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Papale AE, Harish M, Paletzki RF, O'Connor NJ, Eastwood BS, Seal RP, Williamson RS, Gerfen CR, Hooks BM. Symmetry in Frontal But Not Motor and Somatosensory Cortical Projections. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1195232024. [PMID: 38937102 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1195-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The neocortex and striatum are topographically organized for sensory and motor functions. While sensory and motor areas are lateralized for touch and motor control, respectively, frontal areas are involved in decision-making, where lateralization of function may be less important. This study contrasted the topographic precision of cell-type-specific ipsilateral and contralateral cortical projections while varying the injection site location in transgenic mice of both sexes. While sensory cortical areas had strongly topographic outputs to the ipsilateral cortex and striatum, they were weaker and not as topographically precise to contralateral targets. The motor cortex had somewhat stronger projections but still relatively weak contralateral topography. In contrast, frontal cortical areas had high degrees of topographic similarity for both ipsilateral and contralateral projections to the cortex and striatum. Corticothalamic organization is mainly ipsilateral, with weaker, more medial contralateral projections. Corticostriatal computations might integrate input outside closed basal ganglia loops using contralateral projections, enabling the two hemispheres to act as a unit to converge on one result in motor planning and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Papale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Madhumita Harish
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ronald F Paletzki
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | | | - Rebecca P Seal
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Ross S Williamson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
| | - Charles R Gerfen
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Bryan M Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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Lo YL, Hwang R, Teng PPC, Tan YE. Corpus Callosum-Mediated Interhemispheric Interactions in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. J Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 41:473-477. [PMID: 38922289 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The corpus callosum is crucial for interhemispheric interactions in the motor control of limb functions. Human and animal studies suggested spinal cord pathologies may induce cortical reorganization in sensorimotor areas. We investigate participation of the corpus callosum in executions of a simple motor task in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) using transcranial magnetic stimulation. METHODS Twenty patients with CSM with various MRI grades of severity of cord compression were compared with 19 normal controls. Ipsilateral silent period, contralateral silent period, central motor conduction time, and transcallosal conduction time (TCT) were determined. RESULTS In both upper and lower limbs, TCTs were significantly increased for patients with CSM than normal controls ( p < 0.001 for all), without side-to-side differences. Ipsilateral silent period and contralateral silent period durations were significantly increased bilaterally for upper limbs in comparison to controls ( p < 0.01 for all), without side-to-side differences. There were no significant correlations of TCT with central motor conduction time nor severity of CSM for both upper and lower limbs ( p > 0.05 for all) bilaterally. CONCLUSIONS Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation studies show increased motor cortex excitability in CSM; hence, increased TCTs observed bilaterally may be a compensatory mechanism for effective unidirectional and uniplanar execution of muscle activation in the distal limb muscles. Lack of correlation of TCTs with severity of CSM or central motor conduction time may be in keeping with a preexistent role of the corpus callosum as a predominantly inhibitory pathway for counteracting redundant movements resulting from increased motor cortex excitability occurring after spinal cord lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Long Lo
- National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; and
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruby Hwang
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yam Eng Tan
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Papale AE, Harish M, Paletzki RF, O’Connor NJ, Eastwood BS, Seal RP, Williamson RS, Gerfen CR, Hooks BM. Symmetry in frontal but not motor and somatosensory cortical projections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.02.543431. [PMID: 37398221 PMCID: PMC10312571 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Neocortex and striatum are topographically organized for sensory and motor functions. While sensory and motor areas are lateralized for touch and motor control, respectively, frontal areas are involved in decision making, where lateralization of function may be less important. This study contrasted the topographic precision of cell type-specific ipsilateral and contralateral cortical projections while varying the injection site location in transgenic mice of both sexes. While sensory cortical areas had strongly topographic outputs to ipsilateral cortex and striatum, they were weaker and not as topographically precise to contralateral targets. Motor cortex had somewhat stronger projections, but still relatively weak contralateral topography. In contrast, frontal cortical areas had high degrees of topographic similarity for both ipsilateral and contralateral projections to cortex and striatum. Corticothalamic organization is mainly ipsilateral, with weaker, more medial contralateral projections. Corticostriatal computations might integrate input outside closed basal ganglia loops using contralateral projections, enabling the two hemispheres to act as a unit to converge on one result in motor planning and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Papale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Madhumita Harish
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca P. Seal
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ross S. Williamson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Bryan M. Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
