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Chen S, Lei Z, Sun T. The critical role of miRNA in bacterial zoonosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 143:113267. [PMID: 39374566 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
The public's health and the financial sustainability of international societies remain threatened by bacterial zoonoses, with limited reliable diagnostic and therapeutic options available for bacterial diseases. Bacterial infections influence mammalian miRNA expression in host-pathogen interactions. In order to counteract bacterial infections, miRNAs participate in gene-specific expression and play important regulatory roles that rely on translational inhibition and target gene degradation by binding to the 3' non-coding region of target genes. Intriguingly, according to current studies, that exogenous miRNAs derived from plants could potentially serve as effective medicinal components sourced from traditional Chinese medicine plants. These exogenous miRNAs exhibit stable functionality in mammals and mimic the regulatory roles of endogenous miRNAs, illuminating the molecular processes behind the therapeutic effects of plants. This review details the immune defense mechanisms of inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy and cell cycle disturbance caused by some typical bacterial infections, summarizes the role of some mammalian miRNAs in regulating these mechanisms, and introduces the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in detail. Evidence suggests that this newly discovered immune defense mechanism in mammalian cells can also be affected by miRNAs. Meanwhile, some examples of transboundary regulation of mammalian mRNA and even bacterial diseases by exogenous miRNAs from plants are also summarized. This viewpoint provides fresh understanding of microbial tactics and host mechanisms in the management of bacterial illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Disease, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhixin Lei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Disease, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Disease, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China.
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2
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Tian K, Xu W, Chen M, Deng F. miR-155 promotes Th17 differentiation by targeting FOXP3 to aggravate inflammation in MRSA pneumonia. Cytokine 2024; 180:156662. [PMID: 38824863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous researches have clarified that miR-155 is increased in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia, and modulates Th9 differentiation. Like Th9 cells, Th17 cells were also a subset of CD4+ T cells and involved in MRSA pneumonia progression. This work aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-155 in Th17 differentiation. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from children with MRSA pneumonia and bronchial foreign bodies. MRSA-infected murine model was established followed by collecting BALF and lung tissues. qRT-PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry were performed to examine the mRNA expression and concentration of IL-17 and the number of Th17 cells in above samples. HE and ELISA were used to evaluate inflammatory responses in lung. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells were isolated from BALF of children for in vitro experiments. After treatments with miR-155 mimic/inhibitor, the roles of miR-155 in Th17/IL-17 regulation were determined. The downstream of miR-155 was explored by qRT-PCR, western blotting, dual luciferase reporter analysis and RIP assay. RESULTS The levels of IL-17 and the proportion of Th17 cells were increased in children with MRSA pneumonia. A similar pattern was observed in MRSA-infected mice. On the contrary, IL-17 neutralization abolished the activation of Th17/IL-17 induced by MRSA infection. Furthermore, IL-17 blockade diminished the inflammation caused by MRSA. In vitro experiments demonstrated miR-155 positively regulated IL-17 expression and Th17 differentiation. Mechanistically, FOXP3 was a direct target of miR-155. miR-155 inhibited FOXP3 level via binding between FOXP3 and Argonaute 2 (AGO2), the key component of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). FOXP3 overexpression reversed elevated IL-17 levels and Th17 differentiation induced by miR-155. CONCLUSIONS miR-155 facilitates Th17 differentiation by reducing FOXP3 through interaction of AGO2 and FOXP3 to promote the pathogenesis of MRSA pneumonia. IL-17 blockade weakens the inflammation due to MRSA, which provides a nonantibiotic treatment strategy for MRSA pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyin Tian
- Children's Medical Center of Anhui Medical University, Department of Pediatric nephrology, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China; The Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric emergency, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric emergency, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China
| | - Mingxiao Chen
- Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric emergency, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Children's Medical Center of Anhui Medical University, Department of Pediatric nephrology, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China; The Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric nephrology, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China.
