1
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Li C, Xu G, Wang Y, Huang L, Cai F, Meng L, Jin B, Jiang Z, Sun H, Zhao H, Lu X, Sang X, Huang P, Li F, Yang H, Mao Y, Zheng H. Acoustic-holography-patterned primary hepatocytes possess liver functions. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122691. [PMID: 38996673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic holography (AH), a promising approach for cell patterning, emerges as a powerful tool for constructing novel invitro 3D models that mimic organs and cancers features. However, understanding changes in cell function post-AH remains limited. Furthermore, replicating complex physiological and pathological processes solely with cell lines proves challenging. Here, we employed acoustical holographic lattice to assemble primary hepatocytes directly isolated from mice into a cell cluster matrix to construct a liver-shaped tissue sample. For the first time, we evaluated the liver functions of AH-patterned primary hepatocytes. The patterned model exhibited large numbers of self-assembled spheroids and superior multifarious core hepatocyte functions compared to cells in 2D and traditional 3D culture models. AH offers a robust protocol for long-term in vitro culture of primary cells, underscoring its potential for future applications in disease pathogenesis research, drug testing, and organ replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcan Li
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China; Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Liver Transplant Center, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinhan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Laixin Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiyan Cai
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Long Meng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bao Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoran Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hang Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Xingting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Pengyu Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, And Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Pei Z, Tian Z, Yang S, Shen L, Hao N, Naquin TD, Li T, Sun L, Rong W, Huang TJ. Capillary-based, multifunctional manipulation of particles and fluids via focused surface acoustic waves. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2024; 57:305401. [PMID: 38800708 PMCID: PMC11126230 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-enabled acoustofluidic technologies have recently atttracted increasing attention for applications in biology, chemistry, biophysics, and medicine. Most SAW acoustofluidic devices generate acoustic energy which is then transmitted into custom microfabricated polymer-based channels. There are limited studies on delivering this acoustic energy into convenient commercially-available glass tubes for manipulating particles and fluids. Herein, we have constructed a capillary-based SAW acoustofluidic device for multifunctional fluidic and particle manipulation. This device integrates a converging interdigitated transducer to generate focused SAWs on a piezoelectric chip, as well as a glass capillary that transports particles and fluids. To understand the actuation mechanisms underlying this device, we performed finite element simulations by considering piezoelectric, solid mechanic, and pressure acoustic physics. This experimental study shows that the capillary-based SAW acoustofluidic device can perform multiple functions including enriching particles, patterning particles, transporting particles and fluids, as well as generating droplets with controlled sizes. Given the usefulness of these functions, we expect that this acoustofluidic device can be useful in applications such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, biofabrication, and bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Pei
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ty D. Naquin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Lining Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Weibin Rong
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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3
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Uddin R, Al-Jumaily AM. Ultrasonic Levitation for Airway Humidification. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4691. [PMID: 39066089 PMCID: PMC11281218 DOI: 10.3390/s24144691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
This study employs the transmitter part of an ultrasonic proximity sensor to generate a powerful ultrasonic field for medical humidification. This field is created using an arrangement of small ultrasonic transmitter transducers configured in an acoustic levitator-style setup. As droplets pass through this ultrasonic field, they undergo disintegration, leading to an accelerated evaporation process. The research findings highlight a significant change in droplet size distribution due to ultrasonics, resulting in a notable increase in the rate of evaporation. As a result, this study presents a conceptual framework for reimagining humidification devices for lung therapeutic purposes through the utilization of simple sensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed M. Al-Jumaily
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
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4
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Eliahoo P, Setayesh H, Hoffman T, Wu Y, Li S, Treweek JB. Viscoelasticity in 3D Cell Culture and Regenerative Medicine: Measurement Techniques and Biological Relevance. ACS MATERIALS AU 2024; 4:354-384. [PMID: 39006396 PMCID: PMC11240420 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The field of mechanobiology is gaining prominence due to recent findings that show cells sense and respond to the mechanical properties of their environment through a process called mechanotransduction. The mechanical properties of cells, cell organelles, and the extracellular matrix are understood to be viscoelastic. Various technologies have been researched and developed for measuring the viscoelasticity of biological materials, which may provide insight into both the cellular mechanisms and the biological functions of mechanotransduction. Here, we explain the concept of viscoelasticity and introduce the major techniques that have been used to measure the viscoelasticity of various soft materials in different length- and timescale frames. The topology of the material undergoing testing, the geometry of the probe, the magnitude of the exerted stress, and the resulting deformation should be carefully considered to choose a proper technique for each application. Lastly, we discuss several applications of viscoelasticity in 3D cell culture and tissue models for regenerative medicine, including organoids, organ-on-a-chip systems, engineered tissue constructs, and tunable viscoelastic hydrogels for 3D bioprinting and cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Eliahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 United States
| | - Hesam Setayesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 United States
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Jennifer B Treweek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089 United States
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5
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McDonald MN, Tree DR, Peterson CK. Chemical herding as a multiplicative factor for top-down manipulation of colloids. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:064609. [PMID: 39020876 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.064609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal particles can create reconfigurable nanomaterials, with applications such as color-changing, self-repairing, and self-regulating materials and reconfigurable drug delivery systems. However, top-down methods for manipulating colloids are limited in the scale they can control. We consider here a new method for using chemical reactions to multiply the effects of existing top-down colloidal manipulation methods to arrange large numbers of colloids with single-particle precision, which we refer to as chemical herding. Using simulation-based methods, we show that if a set of chemically active colloids (herders) can be steered using external forces (i.e., electrophoretic, dielectrophoretic, magnetic, or optical forces), then a larger set of colloids (followers) that move in response to the chemical gradients produced by the herders can be steered using the control algorithms given in this paper. We also derive bounds that predict the maximum number of particles that can be steered in this way, and we illustrate the effectiveness of this approach using Brownian dynamics simulations. Based on the theoretical results and simulations, we conclude that chemical herding is a viable method for multiplying the effects of existing colloidal manipulation methods to create useful structures and materials.
