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Luo M, He N, Xu Q, Wen Z, Wang Z, Zhao J, Liu Y. Roles of prostaglandins in immunosuppression. Clin Immunol 2024; 265:110298. [PMID: 38909972 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) play a crucial and multifaceted role in various physiological processes such as intercellular signaling, inflammation regulation, neurotransmission, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and reproductive functions. The diversity and biological significance of these effects are contingent upon the specific types or subtypes of PGs, with each PG playing a crucial role in distinct physiological and pathological processes. Particularly within the immune system, PGs are essential in modulating the function of immune cells and the magnitude and orientation of immune responses. Hence, a comprehensive comprehension of the functions PG signaling pathways in immunosuppressive regulation holds substantial clinical relevance for disease prevention and treatment strategies. The manuscript provides a review of recent developments in PG signaling in immunosuppressive regulation. Furthermore, the potential clinical applications of PGs in immunosuppression are also discussed. While research into the immunosuppressive effects of PGs required further exploration, targeted therapies against their immunosuppressive pathways might open new avenues for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Nina He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongchi Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ziqin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.
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Shang Q, Dai Y, Huang J, Liu W, Zhou W, Liu Y, Yang H, Wang Q, Li Y. Clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients diagnosed with chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:201. [PMID: 38755710 PMCID: PMC11100163 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene is a rare intestinal disease caused by loss-of-function SLCO2A1 mutations, with clinical and genetic characteristics remaining largely unknown, especially in Chinese patients. This study aims to reveal clinical and genetic features of Chinese CEAS patients, highlighting the previously unreported or unemphasized characteristics. METHODS We enrolled 12 Chinese patients with chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. Clinical and genetic data of these patients were collected and analyzed. RESULTS 58.3% of patients were male, who also had primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, whereas female patients did not have primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Apart from common symptoms associated with anemia and hypoalbuminemia, abdominal pain, ileus, diarrhea, and hematochezia were present. 4 of the 5 female patients had early-onset amenorrhea, though the causal relationship remained to be clarified. Endoscopy and computed tomography enterography revealed that lesions can occur in any part of the digestive tract, most commonly in the ileum. Pathology showed multiple superficial ulcers with adjacent vascular dilatation, and loss of SLCO2A1 expression, particularly in gastrointestinal vascular endothelial cells. Genetic analysis confirmed SLCO2A1 mutations in all patients and identified 11 new SLCO2A1 variants for CEAS. CONCLUSIONS This study reports new clinical, pathological, and genetic findings in 12 Chinese patients with chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene. This study provides insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. However, studies with larger sample sizes and more in-depth mechanism research are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yimin Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weixun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking, Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Ginther OJ. A century of research on the uteroovarian pathway for uterine-induced luteolysis in mammals. Theriogenology 2024; 217:92-102. [PMID: 38266370 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Year 2023 is the 100-year anniversary of the discovery in guinea pigs that the lifespan of the corpus luteum (CL) is controlled by the uterus. The CL is the gatekeeper between two fundamental reproductive events - the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Uteroluteal research for the initial 33 years was productive but limited to laboratory species until the inclusion of farm animals in 1956. In the early 1960s, it was found that uterine luteolysin in sows travels unilaterally from a uterine horn to the adjacent CL which likely accounted for the heyday of uteroluteal research in the 1960s-70s. The luteolytic properties of PGF2α were demonstrated in rats in 1969. In 1971, (1) surgical separation of the lengthwise adherence between the uteroovarian vein and ovarian artery interfered with luteolysis in ewes, (2) species with primarily unilateral vs systemic uterine-induced luteolysis have a strong vs an absent or weak unilateral venoarterial transfer pathway, and (3) vascular infusions identified PGF2α as a uterine luteolysin. Vascular and PGF2α studies were beginning to merge. In 1973, a venoarterial pathway was firmly demonstrated in ewes and later in heifers by surgical anastomosis of a uterine vein or ovarian artery from a uterine-intact side to the corresponding vessel on the unilaterally hysterectomized side. More recent studies described how prostaglandins likely transfer through the walls of uterine and ovarian vessels using concentration gradients in sows and a prostaglandins transporter system in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, 53528, USA.
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Ginther OJ. Uteroovarian pathway for embryo-empowered maintenance of the corpus luteum in farm animals. Theriogenology 2024; 216:103-110. [PMID: 38169182 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The first luteal response to pregnancy in farm animals at 12-18 days after ovulation involves maintenance of the corpus luteum (CL) if pregnancy has occurred. In most common farm species, regression of the CL results from production of a luteolysin (PGF2α) by the nongravid uterus, and maintenance of the CL involves the production of an antiluteolysin (PGE2) by the gravid uterus and conceptus. The proximal component of a unilateral pathway from a uterine horn to the adjacent CL for transport of PGF2α and PGE2 is the uterine venous and lymphatic vessels and the distal component is the ovarian artery. The mechanisms for venolymphatic arterial transport of PGF2α and PGE2 from a uterine horn to the adjacent CL ovary and transfer of each prostaglandin through the walls of the uteroovarian vein and ovarian artery occur by similar mechanisms probably as a consequence of similarities in molecular structure between the two prostaglandins. Reported conclusions or interpretations during the first luteal response to pregnancy in sows and ewes are that PGE2 increases in concentration in the uteroovarian vein and ovarian artery and counteracts the negative effect of PGF2α on the CL. In cows, treatment with PGE2 increases circulating progesterone concentrations and prevents spontaneous luteolysis and luteolysis induced by estradiol, an intrauterine device, or PGF2α. The prevailing acceptance that interferon tau is the primary factor for maintaining the CL during early pregnancy in ruminants will likely become tempered by the increasing reports on PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, 53528, USA.
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Wiltbank MC, Monteiro PLJ, Domingues RR, Andrade JPN, Mezera MA. Review: Maintenance of the ruminant corpus luteum during pregnancy: interferon-tau and beyond. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100827. [PMID: 37567676 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This manuscript reviews the mechanisms that maintain the corpus luteum (CL) of pregnancy in ruminants. In mammals, ovulation and luteinization of the remaining cells in the CL are due to a surge in Luteinizing Hormone (LH). In cattle, continued secretion of pulses of LH is essential for full development and function of the CL during the estrous cycle (LH pulses), however, the few studies on the CL after d20 of pregnancy do not indicate that LH is essential for maintaining the CL of pregnancy. The first essential step in maintaining the CL of pregnancy in ruminants is overcoming the mechanisms that cause regression of the CL in non-pregnant ruminants (d18-25 in cattle; d13-21 in sheep). These mechanisms have a uterine component involving oxytocin-induced prostaglandin F2α (PGF2A) pulses and a luteal component involving decreased progesterone production and luteal cell death. There is a critical role for embryonic interferon-tau (IFNT) in suppressing the uterine secretion of PGF2A during early pregnancy (d13-21 in sheep; d16-25 in cattle) and preventing luteolysis. There are also effects of IFNT on the expression of interferon-stimulated genes in other tissues including the CL but the physiologic role of these interferon-stimulated genes is not yet clear. After the IFNT period, there is another mechanism that maintains the CL of pregnancy in ruminants since embryonic IFNT is inhibited as attachment occurs and trophoblastic binucleate/giant cells begin secretion of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins. The second mechanism for luteal maintenance has not yet been defined but acts in a local manner (ipsilateral to pregnancy), and remains functional from d25 until just before parturition. The most likely mechanisms mediating later maintenance of the CL of pregnancy are increased uterine blood flow or decreased prostaglandin transporter expression in the utero-ovarian vasculature, preventing PGF2A reaching the CL. Finally, implications of these ideas on pregnancy loss in cattle are explored, highlighting the importance of inappropriate regression of the CL of pregnancy as a mechanism for pregnancy loss in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Pedro L J Monteiro
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rafael R Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - João Paulo N Andrade
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Megan A Mezera
