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Adwani G, Bharti S, Kumar A. Engineered nanoparticles in non-invasive insulin delivery for precision therapeutics of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133437. [PMID: 38944087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease leading to the death of millions a year across the world. Insulin is required for Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetic patients, however, there are various modes of insulin delivery out of which oral delivery is noninvasive and convenient. Moreover, factors like insulin degradation and poor intestinal absorption play a crucial role in its bioavailability and effectiveness. This review discusses various types of engineered nanoparticles used in-vitro, in-vivo, and ex-vivo insulin delivery along with their administration routes and physicochemical properties. Injectable insulin formulations, currently in use have certain limitations, leading to invasiveness, low patient compliance, causing inflammation, and side effects. Based on these drawbacks, this review emphasizes more on the non-invasive route, particularly oral delivery. The article is important because it focuses on how engineered nanoparticles can overcome the limitations of free therapeutics (drugs alone), navigate the barriers, and accomplish precision therapeutics in diabetes. In future, more drugs could be delivered with a similar strategy to cure various diseases and resolve challenges in drug delivery. This review significantly describes the role of various engineered nanoparticles in improving the bioavailability of insulin by protecting it from various barriers during non-invasive routes of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Adwani
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, CG, India
| | - Sharda Bharti
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, CG, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, CG, India.
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Kasinathan D, Guo Z, Sarver DC, Wong GW, Yun S, Michels AW, Yu L, Sona C, Poy MN, Golson ML, Fu D. Cell-Surface ZnT8 Antibody Prevents and Reverses Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice. Diabetes 2024; 73:806-818. [PMID: 38387059 PMCID: PMC11043063 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pathogenic lymphocytes target autoantigens expressed in pancreatic islets, leading to the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is a major autoantigen abundantly present on the β-cell surface. This unique molecular target offers the potential to shield β-cells against autoimmune attacks in T1D. Our previous work showed that a monoclonal antibody (mAb43) against cell-surface ZnT8 could home in on pancreatic islets and prevent autoantibodies from recognizing β-cells. This study demonstrates that mAb43 binds to exocytotic sites on the β-cell surface, masking the antigenic exposure of ZnT8 and insulin after glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In vivo administration of mAb43 to NOD mice selectively increased the proportion of regulatory T cells in the islet, resulting in complete and sustained protection against T1D onset as well as reversal of new-onset diabetes. The mAb43-induced self-tolerance was reversible after treatment cessation, and no adverse effects were exhibited during long-term monitoring. Our findings suggest that mAb43 masking of the antigenic exposure of β-cells suppresses the immunological cascade from B-cell antigen presentation to T cell-mediated β-cell destruction, providing a novel islet-targeted and antigen-specific immunotherapy to prevent and reverse clinical T1D. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Kasinathan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dylan C. Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shumei Yun
- Office of Graduate Medical Education, University of Maryland Medical System, Largo, MD
| | - Aaron W. Michels
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Chandan Sona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Matthew N. Poy
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Maria L. Golson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dax Fu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Williams CL, Marzinotto I, Brigatti C, Gillespie KM, Lampasona V, Williams AJK, Long AE. A novel, high-performance, low-volume, rapid luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay to detect autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 215:215-224. [PMID: 38150393 PMCID: PMC10876106 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A) are thought to appear close to type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset and can identify high-risk multiple (≥2) autoantibody positive individuals. Radiobinding assays (RBA) are widely used for ZnT8A measurement but have limited sustainability. We sought to develop a novel, high-performance, non-radioactive luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay to replace RBA. METHODS A custom dual C-terminal ZnT8 (aa268-369; R325/W325) heterodimeric antigen, tagged with a NanoluciferaseTM (Nluc-ZnT8) reporter, and LIPS assay was developed. Assay performance was evaluated by testing sera from new onset T1D (n = 573), healthy schoolchildren (n = 521), and selected first-degree relatives (FDRs) from the Bart's Oxford family study (n = 617; 164 progressed to diabetes). RESULTS In new-onset T1D, ZnT8A levels by LIPS strongly correlated with RBA (Spearman's r = 0.89; P < 0.0001), and positivity was highly concordant (94.3%). At a high specificity (95%), LIPS and RBA had comparable assay performance [LIPS pROC-AUC(95) 0.032 (95% CI: 0.029-0.036); RBA pROC-AUC(95) 0.031 (95% CI: 0.028-0.034); P = 0.376]. Overall, FDRs found positive by LIPS or RBA had a comparable 20-year diabetes risk (52.6% and 59.7%, respectively), but LIPS positivity further stratified T1D risk in FDRs positive for at least one other islet autoantibody detected by RBA (P = 0.0346). CONCLUSION This novel, high-performance, cheaper, quicker, higher throughput, low blood volume Nluc-ZnT8 LIPS assay is a safe, non-radioactive alternative to RBA with enhanced sensitivity and ability to discriminate T1D progressors. This method offers an advanced approach to current strategies to screen the general population for T1D risk for immunotherapy trials and to reduce rates of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Ilaria Marzinotto