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6
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Orme B, Torun H, Unthank M, Fu YQ, Ford B, Agrawal P. Capillary wave tweezer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12448. [PMID: 38816398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise control of microparticle movement is crucial in high throughput processing for various applications in scalable manufacturing, such as particle monolayer assembly and 3D bio-printing. Current techniques using acoustic, electrical and optical methods offer precise manipulation advantages, but their scalability is restricted due to issues such as, high input powers and complex fabrication and operation processes. In this work, we introduce the concept of capillary wave tweezers, where mm-scale capillary wave fields are dynamically manipulated to control the position of microparticles in a liquid volume. Capillary waves are generated in an open liquid volume using low frequency vibrations (in the range of 10-100 Hz) to trap particles underneath the nodes of the capillary waves. By shifting the displacement nodes of the waves, the trapped particles are precisely displaced. Using analytical and numerical models, we identify conditions under which a stable control over particle motion is achieved. By showcasing the ability to dynamically control the movement of microparticles, our concept offers a simple and high throughput method to manipulate particles in open systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Orme
- Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Matthew Unthank
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Yong-Qing Fu
- Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Bethan Ford
- Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Prashant Agrawal
- Smart Materials and Surfaces Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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7
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Tang W, Yan D, Qin K, Guo X, Zhong Y, Xu H, Yang H, Zou J. Single-Electrode Electrostatic Repulsion Phenomenon for Remote Actuation and Manipulation. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0393. [PMID: 38812533 PMCID: PMC11134173 DOI: 10.34133/research.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
One of the fundamental principles of electrostatics is that an uncharged object will be attracted to a charged object through electrostatic induction as the two approaches one another. We refer to the charged object as a single electrode and examine the scenario where a positive voltage is applied. Because of electrostatic induction phenomenon, single-electrode electrostatics only generates electrostatic attraction forces. Here, we discover that single-electrode electrostatics can generate electrostatic repulsion forces and define this new phenomenon as single-electrode electrostatic repulsion phenomenon. We investigate the fundamental electrostatic phenomena, giving a curve of electrostatic force versus voltage and then defining 3 regions. Remote actuation and manipulation are essential technologies that are of enormous concern, with tweezers playing an important role. Various tweezers designed on the basis of external fields of optics, acoustics, and magnetism can be used for remote actuation and manipulation, but some inherent drawbacks still exist. Tweezers would benefit greatly from our discovery in electrostatics. On the basis of this discovery, we propose the concept of electrostatic tweezers, which can achieve noncontact and remote actuation and manipulation. Experimental characterizations and successful applications in metamaterials, robots, and manipulating objects demonstrated that electrostatic tweezers can produce large deformation rates (>6,000%), fast actuation (>100 Hz), and remote manipulating distance (~15 cm) and have the advantages of simple device structure, easy control, lightweight, no dielectric breakdown, and low cost. Our work may deepen people's understanding of single-electrode electrostatics and opens new opportunities for remote actuation and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Process Equipment, College of Energy Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiding Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huxiu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering,
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Lim MX, VanSaders B, Jaeger HM. Acoustic manipulation of multi-body structures and dynamics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:064601. [PMID: 38670083 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad43f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Sound can exert forces on objects of any material and shape. This has made the contactless manipulation of objects by intense ultrasound a fascinating area of research with wide-ranging applications. While much is understood for acoustic forcing of individual objects, sound-mediated interactions among multiple objects at close range gives rise to a rich set of structures and dynamics that are less explored and have been emerging as a frontier for research. We introduce the basic mechanisms giving rise to sound-mediated interactions among rigid as well as deformable particles, focusing on the regime where the particles' size and spacing are much smaller than the sound wavelength. The interplay of secondary acoustic scattering, Bjerknes forces, and micro-streaming is discussed and the role of particle shape is highlighted. Furthermore, we present recent advances in characterizing non-conservative and non-pairwise additive contributions to the particle interactions, along with instabilities and active fluctuations. These excitations emerge at sufficiently strong sound energy density and can act as an effective temperature in otherwise athermal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody X Lim
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Bryan VanSaders
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
| | - Heinrich M Jaeger
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
- Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States of America
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9
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Ghavami Namin B, Hojjat Y. Remote control of fluid motion in a channel by acoustic holography. ULTRASONICS 2024; 140:107303. [PMID: 38537518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A new method for manipulating fluid movement using sound waves is presented in this paper. The method relies on acoustic streaming near the free surface of the fluid in a channel with an open top. The sound waves are modulated in phase using acoustic phase holography, which creates a periodic phase pattern from 0 to 2π along a straight path on a target plane. The paper also describes an experimental design to study the main factors influencing the method, such as frequency, number of phase patterns in the path, and sound pressure amplitude. The paper shows that phase pitch and voltage significantly affects fluid speed and that there is a good match between the theoretical and experimental results. Furthermore, the article reports additional experiments with different channel shapes to demonstrate the versatility of the method in controlling fluid motion. The highest fluid speed observed was 0.4 mm/s at a frequency of 1300 kHz and a phase pitch of 5. The paper also investigates the effect of changing the frequency on reversing the flow direction in a U-shaped channel, both experimentally and theoretically. The paper concludes that this method could be a suitable alternative to other acoustic devices for inducing fluid motion because of its simple and flexible design, fabrication, accuracy, and ability to handle complex channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousef Hojjat
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Jia Y, Wang M, Li J, An S, Li T, Liu S. Selective Acoustic Trapping, Translating, Rotating, and Orienting of Organism From Heterogeneous Mixture. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:1542-1551. [PMID: 38117632 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3342093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Selective contactless manipulation of organisms with intrinsic mobility from heterogeneous mixture is essential for biomedical engineering and microbiology. Acoustic manipulation, compared to its optical, magnetic, and electrostatic counterparts, provides superior bio-compatibility and additive-free properties. In this study, we present an acoustic manipulation system capable of selectively trapping, translating, rotating, and orienting individual organisms from in-Petri dish organism mixture using a phased transducer array and microscope, by dynamically steering the acoustic field. Specifically, using brine shrimp and zebrafish populations as example, the to-be-manipulated organisms with different sizes or morphologies can be manually designated by the user in microscopic image and interactively localized. Thereafter, the selected organisms can be automatically trapped from the heterogeneous mixture using a multiple focal point-based acoustic field steering method. Finally, the trapped organisms can be translated, rotated, and oriented in regard to the user's distinct manipulation objectives in instant response. In different tasks, closed-loop positioning and real-time motion planning control are performed, highlighting the innovation in terms of automation and accuracy of our manipulation technique. The results demonstrate that our acoustic manipulation system and acoustic field steering method enable selective, stable, precision, real-time, and in-Petri dish manipulation of organisms from heterogeneous mixture.
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11
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Li J, Zhao X, Zhang R, Zhou D, Li F, Li Z, Guo H. Programmable photoacoustic manipulation of microparticles in liquid. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:16362-16370. [PMID: 38859265 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Particle manipulation through the transfer of light or sound momentum has emerged as a powerful technique with immense potential in various fields, including cell biology, microparticle assembly, and lab-on-chip technology. Here, we present a novel method called Programmable Photoacoustic Manipulation (PPAM) of microparticles in liquid, which enables rapid and precise arrangement and controllable transport of numerous silica particles in water. Our approach leverages the modulation of pulsed laser using digital micromirror devices (DMD) to generate localized Lamb waves in a stainless steel membrane and acoustic waves in water. The particles undergo a mechanical force of about several µN due to membrane vibrations and an acoustic radiation force of about tens of nN from the surrounding water. Consequently, this approach surpasses the efficiency of optical tweezers by effectively countering the viscous drag imposed by water and can be used to move thousands of particles on the membrane. The high power of the pulsed laser and the programmability of the DMD enhance the flexibility in particle manipulation. By integrating the benefits of optical and acoustic manipulation, this technique holds great promise for advancing large-scale manipulation, cell assembly, and drug delivery.
