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Ventriglia S, Kalcheim C. From neural tube to spinal cord: The dynamic journey of the dorsal neuroepithelium. Dev Biol 2024; 511:26-38. [PMID: 38580174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In a developing embryo, formation of tissues and organs is remarkably precise in both time and space. Through cell-cell interactions, neighboring progenitors coordinate their activities, sequentially generating distinct types of cells. At present, we only have limited knowledge, rather than a systematic understanding, of the underlying logic and mechanisms responsible for cell fate transitions. The formation of the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord is an outstanding model to tackle these dynamics, as it first generates the peripheral nervous system and is later responsible for transmitting sensory information from the periphery to the brain and for coordinating local reflexes. This is reflected first by the ontogeny of neural crest cells, progenitors of the peripheral nervous system, followed by formation of the definitive roof plate of the central nervous system and specification of adjacent interneurons, then a transformation of roof plate into dorsal radial glia and ependyma lining the forming central canal. How do these peripheral and central neural branches segregate from common progenitors? How are dorsal radial glia established concomitant with transformation of the neural tube lumen into a central canal? How do the dorsal radial glia influence neighboring cells? This is only a partial list of questions whose clarification requires the implementation of experimental paradigms in which precise control of timing is crucial. Here, we outline some available answers and still open issues, while highlighting the contributions of avian models and their potential to address mechanisms of neural patterning and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ventriglia
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102, P.O.Box 12272, Israel.
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 9112102, P.O.Box 12272, Israel.
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2
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Jin X, Dong W, Chang K, Yan Y. Research on the signaling pathways related to the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in Parkinson's disease:A literature review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 326:117850. [PMID: 38331124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 10 million people worldwide and is characterized by the progressive loss of Daergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. It has been reported that signaling pathways play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PD, while the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have been found to possess a protective effect against PD. TCM has demonstrated significant potential in mitigating oxidative stress (OS), neuroinflammation, and apoptosis of DA neurons via the regulation of signaling pathways associated with PD. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study discussed and analyzed the signaling pathways involved in the occurrence and development of PD and the mechanism of active ingredients of TCM regulating PD via signaling pathways, with the aim of providing a basis for the development and clinical application of therapeutic strategies for TCM in PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS With "Parkinson's disease", "Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease", "Lewy Body Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson Disease, Idiopathic", "Parkinson's disorders", "Parkinsonism syndrome", "Traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine", "active ingredients", "medicinal plants" as the main keywords, PubMed, Web of Science and other online search engines were used for literature retrieval. RESULTS PD exhibits a close association with various signaling pathways, including but not limited to MAPKs, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2/ARE, Wnt/β-catenin, TLR/TRIF, NLRP3, Notch. The therapeutic potential of TCM lies in its ability to regulate these signaling pathways. In addition, the active ingredients of TCM have shown significant effects in improving OS, neuroinflammation, and DA neuron apoptosis in PD. CONCLUSION The active ingredients of TCM have unique advantages in regulating PD-related signaling pathways. It is suggested to combine network pharmacology and bioinformatics to study the specific targets of TCM. This not only provides a new way for the prevention and treatment of PD with the active ingredients of TCM, but also provides a scientific basis for the selection and development of TCM preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Wendi Dong
- Foshan Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Kaile Chang
- Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712046, China
| | - Yongmei Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Quality Assurance and Sustainable Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials, Chinese Medicine Resource Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Department of Encephalopathy, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China.
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Shinozuka T, Aoki M, Hatakeyama Y, Sasai N, Okamoto H, Takada S. Rspo1 and Rspo3 are required for sensory lineage neural crest formation in mouse embryos. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:435-446. [PMID: 37767857 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND R-spondins (Rspos) are secreted proteins that modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. At the early stages of spinal cord development, Wnts (Wnt1, Wnt3a) and Rspos (Rspo1, Rspo3) are co-expressed in the roof plate, suggesting that Rspos are involved in development of dorsal spinal cord and neural crest cells in cooperation with Wnt ligands. RESULTS Here, we found that Rspo1 and Rspo3, as well as Wnt1 and Wnt3a, maintained roof-plate-specific expression until late embryonic stages. Rspo1- and Rspo3-double-knock-out (dKO) embryos partially exhibited the phenotype of Wnt1 and Wnt3a dKO embryos. While the number of Ngn2-positive sensory lineage neural crest cells is reduced in Rspo-dKO embryos, development of dorsal spinal cord, including its size and dorso-ventral patterning in early development, elongation of the roof plate, and proliferation of ependymal cells, proceeded normally. Consistent with these slight defects, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was not obviously changed in developing spinal cord of dKO embryos. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Rspo1 and Rspo3 are dispensable for most developmental processes involving roof plate-derived Wnt ligands, except for specification of a subtype of neural crest cells. Thus, Rspos may modulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Shinozuka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Motoko Aoki
- Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yudai Hatakeyama
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sasai
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory for Developmental Gene Regulation, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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4
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Pajanoja C, Hsin J, Olinger B, Schiffmacher A, Yazejian R, Abrams S, Dapkunas A, Zainul Z, Doyle AD, Martin D, Kerosuo L. Maintenance of pluripotency-like signature in the entire ectoderm leads to neural crest stem cell potential. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5941. [PMID: 37741818 PMCID: PMC10518019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the pluripotent epiblast to contribute progeny to all three germ layers is thought to be lost after gastrulation. The later-forming neural crest (NC) rises from ectoderm and it remains poorly understood how its exceptionally high stem-cell potential to generate mesodermal- and endodermal-like derivatives is obtained. Here, we monitor transcriptional changes from gastrulation to neurulation using single-cell-Multiplex-Spatial-Transcriptomics (scMST) complemented with RNA-sequencing. We show maintenance of pluripotency-like signature (Nanog, Oct4/PouV, Klf4-positive) in undecided pan-ectodermal stem-cells spanning the entire ectoderm late during neurulation with ectodermal patterning completed only at the end of neurulation when the pluripotency-like signature becomes restricted to NC, challenging our understanding of gastrulation. Furthermore, broad ectodermal pluripotency-like signature is found at multiple axial levels unrelated to the NC lineage the cells later commit to, suggesting a general role in stemness enhancement and proposing a mechanism by which the NC acquires its ability to form derivatives beyond "ectodermal-capacity" in chick and mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Pajanoja
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Hsin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bradley Olinger
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Schiffmacher
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rita Yazejian
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shaun Abrams
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arvydas Dapkunas
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zarin Zainul
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Doyle