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Brigatti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Kathleen M Gillespie
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Vito Lampasona
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alistair J K Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna E Long
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Jia X, Yu L. Understanding Islet Autoantibodies in Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2023; 8:bvad160. [PMID: 38169963 PMCID: PMC10758755 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As screening studies and preventive interventions for type 1 diabetes (T1D) advance rapidly, the utility of islet autoantibodies (IAbs) in T1D prediction comes with challenges for early and accurate disease progression prediction. Refining features of IAbs can provide more accurate risk assessment. The advances in islet autoantibodies assay techniques help to screen out islet autoantibodies with high efficiency and high disease specificity. Exploring new islet autoantibodies to neoepitopes/neoantigens remains a hot research field for improving prediction and disease pathogenesis. We will review the recent research progresses of islet autoantibodies to better understand the utility of islet autoantibodies in prediction of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jia
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Yang L, Zhang X, Liu Q, Wen Y, Wang Q. Update on the ZNT8 epitope and its role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino) 2023; 48:447-458. [PMID: 38099391 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6507.22.03723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific chronic autoimmune disease mediated by autoreactive T cells. ZnT8 is a pancreatic islet-specific zinc transporter that is mainly located in β cells. It not only participates in the synthesis, storage and secretion of insulin but also maintains the structural integrity of insulin. ZnT8 is the main autoantigen recognized by autoreactive CD8+ T cells in children and adults with T1D. This article summarizes the latest research results on the T lymphocyte epitope and B lymphocyte epitope of ZnT8 in the current literature. The structure and expression of ZnT8, the role of ZnT8 in insulin synthesis and its role in autoimmunity are reviewed. ZnT8 is the primary autoantigen of T1D and is specifically expressed in pancreatic islets. Thus, it is one of biomarkers for the diagnosis of T1D. It has broad prospects for further research on immunomodulators for the treatment of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China -
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Li D, Ren Y, Chen R, Wu H, Zhuang S, Zhang M. Label-free MXene-assisted field effect transistor for the determination of IL-6 in patients with kidney transplantation infection. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:284. [PMID: 37417992 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A spiral interdigitated MXene-assisted field effect transistor (SiMFETs) was proposed for determination of IL-6 in patients with kidney transplantation infection. Our SiMFETs demonstrated enhanced IL-6 detection range of 10 fg/mL-100 ng/mL due to the combination of optimized transistor's structure and semiconducting nanocomposites. Specifically, on one hand, MXene-based field effect transistor drastically amplified the amperometric signal for determination of IL-6; on the other hand, the multiple spiral structure of interdigitated drain-source architecture improved the transconductance of FET biosensor. The developed SiMFETs biosensor demonstrated satisfactory stability for 2 months, and favorable reproducibility and selectivity against other biochemical interferences. The SiMFETs biosensor exhibited acceptable correlation coefficient (R2=0.955) in quantification of clinical biosamples. The sensor successfully distinguished the infected patients from the health control with enhanced AUC of 0.939 (sensitivity of 91.7%, specificity of 86.7%). Those merits introduced here may pave an alternative strategy for transistor-based biosensor in point-of-care clinic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaofei Ren
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyang Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Guo Z, Kasinathan D, Merriman C, Nakayama M, Li H, Li H, Xu C, Wong GW, Yu L, Golson ML, Fu D. Cell-Surface Autoantibody Targets Zinc Transporter-8 (ZnT8) for In Vivo β-Cell Imaging and Islet-Specific Therapies. Diabetes 2023; 72:184-195. [PMID: 36448936 PMCID: PMC9876881 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease in which autoimmune attacks are directed at the insulin-producing β-cell in the pancreatic islet. Autoantigens on the β-cell surface membrane are specific markers for molecular recognition and targets for engagement by autoreactive B lymphocytes, which produce islet cell surface autoantibody (ICSA) upon activation. We report the cloning of an ICSA (mAb43) that recognizes a major T1D autoantigen, ZnT8, with a subnanomolar binding affinity and conformation specificity. We demonstrate that cell-surface binding of mAb43 protects the extracellular epitope of ZnT8 against immunolabeling by serum ICSA from a patient with T1D. Furthermore, mAb43 exhibits in vitro and ex vivo specificity for islet cells, mirroring the exquisite specificity of islet autoimmunity in T1D. Systemic administration of mAb43 yields a pancreas-specific biodistribution in mice and islet homing of an mAb43-linked imaging payload through the pancreatic vasculature, thereby validating the in vivo specificity of mAb43. Identifying ZnT8 as a major antigenic target of ICSA allows for research into the molecular recognition and engagement of autoreactive B cells in the chronic phase of T1D progression. The in vivo islet specificity of mAb43 could be further exploited to develop in vivo imaging and islet-specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Devi Kasinathan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chengfeng Merriman
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maki Nakayama
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Maria L. Golson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dax Fu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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8
