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Wong D, Martinez J, Quijada P. Exploring the Function of Epicardial Cells Beyond the Surface. Circ Res 2024; 135:353-371. [PMID: 38963865 PMCID: PMC11225799 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.321567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The epicardium, previously viewed as a passive outer layer around the heart, is now recognized as an essential component in development, regeneration, and repair. In this review, we explore the cellular and molecular makeup of the epicardium, highlighting its roles in heart regeneration and repair in zebrafish and salamanders, as well as its activation in young and adult postnatal mammals. We also examine the latest technologies used to study the function of epicardial cells for therapeutic interventions. Analysis of highly regenerative animal models shows that the epicardium is essential in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation, transient fibrosis, and neovascularization. However, despite the epicardium's unique cellular programs to resolve cardiac damage, it remains unclear how to replicate these processes in nonregenerative mammalian organisms. During myocardial infarction, epicardial cells secrete signaling factors that modulate fibrotic, vascular, and inflammatory remodeling, which differentially enhance or inhibit cardiac repair. Recent transcriptomic studies have validated the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of the epicardium across various species and developmental stages, shedding further light on its function under pathological conditions. These studies have also provided insights into the function of regulatory epicardial-derived signaling molecules in various diseases, which could lead to new therapies and advances in reparative cardiovascular medicine. Moreover, insights gained from investigating epicardial cell function have initiated the development of novel techniques, including using human pluripotent stem cells and cardiac organoids to model reparative processes within the cardiovascular system. This growing understanding of epicardial function holds the potential for developing innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at addressing developmental heart disorders, enhancing regenerative therapies, and mitigating cardiovascular disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90029
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90029
| | - Julie Martinez
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90029
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90029
| | - Pearl Quijada
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90029
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90029
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90029
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2
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Lee H, Park W, An G, Park J, Lim W, Song G. Hexaconazole induces developmental toxicities via apoptosis, inflammation, and alterations of Akt and MAPK signaling cascades. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 279:109872. [PMID: 38423198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hexaconazole is a highly effective triazole fungicide that is frequently applied in various countries to elevate crop productivity. Given its long half-life and high water solubility, this fungicide is frequently detected in the environment, including water sources. Moreover, hexaconazole exerts hazardous effects on nontarget organisms. However, little is known about the toxic effects of hexaconazole on animal development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the developmental toxicity of hexaconazole to zebrafish, a valuable animal model for toxicological studies, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that hexaconazole affected the viability and hatching rate of zebrafish at 96 h postfertilization. Hexaconazole-treated zebrafish showed phenotypic defects, such as reduced size of head and eyes and enlarged pericardiac edema. Moreover, hexaconazole induced apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and inflammation in developing zebrafish. Various organ defects, including neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and hepatotoxicity, were observed in transgenic zebrafish models olig2:dsRed, fli1:eGFP, and l-fabp:dsRed. Furthermore, hexaconazole treatment altered the Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, which possibly triggered the organ defects and other toxic mechanisms. This study demonstrated the developmental toxicity of hexaconazole to zebrafish and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyoung Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Arolkar G, Kumar SK, Wang H, Gonzalez KM, Kumar S, Bishnoi B, Rios Coronado PE, Woo YJ, Red-Horse K, Das S. Dedifferentiation and Proliferation of Artery Endothelial Cells Drive Coronary Collateral Development in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1455-1477. [PMID: 37345524 PMCID: PMC10364966 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collateral arteries act as natural bypasses which reroute blood flow to ischemic regions and facilitate tissue regeneration. In an injured heart, neonatal artery endothelial cells orchestrate a systematic series of cellular events, which includes their outward migration, proliferation, and coalescence into fully functional collateral arteries. This process, called artery reassembly, aids complete cardiac regeneration in neonatal hearts but is absent in adults. The reason for this age-dependent disparity in artery cell response is completely unknown. In this study, we investigated if regenerative potential of coronary arteries is dictated by their ability to dedifferentiate. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing of coronary endothelial cells was performed to identify differences in molecular profiles of neonatal and adult endothelial cells in mice. Findings from this in silico analyses were confirmed with in vivo experiments using genetic lineage tracing, whole organ immunostaining, confocal imaging, and cardiac functional assays in mice. RESULTS Upon coronary occlusion, neonates showed a significant increase in actively cycling artery cells and expressed prominent dedifferentiation markers. Data from in silico pathway analyses and in vivo experiments suggested that upon myocardial infarction, cell cycle reentry of preexisting neonatal artery cells, the subsequent collateral artery formation, and recovery of cardiac function are dependent on arterial VegfR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2). This subpopulation of dedifferentiated and proliferating artery cells was absent in nonregenerative postnatal day 7 or adult hearts. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that adult artery endothelial cells fail to drive collateral artery development due to their limited ability to dedifferentiate and proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Arolkar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India (G.A., S.K.K., S.K., B.B., S.D.)
| | - Sneha K. Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India (G.A., S.K.K., S.K., B.B., S.D.)
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.W., Y.J.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Karen M. Gonzalez
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (K.M.G., K.R.-H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Department of Biology (K.M.G., K.R.-H.), Stanford University, CA
| | - Suraj Kumar
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India (G.A., S.K.K., S.K., B.B., S.D.)
| | - Bhavnesh Bishnoi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India (G.A., S.K.K., S.K., B.B., S.D.)
| | | | - Y. Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (H.W., Y.J.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (K.M.G., K.R.-H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Department of Biology (K.M.G., K.R.-H.), Stanford University, CA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD (K.R.-H.)
| | - Soumyashree Das
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India (G.A., S.K.K., S.K., B.B., S.D.)
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Kant RJ, Dwyer KD, Lee JH, Polucha C, Kobayashi M, Pyon S, Soepriatna AH, Lee J, Coulombe KLK. Patterned Arteriole-Scale Vessels Enhance Engraftment, Perfusion, and Vessel Branching Hierarchy of Engineered Human Myocardium for Heart Regeneration. Cells 2023; 12:1698. [PMID: 37443731 PMCID: PMC10340601 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) is rapidly accelerating with large animal and human clinical trials. However, vascularization methods to support the engraftment, survival, and development of implanted CMs in the ischemic environment of the infarcted heart remain a key and timely challenge. To this end, we developed a dual remuscularization-revascularization therapy that is evaluated in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion MI. This study details the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for engineering cardiac tissue containing patterned engineered vessels 400 μm in diameter. Vascularized engineered human myocardial tissues (vEHMs) are cultured in static conditions or perfused in vitro prior to implantation and evaluated after two weeks. Immunohistochemical staining indicates improved engraftment of hiPSC-CMs in in vitro-perfused vEHMs with greater expression of SMA+ vessels and evidence of inosculation. Three-dimensional vascular reconstructions reveal less tortuous and larger intra-implant vessels, as well as an improved branching hierarchy in in vitro-perfused vEHMs relative to non-perfused controls. Exploratory RNA sequencing of explanted vEHMs supports the hypothesis that co-revascularization impacts hiPSC-CM development in vivo. Our approach provides a strong foundation to enhance vEHM integration, develop hierarchical vascular perfusion, and maximize hiPSC-CM engraftment for future regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kareen L. K. Coulombe
- School of Engineering, Brown University Center for Biomedical Engineering, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (R.J.K.)