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12
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Morrell MC, Lee JE, Grier DG. Spectral holographic trapping: Creating dynamic force landscapes with polyphonic waves. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044901. [PMID: 38755870 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic trapping uses forces exerted by sound waves to transport small objects along specified trajectories in three dimensions. The structure of the time-averaged acoustic force landscape acting on an object is determined by the amplitude and phase profiles of the sound's pressure wave. These profiles typically are sculpted by deliberately selecting the amplitude and relative phase of the sound projected by each transducer in large arrays of transducers, all operating at the same carrier frequency. This approach leverages a powerful analogy with holographic optical trapping at the cost of considerable technical complexity. Acoustic force fields also can be shaped by the spectral content of the component sound waves in a manner that is not feasible with light. The same theoretical framework that predicts the time-averaged structure of monotone acoustic force landscapes can be applied to spectrally rich sound fields in the quasistatic approximation, creating opportunities for dexterous control using comparatively simple hardware. We demonstrate this approach to spectral holographic acoustic trapping by projecting acoustic conveyor beams that move millimeter-scale objects along prescribed paths. Spectral control of reflections provides yet another opportunity for controlling the structure and dynamics of an acoustic force landscape. We use this approach to realize two variations on the theme of a wave-driven oscillator, a deceptively simple dynamical system with surprisingly complex phenomenology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia C Morrell
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | | | - David G Grier
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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13
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Gokani CA, Haberman MR, Hamilton MF. Paraxial and ray approximations of acoustic vortex beams. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:2707-2723. [PMID: 38647257 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A compact analytical solution obtained in the paraxial approximation is used to investigate focused and unfocused vortex beams radiated by a source with a Gaussian amplitude distribution. Comparisons with solutions of the Helmholtz equation are conducted to determine bounds on the parameter space in which the paraxial approximation is accurate. A linear relation is obtained for the dependence of the vortex ring radius on the topological charge, characterized by its orbital number, in the far field of an unfocused beam and in the focal plane of a focused beam. For a focused beam, it is shown that as the orbital number increases, the vortex ring not only increases in radius but also moves out of the focal plane in the direction of the source. For certain parameters, it is demonstrated that with increasing orbital number, the maximum amplitude in a focused beam becomes localized along a spheroidal surface enclosing a shadow zone in the prefocal region. This field structure is described analytically by ray theory developed in the present work, showing that the spheroidal surface in the prefocal region coincides with a simple expression for the coordinates of the caustic surface formed in a focused vortex beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag A Gokani
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78766-9767, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1063, USA
| | - Michael R Haberman
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78766-9767, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1063, USA
| | - Mark F Hamilton
- Applied Research Laboratories, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78766-9767, USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1063, USA
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14
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Wu Y, Gai J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Liu Y. Acoustofluidic Actuation of Living Cells. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:466. [PMID: 38675277 PMCID: PMC11052308 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Acoutofluidics is an increasingly developing and maturing technical discipline. With the advantages of being label-free, non-contact, bio-friendly, high-resolution, and remote-controllable, it is very suitable for the operation of living cells. After decades of fundamental laboratory research, its technical principles have become increasingly clear, and its manufacturing technology has gradually become popularized. Presently, various imaginative applications continue to emerge and are constantly being improved. Here, we introduce the development of acoustofluidic actuation technology from the perspective of related manipulation applications on living cells. Among them, we focus on the main development directions such as acoustofluidic sorting, acoustofluidic tissue engineering, acoustofluidic microscopy, and acoustofluidic biophysical therapy. This review aims to provide a concise summary of the current state of research and bridge past developments with future directions, offering researchers a comprehensive overview and sparking innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
| | - Junyang Gai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Engineering, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
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15
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Vachon P, Merugu S, Sharma J, Lal A, Ng EJ, Koh Y, Lee JEY, Lee C. Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:33. [PMID: 38463549 PMCID: PMC10920796 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves (GFWs) generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator (MAWA). By harnessing the potential of GFWs, cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved, unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip development. The localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising characteristics. Unlike traditional acoustofluidic technologies, the GFWs propagating on the MAWA's membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation, irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic chamber. Moreover, the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane waveguide. Experimental demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport, mixing, and spatial separation based on particle diameter, along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS channels. These experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA's compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vachon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srinivas Merugu
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jaibir Sharma
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amit Lal
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- SonicMEMS Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - Eldwin J. Ng
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yul Koh
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua E.-Y. Lee
- Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW Australia
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Li X, Cao Y, Ng J. Non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory for trapped particles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1963. [PMID: 38438361 PMCID: PMC10912716 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The equipartition theorem is an elegant cornerstone theory of thermal and statistical physics. However, it fails to address some contemporary problems, such as those associated with optical and acoustic trapping, due to the non-Hermitian nature of the external wave-induced force. We use stochastic calculus to solve the Langevin equation and thereby analytically generalize the equipartition theorem to a theory that we denote the non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory. We use the non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory to calculate the relevant statistics, which reveal that the averaged kinetic and potential energies are no longer equal to kBT/2 and are not equipartitioned. As examples, we apply non-Hermitian non-equipartition theory to derive the connection between the non-Hermitian trapping force and particle statistics, whereby measurement of the latter can determine the former. Furthermore, we apply a non-Hermitian force to convert a saddle potential into a stable potential, leading to a different type of stable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongyin Cao
- Institute of Advanced Photonics, School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jack Ng
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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17
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Zhang Z, Shi Z, Ahmed D. SonoTransformers: Transformable acoustically activated wireless microscale machines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314661121. [PMID: 38289954 PMCID: PMC10861920 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314661121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Shape transformation, a key mechanism for organismal survival and adaptation, has gained importance in developing synthetic shape-shifting systems with diverse applications ranging from robotics to bioengineering. However, designing and controlling microscale shape-shifting materials remains a fundamental challenge in various actuation modalities. As materials and structures are scaled down to the microscale, they often exhibit size-dependent characteristics, and the underlying physical mechanisms can be significantly affected or rendered ineffective. Additionally, surface forces such as van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces become dominant at the microscale, resulting in stiction and adhesion between small structures, making them fracture and more difficult to deform. Furthermore, despite various actuation approaches, acoustics have received limited attention despite their potential advantages. Here, we introduce "SonoTransformer," the acoustically activated micromachine that delivers shape transformability using preprogrammed soft hinges with different stiffnesses. When exposed to an acoustic field, these hinges concentrate sound energy through intensified oscillation and provide the necessary force and torque for the transformation of the entire micromachine within milliseconds. We have created machine designs to predetermine the folding state, enabling precise programming and customization of the acoustic transformation. Additionally, we have shown selective shape transformable microrobots by adjusting acoustic power, realizing high degrees of control and functional versatility. Our findings open new research avenues in acoustics, physics, and soft matter, offering new design paradigms and development opportunities in robotics, metamaterials, adaptive optics, flexible electronics, and microtechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhang
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, ZurichCH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Zhan Shi
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, ZurichCH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, ZurichCH-8803, Switzerland
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18
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Wu Z, Cai H, Tian C, Ao Z, Jiang L, Guo F. Exploiting Sound for Emerging Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. NANO RESEARCH 2024; 17:462-475. [PMID: 38712329 PMCID: PMC11073796 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nano- to microscale, membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space, and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics, holding promising potential in translational medicine. However, the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease treatment. Here, we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. We first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle technologies. We discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification, manipulation, biosensing, and bioimaging of extracellular vesicles. Then, we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. Finally, we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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19
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Zhao J, Fei C, He J, He D, Wang Y, Chen J, Li Z, Quan Y, Zhao T, Lou L, Qiu Z, Yang Y. Ultra-High Frequency Self-Focusing Ultrasonic Sensors With Half-Concave Geometry for Visualization of Mouse Brain Atrophy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:524-530. [PMID: 37656645 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3308574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high frequency (>100 MHz) acoustic waves feature biocompatibility and high sensitivity and allow biomedical imaging and acoustic tweezers. Primarily, excellent spatial resolution and broad bandwidth at ultra-high frequency is the goal for pathological research and cell selection at the cellular level. Here, we propose an efficient approach to visualize mouse brain atrophy by self-focused ultrasonic sensors at ultra-high frequency with ultra-broad bandwidth. The numerical models of geometry and theoretically predicted acoustic parameters for half-concave piezoelectric elements are calculated by the differential method, which agrees with measured results (lateral resolution: 24 μm, and bandwidth: 115% at -6 dB). Compared with the brain slices of 2-month-old mouse, the atrophy visualization of the 6-month-old mouse brain was realized by C-mode imaging with an acoustic microscopy system, which is a potential prospect for diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) combined with neuroscience. Meanwhile, the acoustic properties of the brain slices were quantitatively measured by the acoustic microscopy. These encouraging results demonstrate the promising application for high-resolution imaging in vitro biological tissue with ultra-high frequency self-focusing ultrasonic sensors.
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20
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Cao HX, Nguyen VD, Park JO, Choi E, Kang B. Acoustic Actuators for the Manipulation of Micro/Nanorobots: State-of-the-Art and Future Outlooks. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:186. [PMID: 38398914 PMCID: PMC10890471 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Compared to other actuating methods, acoustic actuators offer the distinctive capability of the contactless manipulation of small objects, such as microscale and nanoscale robots. Furthermore, they have the ability to penetrate the skin, allowing for the trapping and manipulation of micro/nanorobots that carry therapeutic agents in diverse media. In this review, we summarize the current progress in using acoustic actuators for the manipulation of micro/nanorobots used in various biomedical applications. First, we introduce the actuating method of using acoustic waves to manipulate objects, including the principle of operation and different types of acoustic actuators that are usually employed. Then, applications involving manipulating different types of devices are reviewed, including bubble-based microrobots, bubble-free robots, biohybrid microrobots, and nanorobots. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives for the development of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep Xuan Cao
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.X.C.); (E.C.)
