1
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Lin WC, Chang HH, Huang ZB, Huang LC, Kuo WC, Cheng MC. COP1-ERF1-SCE1 regulatory module fine-tunes stress response under light-dark cycle in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1877-1894. [PMID: 38343027 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 1 (ERF1) plays an important role in integrating hormone crosstalk and stress responses. Previous studies have shown that ERF1 is unstable in the dark and its degradation is mediated by UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME 18. However, whether there are other enzymes regulating ERF1's stability remains unclear. Here, we use various in vitro and in vivo biochemical, genetic and stress-tolerance tests to demonstrate that both CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and SUMO-CONJUGATING ENZYME 1 (SCE1) regulate the stability of ERF1. We also performed transcriptomic analyses to understand their common regulatory pathways. We show that COP1 mediates ERF1 ubiquitination in the dark while SCE1 mediates ERF1 sumoylation in the light. ERF1 stability is positively regulated by SCE1 and negatively regulated by COP1. Upon abiotic stress, SCE1 plays a positive role in stress defence by regulating the expression of ERF1's downstream stress-responsive genes, whereas COP1 plays a negative role in stress response. Moreover, ERF1 also promotes photomorphogenesis and the expression of light-responsive genes. Our study reveals the molecular mechanism of how COP1 and SCE1 counteract to regulate ERF1's stability and light-stress signalling crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chi Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsien Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Bin Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Chen Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Kuo
- Fruit and Flower Industry Division, Agriculture and Food Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Sougrakpam Y, Babuta P, Deswal R. Nitric oxide (NO) modulates low temperature-stress signaling via S-nitrosation, a NO PTM, inducing ethylene biosynthesis inhibition leading to enhanced post-harvest shelf-life of agricultural produce. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2051-2065. [PMID: 38222283 PMCID: PMC10784255 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01371-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Low temperature (cold) stress is one of the major abiotic stress conditions affecting crop productivity worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO) is a dynamic signaling molecule that interacts with various stress regulators and provides abiotic stress tolerance. Stress enhanced NO contributes to S-nitrosothiol accumulation which causes oxidation of the -SH group in proteins leading to S-nitrosation, a post-translational modification. Cold stress induced in vivo S-nitrosation of > 240 proteins majorly belonging to stress/signaling/redox (myrosinase, SOD, GST, CS, DHAR), photosynthesis (RuBisCO, PRK), metabolism (FBA, GAPDH, TPI, SBPase), and cell wall modification (Beta-xylosidases, alpha-l-arabinogalactan) in different crop plants indicated role of NO in these important cellular and metabolic pathways. NO mediated regulation of a transcription factor CBF (C-repeat Binding Factor, a transcription factor) at transcriptional and post-translational level was shown in Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. NO donor priming enhances seed germination, breaks dormancy and provides tolerance to stress in crops. Its role in averting stress, promoting seed germination, and delaying senescence paved the way for use of NO and NO releasing compounds to prevent crop loss and increase the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. An alternative to energy consuming and expensive cold storage led to development of a storage device called "shelf-life enhancer" that delays senescence and increases shelf-life at ambient temperature (25-27 °C) using NO donor. The present review summarizes NO research in plants and exploration of NO for its translational potential to improve agricultural yield and post-harvest crop loss. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01371-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiphabi Sougrakpam
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007 India
| | - Priyanka Babuta
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007 India
| | - Renu Deswal
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi 110007 India
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3
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Shao W, Sun K, Ma T, Jiang H, Hahn M, Ma Z, Jiao C, Yin Y. SUMOylation regulates low-temperature survival and oxidative DNA damage tolerance in Botrytis cinerea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:817-834. [PMID: 36651012 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SUMOylation as one of the protein post-translational modifications plays crucial roles in multiple biological processes of eukaryotic organisms. Botrytis cinerea is a devastating fungal pathogen and capable of infecting plant hosts at low temperature. However, the molecular mechanisms of low-temperature adaptation are largely unknown in fungi. Combining with biochemical methods and biological analyses, we report that SUMOylation regulates pathogen survival at low temperature and oxidative DNA damage response during infection in B. cinerea. The heat shock protein (Hsp70) BcSsb and E3 ubiquitin ligase BcRad18 were identified as substrates of SUMOylation; moreover, their SUMOylation both requires a single unique SUMO-interacting motif (SIM). SUMOylated BcSsb regulates β-tubulin accumulation, thereby affecting the stability of microtubules and consequently mycelial growth at low temperature. On the contrary, SUMOylated BcRad18 modulates mono-ubiquitination of the sliding clamp protein proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which is involved in response to oxidative DNA damage during infection. Our study uncovers the molecular mechanisms of SUMOylation-mediated low-temperature survival and oxidative DNA damage tolerance during infection in a devastating fungal pathogen, which provides novel insights into low-temperature adaptation and pathogenesis for postharvest pathogens as well as new targets for inhibitor invention in disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianling Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huixian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, PO Box 3049, 67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanni Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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The Key Roles of ROS and RNS as a Signaling Molecule in Plant-Microbe Interactions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020268. [PMID: 36829828 PMCID: PMC9952064 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play a pivotal role in the dynamic cell signaling systems in plants, even under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Over the past two decades, various studies have endorsed the notion that these molecules can act as intracellular and intercellular signaling molecules at a very low concentration to control plant growth and development, symbiotic association, and defense mechanisms in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, the upsurge of ROS and RNS under stressful conditions can lead to cell damage, retarded growth, and delayed development of plants. As signaling molecules, ROS and RNS have gained great attention from plant scientists and have been studied under different developmental stages of plants. However, the role of RNS and RNS signaling in plant-microbe interactions is still unknown. Different organelles of plant cells contain the enzymes necessary for the formation of ROS and RNS as well as their scavengers, and the spatial and temporal positions of these enzymes determine the signaling pathways. In the present review, we aimed to report the production of ROS and RNS, their role as signaling molecules during plant-microbe interactions, and the antioxidant system as a balancing system in the synthesis and elimination of these species.