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Stevens NA, Lankisch K, Draguhn A, Engelhardt M, Both M, Thome C. Increased Interhemispheric Connectivity of a Distinct Type of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0440232023. [PMID: 38123997 PMCID: PMC10869156 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0440-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons typically generate action potentials at their axon initial segment based on the integration of synaptic inputs. In many neurons, the axon extends from the soma, equally weighting dendritic inputs. A notable exception is found in a subset of hippocampal pyramidal cells where the axon emerges from a basal dendrite. This structure allows these axon-carrying dendrites (AcDs) a privileged input route. We found that in male mice, such cells in the CA1 region receive stronger excitatory input from the contralateral CA3, compared with those with somatic axon origins. This is supported by a higher count of putative synapses from contralateral CA3 on the AcD. These findings, combined with prior observations of their distinct role in sharp-wave ripple firing, suggest a key role of this neuron subset in coordinating bi-hemispheric hippocampal activity during memory-centric oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Andreas Stevens
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Lankisch
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maren Engelhardt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Martin Both
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Thome
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4020 Linz, Austria
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Sparling T, Iyer L, Pasquina P, Petrus E. Cortical Reorganization after Limb Loss: Bridging the Gap between Basic Science and Clinical Recovery. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1051232024. [PMID: 38171645 PMCID: PMC10851691 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1051-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing incidence and prevalence of amputation across the globe, individuals with acquired limb loss continue to struggle with functional recovery and chronic pain. A more complete understanding of the motor and sensory remodeling of the peripheral and central nervous system that occurs postamputation may help advance clinical interventions to improve the quality of life for individuals with acquired limb loss. The purpose of this article is to first provide background clinical context on individuals with acquired limb loss and then to provide a comprehensive review of the known motor and sensory neural adaptations from both animal models and human clinical trials. Finally, the article bridges the gap between basic science researchers and clinicians that treat individuals with limb loss by explaining how current clinical treatments may restore function and modulate phantom limb pain using the underlying neural adaptations described above. This review should encourage the further development of novel treatments with known neurological targets to improve the recovery of individuals postamputation.Significance Statement In the United States, 1.6 million people live with limb loss; this number is expected to more than double by 2050. Improved surgical procedures enhance recovery, and new prosthetics and neural interfaces can replace missing limbs with those that communicate bidirectionally with the brain. These advances have been fairly successful, but still most patients experience persistent problems like phantom limb pain, and others discontinue prostheses instead of learning to use them daily. These problematic patient outcomes may be due in part to the lack of consensus among basic and clinical researchers regarding the plasticity mechanisms that occur in the brain after amputation injuries. Here we review results from clinical and animal model studies to bridge this clinical-basic science gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawnee Sparling
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Laxmi Iyer
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20817
| | - Paul Pasquina
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Emily Petrus
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
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Musumeci G, D'Alonzo M, Ranieri F, Falato E, Capone F, Motolese F, Di Pino G, Di Lazzaro V, Pilato F. Intracortical and interhemispheric excitability changes in arm amputees: A TMS study. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 156:98-105. [PMID: 37918223 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate cortical circuits and excitability of the motor cortex in the hemisphere contralateral to the affected (AH) and to the unaffected arm (UH), in upper limb amputees. METHODS Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded in 17 subjects who had upper limb amputation: 11 trans-radial (TR) and 6 trans-humeral (TH). Motor thresholds (MT), short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) in the available arm muscles of the stump were evaluated. RESULTS There was no significant difference in MT between hemispheres. SICI was preserved in TR but not in TH group. Additionally, in the TR group, the MEP amplitudes in AH were higher than in UH. A significant IHI was observed in the whole sample but not in each hemisphere or patient group. CONCLUSIONS In our population of TR amputees, we found increased corticospinal excitability in the AH with preserved intracortical inhibition. This finding was not observed in the TH population. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the changes in intracortical excitability in amputees may enhance knowledge of the functional reorganization of the brain in the post-amputation phase, bringing useful information for prosthetic rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Musumeci
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo, 5, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Marco D'Alonzo
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo, 5, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Federico Ranieri
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Emma Falato
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Fioravante Capone
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Motolese
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, via Alvaro del Portillo, 5, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Pilato
- Research Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Roma, Italy.
