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Zhu S, Chen W, Masson A, Li YP. Cell signaling and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis. Cell Discov 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38956429 PMCID: PMC11219878 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-024-00689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The initiation of osteogenesis primarily occurs as mesenchymal stem cells undergo differentiation into osteoblasts. This differentiation process plays a crucial role in bone formation and homeostasis and is regulated by two intricate processes: cell signal transduction and transcriptional gene expression. Various essential cell signaling pathways, including Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, Hedgehog, PTH, FGF, Ephrin, Notch, Hippo, and Piezo1/2, play a critical role in facilitating osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and bone homeostasis. Key transcriptional factors in this differentiation process include Runx2, Cbfβ, Runx1, Osterix, ATF4, SATB2, and TAZ/YAP. Furthermore, a diverse array of epigenetic factors also plays critical roles in osteoblast differentiation, bone formation, and homeostasis at the transcriptional level. This review provides an overview of the latest developments and current comprehension concerning the pathways of cell signaling, regulation of hormones, and transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the commitment and differentiation of osteoblast lineage, as well as in bone formation and maintenance of homeostasis. The paper also reviews epigenetic regulation of osteoblast differentiation via mechanisms, such as histone and DNA modifications. Additionally, we summarize the latest developments in osteoblast biology spurred by recent advancements in various modern technologies and bioinformatics. By synthesizing these insights into a comprehensive understanding of osteoblast differentiation, this review provides further clarification of the mechanisms underlying osteoblast lineage commitment, differentiation, and bone formation, and highlights potential new therapeutic applications for the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhu
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Alasdair Masson
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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2
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Krajnović M, Kožik B, Božović A, Jovanović-Ćupić S. Multiple Roles of the RUNX Gene Family in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Potential Clinical Implications. Cells 2023; 12:2303. [PMID: 37759525 PMCID: PMC10527445 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent cancers in humans, characterised by a high resistance to conventional chemotherapy, late diagnosis, and a high mortality rate. It is necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatocarcinogenesis to improve diagnosis and treatment outcomes. The Runt-related (RUNX) family of transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3) participates in cardinal biological processes and plays paramount roles in the pathogenesis of numerous human malignancies. Their role is often controversial as they can act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors and depends on cellular context. Evidence shows that deregulated RUNX genes may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis from the earliest to the latest stages. In this review, we summarise the topical evidence on the roles of RUNX gene family members in HCC. We discuss their possible application as non-invasive molecular markers for early diagnosis, prognosis, and development of novel treatment strategies in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bojana Kožik
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, Vinča, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (A.B.); (S.J.-Ć.)
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3
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Thaweesapphithak S, Theerapanon T, Rattanapornsompong K, Intarak N, Kanpittaya P, Trachoo V, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12202. [PMID: 37500953 PMCID: PMC10374887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39293-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the RUNX2 gene, affecting bone and teeth development. Previous studies focused on mutations in the RUNX2 RHD domain, with limited investigation of mutations in the C-terminal domain. This study aimed to investigate the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2. Eight mutations were analyzed, and their effects on transactivation activity, protein expression, subcellular localization, and osteogenic potential were studied. Truncating mutations in the PST region and a missense mutation in the NMTS region resulted in increased transactivation activity, while missense mutations in the PST showed activity comparable to the control. Truncating mutations produced truncated proteins, while missense mutations produced normal-sized proteins. Mutant proteins were mislocalized, with six mutant proteins detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. CCD patient bone cells exhibited mislocalization of RUNX2, similar to the generated mutant. Mislocalization of RUNX2 and reduced expression of downstream genes were observed in MSCs from a CCD patient with the p.Ser247Valfs*3 mutation, leading to compromised osteogenic potential. This study provides insight into the functional consequences of C-terminal mutations in RUNX2, including reduced expression, mislocalization, and aberrant transactivation of downstream genes, contributing to the compromised osteogenic potential observed in CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sermporn Thaweesapphithak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Khanti Rattanapornsompong
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narin Intarak
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pimsiri Kanpittaya
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorapat Trachoo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Geriatric and Special Patients Care, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, the Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Lin TC. RUNX2 and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087001. [PMID: 37108164 PMCID: PMC10139076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is critical for the modulation of chondrocyte osteoblast differentiation and hypertrophy. Recently discovered RUNX2 somatic mutations, expressional signatures of RUNX2 in normal tissues and tumors, and the prognostic and clinical significance of RUNX2 in many types of cancer have attracted attention and led RUNX2 to be considered a biomarker for cancer. Many discoveries have illustrated the indirect and direct biological functions of RUNX2 in orchestrating cancer stemness, cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and chemoresistance to anticancer compounds, warranting further exploration of the associated mechanisms to support the development of a novel therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus mainly on critical and recent research developments, including RUNX2's oncogenic activities, by summarizing and integrating the findings on somatic mutations of RUNX2, transcriptomic studies, clinical information, and discoveries about how the RUNX2-induced signaling pathway modulates malignant progression in cancer. We also comprehensively discuss RUNX2 RNA expression in a pancancer panel and in specific normal cell types at the single-cell level to indicate the potential cell types and sites for tumorigenesis. We expect this review to shed light on the recent mechanistical findings and modulatory role of RUNX2 in cancer progression and provide biological information that can guide new research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chieh Lin
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Dong Z, Yang R, Zong S, Wei X, Wang C, Guo L, Sun J, Li H, Li P. Inactivation of Ihh in Sp7-Expressing Cells Inhibits Osteoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Bone Formation, Resulting in a Dwarfism Phenotype with Severe Skeletal Dysplasia in Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:519-534. [PMID: 35731246 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-00999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is an indispensable paracrine factor for proper tissue patterning, skeletogenesis, and cellular proliferation. Recent genetic studies have revealed critical roles of chondrocyte-derived Ihh in regulating chondrocyte proliferation, hypertrophy and cartilage ossification. However, the functions of Sp7-expressing cell-derived Ihh in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation remain unclear. Sp7 is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation. In the current study, we generated Sp7-iCre; Ihhfl/fl mice, in which the Ihh gene was specifically deleted in Sp7-expressing cells to investigate the roles of Ihh. Ihh ablation in Sp7-expressing cells resulted in a dwarfism phenotype with severe skeletal dysplasia and lethality at birth, but with normal joint segmentation. Sp7-iCre; Ihhfl/fl mice had fewer osteoblasts, almost no cortical and trabecular bones, smaller skulls, and wider cranial sutures. Additionally, the levels of osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-related genes, and of major bone matrix protein genes were significantly reduced. These results demonstrated that Ihh regulates bone formation in Sp7-expressing cells. Ihh deficiency in primary osteoblasts cultured in vitro inhibited their proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization ability, and reduced the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. Moreover, the deletion of Ihh also attenuated the Bmp2/Smad/Runx2 pathway in E18.5 tibial and primary osteoblasts. The activity of primary osteoblasts in mutant mice was rescued after treatment with rhBMP2. In summary, our data revealed that Ihh in Sp7-expressing cells plays an indispensable role in osteoblast differentiation, mineralization, and embryonic osteogenesis, further implicated that its pro-osteogenic role may be mediated through the canonical Bmp2/Smad/Runx2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- YunFei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhengquan Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruijia Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sujing Zong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaochun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoqian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengcui Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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6
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Liu D, Zhang C, Liu Y, Li J, Wang Y, Zheng S. RUNX2 Regulates Osteoblast Differentiation via the BMP4 Signaling Pathway. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1227-1237. [PMID: 35619284 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221093518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX2 is a master osteogenic transcription factor, and mutations in RUNX2 cause the inherited skeletal disorder cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Studies have revealed that RUNX2 is not only a downstream target of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway but can also regulate the expression of BMPs. However, the underlying mechanism of the regulation of BMPs by RUNX2 remains unknown. In this project, we diagnosed a CCD patient with a 7.86-Mb heterozygous deletion on chromosome 6 containing all exons of RUNX2 by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were further extracted from patient alveolar bone fragments (CCD-BMSCs), an excellent natural model to explore the possible mechanism. The osteogenic differentiation ability of CCD-BMSCs was severely affected by RUNX2 heterozygous deletion. Also, BMP4 decreased most in BMP ligands, and CHRDL1, a BMP antagonist, was abnormally elevated in CCD-BMSCs. Furthermore, BMP4 treatment essentially rescued the osteogenic capacity of CCD-BMSCs, and RUNX2 overexpression reversed the abnormal expression of BMP4 and CHRDL1. Notably, we constructed CRISPR/Cas9 Runx2+/m MC3T3-E1 cells, which simulated a variant in CCD-BMSCs, to exclude the interference of other gene deletions and the heterogeneity of the genetic background of primary cells, and verified all findings from the CCD-BMSCs. Moreover, the luciferase reporter experiment showed that RUNX2 could inhibit the transcription of CHRDL1. Through immunofluorescence, the inhibitory effect of CHRDL1 on BMP4/Smad signaling was confirmed in MC3T3-E1 cells. These results revealed that RUNX2 regulated the BMP4 pathway by inhibiting CHRDL1 transcription. We collectively identified a novel RUNX2/CHRDL1/BMP4 axis to regulate osteogenic differentiation and noted that BMP4 might be a valuable therapeutic option for treating bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - J Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Wang
- Central Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
| | - S Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, PR China
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Kitaura H, Marahleh A, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Nara Y, Pramusita A, Kinjo R, Ma J, Kanou K, Mizoguchi I. Role of the Interaction of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors 1 and 2 in Bone-Related Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031481. [PMID: 35163403 PMCID: PMC8835906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by macrophages, monocytes, and T cells, and its expression is triggered by the immune system in response to pathogens and their products, such as endotoxins. TNF-α plays an important role in host defense by inducing inflammatory reactions such as phagocytes and cytocidal systems activation. TNF-α also plays an important role in bone metabolism and is associated with inflammatory bone diseases. TNF-α binds to two cell surface receptors, the 55kDa TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) and the 75kDa TNF receptor-2 (TNFR2). Bone is in a constant state of turnover; it is continuously degraded and built via the process of bone remodeling, which results from the regulated balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts, bone-forming osteoblasts, and the mechanosensory cell type osteocytes. Precise interactions between these cells maintain skeletal homeostasis. Studies have shown that TNF-α affects bone-related cells via TNFRs. Signaling through either receptor results in different outcomes in different cell types as well as in the same cell type. This review summarizes and discusses current research on the TNF-α and TNFR interaction and its role in bone-related cells.