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3
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Basil MC, Alysandratos KD, Kotton DN, Morrisey EE. Lung repair and regeneration: Advanced models and insights into human disease. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:439-454. [PMID: 38492572 PMCID: PMC11070171 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The respiratory system acts as both the primary site of gas exchange and an important sensor and barrier to the external environment. The increase in incidences of respiratory disease over the past decades has highlighted the importance of developing improved therapeutic approaches. This review will summarize recent research on the cellular complexity of the mammalian respiratory system with a focus on gas exchange and immunological defense functions of the lung. Different models of repair and regeneration will be discussed to help interpret human and animal data and spur the investigation of models and assays for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Basil
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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4
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Zhang Z, Jin H, Zhang X, Bai M, Zheng K, Tian J, Deng B, Mao L, Qiu P, Huang B. Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences among COVID-19, influenza, and HIV on the regulation of gene expression. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369311. [PMID: 38601162 PMCID: PMC11004287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a infectious disease, coexisting with widespread seasonal and sporadic influenza epidemics globally. Individuals living with HIV, characterized by compromised immune systems, face an elevated risk of severe outcomes and increased mortality when affected by COVID-19. Despite this connection, the molecular intricacies linking COVID-19, influenza, and HIV remain unclear. Our research endeavors to elucidate the shared pathways and molecular markers in individuals with HIV concurrently infected with COVID-19 and influenza. Furthermore, we aim to identify potential medications that may prove beneficial in managing these three interconnected illnesses. Methods Sequencing data for COVID-19 (GSE157103), influenza (GSE185576), and HIV (GSE195434) were retrieved from the GEO database. Commonly expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across the three datasets, followed by immune infiltration analysis and diagnostic ROC analysis on the DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using GO/KEGG and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Hub genes were screened through a Protein-Protein Interaction networks (PPIs) analysis among DEGs. Analysis of miRNAs, transcription factors, drug chemicals, diseases, and RNA-binding proteins was conducted based on the identified hub genes. Finally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) expression verification was undertaken for selected hub genes. Results The analysis of the three datasets revealed a total of 22 shared DEGs, with the majority exhibiting an area under the curve value exceeding 0.7. Functional enrichment analysis with GO/KEGG and GSEA primarily highlighted signaling pathways associated with ribosomes and tumors. The ten identified hub genes included IFI44L, IFI44, RSAD2, ISG15, IFIT3, OAS1, EIF2AK2, IFI27, OASL, and EPSTI1. Additionally, five crucial miRNAs (hsa-miR-8060, hsa-miR-6890-5p, hsa-miR-5003-3p, hsa-miR-6893-3p, and hsa-miR-6069), five essential transcription factors (CREB1, CEBPB, EGR1, EP300, and IRF1), and the top ten significant drug chemicals (estradiol, progesterone, tretinoin, calcitriol, fluorouracil, methotrexate, lipopolysaccharide, valproic acid, silicon dioxide, cyclosporine) were identified. Conclusion This research provides valuable insights into shared molecular targets, signaling pathways, drug chemicals, and potential biomarkers for individuals facing the complex intersection of COVID-19, influenza, and HIV. These findings hold promise for enhancing the precision of diagnosis and treatment for individuals with HIV co-infected with COVID-19 and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Mei Bai
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Kexin Zheng
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Laboratory Department, Jinzhou Central Hospital, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lingling Mao
- Institute for Prevention and Control of Infection and Infectious Diseases, Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pengcheng Qiu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Yingkou Central Hospital, Yingkou, Liaoning, China
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5
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Zhang D, Pan F, Zhu M, Li N, Liu M. Exosomes derived miR-362 exacerbates pneumonia by increasing Interleukin-6 via targeting VENTX. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2298-2309. [PMID: 37334766 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a condition characterized by lung damage resulting from a robust immune response by the host. While the defense and immunity against bacterial lung infections have been extensively studied, little is known about the specific immune factors involved in the progression of bacterial pneumonia. To address this knowledge gap, our study aimed to compare normal lung tissues with pneumonia tissues using various techniques, including HE staining, RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, and Elisa assay. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in pneumonia tissues compared to normal lung tissues. To further investigate the underlying mechanism, we extracted exosomes from both pneumonia and normal lung tissues using ultracentrifugation. The exosomes were then examined using electron microscopy, diameter analysis, and western blot assay. RNA sequencing of the exosomes revealed an upregulation of several microRNAs (miRNAs), with miR-362 exhibiting the most significant change. This finding was confirmed through RT-PCR analysis conducted on lung tissues and alveolar lavage fluid. To gain insights into the specific target genes of miR-362, we employed bioinformatics analysis, which identified VENTX as a potential target gene. This finding was further validated through RT-PCR, western blot, and luciferase assay. Our experimental evidence demonstrated that miR-362 regulates VENTX expression, as evidenced by the use of miR-362 mimics or inhibitors on lung cells. Furthermore, we discovered that exosomes derived from pneumonia tissues upregulate IL-6 production through the miR-362/VENTX axis. Importantly, the blocking of IL-6 generation, which is facilitated by miR-362 inhibitor and VENTX overexpression lentivirus, can be achieved by treating exosomes. Moreover, we conducted in vivo experiments using pneumonia models. Rats were treated with IL-6, miR-362 mimics, or VENTX knock-down lentivirus. The results demonstrated a worse prognosis for rats treated with these factors, indicating their potential as prognostic markers. Taken together, our study suggests that exosomes facilitate IL-6 generation by transferring miR-362, thereby suppressing VENTX transcription. Consequently, the IL-6/miR-362/VENTX axis emerges as a promising therapeutic target for pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Zhang
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Zhu
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of General Practie, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Liu D, Xu C, Jiang L, Zhu X. Pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cell subpopulation: Physiology, pathogenesis, and progress. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2023; 3:38-51. [PMID: 36789358 PMCID: PMC9924023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lungs are structurally and functionally complex organs consisting of diverse cell types from the proximal to distal axis. They have direct contact with the external environment and are constantly at risk of various injuries. Capable to proliferate and differentiate, pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cells contribute to the maintenance of lung structure and function both under homeostasis and following injuries. Discovering candidate pulmonary endogenous progenitor stem cell types and underlying regenerative mechanisms provide insights into therapeutic strategy development for lung diseases. In this review, we reveal their compositions, roles in lung disease pathogenesis and injury repair, and the underlying mechanisms. We further underline the advanced progress in research approach and potential therapy for lung regeneration. We also demonstrate the feasibility and prospects of pulmonary endogenous stem cell transplantation for lung disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chufan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Navy Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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7
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Yang H. Silencing of Long Non-coding RNA H19 Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Apoptosis and Inflammation Injury by Regulating miR-140-5p/TLR4 Axis in Cell Models of Pneumonia. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:275-284. [PMID: 35392782 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220407100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mounting studies have clarified the link between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and pneumonia. This research aims to probe the function and regulatory mechanism of lncRNA H19 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell models of pneumonia. METHODS WI-38 cells were exposed to LPS for 12 h to mimic cell models of pneumonia. The relative expression of H19, miR-140-5p, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The protein expression of apoptosis-associated proteins (Bax and Bcl-2) and TLR4 were determined by western blot. Moreover, the content of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The target relationship between miR- 140-5p and H19/ TLR4 was confirmed by Dual luciferase reporter (DLR) assay. RESULTS LncRNA H19 and TLR4 were up-regulated, while miR-140-5p was downregulated in peripheral blood of patients with pneumonia and LPS-treated WI-38 cells compared with their controls. Silencing of H19 or miR-140-5p mimics facilitated cell viability, whereas repressed apoptosis and reduced content of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-induced WI-38 cells. H19 targeted miR-140-5p and it inversely regulated miR-140- 5p expression. MiR-140-5p targeted TLR4 and it inversely regulated TLR4 expression. H19 positively regulated TLR4 expression. Moreover, inhibition of miR-140-5p or overexpression of TLR4 reversed the effects of H19 silencing on cell viability, inflammation, and apoptosis in LPS-induced WI-38 cells. CONCLUSION Silencing of H19 inhibited apoptosis and inflammation by miR-140- 5p/TLR4 pathway in LPS-induced WI-38 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Pediatric, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, 132011, China
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8
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Sun Z, Ke L, Zhao Q, Qu J, Hu Y, Gao H, Peng Z. The use of bioinformatics methods to identify the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses on the regulation of gene expression in patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098688. [PMID: 36911695 PMCID: PMC9992716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection is a respiratory infectious disease similar to influenza virus infection. Numerous studies have reported similarities and differences in the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and mortality between these two infections. However, the genetic effects of coronavirus and influenza viruses on the host that lead to these characteristics have rarely been reported. Methods COVID-19 (GSE157103) and influenza (GSE111368, GSE101702) datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Ominbus (GEO) database. Differential gene, gene set enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, gene regulatory network, and immune cell infiltration analyses were performed to identify the critical impact of COVID-19 and influenza viruses on the regulation of host gene expression. Results The number of differentially expressed genes in the COVID-19 patients was significantly higher than in the influenza patients. 