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Kato S, Carlson DW, Shen AQ, Guo Y. Twisted fiber microfluidics: a cutting-edge approach to 3D spiral devices. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:14. [PMID: 38259519 PMCID: PMC10800335 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of 3D spiral microfluidics has opened new avenues for leveraging inertial focusing to analyze small fluid volumes, thereby advancing research across chemical, physical, and biological disciplines. While traditional straight microchannels rely solely on inertial lift forces, the novel spiral geometry generates Dean drag forces, eliminating the necessity for external fields in fluid manipulation. Nevertheless, fabricating 3D spiral microfluidics remains a labor-intensive and costly endeavor, hindering its widespread adoption. Moreover, conventional lithographic methods primarily yield 2D planar devices, thereby limiting the selection of materials and geometrical configurations. To address these challenges, this work introduces a streamlined fabrication method for 3D spiral microfluidic devices, employing rotational force within a miniaturized thermal drawing process, termed as mini-rTDP. This innovation allows for rapid prototyping of twisted fiber-based microfluidics featuring versatility in material selection and heightened geometric intricacy. To validate the performance of these devices, we combined computational modeling with microtomographic particle image velocimetry (μTPIV) to comprehensively characterize the 3D flow dynamics. Our results corroborate the presence of a steady secondary flow, underscoring the effectiveness of our approach. Our 3D spiral microfluidics platform paves the way for exploring intricate microflow dynamics, with promising applications in areas such as drug delivery, diagnostics, and lab-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kato
- Department of Electrical, Information and Physics Engineering, School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Miyagi Japan
| | - Daniel W. Carlson
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Kunigami-gun, 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Kunigami-gun, 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-0845 Miyagi Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579 Miyagi Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Miyagi Japan
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2
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Xie M, Zhan Z, Zhang C, Xu W, Zhang C, Chen Y, Dong Z, Wang Z. Programmable Microfluidics Enabled by 3D Printed Bionic Janus Porous Matrics for Microfluidic Logic Chips. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300047. [PMID: 37127869 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous structures have been functionally optimized for directional liquid transport in nature. Inspired by lush trees' xylem that enable liquid directional transportation from rhizomes to the tip of trees, a new kind of programmable microfluidic porous matrices using projection micro-stereolithography (PµSL) based 3D printing technique is fabricated. Structural matrices with internal superhydrophilicity and external hydrophobicity are assembled for ultra-fast liquid rising enabled by capillary force. Moreover, the unidirectional microfluidic performance of the bionic porous matrices can be theoretically optimized by adjusting its geometric parameters. Most significantly, the successive programmable flow of liquid in a preferred direction inside the bionic porous matrices with tailored wettability is achieved, validating by a precisely printed liquid displayer and a microfluidic logic chip. The programmable and functional microfluidic matrices promise applications of patterned liquid flow, displayer, logic chip, cell screening, gas-liquid separation, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-Carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Zhan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-Carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-Carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Space Technology, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 100094, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interface Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Low-Carbon Technology and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Zhao M, Liu H, Zhang X, Wang H, Tao T, Qin J. A flexible microfluidic strategy to generate grooved microfibers for guiding cell alignment. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4880-4890. [PMID: 34152350 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel microfibers are widely applied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their tunable morphology, componential anisotropy, and good biocompatibility. Specifically, grooved microfibers with unique advantages can facilitate cell alignment for mimicking the microstructures of myobundles. Herein, a microfluidic spinning system is proposed for flexibly generating grooved microfibers relying on the volume change after ionic crosslinking of sodium alginate (NaA) with different concentrations. In the system, multiple parallel channels are integrated into a flow-focusing microchip and NaA with various concentrations is introduced into the respective channels for fabricating well-defined microfibers. The size and shape of the fibers are tuned by the viscosity and concentration of the NaA solution, as well as the flow rates of NaA and calcium chloride (CaCl2) in a controllable manner. Moreover, the grooved fibers with heterogeneous components can be generated via co-spinning gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and NaA to form interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). The microfibers with heterogeneous IPNs are successfully used as anisotropic scaffolds for the 3D culture of muscle cells (C2C12). The muscle cells grown on the microfibers exhibited good viability and ordered alignment, indicating the good biocompatibility and orientational function of the heterogeneous fibers. The proposed approach is flexible and controllable, holding potential in replicating various aligned microstructures in vivo, such as bundles of nerves and blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of SSAC, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of SSAC, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of SSAC, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of SSAC, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of SSAC, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of SSAC, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China and Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R. China and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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4
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Microfluidics in Biotechnology: Quo Vadis. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 179:355-380. [PMID: 33495924 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The emerging technique of microfluidics offers new approaches for precisely controlling fluidic conditions on a small scale, while simultaneously facilitating data collection in both high-throughput and quantitative manners. As such, the so-called lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems have the potential to revolutionize the field of biotechnology. But what needs to happen in order to truly integrate them into routine biotechnological applications? In this chapter, some of the most promising applications of microfluidic technology within the field of biotechnology are surveyed, and a few strategies for overcoming current challenges posed by microfluidic LOC systems are examined. In addition, we also discuss the intensifying trend (across all biotechnology fields) of using point-of-use applications which is being facilitated by new technological achievements.
