1
|
Stirbet A, Guo Y, Lazár D, Govindjee G. From leaf to multiscale models of photosynthesis: applications and challenges for crop improvement. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 161:21-49. [PMID: 38619700 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To keep up with the growth of human population and to circumvent deleterious effects of global climate change, it is essential to enhance crop yield to achieve higher production. Here we review mathematical models of oxygenic photosynthesis that are extensively used, and discuss in depth a subset that accounts for diverse approaches providing solutions to our objective. These include models (1) to study different ways to enhance photosynthesis, such as fine-tuning antenna size, photoprotection and electron transport; (2) to bioengineer carbon metabolism; and (3) to evaluate the interactions between the process of photosynthesis and the seasonal crop dynamics, or those that have included statistical whole-genome prediction methods to quantify the impact of photosynthesis traits on the improvement of crop yield. We conclude by emphasizing that the results obtained in these studies clearly demonstrate that mathematical modelling is a key tool to examine different approaches to improve photosynthesis for better productivity, while effective multiscale crop models, especially those that also include remote sensing data, are indispensable to verify different strategies to obtain maximized crop yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký Univesity, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Plant Biology, and the Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Citty B, Lynd JK, Gera T, Varvelo L, Raccah DIGB. MesoHOPS: Size-invariant scaling calculations of multi-excitation open quantum systems. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144118. [PMID: 38619062 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The photoexcitation dynamics of molecular materials on the 10-100 nm length scale depend on complex interactions between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom, rendering exact calculations difficult or intractable. The adaptive Hierarchy of Pure States (adHOPS) is a formally exact method that leverages the locality imposed by interactions between thermal environments and electronic excitations to achieve size-invariant scaling calculations for single-excitation processes in systems described by a Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian. Here, we extend adHOPS to account for arbitrary couplings between thermal environments and vertical excitation energies, enabling formally exact, size-invariant calculations that involve multiple excitations or states with shared thermal environments. In addition, we introduce a low-temperature correction and an effective integration of the noise to reduce the computational expense of including ultrafast vibrational relaxation in Hierarchy of Pure States (HOPS) simulations. We present these advances in the latest version of the open-source MesoHOPS library and use MesoHOPS to characterize charge separation at a one-dimensional organic heterojunction when both the electron and hole are mobile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Citty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jacob K Lynd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Tarun Gera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Leonel Varvelo
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, PO Box 750314 Dallas, Texas 75205, USA
| | - Doran I G B Raccah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nguyen HL, Do TN, Zhong K, Akhtar P, Jansen TLC, Knoester J, Caffarri S, Lambrev P, Tan HS. Inter-subunit energy transfer processes in a minimal plant photosystem II supercomplex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh0911. [PMID: 38394196 PMCID: PMC10889429 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is an integral part of the photosynthesis machinery, in which several light-harvesting complexes rely on inter-complex excitonic energy transfer (EET) processes to channel energy to the reaction center. In this paper, we report on a direct observation of the inter-complex EET in a minimal PSII supercomplex from plants, containing the trimeric light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), the monomeric light-harvesting complex CP26, and the monomeric PSII core complex. Using two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy, we measure an inter-complex EET timescale of 50 picoseconds for excitations from the LHCII-CP26 peripheral antenna to the PSII core. The 2D electronic spectra also reveal that the transfer timescale is nearly constant over the pump spectrum of 600 to 700 nanometers. Structure-based calculations reveal the contribution of each antenna complex to the measured inter-complex EET time. These results provide a step in elucidating the full inter-complex energy transfer network of the PSII machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Long Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Thanh Nhut Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Kai Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Nonprofit Limited, Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged 6728, Hungary
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Thomas L. C. Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jasper Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Petar Lambrev
- HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Temesvári körút 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Short A, Fay TP, Crisanto T, Mangal R, Niyogi KK, Limmer DT, Fleming GR. Kinetics of the xanthophyll cycle and its role in photoprotective memory and response. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6621. [PMID: 37857617 PMCID: PMC10587229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42281-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficiently balancing photochemistry and photoprotection is crucial for survival and productivity of photosynthetic organisms in the rapidly fluctuating light levels found in natural environments. The ability to respond quickly to sudden changes in light level is clearly advantageous. In the alga Nannochloropsis oceanica we observed an ability to respond rapidly to sudden increases in light level which occur soon after a previous high-light exposure. This ability implies a kind of memory. In this work, we explore the xanthophyll cycle in N. oceanica as a short-term photoprotective memory system. By combining snapshot fluorescence lifetime measurements with a biochemistry-based quantitative model, we show that short-term memory arises from the xanthophyll cycle. In addition, the model enables us to characterize the relative quenching abilities of the three xanthophyll cycle components. Given the ubiquity of the xanthophyll cycle in photosynthetic organisms the model described here will be of utility in improving our understanding of vascular plant and algal photoprotection with important implications for crop productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Short
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas P Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thien Crisanto
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ratul Mangal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - David T Limmer