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Lee H, An G, Park J, Lim W, Song G. Molinate induces organ defects by promoting apoptosis, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress during the developmental stage of zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 885:163768. [PMID: 37146827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Molinate is classified as a thiocarbamate herbicide and is mainly used in paddy fields to culture rice. However, the toxic effects of molinate and the associated mechanisms in the process of development have not been completely elucidated. Therefore, in the present study, we demonstrated that molinate reduced the viability of zebrafish larvae and the probability of successful hatching using zebrafish (Danio rerio), one of the remarkable in vivo models for testing the toxicity of chemicals. In addition, molinate treatment triggered the occurrence of apoptosis, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, we identified that an abnormal cardiovascular phenotype through wild type zebrafish, neuronal defects through transgenic olig2:dsRed zebrafish, and developmental toxicity in the liver through transgenic lfabp:dsRed zebrafish. Collectively, these results provide evidence of the hazardous effects of molinate on the developmental stage of non-target organisms by elucidating the toxic mechanisms of molinate in developing zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Boezio GLM, Zhao S, Gollin J, Priya R, Mansingh S, Guenther S, Fukuda N, Gunawan F, Stainier DYR. The developing epicardium regulates cardiac chamber morphogenesis by promoting cardiomyocyte growth. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049571. [PMID: 36172839 PMCID: PMC9612869 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium, the outermost layer of the heart, is an important regulator of cardiac regeneration. However, a detailed understanding of the crosstalk between the epicardium and myocardium during development requires further investigation. Here, we generated three models of epicardial impairment in zebrafish by mutating the transcription factor genes tcf21 and wt1a, and ablating tcf21+ epicardial cells. Notably, all three epicardial impairment models exhibited smaller ventricles. We identified the initial cause of this phenotype as defective cardiomyocyte growth, resulting in reduced cell surface and volume. This failure of cardiomyocyte growth was followed by decreased proliferation and increased abluminal extrusion. By temporally manipulating its ablation, we show that the epicardium is required to support cardiomyocyte growth mainly during early cardiac morphogenesis. By transcriptomic profiling of sorted epicardial cells, we identified reduced expression of FGF and VEGF ligand genes in tcf21-/- hearts, and pharmacological inhibition of these signaling pathways in wild type partially recapitulated the ventricular growth defects. Taken together, these data reveal distinct roles of the epicardium during cardiac morphogenesis and signaling pathways underlying epicardial-myocardial crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia L. M. Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Josephine Gollin
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Shivani Mansingh
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Nana Fukuda
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Qian H, Qian Y, Liu Y, Cao J, Wang Y, Yang A, Zhao W, Lu Y, Liu H, Zhu W. Identification of novel biomarkers involved in doxorubicin-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity, respectively, by integrated bioinformatics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:996809. [PMID: 36712272 PMCID: PMC9874088 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.996809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms of doxorubicin (DOX) cardiotoxicity were complex and controversial, with various contradictions between experimental and clinical data. Understanding the differences in the molecular mechanism between DOX-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity may be an ideal entry point to solve this dilemma. Methods Mice were injected intraperitoneally with DOX [(20 mg/kg, once) or (5 mg/kg/week, three times)] to construct acute and chronic cardiotoxicity models, respectively. Survival record and ultrasound monitored the cardiac function. The corresponding left ventricular (LV) myocardium tissues were analyzed by RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) found the key biological processes and signaling pathways. DOX cardiotoxicity datasets from the Gene expression omnibus (GEO) database were combined with RNA-seq to identify the common genes. Cytoscape analyzed the hub genes, which were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. ImmuCo and ImmGen databases analyzed the correlations between hub genes and immunity-relative markers in immune cells. Cibersort analyzed the immune infiltration and correlations between the hub genes and the immune cells. Logistic regression, receiver operator characteristic curve, and artificial neural network analysis evaluated the diagnosis ability of hub genes for clinical data in the GEO dataset. Results The survival curves and ultrasound monitoring demonstrated that cardiotoxicity models were constructed successfully. In the acute model, 788 DEGs were enriched in the activated metabolism and the suppressed immunity-associated signaling pathways. Three hub genes (Alas1, Atp5g1, and Ptgds) were upregulated and were negatively correlated with a colony of immune-activating cells. However, in the chronic model, 281 DEGs showed that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-related signaling pathways were the critical events. Three hub genes (Hsph1, Abcb1a, and Vegfa) were increased in the chronic model. Furthermore, Hsph1 combined with Vegfa was positively correlated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-induced heart failure (HF) and had high accuracy in the diagnosis of DCM-induced HF (AUC = 0.898, P = 0.000). Conclusion Alas1, Atp5g1, and Ptgds were ideal biomarkers in DOX acute cardiotoxicity. However, Hsph1 and Vegfa were potential biomarkers in the myocardium in the chronic model. Our research, first, provided bioinformatics and clinical evidence for the discovery of the differences in mechanism and potential biomarkers of DOX-induced acute and chronic cardiotoxicity to find a therapeutic strategy precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China,Cancer Research Center Nantong, Nantong Tumor Hospital and Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaxin Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Aihua Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yingnan Lu
- School of Overseas Education, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Huanxin Liu
- Shanghai Labway Medical Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and School of Pharmacy Nantong University, Nantong, China,*Correspondence: Weizhong Zhu, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-8740-3210
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8
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Ai X, Yan B, Witman N, Gong Y, Yang L, Tan Y, Chen Y, Liu M, Lu T, Luo R, Wang H, Chien KR, Wang W, Fu W. Transient secretion of VEGF protein from transplanted hiPSC-CMs enhances engraftment and improves rat heart function post MI. Mol Ther 2023; 31:211-229. [PMID: 35982619 PMCID: PMC9840120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies offer an exciting and novel treatment for heart repair following myocardial infarction (MI). However, these therapies often suffer from poor cell viability and engraftment rates, which involve many factors, including the hypoxic conditions of the infarct environment. Meanwhile, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has previously been employed as a therapeutic agent to limit myocardial damage and simultaneously induce neovascularization. This study took an approach to transiently overexpress VEGF protein, in a controlled manner, by transfecting human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) with VEGF mRNA prior to transplantation. The conditioning of iPSC-CMs with VEGF mRNA ultimately led to greater survival rates of the transplanted cells, which promoted a stable vascular network in the grafted region. Furthermore, bulk RNA transcriptomics data and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways were significantly upregulated in the VEGF-treated iPSC-CMs group. The over-expression of VEGF from iPSC-CMs stimulated cell proliferation and partially attenuated the hypoxic environment in the infarcted area, resulting in reduced ventricular remodeling. This study provides a valuable solution for the survival of transplanted cells in tissue-engineered heart regeneration and may further promote the application of modified mRNA (modRNA) in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Ai
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bingqian Yan
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Nevin Witman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiqi Gong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Minglu Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Runjiao Luo
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Huijing Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Kenneth R Chien
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Wei Fu
- Institute of Pediatric Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China.
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9
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Vegf signaling between Müller glia and vascular endothelial cells is regulated by immune cells and stimulates retina regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2211690119. [PMID: 36469778 PMCID: PMC9897474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211690119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the zebrafish retina, Müller glia (MG) can regenerate retinal neurons lost to injury or disease. Even though zebrafish MG share structure and function with those of mammals, only in zebrafish do MG function as retinal stem cells. Previous studies suggest dying neurons, microglia/macrophage, and T cells contribute to MG's regenerative response [White et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114, E3719 (2017); Hui et al., Dev. Cell 43, 659 (2017)]. Although MG end-feet abut vascular endothelial (VE) cells to form the blood-retina barrier, a role for VE cells in retina regeneration has not been explored. Here, we report that MG-derived Vegfaa and Pgfa engage Flt1 and Kdrl receptors on VE cells to regulate MG gene expression, Notch signaling, proliferation, and neuronal regeneration. Remarkably, vegfaa and pgfa expression is regulated by microglia/macrophages, while Notch signaling in MG is regulated by a Vegf-dll4 signaling system in VE cells. Thus, our studies link microglia/macrophage, MG, and VE cells in a multicomponent signaling pathway that controls MG reprogramming and proliferation.