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Berlanda SF, Breitfeld M, Dietsche CL, Dittrich PS. Recent Advances in Microfluidic Technology for Bioanalysis and Diagnostics. Anal Chem 2020; 93:311-331. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon F. Berlanda
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Breitfeld
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudius L. Dietsche
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Berkenbrock JA, Grecco-Machado R, Achenbach S. Microfluidic devices for the detection of viruses: aspects of emergency fabrication during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 476:20200398. [PMID: 33363440 PMCID: PMC7735301 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive testing of populations against COVID-19 has been suggested as a game-changer quest to control the spread of this contagious disease and to avoid further disruption in our social, healthcare and economical systems. Nonetheless, testing millions of people for a new virus brings about quite a few challenges. The development of effective tests for the new coronavirus has become a worldwide task that relies on recent discoveries and lessons learned from past outbreaks. In this work, we review the most recent publications on microfluidics devices for the detection of viruses. The topics of discussion include different detection approaches, methods of signalling and fabrication techniques. Besides the miniaturization of traditional benchtop detection assays, approaches such as electrochemical analyses, field-effect transistors and resistive pulse sensors are considered. For emergency fabrication of quick test kits, the local capabilities must be evaluated, and the joint work of universities, industries, and governments seems to be an unequivocal necessity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alvim Berkenbrock
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Rafaela Grecco-Machado
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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7
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Lee S, Roh SM, Lee E, Park Y, Lee BC, Kwon Y, Kim HJ, Kim J. Applications of Converged Various Forces for Detection of Biomolecules and Novelty of Dielectrophoretic Force in the Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3242. [PMID: 32517305 PMCID: PMC7309140 DOI: 10.3390/s20113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since separation of target biomolecules is a crucial step for highly sensitive and selective detection of biomolecules, hence, various technologies have been applied to separate biomolecules, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), protein, exosome, virus, etc. Among the various technologies, dielectrophoresis (DEP) has the significant advantage that the force can provide two different types of forces, attractive and repulsive DEP force, through simple adjustment in frequency or structure of microfluidic chips. Therefore, in this review, we focused on separation technologies based on DEP force and classified various separation technologies. First, the importance of biomolecules, general separation methods and various forces including DEP, electrophoresis (EP), electrothermal flow (ETF), electroosmosis (EO), magnetophoresis, acoustophoresis (ACP), hydrodynamic, etc., was described. Then, separating technologies applying only a single DEP force and dual force, moreover, applying other forces simultaneously with DEP force were categorized. In addition, advanced technologies applying more than two different kinds of forces, namely complex force, were introduced. Overall, we critically reviewed the state-of-the-art of converged various forces for detection of biomolecules with novelty of DEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.L.); (S.M.R.); (E.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Seong Min Roh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.L.); (S.M.R.); (E.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Eunji Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.L.); (S.M.R.); (E.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yejin Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.L.); (S.M.R.); (E.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Youngeun Kwon
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.L.); (S.M.R.); (E.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jinsik Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea; (S.L.); (S.M.R.); (E.L.); (Y.P.); (Y.K.)