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea;
| | - Van Du Nguyen
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.X.C.); (E.C.)
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju 61011, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eunpyo Choi
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.X.C.); (E.C.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungjeon Kang
- Robot Research Initiative, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (H.X.C.); (E.C.)
- Graduate School of Data Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- College of AI Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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21
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Contreras V, Volke-Sepúlveda K. Enhanced standing-wave acoustic levitation using high-order transverse modes in phased array ultrasonic cavities. ULTRASONICS 2024; 138:107230. [PMID: 38176289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Airborne acoustic trapping by ultrasonic phased arrays has seen great advances in recent years, and yet the manipulation of objects with different shapes and sizes or heavy particles remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the manipulation capabilities of a standing-wave acoustic levitator can be extended by introducing intracavity high-order transverse (HOT) modes in the azimuthal direction, enabling the simultaneous trapping of several objects within a wide range of shapes and sizes with positional and rotational stability, including objects with sizes larger than one wavelength and weights in the scale of millinewtons. The conditions to generate different HOT modes are theoretically analyzed and experimentally implemented. We numerically calculate the pressure distributions, exhibiting good qualitative agreement with the experimental pressure distributions obtained with schlieren images. In addition, we calculate the acoustic force field for several examples of HOT modes and different particle sizes, which leads to a qualitative understanding of the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Contreras
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico.
| | - Karen Volke-Sepúlveda
- Instituto Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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22
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Morrell M, Grier DG. Acoustodynamic mass determination: Accounting for inertial effects in acoustic levitation of granular materials. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064903. [PMID: 38243452 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Acoustic traps use forces exerted by sound waves to confine and transport small objects. The dynamics of an object moving in the force landscape of an acoustic trap can be significantly influenced by the inertia of the surrounding fluid medium. These inertial effects can be observed by setting a trapped object in oscillation and tracking it as it relaxes back to mechanical equilibrium in its trap. Large deviations from Stokesian dynamics during this process can be explained quantitatively by accounting for boundary-layer effects in the fluid. The measured oscillations of a perturbed particle then can be used not only to calibrate the trap but also to characterize the particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Morrell
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - David G Grier
- Department of Physics and Center for Soft Matter Research, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
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23
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Shan Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Dong L, Pei C, Jin Z, Sun Y, Liu T. Variable stiffness soft robotic gripper: design, development, and prospects. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2023; 19:011001. [PMID: 37948756 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad0b8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The advent of variable stiffness soft robotic grippers furnishes a conduit for exploration and manipulation within uncharted, non-structured environments. The paper provides a comprehensive review of the necessary technologies for the configuration design of soft robotic grippers with variable stiffness, serving as a reference for innovative gripper design. The design of variable stiffness soft robotic grippers typically encompasses the design of soft robotic grippers and variable stiffness modules. To adapt to unfamiliar environments and grasp unknown objects, a categorization and discussion have been undertaken based on the contact and motion manifestations between the gripper and the things across various dimensions: points contact, lines contact, surfaces contact, and full-bodies contact, elucidating the advantages and characteristics of each gripping type. Furthermore, when designing soft robotic grippers, we must consider the effectiveness of object grasping methods but also the applicability of the actuation in the target environment. The actuation is the propelling force behind the gripping motion, holding utmost significance in shaping the structure of the gripper. Given the challenge of matching the actuation of robotic grippers with the target scenario, we reviewed the actuation of soft robotic grippers. We analyzed the strengths and limitations of various soft actuation, providing insights into the actuation design for soft robotic grippers. As a crucial technique for variable stiffness soft robotic grippers, variable stiffness technology can effectively address issues such as poor load-bearing capacity and instability caused by the softness of materials. Through a retrospective analysis of variable stiffness theory, we comprehensively introduce the development of variable stiffness theory in soft robotic grippers and showcase the application of variable stiffness grasping technology through specific case studies. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of variable stiffness grasping robots from several perspectives of applications and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shan
- Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlei Pei
- Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaopeng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Parallel Robot and Mechatronic System, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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24
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Babbs CF, Lang MV. Rapid and Efficient Computation of Cell Paths During Ultrasonic Focusing. ULTRASONIC IMAGING 2023; 45:227-239. [PMID: 37644766 DOI: 10.1177/01617346231195598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This biophysical analysis explores the first-principles physics of movement of white blood cell sized particles, suspended in an aqueous fluid and experiencing progressive or standing waves of acoustic pressure. In many current applications the cells are gradually nudged or herded toward the nodes of the standing wave, providing a degree of acoustic focusing and concentration of the cells in layers perpendicular to the direction of sound propagation. Here the underlying biomechanics of this phenomenon are analyzed specifically for the viscous regime of water and for small diameter microscopic spheroids such as living cells. The resulting mathematical model leads to a single algebraic expression for the creep or drift velocity as a function of sound frequency, amplitude, wavelength, fluid viscosity, boundary dimensions, and boundary reflectivity. This expression can be integrated numerically by a simple and fast computer algorithm to demonstrate net movement of particles as a function of time, providing a guide to optimization in a variety of emerging applications of ultrasonic cell focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Babbs
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mary V Lang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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25
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Janiak J, Li Y, Ferry Y, Doinikov AA, Ahmed D. Acoustic microbubble propulsion, train-like assembly and cargo transport. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4705. [PMID: 37543657 PMCID: PMC10404234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving controlled mobility of microparticles in viscous fluids can become pivotal in biologics, biotechniques, and biomedical applications. The self-assembly, trapping, and transport of microparticles are being explored in active matter, micro and nanorobotics, and microfluidics; however, little work has been done in acoustics, particularly in active matter and robotics. This study reports the discovery and characterization of microbubble behaviors in a viscous gel that is confined to a slight opening between glass boundaries in an acoustic field. Where incident waves encounter a narrow slit, acoustic pressure is amplified, causing the microbubbles to nucleate and cavitate within it. Intermittent activation transforms microbubbles from spherical to ellipsoidal, allowing them to be trapped within the interstice. Continuous activation propels ellipsoidal microbubbles through shape and volume modes that is developed at their surfaces. Ensembles of microbubbles self-assemble into a train-like arrangement, which in turn capture, transport, and release microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Janiak
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab (ARSL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, CH-8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Yuyang Li
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab (ARSL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, CH-8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Yann Ferry
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab (ARSL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, CH-8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Alexander A Doinikov
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab (ARSL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, CH-8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab (ARSL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich, CH-8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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26
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Wang S, Wang X, You F, Xiao H. Review of Ultrasonic Particle Manipulation Techniques: Applications and Research Advances. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1487. [PMID: 37630023 PMCID: PMC10456655 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic particle manipulation technique is a non-contact label-free method for manipulating micro- and nano-scale particles using ultrasound, which has obvious advantages over traditional optical, magnetic, and electrical micro-manipulation techniques; it has gained extensive attention in micro-nano manipulation in recent years. This paper introduces the basic principles and manipulation methods of ultrasonic particle manipulation techniques, provides a detailed overview of the current mainstream acoustic field generation methods, and also highlights, in particular, the applicable scenarios for different numbers and arrangements of ultrasonic transducer devices. Ultrasonic transducer arrays have been used extensively in various particle manipulation applications, and many sound field reconstruction algorithms based on ultrasonic transducer arrays have been proposed one after another. In this paper, unlike most other previous reviews on ultrasonic particle manipulation, we analyze and summarize the current reconstruction algorithms for generating sound fields based on ultrasonic transducer arrays and compare these algorithms. Finally, we explore the applications of ultrasonic particle manipulation technology in engineering and biological fields and summarize and forecast the research progress of ultrasonic particle manipulation technology. We believe that this review will provide superior guidance for ultrasonic particle manipulation methods based on the study of micro and nano operations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China; (S.W.)