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Symkhampha K, Ahn GS, Huh KH, Heo MS, Lee SS, Kim JE. Radiographic features of cleidocranial dysplasia on panoramic radiographs. Imaging Sci Dent 2021; 51:271-278. [PMID: 34621654 PMCID: PMC8479436 DOI: 10.5624/isd.20201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the panoramic imaging features of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) with a relatively large sample. Materials and Methods The panoramic radiographs of 40 CCD patients who visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital between 2004 and 2018 were analyzed. Imaging features were recorded based on the consensus of 2 radiologists according to the following criteria: the number of supernumerary teeth and impacted teeth; the shape of the ascending ramus, condyle, coronoid process, sigmoid notch, antegonial notch, and hard palate; the mandibular midline suture; and the gonial angle. Results The mean number of supernumerary teeth and impacted teeth were 6.1 and 8.3, respectively, and the supernumerary teeth and impacted teeth were concentrated in the anterior and premolar regions. Ramus parallelism was dominant (32 patients, 80.0%) and 5 patients (12.5%) showed a mandibular midline suture. The majority of mandibular condyles showed a rounded shape (61.2%), and most coronoid processes were triangular (43.8%) or round (37.5%). The mean gonial angle measured on panoramic radiographs was 122.6°. Conclusion Panoramic radiographs were valuable for identifying the features of CCD and confirming the diagnosis. The presence of numerous supernumerary teeth and impacted teeth, especially in the anterior and premolar regions, and the characteristic shapes of the ramus, condyle, and coronoid process on panoramic radiographs may help to diagnose CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanthaly Symkhampha
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Vientiane, Laos.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum Sun Ahn
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungbok University, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoe Huh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Suk Heo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sam-Sun Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Dalle Carbonare L, Antoniazzi F, Gandini A, Orsi S, Bertacco J, Li Vigni V, Minoia A, Griggio F, Perduca M, Mottes M, Valenti MT. Two Novel C-Terminus RUNX2 Mutations in Two Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CCD) Patients Impairing p53 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910336. [PMID: 34638677 PMCID: PMC8508986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a dominantly inherited skeletal disease, is characterized by a variable phenotype ranging from dental alterations to severe skeletal defects. Either de novo or inherited mutations in the RUNX2 gene have been identified in most CCD patients. Transcription factor RUNX2, the osteogenic master gene, plays a central role in the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast lineage. With the aim to analyse the effects of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients, we investigated RUNX2 gene expression and the osteogenic potential of two CCD patients' cells. In addition, with the aim to better understand how RUNX2 mutations interfere with osteogenic differentiation, we performed string analyses to identify proteins interacting with RUNX2 and analysed p53 expression levels. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that, in addition to the alteration of downstream gene expression, RUNX2 mutations impair p53 expression affecting osteogenic maturation. In conclusion, the present work provides new insights into the role of RUNX2 mutations in CCD patients and suggests that an in-depth analysis of the RUNX2-associated gene network may contribute to better understand the complex molecular and phenotypic alterations in mutant subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Franco Antoniazzi
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alberto Gandini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Orsi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Jessica Bertacco
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Veronica Li Vigni
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesca Griggio
- Centro Piattaforme Tecnologiche, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Perduca
- Biocrystallography Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Monica Mottes
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (S.O.); (J.B.); (V.L.V.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-812-8450
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Abstract
Intermuscular bones (IBs) are slender linear bones embedded in muscle, which ossify from tendons through a process of intramembranous ossification, and only exist in basal teleosts. IBs are essential for fish swimming, but they present a choking risk during human consumption, especially in children, which can lead to commercial risks that have a negative impact on the aquaculture of these fish. In this review, we discuss the morphogenesis and functions of IBs, including their underlying molecular mechanisms, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methods for IB studies and techniques for breeding and generating IB-free fish lines. This review reveals that the many key genes involved in tendon development, osteoblast differentiation, and bone formation, e.g., scxa, msxC, sost, twist, bmps, and osterix, also play roles in IB development. Thus, this paper provides useful information for the breeding of new fish strains without IBs via genome editing and artificial selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Cave Fish Development and Evolution Research Group, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuan-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish Breeding, Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau-Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Li Ma
- Cave Fish Development and Evolution Research Group, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
| | - Jun-Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish Breeding, Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau-Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China. E-mail:
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Sun Y, Yuan Y, Wu W, Lei L, Zhang L. The effects of locomotion on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate: insight into mechanical regulation and bone formation. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 34001272 PMCID: PMC8130302 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) refer to a heterogeneous population of cells with the capacity for self-renewal. BMSCs have multi-directional differentiation potential and can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes under specific microenvironment or mechanical regulation. The activities of BMSCs are closely related to bone quality. Previous studies have shown that BMSCs and their lineage-differentiated progeny (for example, osteoblasts), and osteocytes are mechanosensitive in bone. Thus, a goal of this review is to discuss how these ubiquious signals arising from mechanical stimulation are perceived by BMSCs and then how the cells respond to them. Studies in recent years reported a significant effect of locomotion on the migration, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs, thus, contributing to our bone mass. This regulation is realized by the various intersecting signaling pathways including RhoA/Rock, IFG, BMP and Wnt signalling. The mechanoresponse of BMSCs also provides guidance for maintaining bone health by taking appropriate exercises. This review will summarize the regulatory effects of locomotion/mechanical loading on BMSCs activities. Besides, a number of signalling pathways govern MSC fate towards osteogenic or adipocytic differentiation will be discussed. The understanding of mechanoresponse of BMSCs makes the foundation for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Le Lei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Road West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Li Y, Sun R, Zhao X, Sun B. RUNX2 promotes malignant progression in gastric cancer by regulating COL1A1. Cancer Biomark 2021; 31:227-238. [PMID: 33896817 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-200472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is an important gene that has been implicated in the progression of human cancer. Aberrant expression of RUNX2 predicts gastric cancer (GC) metastasis. However, the molecular mechanism of RUNX2 remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that RUNX2 promotes GC metastasis by regulating the extracellular matrix component collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1). METHODS The GEPIA database and immunohistochemical staining of 60 GC tissues were used to analyse the correlations between RUNX2 or COL1A1 expression and clinicopathological features, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate survival. RT-PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to detect RUNX2 and COL1A1 expression in GC cells. Migration and invasion assays were performed to assess the influence of RUNX2 and COL1A1 on metastasis. RESULTS RUNX2 and COL1A1 were highly expressed at both the gene and protein levels in GC, and patients who were positive for RUNX2 and COL1A1 had shorter survival. RUNX2 and COL1A1 expression linearly correlated with each other (r= 0.15, p< 0.01) and with clinical stage and lymph node metastasis (p< 0.05). Overexpressing RUNX2in vitro enhanced COL1A1 expression and promoted GC cell invasion and migration, whereas COL1A1 knockdown inhibited the increase in cell metastatic capacity promoted by RUNX2. In vivo, GC cells overexpressing RUNX2 promoted lung metastasis, and the downregulation of COL1A1 reduced the metastasis promoted by RUNX2. CONCLUSIONS RUNX2 may promote GC metastasis by regulating COL1A1. RUNX2/COL1A1 can be employed as a novel target for therapy in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ran Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Zhao W, Yang H, Chai J, Xing L. RUNX2 as a promising therapeutic target for malignant tumors. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2539-2548. [PMID: 33758548 PMCID: PMC7981165 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s302173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor runt-related protein 2 (RUNX2) has an important impact on the transformation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Further studies have shown that RUNX2 plays a key role in the invasion and metastasis of cancers. RUNX2 is a “key” molecule in the regulatory network comprised of multiple signaling pathways upstream and its target downstream molecules. Due to the complex regulatory mechanisms of RUNX2, the specific mechanism underlying the occurrence, development and prognosis of malignant tumors has not been fully understood. Currently, RUNX2 as a promising therapeutic target for cancers has become a research hotspot. Herein, we reviewed the current literature on the modulatory functions and mechanisms of RUNX2 in the development of malignant tumors, aiming to explore its potential clinical application in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, 250117, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Yang
- Department of Nursing, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, 250117, People's Republic of China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan, 250117, People's Republic of China
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14