22 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the COVID-19 and influenza datasets. The effects of the viruses on the regulation of host gene expression were determined using gene set enrichment and PPI network analyses. Five HUB genes were finally identified: IFI27, OASL, RSAD2, IFI6, and IFI44L. Conclusion We identified five HUB genes between COVID-19 and influenza virus infection, which might be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and influenza. This knowledge may also guide future mechanistic studies that aim to identify pathogen-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Ke
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiachen Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Curreri A, Sankholkar D, Mitragotri S, Zhao Z. RNA therapeutics in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10374. [PMID: 36684099 PMCID: PMC9842029 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics are being actively researched as a therapeutic modality in preclinical and clinical studies. They have become one of the most ubiquitously known and discussed therapeutics in recent years in part due to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Since the first approval in 1998, research on RNA therapeutics has progressed to discovering new therapeutic targets and delivery strategies to enhance their safety and efficacy. Here, we provide an overview of the current clinically relevant RNA therapeutics, mechanistic basis of their function, and strategies to improve their clinical use. We discuss the 17 approved RNA therapeutics and perform an in-depth analysis of the 222 ongoing clinical trials, with an emphasis on their respective mechanisms and disease areas. We also provide perspectives on the challenges for clinical translation of RNA therapeutics and suggest potential strategies to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Curreri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center Chicago Illinois USA
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10
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Zhou H, Qian Y, Liu J. MicroRNA-127 promotes anti-microbial ability in porcine alveolar macrophages via S1PR3/TLR signaling pathway. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e20. [PMID: 37012029 PMCID: PMC10071279 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Actinobacillus pleuropneumonniae (APP) infection causes considerable losses in the pig industry, there is a growing need to develop effective therapeutic interventions that leverage host immune defense mechanisms to combat these pathogens. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the role of microRNA (miR)-127 in controlling bacterial infection against APP. Moreover, to investigate a signaling pathway in macrophages that controls the production of anti-microbial peptides. METHODS Firstly, we evaluated the effect of miR-127 on APP-infected pigs by cell count/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then the impact of miR-127 on immune cells was detected. The cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of cytokines (anti-microbial peptides [AMPs]) was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of IL-6, TNF-α and p-P65 were analyzed by western blot. The expression of p65 in the immune cells was investigated by immunofluorescence. RESULTS miR-127 showed a protective effect on APP-infected macrophage. Moreover, the protective effect might depend on its regulation of macrophage bactericidal activity and the generation of IL-22, IL-17 and AMPs by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor3 (SIPR3), the element involved in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) cascades. CONCLUSIONS Together, we identify that miR-127 is a regulator of S1PR3 and then regulates TLR/nuclear factor-κB signaling in macrophages with anti-bacterial acticity, and it might be a potential target for treating inflammatory diseases caused by APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Zhou
- School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Yujia Qian
- Taizhou Jianyouda Pharma Co., LTD, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pet Science and Technology, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College Jiangsu 225300, China
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11
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Liu H, Zhu C, Mou C. Duplex-specific nuclease and Exo-III enzyme-assisted signal amplification cooperating DNA-templated silver nanoclusters for label-free and sensitive miRNA detection. J Anal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-022-00335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDevelopment of novel miRNA detection strategies plays a crucial role in fundamental research and clinical diagnosis of various diseases, such as infantile pneumonia. We herein develop a rapid and sensitive DNA-templated AgNCs-based miRNA detection approach, pinning the hope on an improved detection sensitivity in an easy-to-operate way. In the method, a hairpin probe is designed to specifically bind with target miRNA, and to initiate the DSN enzyme and Exo-III-assisted dual signal recycles. The resultant guanine-rich DNA sequences after signal amplification turn on the fluorescence of the dark AgNCs by hybridizing with the DNA template of the dark AgNCs. The generated signals are correlated with the amounts of target miRNA in the sensing system. Through a series of experiments, the established approach exhibits a great dynamic range of more than seven orders of magnitude with a low limit of detection of 245 aM, holding great promises for miRNA-related researches and disease diagnosis.