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8
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Bach JS, Bruus H. Suppression of Acoustic Streaming in Shape-Optimized Channels. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:214501. [PMID: 32530665 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.214501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic streaming is an ubiquitous phenomenon resulting from time-averaged nonlinear dynamics in oscillating fluids. In this theoretical study, we show that acoustic streaming can be suppressed by two orders of magnitude in major regions of a fluid by optimizing the shape of its confining walls. Remarkably, the acoustic pressure is not suppressed in this shape-optimized cavity, and neither is the acoustic radiation force on suspended particles. This basic insight may lead to applications, such as acoustophoretic handling of nm-sized particles, which is otherwise impaired by the streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Bach
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bruus
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Bach JS, Bruus H. Theory of acoustic trapping of microparticles in capillary tubes. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:023107. [PMID: 32168631 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.023107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a semianalytical theory for the acoustic fields and particle-trapping forces in a viscous fluid inside a capillary tube with arbitrary cross section and ultrasound actuation at the walls. We find that the acoustic fields vary axially on a length scale proportional to the square root of the quality factor of the two-dimensional (2D) cross-section resonance mode. This axial variation is determined analytically based on the numerical solution to the eigenvalue problem in the 2D cross section. The analysis is developed in two steps: First, we generalize a recently published expression for the 2D standing-wave resonance modes in a rectangular cross section to arbitrary shapes, including the viscous boundary layer. Second, based on these 2D modes, we derive analytical expressions in three dimensions for the acoustic pressure, the acoustic radiation and trapping force, as well as the acoustic energy flux density. We validate the theory by comparison to three-dimensional numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Bach
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, and DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bruus
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, and DTU Physics Building 309, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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10
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Kim JA, Kommajosula A, Choi YH, Lee JR, Jeon EC, Ganapathysubramanian B, Lee W. Inertial focusing in triangular microchannels with various apex angles. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:024105. [PMID: 32231759 PMCID: PMC7093208 DOI: 10.1063/1.5133640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We consider inertial focusing of particles in channels with triangular cross sections. The number and the location of inertial focusing positions in isosceles triangular channels can change with varying blockage ratios (a/H) and Reynolds numbers (Re). In triangular channels, asymmetric velocity gradient induced by the sloped sidewalls leads to changes in the direction and the strength of the inertial lift forces. Therefore, varying the configuration (specifically, angle) of the triangular cross section is expected to lead to a better understanding of the nature of the inertial lift forces. We fabricated triangular microchannels with various apex angles using channel molds that were shaped by a planing process, which provides precise apex angles and sharp corners. The focusing position shift was found to be affected by the channel cross section, as expected. It was determined that the direction of the focusing position shift can be reversed depending on whether the vertex is acute or obtuse. More interestingly, corner focusing modes and splitting of the corner focusing were observed with increasing Re, which could explain the origin of the inertial focusing position changes in triangular channels. We conducted fluid dynamic simulations to create force maps under various conditions. These force maps were analyzed to identify the basins of attraction of various attractors and pinpoint focusing locations using linear stability analysis. Calculating the relative sizes of the basins of attractions and exhaustively identifying the focusing positions, which are very difficult to investigate experimentally, provided us a better understanding of trends in the focusing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-ah Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Aditya Kommajosula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Yo-han Choi
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Je-Ryung Lee
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Eun-chae Jeon
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, South Korea
| | | | - Wonhee Lee
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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11
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Weng W, Yang J, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yang S, Zhu L, Zhu M. A Route Toward Smart System Integration: From Fiber Design to Device Construction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902301. [PMID: 31328845 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fiber is a symbol of human civilization, being ubiquitous but obscure in society over most of history. Fiber has been revived upon the advent of fiber-based electronic devices in the past two decades. This is due to its desirable lightweight, flexible, and conformable characteristics, which enable it to play a fundamental role in the electronic and information era. Numerous fiber-based electronic devices have sprung up in energy conversion, energy storage, sensing, actuation, etc. A possibility is thereby conceived that they can be integrated into smart systems compatible with the human body, consisting of biotic fiber-based organs and tissues, which possess similar but more advanced functions. However, the design of mono-/multifibers, the construction of fiber-based devices, and the integration of these smart systems represent great challenges in fundamental understanding and practical implementation. A systematic review of the current state of the art with respect to the design and fabrication of electronic fiber materials, construction of fiber-based devices, and integration of smart systems is presented. In addition, limitations of current fiber-based devices and perspectives are explored toward potential and promising smart integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shengyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Liping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Loke G, Yan W, Khudiyev T, Noel G, Fink Y. Recent Progress and Perspectives of Thermally Drawn Multimaterial Fiber Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904911. [PMID: 31657053 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibers are the building blocks of a broad spectrum of products from textiles to composites, and waveguides to wound dressings. While ubiquitous, the capabilities