1
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Ruiz-Agudo C, Cölfen H. Exploring the Potential of Nonclassical Crystallization Pathways to Advance Cementitious Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7538-7618. [PMID: 38874016 PMCID: PMC11212030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the crystallization of cement-binding phases, from basic units to macroscopic structures, can enhance cement performance, reduce clinker use, and lower CO2 emissions in the construction sector. This review examines the crystallization pathways of C-S-H (the main phase in PC cement) and other alternative binding phases, particularly as cement formulations evolve toward increasing SCMs and alternative binders as clinker replacements. We adopt a nonclassical crystallization perspective, which recognizes the existence of critical intermediate steps between ions in solution and the final crystalline phases, such as solute ion associates, dense liquid phases, amorphous intermediates, and nanoparticles. These multistep pathways uncover innovative strategies for controlling the crystallization of binding phases through additive use, potentially leading to highly optimized cement matrices. An outstanding example of additive-controlled crystallization in cementitious materials is the synthetically produced mesocrystalline C-S-H, renowned for its remarkable flexural strength. This highly ordered microstructure, which intercalates soft matter between inorganic and brittle C-S-H, was obtained by controlling the assembly of individual C-S-H subunits. While large-scale production of cementitious materials by a bottom-up self-assembly method is not yet feasible, the fundamental insights into the crystallization mechanism of cement binding phases presented here provide a foundation for developing advanced cement-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz-Agudo
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Chen SM, Zhang ZB, Gao HL, Yu SH. Bottom-Up Film-to-Bulk Assembly Toward Bioinspired Bulk Structural Nanocomposites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2313443. [PMID: 38414173 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Biological materials, although composed of meager minerals and biopolymers, often exhibit amazing mechanical properties far beyond their components due to hierarchically ordered structures. Understanding their structure-properties relationships and replicating them into artificial materials would boost the development of bulk structural nanocomposites. Layered microstructure widely exists in biological materials, serving as the fundamental structure in nanosheet-based nacres and nanofiber-based Bouligand tissues, and implying superior mechanical properties. High-efficient and scalable fabrication of bioinspired bulk structural nanocomposites with precise layered microstructure is therefore important yet remains difficult. Here, one straightforward bottom-up film-to-bulk assembly strategy is focused for fabricating bioinspired layered bulk structural nanocomposites. The bottom-up assembly strategy inherently offers a methodology for precise construction of bioinspired layered microstructure in bulk form, availability for fabrication of bioinspired bulk structural nanocomposites with large sizes and complex shapes, possibility for design of multiscale interfaces, feasibility for manipulation of diverse heterogeneities. Not limited to discussing what has been achieved by using the current bottom-up film-to-bulk assembly strategy, it is also envisioned how to promote such an assembly strategy to better benefit the development of bioinspired bulk structural nanocomposites. Compared to other assembly strategies, the highlighted strategy provides great opportunities for creating bioinspired bulk structural nanocomposites on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Bang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huai-Ling Gao
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials, Guangming Advanced Research Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Iyer D, Galadari M, Wirawan F, Huaco V, Martinez R, Gallagher MT, Pilon L, Ono K, Simonetti DA, Sant GN, Srivastava S. High-Strength Organic-Inorganic Composites with Superior Thermal Insulation and Acoustic Attenuation. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:86-97. [PMID: 38371729 PMCID: PMC10870751 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate facile fabrication of highly filled, lightweight organic-inorganic composites comprising polyurethanes covalently linked with naturally occurring clinoptilolite microparticles. These polyurethane/clinoptilolite (PUC) composites are shown to mitigate particle aggregation usually observed in composites with high particle loadings and possess enhanced thermal insulation and acoustic attenuation compared with conventionally employed materials (e.g., drywall and gypsum). In addition to these functional properties, the PUC composites also possess flexural strengths and strain capacities comparable to and higher than ordinary Portland cement (OPC), respectively, while being ∼1.5× lighter than OPC. The porosity, density, and mechanical and functional properties of these composites are tuned by systematically varying their composition (diisocyanate, polyurethane, and inorganic contents) and the nature of the organic (reactivity and source of polyol) components. The fabrication process involves mild curing conditions and uses commonly available reagents (naturally occurring aluminosilicate particles, polyols, and diisocyanate), thereby making the process scalable. Finally, the composite properties are shown to be independent of the polyol source (virgin or recycled), underlining the generality of this approach for the scalable utilization of recycled polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Iyer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mohammad Galadari
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fernaldy Wirawan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Vanessa Huaco
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ricardo Martinez