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Chemical Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Material Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yadav RM, Marriboina S, Zamal MY, Pandey J, Subramanyam R. High light-induced changes in whole-cell proteomic profile and its correlation with the organization of thylakoid super-complex in cyclic electron transport mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1198474. [PMID: 37521924 PMCID: PMC10374432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1198474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Light and nutrients are essential components of photosynthesis. Activating the signaling cascades is critical in starting adaptive processes in response to high light. In this study, we have used wild-type (WT), cyclic electron transport (CET) mutants like Proton Gradient Regulation (PGR) (PGRL1), and PGR5 to elucidate the actual role in regulation and assembly of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes under high light. Here, we have correlated the biophysical, biochemical, and proteomic approaches to understand the targeted proteins and the organization of thylakoid pigment-protein complexes in the photoacclimation. The proteomic analysis showed that 320 proteins were significantly affected under high light compared to the control and are mainly involved in the photosynthetic electron transport chain, protein synthesis, metabolic process, glycolysis, and proteins involved in cytoskeleton assembly. Additionally, we observed that the cytochrome (Cyt) b6 expression is increased in the pgr5 mutant to regulate proton motive force and ATPase across the thylakoid membrane. The increased Cyt b6 function in pgr5 could be due to the compromised function of chloroplast (cp) ATP synthase subunits for energy generation and photoprotection under high light. Moreover, our proteome data show that the photosystem subunit II (PSBS) protein isoforms (PSBS1 and PSBS2) expressed more than the Light-Harvesting Complex Stress-Related (LHCSR) protein in pgr5 compared to WT and pgrl1 under high light. The immunoblot data shows the photosystem II proteins D1 and D2 accumulated more in pgrl1 and pgr5 than WT under high light. In high light, CP43 and CP47 showed a reduced amount in pgr5 under high light due to changes in chlorophyll and carotenoid content around the PSII protein, which coordinates as a cofactor for efficient energy transfer from the light-harvesting antenna to the photosystem core. BN-PAGE and circular dichroism studies indicate changes in macromolecular assembly and thylakoid super-complexes destacking in pgrl1 and pgr5 due to changes in the pigment-protein complexes under high light. Based on this study, we emphasize that this is an excellent aid in understanding the role of CET mutants in thylakoid protein abundances and super-complex organization under high light.
Collapse
|
6
|
Malý P, Lüttig J, Rose PA, Turkin A, Lambert C, Krich JJ, Brixner T. Separating single- from multi-particle dynamics in nonlinear spectroscopy. Nature 2023; 616:280-287. [PMID: 36973449 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantum states depend on the coordinates of all their constituent particles, with essential multi-particle correlations. Time-resolved laser spectroscopy1 is widely used to probe the energies and dynamics of excited particles and quasiparticles such as electrons and holes2,3, excitons4-6, plasmons7, polaritons8 or phonons9. However, nonlinear signals from single- and multiple-particle excitations are all present simultaneously and cannot be disentangled without a priori knowledge of the system4,10. Here, we show that transient absorption-the most commonly used nonlinear spectroscopy-with N prescribed excitation intensities allows separation of the dynamics into N increasingly nonlinear contributions; in systems well-described by discrete excitations, these N contributions systematically report on zero to N excitations. We obtain clean single-particle dynamics even at high excitation intensities and can systematically increase the number of interacting particles, infer their interaction energies and reconstruct their dynamics, which are not measurable via conventional means. We extract single- and multiple-exciton dynamics in squaraine polymers11,12 and, contrary to common assumption6,13, we find that the excitons, on average, meet several times before annihilating. This surprising ability of excitons to survive encounters is important for efficient organic photovoltaics14,15. As we demonstrate on five diverse systems, our procedure is general, independent of the measured system or type of observed (quasi)particle and straightforward to implement. We envision future applicability in the probing of (quasi)particle interactions in such diverse areas as plasmonics7, Auger recombination2 and exciton correlations in quantum dots5,16,17, singlet fission18, exciton interactions in two-dimensional materials19 and in molecules20,21, carrier multiplication22, multiphonon scattering9 or polariton-polariton interaction8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Julian Lüttig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter A Rose
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur Turkin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacob J Krich
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maity S, Kleinekathöfer U. Recent progress in atomistic modeling of light-harvesting complexes: a mini review. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:147-162. [PMID: 36207489 PMCID: PMC10070314 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this mini review, we focus on recent advances in the atomistic modeling of biological light-harvesting (LH) complexes. Because of their size and sophisticated electronic structures, multiscale methods are required to investigate the dynamical and spectroscopic properties of such complexes. The excitation energies, in this context also known as site energies, excitonic couplings, and spectral densities are key quantities which usually need to be extracted to be able to determine the exciton dynamics and spectroscopic properties. The recently developed multiscale approach based on the numerically efficient density functional tight-binding framework followed by excited state calculations has been shown to be superior to the scheme based on pure classical molecular dynamics simulations. The enhanced approach, which improves the description of the internal vibrational dynamics of the pigment molecules, yields spectral densities in good agreement with the experimental counterparts for various bacterial and plant LH systems. Here, we provide a brief overview of those results and described the theoretical foundation of the multiscale protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Maity
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kleinekathöfer