of fibers have not rapidly increased compared to semiconductor chip technology, for example. Recognizing that fibers lack the composition, geometry, and feature sizes for more functions, exploration of the boundaries of fiber functionality began some years ago. The approach focuses on a particular form of fiber production, thermal-drawing from a preform. This process has been used for producing single material fibers, but by combining metals, insulators, and semiconductors all within a single strand of fiber, an entire world of functionality in fibers has emerged. Fibers with optical, electrical, acoustic, or optoelectronic functionalities can be produced at scale from relatively easy-to-assemble macroscopic preforms. Two significant opportunities now present themselves. First, can one expect that fiber functions escalate in a predictable manner, creating the context for a "Moore's Law" analog in fibers? Second, as fabrics occupy an enormous surface around the body, could fabrics offer a valuable service to augment the human body? Toward answering these questions, the materials, performance, and limitations of thermally drawn fibers in different electronic applications are detailed and their potential in new fields is envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Loke
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute of Soldier Nanotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tural Khudiyev
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Grace Noel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yoel Fink
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute of Soldier Nanotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Advanced Functional Fabrics of America (AFFOA), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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13
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Faccini de Lima C, van der Elst LA, Koraganji VN, Zheng M, Gokce Kurtoglu M, Gumennik A. Towards Digital Manufacturing of Smart Multimaterial Fibers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:209. [PMID: 31214792 PMCID: PMC6582135 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fibers are ubiquitous and usually passive. Optoelectronics realized in a fiber could revolutionize multiple application areas, including biosynthetic and wearable electronics, environmental sensing, and energy harvesting. However, the realization of high-performance electronics in a fiber remains a demanding challenge due to the elusiveness of a material processing strategy that would allow the wrapping of devices made in crystalline semiconductors, such as silicon, into a fiber in an ordered, addressable, and scalable manner. Current fiber-sensor fabrication approaches either are non-scalable or limit the choice of semiconductors to the amorphous ones, such as chalcogenide glasses, inferior to silicon in their electronic performance, resulting in limited bandwidth and sensitivity of such sensors when compared to a standard silicon photodiode. Our group substantiates a universal in-fiber manufacturing of logic circuits and sensory systems analogous to very large-scale integration (VLSI), which enabled the emergence of the modern microprocessor. We develop a versatile hybrid-fabrication methodology that assembles in-fiber material architectures typical to integrated microelectronic devices and systems in silica, silicon, and high-temperature metals. This methodology, dubbed "VLSI for Fibers," or "VLSI-Fi," combines 3D printing of preforms, a thermal draw of fibers, and post-draw assembly of fiber-embedded integrated devices by means of material-selective spatially coherent capillary breakup of the fiber cores. We believe that this method will deliver a new class of durable, low cost, pervasive fiber devices, and sensors, enabling integration of fabrics met with human-made objects, such as furniture and apparel, into the Internet of Things (IoT). Furthermore, it will boost innovation in 3D printing, extending the digital manufacturing approach into the nanoelectronics realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Faccini de Lima
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 North Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47408, USA
- Fibers and Additive Manufacturing Enabled Systems Laboratory, 2425 North Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Louis A van der Elst
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 North Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47408, USA
- Fibers and Additive Manufacturing Enabled Systems Laboratory, 2425 North Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Veda Narayana Koraganji
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 North Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47408, USA
- Fibers and Additive Manufacturing Enabled Systems Laboratory, 2425 North Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Mengxin Zheng
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 North Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47408, USA
- Fibers and Additive Manufacturing Enabled Systems Laboratory, 2425 North Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Merve Gokce Kurtoglu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 North Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47408, USA
- Fibers and Additive Manufacturing Enabled Systems Laboratory, 2425 North Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA
| | - Alexander Gumennik
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 North Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana, 47408, USA.
- Fibers and Additive Manufacturing Enabled Systems Laboratory, 2425 North Milo B. Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA.
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Multifunctional Smart Optical Fibers: Materials, Fabrication, and Sensing Applications. PHOTONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the development of optical fibers made of multiple materials, particularly including silica glass, soft glass, polymers, hydrogels, biomaterials, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and Polyperfluoro-Butenylvinyleth (CYTOP). The properties of the materials are discussed according to their various applications. Typical fabrication techniques for specialty optical fibers based on these materials are introduced, which are mainly focused on extrusion, drilling, and stacking methods depending on the materials’ thermal properties. Microstructures render multiple functions of optical fibers and bring more flexibility in fiber design and device fabrication. In particular, micro-structured optical fibers made from different types of materials are reviewed. The sensing capability of optical fibers enables smart monitoring. Widely used techniques to develop fiber sensors, i.e., fiber Bragg grating and interferometry, are discussed in terms of sensing principles and fabrication methods. Lastly, sensing applications in oil/gas, optofluidics, and particularly healthcare monitoring using specialty optical fibers are demonstrated. In comparison with conventional silica-glass single-mode fiber, state-of-the-art specialty optical fibers provide promising prospects in sensing applications due to flexible choices in materials and microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stoecklein
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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