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | - Laurent Pilon
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kanji Ono
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dante A. Simonetti
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute
for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Gaurav N. Sant
- Institute
for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute
for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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4
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Sun H, Tabrizian P, Qambrani A, Jargalsaikhan U, Sui T, Ireland T, Su B. Bio-inspired nacre-like zirconia/PMMA composites for chairside CAD/CAM dental restorations. Dent Mater 2024; 40:307-317. [PMID: 38040580 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To introduce a versatile fabrication process to fabricate zirconia/PMMA composites for chairside CAD/CAM dental restorations. These zirconia composites have nacre-like lamellar microstructures, competent and tooth-matched mechanical properties, as well as crack resistance behaviours. METHODS Bi-directional freeze casting was used to fabricate ceramic green bodies with highly aligned lamellar structure. Pressure was then applied to control the ceramic volume fraction. PMMA was infiltrated into the ceramic scaffold. Mechanical tests including 3-point bending, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness were performed on the composites. The machinability of the composites was also characterised. RESULTS Two types of nacre-like zirconia/PMMA composites, i.e., 3Y-YZP/PMMA and 5Y-PSZ/PMMA composites were fabricated. The microstructure created was similar to the 'brick and mortar' structure of nacre. Excellent flexural strength (up to 400 MPa and 290 MPa for 3Y-TZP/PMMA and 5Y-PSZ/PMMA composite, respectively), tuneable hardness and elastic modulus within the range similar to enamel, along with improved crack-resistance behaviour were demonstrated on both zirconia composites. In addition, both zirconia/PMMA composites showed acceptable machinability, being easy to mill, as would be required to produce a dental crown. SIGNIFICANCE Nacre-like zirconia/PMMA composites therefore exhibit the potential for use in the production of chairside CAD/CAM dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Sun
- Biomaterials Engineering Group, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Parinaz Tabrizian
- Biomaterials Engineering Group, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Aqsa Qambrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
| | | | - Tan Sui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, UK
| | - Tony Ireland
- Biomaterials Engineering Group, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Biomaterials Engineering Group, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, UK.
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5
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Meng YF, Yu CX, Zhou LC, Shang LM, Yang B, Wang QY, Meng XS, Mao LB, Yu SH. Nanograded artificial nacre with efficient energy dissipation. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100505. [PMID: 37744177 PMCID: PMC10514212 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The renowned mechanical performance of biological ceramics can be attributed to their hierarchical structures, wherein structural features at the nanoscale play a crucial role. However, nanoscale features, such as nanogradients, have rarely been incorporated in biomimetic ceramics because of the challenges in simultaneously controlling the material structure at multiple length scales. Here, we report the fabrication of artificial nacre with graphene oxide nanogradients in its aragonite platelets through a matrix-directed mineralization method. The gradients are formed via the spontaneous accumulation of graphene oxide nanosheets on the surface of the platelets during the mineralization process, which then induces a lateral residual stress field in the platelets. Nanoindentation tests and mercury intrusion porosimetry demonstrate that the material's energy dissipation is enhanced both intrinsically and extrinsically through the compressive stress near the platelet surface. The energy dissipation density reaches 0.159 ± 0.007 nJ/μm3, and the toughness amplification is superior to that of the most advanced ceramics. Numerical simulations also agree with the finding that the stress field notably contributes to the overall energy dissipation. This work demonstrates that the energy dissipation of biomimetic ceramics can be further increased by integrating design principles spanning multiple scales. This strategy can be readily extended to the combinations of other structural models for the design and fabrication of structural ceramics with customized and optimized performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Li-Chuan Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Li-Mei Shang
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing-Yue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Sen Meng
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Bo Mao
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Innovative Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Nie Y, Gao H, Ji H. The energy dissipation property in bioinspired staggered composites with the viscoelastic matrix. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106068. [PMID: 37639934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Many biological materials, such as bone and nacre, exhibit remarkable combinations of stiffness, strength, toughness, and impact resistance over millions of years of evolution. They provide prototypes for designing high-performance artificial composites. However, the dynamic properties of biological materials under impact loading are still not clear. In this study, we establish a dynamic shear-lag model to explore the dynamic response and the energy dissipation capacity of bioinspired staggered composites with a viscoelastic matrix under impact loading. The time domain solution of the dynamic shear-lag model is derived. Then, the model is verified by comparing it with the results from the finite element method. The results demonstrate that matrix viscosity plays a significant role in dissipating the impact energy and enhances the wave transformation between adjacent tablets. Furthermore, there exists an optimal viscosity coefficient to achieve an excellent balance between the rate and efficiency of energy dissipation. The model and the results can not only reveal the energy dissipation property of biological materials but also provide guidelines for the design and optimization of high-performance composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Nie