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27
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Lin Q, Zhang R, Cai F, Chen Y, Ye J, Wang J, Zheng H, Zhang H. Multi-frequency acoustic hologram generation with a physics-enhanced deep neural network. ULTRASONICS 2023; 132:106970. [PMID: 36898297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.106970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Here, a physics-enhanced multi-frequency acoustic hologram deep neural network (PhysNet_MFAH) method is proposed for designing multi-frequency acoustic holograms, which is built by incorporating multiple physical models that represent the physical processes of acoustic waves propagation for a set of design frequencies into a deep neural network. It is demonstrated that one needs only to feed a set of frequency-specific target patterns into the network, the proposed PhysNet_MFAH method can automatically, accurately, and rapidly generate a high-quality multi-frequency acoustic hologram for holographic rendering of different target acoustic fields in the same or distinct regions of the target plane when driven at different frequencies. Remarkably, it is also demonstrated that the proposed PhysNet_MFAH method can achieve a higher quality of the reconstructed acoustic intensity fields than the existing optimization methods IASA and DS for designing multi-frequency acoustic holograms at a relatively fast-computational speed. Furthermore, the performance dependencies of the proposed PhysNet_MFAH method on different design parameters are established, which provide insight into the performance of the reconstructed acoustic intensity fields when subject to different design conditions of the proposed PhysNet_MFAH method. We believe that the proposed PhysNet_MFAH method can facilitate many potential applications of acoustic holograms, ranging from dynamic particle manipulation to volumetric display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lin
- School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rujun Zhang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feiyan Cai
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanyi Chen
- School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jinwei Ye
- School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huailing Zhang
- School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Koroyasu Y, Nguyen TV, Sasaguri S, Marzo A, Ezcurdia I, Nagata Y, Yamamoto T, Nomura N, Hoshi T, Ochiai Y, Fushimi T. Microfluidic platform using focused ultrasound passing through hydrophobic meshes with jump availability. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad207. [PMID: 37404834 PMCID: PMC10317206 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Applications in chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering require the large-scale manipulation of a wide range of chemicals, samples, and specimens. To achieve maximum efficiency, parallel control of microlitre droplets using automated techniques is essential. Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD), which manipulates droplets using the imbalance of wetting on a substrate, is the most widely employed method. However, EWOD is limited in its capability to make droplets detach from the substrate (jumping), which hinders throughput and device integration. Here, we propose a novel microfluidic system based on focused ultrasound passing through a hydrophobic mesh with droplets resting on top. A phased array dynamically creates foci to manipulate droplets of up to 300 μL. This platform offers a jump height of up to 10 cm, a 27-fold improvement over conventional EWOD systems. In addition, droplets can be merged or split by pushing them against a hydrophobic knife. We demonstrate Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling using our platform, showing its potential for a wide range of chemical experiments. Biofouling in our system was lower than in conventional EWOD, demonstrating its high suitability for biological experiments. Focused ultrasound allows the manipulation of both solid and liquid targets. Our platform provides a foundation for the advancement of micro-robotics, additive manufacturing, and laboratory automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Koroyasu
- School of Informatics, College of Media Arts, Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550 Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Thanh-Vinh Nguyen
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8564 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shun Sasaguri
- School of Informatics, College of Media Arts, Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asier Marzo
- UPNALab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Engineering, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31006 Navarra, Spain
| | - Iñigo Ezcurdia
- UPNALab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Engineering, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, 31006 Navarra, Spain
| | - Yuuya Nagata
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021 Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Japan
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hoshi
- Pixie Dust Technologies, Inc., Chiyoda-ku, 101-0061 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ochiai
- Pixie Dust Technologies, Inc., Chiyoda-ku, 101-0061 Tokyo, Japan
- R&D Center for Digital Nature, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550 Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Library, Information and Media Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8550 Ibaraki, Japan
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29
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Ren X, Zhou Q, Huang J, Xu Z, Liu X. Holographic generation of arbitrary ultrasonic fields by simultaneous modulation of amplitude and phase. ULTRASONICS 2023; 134:107074. [PMID: 37329671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic holograms have been used widely to generate desired acoustic fields. Following the rapid development of 3D printing technology, the use of holographic lenses has become an efficient method to produce acoustic fields with high resolution and low cost. In this paper, we demonstrate a technique to modulate the amplitude and phase of ultrasonic waves simultaneously using a holographic method with high transmission efficiency and high accuracy. On this basis, we generate an Airy beam with high propagation invariance. We then discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method when compared with the conventional acoustic holographic method. Finally, we design a sinusoidal curve with a phase gradient and a constant pressure amplitude and realize transport of a particle on a water surface along a curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Ren
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qinxin Zhou
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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30
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Ghanem MA, Maxwell AD, Dalecki D, Sapozhnikov OA, Bailey MR. Phase holograms for the three-dimensional patterning of unconstrained microparticles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9160. [PMID: 37280230 PMCID: PMC10244404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic radiation forces can remotely manipulate particles. Forces from a standing wave field align microscale particles along the nodal or anti-nodal locations of the field to form three-dimensional (3D) patterns. These patterns can be used to form 3D microstructures for tissue engineering applications. However, standing wave generation requires more than one transducer or a reflector, which is challenging to implement in vivo. Here, a method is developed and validated to manipulate microspheres using a travelling wave from a single transducer. Diffraction theory and an iterative angular spectrum approach are employed to design phase holograms to shape the acoustic field. The field replicates a standing wave and aligns polyethylene microspheres in water, which are analogous to cells in vivo, at pressure nodes. Using Gor'kov potential to calculate the radiation forces on the microspheres, axial forces are minimized, and transverse forces are maximized to create stable particle patterns. Pressure fields from the phase holograms and resulting particle aggregation patterns match predictions with a feature similarity index > 0.92, where 1 is a perfect match. The resulting radiation forces are comparable to those produced from a standing wave, which suggests opportunities for in vivo implementation of cell patterning toward tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ghanem
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Adam D Maxwell
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Diane Dalecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Oleg A Sapozhnikov
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Physics Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Michael R Bailey
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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31
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Liu D, Wang Y, Lu M, Zhang Q, Huang J, Li Y, Ma T, Yan F, Zheng H. In-vivo programmable acoustic manipulation of genetically engineered bacteria. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3297. [PMID: 37280199 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers can control target movement through the momentum interaction between an acoustic wave and an object. This technology has advantages over optical tweezers for in-vivo cell manipulation due to its high tissue penetrability and strong acoustic radiation force. However, normal cells are difficult to acoustically manipulate because of their small size and the similarity between their acoustic impedance and that of the medium. In this study, we use the heterologous expression of gene clusters to generate genetically engineered bacteria that can produce numerous sub-micron gas vesicles in the bacterial cytoplasm. We show that the presence of the gas vesicles significantly enhances the acoustic sensitivity of the engineering bacteria, which can be manipulated by ultrasound. We find that by employing phased-array-based acoustic tweezers, the engineering bacteria can be trapped into clusters and manipulated in vitro and in vivo via electronically steered acoustic beams, enabling the counter flow or on-demand flow of these bacteria in the vasculature of live mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the aggregation efficiency of engineering bacteria in a tumour is improved by utilizing this technology. This study provides a platform for the in-vivo manipulation of live cells, which will promote the progress of cell-based biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yaozhang Yang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518132, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dingyuan Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minqiao Lu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiqing Huang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongchuan Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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32