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Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu H. Transcriptional Programming in Arteriosclerotic Disease: A Multifaceted Function of the Runx2 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:20-34. [PMID: 33115268 PMCID: PMC7770073 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite successful therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis, the cardiovascular complications remain a major clinical and societal issue worldwide. Increased vascular calcification promotes arterial stiffness and accelerates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Upregulation of the Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), an essential osteogenic transcription factor for bone formation, in the cardiovascular system has emerged as an important regulator for adverse cellular events that drive cardiovascular pathology. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms that are critical for Runx2 expression and function and highlights the dynamic and complex cross talks of a wide variety of posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, in regulating Runx2 stability, cellular localization, and osteogenic transcriptional activity. How the activation of an array of signaling cascades by circulating and local microenvironmental factors upregulates Runx2 in vascular cells and promotes Runx2-mediated osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines that accelerate macrophage infiltration and vascular osteoclast formation is summarized. Furthermore, the increasing appreciation of a new role of Runx2 upregulation in promoting vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch, and Runx2 modulated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification and Runx2-dependent repression of smooth muscle cell-specific gene expression are discussed. Further exploring the regulation of this key osteogenic transcription factor and its new perspectives in the vasculature will provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switch, reprograming, and vascular inflammation that promote the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Research Department, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon 97239
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15
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Nakamichi R, Kurimoto R, Tabata Y, Asahara H. Transcriptional, epigenetic and microRNA regulation of growth plate. Bone 2020; 137:115434. [PMID: 32422296 PMCID: PMC7387102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is a critical event in bone formation, particularly in long shaft bones. Many cellular differentiation processes work in concert to facilitate the generation of cartilage primordium to formation of trabecular structures, all of which occur within the growth plate. Previous studies have revealed that the growth plate is tightly regulated by various transcription factors, epigenetic systems, and microRNAs. Hence, understanding these mechanisms that regulate the growth plate is crucial to furthering the current understanding on skeletal diseases, and in formulating effective treatment strategies. In this review, we focus on describing the function and mechanisms of the transcription factors, epigenetic systems, and microRNAs known to regulate the growth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakamichi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryota Kurimoto
- Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tabata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Hirosi Asahara
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MBB-102, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Systems Biomedicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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16
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Hirata-Tsuchiya S, Suzuki S, Okamoto K, Saito N, Yuan H, Yamada S, Jimi E, Shiba H, Kitamura C. A small nuclear acidic protein (MTI-II, Zn 2+-binding protein, parathymosin) attenuates TNF-α inhibition of BMP-induced osteogenesis by enhancing accessibility of the Smad4-NF-κB p65 complex to Smad binding element. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 469:133-142. [PMID: 32304006 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines prevent bone regeneration in vivo and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling has been proposed to lead to suppression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-induced osteogenesis via direct binding of p65 to Smad4 in vitro. Application of a small nuclear acidic protein (MTI-II) and its delivered peptide, MPAID (MTI-II peptide anti-inflammatory drug) has been described to elicit therapeutic potential via strong anti-inflammatory action following the physical association of MTI-II and MPAID with p65. However, it is unclear whether MTI-II attenuates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibition of BMP-induced osteogenesis. Herein, we found that TNF-α-mediated suppression of responses associated with BMP4-induced osteogenesis, including expression of the osteocalcin encoding gene Ocn, Smad binding element (SBE)-dependent luciferase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and alizarin red S staining were largely restored by MTI-II and MPAID in MC3T3-E1 cells. Mechanistically, MTI-II and MPAID did not inhibit nuclear translocation of p65 or disassociate Smad4 from p65. Further, results from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses revealed that Smad4 enrichment in cells over-expressing MTI-II and treated with TNF-α was equivalent to that in cells without TNF-α treatment. Alternatively, Smad4 enrichment was considerably decreased following TNF-α treatment in control cells. Moreover, p65 enrichment in the Id-1 promoter SBE was detected only when cells over-expressing MTI-II were stimulated with TNF-α. Overall, our study concludes that MTI-II restored TNF-α-inhibited suppression of BMP-Smad-induced osteogenic differentiation by enhancing accessibility of the Smad4-p65 complex to the SBE rather than by liberating Smad4 from p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizu Hirata-Tsuchiya
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
| | - Shigeki Suzuki
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan. .,Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Okamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Noriko Saito
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamada
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hideki Shiba
- Department of Biological Endodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kitamura
- Division of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan
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17
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Asparuhova MB, Chappuis V, Stähli A, Buser D, Sculean A. Role of hyaluronan in regulating self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and pre-osteoblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3923-3937. [PMID: 32236725 PMCID: PMC7544712 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of two hyaluronan (HA) formulations on the osteogenic potential of osteoblast precursors. Materials and methods Proliferation rates of HA-treated mesenchymal stromal ST2 and pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were determined by 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. Expression of genes encoding osteogenic differentiation markers, critical growth, and stemness factors as well as activation of downstream signaling pathways in the HA-treated cells were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblot techniques. Results The investigated HAs strongly stimulated the growth of the osteoprogenitor lines and enhanced the expression of genes encoding bone matrix proteins. However, expression of late osteogenic differentiation markers was significantly inhibited, accompanied by decreased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The expression of genes encoding transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) as well as the phosphorylation of the downstream signaling molecules Smad2 and Erk1/2 were enhanced upon HA treatment. We observed significant upregulation of the transcription factor Sox2 and its direct transcription targets and critical stemness genes, Yap1 and Bmi1, in HA-treated cells. Moreover, prominent targets of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway showed reduced expression, whereas inhibitors of the pathway were considerably upregulated. We detected decrease of active β-catenin levels in HA-treated cells due to β-catenin being phosphorylated and, thus, targeted for degradation. Conclusions HA strongly induces the growth of osteoprogenitors and maintains their stemness, thus potentially regulating the balance between self-renewal and differentiation during bone regeneration following reconstructive oral surgeries. Clinical relevance Addition of HA to deficient bone or bony defects during implant or reconstructive periodontal surgeries may be a viable approach for expanding adult stem cells without losing their replicative and differentiation capabilities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00784-020-03259-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Asparuhova
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Vivianne Chappuis
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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18
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Yeom HG, Park WJ, Choi EJ, Kang KH, Lee BD. Case series of cleidocranial dysplasia: Radiographic follow-up study of delayed eruption of impacted permanent teeth. Imaging Sci Dent 2020; 49:307-315. [PMID: 31915617 PMCID: PMC6941838 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2019.49.4.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes 3 cases of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) and presents relevant findings on long-term follow-up radiographic images of impacted permanent teeth with delayed eruption. Radiographic images of 3 CCD patients were reviewed retrospectively. These images were mainly composed of panoramic and skull radiographs, and the follow-up periods were 3, 13, and 13 years, respectively. The distinct features revealed by the images were described, and the eruption state of impacted permanent teeth was evaluated. The features common to the 3 cases were multiple supernumerary teeth, the presence of Wormian bone, underdevelopment of the maxilla and the maxillary sinus, and clavicular hypoplasia. The eruption of impacted permanent teeth was not observed without proper dental treatment in adult CCD cases, even after long time periods had elapsed. When proper orthodontic force was applied, tooth movement was observed in a manner not significantly different from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gyeol Yeom
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Research Institute of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Won-Jong Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Institute of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Institute of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, Research Institute of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Byung-Do Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Research Institute of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
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19