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 Deya Road, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Gao
- Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, 5 BiYuan Road, Xianyang, 712099, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Ji
- Intelligent Game and Decision Lab, Haidian District, 100071, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Zhou Y, Liu K, Zhang H. Biomimetic Mineralization: From Microscopic to Macroscopic Materials and Their Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3516-3531. [PMID: 36944024 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is an attractive pathway to produce mineral-based biomaterials with high performance and hierarchical structures. To date, the biomineralization process and mechanism have been extensively studied, especially for the formation of bone, teeth, and nacre. Inspired by those, abundant biomimetic mineralized materials have been fabricated for biomedical applications. Those bioinspired materials generally exhibit great mechanical properties and biological functions. Nevertheless, substantial gaps remain between biomimetic materials and natural materials, particularly with respect to mechanical properties and mutiscale structures. This Review summarizes the recent progress of micro- and macroscopic biomimetic mineralization from the perspective of materials synthesis and biomedical applications. To begin with, we discuss the progress of biomimetic mineralization at the microscopic level. The mechanical strength, stability, and functionality of the nano- and micromaterials are significantly improved by introducing biominerals, such as DNA nanostructures, nanovaccines, and living cells. Next, numerous biomimetic strategies based on biomineralization at the macroscopic scale are highlighted, including in situ mineralization and bottom-up assembly of mineralized building blocks. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding the development of biomimetic mineralization are also presented with the aim of offering insights for the rational design and fabrication of next-generation biomimetic mineralized materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusai Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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8
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Tabrizian P, Sun H, Jargalsaikhan U, Sui T, Davis S, Su B. Biomimetic Nacre-like Hydroxyapatite/Polymer Composites for Bone Implants. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:393. [PMID: 37623638 PMCID: PMC10455918 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most ambitious goals for bone implants is to improve bioactivity, incapability, and mechanical properties; to reduce the need for further surgery; and increase efficiency. Hydroxyapatite (HA), the main inorganic component of bones and teeth, has high biocompatibility but is weak and brittle material. Cortical bone is composed of 70% calcium phosphate (CaP) and 30% collagen and forms a complex hierarchical structure with anisotropic and lamellar microstructure (osteons) which makes bone a light, strong, tough, and durable material that can support large loads. However, imitation of concentric lamellar structure of osteons is difficult to achieve in fabrication. Nacre from mollusk shells with layered structures has now become the archetype of the natural "model" for bio-inspired materials. Incorporating a nacre-like layered structure into bone implants can enhance their mechanical strength, toughness, and durability, reducing the risk of implant catastrophic failure or fracture. The layered structure of nacre-like HA/polymer composites possess high strength, toughness, and tunable stiffness which matches that of bone. The nacre-like HA/polymer composites should also possess excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity which facilitate the bonding of the implant with the surrounding bone, leading to improved implant stability and long-term success. To achieve this, a bi-directional freeze-casting technique was used to produce elongated lamellar HA were further densified and infiltrated with polymer to produce nacre-like HA/polymer composites with high strength and fracture toughness. Mechanical characterization shows that increasing the ceramic fractions in the composite increases the density of the mineral bridges, resulting in higher flexural and compressive strength. The nacre-like HA/(methyl methacrylate (MMA) + 5 wt.% acrylic acid (AA)) composites with a ceramic fraction of 80 vol.% showed a flexural strength of 158 ± 7.02 MPa and a Young's modulus of 24 ± 4.34 GPa, compared with 130 ± 5.82 MPa and 19.75 ± 2.38 GPa, in the composite of HA/PMMA, due to the higher strength of the polymer and the interface of the composite. The fracture toughness in the composition of 5 wt.% PAA to PMMA improves from 3.023 ± 0.98 MPa·m1/2 to 5.27 ± 1.033 MPa·m1/2 by increasing the ceramic fraction from 70 vol.% to 80 vol.%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Tabrizian
- Biomaterials Engineering Group, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; (P.T.)
| | - Huijun Sun
- Biomaterials Engineering Group, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; (P.T.)
| | - Urangua Jargalsaikhan
- School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Tan Sui
- School of Mechanical Engineering Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sean Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Biomaterials Engineering Group, Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; (P.T.)
