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Piazza MK, Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. Ketamine induced synaptic plasticity operates independently of long-term potentiation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1758-1766. [PMID: 38898206 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity occurs via multiple mechanisms to regulate synaptic efficacy. Homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity are two such mechanisms by which neuronal synapses can be altered. Although these two processes are mechanistically distinct, they converge on downstream regulation of AMPA receptor activity to modify glutamatergic neurotransmission. However, much remains to be explored regarding how these two prominent forms of plasticity interact. Ketamine, a rapidly acting antidepressant, increases glutamatergic transmission via pharmacologically-induced homeostatic plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that Hebbian plasticity mechanisms are still intact in synapses that have undergone homeostatic scaling by ketamine after either systemic injection or perfusion onto hippocampal brain slices. We also investigated this relationship in the context of stress induced by chronic exposure to corticosterone (CORT) to better model the circumstances under which ketamine may be used as an antidepressant. We found that CORT induced an anhedonia-like behavioral phenotype in mice but did not impair long-term potentiation (LTP) induction. Furthermore, corticosterone exposure does not impact the intersection of homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity mechanisms, as synapses from CORT-exposed mice also demonstrated intact ketamine-induced plasticity and LTP in succession. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for how ketamine used for the treatment of depression does not impair the integrity of learning and memory processes encoded by mechanisms such as LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Piazza
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240-7933, USA.
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Wunsch AM, Hwang EK, Funke JR, Baker R, Moutier A, Milovanovic M, Green TA, Wolf ME. Retinoic acid-mediated homeostatic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens core contributes to incubation of cocaine craving. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06612-x. [PMID: 38935096 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06612-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Incubation of cocaine craving refers to the progressive intensification of cue-induced craving during abstinence from cocaine self-administration. We showed previously that homomeric GluA1 Ca2+-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPAR) accumulate in excitatory synapses of nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) medium spiny neurons (MSN) after ∼1 month of abstinence and thereafter their activation is required for expression of incubation. Therefore, it is important to understand mechanisms underlying CP-AMPAR plasticity. OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that CP-AMPAR upregulation represents a retinoic acid (RA)-dependent form of homeostatic plasticity, previously described in other brain regions, in which a reduction in neuronal activity disinhibits RA synthesis, leading to GluA1 translation and CP-AMPAR synaptic insertion. We tested this using viral vectors to bidirectionally manipulate RA signaling in NAcc during abstinence following extended-access cocaine self-administration. RESULTS We used shRNA targeted to the RA degradative enzyme Cyp26b1 to increase RA signaling. This treatment accelerated incubation; rats expressed incubation on abstinence day (AD) 15, when it is not yet detected in control rats. It also accelerated CP-AMPAR synaptic insertion measured with slice physiology. CP-AMPARs were detected in Cyp26b1 shRNA-expressing MSN, but not control MSN, on AD15-18. Next, we used shRNA targeted to the major RA synthetic enzyme Aldh1a1 to reduce RA signaling. In MSN expressing Aldh1a1 shRNA, synaptic CP-AMPARs were reduced in late withdrawal (AD42-60) compared to controls. However, we did not detect an effect of this manipulation on incubated cocaine seeking (AD40). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that increased RA signaling during abstinence contributes to CP-AMPAR accumulation and incubation of cocaine craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Wunsch
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97212, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Eun-Kyung Hwang
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97212, USA
| | - Jonathan R Funke
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97212, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Raines Baker
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97212, USA
- College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Alana Moutier
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97212, USA
- Yecuris Corporation, Tualatin, OR, 97062, USA
| | - Mike Milovanovic
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Thomas A Green
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Marina E Wolf
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97212, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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Yeo YG, Park J, Kim Y, Rah JC, Shin CH, Oh SJ, Jang JH, Lee Y, Yoon JH, Oh YS. Retinoic acid modulation of granule cell activity and spatial discrimination in the adult hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1379438. [PMID: 38694537 PMCID: PMC11061364 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1379438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), derived from vitamin A (retinol), plays a crucial role in modulating neuroplasticity within the adult brain. Perturbations in RA signaling have been associated with memory impairments, underscoring the necessity to elucidate RA's influence on neuronal activity, particularly within the hippocampus. In this study, we investigated the cell type and sub-regional distribution of RA-responsive granule cells (GCs) in the mouse hippocampus and delineated their properties. We discovered that RA-responsive GCs tend to exhibit a muted response to environmental novelty, typically remaining inactive. Interestingly, chronic dietary depletion of RA leads to an abnormal increase in GC activation evoked by a novel environment, an effect that is replicated by the localized application of an RA receptor beta (RARβ) antagonist. Furthermore, our study shows that prolonged RA deficiency impairs spatial discrimination-a cognitive function reliant on the hippocampus-with such impairments being reversible with RA replenishment. In summary, our findings significantly contribute to a better understanding of RA's role in regulating adult hippocampal neuroplasticity and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gwon Yeo
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongrak Park
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsub Kim
- Sensory and Motor Systems Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Sensory and Motor Systems Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Shin
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Oh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeok Jang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaebin Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Emotion, Cognition and Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Republic of Korea
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4
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Xie M, Kaiser M, Gershtein Y, Schnyder D, Deviatiiarov R, Gazizova G, Shagimardanova E, Zikmund T, Kerckhofs G, Ivashkin E, Batkovskyte D, Newton PT, Andersson O, Fried K, Gusev O, Zeberg H, Kaiser J, Adameyko I, Chagin AS. The level of protein in the maternal murine diet modulates the facial appearance of the offspring via mTORC1 signaling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2367. [PMID: 38531868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of craniofacial skeletal structures is fascinatingly complex and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms will not only provide novel scientific insights, but also help develop more effective clinical approaches to the treatment and/or prevention of the numerous congenital craniofacial malformations. To this end, we performed a genome-wide analysis of RNA transcription from non-coding regulatory elements by CAGE-sequencing of the facial mesenchyme of human embryos and cross-checked the active enhancers thus identified against genes, identified by GWAS for the normal range human facial appearance. Among the identified active cis-enhancers, several belonged to the components of the PI3/AKT/mTORC1/autophagy pathway. To assess the functional role of this pathway, we manipulated it both genetically and pharmacologically in mice and zebrafish. These experiments revealed that mTORC1 signaling modulates craniofacial shaping at the stage of skeletal mesenchymal condensations, with subsequent fine-tuning during clonal intercalation. This ability of mTORC1 pathway to modulate facial shaping, along with its evolutionary conservation and ability to sense external stimuli, in particular dietary amino acids, indicate that the mTORC1 pathway may play a role in facial phenotypic plasticity. Indeed, the level of protein in the diet of pregnant female mice influenced the activity of mTORC1 in fetal craniofacial structures and altered the size of skeletogenic clones, thus exerting an impact on the local geometry and craniofacial shaping. Overall, our findings indicate that the mTORC1 signaling pathway is involved in the effect of environmental conditions on the shaping of craniofacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xie
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Flemingsberg, Sweden
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Markéta Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yaakov Gershtein
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Schnyder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Guzel Gazizova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Elena Shagimardanova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tomáš Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Biomechanics Lab, Institute of Mechanics, Materials, and Civil Engineering (iMMC), UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Woluwe, Belgium