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, NIDCR Imaging Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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Li J, Luo W, Xiao C, Zhao J, Xiang C, Liu W, Gu R. Recent advances in endogenous neural stem/progenitor cell manipulation for spinal cord injury repair. Theranostics 2023; 13:3966-3987. [PMID: 37554275 PMCID: PMC10405838 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause severe neurological impairments. Clinically available treatments are quite limited, with unsatisfactory remediation effects. Residing endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (eNSPCs) tend to differentiate towards astrocytes, leaving only a small fraction towards oligodendrocytes and even fewer towards neurons; this has been suggested as one of the reasons for the failure of autonomous neuronal regeneration. Thus, finding ways to recruit and facilitate the differentiation of eNSPCs towards neurons has been considered a promising strategy for the noninvasive and immune-compatible treatment of SCI. The present manuscript first introduces the responses of eNSPCs after exogenous interventions to boost endogenous neurogenesis in various SCI models. Then, we focus on state-of-art manipulation approaches that enhance the intrinsic neurogenesis capacity and reconstruct the hostile microenvironment, mainly consisting of pharmacological treatments, stem cell-derived exosome administration, gene therapy, functional scaffold implantation, inflammation regulation, and inhibitory element delineation. Facing the extremely complex situation of SCI, combined treatments are also highlighted to provide more clues for future relevant investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanguo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Gu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
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Ripoll C, Poulen G, Chevreau R, Lonjon N, Vachiery-Lahaye F, Bauchet L, Hugnot JP. Persistence of FoxJ1 + Pax6 + Sox2 + ependymal cells throughout life in the human spinal cord. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:181. [PMID: 37329342 PMCID: PMC11072198 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ependymal cells lining the central canal of the spinal cord play a crucial role in providing a physical barrier and in the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. These cells express the FOXJ1 and SOX2 transcription factors in mice and are derived from various neural tube populations, including embryonic roof and floor plate cells. They exhibit a dorsal-ventral expression pattern of spinal cord developmental transcription factors (such as MSX1, PAX6, ARX, and FOXA2), resembling an embryonic-like organization. Although this ependymal region is present in young humans, it appears to be lost with age. To re-examine this issue, we collected 17 fresh spinal cords from organ donors aged 37-83 years and performed immunohistochemistry on lightly fixed tissues. We observed cells expressing FOXJ1 in the central region in all cases, which co-expressed SOX2 and PAX6 as well as RFX2 and ARL13B, two proteins involved in ciliogenesis and cilia-mediated sonic hedgehog signaling, respectively. Half of the cases exhibited a lumen and some presented portions of the spinal cord with closed and open central canals. Co-staining of FOXJ1 with other neurodevelopmental transcription factors (ARX, FOXA2, MSX1) and NESTIN revealed heterogeneity of the ependymal cells. Interestingly, three donors aged > 75 years exhibited a fetal-like regionalization of neurodevelopmental transcription factors, with dorsal and ventral ependymal cells expressing MSX1, ARX, and FOXA2. These results provide new evidence for the persistence of ependymal cells expressing neurodevelopmental genes throughout human life and highlight the importance of further investigation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Ripoll
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34091, Montpellier, France
| | - Gaetan Poulen
- Neurosurgery Department, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Robert Chevreau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34091, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lonjon
- Neurosurgery Department, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Vachiery-Lahaye
- Department of Donation and Transplantation, Coordination Unit, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34091, Montpellier, France
- Neurosurgery Department, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Hugnot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34091, Montpellier, France.
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7
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Ma XY, Yang TT, Liu L, Peng XC, Qian F, Tang FR. Ependyma in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Radiation-Induced Brain Injury and as a Therapeutic Target for Neurotrophic Factors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:754. [PMID: 37238624 PMCID: PMC10216700 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuron loss caused by the progressive damage to the nervous system is proposed to be the main pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Ependyma is a layer of ciliated ependymal cells that participates in the formation of the brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB). It functions to promotes the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the material exchange between CSF and brain interstitial fluid. Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) shows obvious impairments of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the neuroinflammatory processes after acute brain injury, a large amount of complement proteins and infiltrated immune cells are circulated in the CSF to resist brain damage and promote substance exchange through the BCB. However, as the protective barrier lining the brain ventricles, the ependyma is extremely vulnerable to cytotoxic and cytolytic immune responses. When the ependyma is damaged, the integrity of BCB is destroyed, and the CSF flow and material exchange is affected, leading to brain microenvironment imbalance, which plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and other neurotrophic factors promote the differentiation and maturation of ependymal cells to maintain the integrity of the ependyma and the activity of ependymal cilia, and may have therapeutic potential in restoring the homeostasis of the brain microenvironment after RIBI or during the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Feng-Ru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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8
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Rodrigo Albors A, Singer GA, Llorens-Bobadilla E, Frisén J, May AP, Ponting CP, Storey KG. An ependymal cell census identifies heterogeneous and ongoing cell maturation in the adult mouse spinal cord that changes dynamically on injury. Dev Cell 2023; 58:239-255.e10. [PMID: 36706756 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The adult spinal cord stem cell potential resides within the ependymal cell population and declines with age. Ependymal cells are, however, heterogeneous, and the biological diversity this represents and how it changes with age remain unknown. Here, we present a single-cell transcriptomic census of spinal cord ependymal cells from adult and aged mice, identifying not only all known ependymal cell subtypes but also immature as well as mature cell states. By comparing transcriptomes of spinal cord and brain ependymal cells, which lack stem cell abilities, we identify immature cells as potential spinal cord stem cells. Following spinal cord injury, these cells re-enter the cell cycle, which is accompanied by a short-lived reversal of ependymal cell maturation. We further analyze ependymal cells in the human spinal cord and identify widespread cell maturation and altered cell identities. This in-depth characterization of spinal cord ependymal cells provides insight into their biology and informs strategies for spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Rodrigo Albors
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Gail A Singer
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | | | - Jonas Frisén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew P May
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Tornado Bio, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Chris P Ponting
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kate G Storey
- Division of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
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9
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Pajanoja C, Hsin J, Olinger B, Schiffmacher A, Abrams S, Dapkunas A, Zainul Z, Doyle AD, Martin D, Kerosuo L. Maintenance of pluripotency in the entire ectoderm enables neural crest formation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2285117. [PMID: 36747797 PMCID: PMC9900987 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2285117/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the pluripotent epiblast to contribute progeny to all three germ layers is thought to be lost after gastrulation. The later-forming neural crest (NC) rises from ectoderm and it remains poorly understood how its exceptionally high stem-cell potential to generate mesodermal- and endodermal-like cells is obtained. We monitored transcriptional changes from gastrulation to neurulation using single-cell-Multiplex-Spatial-Transcriptomics (scMST) complemented with RNA-sequencing. Unexpectedly, we find maintenance of undecided Nanog/Oct4-PouV/Klf4-positive pluripotent-like pan-ectodermal stem-cells spanning the entire ectoderm late in the neurulation process with ectodermal patterning completed only at the end of neurulation when pluripotency becomes restricted to NC, challenging our understanding of gastrulation. Furthermore, broad ectodermal pluripotency is found at all axial levels unrelated to the NC lineage the cells later commit to, suggesting a general role in stemness enhancement and proposing a mechanism by which the NC acquires its ability to form derivatives beyond "ectodermal-capacity" in chick and mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Pajanoja
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenny Hsin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bradley Olinger
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Andrew Schiffmacher
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Shaun Abrams
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Zarin Zainul
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Andrew D. Doyle
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, NIDCR Imaging Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Daniel Martin
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Laura Kerosuo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Intramural Research Program, Neural Crest Development and Disease Unit, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Corrigendum: Purinergic signaling systems across comparative models of spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:689-696. [PMID: 36018196 PMCID: PMC9727416 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.350234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.338993].