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Patadiya J, Wang X, Joshi G, Kandasubramanian B, Naebe M. 3D-Printed Biomimetic Hierarchical Nacre Architecture: Fracture Behavior and Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18449-18461. [PMID: 37273619 PMCID: PMC10233667 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nacreous architecture has a good combination of toughness and modulus, which can be mimicked at the micron to submicron level using 3D printing to resolve the demand in numerous applications such as automobile, aerospace, and protection equipment. The present study examines the fabrication of two nacre structures, a nacre columnar (NC) and a nacre sheet (NS), and a pristine structure via fused deposition modeling (FDM) and explores their mechanically superior stacking structure, mechanism of failure, crack propagation, and energy dissipation. The examination reveals that the nacre structure has significant mechanical properties compared to a neat sample. Additionally, NS has 112.098 J/m impact resistance (9.37% improvement), 803.415 MPa elastic modulus (11.23% improvement), and 1563 MPa flexural modulus (10.85% improvement), which are all higher than those of the NC arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Patadiya
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
- Additive
Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced
Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune 411025, Maharashtra, India
| | - Xungai Wang
- JC
STEM Lab of Sustainable Fibers and Textiles, School of Fashion and
Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ganapati Joshi
- Additive
Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced
Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune 411025, Maharashtra, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Additive
Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials
Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced
Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, Pune 411025, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Institute
for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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10
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Review of Artificial Nacre for Oil–Water Separation. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their extraordinary prospective uses, particularly in the areas of oil–water separation, underwater superoleophobic materials have gained increasing attention. Thus, artificial nacre has become an attractive candidate for oil–water separation due to its superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity properties. Synthesized artificial nacre has successfully achieved a high mechanical strength that is close to or even surpasses the mechanical strength of natural nacre. This can be attributed to suitable synthesis methods, the selection of inorganic fillers and polymer matrices, and the enhancement of the mechanical properties through cross-linking, covalent group modification, or mineralization. The utilization of nacre-inspired composite membranes for emerging applications, i.e., is oily wastewater treatment, is highlighted in this review. The membranes show that full separation of oil and water can be achieved, which enables their applications in seawater environments. The self-cleaning mechanism’s basic functioning and antifouling tips are also concluded in this review.
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11
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Mao LB, Meng YF, Meng XS, Yang B, Yang YL, Lu YJ, Yang ZY, Shang LM, Yu SH. Matrix-Directed Mineralization for Bulk Structural Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18175-18194. [PMID: 36162119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mineral-based bulk structural materials (MBSMs) are known for their long history and extensive range of usage. The inherent brittleness of minerals poses a major problem to the performance of MBSMs. To overcome this problem, design principles have been extracted from natural biominerals, in which the extraordinary mechanical performance is achieved via the hierarchical organization of minerals and organics. Nevertheless, precise and efficient fabrication of MBSMs with bioinspired hierarchical structures under mild conditions has long been a big challenge. This Perspective provides a panoramic view of an emerging fabrication strategy, matrix-directed mineralization, which imitates the in vivo growth of some biominerals. The advantages of the strategy are revealed by comparatively analyzing the conventional fabrication techniques of artificial hierarchically structured MBSMs and the biomineral growth processes. By introducing recent advances, we demonstrate that this strategy can be used to fabricate artificial MBSMs with hierarchical structures. Particular attention is paid to the mass transport and the precursors that are involved in the mineralization process. We hope this Perspective can provide some inspiring viewpoints on the importance of biomimetic mineralization in material fabrication and thereby spur the biomimetic fabrication of high-performance MBSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Mao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Feng Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Sen Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Mei Shang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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12
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Du F, Alghamdi S, Yang J, Huston D, Tan T. Interfacial Mechanical Behavior in Nacre of Red Abalone and Other Shells: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022. [PMID: 35959691 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interfaces between nacreous tablets are crucial to the outstanding mechanical properties of nacre in natural shells. Excellent research has been conducted to probe the effect of interfaces on strength and toughness of nacre, providing critical guidelines for the design of human-made laminated composites. This article reviews recent studies on interfacial mechanical behavior of nacre in red abalone and other shells, including experimental methods, analytical and numerical modeling. The discussions focus on the mechanical properties of dry and hydrated nacreous microstructures. The review concludes with discussions on representative studies of nacre-like composites with interfaces tuned using multiple approaches, and provides an outlook on improving the performance of composites with better interfacial controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vermont Technical College, Randolph Center, Vermont 05061, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Saleh Alghamdi