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LncRNA MSC-AS1 promotes osteogenic differentiation and alleviates osteoporosis through sponging microRNA-140–5p to upregulate BMP2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:790-796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Vrathasha V, Weidner H, Nohe A. Mechanism of CK2.3, a Novel Mimetic Peptide of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type IA, Mediated Osteogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2500. [PMID: 31117181 PMCID: PMC6567251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a degenerative skeletal disease with a limited number of treatment options. CK2.3, a novel peptide, may be a potential therapeutic. It induces osteogenesis and bone formation in vitro and in vivo by acting downstream of BMPRIA through releasing CK2 from the receptor. However, the detailed signaling pathways, the time frame of signaling, and genes activated remain largely unknown. METHODS Using a newly developed fluorescent CK2.3 analog, specific inhibitors for the BMP signaling pathways, Western blot, and RT-qPCR, we determined the mechanism of CK2.3 in C2C12 cells. We then confirmed the results in primary BMSCs. RESULTS Using these methods, we showed that CK2.3 stimulation activated OSX, ALP, and OCN. CK2.3 stimulation induced time dependent release of CK2β from BMPRIA and concurrently CK2.3 colocalized with CK2α. Furthermore, CK2.3 induced BMP signaling depends on ERK1/2 and Smad1/5/8 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION CK2.3 is a novel peptide that drives osteogenesis, and we detailed the molecular sequence of events that are triggered from the stimulation of CK2.3 until the induction of mineralization. This knowledge can be applied in the development of future therapeutics for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrathasha Vrathasha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Hilary Weidner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Anja Nohe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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21
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Zhao C, Miao Y, Cao Z, Shi J, Li J, Kang F, Dou C, Xie Z, Xiang Q, Dong S. MicroRNA-29b regulates hypertrophy of murine mesenchymal stem cells induced toward chondrogenesis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8742-8753. [PMID: 30652339 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondrocyte hypertrophy, a terminal stage of chondrocyte differentiation, is essential to the endochondral bone formation and is one of the major pathological factors in osteoarthritis. This study investigated the role of microRNA-29b (miR-29b), which is involved in chondrogenesis, in the regulation of hypertrophy in chondrocytes. METHODS miR-29b expression was assessed during murine mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) chondrogenesis. To detect whether miR-29b affects chondrocyte hypertrophy, the mMSCs induced toward chondrogenesis were transfected with miR-29b or its antisense inhibitor (antagomiR-29b). Finally, the differential effects of antagomiR-29b on chondrocytes at different differentiation stages were evaluated by loss-of-function experiments. RESULTS miR-29b expression was low-level during the early chondrogenic differentiation, however, it was changed to high level during hypertrophy. Subsequently, the gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments had confirmed that miR-29b promoted hypertrophy in mMSC-derived chondrocytes. In addition, we confirmed that on day 7, when cells were treated with antagomiR-29b, was the optimal intervention time for preventing hypertrophic phenotype of mMSCs in vitro. CONCLUSION miR-29b regulated chondrogenesis homeostasis and enhance hypertrophic phenotype. These data suggest that miR-29b is a key regulator of the chondrocyte phenotype derived from mMSCs and it might be a potential target for articular cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Kunming, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Xiang
- Department of Emergency, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Won GW, Sung M, Lee Y, Lee YH. MST2 kinase regulates osteoblast differentiation by phosphorylating and inhibiting Runx2 in C2C12 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:591-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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23
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Nirmala FS, Lee H, Kim JS, Jung CH, Ha TY, Jang YJ, Ahn J. Fermentation Improves the Preventive Effect of Soybean Against Bone Loss in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 6. J Food Sci 2019; 84:349-357. [PMID: 30726579 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteopenia is a preclinical phase of osteoporosis, it occurs naturally with aging and increases the risk of bone fractures in elderly males. Previous studies have revealed the beneficial effects of soybean on preventing bone loss due to its isoflavone contents. Fermentation alters the soybean isoflavone contents, that is, isoflavone glucosides is hydrolyzed into aglycones. However, it is not clear how these alterations influences the preventive effect of soybean on bone loss. In this study, we fed senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6), a model of senile osteopenia, with an equal dosage of nonfermented soybean (NS) or fermented soybean, Doenjang (DJ) for 18 weeks. Mice supplemented with DJ showed 1.13-fold higher bone densities and 1.06-fold longer relative bone lengths than those of osteopenic SAMP6 mice old control (OC), while NS-supplemented mice showed no significant improvement. Supplementation with DJ effectively prevented bone loss in the osteopenia model by the improvement of bone formation and reduction of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, we discovered that DJ increased osteogenesis in SAMP6 mice via BMP2-Smad-Runx2 signaling. These results suggest that the fermentation process could enhance bone loss prevention by soybean and dietary supplementation with fermented soybeans may be beneficial for bone health. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soybean fermentation improved the preventive effects of soybean on bone loss. Therefore, the consumption of fermented soybean, Doenjang, is a potential alternative for aging-related bone loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Sukma Nirmala
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Dep. of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea Univ., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Werner CT, Viswanathan R, Martin JA, Gobira PH, Mitra S, Thomas SA, Wang ZJ, Liu JF, Stewart AF, Neve RL, Li JX, Gancarz AM, Dietz DM. E3 Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase SMURF1 in the Nucleus Accumbens Mediates Cocaine Seeking. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:881-892. [PMID: 30158054 PMCID: PMC6260585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder is a neurobiological disease characterized by episodes of relapse despite periods of withdrawal. It is thought that neuroadaptations in discrete brain areas of the reward pathway, including the nucleus accumbens, underlie these aberrant behaviors. The ubiquitin-proteasome system degrades proteins and has been shown to be involved in cocaine-induced plasticity, but the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which conjugate ubiquitin to substrates, is unknown. Here, we examined E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF1 (SMURF1) in neuroadaptations and relapse behavior during withdrawal following cocaine self-administration. METHODS SMURF1 and downstream targets ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA), SMAD1/5, and Runt-related transcript factor 2 were examined using Western blotting (n = 9-11/group), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n = 6-9/group), co-immunoprecipitation (n = 9-11/group), tandem ubiquitin binding entities affinity purification (n = 5-6/group), and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (n = 3-6/group) (2 rats/sample). Viral-mediated gene transfer (n = 7-12/group) and intra-accumbal microinjections (n = 9-10/group) were used to examine causal roles of SMURF1 and substrate RhoA, respectively, in cue-induced cocaine seeking. RESULTS SMURF1 protein expression was decreased, while SMURF1 substrates RhoA and SMAD1/5 were increased, in the nucleus accumbens on withdrawal day 7, but not on withdrawal day 1, following cocaine self-administration. Viral-mediated gene transfer of Smurf1 or constitutive activation of RhoA attenuated cue-induced cocaine seeking, while catalytically inactive Smurf1 enhanced cocaine seeking. Furthermore, SMURF1-regulated, SMAD1/5-associated transcription factor Runt-related transcript factor 2 displayed increased binding at promoter regions of genes previously associated with cocaine-induced plasticity. CONCLUSIONS SMURF1 is a key mediator of neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens following cocaine exposure and mediates cue-induced cocaine seeking during withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rathipriya Viswanathan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jennifer A Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Pedro H Gobira
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Swarup Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shruthi A Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Zi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Gene Delivery Technology Core, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jun-Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Amy M Gancarz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; Department of Psychology, California State University, Bakersfield, Bakersfield, California
| | - David M Dietz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Program in Neuroscience, Research Institute on Addictions, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York; Department of Psychology, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
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Simple surface biofunctionalization of biphasic calcium phosphates for improving osteogenic activity and bone tissue regeneration. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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TGF-β Signaling and the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition during Palatal Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113638. [PMID: 30463190 PMCID: PMC6274911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays an important role in development, including in palatogenesis. The dynamic morphological process of palatal fusion occurs to achieve separation of the nasal and oral cavities. Critically and specifically important in palatal fusion are the medial edge epithelial (MEE) cells, which are initially present at the palatal midline seam and over the course of the palate fusion process are lost from the seam, due to cell migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and/or programed cell death. In order to define the role of TGF-β signaling during this process, several approaches have been utilized, including a small interfering RNA (siRNA) strategy targeting TGF-β receptors in an organ culture context, the use of genetically engineered mice, such as Wnt1-cre/R26R double transgenic mice, and a cell fate tracing through utilization of cell lineage markers. These approaches have permitted investigators to distinguish some specific traits of well-defined cell populations throughout the palatogenic events. In this paper, we summarize the current understanding on the role of TGF-β signaling, and specifically its association with MEE cell fate during palatal fusion. TGF-β is highly regulated both temporally and spatially, with TGF-β3 and Smad2 being the preferentially expressed signaling molecules in the critical cells of the fusion processes. Interestingly, the accessory receptor, TGF-β type 3 receptor, is also critical for palatal fusion, with evidence for its significance provided by Cre-lox systems and siRNA approaches. This suggests the high demand of ligand for this fine-tuned signaling process. We discuss the new insights in the fate of MEE cells in the midline epithelial seam (MES) during the palate fusion process, with a particular focus on the role of TGF-β signaling.