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Varvelo L, Lynd JK, Citty B, Kühn O, Raccah DIGB. Formally Exact Simulations of Mesoscale Exciton Diffusion in a Light-Harvesting 2 Antenna Nanoarray. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3077-3083. [PMID: 36947483 PMCID: PMC10069740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic apparatus of plants and bacteria combine atomically precise pigment-protein complexes with dynamic membrane architectures to control energy transfer on the 10-100 nm length scales. Recently, synthetic materials have integrated photosynthetic antenna proteins to enhance exciton transport, though the influence of artificial packing on the excited-state dynamics in these biohybrid materials is not fully understood. Here, we use the adaptive hierarchy of pure states (adHOPS) to perform a formally exact simulation of excitation energy transfer within artificial aggregates of light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) with a range of packing densities. We find that LH2 aggregates support a remarkable exciton diffusion length ranging from 100 nm at a biological packing density to 300 nm at the densest packing previously suggested in an artificial aggregate. The unprecedented scale of these formally exact calculations also underscores the efficiency with which adHOPS simulates excited-state processes in molecular materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Varvelo
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Jacob K. Lynd
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Brian Citty
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute
of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Doran I. G. B. Raccah
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, Texas 75275, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kalra A, Benny A, Travis SM, Zizzi EA, Morales-Sanchez A, Oblinsky DG, Craddock TJA, Hameroff SR, MacIver MB, Tuszyński JA, Petry S, Penrose R, Scholes GD. Electronic Energy Migration in Microtubules. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:352-361. [PMID: 36968538 PMCID: PMC10037452 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The repeating arrangement of tubulin dimers confers great mechanical strength to microtubules, which are used as scaffolds for intracellular macromolecular transport in cells and exploited in biohybrid devices. The crystalline order in a microtubule, with lattice constants short enough to allow energy transfer between amino acid chromophores, is similar to synthetic structures designed for light harvesting. After photoexcitation, can these amino acid chromophores transfer excitation energy along the microtubule like a natural or artificial light-harvesting system? Here, we use tryptophan autofluorescence lifetimes to probe energy hopping between aromatic residues in tubulin and microtubules. By studying how the quencher concentration alters tryptophan autofluorescence lifetimes, we demonstrate that electronic energy can diffuse over 6.6 nm in microtubules. We discover that while diffusion lengths are influenced by tubulin polymerization state (free tubulin versus tubulin in the microtubule lattice), they are not significantly altered by the average number of protofilaments (13 versus 14). We also demonstrate that the presence of the anesthetics etomidate and isoflurane reduce exciton diffusion. Energy transport as explained by conventional Förster theory (accommodating for interactions between tryptophan and tyrosine residues) does not sufficiently explain our observations. Our studies indicate that microtubules are, unexpectedly, effective light harvesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarat
P. Kalra
- Department
of Chemistry, New Frick Chemistry Building, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Alfy Benny
- Department
of Chemistry, New Frick Chemistry Building, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Sophie M. Travis
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Schultz Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Eric A. Zizzi
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Torino10129, Italy
| | - Austin Morales-Sanchez
- Department
of Chemistry, New Frick Chemistry Building, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Daniel G. Oblinsky
- Department
of Chemistry, New Frick Chemistry Building, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Travis J. A. Craddock
- Departments
of Psychology & Neuroscience, Computer Science, and Clinical Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida33314, United States
| | - Stuart R. Hameroff
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Center for Consciousness Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona85721, United States
| | - M. Bruce MacIver
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Stanford University School
of Medicine, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Jack A. Tuszyński
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Torino10129, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 2E1, Canada
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Sabine Petry
- Department
of Molecular Biology, Schultz Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| | - Roger Penrose
- Mathematical
Institute, Andrew Wiles Building, University
of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United
Kingdom
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department
of Chemistry, New Frick Chemistry Building, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bru P, Steen CJ, Park S, Amstutz CL, Sylak-Glassman EJ, Lam L, Fekete A, Mueller MJ, Longoni F, Fleming GR, Niyogi KK, Malnoë A. The major trimeric antenna complexes serve as a site for qH-energy dissipation in plants. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102519. [PMID: 36152752 PMCID: PMC9615032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants and algae are faced with a conundrum: harvesting sufficient light to drive their metabolic needs while dissipating light in excess to prevent photodamage, a process known as nonphotochemical quenching. A slowly relaxing form of energy dissipation, termed qH, is critical for plants’ survival under abiotic stress; however, qH location in the photosynthetic membrane is unresolved. Here, we tested whether we could isolate subcomplexes from plants in which qH was induced that would remain in an energy-dissipative state. Interestingly, we found that chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence lifetimes were decreased by qH in isolated major trimeric antenna complexes, indicating that they serve as a site for qH-energy dissipation and providing a natively quenched complex with physiological relevance to natural conditions. Next, we monitored the changes in thylakoid pigment, protein, and lipid contents of antenna with active or inactive qH but did not detect any evident differences. Finally, we investigated whether specific subunits of the major antenna complexes were required for qH but found that qH was insensitive to trimer composition. Because we previously observed that qH can occur in the absence of specific xanthophylls, and no evident changes in pigments, proteins, or lipids were detected, we tentatively propose that the energy-dissipative state reported here may stem from Chl–Chl excitonic interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Bru
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Collin J Steen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Soomin Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan, Chungnam 31253, Republic of Korea
| | - Cynthia L Amstutz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Emily J Sylak-Glassman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lam Lam
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, Biocenter, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Fiamma Longoni
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (formerly Physical Biosciences Division), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alizée Malnoë