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division for Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evgeny Ivashkin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Developmental and Comparative Physiology, N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dominyka Batkovskyte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Phillip T Newton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Endocrinology Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Moscow, Russia
- Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hugo Zeberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrei S Chagin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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McMahon DG, Dowling JE. Neuromodulation: Actions of Dopamine, Retinoic Acid, Nitric Oxide, and Other Substances on Retinal Horizontal Cells. Eye Brain 2023; 15:125-137. [PMID: 37928979 PMCID: PMC10625386 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s420050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whereas excitation and inhibition of neurons are well understood, it is clear that neuromodulatory influences on neurons and their synapses play a major role in shaping neural activity in the brain. Memory and learning, emotional and other complex behaviors, as well as cognitive disorders have all been related to neuromodulatory mechanisms. A number of neuroactive substances including monoamines such as dopamine and neuropeptides have been shown to act as neuromodulators, but other substances thought to play very different roles in the body and brain act as neuromodulators, such as retinoic acid. We still understand little about how neuromodulatory substances exert their effects, and the present review focuses on how two such substances, dopamine and retinoic acid, exert their effects. The emphasis is on the underlying neuromodulatory mechanisms down to the molecular level that allow the second order bipolar cells and the output neurons of the retina, the ganglion cells, to respond to different environmental (ie lighting) conditions. The modulation described affects a simple circuit in the outer retina, involves several neuroactive substances and is surprisingly complex and not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G McMahon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - John E Dowling
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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6
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Almaguer J, Hindle A, Lawrence JJ. The Contribution of Hippocampal All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Deficiency to Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Overview of ATRA-Dependent Gene Expression in Post-Mortem Hippocampal Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1921. [PMID: 38001775 PMCID: PMC10669734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that vitamin A (VA) deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of VA in the brain, serves distinct roles in the human hippocampus. Agonists of retinoic acid receptors (RAR), including ATRA, promote activation of the non-amyloidogenic pathway by enhancing expression of α-secretases, providing a mechanistic basis for delaying/preventing amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity. However, whether ATRA is actually deficient in the hippocampi of patients with AD is not clear. Here, using a publicly available human transcriptomic dataset, we evaluated the extent to which ATRA-sensitive genes are dysregulated in hippocampal tissue from post-mortem AD brains, relative to age-matched controls. Consistent with ATRA deficiency, we found significant dysregulation of many ATRA-sensitive genes and significant upregulation of RAR co-repressors, supporting the idea of transcriptional repression of ATRA-mediated signaling. Consistent with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, Nrf2 and NfkB transcripts were upregulated, respectively. Interestingly, transcriptional targets of Nrf2 were not upregulated, accompanied by upregulation of several histone deacetylases. Overall, our investigation of ATRA-sensitive genes in the human hippocampus bolsters the scientific premise of ATRA depletion in AD and that epigenetic factors should be considered and addressed as part of VA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Almaguer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Ashly Hindle
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - J. Josh Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Garrison Institute on Aging, Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, and Center of Excellence for Integrated Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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7
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Duester G. Insufficient support for retinoic acid receptor control of synaptic plasticity through a non-genomic mechanism. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 71:101099. [PMID: 37647946 PMCID: PMC10840951 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that retinoic acid receptors (RARs) function as nuclear receptors that control gene expression in response to binding of the ligand retinoic acid (RA). However, some studies have proposed that RAR-alpha (RARa) controls synaptic plasticity via non-genomic effects outside the nucleus, i.e. effects on mRNA translation of GluA1, a sub-unit of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor. In order to support this non-genomic mechanism, studies have reported RARa knockout mice or treatment with pharmacological levels of RA and RAR antagonists to propose that RARa is required to control normal synaptic plasticity. A major shortcoming of the non-genomic hypothesis is that there have been no mutational studies showing that RARa can bind the GluA1 mRNA to control GLUA1 protein levels in a non-genomic manner. Also, without a genetic study that removes the endogenous ligand RA, it is impossible to conclude that RARa and its ligand RA control synaptic plasticity through a non-genomic signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Duester
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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8
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Otto LR, Clemens V, Üsekes B, Cosma NC, Regen F, Hellmann-Regen J. Retinoid homeostasis in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:67. [PMID: 36813763 PMCID: PMC9947135 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The small, hormone-like molecule retinoic acid (RA) is a vital regulator in several neurobiological processes that are affected in depression. Next to its involvement in dopaminergic signal transduction, neuroinflammation, and neuroendocrine regulation, recent studies highlight the role of RA in homeostatic synaptic plasticity and its link to neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, experimental studies and epidemiological evidence point to the dysregulation of retinoid homeostasis in depression. Based on this evidence, the present study investigated the putative link between retinoid homeostasis and depression in a cohort of 109 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. Retinoid homeostasis was defined by several parameters. Serum concentrations of the biologically most active Vitamin A metabolite, all-trans RA (at-RA), and its precursor retinol (ROL) were quantified and the individual in vitro at-RA synthesis and degradation activity was assessed in microsomes of peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC). Additionally, the mRNA expression of enzymes relevant to retinoid signaling, transport, and metabolism were assessed. Patients with MDD had significantly higher ROL serum levels and greater at-RA synthesis activity than healthy controls providing evidence of altered retinoid homeostasis in MDD. Furthermore, MDD-associated alterations in retinoid homeostasis differed between men and women. This study is the first to investigate peripheral retinoid homeostasis in a well-matched cohort of MDD patients and healthy controls, complementing a wealth of preclinical and epidemiological findings that point to a central role of the retinoid system in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rebecca Otto
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vera Clemens
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berk Üsekes
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Carmen Cosma
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Regen
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Hellmann-Regen
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section Clinical Neurobiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Cao B, Scherrer G, Chen L. Spinal cord retinoic acid receptor signaling gates mechanical hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain. Neuron 2022; 110:4108-4124.e6. [PMID: 36223767 PMCID: PMC9789181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Central sensitization caused by spinal disinhibition is a key mechanism of mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying spinal disinhibition after nerve injury remain unclear. Here, we show in mice that spared nerve injury (SNI), which induces mechanical hypersensitivity and neuropathic pain, triggers homeostatic reduction of inhibitory outputs from dorsal horn parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons onto both primary afferent terminals and excitatory interneurons. The reduction in inhibitory outputs drives hyperactivation of the spinal cord nociceptive pathway, causing mechanical hypersensitivity. We identified the retinoic acid receptor RARα, a central regulator of homeostatic plasticity, as the key molecular mediator for this synaptic disinhibition. Deletion of RARα in spinal PV+ neurons or application of an RARα antagonist in the spinal cord prevented the development of SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Our results identify RARα as a crucial molecular effector for neuropathic pain and a potential target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gregory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is a critical micronutrient required for the control of stem cell functions, cell differentiation, and cell metabolism in many different cell types, both during embryogenesis and in the adult organism. However, we must obtain vitamin A from food sources. Thus, the uptake and metabolism of vitamin A by intestinal epithelial cells, the storage of vitamin A in the liver, and the metabolism of vitamin A in target cells to more biologically active metabolites, such as retinoic acid (RA) and 4-oxo-RA, must be precisely regulated. Here, I will discuss the enzymes that metabolize vitamin A to RA and the cytochrome P450 Cyp26 family of enzymes that further oxidize RA. Because much progress has been made in understanding the regulation of ALDH1a2 (RALDH2) actions in the intestine, one focus of this review is on the metabolism of vitamin A in intestinal epithelial cells and dendritic cells. Another focus is on recent data that 4-oxo-RA is a ligand required for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cell dormancy and the important role of RARβ (RARB) in these stem cells. Despite this progress, many questions remain in this research area, which links vitamin A metabolism to nutrition, immune functions, developmental biology, and nuclear receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, and Revlon Pharmaceutical Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacology Department, and the Meyer Cancer Center of Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065