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Dryver Huston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Ting Tan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.,Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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13
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Abstract
Biological materials such as nacre have evolved microstructural design principles that result in outstanding mechanical properties. While nacre's design concepts have led to bio-inspired materials with enhanced fracture toughness, the microstructural features underlying the remarkable damping properties of this biological material have not yet been fully explored in synthetic composites. Here, we study the damping behavior of nacre-like composites containing mineral bridges and platelet asperities as nanoscale structural features within its brick-and-mortar architecture. Dynamic mechanical analysis was performed to experimentally elucidate the role of these features on the damping response of the nacre-like composites. By enhancing stress transfer between platelets and at the brick/mortar interface, mineral bridges and nano-asperities were found to improve the damping performance of the composite to levels that surpass many biological and man-made materials. Surprisingly, the improved properties are achieved without reaching the perfect organization of the biological counterparts. Our nacre-like composites display a loss modulus 2.4-fold higher than natural nacre and 1.4-fold more than highly dissipative natural fiber composites. These findings shed light on the role of nanoscale structural features on the dynamic mechanical properties of nacre and offer design concepts for the manufacturing of bio-inspired composites for high-performance damping applications.
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14
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Abstract
ConspectusUsing a limited selection of ordinary components and at ambient temperature, nature has managed to produce a wide range of incredibly diverse materials with astonishingly elegant and complex architectures. Probably the most famous example is nacre, or mother-of-pearl, the inner lining of the shells of abalone and certain other mollusks. Nacre is 95% aragonite, a hard but brittle calcium carbonate mineral, that exhibits fracture toughness exceedingly greater than that of pure aragonite, when tested in the direction perpendicular to the platelets. No human-made composite outperforms its constituent materials by such a wide margin. Nature's unique ability to combine the desirable properties of components into a material that performs significantly better than the sum of its parts has sparked strong interest in bioinspired materials design.Inspired by this complex hierarchical architecture, many processing routes have been proposed to replicate one or several of these features. New processing techniques point to a number of laboratory successes that hold promise in mimicking nacre. We pioneered one of them, ice templating, in 2006. When a suspension of particles is frozen, particles are rejected by the growing ice crystals and concentrate in the space between the crystals. After the ice is freeze-dried, the resulting scaffold is a porous body that can eventually be pressed to increase the density and then be infiltrated with a second phase, providing multilayered, lamellar complex composites with a microstructure reminiscent of nacre. The composites exhibit a marked crack deflection during crack propagation, enhancing the damage resistance of the materials, offering an interesting trade-off of strength and toughness.Freezing as a path to build complex composites has turned out to be a rich line of research and development. Understanding and controlling the freezing routes and associated phenomena has become a multidisciplinary endeavor. A step forward in the complexity was achieved with the use of anisotropic particles. Ice-induced segregation and alignment of platelets can yield dense, inorganic composites (nacre-like alumina) with a complex architecture and microstructure, replicating several of the morphological features of nacre. Now, a different class of complex composites is quickly arising: engineered living materials, developed in the soft matter and biology communities. The material-agnostic nature of the freezing routes, the use of an aqueous system, the absence of organic solvents, and the low temperatures being used are all strong assets for the development of such complex composites. More complex building blocks, such as cells or bacteria, can be frozen. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms controlling the interactions between the ice crystals and the objects as well as the interactions between the soft objects themselves and their fate is essential in this context.In this Account, we highlight our efforts over the past decade to achieve the controlled synthesis of nacre-like composites and understand the associated processes and properties. We describe the unique hierarchical and chemical structure of nacre and the fabrication strategies for processing nacre-like composites. We also try to explain why natural materials work so well and see how we can implement these lessons in synthetic composites. Finally, we provide an outlook on the new trends and ongoing challenges in this field. We hope that this Account will inspire future developments in the field of ice templating and bioinspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Deville
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Antoni P. Tomsia
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Sylvain Meille
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, MATEIS UMR 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
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15