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11
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Rekler D, Kalcheim C. Completion of neural crest cell production and emigration is regulated by retinoic-acid-dependent inhibition of BMP signaling. eLife 2022; 11:72723. [PMID: 35394423 PMCID: PMC8993216 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Production and emigration of neural crest cells is a transient process followed by the emergence of the definitive roof plate. The mechanisms regulating the end of neural crest ontogeny are poorly understood. Whereas early crest development is stimulated by mesoderm-derived retinoic acid, we report that the end of the neural crest period is regulated by retinoic acid synthesized in the dorsal neural tube. Inhibition of retinoic acid signaling in the neural tube prevents the normal upregulation of BMP inhibitors in the nascent roof plate and prolongs the period of BMP responsiveness which otherwise ceases close to roof plate establishment. Consequently, neural crest production and emigration are extended well into the roof plate stage. In turn, extending the activity of neural crest-specific genes inhibits the onset of retinoic acid synthesis in roof plate suggesting a mutual repressive interaction between neural crest and roof plate traits. Although several roof plate-specific genes are normally expressed in the absence of retinoic acid signaling, roof plate and crest markers are co-expressed in single cells and this domain also contains dorsal interneurons. Hence, the cellular and molecular architecture of the roof plate is compromised. Collectively, our results demonstrate that neural tube-derived retinoic acid, via inhibition of BMP signaling, is an essential factor responsible for the end of neural crest generation and the proper segregation of dorsal neural lineages. The division between the central nervous system – formed by the brain and spinal cord – and the peripheral nervous system – which consists of the neurons that sense and relay information to and from the body – takes place early during embryonic development. Initially, the nervous system consists of a tube of cells called the neural tube. From the top region of this tube, some cells change their shape, exit the tube and migrate to different places in the developing body. These cells are called the ‘neural crest’, and they form many different structures, including the peripheral nervous system. Neural crest cells keep leaving the neural tube for a period of time, but after that, the neural tube stops producing them. At this point, the region of the neural tube that had been producing neural crest cells becomes the ‘roof plate’ of the central nervous system, a structure that is essential for the development of specific groups of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. In bird embryos, a protein called bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is essential for neural crest production because it triggers the migration of these cells away from the neural tube. Before the roof plate is formed, the activity of BMP is blocked by proteins known as BMP inhibitors, which stop more cells from leaving the neural tube. Around the time when neural crest formation stops, another molecule called retinoic acid begins to be synthesized in the top region of the neural tube. Rekler and Kalcheim asked whether retinoic acid is involved in the transition from neural crest to roof plate. To test this hypothesis, Rekler and Kalcheim blocked the activity of retinoic acid in the neural tube of quail embryos at the time when they should stop producing neural crest cells. This resulted in embryos in which the neural tube keeps producing neural crest cells after the roof plate has formed. In these embryos, individual cells in the resulting ‘roof plate’ produced both proteins that are normally only found in neural crest cells, and proteins typically exclusive to the roof plate. This suggests that, in the absence of retinoic acid activity, the segregation of neural crest identity from roof plate identity is compromised. Rekler and Kalcheim also found that, in the embryos where retinoic acid activity had been blocked, the cells in the area where the roof plate should be produced virtually no BMP inhibitors, and exhibited extended BMP activity. This allowed neural crest cells to continue forming and migrating away from the neural tube well after the period when they would stop in a normal embryo. These results indicate that retinoic acid stops the production of neural crest cells by repressing BMP activity in the roof plate of the neural tube. Rekler and Kalcheim’s experiments shed light on the mechanisms that allow the central and peripheral nervous systems to become segregated. This could increase our understanding of the origin of several neurodevelopmental disorders, potentially providing insights into their treatment or prevention. Additionally, the process of neural crest production and exit from the neural tube is highly similar to the process of metastasis in many invasive cancers. Thus, by understanding how the production of neural crest cells is terminated, it may be possible to learn how to prevent malignant cancer cells from spreading through the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Rekler
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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12
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Bramall AN, Anton ES, Kahle KT, Fecci PE. Navigating the ventricles: Novel insights into the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103931. [PMID: 35306341 PMCID: PMC8933686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus occurs in one in 500-1000 babies born in the United States and acquired hydrocephalus may occur as the consequence of stroke, intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injuries, brain tumors, craniectomy or may be idiopathic, as in the case of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Irrespective of its prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, neurosurgeons still rely on invasive cerebrospinal fluid shunt systems for the treatment of hydrocephalus that are exceptionally prone to failure and/or infection. Further understanding of this process at a molecular level, therefore, may have profound implications for improving treatment and quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. The purpose of this article is to review the current research landscape on hydrocephalus with a focus on recent advances in our understanding of cerebrospinal fluid pathways from an evolutionary, genetics and molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa N Bramall
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, 2301 Erwin Rd., Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - E S Anton
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, 2301 Erwin Rd., Durham, NC 27710, United States
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13
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Lee SH, Goo TW, Yun EY. Allomyrina dichotoma larval extract has protective effects against gut permeability of dextran sulfate sodium-fed Drosophila by E-cadherin and armadillo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 279:113786. [PMID: 33421598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Larvae of the rhinoceros beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) (ADL) are used ethnopharmacologically to treat gut-related disorders in Korea and China since 1596 and are also approved as a safe novel food with high nutritional value. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the protective effects of ADL extract against leaky gut disease using a Drosophila model and sought to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the protective effects of ADL extract (2 mg/mL) against the leaky gut disease using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced leaky gut Drosophila melanogaster model. RESULTS We found that oral administration of ADL extracts significantly increase the survival rate of DSS-fed Drosophila. Under conditions of DSS-induced gut damage, ADL extract reduced gut cell apoptosis and gut permeability, resulting in the maintenance of gut tissue homeostasis. Furthermore, we observed that oral administration of ADL extract can induce high levels of E-cadherin gene expression and also restored the original membrane localization of DSS-disrupted E-cadherin contiguous with the armadillo. CONCLUSION We concluded that ADL extract plays an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis through the up-regulation of E-cadherin and that it may have a protective effect against leaky gut syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Tae-Won Goo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Kyeongbuk, 38066, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Yun
