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Bourret A, Leung C, Puncher GN, Le Corre N, Deslauriers D, Skanes K, Bourdages H, Cassista-Da Ros M, Walkusz W, Jeffery NW, Stanley RRE, Parent GJ. Diving into broad-scale and high-resolution population genomics to decipher drivers of structure and climatic vulnerability in a marine invertebrate. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17448. [PMID: 38946210 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Species with widespread distributions play a crucial role in our understanding of climate change impacts on population structure. In marine species, population structure is often governed by both high connectivity potential and selection across strong environmental gradients. Despite the complexity of factors influencing marine populations, studying species with broad distribution can provide valuable insights into the relative importance of these factors and the consequences of climate-induced alterations across environmental gradients. We used the northern shrimp Pandalus borealis and its wide latitudinal distribution to identify current drivers of population structure and predict the species' vulnerability to climate change. A total of 1514 individuals sampled across 24° latitude were genotyped at high geographic (54 stations) and genetic (14,331 SNPs) resolutions to assess genetic variation and environmental correlations. Four populations were identified in addition to finer substructure associated with local adaptation. Geographic patterns of neutral population structure reflected predominant oceanographic currents, while a significant proportion of the genetic variation was associated with gradients in salinity and temperature. Adaptive landscapes generated using climate projections suggest a larger genomic offset in the southern extent of the P. borealis range, where shrimp had the largest adaptive standing genetic variation. Our genomic results combined with recent observations point to further deterioration in southern regions and an impending vulnerable status in the regions at higher latitudes for P. borealis. They also provide rare insights into the drivers of population structure and climatic vulnerability of a widespread meroplanktonic species, which is crucial to understanding future challenges associated with invertebrates essential to ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bourret
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christelle Leung
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregory N Puncher
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nicolas Le Corre
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - David Deslauriers
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katherine Skanes
- Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Hugo Bourdages
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manon Cassista-Da Ros
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wojciech Walkusz
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nicholas W Jeffery
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Ryan R E Stanley
- Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Geneviève J Parent
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Luan J, Li S, Liu S, Wang Y, Ding L, Lu H, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhou W, Han S, Zhang Y, Hättenschwiler S. Biodiversity mitigates drought effects in the decomposer system across biomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313334121. [PMID: 38498717 PMCID: PMC10990129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313334121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple facets of global change affect the earth system interactively, with complex consequences for ecosystem functioning and stability. Simultaneous climate and biodiversity change are of particular concern, because biodiversity may contribute to ecosystem resistance and resilience and may mitigate climate change impacts. Yet, the extent and generality of how climate and biodiversity change interact remain insufficiently understood, especially for the decomposition of organic matter, a major determinant of the biosphere-atmosphere carbon feedbacks. With an inter-biome field experiment using large rainfall exclusion facilities, we tested how drought, a common prediction of climate change models for many parts of the world, and biodiversity in the decomposer system drive decomposition in forest ecosystems interactively. Decomposing leaf litter lost less carbon (C) and especially nitrogen (N) in five different forest biomes following partial rainfall exclusion compared to conditions without rainfall exclusion. An increasing complexity of the decomposer community alleviated drought effects, with full compensation when large-bodied invertebrates were present. Leaf litter mixing increased diversity effects, with increasing litter species richness, which contributed to counteracting drought effects on C and N loss, although to a much smaller degree than decomposer community complexity. Our results show at a relevant spatial scale covering distinct climate zones that both, the diversity of decomposer communities and plant litter in forest floors have a strong potential to mitigate drought effects on C and N dynamics during decomposition. Preserving biodiversity at multiple trophic levels contributes to ecosystem resistance and appears critical to maintain ecosystem processes under ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Luan
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya572022, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Li
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya572022, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Ding
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing100091, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai519087, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang532600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan666303, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan666303, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34293, France