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11
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罗 兰, 佟 家, 李 璐, 金 沐. [Xenon post-conditioning protects against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by downregulating mTOR pathway and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuronal apoptosis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1256-1262. [PMID: 36073227 PMCID: PMC9458530 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.08.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether xenon post-conditioning affects mTOR signaling as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-apoptosis pathway in rats with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS Fifty male rats were randomized equally into sham-operated group (Sham group), I/R model group (I/R group), I/R model+ xenon post-conditioning group (Xe group), I/R model+rapamycin (a mTOR signaling pathway inhibitor) treatment group (I/R+ Rapa group), and I/R model + xenon post- conditioning with rapamycin treatment group (Xe + Rapa group).. In the latter 4 groups, SCIRI was induced by clamping the abdominal aorta for 85 min followed by reperfusion for 4 h. Rapamycin (or vehicle) was administered by daily intraperitoneal injection (4 mg/kg) for 3 days before SCIRI, and xenon post-conditioning by inhalation of 1∶1 mixture of xenon and oxygen for 1 h at 1 h after initiation of reperfusion; the rats without xenon post-conditioning were given inhalation of nitrogen and oxygen (1∶ 1). After the reperfusion, motor function and histopathologic changes in the rats were examined. Western blotting and real-time PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of GRP78, ATF6, IRE1α, PERK, mTOR, p-mTOR, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in the spinal cord. RESULTS The rats showed significantly lowered hind limb motor function following SCIRI (P < 0.01) with a decreased count of normal neurons, increased mRNA and protein expressions of GRP78, ATF6, IRE1α, PERK, and caspase-3, and elevated p-mTOR/mTOR ratio and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio (P < 0.01). Xenon post-conditioning significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of GRP78, ATF6, IRE1α, PERK and caspase-3 (P < 0.05 or 0.01) and reduced p-mTOR/mTOR and Bax/Bcl-2 ratios (P < 0.01) in rats with SCIRI; the mRNA contents and protein levels of GRP78 and ATF6 were significantly decreased in I/R+Rapa group (P < 0.01). Compared with those in Xe group, the rats in I/R+Rapa group and Xe+Rapa had significantly lowered BBB and Tarlov scores of the hind legs (P < 0.01), and caspase-3 protein level and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were significantly lowered in Xe+Rapa group (P < 0.05 or 0.01). CONCLUSION By inhibiting ERS and neuronal apoptosis, xenon post- conditioning may have protective effects against SCIRI in rats. The mTOR signaling pathway is partially involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- 兰 罗
- />首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院麻醉科,北京 100050Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - 家祺 佟
- />首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院麻醉科,北京 100050Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - 璐 李
- />首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院麻醉科,北京 100050Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - 沐 金
- />首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院麻醉科,北京 100050Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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12
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de Bartolomeis A, Vellucci L, Barone A, Manchia M, De Luca V, Iasevoli F, Correll CU. Clozapine's multiple cellular mechanisms: What do we know after more than fifty years? A systematic review and critical assessment of translational mechanisms relevant for innovative strategies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108236. [PMID: 35764175 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Almost fifty years after its first introduction into clinical care, clozapine remains the only evidence-based pharmacological option for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which affects approximately 30% of patients with schizophrenia. Despite the long-time experience with clozapine, the specific mechanism of action (MOA) responsible for its superior efficacy among antipsychotics is still elusive, both at the receptor and intracellular signaling level. This systematic review is aimed at critically assessing the role and specific relevance of clozapine's multimodal actions, dissecting those mechanisms that under a translational perspective could shed light on molecular targets worth to be considered for further innovative antipsychotic development. In vivo and in vitro preclinical findings, supported by innovative techniques and methods, together with pharmacogenomic and in vivo functional studies, point to multiple and possibly overlapping MOAs. To better explore this crucial issue, the specific affinity for 5-HT2R, D1R, α2c, and muscarinic receptors, the relatively low occupancy at dopamine D2R, the interaction with receptor dimers, as well as the potential confounder effects resulting in biased ligand action, and lastly, the role of the moiety responsible for lipophilic and alkaline features of clozapine are highlighted. Finally, the role of transcription and protein changes at the synaptic level, and the possibility that clozapine can directly impact synaptic architecture are addressed. Although clozapine's exact MOAs that contribute to its unique efficacy and some of its severe adverse effects have not been fully understood, relevant information can be gleaned from recent mechanistic understandings that may help design much needed additional therapeutic strategies for TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Barone
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, University Medical School of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Homeostatic plasticity and excitation-inhibition balance: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 75:102553. [PMID: 35594578 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the significance of the synaptic excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in the context of homeostatic plasticity, whose primary goal is thought to maintain neuronal firing rates at a set point. We first provide an overview of the processes through which patterned input activity drives synaptic E/I tuning and maturation of circuits during development. Next, we emphasize the importance of the E/I balance at the synaptic level (homeostatic control of message reception) as a means to achieve the goal (homeostatic control of information transmission) at the network level and consider how compromised homeostatic plasticity associated with neurological diseases leads to hyperactivity, network instability, and ultimately improper information processing. Lastly, we highlight several pathological conditions related to sensory deafferentation and describe how, in some cases, homeostatic compensation without appropriate sensory inputs can result in phantom perceptions.
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14
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de Hoog E, Spencer GE. Activity-dependent modulation of neuronal K V channels by retinoic acid enhances Ca V channel activity. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101959. [PMID: 35452677 PMCID: PMC9127218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolite of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), is known to affect synaptic plasticity in the nervous system and to play an important role in learning and memory. A ubiquitous mechanism by which neuronal plasticity develops in the nervous system is through modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) and voltage-gated K+ channels. However, how retinoids might regulate the activity of these channels has not been determined. Here, we show that RA modulates neuronal firing by inducing spike broadening and complex spiking in a dose-dependent manner in peptidergic and dopaminergic cell types. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we show that RA-induced complex spiking is activity dependent and involves enhanced inactivation of delayed rectifier voltage-gated K+ channels. The prolonged depolarizations observed during RA-modulated spiking lead to an increase in Ca2+ influx through CaV channels, though we also show an opposing effect of RA on the same neurons to inhibit Ca2+ influx. At physiological levels of Ca2+, this inhibition is specific to CaV2 (not CaV1) channels. Examining the interaction between the spike-modulating effects of RA and its inhibition of CaV channels, we found that inhibition of CaV2 channels limits the Ca2+ influx resulting from spike modulation. Our data thus provide novel evidence to suggest that retinoid signaling affects both delayed rectifier K+ channels and CaV channels to fine-tune Ca2+ influx through CaV2 channels. As these channels play important roles in synaptic function, we propose that these modulatory effects of retinoids likely contribute to synaptic plasticity in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric de Hoog
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock's Way, St Catharines, Ontario. Canada. L2S 3A1
| | - Gaynor E Spencer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock's Way, St Catharines, Ontario. Canada. L2S 3A1.