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Bianchi CP, Gallelli MF, Herrera JM, Benavente MA, Rossetto L, Aba MA. Current knowledge about the processes of luteolysis and maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:3-9. [PMID: 36149369 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Camelids have many unique reproductive features that considerably differ from those of other domestic species. Females are induced ovulators with subsequent development of a corpus luteum (CL) with a short lifespan. Plasma progesterone concentration starts to increase on day 4, peaks on day 8-9 and, in non-pregnant animals, basal concentration is reached around day 10-11 post-induction of ovulation. Luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ) are firstly detected on day 7 or 8 (approximately on day 5-6 after ovulation), with maximal luteolytic peaks observed between days 9 and 11 post-mating, in coincidence with a high endometrial expression of cyclooxygenase 2, a limiting enzyme in prostaglandins synthesis. Unlike other species, oxytocin seems not to be involved in the luteolytic process in these species. The CL is the main source of progesterone secretion, and its function is required to support pregnancy. Despite constant research efforts, aspects of reproduction and maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids remain not fully understood. A transient decrease and subsequent recovery in plasma progesterone concentration are observed after day 9 post-mating in pregnant animals in association with a pulsatile release of PGF2α and a transitory decrease in CL vascularization. Thus, embryo recognition should occur between days 8 and 12 post-mating. In camels, conceptus tissues exhibit aromatizing activity with the capacity to synthesize large amounts of oestradiol. Similarly, llama blastocysts secrete oestradiol-17β during the preimplantation stage, with a higher production during the elongation period. An increase in the endometrial expression of oestrogen receptor α is also observed on day 12 post-mating. All these evidences suggest that oestrogen could be the signal released by the embryo at the time of its recognition in camelids. Besides, nearly 98% of pregnancies are carried out in the left horn. A decrease in the endometrial expression of mucin 1 and 16 genes has been reported, suggesting that these changes are crucial for successful embryo implantation; however, no differences have been observed between horns. Thus, maternal recognition of pregnancy in camelids is a particularly complex process that must occur in a concise time to allow the rescue of the CL and embryo survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Paula Bianchi
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET - CICPBA - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria F Gallelli
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Cátedra de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología en Reproducción Animal (INITRA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Herrera
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Micaela A Benavente
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET - CICPBA - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Rossetto
- Cátedra de Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, General Pico, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Alfredo Aba
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET - CICPBA - Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
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Domingues RR, Ginther OJ, Gomez-Leon V, Castro T, Wiltbank MC. Endometrial and luteal responses to a prostaglandin F2alpha pulse: A comparison between heifers and mares. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:979-991. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In heifers and mares, multiple pulses of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) are generally associated with complete luteal regression. Although PGF pulses occur before and during luteolysis, little is known about the role of minor PGF pulses during preluteolysis on subsequent luteal and endometrial PGF production that may initiate luteolysis. Heifers (n = 7/group) and mares (n = 6/group) were treated with a single minor dose of PGF (3.0 and 0.5 mg, respectively) during mid-luteal phase (12 and 10 days postovulation in heifers and mares, respectively). After treatment, a transient decrease in progesterone (P4) concentrations occurred in heifers between Hours 0–2 but at Hour 4 P4 was not different from pre-treatment. In mares, P4 was unaltered between Hours 0 and 4. Concentrations of P4 decreased in both species by Hour 24 and complete luteolysis occurred in mares by Hour 48. Luteal and endometrial gene expression were evaluated 4 hours post-treatment. In heifers, luteal mRNA abundance of PGF receptor and PGF dehydrogenase were decreased while PTGS2, PGF transporter, and oxytocin receptor were increased. In the heifer endometrium, receptors for oxytocin, P4, and estradiol were upregulated. In mares, luteal expression of PGF receptor was decreased while PGF transporter and oxytocin receptor were increased. The decrease in P4 between Hours 4 and 24 and changes in gene expression were consistent with upregulation of endogenous synthesis of PGF. The hypotheses were supported that a single minor PGF treatment upregulates endogenous machinery for PGF synthesis in heifers and mares stimulating endogenous PGF synthesis through distinct regulatory mechanisms in heifers and mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R Domingues
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, USA
| | - O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Victor Gomez-Leon
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, USA
| | - Thadeu Castro
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, WI, USA
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Ye Q, Zeng X, Cai S, Qiao S, Zeng X. Mechanisms of lipid metabolism in uterine receptivity and embryo development. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:1015-1030. [PMID: 34625374 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic regulation plays important roles in embryo development and uterine receptivity during early pregnancy, ultimately influencing pregnancy efficiency in mammals. The important roles of lipid metabolism during early pregnancy have not been fully understood. Here, we described the regulatory roles of phospholipid, sphingolipid, and cholesterol metabolism on early embryo development, implantation, and uterine receptivity through production of cannabinoids, prostaglandins, lysophosphatidic acid, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and steroid hormones. Moreover, the impacts of lipids and fatty acids on embryo development potential and the related epigenetic modifications are also discussed. This review aims to elucidate the modulations of lipid metabolism on uterine receptivity and embryo development, contributing to novel strategies to establish dietary balanced lipids and fatty acids for reducing early embryo loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhou Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biofeed Additives, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.
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Nakanishi T, Nakamura Y, Umeno J. Recent advances in studies of SLCO2A1 as a key regulator of the delivery of prostaglandins to their sites of action. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107803. [PMID: 33465398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1, also known as PGT, OATP2A1, PHOAR2, or SLC21A2) is a plasma membrane transporter consisting of 12 transmembrane domains. It is ubiquitously expressed in tissues, and mediates the membrane transport of prostaglandins (PGs, mainly PGE2, PGF2α, PGD2) and thromboxanes (e.g., TxB2). SLCO2A1-mediated transport is electrogenic and is facilitated by an outwardly directed gradient of lactate. PGs imported by SLCO2A1 are rapidly oxidized by cytoplasmic 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH, encoded by HPGD). Accumulated evidence suggests that SLCO2A1 plays critical roles in many physiological processes in mammals, and it is considered a potential pharmacological target for diabetic foot ulcer treatment, antipyresis, and non-hormonal contraception. Furthermore, whole-exome analyses suggest that recessive inheritance of SLCO2A1 mutations is associated with two refractory diseases, primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) and chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 (CEAS). Intriguingly, SLCO2A1 is also a key component of the Maxi-Cl channel, which regulates fluxes of inorganic and organic anions, including ATP. Further study of the bimodal function of SLCO2A1 as a transporter and ion channel is expected to throw new light on the complex pathology of human diseases. Here, we review and summarize recent information on the molecular functions of SLCO2A1, and we discuss its pathophysiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakanishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Junji Umeno
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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A novel mutation in the SLCO2A1 gene, encoding a prostaglandin transporter, induces chronic enteropathy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241869. [PMID: 33166338 PMCID: PMC7652309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic enteropathy associated with SLCO2A1 gene (CEAS) is caused by loss-of-function mutations in SLCO2A1, which encodes a prostaglandin (PG) transporter. In this study, we report a sibling case of CEAS with a novel pathogenic variant of the SLCO2A1 gene. Compound heterozygous variants in SLCO2A1 were identified in an 8-year-old boy and 12-year-old girl, and multiple chronic nonspecific ulcers were observed in the patients using capsule endoscopy. The splice site mutation (c.940 + 1G>A) of the paternal allele was previously reported to be pathogenic, whereas the missense variant (c.1688T>C) of the maternal allele was novel and had not yet been reported. The affected residue (p.Leu563Pro) is located in the 11th transmembrane domain (helix 11) of SLCO2A1. Because SLCO2A1 mediates the uptake and clearance of PGs, the urinary PG metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The urinary tetranor-prostaglandin E metabolite levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in unaffected individuals. We established cell lines with doxycycline-inducible expression of wild type SLCO2A1 (WT-SLCO2A1) and the L563P mutant. Immunofluorescence staining showed that WT-SLCO2A1 and the L563P mutant were dominantly expressed on the plasma membranes of these cells. Cells expressing WT-SLCO2A1 exhibited time- and dose-dependent uptake of PGE2, while the mutant did not show any uptake activity. Residue L563 is very close to the putative substrate-binding site in SLCO2A1, R561 in helix 11. However, in a molecular model of SLCO2A1, the side chain of L563 projected outside of helix 11, indicating that L563 is likely not directly involved in substrate binding. Instead, the substitution of Pro may twist the helix and impair the transporter function. In summary, we identified a novel pathogenic variant of SLCO2A1 that caused loss-of-function and induced CEAS.