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3
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Durant JM, Holt RE, Ono K, Langangen Ø. Predatory walls may impair climate warming-associated population expansion. Ecology 2023; 104:e4130. [PMID: 37342068 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has a profound impact on species distribution and abundance globally, as well as local diversity, which affects ecosystem functioning. In particular, changes in population distribution and abundance may lead to changes in trophic interactions. Although species can often shift their spatial distribution when suitable habitats are available, it has been suggested that predator presence can be a constraint on climate-related distribution shifts. We test this using two well-studied and data-rich marine environments. Focusing on a pair of sympatric fishes, Atlantic haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and cod Gadus morhua, we study the effect of the presence and abundance of the latter on the former distribution. We found that the distribution of cod and increased abundance may limit the expansion of haddock to new areas and could consequently buffer ecosystem changes due to climate change. Though marine species may track the rate and direction of climate shifts, our results demonstrate that the presence of predators may limit their expansion to thermally suitable habitats. By integrating climatic and ecological data at scales that can resolve predator-prey relationships, this analysis demonstrates the usefulness of considering trophic interactions to gain a more comprehensive understanding and to mitigate the effects of climate change on species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël M Durant
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rebecca E Holt
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kotaro Ono
- Institute for Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Langangen
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology (AQUA), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Impact of Land Transition on Landscape and Ecosystem Service Value in Northeast Region of China from 2000–2020. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11050696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Drastic land pattern change has taken place in the northeast region of China, which may have a significant impact on landscape and ecosystem service. Up to now, insufficient renewal of land use patterns may limit the latest assessment of landscape transition and ecosystem service value. Meanwhile, the adaptive ecosystem service value improvement method should be established. To solve this issue, the integrated methodology of land-use change monitoring—landscape analysis—the promoted ecosystem service measurement is established. Results show that: (1) New evidence is observed that the cultivated land in Northeast China has been reduced, with 309,610.33 km2 in 2010 and 309,417.52 km2 in 2020, showing a net change area of −192.82 km2. This is the opposite of the increase of cultivated land compared to the past. (2) Shannon’s diversity index displays an upward trend, with the richer landscape types and higher fragmentation in the whole region. In addition, the contagion index reduced, with a total decrease of 1.93, indicating that the patches distribute intermittently and the agglomeration degree of these patches is weakened. (3) More precise ecosystem service value is assessed, from 2868.39 billion yuan in 2000 to 2814.06 billion yuan in 2020, and the hydrological regulation, climate regulation, and soil conservation play a dominant role in these functions in 2020. The spatial pattern of ecosystem service value is high-rank in the Northwest and Southeast, and low-rank in other directions. This study provides the new results on land change and landscape pattern and creates an improved ecosystem service value assessment method in Northeast China, to provide a more suitable ecosystem assessment application for Northeast China.
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5
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Semeraro S, Kergunteuil A, Moreno SS, Puissant J, Goodall T, Griffiths R, Rasmann S. Relative contribution of high and low elevation soil microbes and nematodes to ecosystem functioning. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Semeraro
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Rue Emile‐Argand 11 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | | | - Sara Sánchez Moreno
- Department of the Environment and Agronomy National Centre Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology INIA‐CSIC 28040 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Tim Goodall
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Wallingford UK
| | | | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel Rue Emile‐Argand 11 2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
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6
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Ren G, Yang B, Cui M, Yu H, Fan X, Dai Z, Sun J, Li G, Zhang H, Du D. Additive effects of warming and nitrogen addition on the performance and competitiveness of invasive Solidago canadensis L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1017554. [PMID: 36407577 PMCID: PMC9671518 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Changes in temperature and nitrogen (N) deposition determine the growth and competitive dominance of both invasive and native plants. However, a paucity of experimental evidence limits understanding of how these changes influence plant invasion. Therefore, we conducted a greenhouse experiment in which invasive Solidago canadensis L. was planted in mixed culture with native Artemisia argyi Levl. et Van under combined conditions of warming and N addition. Our results show that due to the strong positive effect of nitrogen addition, the temperature increases and nitrogen deposition interaction resulted in greatly enhanced species