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Liu W, He X, Lin H, Yang M, Dai Y, Chen L, Li C, Liang S, Tao J, Chen L. Ischemic stroke rehabilitation through optogenetic modulation of parvalbumin neurons in the contralateral motor cortex. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114289. [PMID: 36471512 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the theory of interhemispheric inhibition and the bimodal balance-recovery model in stroke, we explored the effects of excitation/inhibition (E/I) of parvalbumin (PV) neurons in the contralateral primary motor cortex (cM1) connecting the ipsilateral M1 (iM1) via the corpus callosum (cM1-CC-iM1) of ischemic stroke rats by optogenetic stimulation. METHODS We tested this by injecting anterograde and retrograde virus in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and evaluated the neurological scores, motor behavior, volume of cerebral infarction and the E/I balance of the bilateral M1 two weeks after employing optogenetic treatment. RESULTS We found that concentrations of Glu and GABA decreased and increased, respectively, in the iM1 of MCAO rats, and that the former increased in the cM1, suggesting E/I imbalance in bilateral M1 after ischemic stroke. Interestingly, optogenetic stimulation improved M1 E/I imbalance, as illustrated by the increase of Glu in the iM1 and the decrease of GABA in both iM1 and cM1, which were accompanied by an improvement in neurological deficit and motor dysfunction. In addition, we observed a reduced infarct volume, an increase in the expression of the NMDAR and AMPAR, and a decrease in GAD67 in the iM1 after intervention. CONCLUSIONS Optogenetic modulation of PV neurons of the iM1-CC-cM1 improve E/I balance, leading to reduced neurological deficit and improved motor dysfunction following ischemic stroke in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Liu
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Xiaojun He
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Huawei Lin
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yaling Dai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lewen Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Chaohui Li
- General surgery, Anxi General Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Quanzhou, Fujian 362400, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jing Tao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- Rehabilitation Industry institute, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
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Pan L, Xu D, Wang W, Rong J, Xu J, Ferland A, Adams R, Han J, Zhu Y. Assessing bilateral ankle proprioceptive acuity in stroke survivors: An exploratory study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:929310. [PMID: 36034305 PMCID: PMC9410727 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.929310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bilateral proprioception deficits were reported in stroke survivors. However, whether bilateral proprioception deficits exist in the ankle joint after stroke was unclear. Ankle proprioception is a significant predictor of balance dysfunction after stroke, and previous studies to date are lacking appropriate evaluation methods. Objectives We want to determine whether the active movement extent discrimination apparatus (AMEDA) is a reliable tool for assessing ankle proprioceptive acuity in stroke survivors and the presence of deficits in ankle proprioception on the affected and unaffected sides in patients after stroke. Methods Bilateral ankle proprioception was assessed in 20 stroke patients and 20 age-matched healthy controls using AMEDA. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The ICC in the affected and unaffected sides was 0.713 and 0.74, respectively. Analysis of variance revealed significant deficits in ankle proprioception in subacute stroke survivors vs. healthy controls (F = 2.719, p = 0.045). However, there were no significant differences in proprioception acuity scores between the affected and unaffected sides in patients after stroke (F = 1.14, p = 0.331). Conclusions Stroke survivors had bilateral deficits in ankle proprioceptive acuity during active movements compared with age-matched healthy controls, underscoring the need to evaluate these deficits on both sides of the body and develop effective sensorimotor rehabilitation methods for this patient population. The AMEDA can reliably determine bilateral ankle proprioceptive acuity in stroke survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weining Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifeng Rong
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyao Xu
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Ferland
- USC Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, Orthopedic Physical Therapy Residency, and Spine Rehabilitation Fellowship, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Roger Adams
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, NSW, Australia
| | - Jia Han
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, NSW, Australia
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jia Han
| | - Yulian Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yulian Zhu