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Gong L, Cretella A, Lin Y. Microfluidic systems for particle capture and release: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115426. [PMID: 37276636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has emerged as a promising tool in various applications, including biosensing, disease diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. One of the notable features of microfluidic devices is their ability to selectively capture and release specific cells, biomolecules, bacteria, and particles. Compared to traditional bulk analysis instruments, microfluidic capture-and-release platforms offer several advantages, such as contactless operation, label-free detection, high accuracy, good sensitivity, and minimal reagent requirements. However, despite significant efforts dedicated to developing innovative capture mechanisms in the past, the release and recovery efficiency of trapped particles have often been overlooked. Many previous studies have focused primarily on particle capture techniques and their efficiency, disregarding the crucial role of successful particle release for subsequent analysis. In reality, the ability to effectively release trapped particles is particularly essential to ensure ongoing, high-throughput analysis. To address this gap, this review aims to highlight the importance of both capture and release mechanisms in microfluidic systems and assess their effectiveness. The methods are classified into two categories: those based on physical principles and those using biochemical approaches. Furthermore, the review offers a comprehensive summary of recent applications of microfluidic platforms specifically designed for particle capture and release. It outlines the designs and performance of these devices, highlighting their advantages and limitations in various target applications and purposes. Finally, the review concludes with discussions on the current challenges faced in the field and presents potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Gong
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Andrew Cretella
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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33
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Wang S, Wang X, You F, Li Y, Xiao H. A Real Time Method Based on Deep Learning for Reconstructing Holographic Acoustic Fields from Phased Transducer Arrays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1108. [PMID: 37374693 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Phased transducer arrays (PTA) can control ultrasonic waves to produce a holographic acoustic field. However, obtaining the phase of the corresponding PTA from a given holographic acoustic field is an inverse propagation problem, which is a mathematically unsolvable nonlinear system. Most of the existing methods use iterative methods, which are complex and time-consuming. To better solve this problem, this paper proposed a novel method based on deep learning to reconstruct the holographic sound field from PTA. For the imbalance and randomness of the focal point distribution in the holographic acoustic field, we constructed a novel neural network structure incorporating attention mechanisms to focus on useful focal point information in the holographic sound field. The results showed that the transducer phase distribution obtained from the neural network fully supports the PTA to generate the corresponding holographic sound field, and the simulated holographic sound field can be reconstructed with high efficiency and quality. The method proposed in this paper has the advantage of real-time performance that is difficult to achieve by traditional iterative methods and has the advantage of higher accuracy compared with the novel AcousNet methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
| | - Fucheng You
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
| | - Han Xiao
- College of Information Engineering, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102627, China
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34
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Tang X, Yang Y, Zheng M, Yin T, Huang G, Lai Z, Zhang B, Chen Z, Xu T, Ma T, Pan H, Cai L. Magnetic-Acoustic Sequentially Actuated CAR T Cell Microrobots for Precision Navigation and In Situ Antitumor Immunoactivation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211509. [PMID: 36807373 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite its clinical success, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell immunotherapy remains limited in solid tumors, owing to the harsh physical barriers and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Here a CAR-T-cell-based live microrobot (M-CAR T) is created by decorating CAR T with immunomagnetic beads using click conjugation. M-CAR Ts are capable of magnetic-acoustic actuation for precision targeting and in situ activation of antitumor immune responses. Sequential actuation endows M-CAR Ts with magnetically actuated anti-flow and obstacle avoidance as well as tissue penetration driven by acoustic propulsion, enabling efficient migration and accumulation in artificial tumor models. In vivo, sequentially actuated M-CAR Ts achieves long-distance targeting and accumulate at the peritumoural area under programmable magnetic guidance, and subsequently acoustic tweezers actuate M-CAR Ts to migrate into deep tumor tissues, resulting in a 6.6-fold increase in accumulated exogenous CD8+ CAR T cells compared with that without actuation. Anti-CD3/CD28 immunomagnetic beads stimulate infiltrated CAR T proliferation and activation in situ, significantly enhancing their antitumor efficacy. Thus, this sequential-actuation-guided cell microrobot combines the merits of autonomous targeting and penetration of intelligent robots with in situ T-cell immunoactivation, and holds considerable promise for precision navigation and cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ye Yang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mingbin Zheng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Key Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Guojun Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyu Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ze Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Hong Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lintao Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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35
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McNeill JM, Choi YC, Cai YY, Guo J, Nadal F, Kagan CR, Mallouk TE. Three-Dimensionally Complex Phase Behavior and Collective Phenomena in Mixtures of Acoustically Powered Chiral Microspinners. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7911-7919. [PMID: 37022928 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The process of dynamic self-organization of small building blocks is fundamental to the emergent function of living systems and is characteristic of their out-of-equilibrium homeostasis. The ability to control the interactions of synthetic particles in large groups could lead to the realization of analogous macroscopic robotic systems with microscopic complexity. Rotationally induced self-organization has been observed in biological systems and modeled theoretically, but studies of fast, autonomously moving synthetic rotors remain rare. Here, we report switchable, out-of-equilibrium hydrodynamic assembly and phase separation in suspensions of acoustically powered chiral microspinners. Semiquantitative modeling suggests that three-dimensionally (3D) complex spinners interact through viscous and weakly inertial (streaming) flows. The interactions between spinners were studied over a range of densities to construct a phase diagram, which included gaseous dimer pairing at low density, collective rotation and multiphase separation at intermediate densities, and ultimately jamming at high density. The 3D chirality of the spinners leads to self-organization in parallel planes, forming a three-dimensionally hierarchical system that goes beyond the 2D systems that have so far been modeled computationally. Dense mixtures of spinners and passive tracer particles also show active-passive phase separation. These observations are consistent with recent theoretical predictions of the hydrodynamic coupling between rotlets generated by autonomous spinners and provide an exciting experimental window to the study of colloidal active matter and microrobotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M McNeill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yun Chang Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jiacen Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - François Nadal
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thomas E Mallouk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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36
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Yuan Z, Lu C, Liu C, Bai X, Zhao L, Feng S, Liu Y. Ultrasonic tweezer for multifunctional droplet manipulation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2352. [PMID: 37075108 PMCID: PMC10115404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporally controllable droplet manipulation is essential in diverse applications, ranging from thermal management to microfluidics and water harvesting. Despite considerable advances, droplet manipulation without surface or droplet pretreatment is still challenging in terms of response and functional adaptability. Here, a droplet ultrasonic tweezer (DUT) based on phased array is proposed for versatile droplet manipulation. The DUT can generate a twin trap ultrasonic field at the focal point for trapping and maneuvering the droplet by changing the position of the focal point, which enables a highly flexible and precise programmable control. By leveraging the acoustic radiation force resulting from the twin trap, the droplet can pass through a confined slit 2.5 times smaller than its own size, cross a slope with an inclination up to 80°, and even reciprocate in the vertical direction. These findings provide a satisfactory paradigm for robust contactless droplet manipulation in various practical settings including droplet ballistic ejection, droplet dispensing, and surface cleaning.