performance. Most of the relative change ratios (RCR) of phenotypic traits differences between S. canadensis and A. argyi occur in the low invasion stage, and six of eight traits had higher RCR in response to N addition and/or warming in native A. argyi than in invasive S. canadensis. Our results also demonstrate that the effects of the warming and nitrogen interaction on growth-related traits and competitiveness of S. canadensis and A. argyi were usually additive rather than synergistic or antagonistic. This conclusion suggests that the impact of warming and nitrogen deposition on S. canadensis can be inferred from single factor studies. Further, environmental changes did not modify the competitive relationship between invasive S. canadensis and native A. argyi but the relative yield of S. canadensis was significantly greater than A. argyi. This finding indicated that we can rule out the influence of environmental changes such as N addition and warming which makes S. canadensis successfully invade new habitats through competition. Correlation analysis showed that invasive S. canadensis may be more inclined to mobilize various characteristics to strengthen competition during the invasion process, which will facilitate S. canadensis becoming the superior competitor in S. canadensis-A. argyi interactions. These findings contribute to our understanding of the spreading of invasive plants such as S. canadensis under climate change and help identify potential precautionary measures that could prevent biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqian Ren
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Cui
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haochen Yu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xue Fan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhicong Dai
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianfan Sun
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Inspection and Testing Certification, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou, China
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Academy of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Daolin Du,
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7
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Wu J, Li M, Zhang X, Fiedler S, Gao Q, Zhou Y, Cao W, Hassan W, Mărgărint MC, Tarolli P, Tietjen B. Disentangling climatic and anthropogenic contributions to nonlinear dynamics of alpine grassland productivity on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 281:111875. [PMID: 33378737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and human activities. Climate warming and overgrazing have already caused degradation in a large fraction of alpine grasslands on this plateau. However, it remains unclear how human activities (mainly livestock grazing) regulates vegetation dynamics under climate change. Here, alpine grassland productivity (substituted with the normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) is hypothesized to vary in a nonlinear trajectory to follow climate fluctuations and human disturbances. With generalized additive mixed modelling (GAMM) and residual-trend (RESTREND) analysis together, both magnitude and direction of climatic (in terms of temperature, precipitation, and radiation) and anthropogenic impacts on NDVI variation were examined across alpine meadows, steppes, and desert-steppes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The results revealed that accelerating warming and greening, respectively, took place in 76.2% and 78.8% of alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The relative importance of temperature, precipitation, and radiation impacts was comparable, between 20.4% and 24.8%, and combined to explain 66.2% of NDVI variance at the pixel scale. The human influence was strengthening and weakening, respectively, in 15.5% and 14.3% of grassland pixels, being slightly larger than any sole climatic variable across the entire plateau. Anthropogenic and climatic factors can be in opposite ways to affect alpine grasslands, even within the same grassland type, likely regulated by plant community assembly and species functional traits. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms of how plant functional diversity regulates nonlinear ecosystem response to climatic and anthropogenic stresses should be carefully explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Wu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China; Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Theoretical Ecology, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Meng Li
- Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, 226007, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianzhou Zhang
- Lhasa National Ecological Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Theoretical Ecology, 14195, Berlin, Germany; University Bayreuth, Department of Ecological Modelling, 95448, Bayreuth, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Department of Geography, Oklahoma State University, OK, 74078, Stillwater, USA
| | - Wenfang Cao
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China; Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint
- Department of Geography, Geography and Geology Faculty, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, 700505, RO, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Paolo Tarolli