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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14
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Tonti OR, Larson H, Lipp SN, Luetkemeyer CM, Makam M, Vargas D, Wilcox SM, Calve S. Tissue-specific parameters for the design of ECM-mimetic biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:83-102. [PMID: 33878474 PMCID: PMC8434955 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of biomolecules that mechanically and biochemically directs cell behavior and is crucial for maintaining tissue function and health. The heterogeneous organization and composition of the ECM varies within and between tissue types, directing mechanics, aiding in cell-cell communication, and facilitating tissue assembly and reassembly during development, injury and disease. As technologies like 3D printing rapidly advance, researchers are better able to recapitulate in vivo tissue properties in vitro; however, tissue-specific variations in ECM composition and organization are not given enough consideration. This is in part due to a lack of information regarding how the ECM of many tissues varies in both homeostatic and diseased states. To address this gap, we describe the components and organization of the ECM, and provide examples for different tissues at various states of disease. While many aspects of ECM biology remain unknown, our goal is to highlight the complexity of various tissues and inspire engineers to incorporate unique components of the native ECM into in vitro platform design and fabrication. Ultimately, we anticipate that the use of biomaterials that incorporate key tissue-specific ECM will lead to in vitro models that better emulate human pathologies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterial development primarily emphasizes the engineering of new materials and therapies at the expense of identifying key parameters of the tissue that is being emulated. This can be partially attributed to the difficulty in defining the 3D composition, organization, and mechanics of the ECM within different tissues and how these material properties vary as a function of homeostasis and disease. In this review, we highlight a range of tissues throughout the body and describe how ECM content, cell diversity, and mechanical properties change in diseased tissues and influence cellular behavior. Accurately mimicking the tissue of interest in vitro by using ECM specific to the appropriate state of homeostasis or pathology in vivo will yield results more translatable to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Tonti
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Hannah Larson
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Sarah N Lipp
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Callan M Luetkemeyer
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Megan Makam
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Diego Vargas
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Sean M Wilcox
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Sarah Calve
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado - Boulder, 1111 Engineering Center, 427 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
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15
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Ma L, Du Y, Xu X, Feng H, Hui Y, Li N, Jiang G, Zhang X, Li X, Liu L. β-Catenin Deletion in Regional Neural Progenitors Leads to Congenital Hydrocephalus in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:81-94. [PMID: 34460072 PMCID: PMC8782971 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus is a major neurological disorder with high rates of morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Reproducible animal models mirroring both embryonic and postnatal hydrocephalus are also limited. Here, we describe a new mouse model of congenital hydrocephalus through knockout of β-catenin in Nkx2.1-expressing regional neural progenitors. Progressive ventriculomegaly and an enlarged brain were consistently observed in knockout mice from embryonic day 12.5 through to adulthood. Transcriptome profiling revealed severe dysfunctions in progenitor maintenance in the ventricular zone and therefore in cilium biogenesis after β-catenin knockout. Histological analyses also revealed an aberrant neuronal layout in both the ventral and dorsal telencephalon in hydrocephalic mice at both embryonic and postnatal stages. Thus, knockout of β-catenin in regional neural progenitors leads to congenital hydrocephalus and provides a reproducible animal model for studying pathological changes and developing therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Hexi Feng
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Yi Hui
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Nan Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, 200065 China ,Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Ling Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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16
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Diversity of Adult Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells in Physiology and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082045. [PMID: 34440814 PMCID: PMC8392301 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) contribute to learning, memory, maintenance of homeostasis, energy metabolism and many other essential processes. They are highly heterogeneous populations that require input from a regionally distinct microenvironment including a mix of neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, NG2+ glia, vasculature, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and others. The diversity of NSPCs is present in all three major parts of the CNS, i.e., the brain, spinal cord, and retina. Intrinsic and extrinsic signals, e.g., neurotrophic and growth factors, master transcription factors, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), collectively regulate activities and characteristics of NSPCs: quiescence/survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and integration. This review discusses the heterogeneous NSPC populations in the normal physiology and highlights their potentials and roles in injured/diseased states for regenerative medicine.
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Shinozuka T, Takada S. Morphological and Functional Changes of Roof Plate Cells in Spinal Cord Development. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9030030. [PMID: 34449633 PMCID: PMC8395932 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The most dorsal region, or roof plate, is the dorsal organizing center of developing spinal cord. This region is also involved in development of neural crest cells, which are the source of migratory neural crest cells. During early development of the spinal cord, roof plate cells secrete signaling molecules, such as Wnt and BMP family proteins, which regulate development of neural crest cells and dorsal spinal cord. After the dorso-ventral pattern is established, spinal cord dynamically changes its morphology. With this morphological transformation, the lumen of the spinal cord gradually shrinks to form the central canal, a cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid that is connected to the ventricular system of the brain. The dorsal half of the spinal cord is separated by a glial structure called the dorsal (or posterior) median septum. However, underlying mechanisms of such morphological transformation are just beginning to be understood. Recent studies reveal that roof plate cells dramatically stretch along the dorso-ventral axis, accompanied by reduction of the spinal cord lumen. During this stretching process, the tips of roof plate cells maintain contact with cells surrounding the shrinking lumen, eventually exposed to the inner surface of the central canal. Interestingly, Wnt expression remains in stretched roof plate cells and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ependymal cells surrounding the central canal. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ependymal cells promotes proliferation of neural progenitor and stem cells in embryonic and adult spinal cord. In this review, we focus on the role of the roof plate, especially that of Wnt ligands secreted by roof plate cells, in morphological changes occurring in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Shinozuka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Aichi, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Aichi, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (S.T.)