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Yue Y, Nan J, Che Y, Xu H, Sun W, Zhang F, Wang L, Xu W, Niu J, Zhu S, Zhang J, Yang B. Thermal-annealing-regulated plasmonic enhanced fluorescence platform enables accurate detection of antigen/antibody against infectious diseases. NANO RESEARCH 2022; 16:3215-3223. [PMID: 36312893 PMCID: PMC9589690 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plasmonic enhanced fluorescence (PEF) technology is a powerful strategy to improve the sensitivity of immunofluorescence microarrays (IFMA), however, current approaches to constructing PEF platforms are either expensive/time-consuming or reliant on specialized instruments. Here, we develop a completely alternative approach relying on a two-step protocol that includes the self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) at the water-oil interface and subsequent annealing-assisted regulation of gold nanogap. Our optimized thermal-annealing GNPs (TA-GNP) platform generates adequate hot spots, and thus produces high-density electromagnetic coupling, eventually enabling 240-fold fluorescence enhancement of probed dyes in the near-infrared region. For clinical detection of human samples, TA-GNP provides super-high sensitivity and low detection limits for both hepatitis B surface antigen and SARS-CoV-2 binding antibody, coupled with a much-improved detection dynamic range up to six orders of magnitude. With fast detection, high sensitivity, and low detection limit, TA-GNP could not only substantially improve the outcomes of IFMA-based precision medicine but also find applications in fields of proteomic research and clinical pathology. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material (UV-Vis absorption and transmission spectra of GNPs, SEM, microscopy and digital images of PEF platforms, and fluorescence images of IFMA on PEF platforms) is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s12274-022-5035-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Jingjie Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Yuanyuan Che
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Hongqin Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Weihong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Feiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012 China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 China
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Jin C, Wu Z, Molinski JH, Zhou J, Ren Y, Zhang JX. Plasmonic nanosensors for point-of-care biomarker detection. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100263. [PMID: 35514435 PMCID: PMC9062760 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancement of materials along with their fascinating properties play increasingly important role in facilitating the rapid progress in medicine. An excellent example is the recent development of biosensors based on nanomaterials that induce surface plasmon effect for screening biomarkers of various diseases ranging from cancer to Covid-19. The recent global pandemic re-confirmed the trend of real-time diagnosis in public health to be in point-of-care (POC) settings that can screen interested biomarkers at home, or literally anywhere else, at any time. Plasmonic biosensors, thanks to its versatile designs and extraordinary sensitivities, can be scaled into small and portable devices for POC diagnostic tools. In the meantime, efforts are being made to speed up, simplify and lower the cost of the signal readout process including converting the conventional heavy laboratory instruments into lightweight handheld devices. This article reviews the recent progress on the design of plasmonic nanomaterial-based biosensors for biomarker detection with a perspective of POC applications. After briefly introducing the plasmonic detection working mechanisms and devices, the selected highlights in the field focusing on the technology's design including nanomaterials development, structure assembly, and target applications are presented and analyzed. In parallel, discussions on the sensor's current or potential applicability in POC diagnosis are provided. Finally, challenges and opportunities in plasmonic biosensor for biomarker detection, such as the current Covid-19 pandemic and its testing using plasmonic biosensor and incorporation of machine learning algorithms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junhu Zhou
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
| | - Yundong Ren
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, NH, USA
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Zhou Z, Sun B, Yu D, Zhu C. Gut Microbiota: An Important Player in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:834485. [PMID: 35242721 PMCID: PMC8886906 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.834485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the common metabolic diseases in the world. Due to the rise in morbidity and mortality, it has become a global health problem. To date, T2DM still cannot be cured, and its intervention measures mainly focus on glucose control as well as the prevention and treatment of related complications. Interestingly, the gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of metabolic diseases, especially T2DM. In this review, we introduce the characteristics of the gut microbiota in T2DM population, T2DM animal models, and diabetic complications. In addition, we describe the molecular mechanisms linking host and the gut microbiota in T2DM, including the host molecules that induce gut microbiota dysbiosis, immune and inflammatory responses, and gut microbial metabolites involved in pathogenesis. These findings suggest that we can treat T2DM and its complications by remodeling the gut microbiota through interventions such as drugs, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institution of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Yu, ; Chunsheng Zhu,
| | - Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongsheng Yu, ; Chunsheng Zhu,
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11