Graphical abstract
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12
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Ali M, LaCanna R, Lian Z, Huang J, Tan Y, Shao W, Yu X, Tian Y. Transcriptional responses to injury of regenerative lung alveolar epithelium. iScience 2022; 25:104843. [PMID: 35996586 PMCID: PMC9391595 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cell proliferation for lung alveolar epithelial homeostasis and regeneration after injury has been widely accepted. However, the heterogeneity of AT2 cell population for cell proliferation capacity remains disputed. By single-cell RNA sequencing and genetic lineage labeling using the Ki67 knock-in mouse model, we map all proliferative AT2 cells in homeostatic and regenerating murine lungs after injury induced by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. The proliferative AT2 cell population displays a unique transcriptional program, which is regulated by activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) transcription factors. Overexpression of these two transcription factors in AT2 cells promoted AT2 cell proliferation and improved lung function after injury. These results indicate that increased expression of ATF3 and THRA at the onset of lung epithelial regeneration is required to permit rapid AT2 cell proliferation and hence progression through the recovery of lung epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Zhaorui Lian
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Jian Huang
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Yinfei Tan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Wenna Shao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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13
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Zhang F, Zhou Y, Ding J. The current landscape of microRNAs (miRNAs) in bacterial pneumonia: opportunities and challenges. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:70. [PMID: 35986232 PMCID: PMC9392286 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which were initially discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans, can regulate gene expression by recognizing cognate sequences and interfering with the transcriptional or translational machinery. The application of bioinformatics tools for structural analysis and target prediction has largely driven the investigation of certain miRNAs. Notably, it has been found that certain miRNAs which are widely involved in the inflammatory response and immune regulation are closely associated with the occurrence, development, and outcome of bacterial pneumonia. It has been shown that certain miRNA techniques can be used to identify related targets and explore associated signal transduction pathways. This enhances the understanding of bacterial pneumonia, notably for "refractory" or drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia. Although these miRNA-based methods may provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease, they still face various challenges, such as low sensitivity, poor specificity, low silencing efficiency, off-target effects, and toxic reactions. The opportunities and challenges of these methods have been completely reviewed, notably in bacterial pneumonia. With the continuous improvement of the current technology, the miRNA-based methods may surmount the aforementioned limitations, providing promising support for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of "refractory" or drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine On Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yunxin Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine On Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Junying Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research With Traditional Chinese Medicine On Infectious Diseases, Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
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14
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Ali M, Zhang X, LaCanna R, Tomar D, Elrod JW, Tian Y. MICU1-dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake regulates lung alveolar type 2 cell plasticity and lung regeneration. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154447. [PMID: 35050901 PMCID: PMC8876408 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells are progenitors for alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells. Although many factors regulate AT2 cell plasticity, the role of mitochondrial calcium (mCa2+) uptake in controlling AT2 cells remains unclear. We previously identified that the miR-302 family supports lung epithelial progenitor cell proliferation and less differentiated phenotypes during development. Here, we report that a sustained elevation of miR-302 in adult AT2 cells decreases AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation during the Streptococcus pneumoniae–induced lung injury repair. We identified that miR-302 targets and represses the expression of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake 1 (MICU1), which regulates mCa2+ uptake through the mCa2+ uniporter channel by acting as a gatekeeper at low cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Our results reveal a marked increase in MICU1 protein expression and decreased mCa2+ uptake during AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation in the adult lung. Deletion of Micu1 in AT2 cells reduces AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation during steady-state tissue maintenance and alveolar epithelial regeneration after bacterial pneumonia. These studies indicate that mCa2+ uptake is extensively modulated during AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation and that MICU1-dependent mCa2+ uniporter channel gating is a prominent mechanism modulating AT2-to-AT1 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Ali
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Ryan LaCanna
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - John W Elrod
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, United States of America
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15
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Papaioannou E, González-Molina MDP, Prieto-Muñoz AM, Gámez-Reche L, González-Martín A. Regulation of Adaptive Tumor Immunity by Non-Coding RNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225651. [PMID: 34830805 PMCID: PMC8616131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunology research has mainly focused on the role of protein-coding genes in regulating immune responses to tumors. However, despite more than 70% of the human genome is transcribed, less than 2% encodes proteins. Many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been identified as critical regulators of immune cell development and function, suggesting that they might play important roles in orchestrating immune responses against tumors. In this review, we summarize the scientific advances on the role of ncRNAs in regulating adaptive tumor immunity, and discuss their potential therapeutic value in the context of cancer immunotherapy.