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Aichi, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Aichi, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Aichi, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (S.T.)
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18
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Zhao S, Lin C, Yang T, Qian X, Lu J, Cheng J. Expression of long non-coding RNA LUCAT1 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its potential functions in regulating cigarette smoke extract-induced 16HBE cell proliferation and apoptosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23823. [PMID: 34125980 PMCID: PMC8274995 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by persistent airflow limitation, was a disease mediated by a combination of inflammatory factors, immune cells, and immune mediators. COPD was an inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving T-lymphocytes triggered by cigarette smoke and other factors that progressively affected the bronchi, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary blood vessels. LncRNAs were reported to be implicated in COPD pathogenesis and development. METHODS Non-smokers, smokers (non-COPD), and COPD patients were randomly selected in an established COPD surveillance cohort. Demographic and clinical information of all subjects were collected. Pulmonary function was measured by post-bronchodilator testing. qRT-PCR and ELISA assays were performed to detect the expression levels of lncRNA LUCAT1, miR-181a-5p, and inflammatory cytokines. An in vitro exposure model was constructed using cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells. The dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were used to detect the binding relationship between lncRNA LUCAT1 and miR-181a-5p; meanwhile, Spearman's correlation assay was used to verify the correlation between lncRNA LUCAT1 and miR-181a-5p. Afterward, the lncRNA LUCAT1 silencing plasmid was constructed and co-transfected with a miR-181a-5p inhibitor to evaluate the effects on CSE-induced 16HBE cell proliferation and apoptosis. Finally, a Western blot assay was utilized to determine the mechanism of lncRNA LUCAT1/miR-181a-5p/Wnt/β-catenin axis in COPD. RESULTS LncRNA LUCAT1 was upregulated in the serums of COPD patients. Correlation analysis further confirmed the strong correlation between LUCAT1 expression and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis verified the potential of LUCAT1 in COPD diagnosis. After treatment with CSE, LUCAT1 was significantly increased while its target miR-181a-5p was decreased in 16HBE cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis assays showed that LUCAT1 silencing alleviated CSE's effects on 16HBE cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mechanically, rescue assays demonstrated that miR-181a-5p inhibition could partially counteract the impact of LUCAT1 on COPD progression through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA LUCAT1 may be a valuable indicator for differentiating COPD. Moreover, LncRNA LUCAT1/miR-181-5p/Wnt/β-catenin axis behaved as a critical role in COPD development, shedding new sights for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunyan Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junjie Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Yixing People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Ofek S, Wiszniak S, Kagan S, Tondl M, Schwarz Q, Kalcheim C. Notch signaling is a critical initiator of roof plate formation as revealed by the use of RNA profiling of the dorsal neural tube. BMC Biol 2021; 19:84. [PMID: 33892704 PMCID: PMC8063321 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dorsal domain of the neural tube is an excellent model to investigate the generation of complexity during embryonic development. It is a highly dynamic and multifaceted region being first transiently populated by prospective neural crest (NC) cells that sequentially emigrate to generate most of the peripheral nervous system. Subsequently, it becomes the definitive roof plate (RP) of the central nervous system. The RP, in turn, constitutes a patterning center for dorsal interneuron development. The factors underlying establishment of the definitive RP and its segregation from NC and dorsal interneurons are currently unknown. Results We performed a transcriptome analysis at trunk levels of quail embryos comparing the dorsal neural tube at premigratory NC and RP stages. This unraveled molecular heterogeneity between NC and RP stages, and within the RP itself. By implementing these genes, we asked whether Notch signaling is involved in RP development. First, we observed that Notch is active at the RP-interneuron interface. Furthermore, gain and loss of Notch function in quail and mouse embryos, respectively, revealed no effect on early NC behavior. Constitutive Notch activation caused a local downregulation of RP markers with a concomitant development of dI1 interneurons, as well as an ectopic upregulation of RP markers in the interneuron domain. Reciprocally, in mice lacking Notch activity, both the RP and dI1 interneurons failed to form and this was associated with expansion of the dI2 population. Conclusions Collectively, our results offer a new resource for defining specific cell types, and provide evidence that Notch is required to establish the definitive RP, and to determine the choice between RP and interneuron fates, but not the segregation of RP from NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Ofek
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O.Box 12272, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sophie Wiszniak
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sarah Kagan
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O.Box 12272, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Markus Tondl
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O.Box 12272, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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20
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Rekler D, Kalcheim C. From Neural Crest to Definitive Roof Plate: The Dynamic Behavior of the Dorsal Neural Tube. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3911. [PMID: 33920095 PMCID: PMC8070085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the development of the dorsal neural tube is particularly challenging. In this highly dynamic domain, a temporal transition occurs between early neural crest progenitors that undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and exit the neural primordium, and the subsequent roof plate, a resident epithelial group of cells that constitutes the dorsal midline of the central nervous system. Among other functions, the roof plate behaves as an organizing center for the generation of dorsal interneurons. Despite extensive knowledge of the formation, emigration and migration of neural crest progenitors, little is known about the mechanisms leading to the end of neural crest production and the transition into a roof plate stage. Are these two mutually dependent or autonomously regulated processes? Is the generation of roof plate and dorsal interneurons induced by neural tube-derived factors throughout both crest and roof plate stages, respectively, or are there differences in signaling properties and responsiveness as a function of time? In this review, we discuss distinctive characteristics of each population and possible mechanisms leading to the shift between the above cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chaya Kalcheim
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC) and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O.Box 12272, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
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21
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Zhu R, Zhu X, Zhu Y, Wang Z, He X, Wu Z, Xue L, Fan W, Huang R, Xu Z, Qi X, Xu W, Yu Y, Ren Y, Li C, Cheng Q, Ling L, Wang S, Cheng L. Immunomodulatory Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles Enable Neurogenesis by Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor 2. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2812-2830. [PMID: 33527830 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Immune microenvironment amelioration and reconstruction by functional biomaterials has become a promising strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI) recovery. In this study, we evaluated the neural regeneration and immunoregulation functions of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) nanoparticles in completely transected and excised mice and revealed the immune-related mechanisms. LDH achieved significant performance in accelerating neural stem cells (NSCs) migration, neural differentiation, L-Ca2+ channel activation, and inducible action potential generation. In vivo, the behavioral and electrophysiological performance of SCI mice was significantly improved by LDH implantation, with BrdU+ endogenous NSCs and neurons clearly observed in the lesion sites. According to RNA-seq and ingenuity pathway analysis, transforming growth factor-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2) is the key gene through which LDH inhibits inflammatory responses and accelerates neural regeneration. Significant colocalization of TGFBR2 and LDH was found on the cell membranes of NSCs both in vitro and in vivo, and LDH increased the expression of TGF-β2 in NSCs and activated the proliferation of precursor neural cells. LDH decreased the expression of M1 markers and increased the expression of M2 markers in both microglia and bone marrow-derived macrophages, and these effects were reversed by a TGFBR2 inhibitor. In addition, as a carrier, LDH loaded with NT3 exhibited better recovery effects with regard to the basso mouse scale score, motor evoked potential performance, and regenerated neural cell numbers than LDH itself. Thus, we have developed Mg/Al-LDH that can be used to construct a suitable immune microenvironment for SCI recovery and have revealed the targeted receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xingfei Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhaojie Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xiaolie He