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Bice AR, Xiao Q, Kong J, Yan P, Rosenthal ZP, Kraft AW, Smith KP, Wieloch T, Lee JM, Culver JP, Bauer AQ. Homotopic contralesional excitation suppresses spontaneous circuit repair and global network reconnections following ischemic stroke. eLife 2022; 11:e68852. [PMID: 35723585 PMCID: PMC9333991 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding circuit-level manipulations that affect the brain's capacity for plasticity will inform the design of targeted interventions that enhance recovery after stroke. Following stroke, increased contralesional activity (e.g. use of the unaffected limb) can negatively influence recovery, but it is unknown which specific neural connections exert this influence, and to what extent increased contralesional activity affects systems- and molecular-level biomarkers of recovery. Here, we combine optogenetic photostimulation with optical intrinsic signal imaging to examine how contralesional excitatory activity affects cortical remodeling after stroke in mice. Following photothrombosis of left primary somatosensory forepaw (S1FP) cortex, mice either recovered spontaneously or received chronic optogenetic excitation of right S1FP over the course of 4 weeks. Contralesional excitation suppressed perilesional S1FP remapping and was associated with abnormal patterns of stimulus-evoked activity in the unaffected limb. This maneuver also prevented the restoration of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within the S1FP network, RSFC in several networks functionally distinct from somatomotor regions, and resulted in persistent limb-use asymmetry. In stimulated mice, perilesional tissue exhibited transcriptional changes in several genes relevant for recovery. Our results suggest that contralesional excitation impedes local and global circuit reconnection through suppression of cortical activity and several neuroplasticity-related genes after stroke, and highlight the importance of site selection for targeted therapeutic interventions after focal ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie R Bice
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Qingli Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Justin Kong
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | | | - Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Karen P Smith
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | | | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisUnited States
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Krishnan V, Wade-Kleyn LC, Israeli RR, Pelled G. Peripheral Nerve Injury Induces Changes in the Activity of Inhibitory Interneurons as Visualized in Transgenic GAD1-GCaMP6s Rats. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060383. [PMID: 35735531 PMCID: PMC9221547 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury induces cortical remapping that can lead to sensory complications. There is evidence that inhibitory interneurons play a role in this process, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Glutamate decarboxylase-1 (GAD1) is a protein expressed exclusively in inhibitory interneurons. Transgenic rats encoding GAD1–GCaMP were generated to visualize the activity in GAD1 neurons through genetically encoded calcium indicators (GCaMP6s) in the somatosensory cortex. Forepaw denervation was performed in adult rats, and fluorescent Ca2+ imaging on cortical slices was obtained. Local, intrahemispheric stimulation (cortical layers 2/3 and 5) induced a significantly higher fluorescence change of GAD1-expressing neurons, and a significantly higher number of neurons were responsive to stimulation in the denervated rats compared to control rats. However, remote, interhemispheric stimulation of the corpus callosum induced a significantly lower fluorescence change of GAD1-expressing neurons, and significantly fewer neurons were deemed responsive to stimulation within layer 5 in denervated rats compared to control rats. These results suggest that injury impacts interhemispheric communication, leading to an overall decrease in the activity of inhibitory interneurons in layer 5. Overall, our results provide direct evidence that inhibitory interneuron activity in the deprived S1 is altered after injury, a phenomenon likely to affect sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Krishnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | | | - Ron R. Israeli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Galit Pelled
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(517)-884-7464
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11
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Characterization of brain-wide somatosensory BOLD fMRI in mice under dexmedetomidine/isoflurane and ketamine/xylazine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13110. [PMID: 34162952 PMCID: PMC8222234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse fMRI under anesthesia has become increasingly popular due to improvement in obtaining brain-wide BOLD response. Medetomidine with isoflurane has become well-accepted for resting-state fMRI, but whether this combination allows for stable, expected, and robust brain-wide evoked response in mice has yet to be validated. We thus utilized intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous infusion of ketamine/xylazine to elucidate whether stable mouse physiology and BOLD response are obtainable in response to simultaneous forepaw and whisker-pad stimulation throughout 8 h. We found both anesthetics result in hypercapnia with depressed heart rate and respiration due to self-breathing, but these values were stable throughout 8 h. Regardless of the mouse condition, brain-wide, robust, and stable BOLD response throughout the somatosensory axis was observed with differences in sensitivity and dynamics. Dexmedetomidine/isoflurane resulted in fast, boxcar-like, BOLD response with consistent hemodynamic shapes throughout the brain. Ketamine/xylazine response showed higher sensitivity, prolonged BOLD response, and evidence for cortical disinhibition as significant bilateral cortical response was observed. In addition, differing hemodynamic shapes were observed between cortical and subcortical areas. Overall, we found both anesthetics are applicable for evoked mouse fMRI studies.