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15
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Melis M, Tang XH, Trasino SE, Gudas LJ. Retinoids in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Liver Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:1456. [PMID: 35406069 PMCID: PMC9002467 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (VA), all-trans-retinol (ROL), and its analogs are collectively called retinoids. Acting through the retinoic acid receptors RARα, RARβ, and RARγ, all-trans-retinoic acid, an active metabolite of VA, is a potent regulator of numerous biological pathways, including embryonic and somatic cellular differentiation, immune functions, and energy metabolism. The liver is the primary organ for retinoid storage and metabolism in humans. For reasons that remain incompletely understood, a body of evidence shows that reductions in liver retinoids, aberrant retinoid metabolism, and reductions in RAR signaling are implicated in numerous diseases of the liver, including hepatocellular carcinoma, non-alcohol-associated fatty liver diseases, and alcohol-associated liver diseases. Conversely, restoration of retinoid signaling, pharmacological treatments with natural and synthetic retinoids, and newer agonists for specific RARs show promising benefits for treatment of a number of these liver diseases. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the literature demonstrating a role for retinoids in limiting the pathogenesis of these diseases and in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Melis
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
| | - Steven E. Trasino
- Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; (M.M.); (X.-H.T.)
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16
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Duester G. Synaptic Plasticity is Altered by Treatment with Pharmacological Levels of Retinoic Acid Acting Nongenomically However Endogenous Retinoic Acid has not been shown to have Nongenomic Activity. JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 2022; 10:461. [PMID: 35382260 PMCID: PMC8979490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is the active form of vitamin A that functions as a ligand for nuclear RA receptors that directly bind genomic control regions to regulate gene expression. However, some studies have suggested that RA may have nongenomic effects outside of the nucleus, particularly with regard to synaptic plasticity. Recent results demonstrate that treatment with pharmacological levels of RA can alter synaptic plasticity which may be useful to treat neurological diseases. However, these results and those reported by others have not shown that endogenous RA is normally required for synaptic plasticity (or any other nongenomic effect) as there are no reports of genetic loss of function studies that remove endogenous RA in adult brain. The implication is that pharmacological levels of RA result in nongenomic effects, some of which may be helpful to treat certain diseases but in other cases this may cause unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg Duester
- Address for Correspondence: Gregg Duester, Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, USA,
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17
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Thapliyal S, Arendt KL, Lau AG, Chen L. Retinoic acid-gated BDNF synthesis in neuronal dendrites drives presynaptic homeostatic plasticity. eLife 2022; 11:79863. [PMID: 36515276 PMCID: PMC9797192 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic synaptic plasticity is a non-Hebbian synaptic mechanism that adjusts synaptic strength to maintain network stability while achieving optimal information processing. Among the molecular mediators shown to regulate this form of plasticity, synaptic signaling through retinoic acid (RA) and its receptor, RARα, has been shown to be critically involved in the homeostatic adjustment of synaptic transmission in both hippocampus and sensory cortices. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanism through which postsynaptic RA and RARα regulates presynaptic neurotransmitter release during prolonged synaptic inactivity at mouse glutamatertic synapses. We show that RARα binds to a subset of dendritically sorted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) mRNA splice isoforms and represses their translation. The RA-mediated translational de-repression of postsynaptic BDNF results in the retrograde activation of presynaptic tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptors, facilitating presynaptic homeostatic compensation through enhanced presynaptic release. Together, our study illustrates an RA-mediated retrograde synaptic signaling pathway through which postsynaptic protein synthesis during synaptic inactivity drives compensatory changes at the presynaptic site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Thapliyal
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Kristin L Arendt
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Anthony G Lau
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Lu Chen
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
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18
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Lenz M, Eichler A, Kruse P, Muellerleile J, Deller T, Jedlicka P, Vlachos A. All-trans retinoic acid induces synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells. eLife 2021; 10:71983. [PMID: 34723795 PMCID: PMC8560091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously we showed that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) induces synaptic plasticity in acute brain slices prepared from the mouse and human neocortex (Lenz et al., 2021). Depending on the brain region studied, distinct effects of atRA on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission have been reported. Here, we used intraperitoneal injections of atRA (10 mg/kg) in adult C57BL/6J mice to study the effects of atRA on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse fascia dentata—a brain region implicated in memory acquisition. No major changes in synaptic transmission were observed in the ventral hippocampus while a significant increase in both spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequencies and synapse numbers were evident in the dorsal hippocampus 6 hr after atRA administration. The intrinsic properties of hippocampal dentate granule cells were not significantly different and hippocampal transcriptome analysis revealed no essential neuronal changes upon atRA treatment. In light of these findings, we tested for the metaplastic effects of atRA, that is, for its ability to modulate synaptic plasticity expression in the absence of major changes in baseline synaptic strength. Indeed, in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) experiments demonstrated that systemic atRA treatment improves the ability of dentate granule cells to express LTP. The plasticity-promoting effects of atRA were not observed in synaptopodin-deficient mice, therefore, extending our previous results regarding the relevance of synaptopodin in atRA-mediated synaptic strengthening in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Taken together, our data show that atRA mediates synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lenz
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amelie Eichler
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pia Kruse
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Muellerleile
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Jedlicka
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Dr. Senckenberg Anatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,ICAR3R - Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Vlachos
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in Neuromodulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center Brain Links Brain Tools, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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19
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Noyes NC, Phan A, Davis RL. Memory suppressor genes: Modulating acquisition, consolidation, and forgetting. Neuron 2021; 109:3211-3227. [PMID: 34450024 PMCID: PMC8542634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain has a remarkable but underappreciated capacity to limit memory formation and expression. The term "memory suppressor gene" was coined in 1998 as an attempt to explain emerging reports that some genes appeared to limit memory. At that time, only a handful of memory suppressor genes were known, and they were understood to work by limiting cAMP-dependent consolidation. In the intervening decades, almost 100 memory suppressor genes with diverse functions have been discovered that affect not only consolidation but also acquisition and forgetting. Here we highlight the surprising extent to which biological limits are placed on memory formation through reviewing the literature on memory suppressor genes. In this review, we present memory suppressors within the framework of their actions on different memory operations: acquisition, consolidation, and forgetting. This is followed by a discussion of the reasons why there may be a biological need to limit memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C Noyes