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10
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Xia Y, Duca S, Perder B, Dündar F, Zumbo P, Qiu M, Yao J, Cao Y, Harrison MRM, Zangi L, Betel D, Cao J. Activation of a transient progenitor state in the epicardium is required for zebrafish heart regeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7704. [PMID: 36513650 PMCID: PMC9747719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium, a mesothelial cell tissue that encompasses vertebrate hearts, supports heart regeneration after injury through paracrine effects and as a source of multipotent progenitors. However, the progenitor state in the adult epicardium has yet to be defined. Through single-cell RNA-sequencing of isolated epicardial cells from uninjured and regenerating adult zebrafish hearts, we define the epithelial and mesenchymal subsets of the epicardium. We further identify a transiently activated epicardial progenitor cell (aEPC) subpopulation marked by ptx3a and col12a1b expression. Upon cardiac injury, aEPCs emerge from the epithelial epicardium, migrate to enclose the wound, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and differentiate into mural cells and pdgfra+hapln1a+ mesenchymal epicardial cells. These EMT and differentiation processes are regulated by the Tgfβ pathway. Conditional ablation of aEPCs blocks heart regeneration through reduced nrg1 expression and mesenchymal cell number. Our findings identify a transient progenitor population of the adult epicardium that is indispensable for heart regeneration and highlight it as a potential target for enhancing cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sierra Duca
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Björn Perder
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Friederike Dündar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Paul Zumbo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Miaoyan Qiu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yingxi Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael R M Harrison
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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11
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Macrophage NFATC2 mediates angiogenic signaling during mycobacterial infection. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111817. [PMID: 36516756 PMCID: PMC9880963 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During mycobacterial infections, pathogenic mycobacteria manipulate both host immune and stromal cells to establish and maintain a productive infection. In humans, non-human primates, and zebrafish models of infection, pathogenic mycobacteria produce and modify the specialized lipid trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) in the bacterial cell envelope to drive host angiogenesis toward the site of forming granulomas, leading to enhanced bacterial growth. Here, we use the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum infection model to define the signaling basis of the host angiogenic response. Through intravital imaging and cell-restricted peptide-mediated inhibition, we identify macrophage-specific activation of NFAT signaling as essential to TDM-mediated angiogenesis in vivo. Exposure of cultured human cells to Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in robust induction of VEGFA, which is dependent on a signaling pathway downstream of host TDM detection and culminates in NFATC2 activation. As granuloma-associated angiogenesis is known to serve bacterial-beneficial roles, these findings identify potential host targets to improve tuberculosis disease outcomes.
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12
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Begeman IJ, Emery B, Kurth A, Kang J. Regeneration and developmental enhancers are differentially compatible with minimal promoters. Dev Biol 2022; 492:47-58. [PMID: 36167150 PMCID: PMC10211259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Enhancers and promoters are cis-regulatory elements that control gene expression. Enhancers are activated in a cell type-, tissue-, and condition-specific manner to stimulate promoter function and transcription. Zebrafish have emerged as a powerful animal model for examining the activities of enhancers derived from various species through transgenic enhancer assays, in which an enhancer is coupled with a minimal promoter. However, the efficiency of minimal promoters and their compatibility with multiple developmental and regeneration enhancers have not been systematically tested in zebrafish. Thus, we assessed the efficiency of six minimal promoters and comprehensively interrogated the compatibility of the promoters with developmental and regeneration enhancers. We found that the fos minimal promoter and Drosophila synthetic core promoter (DSCP) yielded high rates of leaky expression that may complicate the interpretation of enhancer assays. Notably, the adenovirus E1b promoter, the zebrafish lepb 0.8-kb (P0.8) and lepb 2-kb (P2) promoters, and a new zebrafish synthetic promoter (ZSP) that combines elements of the E1b and P0.8 promoters drove little or no ectopic expression, making them suitable for transgenic assays. We also found significant differences in compatibility among specific combinations of promoters and enhancers, indicating the importance of promoters as key regulatory elements determining the specificity of gene expression. Our study provides guidelines for transgenic enhancer assays in zebrafish to aid in the discovery of functional enhancers regulating development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Begeman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Benjamin Emery
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrew Kurth
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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13
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Paulissen E, Martin BL. Myogenic regulatory factors Myod and Myf5 are required for dorsal aorta formation and angiogenic sprouting. Dev Biol 2022; 490:134-143. [PMID: 35917935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate embryonic midline vasculature forms in close proximity to the developing skeletal muscle, which originates in the somites. Angioblasts migrate from bilateral positions along the ventral edge of the somites until they meet at the midline, where they sort and differentiate into the dorsal aorta and the cardinal vein. This migration occurs at the same time that myoblasts in the somites are beginning to differentiate into skeletal muscle, a process which requires the activity of the basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors Myod and Myf5. Here we examined vasculature formation in myod and myf5 mutant zebrafish. In the absence of skeletal myogenesis, angioblasts migrate normally to the midline but form only the cardinal vein and not the dorsal aorta. The phenotype is due to the failure to activate vascular endothelial growth factor ligand vegfaa expression in the somites, which in turn is required in the adjacent angioblasts for dorsal aorta specification. Myod and Myf5 cooperate with Hedgehog signaling to activate and later maintain vegfaa expression in the medial somites, which is required for angiogenic sprouting from the dorsal aorta. Our work reveals that the early embryonic skeletal musculature in teleosts evolved to organize the midline vasculature during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Paulissen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215, United States
| | - Benjamin L Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5215, United States.
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14
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DeBenedittis P, Karpurapu A, Henry A, Thomas MC, McCord TJ, Brezitski K, Prasad A, Baker CE, Kobayashi Y, Shah SH, Kontos CD, Tata PR, Lumbers RT, Karra R. Coupled myovascular expansion directs cardiac growth and regeneration. Development 2022; 149:dev200654. [PMID: 36134690 PMCID: PMC10692274 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Heart regeneration requires multiple cell types to enable cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation. How these cells interact to create growth niches is unclear. Here, we profile proliferation kinetics of cardiac endothelial cells (CECs) and CMs in the neonatal mouse heart and find that they are spatiotemporally coupled. We show that coupled myovascular expansion during cardiac growth or regeneration is dependent upon VEGF-VEGFR2 signaling, as genetic deletion of Vegfr2 from CECs or inhibition of VEGFA abrogates both CEC and CM proliferation. Repair of cryoinjury displays poor spatial coupling of CEC and CM proliferation. Boosting CEC density after cryoinjury with virus encoding Vegfa enhances regeneration. Using Mendelian randomization, we demonstrate that circulating VEGFA levels are positively linked with human myocardial mass, suggesting that Vegfa can stimulate human cardiac growth. Our work demonstrates the importance of coupled CEC and CM expansion and reveals a myovascular niche that may be therapeutically targeted for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige DeBenedittis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anish Karpurapu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Albert Henry
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael C. Thomas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy J. McCord
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kyla Brezitski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Anil Prasad
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Caroline E. Baker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Svati H. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher D. Kontos
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Aging, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R. Thomas Lumbers
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ravi Karra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Center for Aging, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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15
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Jiao C, Chen X, Zhao Y, Wang J. Zebrafish heart regeneration after coronary dysfunction-induced cardiac damage. Dev Biol 2022; 487:57-66. [PMID: 35490764 PMCID: PMC11017783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, various zebrafish injury models demonstrated efficient heart regeneration after cardiac tissue loss. However, no established coronary vessel injury methods exist in the zebrafish model, despite coronary endothelial dysfunction occurring in most patients with acute coronary syndrome. This is due to difficulties performing surgery on small coronary vessels and a lack of genetic tools to precisely manipulate coronary cells in zebrafish. We determined that the Notch ligand gene deltaC regulatory sequences drive gene expression in zebrafish coronary endothelial cells, enabling us to overcome these obstacles. We created a deltaC fluorescent reporter line and visualized robust coronary growth during heart development and regeneration. Importantly, this reporter facilitated the visualization of coronary growth without an endocardial background. Moreover, we visualized robust coronary growth on the surface of juvenile hearts and regrowth in the wounded area of adult hearts ex vivo. With this approach, we observed growth inhibition by reported vascular growth antagonists of the VEGF, EGF and Notch signaling pathways. Furthermore, we established a coronary genetic ablation system and observed that severe coronary endothelial cell loss resulted in fish death, whereas fish survived mild coronary cell loss. Coronary cell depletion triggered regenerative responses, which resulted in the restoration of damaged cardiac tissues within several weeks. Overall, our work demonstrated the efficacy of using deltaC regulatory elements for high-resolution visualization of the coronary endothelium; screening small molecules for coronary growth effects; and revealed complete recovery in adult zebrafish after coronary-induced heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Cheng Jiao
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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16
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Bruton FA, Kaveh A, Ross-Stewart KM, Matrone G, Oremek MEM, Solomonidis EG, Tucker CS, Mullins JJ, Lucas CD, Brittan M, Taylor JM, Rossi AG, Denvir MA. Macrophages trigger cardiomyocyte proliferation by increasing epicardial vegfaa expression during larval zebrafish heart regeneration. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1512-1528.e5. [PMID: 35688158 PMCID: PMC9616726 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac injury leads to the loss of cardiomyocytes, which are rapidly replaced by the proliferation of the surviving cells in zebrafish, but not in mammals. In both the regenerative zebrafish and non-regenerative mammals, cardiac injury induces a sustained macrophage response. Macrophages are required for cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish cardiac regeneration, but the mechanisms whereby macrophages facilitate this crucial process are fundamentally unknown. Using heartbeat-synchronized live imaging, RNA sequencing, and macrophage-null genotypes in the larval zebrafish cardiac injury model, we characterize macrophage function and reveal that these cells activate the epicardium, inducing cardiomyocyte proliferation. Mechanistically, macrophages are specifically recruited to the epicardial-myocardial niche, triggering the expansion of the epicardium, which upregulates vegfaa expression to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our data suggest that epicardial Vegfaa augments a developmental cardiac growth pathway via increased endocardial notch signaling. The identification of this macrophage-dependent mechanism of cardiac regeneration highlights immunomodulation as a potential strategy for enhancing mammalian cardiac repair. Heart regeneration in larval zebrafish is characterized in detail Macrophage ablation blocks cardiomyocyte proliferation after cardiac injury Macrophages synapse with epicardial cells and promote their proliferation Epicardial Vegfaa drives cardiomyocyte proliferation during cardiac regeneration
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Affiliation(s)
- Finnius A Bruton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Aryan Kaveh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine M Ross-Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Gianfranco Matrone
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Magdalena E M Oremek
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Emmanouil G Solomonidis
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Carl S Tucker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - John J Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Christopher D Lucas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Martin A Denvir
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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17
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Reconstruction of regulatory network predicts transcription factors driving the dynamics of zebrafish heart regeneration. Gene X 2022; 819:146242. [PMID: 35114280 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity in mammals has serious implications for cardiac tissue damage. Meanwhile, zebrafish has a high regenerative capacity, but the regulation of the heart healing process has yet to be elucidated. The dynamic nature of cardiac regeneration requires consideration of the inherent temporal dimension of this process. Here, we conducted a systematic review to find genes that define the regenerative cell state of the zebrafish heart. We then performed an in silico temporal gene regulatory network analysis using transcriptomic data from the zebrafish heart regenerative process obtained from databases. In this analysis, the genes found in the systematic review were used to represent the final cell state of the transition process from a non-regenerative cell state to a regenerative state. We found 135 transcription factors driving the cellular state transition process during zebrafish cardiac regeneration, including Hand2, Nkx2.5, Tbx20, Fosl1, Fosb, Junb, Vdr, Wt1, and Tcf21 previously reported for playing a key role in tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that most regulators are activated in the first days post-injury, indicating that the transition from a non-regenerative to a regenerative state occurs promptly.