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhourui Wu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenyong Fan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xi Qi
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yilong Ren
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Chen Li
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lan Ling
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200065, China
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22
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González P, González-Fernández C, Campos-Martín Y, Mollejo M, Carballosa-Gautam M, Marcillo A, Norenberg M, Rodríguez FJ. Frizzled 1 and Wnt1 as new potential therapeutic targets in the traumatically injured spinal cord. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4631-4662. [PMID: 31900623 PMCID: PMC11104978 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the experimental evidence pointing to a significant role of the Wnt family of proteins in physiological and pathological rodent spinal cord functioning, its potential relevance in the healthy and traumatically injured human spinal cord as well as its therapeutic potential in spinal cord injury (SCI) are still poorly understood. To get further insight into these interesting issues, we first demonstrated by quantitative Real-Time PCR and simple immunohistochemistry that detectable mRNA expression of most Wnt components, as well as protein expression of all known Wnt receptors, can be found in the healthy human spinal cord, supporting its potential involvement in human spinal cord physiology. Moreover, evaluation of Frizzled (Fz) 1 expression by double immunohistochemistry showed that its spatio-temporal and cellular expression pattern in the traumatically injured human spinal cord is equivalent to that observed in a clinically relevant model of rat SCI and suggests its potential involvement in SCI progression/outcome. Accordingly, we found that long-term lentiviral-mediated overexpression of the Fz1 ligand Wnt1 after rat SCI improves motor functional recovery, increases myelin preservation and neuronal survival, and reduces early astroglial reactivity and NG2+ cell accumulation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of Wnt1 in this neuropathological situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau González
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo, Spain.
| | | | | | - Manuela Mollejo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Virgen de La Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Alexander Marcillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Michael Norenberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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23
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Glia and Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells of the Healthy and Ischemic Brain: The Workplace for the Wnt Signaling Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070804. [PMID: 32708801 PMCID: PMC7397164 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an important role in the self-renewal, fate-commitment and survival of the neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Ischemic stroke impairs the proper functioning of the CNS and, therefore, active Wnt signaling may prevent, ameliorate, or even reverse the negative effects of ischemic brain injury. In this review, we provide the current knowledge of Wnt signaling in the adult CNS, its status in diverse cell types, and the Wnt pathway’s impact on the properties of NS/PCs and glial cells in the context of ischemic injury. Finally, we summarize promising strategies that might be considered for stroke therapy, and we outline possible future directions of the field.
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24
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Tait CM, Chinnaiya K, Manning E, Murtaza M, Ashton JP, Furley N, Hill CJ, Alves CH, Wijnholds J, Erdmann KS, Furley A, Rashbass P, Das RM, Storey KG, Placzek M. Crumbs2 mediates ventricular layer remodelling to form the spinal cord central canal. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000470. [PMID: 32150534 PMCID: PMC7108746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the spinal cord, the central canal forms through a poorly understood process termed dorsal collapse that involves attrition and remodelling of pseudostratified ventricular layer (VL) cells. Here, we use mouse and chick models to show that dorsal ventricular layer (dVL) cells adjacent to dorsal midline Nestin(+) radial glia (dmNes+RG) down-regulate apical polarity proteins, including Crumbs2 (CRB2) and delaminate in a stepwise manner; live imaging shows that as one cell delaminates, the next cell ratchets up, the dmNes+RG endfoot ratchets down, and the process repeats. We show that dmNes+RG secrete a factor that promotes loss of cell polarity and delamination. This activity is mimicked by a secreted variant of Crumbs2 (CRB2S) which is specifically expressed by dmNes+RG. In cultured MDCK cells, CRB2S associates with apical membranes and decreases cell cohesion. Analysis of Crb2F/F/Nestin-Cre+/- mice, and targeted reduction of Crb2/CRB2S in slice cultures reveal essential roles for transmembrane CRB2 (CRB2TM) and CRB2S on VL cells and dmNes+RG, respectively. We propose a model in which a CRB2S-CRB2TM interaction promotes the progressive attrition of the dVL without loss of overall VL integrity. This novel mechanism may operate more widely to promote orderly progenitor delamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Tait
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kavitha Chinnaiya
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Manning
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Ashton
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Furley
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J Hill
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - C Henrique Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kai S Erdmann
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Furley
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Rashbass
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Raman M Das
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kate G Storey
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Marysia Placzek
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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25
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Wilson DH, Jarman EJ, Mellin RP, Wilson ML, Waddell SH, Tsokkou P, Younger NT, Raven A, Bhalla SR, Noll ATR, Olde Damink SW, Schaap FG, Chen P, Bates DO, Banales JM, Dean CH, Henderson DJ, Sansom OJ, Kendall TJ, Boulter L. Non-canonical Wnt signalling regulates scarring in biliary disease via the planar cell polarity receptors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:445. [PMID: 31974352 PMCID: PMC6978415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients diagnosed with chronic bile duct disease is increasing and in most cases these diseases result in chronic ductular scarring, necessitating liver transplantation. The formation of ductular scaring affects liver function; however, scar-generating portal fibroblasts also provide important instructive signals to promote the proliferation and differentiation of biliary epithelial cells. Therefore, understanding whether we can reduce scar formation while maintaining a pro-regenerative microenvironment will be essential in developing treatments for biliary disease. Here, we describe how regenerating biliary epithelial cells express Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity signalling components following bile duct injury and promote the formation of ductular scars by upregulating pro-fibrogenic cytokines and positively regulating collagen-deposition. Inhibiting the production of Wnt-ligands reduces the amount of scar formed around the bile duct, without reducing the development of the pro-regenerative microenvironment required for ductular regeneration, demonstrating that scarring and regeneration can be uncoupled in adult biliary disease and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E J Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R P Mellin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M L Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S H Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Tsokkou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N T Younger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Raven