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Yao F, Yin L, Feng S, Wang X, Zhang A, Zhou H. Functional characterization of grass carp runt-related transcription factor 3: Involvement in TGF-β1-mediated c-Myc transcription in fish cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:130-135. [PMID: 30099141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, both runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and c-Myc are the downstream effectors of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling to mediate various cellular responses. However, information of their interaction especially in fish is lacking. In the present study, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) runx3 (gcrunx3) cDNA was cloned and identified. Interestingly, opposing effects of recombinant grass carp TGF-β1 (rgcTGF-β1) on c-myc and runx3 mRNA expression were observed in grass carp periphery blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Parallelly, Runx3 protein levels were enhanced by rgcTGF-β1 in the cells. These findings prompted us to examine whether Runx3 can mediate the inhibition of TGF-β1 on c-myc expression in fish cells. In line with this, overexpression of grass carp Runx3 and Runx3 DN (a dominant-negative form of Runx3) in grass carp kidney cell line (CIK) cells decreased and increased c-myc transcript levels, respectively. Particularly, the regulation of Runx3 and Runx3 DN on c-myc mRNA expression was direct since they were presented in the nucleus without any stimulation. In addition, rgcTGF-β1 alone suppressed c-myc mRNA expression in CIK cells as in PBLs. Moreover, this inhibitory effect was also observed when grass carp Runx3 and Runx3 DN were overexpressed. These results strengthened the role of TGF-β1 signaling in controlling c-myc transcription. Taken together, TGF-β1-mediated c-myc expression was affected at least in part by Runx3, thereby firstly exploring the functional role of Runx3 in TGF-β1 down-regulation on c-myc mRNA expression in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Pei D, Sun J, Zhu C, Tian F, Jiao K, Anderson MR, Yiu C, Huang C, Jin C, Bergeron BE, Chen J, Tay FR, Niu L. Contribution of Mitophagy to Cell-Mediated Mineralization: Revisiting a 50-Year-Old Conundrum. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1800873. [PMID: 30356983 PMCID: PMC6193168 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization in vertebrates is initiated via amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) precursors. These precursors infiltrate the extracellular collagen matrix where they undergo phase transformation into intrafibrillar carbonated apatite. Although it is well established that ACP precursors are released from intracellular vesicles through exocytosis, an unsolved enigma in this cell-mediated mineralization process is how ACP precursors, initially produced in the mitochondria, are translocated to the intracellular vesicles. The present study proposes that mitophagy provides the mechanism for transfer of ACP precursors from the dysfunctioned mitochondria to autophagosomes, which, upon fusion with lysosomes, become autolysosomes where the mitochondrial ACP precursors coalesce to form larger intravesicular granules, prior to their release into the extracellular matrix. Apart from endowing the mitochondria with the function of ACP delivery through mitophagy, the present results indicate that mitophagy, triggered upon intramitochondrial ACP accumulation in osteogenic lineage-committed mesenchymal stem cells, participates in the biomineralization process through the BMP/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐dan Pei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research Department of ProsthodonticsCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004P. R. China
| | - Jin‐long Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Chun‐hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research Department of ProsthodonticsCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004P. R. China
| | - Fu‐cong Tian
- Department of EndodonticsThe Dental College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Matthew R. Anderson
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit of the Faculty of DentistryPrince Philip Dental HospitalUniversity of Hong KongHong KongSAR999077P. R. China
| | - Cynthia Yiu
- Department of EndodonticsThe Dental College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
| | - Cui Huang
- Department of ProsthodonticsSchool and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Chang‐xiong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research Department of ProsthodonticsCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710004P. R. China
| | - Brian E. Bergeron
- Department of EndodonticsThe Dental College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
| | - Ji‐hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Li‐na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
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Thouverey C, Ferrari S, Caverzasio J. Selective inhibition of Src family kinases by SU6656 increases bone mass by uncoupling bone formation from resorption in mice. Bone 2018; 113:95-104. [PMID: 29751129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mice deficient in the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src exhibit high bone mass due to impaired bone resorption and increased bone formation. Although several Src family kinase inhibitors inhibit bone resorption in vivo, they display variable effects on bone formation. SU6656 is a selective Src family kinase inhibitor with weaker activity towards the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Abl and receptor tyrosine kinases which are required for appropriate osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and function. Therefore, we sought to determine whether SU6656 could increase bone mass by inhibiting bone resorption and by stimulating bone formation, and to explore its mechanisms of action. Four-month-old female C57Bl/6J mice received intraperitoneal injections of either 25 mg/kg SU6656 or its vehicle every other day for 12 weeks. SU6656-treated mice exhibited increased bone mineral density, cortical thickness, cancellous bone volume and trabecular thickness. SU6656 inhibited bone resorption in mice as shown by reduced osteoclast number, and diminished expressions of Oscar, Trap5b and CtsK. SU6656 did not affect Rankl or Opg expressions. However, it blocked c-fms signaling, osteoclastogenesis and matrix resorption, and induced osteoclast apoptosis in vitro. In addition, SU6656 stimulated bone formation rates at trabecular, endosteal and periosteal bone envelopes, and increased osteoblast number in trabecular bone. SU6656 did not affect expressions of clastokines favoring bone formation in mice. However, it stimulated osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization by specifically facilitating BMP-SMAD signaling pathway in vitro. Knockdown of Src and Yes mimicked the stimulatory effect of SU6656 on osteoblast differentiation. In conclusion, SU6656 uncouples bone formation from resorption by inhibiting osteoclast development, function and survival, and by enhancing BMP-mediated osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Thouverey
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Caverzasio
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Liu X, Cao F, Liu S, Mi Y, Liu J. BMP2/Smad signaling pathway is involved in the inhibition function of fibroblast growth factor 21 on vascular calcification. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:930-937. [PMID: 29932916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is extremely common and associated with major adverse cardiovascular events. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 has been identified as a potent metabolic regulator and a protector of the cardiovascular system. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of FGF21 on calcification of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and its mechanism. FGF21 inhibited beta-glycerophosphate (BGP) induced mineralization in VSMCs as determined by calcium concentration and Alizarin Red S. FGF21 suppressed BGP-induced BMP2/Smad signaling pathway components as well as osteoblast differentiation markers. FGF21 and Noggin could synergistically inhibit BGP-induced BMP2/Smad pathway expressions and calcification. Taken together, FGF21 inhibits vascular calcification in vitro by modulating BMP2/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fangying Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Mi
- Emergency & Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Zhang Z, Li K, Yan M, Lin Q, Lv J, Zhu P, Xu Y. Metabolomics profiling of cleidocranial dysplasia. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1031-1040. [PMID: 29943367 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal-dominantly inherited skeletal dysplasia that is predominantly associated with heterozygous mutations of RUNX2. However, no information is available regarding metabolic changes associated with CCD at present. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed members of a CCD family and checked for mutations in the RUNX2 coding sequence using the nucleotide BLAST program. The 3D protein structure of mutant RUNX2 was predicted by I-TASSER. Finally, we analyzed metabolites extracted from plasma using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS We identified a novel mutation (c.1061insT) that generates a premature termination in the RUNX2 coding region, which, based on protein structure prediction models, likely alters the protein's function. Interestingly, metabolomics profiling indicated that 30 metabolites belonging to 13 metabolic pathways were significantly changed in the CCD patients compared to normal controls. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight interesting correlations between a RUNX2 mutation, metabolic changes, and the clinical features in a family with CCD. The results also contribute to our understanding of the pathogenetic processes underlying this rare disorder. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides the first metabolomics profiling in CCD patients, expands our insights into the pathogenesis of the disorder, may help in diagnostics and its refinements, and may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Li
- San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, University of California, 214 Dickinson St., Bldg CTF, Room C111, San Diego, CA, 92103-8467, USA
| | - Mengdie Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 366, South of Jiangnan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahong Lv
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillafacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuanxi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510055, People's Republic of China.