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18
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Cao Y, Xia Y, Balowski JJ, Ou J, Song L, Safi A, Curtis T, Crawford GE, Poss KD, Cao J. Identification of enhancer regulatory elements that direct epicardial gene expression during zebrafish heart regeneration. Development 2022; 149:274414. [PMID: 35179181 PMCID: PMC8918790 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epicardium is a mesothelial tissue layer that envelops the heart. Cardiac injury activates dynamic gene expression programs in epicardial tissue, which in zebrafish enables subsequent regeneration through paracrine and vascularizing effects. To identify tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) that control injury-induced epicardial gene expression during heart regeneration, we profiled transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility in epicardial cells purified from regenerating zebrafish hearts. We identified hundreds of candidate TREEs, which are defined by increased chromatin accessibility of non-coding elements near genes with increased expression during regeneration. Several of these candidate TREEs were incorporated into stable transgenic lines, with five out of six elements directing injury-induced epicardial expression but not ontogenetic epicardial expression in larval hearts. Whereas two independent TREEs linked to the gene gnai3 showed similar functional features of gene regulation in transgenic lines, two independent ncam1a-linked TREEs directed distinct spatiotemporal domains of epicardial gene expression. Thus, multiple TREEs linked to a regeneration gene can possess either matching or complementary regulatory controls. Our study provides a new resource and principles for understanding the regulation of epicardial genetic programs during heart regeneration. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joseph J. Balowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lingyun Song
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alexias Safi
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy Curtis
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory E. Crawford
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
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19
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Chowdhury K, Lai SL, Marín-Juez R. Modulation of VEGFA Signaling During Heart Regeneration in Zebrafish. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2475:297-312. [PMID: 35451767 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2217-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, myocardial infarction and heart failure have accounted every year for millions of deaths worldwide. After a coronary occlusion, the lack of blood supply to downstream muscle leads to cell death and scarring. To date, several pro-angiogenic factors have been tested to stimulate reperfusion of the affected myocardium, VEGFA being one of the most extensively studied. Given the unsuccessful outcomes of clinical trials, understanding how cardiac revascularization takes place in models with endogenous regenerative capacity holds the key to devising more efficient therapies. Here, we summarize the main findings on VEGFA's role during cardiac repair and regeneration, with a particular focus on zebrafish as a regenerative model. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive overview of available tools to modulate Vegfa expression and action in zebrafish regeneration studies. Understanding the role of Vegfa during zebrafish heart regeneration may help devise efficient therapies and circumvent current limitations in using VEGFA for therapeutic angiogenesis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chowdhury
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lei Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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20
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Abstract
Heart regeneration is a remarkable process whereby regrowth of damaged cardiac tissue rehabilitates organ anatomy and function. Unfortunately, the human heart is highly resistant to regeneration, which creates a shortage of cardiomyocytes in the wake of ischemic injury, and explains, in part, why coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Luckily, a detailed blueprint for achieving therapeutic heart regeneration already exists in nature because several lower vertebrate species successfully regenerate amputated or damaged heart muscle through robust cardiomyocyte proliferation. A growing number of species are being interrogated for cardiac regenerative potential, and several commonalities have emerged between those animals showing high or low innate capabilities. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the field, discuss how regenerative potential is influenced by cardiomyocyte properties, mitogenic signals, and chromatin accessibility, and highlight unanswered questions under active investigation. Ultimately, delineating why heart regeneration occurs preferentially in some organisms, but not in others, will uncover novel therapeutic inroads for achieving cardiac restoration in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Yin
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - C Geoffrey Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Caroline E Burns
- Division of Basic and Translational Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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21
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Bongiovanni C, Sacchi F, Da Pra S, Pantano E, Miano C, Morelli MB, D'Uva G. Reawakening the Intrinsic Cardiac Regenerative Potential: Molecular Strategies to Boost Dedifferentiation and Proliferation of Endogenous Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750604. [PMID: 34692797 PMCID: PMC8531484 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts carried out to develop stem/progenitor cell-based technologies aiming at replacing and restoring the cardiac tissue following severe damages, thus far no strategies based on adult stem cell transplantation have been demonstrated to efficiently generate new cardiac muscle cells. Intriguingly, dedifferentiation, and proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes and not stem cell differentiation represent the preponderant cellular mechanism by which lower vertebrates spontaneously regenerate the injured heart. Mammals can also regenerate their heart up to the early neonatal period, even in this case by activating the proliferation of endogenous cardiomyocytes. However, the mammalian cardiac regenerative potential is dramatically reduced soon after birth, when most cardiomyocytes exit from the cell cycle, undergo further maturation, and continue to grow in size. Although a slow rate of cardiomyocyte turnover has also been documented in adult mammals, both in mice and humans, this is not enough to sustain a robust regenerative process. Nevertheless, these remarkable findings opened the door to a branch of novel regenerative approaches aiming at reactivating the endogenous cardiac regenerative potential by triggering a partial dedifferentiation process and cell cycle re-entry in endogenous cardiomyocytes. Several adaptations from intrauterine to extrauterine life starting at birth and continuing in the immediate neonatal period concur to the loss of the mammalian cardiac regenerative ability. A wide range of systemic and microenvironmental factors or cell-intrinsic molecular players proved to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and their manipulation has been explored as a therapeutic strategy to boost cardiac function after injuries. We here review the scientific knowledge gained thus far in this novel and flourishing field of research, elucidating the key biological and molecular mechanisms whose modulation may represent a viable approach for regenerating the human damaged myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bongiovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sacchi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Da Pra
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elvira Pantano
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Miano
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
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22
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Valizadeh A, Asghari S, Mansouri P, Alemi F, Majidinia M, Mahmoodpoor A, Yousefi B. The roles of signaling pathways in cardiac regeneration. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2142-2166. [PMID: 34521319 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210914115411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, knowledge of cardiac regeneration mechanisms has dramatically expanded. Regeneration can replace lost parts of organs, common among animal species. The heart is commonly considered an organ with terminal development, which has no reparability potential during post-natal life; however, some intrinsic regeneration capacity has been reported for cardiac muscle, which opens novel avenues in cardiovascular disease treatment. Different endogenous mechanisms were studied for cardiac repairing and regeneration in recent decades. Survival, proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, cell-cell communication, cardiomyogenesis, and anti-aging pathways are the most important mechanisms that have been studied in this regard. Several in vitro and animal model studies focused on proliferation induction for cardiac regeneration reported promising results. These studies have mainly focused on promoting proliferation signaling pathways and demonstrated various signaling pathways such as Wnt, PI3K/Akt, IGF-1, TGF-β, Hippo, and VEGF signaling cardiac regeneration. Therefore, in this review, we intended to discuss the connection between different critical signaling pathways in cardiac repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Valizadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Samira Asghari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Parinaz Mansouri
- Students Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia. Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz. Iran
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23
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Stone OA, Zhou B, Red-Horse K, Stainier DYR. Endothelial ontogeny and the establishment of vascular heterogeneity. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100036. [PMID: 34145927 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of distinct cellular identities was pivotal during the evolution of Metazoa, enabling the emergence of an array of specialized tissues with different functions. In most animals including vertebrates, cell specialization occurs in response to a combination of intrinsic (e.g., cellular ontogeny) and extrinsic (e.g., local environment) factors that drive the acquisition of unique characteristics at the single-cell level. The first functional organ system to form in vertebrates is the cardiovascular system, which is lined by a network of endothelial cells whose organ-specific characteristics have long been recognized. Recent genetic analyses at the single-cell level have revealed that heterogeneity exists not only at the organ level but also between neighboring endothelial cells. Thus, how endothelial heterogeneity is established has become a key question in vascular biology. Drawing upon evidence from multiple organ systems, here we will discuss the role that lineage history may play in establishing endothelial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Stone
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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24
