS-induced uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Speijer
- Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Room K1-257, 1105, AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Jastroch M, Oelkrug R, Keipert S. Insights into brown adipose tissue evolution and function from non-model organisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29514888 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.169425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) enables adaptive thermoregulation through heat production that is catalyzed by mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). BAT is frequently studied in rodent model organisms, and recently in adult humans to treat metabolic diseases. However, complementary studies of many non-model species, which have diversified to many more ecological niches, may significantly broaden our understanding of BAT regulation and its physiological roles. This Review highlights the research on non-model organisms, which was instrumental to the discovery of BAT function, and the unique evolutionary history of BAT/UCP1 in mammalian thermogenesis. The comparative biology of BAT provides a powerful integrative approach that could identify conserved and specialized functional changes in BAT and UCP1 by considering species diversity, ecology and evolution, and by fusing multiple scientific disciplines such as physiology and biochemistry. Thus, resolving the complete picture of BAT biology may fail if comparative studies of non-model organisms are neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jastroch
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps University of Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Oelkrug
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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