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Long SP, Taylor SH, Burgess SJ, Carmo-Silva E, Lawson T, De Souza AP, Leonelli L, Wang Y. Into the Shadows and Back into Sunlight: Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:617-648. [PMID: 35595290 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is an important remaining opportunity for further improvement in the genetic yield potential of our major crops. Measurement, analysis, and improvement of leaf CO2 assimilation (A) have focused largely on photosynthetic rates under light-saturated steady-state conditions. However, in modern crop canopies of several leaf layers, light is rarely constant, and the majority of leaves experience marked light fluctuations throughout the day. It takes several minutes for photosynthesis to regain efficiency in both sun-shade and shade-sun transitions, costing a calculated 10-40% of potential crop CO2 assimilation. Transgenic manipulations to accelerate the adjustment in sun-shade transitions have already shown a substantial productivity increase in field trials. Here, we explore means to further accelerate these adjustments and minimize these losses through transgenic manipulation, gene editing, and exploitation of natural variation. Measurement andanalysis of photosynthesis in sun-shade and shade-sun transitions are explained. Factors limiting speeds of adjustment and how they could be modified to effect improved efficiency are reviewed, specifically nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), Rubisco activation, and stomatal responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel H Taylor
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Burgess
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | | | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda P De Souza
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| | - Lauriebeth Leonelli
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Short AH, Fay TP, Crisanto T, Hall J, Steen CJ, Niyogi KK, Limmer DT, Fleming GR. Xanthophyll-cycle based model of the rapid photoprotection of Nannochloropsis in response to regular and irregular light/dark sequences. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:205102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0089335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract <p>We explore the photoprotection dynamics of Nannochloropsis oceanica using time-correlated single photon counting under regular and irregular actinic light sequences. The varying light sequences mimic natural conditions, allowing us to probe the real-time response of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) pathways. Durations of fluctuating light exposure during a fixed total experimental time and prior light exposure of the algae are both found to have a profound effect on NPQ. These observations are rationalized with a quantitative model based on the xanthophyll cycle and the protonation of LHCX1. The model is able to accurately describe the dynamics of non-photochemical quenching across a variety of light sequences. The combined model and observations suggest that the accumulation of a quenching complex, likely zeaxanthin bound to a protonated LHCX1, is responsible for the gradual rise in NPQ. Additionally, the model makes specific predictions for the light sequence dependence of xanthophyll concentrations that are in reasonable agreement with independent chromatography measurements taken during a specific light/dark sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey H Short
- University of California Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Thomas Patrick Fay
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Thien Crisanto
- University of California Berkeley, United States of America
| | - Johanna Hall
- Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America
| | - Collin J Steen
- Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, United States of America
| | | | - David T Limmer
- Chemistry, University of California Berkeley Department of Chemistry, United States of America
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley College of Chemistry, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li R, Lombardozzi D, Shi M, Frankenberg C, Parazoo NC, Köhler P, Yi K, Guan K, Yang X. Representation of Leaf-to-Canopy Radiative Transfer Processes Improves Simulation of Far-Red Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence in the Community Land Model Version 5. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS 2022; 14:e2021MS002747. [PMID: 35865620 PMCID: PMC9285887 DOI: 10.1029/2021ms002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in satellite observations of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) provide a new opportunity to constrain the simulation of terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Accurate representation of the processes driving SIF emission and its radiative transfer to remote sensing sensors is an essential prerequisite for data assimilation. Recently, SIF simulations have been incorporated into several land surface models, but the scaling of SIF from leaf-level to canopy-level is usually not well-represented. Here, we incorporate the simulation of far-red SIF observed at nadir into the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5). Leaf-level fluorescence yield was simulated by a parametric simplification of the Soil Canopy-Observation of Photosynthesis and Energy fluxes model (SCOPE). And an efficient and accurate method based on escape probability is developed to scale SIF from leaf-level to top-of-canopy while taking clumping and the radiative transfer processes into account. SIF simulated by CLM5 and SCOPE agreed well at sites except one in needleleaf forest (R 2 > 0.91, root-mean-square error <0.19 W⋅m-2⋅sr-1⋅μm-1), and captured the day-to-day variation of tower-measured SIF at temperate forest sites (R 2 > 0.68). At the global scale, simulated SIF generally captured the spatial and seasonal patterns of satellite-observed SIF. Factors including the fluorescence emission model, clumping, bidirectional effect, and leaf optical properties had considerable impacts on SIF simulation, and the discrepancies between simulate d and observed SIF varied with plant functional type. By improving the representation of radiative transfer for SIF simulation, our model allows better comparisons between simulated and observed SIF toward constraining GPP simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics LaboratoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderCOUSA
| | - Mingjie Shi
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - Philipp Köhler
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Koong Yi
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences AreaLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Kaiyu Guan