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Maturi V, Enroth S, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. Genome-wide binding of transcription factor ZEB1 in triple-negative breast cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7113-7127. [PMID: 29744893 PMCID: PMC6055758 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a transcriptional regulator involved in embryonic development and cancer progression. ZEB1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Triple-negative human breast cancers express high ZEB1 mRNA levels and exhibit features of EMT. In the human triple-negative breast cancer cell model Hs578T, ZEB1 associates with almost 2,000 genes, representing many cellular functions, including cell polarity regulation (DLG2 and FAT3). By introducing a CRISPR-Cas9-mediated 30 bp deletion into the ZEB1 second exon, we observed reduced migratory and anchorage-independent growth capacity of these tumor cells. Transcriptomic analysis of control and ZEB1 knockout cells, revealed 1,372 differentially expressed genes. The TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 and the teneurin transmembrane protein 2 genes showed increased expression upon loss of ZEB1, possibly mediating pro-tumorigenic actions of ZEB1. This work provides a resource for regulators of cancer progression that function under the transcriptional control of ZEB1. The data confirm that removing a single EMT transcription factor, such as ZEB1, is not sufficient for reverting the triple-negative mesenchymal breast cancer cells into more differentiated, epithelial-like clones, but can reduce tumorigenic potential, suggesting that not all pro-tumorigenic actions of ZEB1 are linked to the EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Maturi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Yan J, Li J, Hu J, Zhang L, Wei C, Sultana N, Cai X, Zhang W, Cai CL. Smad4 deficiency impairs chondrocyte hypertrophy via the Runx2 transcription factor in mouse skeletal development. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:9162-9175. [PMID: 29735531 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte hypertrophy is the terminal step in chondrocyte differentiation and is crucial for endochondral bone formation. How signaling pathways regulate chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation remains incompletely understood. In this study, using a Tbx18:Cre (Tbx18Cre/+) gene-deletion approach, we selectively deleted the gene for the signaling protein SMAD family member 4 (Smad4f/f ) in the limbs of mice. We found that the Smad4-deficient mice develop a prominent shortened limb, with decreased expression of chondrocyte differentiation markers, including Col2a1 and Acan, in the humerus at mid-to-late gestation. The most striking defects in these mice were the absence of stylopod elements and failure of chondrocyte hypertrophy in the humerus. Moreover, expression levels of the chondrocyte hypertrophy-related markers Col10a1 and Panx3 were significantly decreased. Of note, we also observed that the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a critical mediator of chondrocyte hypertrophy, was also down-regulated in Smad4-deficient limbs. To determine how the skeletal defects arose in the mouse mutants, we performed RNA-Seq with ChIP-Seq analyses and found that Smad4 directly binds to regulatory elements in the Runx2 promoter. Our results suggest a new mechanism whereby Smad4 controls chondrocyte hypertrophy by up-regulating Runx2 expression during skeletal development. The regulatory mechanism involving Smad4-mediated Runx2 activation uncovered here provides critical insights into bone development and pathogenesis of chondrodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Yan
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029.,the Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou 510280, China, and
| | - Jun Li
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Jun Hu
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Lu Zhang
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Chengguo Wei
- the Renal Division of the Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Nishat Sultana
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Xiaoqiang Cai
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Weijia Zhang
- the Renal Division of the Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- From the Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, and The Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029,
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteogenesis is a complex process involving the specification of multiple progenitor cells and their maturation and differentiation into matrix-secreting osteoblasts. Osteogenesis occurs not only during embryogenesis but also during growth, after an injury, and in normal homeostatic maintenance. While much is known about osteogenesis-associated regulatory genes, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are epigenetic regulators of protein expression, is just beginning to be explored. While miRNAs do not abrogate all protein expression, their purpose is to finely tune it, allowing for a timely and temporary protein down-regulation. RECENT FINDINGS The last decade has unveiled a multitude of miRNAs that regulate key proteins within the osteogenic lineage, thus qualifying them as "ostemiRs." These miRNAs may endogenously target an activator or inhibitor of differentiation, and depending on the target, may either lead to the prolongation of a progenitor maintenance state or to early differentiation. Interestingly, cellular identity seems intimately coupled to the expression of miRNAs, which participate in the suppression of previous and subsequent differentiation steps. In such cases where key osteogenic proteins were identified as direct targets of miRNAs in non-bone cell types, or through bioinformatic prediction, future research illuminating the activity of these miRNAs during osteogenesis will be extremely valuable. Many bone-related diseases involve the dysregulation of transcription factors or other proteins found within osteoblasts and their progenitors, and the dysregulation of miRNAs, which target such factors, may play a pivotal role in disease etiology, or even as a possible therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Sera
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 1113 Biological Sciences Building, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nicole I Zur Nieden
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience and Stem Cell Center, College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, 1113 Biological Sciences Building, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Paiva KBS, Granjeiro JM. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Bone Resorption, Remodeling, and Repair. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:203-303. [PMID: 28662823 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the major protease family responsible for the cleavage of the matrisome (global composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteome) and proteins unrelated to the ECM, generating bioactive molecules. These proteins drive ECM remodeling, in association with tissue-specific and cell-anchored inhibitors (TIMPs and RECK, respectively). In the bone, the ECM mediates cell adhesion, mechanotransduction, nucleation of mineralization, and the immobilization of growth factors to protect them from damage or degradation. Since the first description of an MMP in bone tissue, many other MMPs have been identified, as well as their inhibitors. Numerous functions have been assigned to these proteins, including osteoblast/osteocyte differentiation, bone formation, solubilization of the osteoid during bone resorption, osteoclast recruitment and migration, and as a coupling factor in bone remodeling under physiological conditions. In turn, a number of pathologies, associated with imbalanced bone remodeling, arise mainly from MMP overexpression and abnormalities of the ECM, leading to bone osteolysis or bone formation. In this review, we will discuss the functions of MMPs and their inhibitors in bone cells, during bone remodeling, pathological bone resorption (osteoporosis and bone metastasis), bone repair/regeneration, and emergent roles in bone bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiucia B S Paiva
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology and Cellular Interaction (LabMec), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - José M Granjeiro
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (InMetro), Bioengineering Laboratory, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil; Fluminense Federal University, Dental School, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Chen Y, Hu Y, Yang L, Zhou J, Tang Y, Zheng L, Qin P. Runx2 alleviates high glucose-suppressed osteogenic differentiation via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:822-832. [PMID: 28462510 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the most important pathogenesis of diabetic osteopathy. Several lines of studies indicate Runx2 plays a critical role in the process of osteogenic differentiation. However, little studies have analyzed the effect of Runx2 on osteoblast differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in high-glucose condition. In this study, the effect of Runx2 on osteoblast differentiation in high-glucose condition was evaluated by the expression of osteogenesis-related maker including Runx2, ALP, OC, and OPN, as well as ALP staining, ALP activity, and Alizarin red S staining. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein expression levels of p-AKT, AKT, p-GSK3β, GSK3β, and β-catenin. Immunofluorescence staining analysis was performed to detect subcellular localization of β-catenin. Our results revealed that high glucose significantly inhibited osteogenic differentiation, hyperosmolarity did not cause a suppression. In addition, Runx2 could upregulate the expression of osteogenic-related genes and increase matrix mineralization, while applying 10 µM PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 abolished the beneficial effect. Collectively, these results indicate that Runx2 alleviates high glucose-induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by modulating PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yun Hu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yuying Tang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Leilei Zheng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Pu Qin
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, 401147, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, 401147, China
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Peters SB, Wang Y, Serra R. Tgfbr2 is required in osterix expressing cells for postnatal skeletal development. Bone 2017; 97:54-64. [PMID: 28043895 PMCID: PMC5368008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is known to play an important role in early skeletal development. We previously demonstrated that loss of TGFβ receptor II (Tgfbr2) in Prx1-Cre-expressing mesenchyme results in defects in long bones, joints, and the skull vault in mice resulting from reduced naïve mesenchymal proliferation and condensation that interrupted osteoblast differentiation. In contrast, others have shown that the loss of Tgfbr2 in fully differentiated mature osteoblasts results in increased bone volume. To study the role of Tgfbr2 in immature osteoblasts, we generated Osx-Cre;Tgfbr2fl/fl mice and found defects in the postnatal development of the skull vault and long bones as compared to controls. No discernible skeletal defects were observed in newborn mice; however, at postnatal day 24 (P24), Tgfbr2-deleted mice demonstrated short stature that correlated with reduced proliferation in the growth plate. X-ray and microCT analysis of long bone and skull from P24 mice showed reduced bone volume. Histomorphometry indicated reductions in osteoblast number but not osteoclast number. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated mRNA levels for the osteoblast marker, Runx2, were not altered but mRNA levels of a marker for mature osteoblasts, Bglap, were down in mutant calvaria relative to controls. The mRNA of a proliferation marker, proliferative nuclear cell antigen (PCNA), was also reduced whereas the ratio of Bax2:Bcl2 was unaltered to demonstrate no change in apoptosis. These results suggest proliferation and maturation of immature osteoblasts requires Tgfbr2 signaling and that decreased bone volume in Osx-Cre;Tgfbr2fl/fl mice is likely due to fewer mature osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Peters
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham AL 35294, USA
| | - Rosa Serra
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1918 University Boulevard, Birmingham AL 35294, USA.