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37
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Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Li X, Wang Y. Acoustic tweezers using bisymmetric coherent surface acoustic waves for dynamic and reconfigurable manipulation of particle multimers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 643:115-123. [PMID: 37058887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The accurate and dynamic manipulation of multiple micro-sized objects has always been a technical challenge in areas of colloid assembly, tissue engineering, and organ regeneration. The hypothesis of this paper is the precise modulation and parallel manipulation of morphology of individual and multiple colloidal multimers can be achieved by customizing acoustic field. EXPERIMENTS Herein, we present a colloidal multimer manipulation method by using acoustic tweezers with bisymmetric coherent surface acoustic waves (SAWs), which enables contactless morphology modulation of individual colloidal multimers and patterning arrays by regulating the shape of acoustic field to specific desired distributions with high accuracy. Rapid switching of multimer patterning arrays, morphology modulation of individual multimers, and controllable rotation can be achieved by regulating coherent wave vector configurations and phase relations in real time. FINDINGS To demonstrate the capabilities of this technology, we have firstly achieved eleven patterns of deterministic morphology switching for single hexamer and precise switching between three array modes. In addition, the assembly of multimers with three kinds of specific widths and controllable rotation of single multimers and arrays were demonstrated from 0 to 22.4 rpm (tetramers). Therefore, this technique enables reversible assembly and dynamic manipulation of particles and/or cells in colloid synthesis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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38
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Reardon G, Dandu B, Shao Y, Visell Y. Shear shock waves mediate haptic holography via focused ultrasound. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf2037. [PMID: 36857456 PMCID: PMC9977172 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Emerging holographic haptic interfaces focus ultrasound in air to enable their users to touch, feel, and manipulate three-dimensional virtual objects. However, current holographic haptic systems furnish tactile sensations that are diffuse and faint, with apparent spatial resolutions that are far coarser than would be theoretically predicted from acoustic focusing. Here, we show how the effective spatial resolution and dynamic range of holographic haptic displays are determined by ultrasound-driven elastic wave transport in soft tissues. Using time-resolved optical imaging and numerical simulations, we show that ultrasound-based holographic displays excite shear shock wave patterns in the skin. The spatial dimensions of these wave patterns can exceed nominal focal dimensions by more than an order of magnitude. Analyses of data from behavioral and vibrometry experiments indicate that shock formation diminishes perceptual acuity. For holographic haptic displays to attain their potential, techniques for circumventing shock wave artifacts, or for exploiting these phenomena, are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Reardon
- Biological Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Media Arts and Technology Program, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Bharat Dandu
- Biological Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Media Arts and Technology Program, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yitian Shao
- Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yon Visell
- Biological Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Media Arts and Technology Program, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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39
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Wu D, Baresch D, Cook C, Ma Z, Duan M, Malounda D, Maresca D, Abundo MP, Lee J, Shivaei S, Mittelstein DR, Qiu T, Fischer P, Shapiro MG. Biomolecular actuators for genetically selective acoustic manipulation of cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9186. [PMID: 36812320 PMCID: PMC9946353 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to physically manipulate specific cells is critical for the fields of biomedicine, synthetic biology, and living materials. Ultrasound has the ability to manipulate cells with high spatiotemporal precision via acoustic radiation force (ARF). However, because most cells have similar acoustic properties, this capability is disconnected from cellular genetic programs. Here, we show that gas vesicles (GVs)-a unique class of gas-filled protein nanostructures-can serve as genetically encodable actuators for selective acoustic manipulation. Because of their lower density and higher compressibility relative to water, GVs experience strong ARF with opposite polarity to most other materials. When expressed inside cells, GVs invert the cells' acoustic contrast and amplify the magnitude of their ARF, allowing the cells to be selectively manipulated with sound waves based on their genotype. GVs provide a direct link between gene expression and acoustomechanical actuation, opening a paradigm for selective cellular control in a broad range of contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Diego Baresch
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, I2M, UMR 5295, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Colin Cook
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Zhichao Ma
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mengtong Duan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Dina Malounda
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Maresca
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Maria P. Abundo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Shirin Shivaei
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David R. Mittelstein
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tian Qiu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, INF 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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40
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Melde K, Kremer H, Shi M, Seneca S, Frey C, Platzman I, Degel C, Schmitt D, Schölkopf B, Fischer P. Compact holographic sound fields enable rapid one-step assembly of matter in 3D. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6182. [PMID: 36753553 PMCID: PMC9908023 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic waves exert forces when they interact with matter. Shaping ultrasound fields precisely in 3D thus allows control over the force landscape and should permit particulates to fall into place to potentially form whole 3D objects in "one shot." This is promising for rapid prototyping, most notably biofabrication, since conventional methods are typically slow and apply mechanical or chemical stress on biological cells. Here, we realize the generation of compact holographic ultrasound fields and demonstrate the one-step assembly of matter using acoustic forces. We combine multiple holographic fields that drive the contactless assembly of solid microparticles, hydrogel beads, and biological cells inside standard labware. The structures can be fixed via gelation of the surrounding medium. In contrast to previous work, this approach handles matter with positive acoustic contrast and does not require opposing waves, supporting surfaces or scaffolds. We envision promising applications of 3D holographic ultrasound fields in tissue engineering and additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Melde
- Micro, Nano and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Kremer
- Empirical Inference Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Max-Planck-Ring 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Minghui Shi
- Micro, Nano and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Senne Seneca
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Frey
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilia Platzman
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Degel
- Technical Ultrasound Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ensheimer Straße 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Technical Ultrasound Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Ensheimer Straße 48, 66386 St. Ingbert, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schölkopf
- Empirical Inference Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Max-Planck-Ring 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peer Fischer
- Micro, Nano and Molecular Systems Group, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Huang J, Ren X, Zhou Q, Zhou J, Xu Z. Flexible acoustic lens-based surface acoustic wave device for manipulation and directional transport of micro-particles. ULTRASONICS 2023; 128:106865. [PMID: 36260963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics is an emerging technology that is playing increasingly important roles in biomedical and pharmaceutical research and development. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have been combined with microfluidics technology to establish a SAW-based microfluidics technology that uses the unique interaction between the two techniques to manipulate substances effectively in fluids on the surface of a substrate. This paper reports a method to generate SAWs using conventional planar ultrasonic transducers and acoustic lenses. Additionally, this method is introduced to manipulate particles effectively on a substrate surface. It is demonstrated that the particle positions can be manipulated precisely in any direction on the substrate surface, thus enabling high-precision particle manipulation. We also proposed the generation of nonplanar SAWs via appropriate design of the acoustic lens and realized directional particle transport. In addition, structures to enhance forward-propagating acoustic beams are proposed. The proposed method has potential for use in microfluidics and biomedical applications, allowing tasks such as flexible cell manipulation on a chip to be performed without complex design or micromachining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuemei Ren
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qinxin Zhou
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Junhe Zhou
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, PR China.