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16
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Alveolar Regeneration in COVID-19 Patients: A Network Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011279. [PMID: 34681944 PMCID: PMC8538208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A viral infection involves entry and replication of viral nucleic acid in a host organism, subsequently leading to biochemical and structural alterations in the host cell. In the case of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection, over-activation of the host immune system may lead to lung damage. Albeit the regeneration and fibrotic repair processes being the two protective host responses, prolonged injury may lead to excessive fibrosis, a pathological state that can result in lung collapse. In this review, we discuss regeneration and fibrosis processes in response to SARS-CoV-2 and provide our viewpoint on the triggering of alveolar regeneration in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
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17
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Cao Z, Rosenkranz D, Wu S, Liu H, Pang Q, Zhang X, Liu B, Zhao B. Different classes of small RNAs are essential for head regeneration in the planarian Dugesia japonica. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:876. [PMID: 33287698 PMCID: PMC7722302 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Planarians reliably regenerate all body parts after injury, including a fully functional head and central nervous system. But until now, the expression dynamics and functional role of miRNAs and other small RNAs during the process of head regeneration are not well understood. Furthermore, little is known about the evolutionary conservation of the relevant small RNAs pathways, rendering it difficult to assess whether insights from planarians will apply to other taxa. RESULTS In this study, we applied high throughput sequencing to identify miRNAs, tRNA fragments and piRNAs that are dynamically expressed during head regeneration in Dugesia japonica. We further show that knockdown of selected small RNAs, including three novel Dugesia-specific miRNAs, during head regeneration induces severe defects including abnormally small-sized eyes, cyclopia and complete absence of eyes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a complex pool of small RNAs takes part in the process of head regeneration in Dugesia japonica and provide novel insights into global small RNA expression profiles and expression changes in response to head amputation. Our study reveals the evolutionary conserved role of miR-124 and brings further promising candidate small RNAs into play that might unveil new avenues for inducing restorative programs in non-regenerative organisms via small RNA mimics based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghong Cao
- grid.412509.b0000 0004 1808 3414School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo, 255049 People’s Republic of China
| | - David Rosenkranz
- grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Anthropology, Anselm-Franz-von-Bentzel-Weg 7, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Suge Wu
- grid.412509.b0000 0004 1808 3414School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo, 255049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- grid.412509.b0000 0004 1808 3414School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo, 255049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Pang
- grid.412509.b0000 0004 1808 3414School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo, 255049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Zhang
- grid.412509.b0000 0004 1808 3414School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo, 255049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohua Liu
- grid.412509.b0000 0004 1808 3414School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo, 255049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bosheng Zhao
- grid.412509.b0000 0004 1808 3414School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, 266 Xincun Western Road, Zibo, 255049 People’s Republic of China
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18
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Usefulness of circulating microRNAs miR-146a and miR-16-5p as prognostic biomarkers in community-acquired pneumonia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240926. [PMID: 33095833 PMCID: PMC7584179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) undergo a dysregulated host response that is related to mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in this response, but their expression pattern and their role as biomarkers in CAP have not been fully characterized. Methods A prospective observational study was performed in a cohort of 153 consecutive patients admitted to hospital with CAP. Clinical and analytical variables were collected, and the main outcome variable was 30-day mortality. Small RNA was purified from plasma of these patients obtained on the first day of admission, and miRNA expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out through the construction of a logistic regression model. The proposed model was compared with established prognostic clinical scales using ROC curve analysis. Results The mean age of the patients included was 74.7 years [SD 15.9]. Their mean PSI was 100.9 [SD 34.6] and the mean modified Charlson index was 2.9 [SD 3.0]. Both miR-146a and miR-16-5p showed statistically significant association with 30-day mortality after admission due to CAP (1.10 vs. 0.23 and 51.74 vs. 35.23, respectively), and this association remained for miR-16-5p in the multivariate analysis adjusted for age, gender and history of bronchoaspiration (OR 0.95, p = 0.021). The area-under-the-curve (AUC) of our adjusted multivariate model (AUC = 0.954 95%CI [0.91–0.99]), was better than those of prognostic scales such as PSI (AUC = 0.799 [0.69–0.91]) and CURB-65 (AUC = 0.722 [0.58–0.86]). Conclusions High levels of miR-146a-5p and miR-16-5p upon admission due to CAP are associated with lower mortality at 30 days of follow-up. Both miRNAs could be used as biomarkers of good prognosis in subjects hospitalized with CAP.