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Lopes FR, Silva LM, Zimpel R, Munhoz AK, Vieira-Neto A, Pereira MHC, Poindexter M, Gambarini ML, Thatcher WW, Vasconcelos JLM, Santos JEP. Prostaglandin F 2α influences pre-ovulatory follicle characteristics and pregnancy per AI in anovular dairy cows. Theriogenology 2020; 153:122-132. [PMID: 32454318 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to determine the effects of a dose of PGF2α administered 2 days before timed artificial insemination (AI) on LH pulsatility, characteristics of the pre-ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI) in anovular dairy cows, particularly in cows not subjected to hyperthermia. In experiment 1, 2,011 lactating Holstein cows had ovaries scanned by ultrasound to determine corpus luteum (CL) presence and only those without a CL in two consecutive exams were enrolled (n = 437). Cows had the estrous cycle synchronized with an estradiol-progesterone based protocol starting on experiment Day -11 and timed AI on Day 0. Cows were assigned randomly to receive a single dose of 25 mg of PGF2α as dinoprost on Day -4 (1PGF, n = 222) or two doses of 25 mg each of PGF2α, one on Day -4 and one on Day -2 (2PGF, n = 215). Rectal temperatures were evaluated on the day of AI and 7 days later and cows were classified as being normothermic (<39.1 °C) or hyperthermic (≥39.1 °C). Ovulatory responses and P/AI were determined. In experiment 2, cows with regressed CL were exposed to low concentrations of progesterone and then randomly assigned to the same estrous synchronization protocol and treatments, 1PGF (n = 28) and 2PGF (n = 28). Blood was sampled and analyzed for concentrations of progesterone, and for concentrations of LH and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α metabolite (PGFM) every 15 min starting 1 h before to 6 h after treatments and then every 2 h from 12 to 59 h after treatments. The pre-ovulatory follicle was aspirated 44 h after treatments and concentrations of estradiol quantified. In experiment 1, treatment of anovular cows with a second dose of PGF2α increased P/AI in normothermic cows (19.8 [18/91] vs. 38.8% [31/80]), but not in hyperthermic cows. Synchronization was not affected by treatment, but it was greater for normothermic than hyperthermic cows (87.1 [149/171] vs. 77.8% [207/266]). When only synchronized cows were evaluated, the same responses were observed; treatment with 2PGF increased P/AI compared with 1PGF in normothermic cows (23.1 [18/78] vs. 43.7% [31/71]), but not in hyperthermic cows. In experiment 2, administration of 25 mg of dinoprost in 2PGF resulted in concentrations of PGFM 26-fold greater than 1PGF in the first 6 h after treatment (48 vs. 1,242 pg/mL). Cows receiving 2PGF had smaller basal LH concentration (0.57 vs. 0.46 ng/mL) and less frequent LH pulses (4.5 vs. 3.9 pulses/6 h), but duration of the LH surge was longer for 2PGF than 1PGF (13.1 vs. 15.5 h). Treatment with 2PGF increased the diameter and volume of the pre-ovulatory follicle, and concentration of estradiol (115 vs. 262 ng/mL) and total follicular estradiol content (124 vs. 505 ng) compared with 1PGF. Collectively, these results suggest that PGF2α has a role in fertility of anovular cows that is unrelated to its luteolytic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R Lopes
- Departamento de Produção Animal, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, United States
| | - L M Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, United States
| | - R Zimpel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, United States
| | - A K Munhoz
- Departamento de Produção Animal, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - A Vieira-Neto
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, United States
| | - M H C Pereira
- Departamento de Produção Animal, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - M Poindexter
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, United States
| | - M L Gambarini
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, United States
| | - W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, United States; DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, 32611-0910, United States
| | - J L M Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Produção Animal, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, United States; DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, 32611-0910, United States.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ and γ agonists differentially affect prostaglandin E2 and cytokine synthesis and nutrient transporter expression in porcine trophoblast cells during implantation. Theriogenology 2020; 152:36-46. [PMID: 32361305 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-dependent transcription factors. PPARs have been shown to be important regulators of female reproductive functions, including conceptus development and placenta formation. This study examines the effect of PPARβ/δ and PPARγ agonists and antagonists on (1) the synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL) 6, interferon (IFN) γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and (2) the mRNA expression of genes encoding nutrient transporters and/or binding proteins in Day 15 conceptus trophoblast cells. The study also examines whether PPAR agonist-modulated IL6, IFNγ, and TNFα secretion is mediated via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Trophoblast cells were exposed to L-165,041 (a PPARβ/δ agonist) or rosiglitazone (a PPARγ agonist) in the presence or absence of GSK3787 (a PPARβ/δ antagonist) or GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist) or in the presence or absence of U0126 (a MAPK inhibitor). Rosiglitazone stimulated PGE synthase and IFNG mRNA expression in trophoblast cells and enhanced PGE2 concentrations in the incubation medium. Moreover, cells treated with rosiglitazone exhibited increased abundance of the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1, a PG transporter) and of fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 5 transcripts. All these effects were abolished by the addition of GW9662, which indicates that the action of rosiglitazone is PPARγ-dependent in the studied cells. L-165,041 inhibited TNFα synthesis and decreased the mRNA expression of FABP3 and IL6 in trophoblast cells. However, this effect was not abolished by the addition of GSK3787 into the incubation medium, suggesting that L-165,041 action is independent of PPARβ/δ. The inhibitory effect of L-165,041 on TNFα concentration and the stimulatory effect of rosiglitazone on IFNγ accumulation in the medium were not observed in the presence of the MAPK inhibitor, suggesting that the action of both agonists may be mediated by MAPKs. In conclusion, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ agonists are differentially involved in the trophoblast expression of genes related to conceptus development and implantation in pigs. Furthermore, L-165,041 and rosiglitazone may have PPAR-dependent and -independent effects in conceptus trophoblast cells.
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Yago-Ibáñez J, García-Pastor C, Lucio-Cazaña FJ, Fernández-Martínez AB. Retinoic acid receptor-beta prevents cisplatin-induced proximal tubular cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165795. [PMID: 32278009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin's toxicity in renal tubular epithelial cells limits the therapeutic efficacy of this antineoplastic drug. In cultured human proximal tubular HK-2 cells (PTC) a prostaglandin uptake transporter (PGT)-dependent increase in intracellular prostaglandin E2 (iPGE2) mediates cisplatin's toxicity (i.e. increased cell death and loss of cell proliferation) so that it is prevented by PGT inhibitors. Here we found in cisplatin-treated PTC that 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), a PGT inhibitor, prevented cisplatin's toxicity but not the increase in iPGE2. Because expression of retinoic acid receptor-β (RAR-β) is dependent on iPGE2 and because RAR-β is a regulator of cell survival and proliferation, we hypothesized that RAR-β might mediate the protective effect of DIDS against cisplatin's toxicity in PTC. Our results confirmed this hypothesis because: i) protection of PTC by DIDS was abolished by RAR-β antagonist LE-135; ii) DIDS increased the expression of RAR-β in PTC and prevented its decrease in cisplatin-treated PTC but not in cisplatin-treated human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells in which DIDS failed to prevent cisplatin's toxicity; iii) while RAR-β expression decreased in cisplatin-treated PTC, RAR-β over-expression prevented cisplatin's toxicity. RAR-β agonist CH55 or RAR pan-agonist all-trans retinoic acid did not prevent cisplatin's toxicity, which suggests that RAR-β does not protect PTC through activation of gene transcription. In conclusion, RAR-β might be a new player in cisplatin-induced proximal tubular injury and the preservation of its expression in proximal tubules through treatment with DIDS might represent a novel strategy in the prevention of cisplatin's nephrotoxicity without compromising cisplatin's chemotherapeutic effect on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Yago-Ibáñez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral García-Pastor
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Berisha B, Schams D, Rodler D, Sinowatz F, Pfaffl MW. Changes in the expression of prostaglandin family members in bovine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 85:622-634. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bajram Berisha
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina; Pristina Kosovo
- Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Dieter Schams
- Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Daniela Rodler
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Department of Veterinary Sciences; Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich; Munich Germany
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Ka H, Seo H, Choi Y, Yoo I, Han J. Endometrial response to conceptus-derived estrogen and interleukin-1β at the time of implantation in pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29928500 PMCID: PMC5989395 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The establishment of pregnancy is a complex process that requires a well-coordinated interaction between the implanting conceptus and the maternal uterus. In pigs, the conceptus undergoes dramatic morphological and functional changes at the time of implantation and introduces various factors, including estrogens and cytokines, interleukin-1β2 (IL1B2), interferon-γ (IFNG), and IFN-δ (IFND), into the uterine lumen. In response to ovarian steroid hormones and conceptus-derived factors, the uterine endometrium becomes receptive to the implanting conceptus by changing its expression of cell adhesion molecules, secretory activity, and immune response. Conceptus-derived estrogens act as a signal for maternal recognition of pregnancy by changing the direction of prostaglandin (PG) F2α from the uterine vasculature to the uterine lumen. Estrogens also induce the expression of many endometrial genes, including genes related to growth factors, the synthesis and transport of PGs, and immunity. IL1B2, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is produced by the elongating conceptus. The direct effect of IL1B2 on endometrial function is not fully understood. IL1B activates the expression of endometrial genes, including the genes involved in IL1B signaling and PG synthesis and transport. In addition, estrogen or IL1B stimulates endometrial expression of IFN signaling molecules, suggesting that estrogen and IL1B act cooperatively in priming the endometrial function of conceptus-produced IFNG and IFND that, in turn, modulate endometrial immune response during early pregnancy. This review addresses information about maternal-conceptus interactions with respect to endometrial gene expression in response to conceptus-derived factors, focusing on the roles of estrogen and IL1B during early pregnancy in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakhyun Ka
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Seo