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Tp53 Suppression Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation during Zebrafish Heart Regeneration. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108089. [PMID: 32877671 PMCID: PMC7494019 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish regenerate heart muscle through division of pre-existing cardiomyocytes. To discover underlying regulation, we assess transcriptome datasets for dynamic gene networks during heart regeneration and identify suppression of genes associated with the transcription factor Tp53. Cardiac damage leads to fluctuation of Tp53 protein levels, concomitant with induced expression of its central negative regulator, mdm2, in regenerating cardiomyocytes. Zebrafish lacking functional Tp53 display increased indicators of cardiomyocyte proliferation during regeneration, whereas transgenic Mdm2 blockade inhibits injury-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation. Induced myocardial overexpression of the mitogenic factors Nrg1 or Vegfaa in the absence of injury also upregulates mdm2 and suppresses Tp53 levels, and tp53 mutations augment the mitogenic effects of Nrg1. mdm2 induction is spatiotemporally associated with markers of de-differentiation in injury and growth contexts, suggesting a broad role in cardiogenesis. Our findings reveal myocardial Tp53 suppression by mitogen-induced Mdm2 as a regulatory component of innate cardiac regeneration.
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25
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Narumanchi S, Wang H, Perttunen S, Tikkanen I, Lakkisto P, Paavola J. Zebrafish Heart Failure Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:662583. [PMID: 34095129 PMCID: PMC8173159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.662583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The understanding of heart failure pathomechanisms and options for treatment remain incomplete. Zebrafish has proven useful for modeling human heart diseases due to similarity of zebrafish and mammalian hearts, fast easily tractable development, and readily available genetic methods. Embryonic cardiac development is rapid and cardiac function is easy to observe and quantify. Reverse genetics, by using morpholinos and CRISPR-Cas9 to modulate gene function, make zebrafish a primary animal model for in vivo studies of candidate genes. Zebrafish are able to effectively regenerate their hearts following injury. However, less attention has been given to using zebrafish models to increase understanding of heart failure and cardiac remodeling, including cardiac hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Here we discuss using zebrafish to study heart failure and cardiac remodeling, and review zebrafish genetic, drug-induced and other heart failure models, discussing the advantages and weaknesses of using zebrafish to model human heart disease. Using zebrafish models will lead to insights on the pathomechanisms of heart failure, with the aim to ultimately provide novel therapies for the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Narumanchi
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Wang
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Perttunen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Tikkanen
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jere Paavola
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Huang J, Sun L, Mennigen JA, Liu Y, Liu S, Zhang M, Wang Q, Tu W. Developmental toxicity of the novel PFOS alternative OBS in developing zebrafish: An emphasis on cilia disruption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124491. [PMID: 33223314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) has emerged as a substitute for PFOS with large demand and application in the Chinese market. However, little is known about potential developmental effects of OBS. In this study, zebrafish embryos were acutely exposed to different concentrations of OBS and the positive control PFOS for a comparative developmental toxicity assessment. OBS caused hatching delays, body axis curvature, neurobehavioral inhibition and abnormal cardiovascular development. These organismal effects were accompanied by change of development related genes expression profile, in which some cases were similar to PFOS. Overall, the toxic effects induced by OBS were generally milder than that of PFOS. Further investigation suggested that both OBS and PFOS disrupted ciliogenesis, evidenced by the ciliary immunostaining, changes in gene expression of kinesin family, dynein arm family and tubulin family members, as well as downregulation of the abundance of motor proteins including KIF3C, DYNC1H1 and DYNC1LI1. The influence of PFOS was stronger than that of OBS on ciliary genes and proteins. Molecular docking analysis revealed that both OBS and PFOS fitted into the motor proteins tightly, but binding affinity between OBS and motor proteins was lower than PFOS. Collectively, OBS and PFOS may act on ciliary motor proteins to interfere with ciliogenesis, leading to ciliary dysfunction and providing a novel probable action mode linked to developmental toxicity. This raises concerns regarding the health risks of the novel PFOS alternative OBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | | | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
| | - Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China.
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27
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Lowe V, Wisniewski L, Pellet-Many C. The Zebrafish Cardiac Endothelial Cell-Roles in Development and Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8050049. [PMID: 34062899 PMCID: PMC8147271 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In zebrafish, the spatiotemporal development of the vascular system is well described due to its stereotypical nature. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms orchestrating post-embryonic vascular development, the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, or how coronary vessels integrate into the growing heart are less well studied. In the context of cardiac regeneration, the central cellular mechanism by which the heart regenerates a fully functional myocardium relies on the proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes; the epicardium and the endocardium are also known to play key roles in the regenerative process. Remarkably, revascularisation of the injured tissue occurs within a few hours after cardiac damage, thus generating a vascular network acting as a scaffold for the regenerating myocardium. The activation of the endocardium leads to the secretion of cytokines, further supporting the proliferation of the cardiomyocytes. Although epicardium, endocardium, and myocardium interact with each other to orchestrate heart development and regeneration, in this review, we focus on recent advances in the understanding of the development of the endocardium and the coronary vasculature in zebrafish as well as their pivotal roles in the heart regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Lowe
- Heart Centre, Barts & The London School of Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Laura Wisniewski
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK;
| | - Caroline Pellet-Many
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Correspondence:
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28
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Zheng L, Du J, Wang Z, Zhou Q, Zhu X, Xiong JW. Molecular regulation of myocardial proliferation and regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:13. [PMID: 33821373 PMCID: PMC8021683 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart regeneration is a fascinating and complex biological process. Decades of intensive studies have revealed a sophisticated molecular network regulating cardiac regeneration in the zebrafish and neonatal mouse heart. Here, we review both the classical and recent literature on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying heart regeneration, with a particular focus on how injury triggers the cell-cycle re-entry of quiescent cardiomyocytes to replenish their massive loss after myocardial infarction or ventricular resection. We highlight several important signaling pathways for cardiomyocyte proliferation and propose a working model of how these injury-induced signals promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. Thus, this concise review provides up-to-date research progresses on heart regeneration for investigators in the field of regeneration biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianyong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qinchao Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jing-Wei Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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29
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Pronobis MI, Zheng S, Singh SP, Goldman JA, Poss KD. In vivo proximity labeling identifies cardiomyocyte protein networks during zebrafish heart regeneration. eLife 2021; 10:e66079. [PMID: 33764296 PMCID: PMC8034980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies have not been available until recently to uncover interacting protein networks specific to key cell types, their subcellular compartments, and their major regulators during complex in vivo events. Here, we apply BioID2 proximity labeling to capture protein networks acting within cardiomyocytes during a key model of innate heart regeneration in zebrafish. Transgenic zebrafish expressing a promiscuous BirA2 localized to the entire myocardial cell or membrane compartment were generated, each identifying distinct proteomes in adult cardiomyocytes that became altered during regeneration. BioID2 profiling for interactors with ErbB2, a co-receptor for the cardiomyocyte mitogen Nrg1, implicated Rho A as a target of ErbB2 signaling in cardiomyocytes. Blockade of Rho A during heart regeneration, or during cardiogenic stimulation by the mitogenic influences Nrg1, Vegfaa, or vitamin D, disrupted muscle creation. Our findings reveal proximity labeling as a useful resource to interrogate cell proteomes and signaling networks during tissue regeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira I Pronobis
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Regeneration Next, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Susan Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
| | | | - Joseph A Goldman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusUnited States
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical CenterDurhamUnited States
- Regeneration Next, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
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30
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Brezitski KD, Goff AW, DeBenedittis P, Karra R. A Roadmap to Heart Regeneration Through Conserved Mechanisms in Zebrafish and Mammals. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:29. [PMID: 33655359 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The replenishment of lost or damaged myocardium has the potential to reverse heart failure, making heart regeneration a goal for cardiovascular medicine. Unlike adult mammals, injury to the zebrafish or neonatal mouse heart induces a robust regenerative program with minimal scarring. Recent insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of heart regeneration suggest that the machinery for regeneration is conserved from zebrafish to mammals. Here, we will review conserved mechanisms of heart regeneration and their translational implications. RECENT FINDINGS Based on studies in zebrafish and neonatal mice, cardiomyocyte proliferation has emerged as a primary strategy for effecting regeneration in the adult mammalian heart. Recent work has revealed pathways for stimulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle reentry; potential developmental barriers for cardiomyocyte proliferation; and the critical role of additional cell types to support heart regeneration. Studies in zebrafish and neonatal mice have established a template for heart regeneration. Continued comparative work has the potential to inform the translation of regenerative biology into therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla D Brezitski
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102152, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Alexander W Goff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102152, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Paige DeBenedittis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102152, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Regeneration Next, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ravi Karra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102152, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Regeneration Next, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Durham, NC, USA. .,Center for Aging, Durham, NC, USA.