| | - Zheng Xu
- Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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42
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Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Han S, Wang Y. Bisymmetric coherent acoustic tweezers based on modulation of surface acoustic waves for dynamic and reconfigurable cluster manipulation of particles and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:215-228. [PMID: 36420975 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers based on surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have raised great interest in the fields of tissue engineering, targeted therapy, and drug delivery. Generally, the complex structure and array layout design of interdigital electrodes would restrict the applications of acoustic tweezers. Here, we present a novel approach by using bisymmetric coherent acoustic tweezers to modulate the shape of acoustic pressure fields with high flexibility and accuracy. Experimental tests were conducted to perform the precise, contactless, and biocompatible cluster manipulation of polystyrene microparticles and yeast cells. Stripe, dot, quadratic lattice, hexagonal lattice, interleaved stripe, oblique stripe, and many other complex arrays were achieved by real-time modulation of amplitudes and phase relations of coherent SAWs to demonstrate the capability of the device for the cluster manipulation of particles and cells. Furthermore, rapid switching among various arrays, shape regulation, geometric parameter modulation of array units, and directional translation of microparticles and cells were implemented. This study demonstrated a favorable technique for flexible and versatile manipulation and patterning of cells and biomolecules, and it has the advantages of high manipulation accuracy and adjustability, thus it is expected to be utilized in the fields of targeted cellular assembly, biological 3D printing, and targeted release of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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43
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Cai G, Xu F, Chen B, Li X, Huang J, Mi S. Variable-position centrifugal platform achieves droplet manipulation and logic circuitries on-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:349-361. [PMID: 36606538 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00761d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taking information as material to realize non-electronic physical computing is a promising idea, which facilitates the integration of technologies in different fields such as chemistry, biology, and mechanical control into a new computing platform. Here, we propose a novel, efficient and robust manipulation platform that drives droplet computing by way of inertial force. Combining this with droplet flow path design, we demonstrated multiple basic functions of droplet manipulation, including storage, dosing, interrupts, controllable release and addressing. These basic functions without external control lay the foundation for the realization of droplet calculation. We developed AND, OR, and XOR logic gates of the "liquid circuit" and combined them into a binary adder, which successfully completed the addition of four-digit binary numbers through droplet movement. Moreover, we attempted to perform algorithmic design for biological information under the control of droplets based on synchronous logical operations, developing the possibility of biological applications. This programmable physical computing system exists independently of electronic computing, aiming to supplement and expand the computing methods outside the field of electronic technology and to open a new method for the algorithmic operation of materials after combining new physical computing technologies such as biological or chemical computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangpei Cai
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bailiang Chen
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Huang
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengli Mi
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China
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44
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McDonald MN, Peterson CK, Tree DR. Steering particles via micro-actuation of chemical gradients using model predictive control. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:014107. [PMID: 36742353 PMCID: PMC9894658 DOI: 10.1063/5.0126690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems rely on chemical gradients to direct motion through both chemotaxis and signaling, but synthetic approaches for doing the same are still relatively naïve. Consequently, we present a novel method for using chemical gradients to manipulate the position and velocity of colloidal particles in a microfluidic device. Specifically, we show that a set of spatially localized chemical reactions that are sufficiently controllable can be used to steer colloidal particles via diffusiophoresis along an arbitrary trajectory. To accomplish this, we develop a control method for steering colloidal particles with chemical gradients using nonlinear model predictive control with a model based on the unsteady Green's function solution of the diffusion equation. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach using Brownian dynamics simulations that steer single particles along paths, such as circle, square, and figure-eight. We subsequently compare our results with published techniques for steering colloids using electric fields, and we provide an analysis of the physical parameter space where our approach is useful. Based on these findings, we conclude that it is theoretically possible to explicitly steer particles via chemical gradients in a microfluidics paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark N. McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Cameron K. Peterson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Douglas R. Tree
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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45
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Martinez-Marchese A, Ansari M, Wang M, Marzo A, Toyserkani E. On the application of sound radiation force for focusing of powder stream in directed energy deposition. ULTRASONICS 2023; 127:106830. [PMID: 36137466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges in directed energy deposition via powder feeding (DED-PF) is the powder stream divergence that results in low catchment efficiency (i.e., the fraction of particles added to the melt pool). This article introduces a new ultrasound-based powder focusing method referred to as ultrasound particle lensing (UPL), tailored for powder used in DED-PF. The method uses an ultrasound phased array to produce a small volume of high-intensity ultrasound with the required period averaged sound intensity profile. UPL was used to acoustically focus streams of Ti64 and SS 316L particles with an average size of 89μm and a particle speed of 0.6 m/s, exiting from a DED-PF nozzle analog. The e-1 powder stream widths downstream of the resulting force fields for both materials were reduced by 30%. The experimental results closely match Lagrangian and Eulerian simulations of the process. This novel setup offers the possibility of fast control of the powder stream divergence angle and effective diameter in the process zone during the DED-PF process. This will in turn improve the feature resolution and catchment efficiency of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez-Marchese
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada.
| | - M Ansari
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - M Wang
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
| | - A Marzo
- UPNA Lab, Department of Mathematics and Computer Engineering, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, 31006, Spain
| | - E Toyserkani
- Multi-Scale Additive Manufacturing Lab, Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, ON, Canada
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46
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A reinforced CenterNet scheme on position detection of acoustic levitated objects. Neural Comput Appl 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-08140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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47
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Lossless enrichment of trace analytes in levitating droplets for multiphase and multiplex detection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7807. [PMID: 36528683 PMCID: PMC9759559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrating a trace amount of molecules from liquids, solid objects, or the gas phase and delivering them to a localized area are crucial for almost any trace analyte detection device. Analytes within a liquid droplet resting on micro/nanostructured surfaces with liquid-repellent coatings can be concentrated during solvent evaporation. However, these coatings suffer from complex manufacturing procedures, poor versatility, and limited analyte enrichment efficiency. Here, we report on the use of an acoustic levitation platform to losslessly concentrate the analyte molecules dissolved in any volatile liquid, attached to solid objects, or spread in air. Gold nanoparticles can be simultaneously concentrated with the analytes in different phases, realizing sensitive, surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection even at attomolar (10-18 mol/L) concentration levels. The acoustic levitation platform-enabled, lossless analyte enrichment can significantly increase the analytical performance of many conventional microsensing techniques.
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48
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Lee MH, Lew HM, Youn S, Kim T, Hwang JY. Deep Learning-Based Framework for Fast and Accurate Acoustic Hologram Generation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:3353-3366. [PMID: 36331635 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3219401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic holography has been gaining attention for various applications, such as noncontact particle manipulation, noninvasive neuromodulation, and medical imaging. However, only a few studies on how to generate acoustic holograms have been conducted, and even conventional acoustic hologram algorithms show limited performance in the fast and accurate generation of acoustic holograms, thus hindering the development of novel applications. We here propose a deep learning-based framework to achieve fast and accurate acoustic hologram generation. The framework has an autoencoder-like architecture; thus, the unsupervised training is realized without any ground truth. For the framework, we demonstrate a newly developed hologram generator network, the holographic ultrasound generation network (HU-Net), which is suitable for unsupervised learning of hologram generation, and a novel loss function that is devised for energy-efficient holograms. Furthermore, for considering various hologram devices (i.e., ultrasound transducers), we propose a physical constraint (PC) layer. Simulation and experimental studies were carried out for two different hologram devices, such as a 3-D printed lens, attached to a single element transducer, and a 2-D ultrasound array. The proposed framework was compared with the iterative angular spectrum approach (IASA) and the state-of-the-art (SOTA) iterative optimization method, Diff-PAT. In the simulation study, our framework showed a few hundred times faster generation speed, along with comparable or even better reconstruction quality, than those of IASA and Diff-PAT. In the experimental study, the framework was validated with 3-D printed lenses fabricated based on different methods, and the physical effect of the lenses on the reconstruction quality was discussed. The outcomes of the proposed framework in various cases (i.e., hologram generator networks, loss functions, and hologram devices) suggest that our framework may become a very useful alternative tool for other existing acoustic hologram applications, and it can expand novel medical applications.
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49
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Wang S, Gao Z, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Huang J, Wang B, Lei S, Tan Q, Liu D, Guo L, Song Y, Liu J, Ma T, Tian Y. Sonodynamic Therapy With Concentric Ultrasound Imaging Array for Precision Theranostics for Atherosclerotic Plaque. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:3270-3283. [PMID: 36269912 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3215436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major cause of human disability and mortality. Our previous study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on atherosclerotic plaques. However, traditional single-element therapeutic transducer has single acoustic field, and positioning therapeutic and imaging transducers in the same position is difficult during ultrasound imaging-guided SDT. Continuously changing the position of transducers to intervene lesions in different positions is required, increasing the difficulty of treatment. Thus, an SDT device with precise theranostics is required. Therefore, we designed and fabricated a "concentric ultrasound transducer for theranostics" (CUST-T), comprising a central 8-MHz linear array transducer for ultrasound imaging, and a peripheral 1-MHz hollow two-dimensional (2-D) planar array transducer for generating phased-array focused ultrasound (PAFUS). The CUST-T exhibited high imaging resolution at a distance of up to 20 mm from the transducer and could generate a personalized complex PAFUS acoustic field to match various lesions. In vitro biomedical results showed that PAFUS-SDT induced RAW264.7-derived foam cell apoptosis leading to a targeting field apoptotic rate 4.36-6.24 times that of the nontargeting field and the significant apoptotic region was consistent with the PAFUS acoustic field. In vivo, PAFUS-SDT guided by ultrasound imaging significantly increased the lumen area ( ) and collagen level ( ), whereas the wall thickness ( ) and lipid content ( ) of rabbit femoral artery were reduced. In conclusion, CUST-T provided image guidance sufficient for accurate SDT for atherosclerotic plaques in peripheral arteries and could be applied in clinical practice.
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50
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Wu Z, Pan M, Wang J, Wen B, Lu L, Ren H. Acoustofluidics for cell patterning and tissue engineering. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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