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - S R Bhalla
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Centre for Cancer Science, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A T R Noll
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S W Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - F G Schaap
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - D O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Centre for Cancer Science, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, Birmingham, UK
| | - J M Banales
- Biodonostia HRI, CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - C H Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D J Henderson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - O J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - T J Kendall
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
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26
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Simultaneous Visualization of RNA and Protein Expression in Tissue Using a Combined RNAscope™ In Situ Hybridization and Immunofluorescence Protocol. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2148:301-312. [PMID: 32394390 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0623-0_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression analysis is critical to precisely characterize complex tissues and provide insight into a disease condition. Techniques like PCR, sequencing, and northern blotting are highly sensitive and specific but are unable to provide information about spatial positioning of target genes. Visualization of gene expression with a spatial context can be critical in identifying complex milieus in heterogenous tissues like tumors. The RNAscope in situ hybridization (ISH) technology detects target RNA expression with high sensitivity and specificity at single-cell resolution. To understand the cellular cross talk between different cell populations, it is essential to simultaneously study gene and protein expression within a complex tissue. This chapter details combining the RNAscope ISH assay with immunofluorescence (IF) in one protocol to simultaneously visualize gene expression and protein expression in human tumor tissue and mouse brain tissue.
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27
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Hachem LD, Mothe AJ, Tator CH. Unlocking the paradoxical endogenous stem cell response after spinal cord injury. Stem Cells 2019; 38:187-194. [PMID: 31648407 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nearly a century ago, the concept of the secondary injury in spinal cord trauma was first proposed to explain the complex cascade of molecular and cellular events leading to widespread neuronal and glial cell death after trauma. In recent years, it has been established that the ependymal region of the adult mammalian spinal cord contains a population of multipotent neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) that are activated after spinal cord injury (SCI) and likely play a key role in endogenous repair and regeneration. How these cells respond to the various components of the secondary injury remains poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that many of the biochemical components of the secondary injury cascade which have classically been viewed as deleterious to host neuronal and glial cells may paradoxically trigger NSPC activation, proliferation, and differentiation thus challenging our current understanding of secondary injury mechanisms in SCI. Herein, we highlight new findings describing the response of endogenous NSPCs to spinal cord trauma, redefining the secondary mechanisms of SCI through the lens of the endogenous population of stem/progenitor cells. Moreover, we outline how these insights can fuel novel stem cell-based therapeutic strategies to repair the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureen D Hachem
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea J Mothe
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charles H Tator
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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28
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Cañizares MA, Albors AR, Singer G, Suttie N, Gorkic M, Felts P, Storey KG. Multiple steps characterise ventricular layer attrition to form the ependymal cell lining of the adult mouse spinal cord central canal. J Anat 2019; 236:334-350. [PMID: 31670387 PMCID: PMC6956438 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventricular layer of the spinal cord is remodelled during embryonic development and ultimately forms the ependymal cell lining of the adult central canal, which retains neural stem cell potential. This anatomical transformation involves the process of dorsal collapse; however, accompanying changes in tissue organisation and cell behaviour as well as the precise origin of cells contributing to the central canal are not well understood. Here, we describe sequential localised cell rearrangements which accompany the gradual attrition of the spinal cord ventricular layer during development. This includes local breakdown of the pseudostratified organisation of the dorsal ventricular layer prefiguring dorsal collapse and evidence for a new phenomenon, ventral dissociation, during which the ventral‐most floor plate cells separate from a subset that are retained around the central canal. Using cell proliferation markers and cell‐cycle reporter mice, we further show that following dorsal collapse, ventricular layer attrition involves an overall reduction in cell proliferation, characterised by an intriguing increase in the percentage of cells in G1/S. In contrast, programmed cell death does not contribute to ventricular layer remodelling. By analysing transcript and protein expression patterns associated with key signalling pathways, we provide evidence for a gradual decline in ventral sonic hedgehog activity and an accompanying ventral expansion of initial dorsal bone morphogenetic protein signalling, which comes to dominate the forming the central canal lining. This study identifies multiple steps that may contribute to spinal cord ventricular layer attrition and adds to increasing evidence for the heterogeneous origin of the spinal cord ependymal cell population, which includes cells from the floor plate and the roof plate as well as ventral progenitor domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Cañizares
- Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Aida Rodrigo Albors
- Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gail Singer
- Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicolle Suttie
- Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Metka Gorkic
- Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Paul Felts
- Centre for Anatomy & Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kate G Storey
- Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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29
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Potential of Adult Endogenous Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Spinal Cord to Contribute to Remyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091025. [PMID: 31484369 PMCID: PMC6769975 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination and remyelination play pivotal roles in the pathological process of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established animal model of MS. Although increasing evidence shows that various stimuli can promote the activation/induction of endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the central nervous system, the potential contributions of these cells to remyelination following inflammatory injury remain to be fully investigated. In the present study, using an adult mouse model of EAE induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide, we investigated whether adult NSPCs in the spinal cord can lead to remyelination under inflammatory conditions. Immunohistochemistry showed that cells expressing the NSPC marker Nestin appeared after MOG peptide administration, predominantly at the sites of demyelination where abundant inflammatory cells had accumulated, whereas Nestin+ cells were rarely present in the spinal cord of PBS-treated control mice. In vitro, Nestin+ NSPCs obtained from EAE mice spinal cords could differentiate into multiple neural lineages, including neurons, astrocytes, and myelin-producing oligodendrocytes. Using the Cre-LoxP system, we established a mouse strain expressing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) under the control of the Nestin promoter and investigated the expression patterns of YFP-expressing cells in the spinal cord after EAE induction. At the chronic phase of the disease, immunohistochemistry showed that YFP+ cells in the injured regions expressed markers for various neural lineages, including myelin-forming oligodendrocytes. These results show that adult endogenous NSPCs in the spinal cord can be subject to remyelination under inflammatory conditions, such as after EAE, suggesting that endogenous NSPCs represent a therapeutic target for MS treatment.