- College of Agricultural, Consumers, and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- National Center of Supercomputing ApplicationsUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment (iSEE)University of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nawrocki WJ, Liu X, Raber B, Hu C, de Vitry C, Bennett DIG, Croce R. Molecular origins of induction and loss of photoinhibition-related energy dissipation q I. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj0055. [PMID: 34936440 PMCID: PMC8694598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis fuels life on Earth using sunlight as energy source. However, light has a simultaneous detrimental effect on the enzyme triggering photosynthesis and producing oxygen, photosystem II (PSII). Photoinhibition, the light-dependent decrease of PSII activity, results in a major limitation to aquatic and land photosynthesis and occurs upon all environmental stress conditions. In this work, we investigated the molecular origins of photoinhibition focusing on the paradoxical energy dissipation process of unknown nature coinciding with PSII damage. Integrating spectroscopic, biochemical, and computational approaches, we demonstrate that the site of this quenching process is the PSII reaction center. We propose that the formation of quenching and the closure of PSII stem from the same event. We lastly reveal the heterogeneity of PSII upon photoinhibition using structure-function modeling of excitation energy transfer. This work unravels the functional details of the damage-induced energy dissipation at the heart of photosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J. Nawrocki
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Corresponding author. (W.J.N.); (R.C.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bailey Raber
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chen Hu
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Catherine de Vitry
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, UMR 7141, CNRS-Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Doran I. G. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, P.O. Box 750314, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Corresponding author. (W.J.N.); (R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shibu A, Middleton C, Kwiatkowski CO, Kaushal M, Gillen JH, Walter MG. Self-Assembly-Directed Exciton Diffusion in Solution-Processable Metalloporphyrin Thin Films. Molecules 2021; 27:35. [PMID: 35011266 PMCID: PMC8746414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of excited-state energy diffusion has had an important impact in the development and optimization of organic electronics. For instance, optimizing excited-state energy migration in the photoactive layer in an organic solar cell device has been shown to yield efficient solar energy conversion. Despite the crucial role that energy migration plays in molecular electronic device physics, there is still a great deal to be explored to establish how molecular orientation impacts energy diffusion mechanisms. In this work, we have synthesized a new library of solution-processable, Zn (alkoxycarbonyl)phenylporphyrins containing butyl (ZnTCB4PP), hexyl (ZnTCH4PP), 2-ethylhexyl (ZnTCEH4PP), and octyl (ZnTCO4PP) alkoxycarbonyl groups. We establish that, by varying the length of the peripheral alkyl chains on the metalloporphyrin macrocycle, preferential orientation and molecular self-assembly is observed in solution-processed thin films. The resultant arrangement of molecules consequently affects the electronic and photophysical characteristics of the metalloporphyrin thin films. The various molecular arrangements in the porphyrin thin films and their resultant impact were determined using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence emission lifetimes, and X-ray diffraction in thin films. The films were doped with C60 quencher molecules and the change in fluorescence was measured to derive a relative quenching efficiency. Using emission decay, relative quenching efficiency, and dopant volume fraction as input, insights on exciton diffusion coefficient and exciton diffusion lengths were obtained from a Monte Carlo simulation. The octyl derivative (ZnTCO4PP) showed the strongest relative fluorescence quenching and, therefore, the highest exciton diffusion coefficient (5.29 × 10-3 cm2 s-1) and longest exciton diffusion length (~81 nm). The octyl derivative also showed the strongest out-of-plane stacking among the metalloporphyrins studied. This work demonstrates how molecular self-assembly can be used to modulate and direct exciton diffusion in solution-processable metalloporphyrin thin films engineered for optoelectronic and photonic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael G. Walter
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA; (A.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.K.); (M.K.); (J.H.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ben-Sheleg A, Khozin-Godberg I, Yaakov B, Vonshak A. Characterization of Nannochloropsis oceanica Rose Bengal Mutants Sheds Light on Acclimation Mechanisms to High Light When Grown in Low Temperature. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1478-1493. [PMID: 34180533 PMCID: PMC8600018 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A barrier to realizing Nannochloropsis oceanica's potential for omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production is the disparity between conditions that are optimal for growth and those that are optimal for EPA biomass content. A case in point is temperature: higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acid, and especially EPA, is observed in low-temperature (LT) environments, where growth rates are often inhibited. We hypothesized that mutant strains of N. oceanica resistant to the singlet-oxygen photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) would withstand the oxidative stress conditions that prevail in the combined stressful environment of high light (HL; 250 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and LT (18°C). This growth environment caused the wild-type (WT) strain to experience a spike in lipid peroxidation and an inability to proliferate, whereas growth and homeostatic reactive oxygen species levels were observed in the mutant strains. We suggest that the mutant strains' success in this environment can be attributed to their truncated photosystem II antennas and their increased ability to diffuse energy in those antennas as heat (non-photosynthetic quenching). As a result, the mutant strains produced upward of four times more EPA than the WT strain in this HL-LT environment. The major plastidial lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was a likely target for oxidative damage, contributing to the photosynthetic inhibition of the WT strain. A mutation in the NO10G01010.1 gene, causing a subunit of the 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase E1 protein to become non-functional, was determined to be the likely source of tolerance in the RB113 mutant strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Ben-Sheleg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Inna Khozin-Godberg
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Beery Yaakov
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| | - Avigad Vonshak