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Fakhfakh R, Kmiha S, Tahri S, Feki S, Zouidi F, Abida O, Hachicha M, Kammoun T, Masmoudi H. Autoantibodies to Zinc Transporter 8 and SLC30A8 Genotype in Type 1 Diabetes Childhood: A Pioneering Study in North Africa. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:2539871. [PMID: 35656360 PMCID: PMC9152414 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2539871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs as a result of insulin deficiency due to destructive lesions of pancreatic β cells. In addition to classical autoantibodies (Abs) to islet cell antigens, antizinc transporter 8 Abs (ZnT8-Ab) have been recently described in T1D. OBJECTIVE As no data on ZnT8-Ab in Tunisian patients has been reported, we aim to evaluate the relationships between ZnT8-Ab, ZnT8 coding gene (SLC30A8) promoter polymorphism, and T1D risk in newly diagnosed children. METHODS ZnT8-Ab were measured in the serum of T1D newly affected children (n = 156) who were admitted to the pediatric department of the Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax. Rs13266634 was genotyped in T1D children and 79 of their first-degree parents. The SPSS software was used to analyze the serological data. Allelic association analysis was conducted with family-based association tests implemented in the FBAT program v1.5.1. RESULTS ZnT8-Ab was detected in 66/156 (42.3%) of T1D newly diagnosed children. Among them, 6 (9%) presented ZnT8-Ab as the only humoral marker. The inclusion of ZnT8-Ab increased the number of Ab-positive patients to 90% and reduced the negative ones by 27%. There was no evidence of any overtransmission of any allele of the rs13266634 C/T polymorphism from parents to affected T1D children, nor of any correlation with any clinical or serological parameter. After the T1D disease onset age adjustment, a significant association was observed with the C allele suggesting that it could have a susceptibility role. CONCLUSION ZnT8-Ab appears as a relevant diagnostic marker for T1D in Tunisian children, especially at the onset of the disease as teenagers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raouia Fakhfakh
- Autoimmunity, Cancer, And Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sana Kmiha
- Pediatrics Department, University Hospital Hedi Chaker of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Safa Tahri
- Autoimmunity, Cancer, And Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sawsan Feki
- Autoimmunity, Cancer, And Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ferjeni Zouidi
- Autoimmunity, Cancer, And Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Abida
- Autoimmunity, Cancer, And Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mongia Hachicha
- Pediatrics Department, University Hospital Hedi Chaker of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Thouraya Kammoun
- Pediatrics Department, University Hospital Hedi Chaker of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Masmoudi
- Autoimmunity, Cancer, And Immunogenetics Research Laboratory, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba of Sfax, Tunisia
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Gu Y, Merriman C, Guo Z, Jia X, Wenzlau J, Li H, Li H, Rewers M, Yu L, Fu D. Novel autoantibodies to the β-cell surface epitopes of ZnT8 in patients progressing to type-1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2021; 122:102677. [PMID: 34130115 PMCID: PMC9029399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets. Seroconversions to islet autoantibodies (IAbs) precede the disease onset by many years, but the role of humoral autoimmunity in the disease initiation and progression are unclear. In the present study, we identified a new IAb directed to the extracellular epitopes of ZnT8 (ZnT8ec) in newly diagnosed patients with T1D, and demonstrated immunofluorescence staining of the surface of human β-cells by autoantibodies to ZnT8ec (ZnT8ecA). With the assay specificity set on 99th percentile of 336 healthy controls, the ZnT8ecA positivity rate was 23.6% (74/313) in patients with T1D. Moreover, 30 children in a longitudinal follow up of clinical T1D development were selected for sequential expression of four major IAbs (IAA, GADA, IA-2A and ZnT8icA). Among them, 10 children were ZnT8ecA positive. Remarkably, ZnT8ecA was the earliest IAb to appear in all 10 children. The identification of ZnT8ec as a cell surface target of humoral autoimmunity in the earliest phase of IAb responses opens a new avenue of investigation into the role of IAbs in the development of β-cell autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chengfeng Merriman
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Janet Wenzlau
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Liping Yu
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Dax Fu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Wang Y, Wang C, Li K, Song X, Yan X, Yu L, He Z. Recent advances of nanomedicine-based strategies in diabetes and complications management: Diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics. J Control Release 2021; 330:618-640. [PMID: 33417985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia driven by insulin deficiency or resistance, imposing a significant global burden affecting 463 million people worldwide in 2019. This review has comprehensively summarized the application of nanomedicine with accurate, patient-friendly, real-time properties in the field of diabetes diagnosis and monitoring, and emphatically discussed the unique potential of various nanomedicine carriers (e.g., polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, microparticles, microneedles, etc.) in the management of diabetes and complications. Novel delivery systems have been developed with improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, excellent drug biodistribution, biocompatibility, and therapeutic efficacy, long-term action safety, as well as the improved production methods. Furthermore, the effective nanomedicine for the treatment of several major diabetic complications with significantly improved life qualities of diabetic patients were discussed in detail. Going through the literature review, several critical issues of the nanomedicine-based strategies applications need to be addressed such as stabilities and long-term safety effects in vivo, the deficiency of standard for formulation administration, feasibility of scale-up, etc. Overall, the review provides an insight into the design, advantages and limitations of novel nanomedicine application in the diagnostics, monitoring, and therapeutics of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Keyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China.