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Anna Phan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11355 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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20
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Wołoszynowska-Fraser MU, Kouchmeshky A, McCaffery P. Vitamin A and Retinoic Acid in Cognition and Cognitive Disease. Annu Rev Nutr 2021; 40:247-272. [PMID: 32966186 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The history of vitamin A goes back over one hundred years, but our realization of its importance for the brain and cognition is much more recent. The brain is more efficient than other target tissues at converting vitamin A to retinoic acid (RA), which activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs). RARs regulate transcription, but their function in the cytoplasm to control nongenomic actions is also crucial. Controlled synthesis of RA is essential for regulating synaptic plasticity in regions of the brain involved in learning and memory, such as the hippocampus. Vitamin A deficiency results in a deterioration of these functions, and failure of RA signaling is perhaps associated with normal cognitive decline with age as well as with Alzheimer's disease. Further, several psychiatric and developmental disorders that disrupt cognition are also linked with vitamin A and point to their possible treatment with vitamin A or RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azita Kouchmeshky
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom;
| | - Peter McCaffery
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom;
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21
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Abstract
While the uses of retinoids for cancer treatment continue to evolve, this review focuses on other therapeutic areas in which retinoids [retinol (vitamin A), all-trans retinoic acid (RA), and synthetic retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α-, β-, and γ-selective agonists] are being used and on promising new research that suggests additional uses for retinoids for the treatment of disorders of the kidneys, skeletal muscles, heart, pancreas, liver, nervous system, skin, and other organs. The most mature area, in terms of US Food and Drug Administration-approved, RAR-selective agonists, is for treatment of various skin diseases. Synthetic retinoid agonists have major advantages over endogenous RAR agonists such as RA. Because they act through a specific RAR, side effects may be minimized, and synthetic retinoids often have better pharmaceutical properties than does RA. Based on our increasing knowledge of the multiple roles of retinoids in development, epigenetic regulation, and tissue repair, other exciting therapeutic areas are emerging. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA;
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22
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Regen F, Cosma NC, Otto LR, Clemens V, Saksone L, Gellrich J, Uesekes B, Ta TMT, Hahn E, Dettling M, Heuser I, Hellmann-Regen J. Clozapine modulates retinoid homeostasis in human brain and normalizes serum retinoic acid deficit in patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:5417-5428. [PMID: 32488128 PMCID: PMC8589649 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0791-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The atypical antipsychotic clozapine is one of the most potent drugs of its class, yet its precise mechanisms of action remain insufficiently understood. Recent evidence points toward the involvement of endogenous retinoic acid (RA) signaling in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here we investigated whether clozapine may modulate RA-signaling. Effects of clozapine on the catabolism of all-trans RA (at-RA), the biologically most active metabolite of Vitamin A, were assessed in murine and human brain tissue and peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMC). In patients with schizophrenia with and without clozapine treatment and matched healthy controls, at-RA serum levels and blood mRNA expression of retinoid-related genes in PBMCs were quantified. Clozapine and its metabolites potently inhibited RA catabolism at clinically relevant concentrations. In PBMC-derived microsomes, we found a large interindividual variability of the sensitivity toward the effects of clozapine. Furthermore, at-RA and retinol serum levels were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia compared with matched healthy controls. Patients treated with clozapine exhibited significantly higher at-RA serum levels compared with patients treated with other antipsychotics, while retinol levels did not differ between treatment groups. Similarly, in patients without clozapine treatment, mRNA expression of RA-inducible targets CYP26A and STRA6, as well as at-RA/retinol ratio, were significantly reduced. In contrast, clozapine-treated patients did not differ from healthy controls in this regard. Our findings provide the first evidence for altered peripheral retinoid homeostasis in schizophrenia and suggest modulation of RA catabolism as a novel mechanism of action of clozapine, which may be useful in future antipsychotic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Regen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicoleta-Carmen Cosma
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa R Otto
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Clemens
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lana Saksone
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Gellrich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berk Uesekes
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thi Minh Tam Ta
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Hahn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Dettling
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Hellmann-Regen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.
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Differential Retinoic Acid Signaling in the Hippocampus of Aged Rats with and without Memory Impairment. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0120-21.2021. [PMID: 34417282 PMCID: PMC8442538 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0120-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, has many physiological functions, and mounting evidence points to important roles in cognition. In vitro experiments indicate that RA is involved in homeostatic synaptic scaling in the hippocampus, which supports overall network stability during learning. It has been previously determined that disrupted RA signaling in the hippocampus causes deterioration of memory, that RA signaling declines with age in brain, and that application of RA reverses this decline. Here, we explore whether RA signaling is altered in an animal model of neurocognitive aging. We used a Morris water maze protocol to study cognitive decline in aged rats, which assesses hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and reveals substantial interindividual differences in aged animals. Aged unimpaired (AU) rats perform on par with young (Y), while aged impaired (AI) animals exhibit spatial memory deficits. We show that the major substrate for RA, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), is decreased in AU rats, and retinol cell surface receptor declines with chronological age. Other affected components of RA signaling include selective increases in AI animals in hippocampal synthesis (RALDH1) and catabolism of RA (CYP26B1), RA receptor α, the RA regulated ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluR1), as well as fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). The results support the conclusion that, surprisingly, increased RA signaling in the aged hippocampus is associated with poor cognitive outcome.
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Park E, Lau AG, Arendt KL, Chen L. FMRP Interacts with RARα in Synaptic Retinoic Acid Signaling and Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126579. [PMID: 34205274 PMCID: PMC8235556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an X-chromosome-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with severe intellectual disability caused by inactivation of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and subsequent loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). Among the various types of abnormal synaptic function and synaptic plasticity phenotypes reported in FXS animal models, defective synaptic retinoic acid (RA) signaling and subsequent defective homeostatic plasticity have emerged as a major synaptic dysfunction. However, the mechanism underlying the defective synaptic RA signaling in the absence of FMRP is unknown. Here, we show that RARα, the RA receptor critically involved in synaptic RA signaling, directly interacts with FMRP. This interaction is enhanced in the presence of RA. Blocking the interaction between FMRP and RARα with a small peptide corresponding to the critical binding site in RARα abolishes RA-induced increases in excitatory synaptic transmission, recapitulating the phenotype seen in the Fmr1 knockout mouse. Taken together, these data suggest that not only are functional FMRP and RARα necessary for RA-dependent homeostatic synaptic plasticity, but that the interaction between these two proteins is essential for proper transcription-independent RA signaling. Our results may provide further mechanistic understanding into FXS synaptic pathophysiology.