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea.,2Department of Veterinary Integrated Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471 USA
| | - Yohan Choi
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea.,3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298 USA
| | - Inkyu Yoo
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Han
- 1Department of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493 Republic of Korea
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Verma AD, Panigrahi M, Baba NA, Sulabh S, Sadam A, Parida S, Narayanan K, Sonwane AA, Bhushan B. Differential expression of ten candidate genes regulating prostaglandin action in reproductive tissues of buffalo during estrous cycle and pregnancy. Theriogenology 2018; 105:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Nakanishi T, Tamai I. Roles of Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 2A1 (OATP2A1/SLCO2A1) in Regulating the Pathophysiological Actions of Prostaglandins. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 20:13. [PMID: 29204966 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (OATP2A1, encoded by the SLCO2A1 gene), which was initially identified as prostaglandin transporter (PGT), is expressed ubiquitously in tissues and mediates the distribution of prostanoids, such as PGE2, PGF2α, PGD2 and TxB2. It is well known to play a key role in the metabolic clearance of prostaglandins, which are taken up into the cell by OATP2A1 and then oxidatively inactivated by 15-ketoprostaglandin dehydrogenase (encoded by HPGD); indeed, OATP2A1-mediated uptake is the rate-limiting step of PGE2 catabolism. Consequently, since OATP2A1 activity is required for termination of prostaglandin signaling via prostanoid receptors, its inhibition can enhance such signaling. On the other hand, OATP2A1 can also function as an organic anion exchanger, mediating efflux of prostaglandins in exchange for import of anions such as lactate, and in this context, it plays a role in the release of newly synthesized prostaglandins from cells. These different functions likely operate in different compartments within the cell. OATP2A1 is reported to function at cytoplasmic vesicle/organelle membranes. As a regulator of the levels of physiologically active prostaglandins, OATP2A1 is implicated in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes in many organs. Recently, whole exome analysis has revealed that recessive mutations in SLCO2A1 cause refractory diseases in humans, including primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) and chronic non-specific ulcers in small intestine (CNSU). Here, we review and summarize recent information on the molecular functions of OATP2A1 and on its physiological and pathological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakanishi
- Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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18
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Baez GM, Trevisol E, Barletta RV, Cardoso BO, Ricci A, Guenther JN, Cummings NE, Wiltbank MC. Proposal of a new model for CL regression or maintenance during pregnancy on the basis of timing of regression of contralateral, accessory CL in pregnant cows. Theriogenology 2017; 89:214-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sandra O, Charpigny G, Galio L, Hue I. Preattachment Embryos of Domestic Animals: Insights into Development and Paracrine Secretions. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2016; 5:205-228. [PMID: 27959670 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian species, endometrial receptivity is driven by maternal factors independently of embryo signals. When pregnancy initiates, paracrine secretions of the preattachment embryo are essential both for maternal recognition and endometrium preparation for implantation and for coordinating development of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues of the conceptus. This review mainly focuses on domestic large animal species. We first illustrate the major steps of preattachment embryo development, including elongation in bovine, ovine, porcine, and equine species. We next highlight conceptus secretions that are involved in the communication between extraembryonic and embryonic tissues, as well as between the conceptus and the endometrium. Finally, we introduce experimental data demonstrating the intimate connection between conceptus secretions and endometrial activity and how adverse events perturbing this interplay may affect the progression of implantation that will subsequently impact pregnancy outcome, postnatal health, and expression of production traits in livestock offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sandra
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France; , , ,
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France; , , ,
| | - Laurent Galio
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France; , , ,
| | - Isabelle Hue
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France; , , ,
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Cao J, Wei C, Zhang S, Capellini TD, Zhang L, Zhao F, Li L, Zhong T, Wang L, Du L, Zhang H. Screening of reproduction-related single-nucleotide variations from MeDIP-seq data in sheep. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:958-967. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Cao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
- Chengdu JDK Biotechnology LTD; Chengdu China
| | - Caihong Wei
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Terence D. Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - Li Zhang
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Fuping Zhao
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Li Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Lixin Du
- National Center for Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Animal, Institute of Animal Sciences; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
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21
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Ribeiro ES, Santos JEP, Thatcher WW. Role of lipids on elongation of the preimplantation conceptus in ruminants. Reproduction 2016; 152:R115-26. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elongation of the preimplantation conceptus is a prerequisite for successful pregnancy in ruminants and depends on histotroph secretion by the endometrium. Lipids are an essential component of the histotroph, and recent studies indicate that lipids have important roles in the elongation phase of conceptus development. The onset of elongation is marked by dynamic changes in the transcriptome of trophectoderm cells, which are associated with lipid metabolism. During elongation, the trophectoderm increases transcript expression of genes related to uptake, metabolism andde novobiosynthesis of fatty acids and prostaglandins. Expression of the genePPARGincreases substantially, and activation of the transcription factor PPARG by binding of lipid ligands appears to be crucial for the coordination of cell biology during elongation. Lipids accumulated in the epithelial cells of the endometrium during diestrus are likely the most important source of fatty acids for utilization by the conceptus and become available in the uterine lumen through exporting of exosomes, microvesicles, carrier proteins and lipoproteins. Targeting of uterine lipid metabolism and PPARG activity during preimplantation conceptus development through nutraceutical diets may be a good strategy to improve pregnancy survival and reproductive efficiency in ruminants.
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Yerushalmi GM, Markman S, Yung Y, Maman E, Aviel-Ronen S, Orvieto R, Adashi EY, Hourvitz A. The prostaglandin transporter (PGT) as a potential mediator of ovulation. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:338ra68. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad2709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Arosh JA, Banu SK, McCracken JA. Novel concepts on the role of prostaglandins on luteal maintenance and maternal recognition and establishment of pregnancy in ruminants. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5926-5940. [PMID: 27179861 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In ruminants, the corpus luteum (CL) of early pregnancy is resistant to luteolysis. Prostaglandin (PG)E2 is considered a luteoprotective mediator. Early studies indicate that during maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) in ruminants, a factor(s) from the conceptus or gravid uterus reaches the ovary locally through the utero-ovarian plexus (UOP) and protects the CL from luteolysis. The local nature of the embryonic antiluteolytic or luteoprotective effect precludes any direct effect of a protein transported or acting between the gravid uterus and CL in ruminants. During MRP, interferon tau (IFNT) secreted by the trophoblast of the conceptus inhibits endometrial pulsatile release of PGF2α and increases endometrial PGE2. Our recent studies indicate that (1) luteal PG biosynthesis is selectively directed toward PGF2α at the time of luteolysis and toward PGE2 at the time of establishment of pregnancy (ESP); (2) the ability of the CL of early pregnancy to resist luteolysis is likely due to increased intraluteal biosynthesis and signaling of PGE2; and (3) endometrial PGE2 is transported from the uterus to the CL through the UOP vascular route during ESP in sheep. Intrauterine co-administration of IFNT and prostaglandin E2 synthase 1 (PGES-1) inhibitor reestablishes endometrial PGF2α pulses and regresses the CL. In contrast, intrauterine co-administration of IFNT and PGES-1 inhibitor along with intraovarian administration of PGE2 rescues the CL. Together, the accumulating information provides compelling evidence that PGE2 produced by the CL in response to endometrial PGE2 induced by pregnancy may counteract the luteolytic effect of PGF2α as an additional luteoprotective mechanism during MRP or ESP in ruminants. Targeting PGE2 biosynthesis and signaling selectively in the endometrium or CL may provide luteoprotective therapy to improve reproductive efficiency in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe A Arosh
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77483.
| | - Sakhila K Banu
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station 77483
| | - John A McCracken
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269
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Rekawiecki R, Kowalik MK, Kotwica J. Luteotropic and luteolytic factors regulate mRNA and protein expression of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B in the bovine endometrium. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:907-913. [DOI: 10.1071/rd14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of luteotropic and luteolytic factors on the mRNA and protein levels of progesterone receptor isoforms A (PGRA) and B (PGRB) in the bovine endometrium. Endometrial slices from Days 6–10 and 17–20 of the oestrous cycle were treated with LH (100 ng mL–1), oestradiol (E2; 1 × 10–8 M), prostaglandin (PG) E2 (1 × 10–6 M) and PGF2α (1 × 10–6 M) and the nitric oxide donor NONOate (1 × 10–4 M); these treatments lasted for 6 h for mRNA expression analysis and 24 h for protein expression analysis. On Days 6–10 of the oestrous cycle PGRAB (PGRAB; the entire PGRA mRNA sequence is common to the PGRB mRNA sequence) mRNA expression in endometrial slices was enhanced by E2 treatment (P < 0.001), whereas PGRB mRNA expression was increased by LH (P < 0.001), E2 (P < 0.05) and NONOate (P < 0.05) treatment. On Days 17–20, PGRAB mRNA expression increased after E2 (P < 0.001) and PGE2 (P < 0.05) treatment; PGRB mRNA expression was increased by PGE2 (P < 0.05) and PGF2α (P < 0.01) treatment, but decreased by LH (P < 0.05). On Days 6–10 protein levels of PGRA were stimulated by E2 (P < 0.01), whereas PGRB protein levels were increased by LH (P < 0.05) and E2 (P < 0.05). On Days 17–20 of the oestrous cycle, PGRA protein levels were enhanced by E2 (P < 0.05) and PGF2α (P < 0.05), whereas PGRB protein levels were stimulated by PGE2 (P < 0.05) and PGF2α (P < 0.001). These data suggest that luteotropic and luteolytic factors affect PGRA and PGRB mRNA and protein levels, and this may regulate the effects of progesterone on endometrial cells.