| | - Zhiyu He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China.
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Bhatty A, Rubab Z, Jafri HSMO, Zano S. Identification of dysregulated pathways through <i>SLC30A8</i> protein interaction in type 1 diabetes mellitus. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2021023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
<abstract><sec>
<title>Objective</title>
<p>The aim of the current study was to explore the gene enrichment and dysregulated pathways on the basis of interaction network analysis of <italic>SLC30A8</italic> in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). <italic>SLC30A8</italic> polymorphism could be characterized as a beneficial tool to identify the interacting gene in developing T1DM.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Materials and methods</title>
<p><italic>SLC30A8</italic> interacting protein interaction network was obtained by String Interaction network Version 11.0. Ten proteins were identified interacting with <italic>SLC30A8</italic> and were analysed by protein-protein interaction and enrichment network analysis along with Functional Enrichment analysis tool (FunRich 3.1.3) to map the gene data sets. In entire analysis, FunRich database was used as background against all annotated gene/protein list. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) and enrichment network analysis of the selected protein: <italic>SLC30A8</italic> gene along with gene mapping and pathway enrichment were performed using FunRich 3.1.3 and String Interaction network Version 11.0.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Biological pathway grouping displayed enriched proteins in TRAIL signalling pathway (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001). <italic>PTPRN, GAD2</italic> and <italic>TCF7L2</italic> were enriched in TRAIL Signalling pathway when <italic>INS</italic> was made focused gene and directly interacting with <italic>SLC30A8</italic>.</p>
</sec><sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>TRAIL signalling pathways were enriched in T1DM. Therefore, <italic>SLC30A8</italic> along with <italic>PTPRN, GAD2</italic> and <italic>TCF7L2</italic> involved in TRAIL pathway must be further explored to understand their in vivo role in T1DM.</p>
</sec></abstract>
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16
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Gurzov EN, Ke PC, Ahlgren U, Garcia Ribeiro RS, Gotthardt M. Novel Strategies to Protect and Visualize Pancreatic β Cells in Diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:905-917. [PMID: 33160815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A common feature in the pathophysiology of different types of diabetes is the reduction of β cell mass and/or impairment of β cell function. Diagnosis and treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is currently hampered by a lack of reliable techniques to restore β cell survival, to improve insulin secretion, and to quantify β cell mass in patients. Current new approaches may allow us to precisely and specifically visualize β cells in vivo and provide viable therapeutic strategies to preserve, recover, and regenerate β cells. In this review, we discuss recent protective approaches for β cells and the advantages and limitations of current imaging probes in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban N Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ulf Ahlgren
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå S-90187, Sweden
| | - Rita S Garcia Ribeiro
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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Chin LK, Son T, Hong JS, Liu AQ, Skog J, Castro CM, Weissleder R, Lee H, Im H. Plasmonic Sensors for Extracellular Vesicle Analysis: From Scientific Development to Translational Research. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14528-14548. [PMID: 33119256 PMCID: PMC8423498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), actively shed from a variety of neoplastic and host cells, are abundant in blood and carry molecular markers from parental cells. For these reasons, EVs have gained much interest as biomarkers of disease. Among a number of different analytical methods that have been developed, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) stands out as one of the ideal techniques given its sensitivity, robustness, and ability to miniaturize. In this Review, we compare different SPR platforms for EV analysis, including conventional SPR, nanoplasmonic sensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and plasmonic-enhanced fluorescence. We discuss different surface chemistries used to capture targeted EVs and molecularly profile their proteins and RNAs. We also highlight these plasmonic platforms' clinical applications, including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of plasmonic sensing for EVs and their potentials for commercialization and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lip Ket Chin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Taehwang Son
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jae-Sang Hong
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Johan Skog
- Exosome Diagnostics, a Bio-techne brand, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Cesar M. Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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18