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31
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Begeman IJ, Shin K, Osorio-Méndez D, Kurth A, Lee N, Chamberlain TJ, Pelegri FJ, Kang J. Decoding an organ regeneration switch by dissecting cardiac regeneration enhancers. Development 2020; 147:226055. [PMID: 33246928 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart regeneration in regeneration-competent organisms can be accomplished through the remodeling of gene expression in response to cardiac injury. This dynamic transcriptional response relies on the activities of tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs); however, the mechanisms underlying TREEs are poorly understood. We dissected a cardiac regeneration enhancer in zebrafish to elucidate the mechanisms governing spatiotemporal gene expression during heart regeneration. Cardiac lepb regeneration enhancer (cLEN) exhibits dynamic, regeneration-dependent activity in the heart. We found that multiple injury-activated regulatory elements are distributed throughout the enhancer region. This analysis also revealed that cardiac regeneration enhancers are not only activated by injury, but surprisingly, they are also actively repressed in the absence of injury. Our data identified a short (22 bp) DNA element containing a key repressive element. Comparative analysis across Danio species indicated that the repressive element is conserved in closely related species. The repression mechanism is not operational during embryogenesis and emerges when the heart begins to mature. Incorporating both activation and repression components into the mechanism of tissue regeneration constitutes a new paradigm that might be extrapolated to other regeneration scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Begeman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kwangdeok Shin
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Daniel Osorio-Méndez
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Andrew Kurth
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nutishia Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Francisco J Pelegri
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.,UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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32
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Large Animal Models of Cell-Free Cardiac Regeneration. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101392. [PMID: 33003617 PMCID: PMC7600588 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart lacks the ability to sufficiently regenerate itself, leading to the progressive deterioration of function and heart failure after ischemic injuries such as myocardial infarction. Thus far, cell-based therapies have delivered unsatisfactory results, prompting the search for cell-free alternatives that can induce the heart to repair itself through cardiomyocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, and advantageous remodeling. Large animal models are an invaluable step toward translating basic research into clinical applications. In this review, we give an overview of the state-of-the-art in cell-free cardiac regeneration therapies that have been tested in large animal models, mainly pigs. Cell-free cardiac regeneration therapies involve stem cell secretome- and extracellular vesicles (including exosomes)-induced cardiac repair, RNA-based therapies, mainly regarding microRNAs, but also modified mRNA (modRNA) as well as other molecules including growth factors and extracellular matrix components. Various methods for the delivery of regenerative substances are used, including adenoviral vectors (AAVs), microencapsulation, and microparticles. Physical stimulation methods and direct cardiac reprogramming approaches are also discussed.
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33
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circRNA Hipk3 Induces Cardiac Regeneration after Myocardial Infarction in Mice by Binding to Notch1 and miR-133a. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:636-655. [PMID: 32736292 PMCID: PMC7393325 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synergism between cardiomyogenesis and angiogenesis is essential for cardiac regeneration. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in cell growth and angiogenesis, but their functions in cardiac regeneration are not yet known. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying mechanisms of circRNA Hipk3 (circHipk3) in both cardiomyogenesis and angiogenesis during cardiac regeneration. We found that circHipk3 was overexpressed in the fetal or neonatal heart of mice. The transcription factor Gata4 bound to the circHipk3 promoter and increased circHipk3 expression. Cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation in vitro and in vivo was inhibited by circHipk3 knockdown and increased by circHipk3 overexpression. Moreover, circHipk3 overexpression promoted coronary vessel endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube-forming capacity and subsequent angiogenesis. More importantly, circHipk3 overexpression attenuated cardiac dysfunction and decreased fibrotic area after myocardial infarction (MI). Mechanistically, circHipk3 promoted CM proliferation by increasing Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) acetylation, thereby increasing N1ICD stability and preventing its degradation. In addition, circHipk3 acted as a sponge for microRNA (miR)-133a to promote connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, which activated endothelial cells. Our findings suggested that circHipk3 might be a novel therapeutic target for preventing heart failure post-MI.