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, The French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede-Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Son M, Moya R, Pinnola A, Bassi R, Schlau-Cohen GS. Protein-Protein Interactions Induce pH-Dependent and Zeaxanthin-Independent Photoprotection in the Plant Light-Harvesting Complex, LHCII. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17577-17586. [PMID: 34648708 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plants use energy from the sun yet also require protection against the generation of deleterious photoproducts from excess energy. Photoprotection in green plants, known as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), involves thermal dissipation of energy and is activated by a series of interrelated factors: a pH drop in the lumen, accumulation of the carotenoid zeaxanthin (Zea), and formation of arrays of pigment-containing antenna complexes. However, understanding their individual contributions and their interactions has been challenging, particularly for the antenna arrays, which are difficult to manipulate in vitro. Here, we achieved systematic and discrete control over the array size for the principal antenna complex, light-harvesting complex II, using near-native in vitro membranes called nanodiscs. Each of the factors had a distinct influence on the level of dissipation, which was characterized by measurements of fluorescence quenching and ultrafast chlorophyll-to-carotenoid energy transfer. First, an increase in array size led to a corresponding increase in dissipation; the dramatic changes in the chlorophyll dynamics suggested that this is due to an allosteric conformational change of the protein. Second, a pH drop increased dissipation but exclusively in the presence of protein-protein interactions. Third, no Zea dependence was identified which suggested that Zea regulates a distinct aspect of NPQ. Collectively, these results indicate that each factor provides a separate type of control knob for photoprotection, which likely enables a flexible and tunable response to solar fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Son
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Raymundo Moya
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.,Accademia Nazionale di Lincei, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriela S Schlau-Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Johnson JE, Berry JA. The role of Cytochrome b 6f in the control of steady-state photosynthesis: a conceptual and quantitative model. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 148:101-136. [PMID: 33999328 PMCID: PMC8292351 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a conceptual and quantitative model to describe the role of the Cytochrome [Formula: see text] complex in controlling steady-state electron transport in [Formula: see text] leaves. The model is based on new experimental methods to diagnose the maximum activity of Cyt [Formula: see text] in vivo, and to identify conditions under which photosynthetic control of Cyt [Formula: see text] is active or relaxed. With these approaches, we demonstrate that Cyt [Formula: see text] controls the trade-off between the speed and efficiency of electron transport under limiting light, and functions as a metabolic switch that transfers control to carbon metabolism under saturating light. We also present evidence that the onset of photosynthetic control of Cyt [Formula: see text] occurs within milliseconds of exposure to saturating light, much more quickly than the induction of non-photochemical quenching. We propose that photosynthetic control is the primary means of photoprotection and functions to manage excitation pressure, whereas non-photochemical quenching functions to manage excitation balance. We use these findings to extend the Farquhar et al. (Planta 149:78-90, 1980) model of [Formula: see text] photosynthesis to include a mechanistic description of the electron transport system. This framework relates the light captured by PS I and PS II to the energy and mass fluxes linking the photoacts with Cyt [Formula: see text], the ATP synthase, and Rubisco. It enables quantitative interpretation of pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometry and gas-exchange measurements, providing a new basis for analyzing how the electron transport system coordinates the supply of Fd, NADPH, and ATP with the dynamic demands of carbon metabolism, how efficient use of light is achieved under limiting light, and how photoprotection is achieved under saturating light. The model is designed to support forward as well as inverse applications. It can either be used in a stand-alone mode at the leaf-level or coupled to other models that resolve finer-scale or coarser-scale phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Johnson
- Dept. Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - J A Berry
- Dept. Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
d'Auriac JCA, Iglói F. Statistics of percolating clusters in a model of photosynthetic bacteria. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:052103. [PMID: 34134283 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.052103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms the energy of the illuminating light is absorbed by the antenna complexes and transmitted by the excitons to the reaction centers (RCs). The energy of light is either absorbed by the RCs, leading to their "closing" or is emitted through fluorescence. The dynamics of the light absorption is described by a simple model developed for exciton migration that involves the exciton hopping probability and the exciton lifetime. During continuous illumination the fraction of closed RCs x continuously increases, and at a critical threshold x_{c}, a percolation transition takes place. Performing extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we study the properties of the transition in this correlated percolation model. We measure the spanning probability in the vicinity of x_{c}, as well as the fractal properties of the critical percolating cluster, both in the bulk and at the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferenc Iglói
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Szeged University, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Emerging research in plant photosynthesis. Emerg Top Life Sci 2020; 4:137-150. [PMID: 32573736 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthesis involves capturing light energy and, most often, converting it to chemical energy stored as reduced carbon. It is the source of food, fuel, and fiber and there is a resurgent interest in basic research on photosynthesis. Plants make excellent use of visible light energy; leaves are ideally suited to optimize light use by having a large area per amount of material invested and also having leaf angles to optimize light utilization. It is thought that plants do not use green light but in fact they use green light better than blue light under some conditions. Leaves also have mechanisms to protect against excess light and how these work in a stochastic light environment is currently a very active area of current research. The speed at which photosynthesis can begin when leaves are first exposed to light and the speed of induction of protective mechanisms, as well as the speed at which protective mechanisms dissipate when light levels decline, have recently been explored. Research is also focused on reducing wasteful processes such as photorespiration, when oxygen instead of carbon dioxide is used. Some success has been reported in altering the path of carbon in photorespiration but on closer inspection there appears to be unforeseen effects contributing to the good news. The stoichiometry of interaction of light reactions with carbon metabolism is rigid and the time constants vary tremendously presenting large challenges to regulatory mechanisms. Regulatory mechanisms will be the topic of photosynthesis research for some time to come.