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Viruega H, Gaviria M. Functional Weight of Somatic and Cognitive Networks and Asymmetry of Compensatory Mechanisms: Collaboration or Divergency among Hemispheres after Cerebrovascular Accident? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060495. [PMID: 34071611 PMCID: PMC8226640 DOI: 10.3390/life11060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain holds highly sophisticated compensatory mechanisms relying on neuroplasticity. Neuronal degeneracy, redundancy, and brain network organization make the human nervous system more robust and evolvable to continuously guarantee an optimal environmental-related homeostasis. Nevertheless, after injury, restitution processes appear dissimilar, depending on the pathology. Following a cerebrovascular accident, asymmetry, within- and across-network compensation and interhemispheric inhibition are key features to functional recovery. In moderate-to-severe stroke, neurological outcome is often poor, and little is known about the paths that enable either an efficient collaboration among hemispheres or, on the contrary, an antagonism of adaptative responses. In this review, we aim to decipher key issues of ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheric functioning allowing the foundations of effective neurorehabilitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Viruega
- Institut Equiphoria, Combo Besso-Rouges Parets, 48500 La Canourgue, France;
- Alliance Equiphoria, 4, Résidence Le Sabot, 48500 La Canourgue, France
| | - Manuel Gaviria
- Alliance Equiphoria, 4, Résidence Le Sabot, 48500 La Canourgue, France
- Correspondence:
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13
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Li C, Liu SY, Pi W, Zhang PX. Cortical plasticity and nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1518-1523. [PMID: 33433465 PMCID: PMC8323687 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.303008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of neuroscience, substantial advances have been achieved in peripheral nerve regeneration over the past decades. However, peripheral nerve injury remains a critical public health problem because of the subsequent impairment or absence of sensorimotor function. Uncomfortable complications of peripheral nerve injury, such as chronic pain, can also cause problems for families and society. A number of studies have demonstrated that the proper functioning of the nervous system depends not only on a complete connection from the central nervous system to the surrounding targets at an anatomical level, but also on the continuous bilateral communication between the two. After peripheral nerve injury, the interruption of afferent and efferent signals can cause complex pathophysiological changes, including neurochemical alterations, modifications in the adaptability of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and the reorganization of somatosensory and motor regions. This review discusses the close relationship between the cerebral cortex and peripheral nerves. We also focus on common therapies for peripheral nerve injury and summarize their potential mechanisms in relation to cortical plasticity. It has been suggested that cortical plasticity may be important for improving functional recovery after peripheral nerve damage. Further understanding of the potential common mechanisms between cortical reorganization and nerve injury will help to elucidate the pathophysiological processes of nerve injury, and may allow for the reduction of adverse consequences during peripheral nerve injury recovery. We also review the role that regulating reorganization mechanisms plays in functional recovery, and conclude with a suggestion to target cortical plasticity along with therapeutic interventions to promote peripheral nerve injury recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Pi
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital; Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University; National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing, China
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14
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Petrus E, Dembling S, Usdin T, Isaac JTR, Koretsky AP. Circuit-Specific Plasticity of Callosal Inputs Underlies Cortical Takeover. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7714-7723. [PMID: 32913109 PMCID: PMC7531555 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1056-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury induces synaptic, circuit, and systems reorganization. After unilateral amputation or stroke, this functional loss disrupts the interhemispheric interaction between intact and deprived somatomotor cortices to recruit deprived cortex in response to intact limb stimulation. This recruitment has been implicated in enhanced intact sensory function. In other patients, maladaptive consequences such as phantom limb pain can occur. We used unilateral whisker denervation in male and female mice to detect circuitry alterations underlying interhemispheric cortical reorganization. Enhanced synaptic strength from the intact cortex via the corpus callosum (CC) onto deep neurons in deprived primary somatosensory barrel cortex (S1BC) has previously been detected. It was hypothesized that specificity in this plasticity may depend on to which area these neurons projected. Increased connectivity to somatomotor areas such as contralateral S1BC, primary motor cortex (M1) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) may underlie beneficial adaptations, while increased connectivity to pain areas like anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) might underlie maladaptive pain phenotypes. Neurons from the deprived S1BC that project to intact S1BC were hyperexcitable, had stronger responses and reduced inhibitory input to CC stimulation. M1-projecting neurons also showed increases in excitability and CC input strength that was offset with enhanced inhibition. S2 and ACC-projecting neurons showed no changes in excitability or CC input. These results demonstrate that subgroups of output neurons undergo dramatic and specific plasticity after peripheral injury. The changes in S1BC-projecting neurons likely underlie enhanced reciprocal connectivity of S1BC after unilateral deprivation consistent with the model that interhemispheric takeover supports intact whisker processing.