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Shimada H, Nakamura Y, Nakanishi T, Tamai I. OATP2A1/SLCO2A1-mediated prostaglandin E2 loading into intracellular acidic compartments of macrophages contributes to exocytotic secretion. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:629-38. [PMID: 26474801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is significant evidence that the inducible cyclooxygenase isoform (COX-2) regulates the pericellular concentration of PGE2; however, the mechanism of the secretory process remains unclear. The present study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the role of prostaglandin transporter (OATP2A1) in PGE2 secretion from macrophages. Immunofluorescence staining for Oatp2a1 (Slco2a1) was primarily detected in cytoplasmic domains, and was partially co-localized with anti-PGE2 antibody, LysoTracker®, and anti-lysosome-associated membrane protein (Lamp) 1 antibody in murine macrophage-derived RAW264 cells and peritoneal macrophages (PMs). PGE2 uptake by subcellular fraction containing light lysosomes was reduced significantly in the presence of an OATP inhibitor and in Slco2a1(+/-) PMs. Secretion of PGE2 and lysosome-specific N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase was enhanced in activated macrophagic cells, and diminished significantly under the Ca(2+)-depleted condition. The amount of PGE2 secreted from lipopolysaccharide-activated Slco2a1(-/-) PMs was significantly lower than that from PMs from wild type (WT) mice. Expression of Cox-2 and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-Pgdh) was unchanged between PMs from Slco2a1(-/-) and WT mice. These results suggest that OATP2A1 is involved in PGE2-loading into intracellular acidic compartments, including light lysosomes. Thus, OATP2A1 contributes to PGE2 secretion by macrophages via exocytosis induced by Ca(2+) influx, independently of PGE2 synthesis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shimada
- Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Nakamura
- Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakanishi
- Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Department of Membrane Transport and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Kowalczyk-Zieba I, Boruszewska D, Sinderewicz E, Grycmacher K, Woclawek-Potocka I. Lysophosphatidic acid modulates prostaglandin signalling in bovine steroidogenic luteal cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:218-26. [PMID: 26482178 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether lysophosphatidic acid affects prostaglandin biosynthesis, transport, and signalling in bovine steroidogenic luteal cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of LPA on PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis and on the expression of enzymes involved in PG biosynthesis (PTGS2, mPGES-1, cPGES, mPGES-2, PGFS and 9-KPR), prostaglandin transporter (PGT), and prostaglandin receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4 and FP) in bovine steroidogenic luteal cells. We found that LPA inhibited PGF2α synthesis in steroidogenic luteal cells. Moreover, LPA increased mPGES1 and cPGES and decreased PGFS expression in cultured bovine steroidogenic luteal cells. Additionally, LPA stimulated EP2 and EP4 receptor and PGT expression. This study suggests that LPA activity in the bovine CL directs the physiological intraluteal balance between the two main prostanoids towards luteotropic PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kowalczyk-Zieba
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Boruszewska
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Emilia Sinderewicz
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grycmacher
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Izabela Woclawek-Potocka
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Figueiredo-Pereira ME, Rockwell P, Schmidt-Glenewinkel T, Serrano P. Neuroinflammation and J2 prostaglandins: linking impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and mitochondria to neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 7:104. [PMID: 25628533 PMCID: PMC4292445 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune response of the CNS is a defense mechanism activated upon injury to initiate repair mechanisms while chronic over-activation of the CNS immune system (termed neuroinflammation) may exacerbate injury. The latter is implicated in a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, HIV dementia, and prion diseases. Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), which are key enzymes in the conversion of arachidonic acid into bioactive prostanoids, play a central role in the inflammatory cascade. J2 prostaglandins are endogenous toxic products of cyclooxygenases, and because their levels are significantly increased upon brain injury, they are actively involved in neuronal dysfunction induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms by which J2 prostaglandins (1) exert their actions, (2) potentially contribute to the transition from acute to chronic inflammation and to the spreading of neuropathology, (3) disturb the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and mitochondrial function, and (4) contribute to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and demyelination in Krabbe disease. We conclude by discussing the therapeutic potential of targeting the J2 prostaglandin pathway to prevent/delay neurodegeneration associated with neuroinflammation. In this context, we suggest a shift from the traditional view that cyclooxygenases are the most appropriate targets to treat neuroinflammation, to the notion that J2 prostaglandin pathways and other neurotoxic prostaglandins downstream from cyclooxygenases, would offer significant benefits as more effective therapeutic targets to treat chronic neurodegenerative diseases, while minimizing adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Figueiredo-Pereira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Rockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Schmidt-Glenewinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Serrano
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, The Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York New York, NY, USA
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28
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Schuster VL, Chi Y, Lu R. The Prostaglandin Transporter: Eicosanoid Reuptake, Control of Signaling, and Development of High-Affinity Inhibitors as Drug Candidates. TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN CLINICAL AND CLIMATOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2015; 126:248-57. [PMID: 26330684 PMCID: PMC4530674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We discovered the prostaglandin transporter (PGT) and cloned the human cDNA and gene. PGT transports extracellular prostaglandins (PGs) into the cytoplasm for enzymatic inactivation. PGT knockout mice have elevated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and neonatal patent ductus arteriosus, which reflects PGT's control over PGE2 signaling at EP1/EP4 cell-surface receptors. Interestingly, rescued PGT knockout pups have a nearly normal phenotype, as do human PGT nulls. Given the benign phenotype of PGT genetic nulls, and because PGs are useful medicines, we have approached PGT as a drug target. Triazine library screening yielded a lead compound of inhibitory constant 50% (IC50) = 3.7 μM, which we developed into a better inhibitor of IC50 378 nM. Further structural improvements have yielded 26 rationally designed derivatives with IC50 < 100 nM. The therapeutic approach of increasing endogenous PGs by inhibiting PGT offers promise in diseases such as pulmonary hypertension and obesity.
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Klein C. Pregnancy Recognition and Implantation of the Conceptus in the Mare. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2015; 216:165-88. [PMID: 26450499 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Few, if any, biological processes are as diverse among domestic species as establishment of early pregnancy, in particular maternal recognition of pregnancy. Following fertilization and initial development in the mare oviduct, selective transport of the embryo through the uterotubal junction driven by embryo-derived PGE2 occurs. Upon arrival in the uterus, an acellular glycoprotein capsule is formed that covers the embryo, blastocyst, and conceptus (embryo and associated extraembryonic membranes) between the second and third weeks of pregnancy. Between Days 9 and 15/16 of pregnancy, the conceptus undergoes an extended phase of mobility. Conceptus mobility is driven by conceptus-derived PGF2α and PGE2 that stimulate uterine contractions which in turn propel migration of the conceptus within the uterine lumen. Cessation of conceptus mobility is referred to as fixation and appears to be attributable to increasing size of the conceptus, preferential thickening of the endometrium near the mesometrial attachment referred to as encroachment, and a reduction in sialic acid content of the capsule. During maternal recognition of pregnancy, endometrial PGF2α release is attenuated, a consequence of reduced expression of key enzymes involved in prostaglandin production. Oxytocin responsiveness is altered during early pregnancy, and reduced expression of the oxytocin receptor appears to be regulated at the posttranscriptional level rather than the transcriptional level. Prostaglandin release is attenuated temporarily only during early pregnancy; during the third week of pregnancy, the endometrium resumes the ability to secrete PGF2α. The equine conceptus initiates steroidogenesis as early as Day 6 and synthesizes estrogens, androgens, and progesterone. Estrogens are metabolized locally, presumably regulating their bioavailability and actions. Results of experiments attempting to prove that conceptus-derived estrogens are responsible for extension of corpus luteum function have been inconclusive. By the fourth week of pregnancy, the chorionic girdle becomes visible on the trophoblast. Subsequent invasion of chorionic girdle cells leads to formation of endometrial cups which secrete equine chorionic gonadotropin. Equine chorionic gonadotropin has luteinizing hormone functions in the mare, causing luteinization of follicles resulting in the formation of secondary corpora lutea essential to production of progesterone and maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Klein
- Veterinary and Clinical Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Gram A, Fox B, Büchler U, Boos A, Hoffmann B, Kowalewski MP. Canine placental prostaglandin E2 synthase: expression, localization, and biological functions in providing substrates for prepartum PGF2alpha synthesis. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:154. [PMID: 25297547 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.122929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The prepartum output of PGF2alpha in the bitch is associated with increased placental PGE2-synthase (PTGES) mRNA levels. Contrasting with this is a decreased expression of PGF2alpha-synthase (PGFS/AKR1C3) in uteroplacental compartments during prepartum luteolysis, suggesting an involvement of alternative synthetic pathways in PGF2alpha synthesis, for example, conversion of PGE2 to PGF2alpha. However, because the expression and possible functions of the respective PTGES proteins remained unknown, no further conclusion could be drawn. Therefore, a canine-specific PTGES antibody was generated and used to investigate the expression, cellular localization, and biochemical activities of canine uteroplacental PTGES throughout pregnancy and at prepartum luteolysis. Additionally, the biochemical activities of these tissues involved in the conversion of PGE2 to PGF2alpha were investigated. The endometrial PTGES was localized in the uterine surface epithelium at preimplantation and in superficial and deep uterine glands, endothelial cells, and myometrium throughout pregnancy and at parturition. Placental signals were mostly in the trophoblast. The biochemical properties of recombinant PTGES protein were confirmed. Additionally, expression of two PGE2-receptors, PTGER2/EP2 and PTGER4/EP4, revealed their decreasing expression during luteolysis. In contrast, the uteroplacental expression of prostaglandin transporter (PGT) was strongly elevated prior to parturition. These localization patterns resembled that of PTGES. The increased expression of PTGES and PGT at parturition, together with the accompanying decreased levels of PGE2-receptors and the capability of canine uterine and placental homogenates to take part in the conversion of PGE2 to PGF2alpha, as found in this study, suggest that PGE2 could be used locally as a substrate for prepartum PGF2alpha synthesis in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Gram
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Fox
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Büchler
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large- and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhang J, Zhang HY, Zhang M, Qiu ZY, Wu YP, Callaway DA, Jiang JX, Lu L, Jing L, Yang T, Wang MQ. Connexin43 hemichannels mediate small molecule exchange between chondrocytes and matrix in biomechanically-stimulated temporomandibular joint cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:822-30. [PMID: 24704497 PMCID: PMC4706739 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Connexin (Cx) 43 hemichannels play a role in mechanotransduction. This study was undertaken in order to determine if Cx43 hemichannels were activated in rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) chondrocytes under mechanical stimulation. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were stimulated dental-mechanically. Cx43 expression in rat TMJ cartilage was determined with immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, and Cx43 hemichannel opening was evaluated by the extra- and intracellular levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both primary rat chondrocytes and ATDC5 cells were treated with fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) to induce hemichannel opening. The Cx43 expression level was then determined by real-time PCR or Western blotting, and the extent of Cx43 hemichannel opening was evaluated by measuring both PGE2 release and cellular dye uptake. RESULTS Cx43 expression and intra- and extracellular PGE2 levels were increased in mechanically-stimulated rat TMJ cartilage compared to the unstimulated control. The FFSS treatment increased Cx43 expression and induced Cx43 hemichannel opening in primary rat chondrocytes and ATDC5 cells indicated by enhanced PGE2 release and dye uptake. Furthermore, the Cx43 hemichannel opening could be blocked by the addition of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, a Cx channel inhibitor, Cx43-targeting siRNA, or by withdrawal of FFSS stimulation. The migration of cytosolic Cx43 protein to the plasma membrane in ATDC5 cells was still significant after 8 h post 2-h FFSS treatment, and the Cx43 protein level was still high at 48 h, which returned to control levels at 72 h after treatment. CONCLUSION Cx43 hemichannels are activated and mediate small molecule exchange between TMJ chondrocytes and matrix under mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - H Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Z Y Qiu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Y P Wu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - D A Callaway