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Yu Y, Kong K, Tang R, Liu Z. A Bioinspired Ultratough Composite Produced by Integration of Inorganic Ionic Oligomers within Polymer Networks. ACS NANO 2022; 16:7926-7936. [PMID: 35482415 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nacre-inspired laminates are promising materials for their excellent mechanics. However, the interfacial defects between organic-inorganic phases commonly lead to the crack propagation and fracture failure of these materials under stress. A natural biomineral, bone, has much higher bending toughness than the nacre. The small size of inorganic building units in bone improves the organic-inorganic interaction, which optimizes the material toughness. Inspired by these biological structures, here, an ultratough nanocomposite laminate is prepared by the integration of ultrasmall calcium phosphate oligomers (CPO, 1 nm in diameter) within poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sodium alginate (Alg) networks through a simple three-step strategy. Owing to the small size of inorganic building units, strong multiple molecular interactions within integrated organic-inorganic hierarchical structure are built. The resulting laminates exhibit ultrahigh bending strain (>50% without fracture) and toughness (21.5-31.0 MJ m-3), which surpass natural nacre and almost all of the synthetic laminate materials that have been reported so far. Moreover, the mechanics of this laminate is tunable by changing the water content within the bulk structure. This work provides a way for the development of organic-inorganic nanocomposites with ultrahigh bending toughness by using inorganic ionic oligomers, which can be useful in the fields of tough protective materials and energy absorbing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311215, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Kangren Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory for Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- State Key Laboratory for Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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16
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Muñoz-Moya E, García-Herrera CM, Lagos NA, Abarca-Ortega AF, Checa AG, Harper EM. Evaluation of remodeling and geometry on the biomechanical properties of nacreous bivalve shells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:710. [PMID: 35027596 PMCID: PMC8758743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mollusks have developed a broad diversity of shelled structures to protect against challenges imposed by biological interactions(e.g., predation) and constraints (e.g., [Formula: see text]-induced ocean acidification and wave-forces). Although the study of shell biomechanical properties with nacreous microstructure has provided understanding about the role of shell integrity and functionality on mollusk performance and survival, there are no studies, to our knowledge, that delve into the variability of these properties during the mollusk ontogeny, between both shells of bivalves or across the shell length. In this study, using as a model the intertidal mussel Perumytilus purpuratus to obtain, for the first time, the mechanical properties of its shells with nacreous microstructure; we perform uniaxial compression tests oriented in three orthogonal axes corresponding to the orthotropic directions of the shell material behavior (thickness, longitudinal, and transversal). Thus, we evaluated whether the shell material's stress and strain strength and elastic modulus showed differences in mechanical behavior in mussels of different sizes, between valves, and across the shell length. Our results showed that the biomechanical properties of the material building the P. purpuratus shells are symmetrical in both valves and homogeneous across the shell length. However, uniaxial compression tests performed across the shell thickness showed that biomechanical performance depends on the shell size (aging); and that mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus, maximum stress, and strain become degraded during ontogeny. SEM observations evidenced that compression induced a tortuous fracture with a delamination effect on the aragonite mineralogical structure of the shell. Findings suggest that P. purpuratus may become vulnerable to durophagous predators and wave forces in older stages, with implications in mussel beds ecology and biodiversity of intertidal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefano Muñoz-Moya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudio M García-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Ejército Libertador 146, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Aldo F Abarca-Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Av. Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Antonio G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Elizabeth M Harper
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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17
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In situ mechanical reinforcement of polymer hydrogels via metal-coordinated crosslink mineralization. Nat Commun 2021; 12:667. [PMID: 33510173 PMCID: PMC7844223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological organic-inorganic materials remain a popular source of inspiration for bioinspired materials design and engineering. Inspired by the self-assembling metal-reinforced mussel holdfast threads, we tested if metal-coordinate polymer networks can be utilized as simple composite scaffolds for direct in situ crosslink mineralization. Starting with aqueous solutions of polymers end-functionalized with metal-coordinating ligands of catechol or histidine, here we show that inter-molecular metal-ion coordination complexes can serve as mineral nucleation sites, whereby significant mechanical reinforcement is achieved upon nanoscale particle growth directly at the metal-coordinate network crosslink sites. Biological organic-inorganic materials, such as self-assembling metal-reinforced mussel holdfast threads, remain a popular source of inspiration for materials design and engineering. Here the authors show that metal-coordinate polymer networks can be utilized as simple composite scaffolds for direct in situ crosslink mineralization.