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Amputation, peripheral injury, and stroke patients experience widespread alterations in neural activity after sensory loss. A hallmark of this reorganization is the recruitment of deprived cortical space which likely aids processing and thus enhances performance on intact sensory systems. Conversely, this recruitment of deprived cortical space has been hypothesized to underlie phenotypes like phantom limb pain and hinder recovery. A mouse model of unilateral denervation detected remarkable specificity in alterations in the somatomotor circuit. These changes underlie increased reciprocal connectivity between intact and deprived cortical hemispheres. This increased connectivity may help explain the enhanced intact sensory processing detected in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Petrus
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sarah Dembling
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ted Usdin
- Systems Neuroscience Imaging Resource, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - John T R Isaac
- Janssen Neuroscience, J&J Innovations, London W1G 0BG, United Kingdom
| | - Alan P Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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15
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Chen Y, Sobczak F, Pais-Roldán P, Schwarz C, Koretsky AP, Yu X. Mapping the Brain-Wide Network Effects by Optogenetic Activation of the Corpus Callosum. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5885-5898. [PMID: 32556241 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetically driven manipulation of circuit-specific activity enables causality studies, but its global brain-wide effect is rarely reported. Here, we applied simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and calcium recording with optogenetic activation of the corpus callosum (CC) connecting barrel cortices (BC). Robust positive BOLD was detected in the ipsilateral BC due to antidromic activity, spreading to the ipsilateral motor cortex (MC), and posterior thalamus (PO). In the orthodromic target, positive BOLD was reliably evoked by 2 Hz light pulses, whereas 40 Hz light pulses led to reduced calcium, indicative of CC-mediated inhibition. This presumed optogenetic CC-mediated inhibition was further elucidated by pairing light pulses with whisker stimulation at varied interstimulus intervals. Whisker-induced positive BOLD and calcium signals were reduced at intervals of 50/100 ms. The calcium-amplitude-modulation-based correlation with whole-brain fMRI signal revealed that the inhibitory effects spread to contralateral BC, ipsilateral MC, and PO. This work raises the need for fMRI to elucidate the brain-wide network activation in response to optogenetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72074, Germany
| | - Filip Sobczak
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72074, Germany
| | - Patricia Pais-Roldán
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72074, Germany
| | - Cornelius Schwarz
- Werner Reichardt Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany
| | - Alan P Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg 72076, Germany.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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16
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Rosenthal ZP, Raut RV, Yan P, Koko D, Kraft AW, Czerniewski L, Acland B, Mitra A, Snyder LH, Bauer AQ, Snyder AZ, Culver JP, Raichle ME, Lee JM. Local Perturbations of Cortical Excitability Propagate Differentially Through Large-Scale Functional Networks. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3352-3369. [PMID: 32043145 PMCID: PMC7305790 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological recordings have established that GABAergic interneurons regulate excitability, plasticity, and computational function within local neural circuits. Importantly, GABAergic inhibition is focally disrupted around sites of brain injury. However, it remains unclear whether focal imbalances in inhibition/excitation lead to widespread changes in brain activity. Here, we test the hypothesis that focal perturbations in excitability disrupt large-scale brain network dynamics. We used viral chemogenetics in mice to reversibly manipulate parvalbumin interneuron (PV-IN) activity levels in whisker barrel somatosensory cortex. We then assessed how this imbalance affects cortical network activity in awake mice using wide-field optical neuroimaging of pyramidal neuron GCaMP dynamics as well as local field potential recordings. We report 1) that local changes in excitability can cause remote, network-wide effects, 2) that these effects propagate differentially through intra- and interhemispheric connections, and 3) that chemogenetic constructs can induce plasticity in cortical excitability and functional connectivity. These findings may help to explain how focal activity changes following injury lead to widespread network dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Rosenthal
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan V Raut
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deima Koko
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Leah Czerniewski
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Acland
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anish Mitra
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lawrence H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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