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19
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miRNAs in Lung Development and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082765. [PMID: 32316149 PMCID: PMC7216056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the lung involves a diverse group of molecules that regulate cellular processes, organ formation, and maturation. The various stages of lung development are marked by accumulation of small RNAs that promote or repress underlying mechanisms, depending on the physiological environment in utero and postnatally. To some extent, the pathogenesis of various lung diseases is regulated by small RNAs. In this review, we discussed miRNAs regulation of lung development and diseases, that is, COPD, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and also highlighted possible connotations for human lung health.
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20
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Liu X, Mao Y, Kang Y, He L, Zhu B, Zhang W, Lu Y, Wu Q, Xu D, Shi L. MicroRNA-127 Promotes Anti-microbial Host Defense through Restricting A20-Mediated De-ubiquitination of STAT3. iScience 2020; 23:100763. [PMID: 31958753 PMCID: PMC6992901 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing rising of multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has become a major public health concern, underscoring a pressing need for developing therapies essentially based on the understanding of host defensive mechanism. In the present study, we showed that microRNA (miR)-127 played a key role in controlling bacterial infection and conferred a profound protection against staphylococcal pneumonia. The protective effect of miR-127 was largely dependent on its regulation of macrophage bactericidal activity and the generation of IL-22, IL-17, and anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), the pathway primarily driven by STAT3. Importantly, we revealed that the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20, a genuine target of miR-127, specifically interacted with and repressed K63-ubiquitination of STAT3, thereby compromising its phosphorylation upon bacterial infection. Thus, our data not only identify miR-127 as a non-coding molecule with anti-bacterial activity but also delineate an unappreciated mechanism whereby A20 regulates STAT3-driven anti-microbial signaling via modulating its ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Kang
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Centers of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dakang Xu
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunoregulation, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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21
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Pang JKS, Phua QH, Soh BS. Applications of miRNAs in cardiac development, disease progression and regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:336. [PMID: 31752983 PMCID: PMC6868784 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the complex human heart is tightly regulated at multiple levels, maintaining multipotency and proliferative state in the embryonic cardiovascular progenitors and thereafter suppressing progenitor characteristics to allow for terminal differentiation and maturation. Small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) are at the level of post-transcriptional gene suppressors, which enhance the degradation or decay of their target protein-coding mRNAs. These miRNAs are known to play roles in a large number of biological events, cardiovascular development being no exception. A number of critical cardiac-specific miRNAs have been identified, of which structural developmental defects have been linked to dysregulation of miRNAs in the proliferating cardiac stem cells. These miRNAs present in the stem cell niche are lost when the cardiac progenitors terminally differentiate, resulting in the postnatal mitotic arrest of the heart. Therapeutic applications of these miRNAs extend to the realm of heart failure, whereby the death of heart cells in the ageing heart cannot be replaced due to the arrest of cell division. By utilizing miRNA therapy to control cell cycling, the regenerative potential of matured myocardium can be restored. This review will address the various cardiac progenitor-related miRNAs that control the development and proliferative potential of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Qian Hua Phua
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Disease Modeling and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore. .,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
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22
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Abstract
Oligonucleotides are small molecules 8-50 nucleotides in length that bind via Watson-Crick base pairing to enhance or repress the expression of target RNA. The use of oligonucleotides to manipulate gene expression in the kidney could be a valuable tool to further understand kidney pathophysiology and can serve as an important complement to genetic studies. This chapter serves as a primer on the use of oligonucleotides in the kidney. We provide an overview of the various ways that oligonucleotides can manipulate gene expression. In addition, we describe the advancements in the development of oligonucleotides for laboratory and clinical use. Finally, instruction is provided on the design and implementation of oligonucleotides for in vitro and in vivo laboratory studies.
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