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18
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Romo‐Uribe A, Lichtenhan JD. Melt extrusion and blow molding parts‐per‐million
POSS
interspersed the macromolecular network and simultaneously enhanced thermomechanical and barrier properties of polyolefin films. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Romo‐Uribe
- Advanced Science & Technology Division Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc., Research & Development Jacksonville Florida USA
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19
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Raut HK, Schwartzman AF, Das R, Liu F, Wang L, Ross CA, Fernandez JG. Tough and Strong: Cross-Lamella Design Imparts Multifunctionality to Biomimetic Nacre. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9771-9779. [PMID: 32597633 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The creation of structural composites with combined strength, toughness, low density, and biocompatibility remains a long-standing challenge. On the other hand, bivalve marine shells-Clinocardiumspp.-exhibit strength, stiffness, and toughness that surpass even that of the nacre that is the most widely mimicked model for structural composites. The superior mechanical properties of Clinocardiumspp. shells originate from their cross-lamella design, comprising CaCO3 mineral platelets arranged in an "interlocked" herringbone fashion. Reproduction of such hierarchical designs could offer multifunctionality, potentially combining strength and toughness at low densities, and the capability for seamless integration with biological systems. Here, we demonstrate manufacturing of the cross-lamella design by biomineralizing aragonite films with sawtooth patterns and assembling them in a chitosan/fibroin matrix to generate a composite with interlocked mineral layers. The resultant composite, with a similar constitution to that of the biological counterpart, nearly doubles the strength of previous nacre-mimetic composites while improving the tensile toughness and simultaneously exhibiting stiffness and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar Raut
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Division of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
| | - Alan F Schwartzman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rupambika Das
- Division of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Javier G Fernandez
- Division of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Republic of Singapore
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20
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Ubaid J, Wardle BL, Kumar S. Bioinspired Compliance Grading Motif of Mortar in Nacreous Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33256-33266. [PMID: 32559363 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impressive toughness and strength of natural nacre, attributed to its multi-scale and -material hierarchical architecture, has inspired biomimicry and bioinspired materials development, and here we show that material compliance gradients are a motif that can help explain their advantaged mechanical performance. We present experiments enabled via additive manufacturing that allow direct evaluation of a compliance grading motif of the mortar between the relatively stiff bricks of the nacreous material. Spatial grading of the mortar compliance redistributes stresses away from critical regions (at, and around, brick corners), resulting in overall increases of ∼60% in strength, ∼ 70% in toughness, and ∼30% in strain-to-break, while maintaining macroscopic stiffness. Mechanistically, failure initiation threshold is delayed due to enhanced strain-tolerance and strain-localization as revealed in prefailure experimental strain maps, and in agreement with numerical analyses. We further demonstrate that this modulus grading motif, beyond the stiffness mismatch between the brick and mortar periodic architecture, is a significant contributor to the performance of the much-studied nacreous systems and is suggested as a natural but overlooked mechanism in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabir Ubaid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Masdar Campus, Masdar City, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Brian L Wardle
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Masdar Campus, Masdar City, P.O. Box 54224, Abu Dhabi UAE
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
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21
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Microribbons composed of directionally self-assembled nanoflakes as highly stretchable ionic neural electrodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14667-14675. [PMID: 32532923 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003079117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many natural materials possess built-in structural variation, endowing them with superior performance. However, it is challenging to realize programmable structural variation in self-assembled synthetic materials since self-assembly processes usually generate uniform and ordered structures. Here, we report the formation of asymmetric microribbons composed of directionally self-assembled two-dimensional nanoflakes in a polymeric matrix during three-dimensional direct-ink printing. The printed ribbons with embedded structural variations show site-specific variance in their mechanical properties. Remarkably, the ribbons can spontaneously transform into ultrastretchable springs with controllable helical architecture upon stimulation. Such springs also exhibit superior nanoscale transport behavior as nanofluidic ionic conductors under even ultralarge tensile strains (>1,000%). Furthermore, to show possible real-world uses of such materials, we demonstrate in vivo neural recording and stimulation using such springs in a bullfrog animal model. Thus, such springs can be used as neural electrodes compatible with soft and dynamic biological tissues.
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