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34
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Sanz-Morejón A, Mercader N. Recent insights into zebrafish cardiac regeneration. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 64:37-43. [PMID: 32599303 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In humans, myocardial infarction results in ventricular remodeling, progressing ultimately to cardiac failure, one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In contrast to the adult mammalian heart, the zebrafish model organism has a remarkable regenerative capacity, offering the possibility to research the bases of natural regeneration. Here, we summarize recent insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern cardiac regeneration in the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Sanz-Morejón
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Marín-Juez R, El-Sammak H, Helker CSM, Kamezaki A, Mullapuli ST, Bibli SI, Foglia MJ, Fleming I, Poss KD, Stainier DYR. Coronary Revascularization During Heart Regeneration Is Regulated by Epicardial and Endocardial Cues and Forms a Scaffold for Cardiomyocyte Repopulation. Dev Cell 2020; 51:503-515.e4. [PMID: 31743664 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defective coronary network function and insufficient blood supply are both cause and consequence of myocardial infarction. Efficient revascularization after infarction is essential to support tissue repair and function. Zebrafish hearts exhibit a remarkable ability to regenerate, and coronary revascularization initiates within hours of injury, but how this process is regulated remains unknown. Here, we show that revascularization requires a coordinated multi-tissue response culminating with the formation of a complex vascular network available as a scaffold for cardiomyocyte repopulation. During a process we term "coronary-endocardial anchoring," new coronaries respond by sprouting (1) superficially within the regenerating epicardium and (2) intra-ventricularly toward the activated endocardium. Mechanistically, superficial revascularization is guided by epicardial Cxcl12-Cxcr4 signaling and intra-ventricular sprouting by endocardial Vegfa signaling. Our findings indicate that the injury-activated epicardium and endocardium support cardiomyocyte replenishment initially through the guidance of coronary sprouting. Simulating this process in the injured mammalian heart should help its healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Hadil El-Sammak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian S M Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Aosa Kamezaki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sri Teja Mullapuli
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sofia-Iris Bibli
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthew J Foglia
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site RheinMain, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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36
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Jaźwińska A, Blanchoud S. Towards deciphering variations of heart regeneration in fish. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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37
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Pronobis MI, Poss KD. Signals for cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 14:78-85. [PMID: 32368708 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The common laboratory zebrafish can regenerate functional cardiac muscle after cataclysmic damage or loss, by activating programs that direct the division of spared cardiomyocytes. Heart regeneration is not a linear series of molecular steps and synchronized cellular progressions, but rather an imperfect, relentless process that proceeds in an advantaged competition with scarring until recovery of the lost heart function. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of signaling events that have formative roles in injury-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish, and we forecast advances in the field that are needed to decipher heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira I Pronobis
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham NC 27710 USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710 USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham NC 27710 USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC 27710 USA
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38
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Gunawan F, Gentile A, Gauvrit S, Stainier DYR, Bensimon-Brito A. Nfatc1 Promotes Interstitial Cell Formation During Cardiac Valve Development in Zebrafish. Circ Res 2020; 126:968-984. [PMID: 32070236 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The transcription factor NFATC1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cell 1) has been implicated in cardiac valve formation in humans and mice, but we know little about the underlying mechanisms. To gain mechanistic understanding of cardiac valve formation at single-cell resolution and insights into the role of NFATC1 in this process, we used the zebrafish model as it offers unique attributes for live imaging and facile genetics. OBJECTIVE To understand the role of Nfatc1 in cardiac valve formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the zebrafish atrioventricular valve, we focus on the valve interstitial cells (VICs), which confer biomechanical strength to the cardiac valve leaflets. We find that initially atrioventricular endocardial cells migrate collectively into the cardiac jelly to form a bilayered structure; subsequently, the cells that led this migration invade the ECM (extracellular matrix) between the 2 endocardial cell monolayers, undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition as marked by loss of intercellular adhesion, and differentiate into VICs. These cells proliferate and are joined by a few neural crest-derived cells. VIC expansion and a switch from a promigratory to an elastic ECM drive valve leaflet elongation. Functional analysis of Nfatc1 reveals its requirement during VIC development. Zebrafish nfatc1 mutants form significantly fewer VICs due to reduced proliferation and impaired recruitment of endocardial and neural crest cells during the early stages of VIC development. With high-speed microscopy and echocardiography, we show that reduced VIC formation correlates with valvular dysfunction and severe retrograde blood flow that persist into adulthood. Analysis of downstream effectors reveals that Nfatc1 promotes the expression of twist1b-a well-known regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSIONS Our study sheds light on the function of Nfatc1 in zebrafish cardiac valve development and reveals its role in VIC formation. It also further establishes the zebrafish as a powerful model to carry out longitudinal studies of valve formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Gunawan
- From the Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (F.G., A.G., S.G., D.Y.R.S., A.B.-B.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim (F.G., S.G., D.Y.R.S., A.B.-B.)
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- From the Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (F.G., A.G., S.G., D.Y.R.S., A.B.-B.)
| | - Sébastien Gauvrit
- From the Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (F.G., A.G., S.G., D.Y.R.S., A.B.-B.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim (F.G., S.G., D.Y.R.S., A.B.-B.)
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- From the Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (F.G., A.G., S.G., D.Y.R.S., A.B.-B.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim (F.G., S.G., D.Y.R.S., A.B.-B.)
| | - Anabela Bensimon-Brito
- From the Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (F.G., A.G., S.G., D.Y.R.S., A.B.-B.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim (F.G., S.G., D.Y.R.S., A.B.-B.)
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39
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Abstract
The epicardium, the outermost tissue layer that envelops all vertebrate hearts, plays a crucial role in cardiac development and regeneration and has been implicated in potential strategies for cardiac repair. The heterogenous cell population that composes the epicardium originates primarily from a transient embryonic cell cluster known as the proepicardial organ (PE). Characterized by its high cellular plasticity, the epicardium contributes to both heart development and regeneration in two critical ways: as a source of progenitor cells and as a critical signaling hub. Despite this knowledge, there are many unanswered questions in the field of epicardial biology, the resolution of which will advance the understanding of cardiac development and repair. We review current knowledge in cross-species epicardial involvement, specifically in relation to lineage specification and differentiation during cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Sierra Duca
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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40
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Abstract
The heart is lined by a single layer of mesothelial cells called the epicardium that provides important cellular contributions for embryonic heart formation. The epicardium harbors a population of progenitor cells that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition displaying characteristic conversion of planar epithelial cells into multipolar and invasive mesenchymal cells before differentiating into nonmyocyte cardiac lineages, such as vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and fibroblasts. The epicardium is also a source of paracrine cues that are essential for fetal cardiac growth, coronary vessel patterning, and regenerative heart repair. Although the epicardium becomes dormant after birth, cardiac injury reactivates developmental gene programs that stimulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; however, it is not clear how the epicardium contributes to disease progression or repair in the adult. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms that control epicardium-derived progenitor cell migration, and the functional contributions of the epicardium to heart formation and cardiomyopathy. Future perspectives will be presented to highlight emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at harnessing the regenerative potential of the fetal epicardium for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.Q., E.M.S.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.,Department of Medicine (P.Q., E.M.S.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | | | - Eric M Small
- From the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (P.Q., E.M.S.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.,Department of Medicine (P.Q., E.M.S.), University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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41
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Gancz D, Raftrey BC, Perlmoter G, Marín-Juez R, Semo J, Matsuoka RL, Karra R, Raviv H, Moshe N, Addadi Y, Golani O, Poss KD, Red-Horse K, Stainier DY, Yaniv K. Distinct origins and molecular mechanisms contribute to lymphatic formation during cardiac growth and regeneration. eLife 2019; 8:44153. [PMID: 31702554 PMCID: PMC6881115 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the role of lymphatics in organ repair and regeneration, due to their importance in immune surveillance and fluid homeostasis. Experimental approaches aimed at boosting lymphangiogenesis following myocardial infarction in mice, were shown to promote healing of the heart. Yet, the mechanisms governing cardiac lymphatic growth remain unclear. Here, we identify two distinct lymphatic populations in the hearts of zebrafish and mouse, one that forms through sprouting lymphangiogenesis, and the other by coalescence of isolated lymphatic cells. By tracing the development of each subset, we reveal diverse cellular origins and differential response to signaling cues. Finally, we show that lymphatic vessels are required for cardiac regeneration in zebrafish as mutants lacking lymphatics display severely impaired regeneration capabilities. Overall, our results provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying lymphatic formation during development and regeneration, opening new avenues for interventions targeting specific lymphatic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Gancz
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Brian C Raftrey
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Gal Perlmoter
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan Semo
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ravi Karra
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, United States.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Hila Raviv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noga Moshe
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ofra Golani
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Didier Yr Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Karina Yaniv
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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42