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - J X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | - L Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - L Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - T Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - M Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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32
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Lee J, Stanley JA, McCracken JA, Banu SK, Arosh JA. Intrauterine coadministration of ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 inhibits interferon TAU action in the endometrium and restores luteolytic PGF2alpha pulses in sheep. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:46. [PMID: 24876409 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In ruminants, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha) is synthesized and released in a pulsatile pattern from the endometrial luminal epithelial (LE) cells during the process of luteolysis. Interferon tau (IFNT) is a Type 1 IFN secreted by the trophoblast cells of the developing conceptus. IFNT acts locally on endometrial LE cells to inhibit pulsatile releases of PGF2alpha and thus establish an endocrine environment for recognition of pregnancy. Cell signaling pathways through which IFNT stimulates expression of multiple genes or proteins in endometrial LE are largely unknown. Results of the present investigation indicate that intrauterine administration of IFNT inhibits pulsatile release of PGF2alpha, while coadministration IFNT and ERK 1/2 inhibitor U0126 restores luteolytic PGF2alpha pulses in sheep. IFNT increases phosphorylation of ERK1/2 proteins and increases its interaction with PGT proteins in endometrial LE. Blockade of ERK1/2 pathways inhibits IFNT action, decreases pERK1/2 and PGT protein interactions, and re-establishes the spatial expression of the oxytocin receptor protein completely and the estrogen receptor protein partially without modulating the expression of interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF-2) protein in endometrial LE. IFNT does not decrease expression of COX-2, PGDH, or PGT protein in endometrial LE. Our results provide important new insights into IFNT signaling and the molecular endocrine control of PGF2alpha release at the time of establishment of pregnancy in ruminants. This novel IFNT-ERK1/2 signaling module needs to be explored in future studies to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms of IFNT action in endometrial LE in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeHoon Lee
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Jone A Stanley
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - John A McCracken
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Sakhila K Banu
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Joe A Arosh
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Rajagopal M, Thomas SV, Kathpalia PP, Chen Y, Pao AC. Prostaglandin E2 induces chloride secretion through crosstalk between cAMP and calcium signaling in mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 306:C263-78. [PMID: 24284792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00381.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of high dietary salt intake, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production is increased in the collecting duct and promotes urinary sodium chloride (NaCl) excretion; however, the molecular mechanisms by which PGE2 increases NaCl excretion in this context have not been clearly defined. We used the mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD)-K2 cell line to characterize mechanisms underlying PGE2-regulated NaCl transport. When epithelial Na(+) channels were inhibited, PGE2 exclusively stimulated basolateral EP4 receptors to increase short-circuit current (Isc(PGE2)). We found that Isc(PGE2) was sensitive to inhibition by H-89 and CFTR-172, indicating that EP4 receptors signal through protein kinase A to induce Cl(-) secretion via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Unexpectedly, we also found that Isc(PGE2) was sensitive to inhibition by BAPTA-AM (Ca(2+) chelator), 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) (inositol triphosphate receptor blocker), and flufenamic acid (FFA) [Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel (CACC) inhibitor], suggesting that EP4 receptors also signal through Ca(2+) to induce Cl(-) secretion via CACC. Additionally, we observed that PGE2 stimulated an increase in Isc through crosstalk between cAMP and Ca(2+) signaling; BAPTA-AM or 2-APB inhibited a component of Isc(PGE2) that was sensitive to CFTR-172 inhibition; H-89 inhibited a component of Isc(PGE2) that was sensitive to FFA inhibition. Together, our findings indicate that PGE2 activates basolateral EP4 receptors and signals through both cAMP and Ca(2+) to stimulate Cl(-) secretion in IMCD-K2 cells. We propose that these signaling pathways, and the crosstalk between them, may provide a concerted mechanism for enhancing urinary NaCl excretion under conditions of high dietary NaCl intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumitha Rajagopal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; and
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Lee J, McCracken JA, Banu SK, Arosh JA. Intrauterine inhibition of prostaglandin transporter protein blocks release of luteolytic PGF2alpha pulses without suppressing endometrial expression of estradiol or oxytocin receptor in ruminants. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:27. [PMID: 23759308 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.106427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In ruminants, prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2(alpha)) is synthesized and released in a pulsatile pattern from the endometria luminal epithelial (LE) cells during the process of luteolysis. Prostaglandin transporter (PGT) is a 12-transmembrane solute carrier organic anion transporter protein that facilitates transport of PGF2(alpha). The present study determined the effects of inhibition of PGT protein on pulsatile release of luteolytic PGF2(alpha) and the underlined cell-signaling mechanisms. The results indicate that intrauterine inhibition of the PGT protein inhibits the pulsatile release of PGF2(alpha) from the endometrium and maintains a functional corpus luteum. Surprisingly, inhibition of PGT-mediated luteolytic pulses is not associated with spatial regulation of estrogen and oxytocin receptors in the LE of the endometrium and is also not accompanied by decreased biosynthesis of PGF2(alpha) or increased catabolism of PGF2(alpha) by the endometrium. Importantly, PGT inhibitor increases expression of pERK1/2 proteins in the LE of the endometrium. Knock down of ERK1/2 genes in LE cells reverses the inhibitory effects of PGT inhibitor on release of PGF2(alpha). In conclusion, intrauterine inhibition of PGT inhibits the pulsatile release of PGF2(alpha) from the endometrium without modulating spatial expressions of estrogen and oxytocin receptor proteins and metabolism of PGF2(alpha) at the time of luteolysis. Activation of ERK1/2 pathways and interactions between ERK1/2 and PGT protein appear to be important cell-signaling mechanisms that control PGT-mediated efflux transport function. PGT emerges as an important final component in the luteolytic machinery that controls the release of luteolytic pulses of PGF2(alpha) from the endometrium in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeHoon Lee
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Shirasaka Y, Shichiri M, Kasai T, Ohno Y, Nakanishi T, Hayashi K, Nishiura A, Tamai I. A role of prostaglandin transporter in regulating PGE₂ release from human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells in response to LPS. J Endocrinol 2013; 217:265-74. [PMID: 23528477 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) plays a role in inflammatory responses through eicosanoid signaling pathways. PGE₂ is impermeable to cell membranes at physiological pH and needs solute carrier across the membranes; however, it remains unclear how intercellular concentrations of PGE₂ are regulated under the condition of inflammation. We aimed to clarify a role of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2A1 (OATP2A1/SLCO2A1), also known as prostaglandin transporter (PGT), in PGE₂ release from cells. Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and PGT inhibitors were tested to evaluate contribution of PGT to PGE₂ release by assessing its extracellular concentration and characterizing PGT-mediated PGE₂ efflux in Xenopus laevis oocytes. As a result, LPS elevated mRNA expression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 and extracellular concentration of PGE₂ in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. PGT inhibitors tested (e.g. bromocresol green (BCG), bromosulfophthalein (BSP), and PGB₁) significantly inhibited efflux of PGE₂ from oocytes expressing PGT. Similarly, the amount of released PGE2 from the BEAS-2B cells decreased in the presence of BCG and BSP by 45 and 44% respectively while TGBz increased the concentration by 71%, suggesting that PGT mediates the release. In conclusion, these results imply a role of PGT in regulating intra- and extracellular concentrations of PGE₂ in response to cells under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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MacKintosh SB, Schuberth HJ, Healy LL, Sheldon IM. Polarised bovine endometrial epithelial cells vectorially secrete prostaglandins and chemotactic factors under physiological and pathological conditions. Reproduction 2013; 145:57-72. [PMID: 23115348 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells of the endometrium secrete prostaglandins to regulate the bovine oestrous cycle and form a functional barrier to microbes. However, bacterial infection of the endometrium commonly causes infertility in dairy cattle by disrupting endometrial physiology. Epithelial cell cultures are used to study the mechanisms of physiology and pathology, but 2D cultures may not reflect the 3D complexity of the epithelium. In this study, a polarised epithelial cell transwell culture was developed, using transepithelial resistance (TER), to monitor epithelial integrity. Polarised epithelial cells were treated with oxytocin and arachidonic acid to test physiological function and with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic bacterial infection. Supernatants were analysed for prostaglandin E(2) (PGE), prostaglandin F(2)(α), the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL8) and the ability of supernatants to induce neutrophil migration. Confluent epithelial cells established polarity when TER was >1800 Ω cm(2) and predominantly released prostaglandins basolaterally. In contrast, IL8 from epithelial cells accumulated apically and the supernatants were highly chemotactic for neutrophils. The striking exception was when the epithelial cells were treated with LPS in the apical or basolateral compartment independently, which led to the release of IL8 towards the treated compartment. Although stromal cells also accumulated PGE and IL8 in response to treatment, co-culture of stromal cells in the well below polarised epithelial cells did not influence cellular responses. In conclusion, polarised endometrial epithelial cells vectorially released prostaglandins and chemokines to reflect their respective mechanistic roles in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân B MacKintosh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Ulbrich SE, Wolf E, Bauersachs S. Hosting the preimplantation embryo: potentials and limitations of different approaches for analysing embryo - endometrium interactions in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2013; 25:62-70. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing detailed investigations into embryo–maternal communication before implantation reveal that during early embryonic development a plethora of events are taking place. During the sexual cycle, remodelling and differentiation processes in the endometrium are controlled by ovarian hormones, mainly progesterone, to provide a suitable environment for establishment of pregnancy. In addition, embryonic signalling molecules initiate further sequences of events; of these molecules, prostaglandins are discussed herein as specifically important. Inadequate receptivity may impede preimplantation development and implantation, leading to embryonic losses. Because there are multiple factors affecting fertility, receptivity is difficult to comprehend. This review addresses different models and methods that are currently used and discusses their respective potentials and limitations in distinguishing key messages out of molecular twitter. Transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analyses generate comprehensive information and provide starting points for hypotheses, which need to be substantiated using further confirmatory methods. Appropriate in vivo and in vitro models are needed to disentangle the effects of participating factors in the embryo–maternal dialogue and to help distinguish associations from causalities. One interesting model is the study of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in normal recipient heifers. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to properly assess the importance of the uterine milieu for embryonic development and to use the large number of new findings to solve long-standing issues regarding fertility.