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30
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Ghazale H, Ripoll C, Leventoux N, Jacob L, Azar S, Mamaeva D, Glasson Y, Calvo CF, Thomas JL, Meneceur S, Lallemand Y, Rigau V, Perrin FE, Noristani HN, Rocamonde B, Huillard E, Bauchet L, Hugnot JP. RNA Profiling of the Human and Mouse Spinal Cord Stem Cell Niches Reveals an Embryonic-like Regionalization with MSX1 + Roof-Plate-Derived Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:1159-1177. [PMID: 31031189 PMCID: PMC6524006 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anamniotes, rodents, and young humans maintain neural stem cells in the ependymal zone (EZ) around the central canal of the spinal cord, representing a possible endogenous source for repair in mammalian lesions. Cell diversity and genes specific for this region are ill defined. A cellular and molecular resource is provided here for the mouse and human EZ based on RNA profiling, immunostaining, and fluorescent transgenic mice. This uncovered the conserved expression of 1,200 genes including 120 transcription factors. Unexpectedly the EZ maintains an embryonic-like dorsal-ventral pattern of expression of spinal cord developmental transcription factors (ARX, FOXA2, MSX1, and PAX6). In mice, dorsal and ventral EZ cells express Vegfr3 and are derived from the embryonic roof and floor plates. The dorsal EZ expresses a high level of Bmp6 and Gdf10 genes and harbors a subpopulation of radial quiescent cells expressing MSX1 and ID4 transcription factors. A molecular resource for the human and mouse spinal cord ependymal zone Identification of 120 transcription factors in the human and mouse ependymal zone Embryonic-like organization of the adult spinal cord ependymal zone Dorsal ependymal cells expressing Msx1 are derived from the embryonic roof plate
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Ghazale
- INSERM U1051, INM, Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Chantal Ripoll
- INSERM U1051, INM, Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Leventoux
- INSERM U1051, INM, Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Jacob
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Safa Azar
- INSERM U1051, INM, Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Daria Mamaeva
- INSERM U1051, INM, Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Yael Glasson
- INSERM U1051, INM, Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles-Felix Calvo
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiopathology. CIRB, CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050 Collège de France 11, Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Sarah Meneceur
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, UMR3738 CNRS, Paris 75015, France
| | - Yvan Lallemand
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, UMR3738 CNRS, Paris 75015, France
| | - Valérie Rigau
- INSERM U1051, INM, Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France; CHU of Montpellier, Hopital Gui de Chaulliac, Pathology Department, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence E Perrin
- University of Montpellier, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Harun N Noristani
- University of Montpellier, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Brenda Rocamonde
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Huillard
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- INSERM U1051, INM, Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France; CHU of Montpellier, Hopital Gui de Chaulliac, Neurosurgery Department, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Hugnot
- INSERM U1051, INM, Hopital Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34091 Montpellier, France; University of Montpellier, Faculté des Sciences, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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31
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Shinozuka T, Takada R, Yoshida S, Yonemura S, Takada S. Wnt produced by stretched roof-plate cells is required for the promotion of cell proliferation around the central canal of the spinal cord. Development 2019; 146:146/2/dev159343. [PMID: 30651295 DOI: 10.1242/dev.159343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cell morphology changes dynamically during embryogenesis, and these changes create new interactions with surrounding cells, some of which are presumably mediated by intercellular signaling. However, the effects of morphological changes on intercellular signaling remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we examined the effect of morphological changes in Wnt-producing cells on intercellular signaling in the spinal cord. After mid-gestation, roof-plate cells stretched along the dorsoventral axis in the mouse spinal cord, resulting in new contact at their tips with the ependymal cells that surround the central canal. Wnt1 and Wnt3a were produced by the stretched roof-plate cells and delivered to the cell process tip. Whereas Wnt signaling was activated in developing ependymal cells, Wnt activation in dorsal ependymal cells, which were close to the stretched roof plate, was significantly suppressed in embryos with roof plate-specific conditional knockout of Wls, which encodes a factor that is essential for Wnt secretion. Furthermore, proliferation of these cells was impaired in Wls conditional knockout mice during development and after induced spinal cord injury in adults. Therefore, morphological changes in Wnt-producing cells appear to generate new Wnt signal targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Shinozuka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology in the School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shosei Yoshida
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology in the School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan .,National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.,Department of Basic Biology in the School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
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32
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Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Marlicz W, Misera A, Koulaouzidis A, Łoniewski I. Microbiome-The Missing Link in the Gut-Brain Axis: Focus on Its Role in Gastrointestinal and Mental Health. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E521. [PMID: 30544486 PMCID: PMC6306769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) and the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract communicate through the gut-brain axis (GBA). Such communication is bi-directional and involves neuronal, endocrine, and immunological mechanisms. There is mounting data that gut microbiota is the source of a number of neuroactive and immunocompetent substances, which shape the structure and function of brain regions involved in the control of emotions, cognition, and physical activity. Most GI diseases are associated with altered transmission within the GBA that are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Current treatment protocols for GI and non-GI disorders may positively or adversely affect the composition of intestinal microbiota with a diverse impact on therapeutic outcome(s). Alterations of gut microbiota have been associated with mood and depressive disorders. Moreover, mental health is frequently affected in GI and non-GI diseases. Deregulation of the GBA may constitute a grip point for the development of diagnostic tools and personalized microbiota-based therapy. For example, next generation sequencing (NGS) offers detailed analysis of microbiome footprints in patients with mental and GI disorders. Elucidating the role of stem cell⁻host microbiome cross talks in tissues in GBA disorders might lead to the development of next generation diagnostics and therapeutics. Psychobiotics are a new class of beneficial bacteria with documented efficacy for the treatment of GBA disorders. Novel therapies interfering with small molecules involved in adult stem cell trafficking are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Agata Misera
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland.
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