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Mullapudi ST, Boezio GLM, Rossi A, Marass M, Matsuoka RL, Matsuda H, Helker CSM, Yang YHC, Stainier DYR. Disruption of the pancreatic vasculature in zebrafish affects islet architecture and function. Development 2019; 146:dev.173674. [PMID: 31597659 DOI: 10.1242/dev.173674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A dense local vascular network is crucial for pancreatic endocrine cells to sense metabolites and secrete hormones, and understanding the interactions between the vasculature and the islets may allow for therapeutic modulation in disease conditions. Using live imaging in two models of vascular disruption in zebrafish, we identified two distinct roles for the pancreatic vasculature. At larval stages, expression of a dominant negative version of Vegfaa (dnVegfaa) in β-cells led to vascular and endocrine cell disruption with a minor impairment in β-cell function. In contrast, expression of a soluble isoform of Vegf receptor 1 (sFlt1) in β-cells blocked the formation of the pancreatic vasculature and drastically stunted glucose response, although islet architecture was not affected. Notably, these effects of dnVegfaa or sFlt1 were not observed in animals lacking vegfaa, vegfab, kdrl, kdr or flt1 function, indicating that they interfere with multiple ligands and/or receptors. In adults, disrupted islet architecture persisted in dnVegfaa-expressing animals, whereas sFlt1-expressing animals displayed large sheets of β-cells along their pancreatic ducts, accompanied by impaired glucose tolerance in both models. Thus, our study reveals novel roles for the vasculature in patterning and function of the islet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Teja Mullapudi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Giulia L M Boezio
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michele Marass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hiroki Matsuda
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christian S M Helker
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yu Hsuan Carol Yang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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43
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Abstract
Heart failure is a major cause of death worldwide owing to the inability of the adult human heart to regenerate after a heart attack. However, many vertebrate species are capable of complete cardiac regeneration following injury. In this Review, we discuss the various model organisms of cardiac regeneration, and outline what they have taught us thus far about the cellular and molecular responses essential for optimal cardiac repair. We compare across different species, highlighting evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of regeneration and demonstrating the importance of developmental gene expression programmes, plasticity of the heart and the pathophysiological environment for the regenerative response. Additionally, we discuss how the findings from these studies have led to improvements in cardiac repair in preclinical models such as adult mice and pigs, and discuss the potential to translate these findings into therapeutic approaches for human patients following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L Price
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Joaquim M Vieira
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
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44
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Psarras S, Beis D, Nikouli S, Tsikitis M, Capetanaki Y. Three in a Box: Understanding Cardiomyocyte, Fibroblast, and Innate Immune Cell Interactions to Orchestrate Cardiac Repair Processes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:32. [PMID: 31001541 PMCID: PMC6454035 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an insult by both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, complex cellular, and molecular interactions determine a successful recovery or inadequate repair of damaged tissue. The efficiency of this process is particularly important in the heart, an organ characterized by very limited regenerative and repair capacity in higher adult vertebrates. Cardiac insult is characteristically associated with fibrosis and heart failure, as a result of cardiomyocyte death, myocardial degeneration, and adverse remodeling. Recent evidence implies that resident non-cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts but also macrophages -pillars of the innate immunity- form part of the inflammatory response and decisively affect the repair process following a cardiac insult. Multiple studies in model organisms (mouse, zebrafish) of various developmental stages (adult and neonatal) combined with genetically engineered cell plasticity and differentiation intervention protocols -mainly targeting cardiac fibroblasts or progenitor cells-reveal particular roles of resident and recruited innate immune cells and their secretome in the coordination of cardiac repair. The interplay of innate immune cells with cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes is emerging as a crucial platform to help our understanding and, importantly, to allow the development of effective interventions sufficient to minimize cardiac damage and dysfunction after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Psarras
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Nikouli
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Tsikitis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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45
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Gardner LD, Peck KA, Goetz GW, Linbo TL, Cameron J, Scholz NL, Block BA, Incardona JP. Cardiac remodeling in response to embryonic crude oil exposure involves unconventional NKX family members and innate immunity genes. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.205567. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.205567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling results from both physiological and pathological stimuli. Compared to mammals, fish hearts show a broader array of remodeling changes in response to environmental influences, providing exceptional models for dissecting the molecular and cellular bases of cardiac remodeling. We recently characterized a form of pathological remodeling in juvenile pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in response to crude oil exposure during embryonic cardiogenesis. In the absence of overt pathology (cardiomyocyte death or inflammatory infiltrate), cardiac ventricles in exposed fish showed altered shape, reduced thickness of compact myocardium, and hypertrophic changes in spongy, trabeculated myocardium. Here we used RNA sequencing to characterize molecular pathways underlying these defects. In juvenile ventricular cardiomyocytes, antecedent embryonic oil exposure led to dose-dependent up-regulation of genes involved in innate immunity and two NKX homeobox transcription factors not previously associated with cardiomyocytes, nkx2.3 and nkx3.3. Absent from mammalian genomes, the latter is largely uncharacterized. In zebrafish embryos nkx3.3 demonstrated a potent effect on cardiac morphogenesis, equivalent to nkx2.5, the primary transcription factor associated with ventricular cardiomyocyte identity. The role of nkx3.3 in heart growth is potentially linked to the unique regenerative capacity of fish and amphibians. Moreover, these findings support a cardiomyocyte-intrinsic role for innate immune response genes in pathological hypertrophy. This study demonstrates how an expanding mechanistic understanding of environmental pollution impacts – i.e., the chemical perturbation of biological systems – can ultimately yield new insights into fundamental biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke D. Gardner
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Karen A. Peck
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Giles W. Goetz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Tiffany L. Linbo
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - James Cameron
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Scholz
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Barbara A. Block
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - John P. Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
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46
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Kapuria S, Yoshida T, Lien CL. Coronary Vasculature in Cardiac Development and Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:E59. [PMID: 30563016 PMCID: PMC6306797 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional coronary circulation is essential for a healthy heart in warm-blooded vertebrates, and coronary diseases can have a fatal consequence. Despite the growing interest, the knowledge about the coronary vessel development and the roles of new coronary vessel formation during heart regeneration is still limited. It is demonstrated that early revascularization is required for efficient heart regeneration. In this comprehensive review, we first describe the coronary vessel formation from an evolutionary perspective. We further discuss the cell origins of coronary endothelial cells and perivascular cells and summarize the critical signaling pathways regulating coronary vessel development. Lastly, we focus on the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms regulating heart regeneration in zebrafish, a genetically tractable vertebrate model with a regenerative adult heart and well-developed coronary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Kapuria
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
| | - Tyler Yoshida
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.
| | - Ching-Ling Lien
- The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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47
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Fernandez CE, Bakovic M, Karra R. Endothelial Contributions to Zebrafish Heart Regeneration. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5040056. [PMID: 30544906 PMCID: PMC6306804 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have shown heart regeneration in zebrafish to be a dynamic process, choreographed by multiple cell types. In particular, recent work has identified revascularization of the wound to be a sentinel event during heart regeneration. The cardiac endothelium has emerged as a key orchestrator of heart regeneration, influencing cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and tissue morphogenesis. Here, we review how the coronary vasculature regenerates after injury, how signaling pathways link the cardiac endothelium to heart regeneration, and how understanding these signaling dynamics can lead to targeted therapies for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Melanie Bakovic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Ravi Karra
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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48
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Richardson RJ. Parallels between vertebrate cardiac and cutaneous wound healing and regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2018; 3:21. [PMID: 30416753 PMCID: PMC6220283 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-018-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular events that contribute to tissue healing of non-sterile wounds to the skin and ischaemic injury to internal organs such as the heart share remarkable similarities despite the differences between these injury types and organs. In adult vertebrates, both injuries are characterised by a complex series of overlapping events involving multiple different cell types and cellular interactions. In adult mammals both tissue-healing processes ultimately lead to the permanent formation of a fibrotic, collagenous scar, which can have varying effects on tissue function depending on the site and magnitude of damage. Extensive scarring in the heart as a result of a severe myocardial infarction contributes to ventricular dysfunction and the progression of heart failure. Some vertebrates such as adult zebrafish, however, retain a more embryonic capacity for scar-free tissue regeneration in many tissues including the skin and heart. In this review, the similarities and differences between these different types of wound healing are discussed, with special attention on recent advances in regenerative, non-scarring vertebrate models such as the zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Richardson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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49
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Walton EM, Cronan MR, Cambier CJ, Rossi A, Marass M, Foglia MD, Brewer WJ, Poss KD, Stainier DYR, Bertozzi CR, Tobin DM. Cyclopropane Modification of Trehalose Dimycolate Drives Granuloma Angiogenesis and Mycobacterial Growth through Vegf Signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:514-525.e6. [PMID: 30308157 PMCID: PMC6201760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infection leads to the formation of characteristic immune aggregates called granulomas, a process accompanied by dramatic remodeling of the host vasculature. As granuloma angiogenesis favors the infecting mycobacteria, it may be actively promoted by bacterial determinants during infection. Using Mycobacterium marinum-infected zebrafish as a model, we identify the enzyme proximal cyclopropane synthase of alpha-mycolates (PcaA) as an important bacterial determinant of granuloma-associated angiogenesis. cis-Cyclopropanation of mycobacterial mycolic acids by pcaA drives the activation of host Vegf signaling within granuloma macrophages. Cyclopropanation of the mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid trehalose dimycolate is both required and sufficient to induce robust host angiogenesis. Inducible genetic inhibition of angiogenesis and Vegf signaling during granuloma formation results in bacterial growth deficits. Together, these data reveal a mechanism by which PcaA-mediated cis-cyclopropanation of mycolic acids promotes bacterial growth and dissemination in vivo by eliciting granuloma vascularization and suggest potential approaches for host-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Walton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mark R Cronan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C J Cambier
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Michele Marass
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Matthew D Foglia
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - W Jared Brewer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David M Tobin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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