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Liu H, Tan M, Cheng B, Wang S, Xiao L, Zhu J, Wu Q, Lai X, Zhang Q, Chen J, Li T. Valproic Acid Induces Autism-Like Synaptic and Behavioral Deficits by Disrupting Histone Acetylation of Prefrontal Cortex ALDH1A1 in Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:641284. [PMID: 33994921 PMCID: PMC8113628 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.641284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the impact of valproic acid (VPA) on the histone acetylation of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and the mechanism underlying VPA-induced autism-like behavior. Methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with VPA during gestation to establish an autism model in their offspring. Some offspring prenatally exposed to VPA were randomly treated with MS-275, one histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, or retinoic acid (RA) after birth. Behavioral tests were conducted on the offspring 6 weeks after birth. Electrophysiological experiments were performed to investigate long-term potentiation (LTP) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The expression levels of AMPA receptors (GluA1 and 2), NMDA receptors (GluN1 and 2), synapsin 1 (SYN1), HDAC, acetylated histone 3 (AcH3), RA receptor alpha (RARα), and ALDH1A1 in the PFC were measured by Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ALDH enzyme activity in PFC tissue was detected using a Micro ALDH Assay Kit. The RA level in the PFC was measured using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. A chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiment explored the interaction between the ALDH1A1 gene and AcH3. Results Offspring prenatally exposed to VPA showed autism-like behavior, upregulated the levels of LTP and GluN2A, GluA1, and SYN1 proteins relevant to synaptic plasticity in the PFC. The expression levels of HDAC3 mRNA and protein were increased. On the other hand, there was a significant reduction in the levels of AcH3, RARα, RA, ALDH1A1 mRNA and protein, the level of ALDH activity and AcH3 enrichment in the ALDH1A1 promoter region in VPA-induced offspring. Administration of MS-275 in VPA offspring significantly elevated the levels of AcH3, ALDH1A1 mRNA and protein, ALDH activity, RA, the level of RARα protein and the binding of AcH3 to the ALDH1A1 promoter. In addition, the GluA1 protein level and LTP were reduced, and most behavioral deficits were reversed. After RA supplementation in the VPA-treated offspring, the RA and RARα protein levels were significantly upregulated, GluA1 protein and LTP were downregulated, and most autism-like behavioral deficits were effectively reversed. Conclusion These findings suggest that VPA impairs histoneacetylation of ALDH1A1 and downregulates the RA-RARα pathway. Such epigenetic modification of ALDH1A1 by VPA leads to autism-like synaptic and behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Tan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Boli Cheng
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Qionghui Wu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lai
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorder, Chongqing, China
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Pereyra M, de Landeta AB, Dalto JF, Katche C, Medina JH. AMPA Receptor Expression Requirement During Long-Term Memory Retrieval and Its Association with mTORC1 Signaling. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1711-1722. [PMID: 33244735 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was reported that mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity during memory retrieval is required for normal expression of aversive and non-aversive long-term memories. Here we used inhibitory-avoidance task to evaluate the potential mechanisms by which mTORC1 signaling pathway participates in memory retrieval. First, we studied the role of GluA-subunit trafficking during memory recall and its relationship with mTORC1 pathway. We found that pretest intrahippocampal infusion of GluR23ɣ, a peptide that selectively blocks GluA2-containing AMPA receptor (AMPAR) endocytosis, prevented the amnesia induced by the inhibition of mTORC1 during retrieval. Additionally, we found that GluA1 levels decreased and GluA2 levels increased at the hippocampal postsynaptic density subcellular fraction of rapamycin-infused animals during memory retrieval. GluA2 levels remained intact while GluA1 decreased at the synaptic plasma membrane fraction. Then, we evaluated the requirement of AMPAR subunit expression during memory retrieval. Intrahippocampal infusion of GluA1 or GluA2 antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) 3 h before testing impaired memory retention. The memory impairment induced by GluA2 ASO before retrieval was reverted by GluA23ɣ infusion 1 h before testing. However, AMPAR endocytosis blockade was not sufficient to compensate GluA1 synthesis inhibition. Our work indicates that de novo GluA1 and GluA2 AMPAR subunit expression is required for memory retrieval with potential different roles for each subunit and suggests that mTORC1 might regulate AMPAR trafficking during retrieval. Our present results highlight the role of mTORC1 as a key determinant of memory retrieval that impacts the recruitment of different AMPAR subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pereyra
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Belén de Landeta
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Fátima Dalto
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cynthia Katche
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Medina
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Dr. Eduardo De Robertis" (IBCN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Multi-species transcriptome meta-analysis of the response to retinoic acid in vertebrates and comparative analysis of the effects of retinol and retinoic acid on gene expression in LMH cells. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:146. [PMID: 33653267 PMCID: PMC7923837 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Retinol (RO) and its active metabolite retinoic acid (RA) are major regulators of gene expression in vertebrates and influence various processes like organ development, cell differentiation, and immune response. To characterize a general transcriptomic response to RA-exposure in vertebrates, independent of species- and tissue-specific effects, four publicly available RNA-Seq datasets from Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and Xenopus laevis were analyzed. To increase species and cell-type diversity we generated RNA-seq data with chicken hepatocellular carcinoma (LMH) cells. Additionally, we compared the response of LMH cells to RA and RO at different time points. Results By conducting a transcriptome meta-analysis, we identified three retinoic acid response core clusters (RARCCs) consisting of 27 interacting proteins, seven of which have not been associated with retinoids yet. Comparison of the transcriptional response of LMH cells to RO and RA exposure at different time points led to the identification of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are only differentially expressed (DE) during the early response. Conclusions We propose that these RARCCs stand on top of a common regulatory RA hierarchy among vertebrates. Based on the protein sets included in these clusters we were able to identify an RA-response cluster, a control center type cluster, and a cluster that directs cell proliferation. Concerning the comparison of the cellular response to RA and RO we conclude that ncRNAs play an underestimated role in retinoid-mediated gene regulation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07451-2.