Collapse
|
21
|
Maróti P, Kovács IA, Kis M, Smart JL, Iglói F. Correlated clusters of closed reaction centers during induction of intact cells of photosynthetic bacteria. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14012. [PMID: 32814810 PMCID: PMC7438532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antenna systems serve to absorb light and to transmit excitation energy to the reaction center (RC) in photosynthetic organisms. As the emitted (bacterio)chlorophyll fluorescence competes with the photochemical utilization of the excitation, the measured fluorescence yield is informed by the migration of the excitation in the antenna. In this work, the fluorescence yield concomitant with the oxidized dimer (P+) of the RC were measured during light excitation (induction) and relaxation (in the dark) for whole cells of photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides lacking cytochrome c2 as natural electron donor to P+ (mutant cycA). The relationship between the fluorescence yield and P+ (fraction of closed RC) showed deviations from the standard Joliot-Lavergne-Trissl model: (1) the hyperbola is not symmetric and (2) exhibits hysteresis. These phenomena originate from the difference between the delays of fluorescence relative to P+ kinetics during induction and relaxation, and in structural terms from the non-random distribution of the closed RCs during induction. The experimental findings are supported by Monte Carlo simulations and by results from statistical physics based on random walk approximations of the excitation in the antenna. The applied mathematical treatment demonstrates the generalization of the standard theory and sets the stage for a more adequate description of the long-debated kinetics of fluorescence and of the delicate control and balance between efficient light harvest and photoprotection in photosynthetic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Maróti
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Szeged University, Rerrich Béla tér 1., 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - István A Kovács
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208-3112, USA
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Mariann Kis
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Szeged University, Rerrich Béla tér 1., 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - James L Smart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee at Martin, Martin, TN, 38238, USA
| | - Ferenc Iglói
- Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, 1525, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Szeged University, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Macroorganisation and flexibility of thylakoid membranes. Biochem J 2019; 476:2981-3018. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The light reactions of photosynthesis are hosted and regulated by the chloroplast thylakoid membrane (TM) — the central structural component of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae. The two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrangement of the lipid–protein assemblies, aka macroorganisation, and its dynamic responses to the fluctuating physiological environment, aka flexibility, are the subject of this review. An emphasis is given on the information obtainable by spectroscopic approaches, especially circular dichroism (CD). We briefly summarise the current knowledge of the composition and three-dimensional architecture of the granal TMs in plants and the supramolecular organisation of Photosystem II and light-harvesting complex II therein. We next acquaint the non-specialist reader with the fundamentals of CD spectroscopy, recent advances such as anisotropic CD, and applications for studying the structure and macroorganisation of photosynthetic complexes and membranes. Special attention is given to the structural and functional flexibility of light-harvesting complex II in vitro as revealed by CD and fluorescence spectroscopy. We give an account of the dynamic changes in membrane macroorganisation associated with the light-adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and the regulation of the excitation energy flow by state transitions and non-photochemical quenching.
Collapse
|
23
|
Mohammed GH, Colombo R, Middleton EM, Rascher U, van der Tol C, Nedbal L, Goulas Y, Pérez-Priego O, Damm A, Meroni M, Joiner J, Cogliati S, Verhoef W, Malenovský Z, Gastellu-Etchegorry JP, Miller JR, Guanter L, Moreno J, Moya I, Berry JA, Frankenberg C, Zarco-Tejada PJ. Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) in vegetation: 50 years of progress. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2019; 231:111177. [PMID: 33414568 PMCID: PMC7787158 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a rapidly advancing front in terrestrial vegetation science, with emerging capability in space-based methodologies and diverse application prospects. Although remote sensing of SIF - especially from space - is seen as a contemporary new specialty for terrestrial plants, it is founded upon a multi-decadal history of research, applications, and sensor developments in active and passive sensing of chlorophyll fluorescence. Current technical capabilities allow SIF to be measured across a range of biological, spatial, and temporal scales. As an optical signal, SIF may be assessed remotely using highly-resolved spectral sensors and state-of-the-art algorithms to distinguish the emission from reflected and/or scattered ambient light. Because the red to far-red SIF emission is detectable non-invasively, it may be sampled repeatedly to acquire spatio-temporally explicit information about photosynthetic light responses and steady-state behaviour in vegetation. Progress in this field is accelerating with innovative sensor developments, retrieval methods, and modelling advances. This review distills the historical and current developments spanning the last several decades. It highlights SIF heritage and complementarity within the broader field of fluorescence science, the maturation of physiological and radiative transfer modelling, SIF signal retrieval strategies, techniques for field and airborne sensing, advances in satellite-based systems, and applications of these capabilities in evaluation of photosynthesis and stress effects. Progress, challenges, and future directions are considered for this unique avenue of remote sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Uwe Rascher
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christiaan van der Tol
- University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ladislav Nedbal
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yves Goulas
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Oscar Pérez-Priego
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Damm
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michele Meroni
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Joanna Joiner
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States
| | - Sergio Cogliati
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Wouter Verhoef
- University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zbyněk Malenovský
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, School of Technology, Environments and Design, College of Sciences and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | - John R. Miller
- Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luis Guanter
- German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ), Remote Sensing Section, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jose Moreno
- Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ismael Moya
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Joseph A. Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Christian Frankenberg
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States
| | - Pablo J. Zarco-Tejada
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
- Instituto de Agriculture Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Infrastructure Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Buck JM, Sherman J, Bártulos CR, Serif M, Halder M, Henkel J, Falciatore A, Lavaud J, Gorbunov MY, Kroth PG, Falkowski PG, Lepetit B. Lhcx proteins provide photoprotection via thermal dissipation of absorbed light in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4167. [PMID: 31519883 PMCID: PMC6744471 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms possess an impressive capacity for rapidly inducible thermal dissipation of excess absorbed energy (qE), provided by the xanthophyll diatoxanthin and Lhcx proteins. By knocking out the Lhcx1 and Lhcx2 genes individually in Phaeodactylum tricornutum strain 4 and complementing the knockout lines with different Lhcx proteins, multiple mutants with varying qE capacities are obtained, ranging from zero to high values. We demonstrate that qE is entirely dependent on the concerted action of diatoxanthin and Lhcx proteins, with Lhcx1, Lhcx2 and Lhcx3 having similar functions. Moreover, we establish a clear link between Lhcx1/2/3 mediated inducible thermal energy dissipation and a reduction in the functional absorption cross-section of photosystem II. This regulation of the functional absorption cross-section can be tuned by altered Lhcx protein expression in response to environmental conditions. Our results provide a holistic understanding of the rapidly inducible thermal energy dissipation process and its mechanistic implications in diatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen M Buck