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Niu P, Zhong Z, Wang M, Huang G, Xu S, Hou Y, Yan Y, Wang H. Zinc finger transcription factor Sp7/Osterix acts on bone formation and regulates col10a1a expression in zebrafish. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:174-184. [PMID: 36659402 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sp7/Osterix as a zinc finger transcription factor is expressed specifically in osteoblasts. Embryonic lethality of Sp7 knockout mice, however, has prevented from examining the functions of Sp7 in osteoblast and bone formation in live animals. Here we used TALEN, a versatile genome-editing tool, to generate one zebrafish sp7 mutant line. Homozygous sp7-/- mutant zebrafish are able to survive to adulthood. Alizarin Red staining and Micro-CT analysis showed that sp7-/- larvae and adult fish fail to develop normal opercula, and display curved tail fins and severe craniofacial malformation, while Alcian Blue staining showed no obvious cartilage defects in sp7-/- fish. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that a number of osteoblast markers including spp1, phex, col1ala, and col1a1b are significantly down-regulated in sp7-/- fish. Furthermore, col10a1a, whose ortholog is the cartilage marker in mice, was shown to be a novel downstream gene of Sp7 as an osteoblast marker in zebrafish. Together, these results suggest that Sp7 is required for zebrafish bone development and zebrafish sp7 mutants provide animal models for investigating novel aspects of bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Niu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhaomin Zhong
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Hou
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1254, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; School of Biology & Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Stabley JN, Towler DA. Arterial Calcification in Diabetes Mellitus: Preclinical Models and Translational Implications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:205-217. [PMID: 28062508 PMCID: PMC5480317 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.306258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increasingly afflicts our aging and dysmetabolic population. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the antecedent metabolic syndrome represent the vast majority of the disease burden-increasingly prevalent in children and older adults. However, type 1 diabetes mellitus is also advancing in preadolescent children. As such, a crushing wave of cardiometabolic disease burden now faces our society. Arteriosclerotic calcification is increased in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and type 1 diabetes mellitus-impairing conduit vessel compliance and function, thereby increasing the risk for dementia, stroke, heart attack, limb ischemia, renal insufficiency, and lower extremity amputation. Preclinical models of these dysmetabolic settings have provided insights into the pathobiology of arterial calcification. Osteochondrogenic morphogens in the BMP-Wnt signaling relay and transcriptional regulatory programs driven by Msx and Runx gene families are entrained to innate immune responses-responses activated by the dysmetabolic state-to direct arterial matrix deposition and mineralization. Recent studies implicate the endothelial-mesenchymal transition in contributing to the phenotypic drift of mineralizing vascular progenitors. In this brief overview, we discuss preclinical disease models that provide mechanistic insights-and point to challenges and opportunities to translate these insights into new therapeutic strategies for our patients afflicted with diabetes mellitus and its arteriosclerotic complications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Arteries/metabolism
- Arteries/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Hyperlipidemias/complications
- Hyperlipidemias/genetics
- Male
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
- Translational Research, Biomedical
- Vascular Calcification/etiology
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Stabley
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Dwight A Towler
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
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40
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Qin XY, Jia PZ, Zhao HX, Li WR, Chen F, Lin JX. Novel Mutation of Cleidocranial Dysplasia-related Frameshift Runt-related Transcription Factor 2 in a Sporadic Chinese Case. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:165-170. [PMID: 28091408 PMCID: PMC5282673 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.197996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disease that affects the skeletal system. Common symptoms of CCD include hypoplasia or aplasia of the clavicles, delayed or even absent closure of the fontanels, midface hypoplasia, short stature, and delayed eruption of permanent and supernumerary teeth. Previous studies reported a connection between CCD and the haploinsufficiency of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). Here, we report a sporadic Chinese case presenting typical symptoms of CCD. METHODS We made genetic testing on this sporadic Chinese case and identified a novel RUNX2 frameshift mutation: c.1111dupT. In situ immunofluorescence microscopy and osteocalcin promoter luciferase assay were performed to compare the functions of the RUNX2 mutation with those of wild-type RUNX2. RESULTS RUNX2 mutation was observed in the perinuclear region, cytoplasm, and nuclei. In contrast, wild-type RUNX2 was confined in the nuclei, which indicated that the subcellular compartmentalization of RUNX2 mutation was partially perturbed. The transactivation function on osteocalcin promoter of the RUNX2 mutation was obviously abrogated. CONCLUSIONS We identified a sporadic CCD patient carrying a novel insertion/frameshift mutation of RUNX2. This finding expanded our understanding of CCD-related phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pei-Zeng Jia
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei-Ran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiu-Xiang Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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Covalent Modifications of RUNX Proteins: Structure Affects Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:33-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of ligands elicit their biological effects by initiating new programs of gene expression. The best understood signal transducers for these ligands are the SMADs, which essentially act as transcription factors that are activated in the cytoplasm and then accumulate in the nucleus in response to ligand induction where they bind to enhancer/promoter sequences in the regulatory regions of target genes to either activate or repress transcription. This review focuses on the mechanisms whereby the SMADs achieve this and the functional implications. The SMAD complexes have weak affinity for DNA and limited specificity and, thus, they cooperate with other site-specific transcription factors that act either to actively recruit the SMAD complexes or to stabilize their DNA binding. In some situations, these cooperating transcription factors function to integrate the signals from TGF-β family ligands with environmental cues or with information about cell lineage. Activated SMAD complexes regulate transcription via remodeling of the chromatin template. Consistent with this, they recruit a variety of coactivators and corepressors to the chromatin, which either directly or indirectly modify histones and/or modulate chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Hill
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
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Yang X, Huo H, Xiu C, Song M, Han Y, Li Y, Zhu Y. Inhibition of osteoblast differentiation by aluminum trichloride exposure is associated with inhibition of BMP-2/Smad pathway component expression. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:120-126. [PMID: 27600293 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)/Smad signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating osteoblast (OB) differentiation. OB differentiation is a key process of bone formation. Aluminum (Al) exposure inhibits bone formation and causes Al-induced bone disease. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. To investigate whether BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway is associated with OB differentiation in aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)-treated OBs, the primary rat OBs were cultured and exposed to 0 (control group, CG), 1/40 IC50 (low-dose group, LG), 1/20 IC50 (mid-dose group, MG), and 1/10 IC50 (high-dose group, HG) of AlCl3 for 24 h, respectively. We found that the expressions of OB differentiation markers (Runx-2, Osterix and ALP) and BMP-2/Smad signaling pathway components (BMP-2, BMPR-IA, p-BMPR-IA, BMPR-II, p-Smad1/5/8 and p-Smad1/5/8/4) were all decreased in AlCl3-treated OBs compared with the CG. These results indicated that inhibition of OB differentiation by AlCl3 was associated with inhibition of BMP-2/Smad pathway component expression. Our findings provide a novel insight into the mechanism of AlCl3-induced bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunyu Xiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Miao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yanzhu Zhu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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New insights into transcriptional and leukemogenic mechanisms of AML1-ETO and E2A fusion proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:285-304. [PMID: 28261265 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-016-1415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases are caused by aberrant expression of AML1-ETO, a fusion protein generated by the t(8;21) chromosomal translocation. Since its discovery, AML1-ETO has served as a prototype to understand how leukemia fusion proteins deregulate transcription to promote leukemogenesis. Another leukemia fusion protein, E2A-Pbx1, generated by the t(1;19) translocation, is involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs). While AML1-ETO and E2A-Pbx1 are structurally unrelated fusion proteins, we have recently shown that a common axis, the ETO/E-protein interaction, is involved in the regulation of both fusion proteins, underscoring the importance of studying protein-protein interactions in elucidating the mechanisms of leukemia fusion proteins. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aim to summarize these new developments while also providing a historic overview of the related early studies. METHODS A total of 218 publications were reviewed in this article, a majority of which were published after 2004.We also downloaded 3D structures of AML1-ETO domains from Protein Data Bank and provided a systematic summary of their structures. RESULTS By reviewing the literature, we summarized early and recent findings on AML1-ETO, including its protein-protein interactions, transcriptional and leukemogenic mechanisms, as well as the recently reported involvement of ETO family corepressors in regulating the function of E2A-Pbx1. CONCLUSION While the recent development in genomic and structural studies has clearly demonstrated that the fusion proteins function by directly regulating transcription, a further understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including crosstalk with other transcription factors and cofactors, and the protein-protein interactions in the context of native proteins, may be necessary for the development of highly targeted drugs for leukemia therapy.