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Crofton EJ, Nenov MN, Zhang Y, Tapia CM, Donnelly J, Koshy S, Laezza F, Green TA. Topographic transcriptomics of the nucleus accumbens shell: Identification and validation of fatty acid binding protein 5 as target for cocaine addiction. Neuropharmacology 2021; 183:108398. [PMID: 33181146 PMCID: PMC7755097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders for cocaine are major public health concerns with few effective treatment options. Therefore, identification of novel pharmacotherapeutic targets is critical for future therapeutic development. Evolution has ensured that genes are expressed largely only where they are needed. Therefore, examining the gene expression landscape of the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh), a brain region important for reward related behaviors, may lead to the identification of novel targets for cocaine use disorder. In this study, we conducted a novel two-step topographic transcriptomic analysis using five seed transcripts with enhanced expression in the NAcSh to identify transcripts with similarly enhanced expression utilizing the correlation feature to search the more than 20,000 in situ hybridization experiments of the Allen Mouse Brain Atlas. Transcripts that correlated with at least three seed transcripts were analyzed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). We identified 7-fold more NAcSh-enhanced transcripts than our previous analysis using single voxels in the NAcSh as the seed. Analysis of the resulting transcripts with IPA identified many previously identified signaling pathways such as retinoic acid signaling as well as novel pathways. Manipulation of the retinoic acid pathway specifically in the NAcSh of male rats via viral vector-mediated RNA interference targeting fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) decreased cocaine self-administration and modulates excitability of medium spiny neurons in the NAcSh. These results not only validate the prospective strategy of conducting a topographic transcriptomic analysis, but also further validate retinoic acid signaling as a promising pathway for pharmacotherapeutic development against cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Crofton
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Miroslav N Nenov
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Yafang Zhang
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Cynthia M Tapia
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA; Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Program University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Joseph Donnelly
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Shyny Koshy
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Fernanda Laezza
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Thomas A Green
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, Mitchell Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Marie A, Darricau M, Touyarot K, Parr-Brownlie LC, Bosch-Bouju C. Role and Mechanism of Vitamin A Metabolism in the Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2021; 11:949-970. [PMID: 34120916 PMCID: PMC8461657 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence shows that altered retinoic acid signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Retinoic acid is the bioactive derivative of the lipophilic vitamin A. Vitamin A is involved in several important homeostatic processes, such as cell differentiation, antioxidant activity, inflammation and neuronal plasticity. The role of vitamin A and its derivatives in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and their potential as therapeutics, has drawn attention for more than 10 years. However, the literature sits in disparate fields. Vitamin A could act at the crossroad of multiple environmental and genetic factors of PD. The purpose of this review is to outline what is known about the role of vitamin A metabolism in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PD. We examine key biological systems and mechanisms that are under the control of vitamin A and its derivatives, which are (or could be) exploited for therapeutic potential in PD: the survival of dopaminergic neurons, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, circadian rhythms, homeostasis of the enteric nervous system, and hormonal systems. We focus on the pivotal role of ALDH1A1, an enzyme expressed by dopaminergic neurons for the detoxification of these neurons, which is under the control of retinoic acid. By providing an integrated summary, this review will guide future studies on the potential role of vitamin A in the management of symptoms, health and wellbeing for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaıs Marie
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Morgane Darricau
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Touyarot
- University Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Louise C. Parr-Brownlie
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand (Center of Research Excellence), Dunedin, New Zealand
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Yi JH, Kwon H, Cho E, Jeon J, Lee J, Lee YC, Cho JH, Jun M, Moon M, Ryu JH, Kim JS, Choi JW, Park SJ, Lee S, Kim DH. REDD1 Is Involved in Amyloid β-Induced Synaptic Dysfunction and Memory Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249482. [PMID: 33322202 PMCID: PMC7763153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neurological dysfunction, including memory impairment, attributed to the accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain. Although several studies reported possible mechanisms involved in Aβ pathology, much remains unknown. Previous findings suggested that a protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1), a stress-coping regulator, is an Aβ-responsive gene involved in Aβ cytotoxicity. However, we still do not know how Aβ increases the level of REDD1 and whether REDD1 mediates Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction. To elucidate this, we examined the effect of Aβ on REDD1-expression using acute hippocampal slices from mice, and the effect of REDD1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) on Aβ-induced synaptic dysfunction. Lastly, we observed the effect of REDD1 shRNA on memory deficit in an AD-like mouse model. Through the experiments, we found that Aβ-incubated acute hippocampal slices showed increased REDD1 levels. Moreover, Aβ injection into the lateral ventricle increased REDD1 levels in the hippocampus. Anisomycin, but not actinomycin D, blocked Aβ-induced increase in REDD1 levels in the acute hippocampal slices, suggesting that Aβ may increase REDD1 translation rather than transcription. Aβ activated Fyn/ERK/S6 cascade, and inhibitors for Fyn/ERK/S6 or mGluR5 blocked Aβ-induced REDD1 upregulation. REDD1 inducer, a transcriptional activator, and Aβ blocked synaptic plasticity in the acute hippocampal slices. REDD1 inducer inhibited mTOR/Akt signaling. REDD1 shRNA blocked Aβ-induced synaptic deficits. REDD1 shRNA also blocked Aβ-induced memory deficits in passive-avoidance and object-recognition tests. Collectively, these results demonstrate that REDD1 participates in Aβ pathology and could be a target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Yi
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Huiyoung Kwon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.K.); (E.C.); (J.J.); (Y.C.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Eunbi Cho
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.K.); (E.C.); (J.J.); (Y.C.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Jieun Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.K.); (E.C.); (J.J.); (Y.C.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Jeongwon Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Korea;
| | - Young Choon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.K.); (E.C.); (J.J.); (Y.C.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Jong Hyun Cho
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.K.); (E.C.); (J.J.); (Y.C.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.K.); (E.C.); (J.J.); (Y.C.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.J.)
| | - Minho Moon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center (PRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56216, Korea;
| | - Ji Woong Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea;
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (D.H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-200-7583 (S.L.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (H.K.); (E.C.); (J.J.); (Y.C.L.); (J.H.C.); (M.J.)
- Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.L.); (D.H.K.); Tel.: +82-51-200-7583 (S.L.)
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Li J, Jiang RY, Arendt KL, Hsu YT, Zhai SR, Chen L. Defective memory engram reactivation underlies impaired fear memory recall in Fragile X syndrome. eLife 2020; 9:61882. [PMID: 33215988 PMCID: PMC7679137 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an X chromosome-linked disease associated with severe intellectual disabilities. Previous studies using the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse, an FXS mouse model, have attributed behavioral deficits to synaptic dysfunctions. However, how functional deficits at neural network level lead to abnormal behavioral learning remains unexplored. Here, we show that the efficacy of hippocampal engram reactivation is reduced in Fmr1 KO mice performing contextual fear memory recall. Experiencing an enriched environment (EE) prior to learning improved the engram reactivation efficacy and rescued memory recall in the Fmr1 KO mice. In addition, chemogenetically inhibiting EE-engaged neurons in CA1 reverses the rescue effect of EE on memory recall. Thus, our results suggest that inappropriate engram reactivation underlies cognitive deficits in FXS, and enriched environment may rescue cognitive deficits by improving network activation accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Rena Y Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Kristin L Arendt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Yu-Tien Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Sophia R Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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Schieweck R, Ninkovic J, Kiebler MA. RNA-binding proteins balance brain function in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:1309-1370. [PMID: 33000986 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00047.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene expression including splicing, RNA transport, translation, and RNA decay provides an important regulatory layer in many if not all molecular pathways. Research in the last decades has positioned RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) right in the center of posttranscriptional gene regulation. Here, we propose interdependent networks of RBPs to regulate complex pathways within the central nervous system (CNS). These are involved in multiple aspects of neuronal development and functioning, including higher cognition. Therefore, it is not sufficient to unravel the individual contribution of a single RBP and its consequences but rather to study and understand the tight interplay between different RBPs. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the field of RBP biology and discuss the complex interplay between different RBPs. Second, we emphasize the underlying dynamics within an RBP network and how this might regulate key processes such as neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, and synaptic plasticity. Importantly, we envision that dysfunction of specific RBPs could lead to perturbation within the RBP network. This would have direct and indirect (compensatory) effects in mRNA binding and translational control leading to global changes in cellular expression programs in general and in synaptic plasticity in particular. Therefore, we focus on RBP dysfunction and how this might cause neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Based on recent findings, we propose that alterations in the entire regulatory RBP network might account for phenotypic dysfunctions observed in complex diseases including neurodegeneration, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico Schieweck