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Xu W, Wang L, Zhang R, Sun X, Huang L, Su H, Wei X, Chen CC, Lou J, Dai H, Qian K. Diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial infarction on a plasmonic chip. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1654. [PMID: 32245966 PMCID: PMC7125217 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases lead to 31.5% of deaths globally, and particularly myocardial infarction (MI) results in 7.4 million deaths per year. Diagnosis of MI and monitoring for prognostic use are critical for clinical management and biomedical research, which require advanced tools with accuracy and speed. Herein, we developed a plasmonic gold nano-island (pGold) chip assay for diagnosis and monitoring of MI. On-chip microarray analysis of serum biomarkers (e.g., cardiac troponin I) afforded up to 130-fold enhancement of near-infrared fluorescence for ultra-sensitive and quantitative detection within controlled periods, using 10 μL of serum only. The pGold chip assay achieved MI diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 95.54%, superior to the standard chemiluminescence immunoassay in cardiovascular clinics. Further, we monitored biomarker concentrations regarding percutaneous coronary intervention for prognostic purpose. Our work demonstrated a designed approach using plasmonic materials for enhanced diagnosis and monitoring for prognostic use towards point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xuming Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haiyang Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Jiatao Lou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kun Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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19
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Bhatty A, Baig S, Fawwad A, Rubab ZE, Shahid MA, Waris N. Association of Zinc Transporter-8 Autoantibody (ZnT8A) with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2020; 12:e7263. [PMID: 32292675 PMCID: PMC7153815 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A), discovered through bioinformatics, is identified as another major biomarker for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), expanding the panel of diagnostic autoantibodies. The absence of standard autoantibodies in T1DM patients and the presence of ZnT8A in individuals before disease development has led the researchers to evaluate ZnT8A to gather information about the frequency and its association. Therefore, we aim to find out the concentration of ZnT8A and its association with T1DM. METHODS A case-control study with 25 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients and 25 first-degree relatives of cases as controls was conducted at Ziauddin University in collaboration with the Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), Karachi. Demographic data were collected from patients on a standard questionnaire. Blood samples were collected, after approval from Ziauddin Ethics Review Committee, from subjects and serum was separated to estimate ZnT8A by using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The mean age at diagnosis of T1DM patients was 13.40±5.05 years, and the duration of diabetes was 7.74±5.85 years. The frequency of ZnT8A was found higher in cases (19 (76%)) compared to controls (6 (24%)). ZnT8A concentrations were significantly higher in cases (13.82 ng/ml) compared to the controls (8.78 ng/ml; p= 0.024). The cut-off value of 9 ng/ml was selected for measuring sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, which were determined as 76%, 76%, and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ZnT8A was found significantly associated with T1DM. Subjects with ZnT8A values ≥ 9 ng/ml are 10 times more at risk to develop T1DM (p = 0.000).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeeda Baig
- Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Asher Fawwad
- Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Zil E Rubab
- Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Nazish Waris
- Research, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Karachi, PAK
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20
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Ullah R, Shehzad A, Shah MA, March MD, Ismat F, Iqbal M, Onesti S, Rahman M, McPherson MJ. C-Terminal Domain of the Human Zinc Transporter hZnT8 Is Structurally Indistinguishable from Its Disease Risk Variant (R325W). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030926. [PMID: 32023808 PMCID: PMC7037036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human zinc transporter 8 (hZnT8) plays important roles in the storage of insulin in the secretory vesicles of pancreatic β cells. hZnT8 consists of a transmembrane domain, with its N- and C-termini protruding into the cytoplasm. Interestingly, the exchange of arginine to tryptophan at position 325 in the C-terminal domain (CTD) increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). In the present study, the CTDs of hZnT8 (the wild-type (WT) and its disease risk variant (R325W)) were expressed, purified, and characterized in their native forms by biophysical techniques. The data reveal that the CTDs form tetramers which are stabilized by zinc binding, and exhibit negligible differences in their secondary structure content and zinc-binding affinities in solution. These findings provide the basis for conducting further structural studies aimed at unravelling the molecular mechanism underlying the increased susceptibility to develop T2D, which is modulated by the disease risk variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheem Ullah
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan; (R.U.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.); (F.I.); (M.I.)