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Lee J, McCracken JA, Stanley JA, Nithy TK, Banu SK, Arosh JA. Intraluteal Prostaglandin Biosynthesis and Signaling Are Selectively Directed Towards PGF2alpha During Luteolysis but Towards PGE2 During the Establishment of Pregnancy in Sheep1. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:97. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Lacroix-Pépin N, Danyod G, Krishnaswamy N, Mondal S, Rong PM, Chapdelaine P, Fortier MA. The multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) appears as a functional carrier of prostaglandins regulated by oxytocin in the bovine endometrium. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4993-5004. [PMID: 21990316 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PG) are involved in several female reproductive processes, and their action is regulated at the levels of biosynthesis, catabolism, and signal transduction. Facilitated transport across cell membranes emerges as an additional checkpoint regulating PG action. We have already reported on the influx transporter solute carrier organic anion transporting polypeptide (SLCO2A1) [PG transporter (PGT)] in relation to PG action in the bovine endometrium. In the present study, we report on the functional expression and regulation of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4)/ATP-binding cassette carrier 4, an alternate PG transporter belonging to the ATP-binding cassette carrier (ABC) family. We have found that MRP4 protein was present throughout the estrous cycle and exhibited a pattern of expression similar to that of PGT with maximal expression during early-mid luteal phase in the bovine endometrium. Functional expression and regulation of MRP4 was studied in vitro using the newly developed bovine endometrial epithelial bEEL and stromal CSC cell lines. Oxytocin (OT) stimulated PGF2α production and MRP4 mRNA and protein in a time- and dose-dependent manner but had no effect on PGT. OT induced preferred accumulation of PG outside the cells and secretion toward the basolateral side of polarized bEEL cells grown on membrane inserts. MK-571 and indomethacin, two documented inhibitors of MRP4 activity, blocked preferred accumulation of PG, but interferon-τ and NS-398 had no effect on MRP4 expression or the direction of PG transport. Our results suggest that MRP4 is a functional PG carrier under the regulation of OT in the bovine endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lacroix-Pépin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Québec, Département d'Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Unité d'Ontogénie et Reproduction, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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In vivo intra-luteal implants of prostaglandin (PG) E1 or E2 (PGE1, PGE2) prevent luteolysis in cows. I. Luteal weight, circulating progesterone, mRNA for luteal luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor, and occupied and unoccupied luteal receptors for LH. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011; 95:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lejeune M, Leung P, Beck PL, Chadee K. Role of EP4 receptor and prostaglandin transporter in prostaglandin E2-induced alteration in colonic epithelial barrier integrity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G1097-105. [PMID: 20813914 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00280.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is a proinflammatory lipid mediator produced in excess in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PGE(2) couples to and signals via four different E-prostanoid (EP) receptors, namely EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4. In this study, we determined a role for PGE(2) and EP4 receptors in altering colonic epithelial barrier integrity. In healthy colonic mucosa, EP4 receptors were localized on apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells at the tip of mucosal folds, whereas, in patients with IBD and in rats with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, they were diffusely overexpressed throughout the mucosa. Similarly, expression of EP4 receptor was polarized in T84 colonic epithelial monolayer and mimics the normal epithelium. Apical exposure of T84 monolayer with high levels of PGE(2) decreased barrier integrity, which was abrogated by an EP4 receptor antagonist. To reveal the mechanism of vectorial transport of basally produced PGE(2) toward apical EP4 receptors, we identified prostaglandin transporters (PGT) in human colonic epithelia. PGT were least expressed on epithelial cells at the colonic mucosal folds of control subjects but overexpressed in epithelial cells of patients with IBD or animals with DSS-induced colitis. T84 monolayer also expressed PGT, which increased twofold following stimulation with TNF-α. Importantly, in T84 monolayer stimulated with TNF-α, there was a corresponding increase in the uptake and vectorial transport of (3)H-PGE(2) to the apical surface. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of PGT significantly decreased vectorial transport of (3)H-PGE(2). These studies unravel a mechanism whereby EP4 receptor and PGT play a role in PGE(2)-induced alteration of epithelial barrier integrity in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manigandan Lejeune
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Banu SK, Lee J, Stephen SD, Nithy TK, Arosh JA. Interferon tau regulates PGF2alpha release from the ovine endometrial epithelial cells via activation of novel JAK/EGFR/ERK/EGR-1 pathways. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:2315-30. [PMID: 20962043 DOI: 10.1210/me.2010-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In ruminants, pulsatile release of prostaglandin F2α (PGF(2α)) from the endometrium is transported to the ovary and induces luteolysis thereby allowing new estrous cycle. Interferon tau (IFNT), a type 1 IFN secreted by the trophoblast cells of the developing conceptus, acts on endometrial luminal epithelial (LE) cells and inhibits pulsatile release of PGF(2α) and establishes pregnancy. One of the unknown mechanisms is that endometrial pulsatile release of PGF(2α) is inhibited whereas basal release of PGF(2α) is increased in pregnant compared with nonpregnant sheep. We have recently found that pulsatile release of PGF(2α) from the endometrium is regulated by prostaglandin transporter (PGT)-mediated mechanisms. We hypothesize that modulation in the endometrial pulsatile vs. basal release of PGF(2α) likely requires PGT-mediated selective transport, and IFNT interacts with PGT protein and modulates pulsatile vs. basal release of PGF(2α). The new findings of the present study are: 1) IFNT activates novel JAK-SRC kinase-EGFR-RAS-RAF-ERK1/2-early growth response (EGR)-1 signaling module in LE cells; 2) IFNT increases interactions between PGT and ERK1/2 or EGR-1 proteins and alters phosphorylation of PGT protein; 3) IFNT precludes action of protein kinase C and Ca(2+) on PGT function; and 4) IFNT inhibits 80% PGT-mediated but not 20% simple diffusion-mediated release of PGF(2α) from the endometrial LE cells through this novel signaling module. The results of the present study provide important new insights on IFNT signaling and molecular control of PGT-mediated release of PGF(2α) and unravel the underlying mechanisms responsible for the increased basal release of PGF(2α) at the time of establishment of pregnancy in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhila K Banu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Lee J, McCracken JA, Banu SK, Rodriguez R, Nithy TK, Arosh JA. Transport of prostaglandin F(2alpha) pulses from the uterus to the ovary at the time of luteolysis in ruminants is regulated by prostaglandin transporter-mediated mechanisms. Endocrinology 2010; 151:3326-35. [PMID: 20410207 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In ruminants, prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF(2alpha)) is the uterine luteolytic hormone. During luteolysis, PGF(2alpha) is synthesized and released from the endometrium in a pulsatile pattern. The unique structure of the vascular utero-ovarian plexus (UOP) allows transport of luteolytic PGF(2alpha) pulses directly from the uterus to the ovary, thus bypassing the systemic circulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not known. The objective of the present study was to determine a role for PG transporter protein (PGT) in the compartmental transport of PGF(2alpha) from uterus to ovary through the UOP at the time of luteolysis using the sheep as a ruminant model. [(3)H]PGF(2alpha), with or without a PGT inhibitor, was infused into UOP, and PGF(2alpha) transport and PGT protein expression were determined. Results indicate that PGT protein is expressed in tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia of the utero-ovarian vein and the ovarian artery of the UOP, and the expression levels are higher on d 10-15 compared with d 3-6 of the estrous cycle. Pharmacological inhibition of PGT prevented transport of exogenous [(3)H]PGF(2alpha) as well as oxytocin-induced endogenous luteolytic PGF(2alpha) pulse up to 80% from uterine venous blood into ovarian arterial blood through the UOP at the time of luteolysis in sheep. Taken together, these results indicate that at the time of luteolysis, transport of PGF(2alpha) from uterus to ovary through the UOP is regulated by PGT-mediated mechanisms. These findings also suggest that impaired PGT-mediated transport of PGF(2alpha) from the utero-ovarian vein into the ovarian artery could adversely influence luteolysis and thus affect fertility in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeHoon Lee