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael A Kiebler
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Department for Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Huang C, Chen JT. Chronic retinoic acid treatment induces affective disorders by impairing the synaptic plasticity of the hippocampus. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:678-689. [PMID: 32664002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More and more people are suffering from depression in modern society. It is believed that the development of depression results from alterations in synaptic transmission, especially in the hippocampus. Animal experiments and clinical studies have demonstrated that retinoids are essential components in hippocampal synaptic plasticity, and they have a close relationship with depression. However, it is still unclear how excessive retinoic acid (RA) causes depression and what synaptic and molecular mechanisms underlie it. METHODS Behavioral, electrophysiological, and molecular approaches were employed to characterize the effects of RA on depression and synaptic plasticity. RA was continuously administered intracerebroventricularly through an osmotic pump. RESULTS RA treatment induced depression-like behaviors, as evidenced by decreased sucrose preference and increased immobile duration in both the forced swim test and the tail suspension test. RA administration also induced anxiety-like behaviors, indicated by decreased duration in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and the central of the open field. RA treatment decreased the neuronal excitability of the hippocampus either by changing the excitatory/inhibitory receptor balance or by promoting the synthesis of inhibitory neurotransmitters. Moreover, long-term potentiation was decreased in both the excitatory postsynaptic potential and the population spike in RA-treated rats, presumably a consequence of the reduced glur1 transcript level. LIMITATIONS The mechanism of how excess RA affects the hippocampal gene expression and synaptic plasticity requires further study. CONCLUSIONS RA treatment can induce depression-like behavior in rats and impair hippocampal plasticity. Thus, improving synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus may ameliorate the affective disorders caused by excessive RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huang
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
| | - Ju-Tao Chen
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
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Wang R, Qiu Z, Wang G, Hu Q, Shi N, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Zhou C. Quercetin attenuates diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibiting mTOR/p70S6K pathway-mediated changes of synaptic morphology and synaptic protein levels in spinal dorsal horn of db/db mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173266. [PMID: 32553736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that the changes of synaptic morphology and synaptic protein levels in spinal dorsal horn neurons contributes to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid compound, has been shown to have analgesic effect in several pain models. However, the underlying mechanism for quercetin to allieviate pain is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we observed the effect of quercetin on diabetic neuropathic pain in db/db mice and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that chronic quercetin treatment alleviated thermal hyperalgesia in db/db mice. Moreover, quercetin administration significantly reduced the total dendritic length, the number of dendritic branches, and the dendritic spine density in the spinal dorsal horn neurons of db/db mice. Meanwhile, the up-regulated expressions of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and synaptophysin in spinal dorsal horn of db/db mice were decreased by quercetin treatment. In addition, quercetin treatment reduced the phosphorylated levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) in spinal dorsal horn of db/db mice. These results demonstrate that quercetin may alleviate diabetic neuropathic pain by inhibiting mTOR/p70S6K pathway-mediated changes of synaptic morphology and synaptic protein levels in spinal dorsal horn neurons of db/db mice. These findings suggest that quercetin may be a promising therapeutic drug in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guizhi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Naihao Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zongqin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Chenghua Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Retinoic acid and depressive disorders: Evidence and possible neurobiological mechanisms. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:376-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li HH, Yue XJ, Wang CX, Feng JY, Wang B, Jia FY. Serum Levels of Vitamin A and Vitamin D and Their Association With Symptoms in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:599958. [PMID: 33329153 PMCID: PMC7719622 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.599958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To measure levels of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin D (VD) and the symptomatic association of their co-deficiencies on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Chinese children (6-9 years). Methods: Eighty-two children (69 boys and 13 girls; mean age = 7.1 ± 0.9 years at the time of the diagnosis) with ADHD were recruited as ADHD group. A total of 106 healthy children were recruited as the healthy control (HC) group. Serum levels of retinol and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) of all children were evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) was employed to assess the clinical symptoms of ADHD. Results: Children suffering from ADHD had significantly reduced serum levels of retinol and 25(OH)D compared with those of HCs, and the prevalence of VA deficiency and VD deficiency were higher in children suffering from ADHD. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and retinol were linked closely with the presence or absence of ADHD after adjustment for age, body mass index, season of blood sampling, and sun exposure. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and retinol showed a negative correlation with the total scores of SNAP-IV. Children with ADHD as well as VA and VD co-deficiency had increased SNAP-IV total scores and ADHD inattention subscale scores. Conclusion: VA deficiency and VD deficiency in children with ADHD were increased in comparison with that in HCs. VA and VD co-deficiency associated with ADHD symptom severity. Attention should be paid to regular testing of VA levels and VD levels. However, the mechanism of VA and VD in ADHD needs to be further studied. Interventional studies on VA and VD supplementation are recommended to further verify the relationship between VA and VD co-deficiency and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Li
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yue
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun-Yan Feng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fei-Yong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Pediatric Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
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Potter S, Sifers J, Yocom E, Blümich SLE, Potter R, Nadolski J, Harrison DA, Cooper RL. Effects of inhibiting mTOR with rapamycin on behavior, development, neuromuscular physiology and cardiac function in larval Drosophila. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.046508. [PMID: 31704693 PMCID: PMC6899040 DOI: 10.1242/bio.046508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin and other mTOR inhibitors are being heralded as possible treatments for many human ailments. It is currently being utilized clinically as an immunomodulator after transplantation procedures and as a treatment for certain forms of cancer, but it has numerous potential clinical indications. Some studies have shown profound effects on life cycle and muscle physiology, but these issues have not been addressed in an organism undergoing developmental processes. This paper fills this void by examining the effect of mTOR inhibition by rapamycin on several different qualities of larval Drosophila. Various dosages of the compound were fed to second instar larvae. These larvae were monitored for pupae formation to elucidate possible life cycle effects, and a delay to pupation was quantified. Behavioral deficits were documented in rapamycin-treated larvae. Electrophysiological measurements were taken to discern changes in muscle physiology and synaptic signaling (i.e. resting membrane potential, amplitude of excitatory post-synaptic potentials, synaptic facilitation). Pupation delay and effects on behavior that are likely due to synaptic alterations within the central nervous system were discovered in rapamycin-fed larvae. These results allow for several conclusions as to how mTOR inhibition by rapamycin affects a developing organism. This could eventually allow for a more informed decision when using rapamycin and other mTOR inhibitors to treat human diseases, especially in children and adolescents, to account for known side effects. Summary: Inhibiting mTOR by rapamycin delays pupation, reduced body wall contractions and mouth-hook movements while synaptic transmission appeared normal in larval Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Potter
- Deptartment of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Jacob Sifers
- Deptartment of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Alice Lloyd College, 100 Purpose Road, Pippa Passes, KY, 41844, USA
| | - Emily Yocom
- Deptartment of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Kentucky Wesleyan College, Owensboro, KY, 42301, USA
| | - Sandra L E Blümich
- Deptartment of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Veterinärmedizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rachel Potter
- Deptartment of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Jeremy Nadolski
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL, 60532 , USA
| | - Douglas A Harrison
- Deptartment of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Robin L Cooper
- Deptartment of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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Retinoic acid receptor plays both sides of homeostatic plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:6528-6530. [PMID: 30872478 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902400116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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