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan; (R.U.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.); (F.I.); (M.I.)
| | - Majid Ali Shah
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan; (R.U.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.); (F.I.); (M.I.)
| | - Matteo De March
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Fouzia Ismat
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan; (R.U.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.); (F.I.); (M.I.)
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan; (R.U.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.); (F.I.); (M.I.)
| | - Silvia Onesti
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.D.M.); (S.O.)
| | - Moazur Rahman
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan; (R.U.); (A.S.); (M.A.S.); (F.I.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (M.J.M.); Tel.: +92-41-920-1407 (M.R.); +44-113-343-2595 (M.J.M.)
| | - Michael J. McPherson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (M.J.M.); Tel.: +92-41-920-1407 (M.R.); +44-113-343-2595 (M.J.M.)
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Williams CL, Long AE. What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes? Diabetologia 2019; 62:1969-1976. [PMID: 31444530 PMCID: PMC6805822 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04975-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), a protein highly specific to pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, is vital for the biosynthesis and secretion of insulin. ZnT8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A) are among the most recently discovered and least-characterised islet autoantibodies. In combination with autoantibodies to several other islet antigens, including insulin, ZnT8A help predict risk of future type 1 diabetes. Often, ZnT8A appear later in the pathogenic process leading to type 1 diabetes, suggesting that the antigen is recognised as part of the spreading, rather than the initial, autoimmune response. The development of autoantibodies to different forms of ZnT8 depends on the genotype of an individual for a polymorphic ZnT8 residue. This genetic variant is associated with susceptibility to type 2 but not type 1 diabetes. Levels of ZnT8A often fall rapidly after diagnosis while other islet autoantibodies can persist for many years. In this review, we consider the contribution made by ZnT8 to our understanding of type 1 diabetes over the past decade and what remains to be investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Williams
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 2, Learning and Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Anna E Long
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Level 2, Learning and Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
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Merriman C, Fu D. Down-regulation of the islet-specific zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) protects human insulinoma cells against inflammatory stress. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:16992-17006. [PMID: 31591269 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) primarily functions as a zinc-sequestrating transporter in the insulin-secretory granules (ISGs) of pancreatic β-cells. Loss-of-function mutations in ZnT8 are associated with protection against type-2 diabetes (T2D), but the protective mechanism is unclear. Here, we developed an in-cell ZnT8 assay to track endogenous ZnT8 responses to metabolic and inflammatory stresses applied to human insulinoma EndoC-βH1 cells. Unexpectedly, high glucose and free fatty acids did not alter cellular ZnT8 levels, but proinflammatory cytokines acutely, reversibly, and gradually down-regulated ZnT8. Approximately 50% of the cellular ZnT8 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which was the primary target of the cytokine-mediated ZnT8 down-regulation. Transcriptome profiling of cytokine-exposed β-cells revealed an adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) including a marked immunoproteasome activation that coordinately degraded ZnT8 and insulin over a 1,000-fold cytokine concentration range. RNAi-mediated ZnT8 knockdown protected cells against cytokine cytotoxicity, whereas inhibiting immunoproteasomes blocked cytokine-induced ZnT8 degradation and triggered a transition of the adaptive UPR to cell apoptosis. Hence, cytokine-induced down-regulation of the ER ZnT8 level promotes adaptive UPR, acting as a protective mechanism that decongests the ER burden of ZnT8 to protect β-cells from proapoptotic UPR during chronic low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Merriman
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Dax Fu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Wei W, Ehlerding EB, Lan X, Luo QY, Cai W. Molecular imaging of β-cells: diabetes and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:16-31. [PMID: 31378283 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Since diabetes is becoming a global epidemic, there is a great need to develop early β-cell specific diagnostic techniques for this disorder. There are two types of diabetes (i.e., type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). In T1DM, the destruction of pancreatic β-cells leads to reduced insulin production or even absolute insulin deficiency, which consequently results in hyperglycemia. Actually, a central issue in the pathophysiology of all types of diabetes is the relative reduction of β-cell mass (BCM) and/or impairment of the function of individual β-cells. In the past two decades, scientists have been trying to develop imaging techniques for noninvasive measurement of the viability and mass of pancreatic β-cells. Despite intense scientific efforts, only two tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and one contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are currently under clinical evaluation. β-cell specific imaging probes may also allow us to precisely and specifically visualize transplanted β-cells and to improve transplantation outcomes, as transplantation of pancreatic islets has shown promise in treating T1DM. In addition, some of these probes can be applied to the preoperative detection of hidden insulinomas as well. In the present review, we primarily summarize potential tracers under development for imaging β-cells with a focus on tracers for PET, SPECT, MRI, and optical imaging. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of the various imaging probes and extend an outlook on future developments in the field.