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Britta Tietjen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Biology, Theoretical Ecology, 14195, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Quintela M, Kvamme C, Bekkevold D, Nash RDM, Jansson E, Sørvik AG, Taggart JB, Skaala Ø, Dahle G, Glover KA. Genetic analysis redraws the management boundaries for the European sprat. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1906-1922. [PMID: 32908594 PMCID: PMC7463317 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable fisheries management requires detailed knowledge of population genetic structure. The European sprat is an important commercial fish distributed from Morocco to the Arctic circle, Baltic, Mediterranean, and Black seas. Prior to 2018, annual catch advice on sprat from the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) was based on five putative stocks: (a) North Sea, (b) Kattegat-Skagerrak and Norwegian fjords, (c) Baltic Sea, (d) West of Scotland-southern Celtic Seas, and (e) English Channel. However, there were concerns that the sprat advice on stock size estimates management plan inadequately reflected the underlying biological units. Here, we used ddRAD sequencing to develop 91 SNPs that were thereafter used to genotype approximately 2,500 fish from 40 locations. Three highly distinct and relatively homogenous genetic groups were identified: (a) Norwegian fjords; (b) Northeast Atlantic including the North Sea, Kattegat-Skagerrak, Celtic Sea, and Bay of Biscay; and (c) Baltic Sea. Evidence of genetic admixture and possibly physical mixing was detected in samples collected from the transition zone between the North and Baltic seas, but not between any of the other groups. These results have already been implemented by ICES with the decision to merge the North Sea and the Kattegat-Skagerrak sprat to be assessed as a single unit, thus demonstrating that genetic data can be rapidly absorbed to align harvest regimes and biological units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dorte Bekkevold
- DTU-Aqua National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Silkeborg Denmark
| | | | | | | | - John B Taggart
- Institute of Aquaculture School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling UK
| | | | - Geir Dahle
- Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway
| | - Kevin A Glover
- Institute of Marine Research Bergen Norway
- Institute of Biology University of Bergen Bergen Norway
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The creation of "Ecosystem Core" hypothesis to explain ecosystem evolution. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:33. [PMID: 31492142 PMCID: PMC6728980 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humans have dramatically changed natural ecosystems around the world as their capacity to manage their environment for multiple uses has evolved in step with agricultural, industrial and green revolutions. Numerous natural ecosystems have been replaced by various artificial or semi-artificial ecosystems, the ecosystem has changed. To a certain extent, this is ecosystem evolution. So far, there is no definite ecological theory about the mechanism for evolution of an ecosystem. Even though the discipline of community ecology has a relatively comprehensive and well-described theory of succession, at the different ecological research levels, is it the same mechanism for the community succession and ecosystem evolution? What is the factor that drives ecosystem evolution? Results This paper puts forward the “Ecosystem Core” hypothesis to scientifically address the above problems. We define abiotic component of ecosystem as “Ecosystem Core” or “Resource Core”, which provides the foundation (matter and energy) for the existence and progress of organisms and should be the nucleus of an ecosystem. In this paper, we explain the basic meaning of this hypothesis, review its theoretical foundation, and provide a demonstration (based on emergy theory, which is an accounting tool that considers both the environmental and economic inputs that are directly or indirectly required by a process to generate a product and it measures real wealth, independent of financial considerations) of the hypothesis, and discuss the mechanism of ecosystem evolution. The “Ecosystem Core” hypothesis reveals the quantitative relationship between the energy input and ecosystem evolution. Conclusions The input of artificial auxiliary energy is the direct cause of ecosystem evolution. Different combinations of natural and purchased emergy are coupled to maintain the same ecosystem under the different environmental conditions. When artificial energy enters the ecosystem, its role is similar to that of the microscopic particles that collide with the nucleus in the nuclear reaction, and after mutual reaction, the atom will form a new atomic structure, and for the ecosystem, a new form of resource composition and energy action will appear, and the corresponding species of life will change, then ecosystem complete its evolution.
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10
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Pellissier L, Rasmann S. The functional decoupling of processes in alpine ecosystems under climate change. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 29:126-132. [PMID: 30551819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may promote the decoupling of the different above-ground and below-ground compartments of high elevation ecosystems. Along elevation gradients, a trade-off between species tolerance to cold climates and metabolic rates dictates that cold adapted organisms display a lower efficiency in decomposition, growth or herbivory. As a consequence, if dispersal or evolution under climate change is systematically faster for agents of one compartment (e.g. insect herbivores, or soil microbes, respectively) compared to others, novel and more efficient functions will arise in the alpine systems and increase fluxes of elements to and through this compartment. We illustrate this potential decoupling using a mechanistic model, where the efficiency of agents in the compartments follows the metabolic theory. To detect and forecast ecosystem decoupling under climate change, we argue that the current efficiency of agents should be measured systematically along elevation gradients. In addition, future research should investigate the impact of dispersal and evolution in response to climate change on ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Züri ch, Switzerland; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Laboratory of Functional Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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