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Sherman
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Carolina Río Bártulos
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Manuel Serif
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marc Halder
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan Henkel
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Johann Lavaud
- UMI 3376 Takuvik, CNRS/ULaval, Département de Biologie, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Université Laval, Québec (Québec), G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Maxim Y Gorbunov
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Peter G Kroth
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Paul G Falkowski
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Bernard Lepetit
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Park S, Steen CJ, Fischer AL, Fleming GR. Snapshot transient absorption spectroscopy: toward in vivo investigations of nonphotochemical quenching mechanisms. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:367-376. [PMID: 31020482 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00640-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the importance of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) on photosynthetic biomass production and crop yields is well established, the in vivo operation of the individual mechanisms contributing to overall NPQ is still a matter of controversy. In order to investigate the timescale and activation dynamics of specific quenching mechanisms, we have developed a technique called snapshot transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, which can monitor molecular species involved in the quenching response with a time resolution of 30 s. Using intact thylakoid membrane samples, we show how conventional TA kinetic and spectral analyses enable the determination of the appropriate wavelength and time delay for snapshot TA experiments. As an example, we show how the chlorophyll-carotenoid charge transfer and excitation energy transfer mechanisms can be monitored based on signals corresponding to the carotenoid (Car) radical cation and Car S1 excited state absorption, respectively. The use of snapshot TA spectroscopy together with the previously reported fluorescence lifetime snapshot technique (Sylak-Glassman et al. in Photosynth Res 127:69-76, 2016) provides valuable information such as the concurrent appearance of specific quenching species and overall quenching of excited Chl. Furthermore, we show that the snapshot TA technique can be successfully applied to completely intact photosynthetic organisms such as live cells of Nannochloropsis. This demonstrates that the snapshot TA technique is a valuable method for tracking the dynamics of intact samples that evolve over time, such as the photosynthetic system in response to high-light exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Collin J Steen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexandra L Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Intel Corporation, NE Century Blvd 2501, Hillsboro, OR, 97214, USA
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dijkstra AG, Beige A. Efficient long-distance energy transport in molecular systems through adiabatic passage. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:034114. [PMID: 31325938 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiencies of light-harvesting complexes in biological systems can be much higher than the current efficiencies of artificial solar cells. In this paper, we therefore propose and analyze an energy transport mechanism which employs adiabatic passages between the states of an artificially designed antenna molecular system to significantly enhance the conversion of incoming light into internal energy. It is shown that the proposed transport mechanism is relatively robust against spontaneous emission and dephasing, while also being able to take advantage of collective effects. Our aim is to provide new insight into the energy transport in molecular complexes and to improve the design of solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arend G Dijkstra
- The School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Almut Beige
- The School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kirchhoff H. Chloroplast ultrastructure in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:565-574. [PMID: 30721547 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast organelle in mesophyll cells of higher plants represents a sunlight-driven metabolic factory that eventually fuels life on our planet. Knowledge of the ultrastructure and the dynamics of this unique organelle is essential to understanding its function in an ever-changing and challenging environment. Recent technological developments promise unprecedented insights into chloroplast architecture and its functionality. The review highlights these new methodical approaches and provides structural models based on recent findings about the plasticity of the thylakoid membrane system in response to different light regimes. Furthermore, the potential role of the lipid droplets plastoglobuli is discussed. It is emphasized that detailed structural insights are necessary on different levels ranging from molecules to entire membrane systems for a holistic understanding of chloroplast function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bennett DIG, Amarnath K, Park S, Steen CJ, Morris JM, Fleming GR. Models and mechanisms of the rapidly reversible regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting. Open Biol 2019; 9:190043. [PMID: 30966997 PMCID: PMC6501642 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid response of photosynthetic organisms to fluctuations in ambient light intensity is incompletely understood at both the molecular and membrane levels. In this review, we describe research from our group over a 10-year period aimed at identifying the photophysical mechanisms used by plants, algae and mosses to control the efficiency of light harvesting by photosystem II on the seconds-to-minutes time scale. To complement the spectroscopic data, we describe three models capable of describing the measured response at a quantitative level. The review attempts to provide an integrated view that has emerged from our work, and briefly looks forward to future experimental and modelling efforts that will refine and expand our understanding of a process that significantly influences crop yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doran I. G. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kapil Amarnath
- Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soomin Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Collin J. Steen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chlorophyll-carotenoid excitation energy transfer and charge transfer in Nannochloropsis oceanica for the regulation of photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3385-3390. [PMID: 30808735 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819011116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is a proxy for photoprotective thermal dissipation processes that regulate photosynthetic light harvesting. The identification of NPQ mechanisms and their molecular or physiological triggering factors under in vivo conditions is a matter of controversy. Here, to investigate chlorophyll (Chl)-zeaxanthin (Zea) excitation energy transfer (EET) and charge transfer (CT) as possible NPQ mechanisms, we performed transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy on live cells of the microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica We obtained evidence for the operation of both EET and CT quenching by observing spectral features associated with the Zea S1 and Zea●+ excited-state absorption (ESA) signals, respectively, after Chl excitation. Knockout mutants for genes encoding either violaxanthin de-epoxidase or LHCX1 proteins exhibited strongly inhibited NPQ capabilities and lacked detectable Zea S1 and Zea●+ ESA signals in vivo, which strongly suggests that the accumulation of Zea and active LHCX1 is essential for both EET and CT quenching in N. oceanica.
Collapse
|