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Huang Q, Du J, Merriman C, Gong Z. Genetic, Functional, and Immunological Study of ZnT8 in Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:1524905. [PMID: 30936916 PMCID: PMC6413397 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1524905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc level in the body is finely regulated to maintain cellular function. Dysregulation of zinc metabolism may induce a variety of diseases, e.g., diabetes. Zinc participates in insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion by functioning as a "cellular second messenger" in the insulin signaling pathway and glucose homeostasis. The highest zinc concentration is in the pancreas islets. Zinc accumulation in cell granules is manipulated by ZnT8, a zinc transporter expressed predominately in pancreatic α and β cells. A common ZnT8 gene (SLC30A8) polymorphism increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and rare mutations may present protective effects. In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), autoantibodies show specificity for binding two variants of ZnT8 (R or W at amino acid 325) dictated by a polymorphism in SLC30A8. In this review, we summarize the structure, feature, functions, and polymorphisms of ZnT8 along with its association with diabetes and explore future study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Chengfeng Merriman
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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Wang W, Ma Z, Zhu S, Wan H, Yue J, Ma H, Ma R, Yang Q, Wang Z, Li Q, Qian Y, Yue C, Wang Y, Fan L, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Gao H, Ruan J, Zhiyuan H, Liang Y, Hongjie D. Molecular Cancer Imaging in the Second Near-Infrared Window Using a Renal-Excreted NIR-II Fluorophore-Peptide Probe. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800106. [PMID: 29682821 PMCID: PMC6485425 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In vivo molecular imaging of tumors targeting a specific cancer cell marker is a promising strategy for cancer diagnosis and imaging guided surgery and therapy. While targeted imaging often relies on antibody-modified probes, peptides can afford targeting probes with small sizes, high penetrating ability, and rapid excretion. Recently, in vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) shows promise in reaching sub-centimeter depth with microscale resolution. Here, a novel peptide (named CP) conjugated NIR-II fluorescent probe is reported for molecular tumor imaging targeting a tumor stem cell biomarker CD133. The click chemistry derived peptide-dye (CP-IRT dye) probe afforded efficient in vivo tumor targeting in mice with a high tumor-to-normal tissue signal ratio (T/NT > 8). Importantly, the CP-IRT probes are rapidly renal excreted (≈87% excretion within 6 h), in stark contrast to accumulation in the liver for typical antibody-dye probes. Further, with NIR-II emitting CP-IRT probes, urethra of mice can be imaged fluorescently for the first time noninvasively through intact tissue. The NIR-II fluorescent, CD133 targeting imaging probes are potentially useful for human use in the clinic for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jingying Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Huilong Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qinglai Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zihua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yixia Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunyan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Linyang Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yeteng Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hongpeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Junshan Ruan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hu Zhiyuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dai Hongjie
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Merriman C, Huang Q, Gu W, Yu L, Fu D. A subclass of serum anti-ZnT8 antibodies directed to the surface of live pancreatic β-cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:579-587. [PMID: 29184000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The islet-specific zinc transporter ZnT8 is a major self-antigen found in insulin granules of pancreatic β-cells. Frequent insulin secretion exposes ZnT8 to the cell surface, but the humoral antigenicity of the surface-displayed ZnT8 remains unknown. Here we show that a membrane-embedded human ZnT8 antigen triggered a vigorous immune response in ZnT8 knock-out mice. Approximately 50% of serum immunoreactivities toward ZnT8 were mapped to its transmembrane domain that is accessible to extracellular ZnT8 antibody (ZnT8A). ZnT8A binding was detected on live rat insulinoma INS-1E cells, and the binding specificity was validated by a CRISPR/Cas9 mediated ZnT8 knock-out. Applying established ZnT8A assays to purified serum antibodies from patients with type 1 diabetes, we detected human ZnT8A bound to live INS-1E cells, whereas a ZnT8 knock-out specifically reduced the surface binding. Our results demonstrate that ZnT8 is a cell surface self-antigen, raising the possibility of a direct involvement in antibody-mediated β-cell dysfunction and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Merriman
- From the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Qiong Huang
- From the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Wei Gu
- the Section of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, and
| | - Liping Yu
- the Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Dax Fu
- From the Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205,
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