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Breuiller-Fouché M, Leroy MJ, Dubois O, Reinaud P, Chissey A, Qi H, Germain G, Fortier MA, Charpigny G. Differential Expression of the Enzymatic System Controlling Synthesis, Metabolism, and Transport of PGF2 Alpha in Human Fetal Membranes1. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:155-62. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), but not prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), alters luteal and endometrial luteinizing hormone (LH) occupied and unoccupied LH receptors and mRNA for LH receptors in ovine luteal tissue to prevent luteolysis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2010; 91:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Van Poucke M, Melkebeek V, Erkens T, Van Zeveren A, Cox E, Peelman LJ. Molecular cloning and characterization of the porcine prostaglandin transporter (SLCO2A1): evaluation of its role in F4 mediated neonatal diarrhoea. BMC Genet 2009; 10:64. [PMID: 19807916 PMCID: PMC2763009 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because prostaglandins are involved in many (patho)physiological processes, SLCO2A1 was already characterized in several species in an attempt to unravel specific processes/deficiencies. Here, we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of the porcine ortholog in order to evaluate its possible involvement in F4 enterotoxigenic E. coli mediated neonatal diarrhoea, based on a positional candidate gene approach study. Results Porcine SLCO2A1 is organized in 14 exons, containing an open reading frame of 1935 bp, encoding a 12-transmembrane organic anion cell surface transporter of 644 aa. The -388 to -5 upstream region comprises a (CpG)48 island containing a number of conserved promoter elements, including a TATA box. A potential alternative promoter region was found in the conserved -973 to -700 upstream region. No consensus polyadenylation signal was discovered in the 3' UTR. Repeat sequences were found in 15% of all the non coding sequences. As expected for a multifunctional protein, a wide tissue distribution was observed. mRNA expression was found in the adrenal gland, bladder, caecum, colon (centripetal coil/centrifugal coil), diaphragm, duodenum, gallbladder, heart, ileum, jejunum, kidney, liver, longissimus dorsi muscle, lung, lymph node, mesenterium, rectum, spleen, stomach, tongue and ureter, but not in the aorta, oesophagus and pancreas. The promoter region and the exons (including the splice sites) of SLCO2A1 were resequenced in 5 F4ab/ac receptor positive and 5 F4ab/ac receptor negative pigs. Two silent and 2 missense (both S → L at position 360 and 633) mutations were found, but none was associated with the F4ab/ac receptor phenotype. In addition, no phenotype associated differential mRNA expression or alternative/abberant splicing/polyadenylation was found in the jejunum. Conclusion The molecular cloning and characterization of porcine SLCO2A1 not only contributes to the already existing knowledge about the transporter in general, but enables studies on porcine prostaglandin related processes/deficiencies as patient and/or model. Here we examined its possible involvement as receptor in F4 enterotoxigenic E. coli mediated neonatal diarrhoea. Because no phenotype associated differences could be found in the gene sequence nor in its jejunal transcription profile of F4ab/ac receptor positive/negative pigs, SLCO2A1 can most likely be excluded as receptor for F4 bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Van Poucke
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Ulbrich SE, Schulke K, Groebner AE, Reichenbach HD, Angioni C, Geisslinger G, Meyer HHD. Quantitative characterization of prostaglandins in the uterus of early pregnant cattle. Reproduction 2009; 138:371-82. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-09-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are important regulators of reproductive processes including early embryonic development. We analyzed the most relevant PG in bovine uteri at different preimplantation pregnancy stages when compared with non-pregnant controls. Additionally, endometrium and trophoblast tissues were examined regarding specific enzymes and receptors involved in PG generation and function. Simmental heifers were artificially inseminated or received seminal plasma only. At days 12, 15, or 18, post-estrus uteri were flushed for PG determination by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Endometrium and trophoblast tissues were sampled for RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. At all days and points of time examined, the concentration of 6-keto PGF1α (stable metabolite of PGI2) was predominant followed by PGF2α>PGE2>PGD2≈TXB2 (stable metabolite of TXA2). At days 15 and 18, PG increased from overall low levels at day 12, with a much more pronounced increase during pregnancy. The PGF2α/PGE2 ratio was not influenced by status. The highest PG concentration was measured at day 15 with 6-keto PGF1α (6.4 ng/ml) followed by PGF2α (1.1 ng/ml) and PGE2 (0.3 ng/ml). Minor changes in endometrial PG biosynthesis enzymes occurred due to pregnancy. Trophoblasts revealed high transcript abundance of general and specific PG synthases contributing to uterine PG. As PGI2 and PGF2α receptors were abundantly expressed by the trophoblast, abundant amounts of PGI2 and PGF2α in the uterine lumen point towards an essential role of PG for the developing embryo. High amounts of PG other than PGE2 in the preimplantation uterus may be essential rather than detrimental for successful reproduction.
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Fortune J, Willis E, Bridges P, Yang C. The periovulatory period in cattle: progesterone, prostaglandins, oxytocin and ADAMTS proteases. Anim Reprod 2009; 6:60-71. [PMID: 20390049 PMCID: PMC2853051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovulation has long been recognized as one of the most dramatic reproductive processes. Decades of research on how the LH/FSH surge leads to ovulation have made it clear that the surge induces a very complex cascade of changes. Studies of genetically modified mice have pointed to progesterone (P4) and its receptor (PGR) and the prostaglandins (PGs) as critical components of the ovulatory cascade. In cattle, the gonadotropin surge also induces oxytocin (OT), which does not appear to increase in rodent periovulatory follicles. This review is an attempt to summarize studies by our laboratory on the temporal patterns, roles, regulation, and interrelationships among P4/PGR, PGs, and OT in bovine periovulatory follicles. Most of these results are based on an experimental model in which the dominant follicle of the first follicular wave of the estrous cycle is induced to develop into a preovulatory follicle by injection of PGF(2α) on Day 6 of the cycle, followed 36 h later by an injection of GnRH to induce the LH/FSH surge. The results suggest that the effects of the gonadotropin surge on PG production by bovine granulosa cells are mediated by the gonadotropin-induced increase in intrafollicular P4 and that P4 acts by binding to its nuclear receptor and increasing the abundance of mRNA for the enzyme PTGS2 (COX-2). Our data thus far also support the hypothesis that PGs, especially PGE(2), can stimulate progesterone secretion by both follicular cell types and suggest a positive feedback relationship between P4/PGR and the PGs. Additional results suggest a positive feedback loop between P4/PGR and OT. The finding that levels of mRNA for several ADAMTS proteases are regulated by the LH/FSH surge in vivo and by P4/PGR and/or PGs in vitro suggests a role for this family of proteases in remodeling the bovine ovulatory follicle in preparation for ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum. It is important to remember that a process essential for reproduction, such as ovulation, may involve redundant mechanisms and that these mechanisms may have evolved differently from rodents in larger mammalian species, such as ruminants and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.E. Fortune
- Corresponding author: , Phone +1(607)253-3466; Fax: +1(607)253-3476
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Chi Y, Pucci ML, Schuster VL. Dietary salt induces transcription of the prostaglandin transporter gene in renal collecting ducts. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F765-71. [PMID: 18579702 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00564.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) plays an important role in maintaining body fluid homeostasis by activating its receptors on the renal collecting duct (CD) to stimulate renal Na(+) and water excretion. The PG carrier prostaglandin transporter (PGT) is expressed on the CD apical membrane, where it mediates PG reuptake as part of the termination of autocrine PG signaling. Here we tested the hypothesis that dietary salt loading regulates PGT gene transcription in renal CDs. We placed green fluorescence protein (GFP) under control of 3.3 kb of the mouse PGT promoter and injected this construct into the pronuclei of fertilized FVB mouse eggs. Four of thirty-eight offspring were GFP positive by genotyping. We extensively characterized one (no. 29) PGT-GFP transgenic mouse line. On microscopic examination, GFP was expressed in CDs as determined by their expression of aquaporin-2. We fed mice a low (0.03% NaCl)-, normal (0.3% NaCl)-, or high-salt (3% NaCl) diet for 2 wk and quantified CD GFP expression. The average number of GFP-positive CD cells per microscopic section varied directly with dietary salt intake. Compared with mice on the control (0.3% sodium) diet, mice on a low-sodium (0.03%) diet had reduced numbers of GFP-positive cells (71% of control, P < 0.001), whereas mice on a high-sodium (3%) diet had increased numbers of GFP-positive cells (139% of control, P < 0.001). This increase in apparent CD PGT transcription resulted in a 51-55% increase (P < 0.001) in whole kidney PGT mRNA levels as determined by real-time PCR. The regulation of PG signal termination via reuptake represents a new pathway for controlling renal Na(+) balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Krzymowski T, Stefańczyk-Krzymowska S. The role of the endometrium in endocrine regulation of the animal oestrous cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43:80-91. [PMID: 18199263 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A critical analysis of the results of research in the function of the endometrium was carried out and a view point presented. The role of the endometrium in endocrine regulation of the oestrus cycle can be summarized as follows: 1. The transfer of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) from the uterus to an ovary, which causes luteolysis, occurs mainly via the lymphatic pathways. 2. The system of retrograde transfer of PGs enables PGF(2alpha) and PGE(2) to reach the myometrium and endometrium with arterial blood at high concentration. In the luteal phase, PGF(2alpha), together with the increasing concentration of progesterone, constricts the arterial vessels of the uterus; in the follicular phase and in early pregnancy, PGE(2) together with oestrogen and embryonic signals, relaxes the arterial vessels. In addition, this system protects the corpus luteum from premature luteolysis during the cycle and luteolysis during early pregnancy. 3. In days 10-12 of the cycle, the blood flow in the uterus decreases by 60-70% in pigs and around 90% in sheep. This causes ischaemia and local hypoxia confirmed by the presence of hypoxia inducible factor and thus remodelling of the endometrium commences. 4. The pulsatile elevations in PGF(2alpha) concentration occurring in the blood flowing out of the uterus during the period of luteolysis and the next few days, do not result from increased PGF(2alpha) synthesis as suggested in numerous studies. They are the effect of excretion of PGF(2alpha) and its metabolites together with lymph and venous blood and tissue fluids in which prostaglandin accumulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Krzymowski
- Department of Local Physiological Regulations, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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