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Sun X, Wang X, Zhang C, Liu Y, Yang X, Yan W, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zheng S. RUNX2 mutation impairs bone remodelling of dental follicle cells and periodontal ligament cells in patients with cleidocranial dysplasia. Mutagenesis 2016; 31:677-685. [PMID: 27509906 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX2 is an important osteo-specific factor with crucial functions in bone formation and remodelling as well as resorption of teeth. Heterozygous mutation of RUNX2 can cause cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), a systemic disease with extensive skeletal dysplasia and abnormality of tooth growth. In our study, dental follicle cells (DFCs) and periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) were isolated, cultured and identified from one patient with CCD and compared with normal controls. This CCD patient was confirmed to have a heterozygous frameshift mutation of RUNX2 (c.514delT, p.Ser172fs) in the previous study. The results showed that the proliferation abilities of DFCs and PDLCs were both disturbed by the RUNX2 mutation in the CCD patient compared with the normal control. A co-culture system of these cells with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was then used to investigate the effect of RUNX2 mutation on osteoclastogenesis. We found that the RUNX2 mutation in CCD reduced the expression of osteoclast-related genes, such as RUNX2, CTR, CTSK, RANKL and OPG The ability of osteoclastogenesis in DFCs and PDLCs detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining in the co-culture system was also reduced by the RUNX2 mutation compared with the normal control. These outcomes indicate that the RUNX2 mutation disturbs the modulatory effects of DFCs and PDLCs on the differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, thereby interfering with bone remodelling. These effects may contribute in part to the pathological manifestations of retention of primary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth in patients with CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhe Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 5 Haiyuncang Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Outpatient Center of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, A37 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongning Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China and
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China,
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Li M, Zhang ND, Wang Y, Han T, Jiang YP, Rahman K, Qin LP, Xin HL, Zhang QY. Coordinate regulatory osteogenesis effects of icariin, timosaponin B II and ferulic acid from traditional Chinese medicine formulas on UMR-106 osteoblastic cells and osteoblasts in neonatal rat calvaria cultures. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:120-131. [PMID: 26983755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Icariin (I), ferulic acid (F) and timosaponin B II (T) derived respectively from the leaf of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim (EBM, Berberidaceae), rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge (AAB, Liliaceae) and root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (ASD, Umbelliferae) are included in several traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for the treatment of osteoporosis. In addition, the medicinal materials and chemical constituents in many traditional Chinese formulas have been shown to have potential synergistic, additive and antagonistic effects. AIM OF STUDY To explore the action mechanism and interactions between I, T and F as bone anabolic ingredients on osteoblasts, and fully understand their action mechanism and rationality of the formula design. MATERIALS AND METHODS An osteoporotic model was established in bilaterally ovariectomized mice. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC) and serum biochemical parameters including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and deoxypyridinoline cross-links (DPD) were measured to evaluate the effects of I, T or F alone and their combinations on osteoporotic mice. UMR-106 osteoblastic cells and primary osteoblasts in neonatal rat calvarias were used to evaluate the osteogenesis effect. The immunohistochemical method and Western-blot analysis were used to detect the expression of critical proteins in the process of proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. RESULTS IFT combinations enhanced the therapeutic effect without increasing the adverse effects on osteoporotic mice, synergistically increased the osteoblast proliferation, ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation, and promoted the expression of bone matrix by regulating BMP and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in osteoblasts. CONCLUSION IFT combinations reinforced the therapeutic effect on osteoporosis by modulating multi-signaling pathways and action targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; XiaMen ZhongKe New Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China.
| | - Nai-Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, PLA 102 Hospital, Changzhou, 213003 China.
| | - Ting Han
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey Baron
- Section on Growth and Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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Meng F, Xu L, Huang S, Liu Y, Hou Y, Wang K, Jiang X, Li G. Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N (Sm51) promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by regulating Runx2. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:155-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhong Z, Niu P, Wang M, Huang G, Xu S, Sun Y, Xu X, Hou Y, Sun X, Yan Y, Wang H. Targeted disruption of sp7 and myostatin with CRISPR-Cas9 results in severe bone defects and more muscular cells in common carp. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22953. [PMID: 26976234 PMCID: PMC4791634 DOI: 10.1038/srep22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) as one of the most important aquaculture fishes produces over 3 million metric tones annually, approximately 10% the annual production of the all farmed freshwater fish worldwide. However, the tetraploidy genome and long generation-time of the common carp have made its breeding and genetic studies extremely difficult. Here, TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9, two versatile genome-editing tools, are employed to target common carp bone-related genes sp7, runx2, bmp2a, spp1, opg, and muscle suppressor gene mstn. TALEN were shown to induce mutations in the target coding sites of sp7, runx2, spp1 and mstn. With CRISPR-Cas9, the two common carp sp7 genes, sp7a and sp7b, were mutated individually, all resulting in severe bone defects; while mstnba mutated fish have grown significantly more muscle cells. We also employed CRISPR-Cas9 to generate double mutant fish of sp7a;mstnba with high efficiencies in a single step. These results demonstrate that both TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 are highly efficient tools for modifying the common carp genome, and open avenues for facilitating common carp genetic studies and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Zhong
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Niu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuhao Xu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Hou
- School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yilin Yan
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Center for Circadian Clocks, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.,School of Biology &Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
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50
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Shi D, Xu X, Ye Y, Song K, Cheng Y, Di J, Hu Q, Li J, Ju H, Jiang Q, Gu Z. Photo-Cross-Linked Scaffold with Kartogenin-Encapsulated Nanoparticles for Cartilage Regeneration. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1292-9. [PMID: 26757419 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of cartilage, an aneural and avascular tissue, is often compromised by its lack of innate abilities to mount a sufficient healing response. Kartogenin (KGN), a small molecular compound, can induce bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into chondrocytes. The previous in vitro study showed that kartogenin also had a chondrogenesis effect on synovium derived mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs). Herein, we present the effect of an ultraviolet-reactive, rapidly cross-linkable scaffold integrated with kartogenin-loaded nanoparticles using an innovational one-step technology. In vivo studies showed its potential role for cell homing, especially for recruiting the host's endogenous cells, including BMSCs and SMSCs, without cell transplantation. Of note, the regenerated tissues were close to the natural hyaline cartilage based on the histological tests, specific markers analysis, and biomechanical tests. This innovative KGN release system makes the chondrogenesis efficient and persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongquan Shi
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University , Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu China
| | - Xingquan Xu
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University , Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu China
| | - Yanqi Ye
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kai Song
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University , Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu China
| | | | - Jin Di
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Quanyin Hu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | - Qing Jiang
- The Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Joint Disease, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University , Zhongshan Road 321, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu China
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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