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Borrowman S, Kapuganti JG, Loake GJ. Expanding roles for S-nitrosylation in the regulation of plant immunity. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:357-368. [PMID: 36513331 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Following pathogen recognition, plant cells produce a nitrosative burst resulting in a striking increase in nitric oxide (NO), altering the redox state of the cell, which subsequently helps orchestrate a plethora of immune responses. NO is a potent redox cue, efficiently relayed between proteins through its co-valent attachment to highly specific, powerfully reactive protein cysteine (Cys) thiols, resulting in formation of protein S-nitrosothiols (SNOs). This process, known as S-nitrosylation, can modulate the function of target proteins, enabling responsiveness to cellular redox changes. Key targets of S-nitrosylation control the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the transcription of immune-response genes, the triggering of the hypersensitive response (HR) and the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Here, we bring together recent advances in the control of plant immunity by S-nitrosylation, furthering our appreciation of how changes in cellular redox status reprogramme plant immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Borrowman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | | | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK; Centre for Engineering Biology, Max Born Crescent, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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6
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Ding LN, Li YT, Wu YZ, Li T, Geng R, Cao J, Zhang W, Tan XL. Plant Disease Resistance-Related Signaling Pathways: Recent Progress and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416200. [PMID: 36555841 PMCID: PMC9785534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-pathogen interactions induce a signal transmission series that stimulates the plant's host defense system against pathogens and this, in turn, leads to disease resistance responses. Plant innate immunity mainly includes two lines of the defense system, called pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). There is extensive signal exchange and recognition in the process of triggering the plant immune signaling network. Plant messenger signaling molecules, such as calcium ions, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide, and plant hormone signaling molecules, such as salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene, play key roles in inducing plant defense responses. In addition, heterotrimeric G proteins, the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in regulating disease resistance and the defense signal transduction network. This paper summarizes the status and progress in plant disease resistance and disease resistance signal transduction pathway research in recent years; discusses the complexities of, and interactions among, defense signal pathways; and forecasts future research prospects to provide new ideas for the prevention and control of plant diseases.
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7
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E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (UBCs): drivers of ubiquitin signalling in plants. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:99-110. [PMID: 35766526 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Most research in the field of ubiquitination has focused on E3 ubiquitin ligases because they are the specificity determinants of the ubiquitination process. Nevertheless, E2s are responsible for the catalysis during ubiquitin transfer, and are therefore, at the heart of the ubiquitination process. Arabidopsis has 37 ubiquitin E2s with additional ones mediating the attachment of ubiquitin-like proteins (e.g. SUMO, Nedd8 and ATG8). Importantly, E2s largely determine the type of ubiquitin chain built, and therefore, the type of signal that decides over the fate of the modified protein, such as degradation by the proteasome (Lys48-linked ubiquitin chains) or relocalization (Lys63-linked ubiquitin chains). Moreover, new regulatory layers impinging on E2s activity, including post-translational modifications or cofactors, are emerging that highlight the importance of E2s.
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8
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Smalley S, Hellmann H. Review: Exploring possible approaches using ubiquitylation and sumoylation pathways in modifying plant stress tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111275. [PMID: 35487671 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and similar proteins, such as SUMO, are utilized by plants to modify target proteins to rapidly change their stability and activity in cells. This review will provide an overview of these crucial protein interactions with a focus on ubiquitylation and sumoylation in plants and how they contribute to stress tolerance. The work will also explore possibilities to use these highly conserved pathways for novel approaches to generate more robust crop plants better fit to cope with abiotic and biotic stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Smalley
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
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9
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Song X, Wang T, Zhang Y, Yu JQ, Xia XJ. S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Contributes to Thermotolerance by Modulating High Temperature-Induced Apoplastic H 2O 2 in Solanum lycopersicum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:862649. [PMID: 35498691 PMCID: PMC9042256 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.862649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is considered as a critical regulator of plant stress tolerance for its impacts on protein S-nitrosylation through regulation of the S-nitrosothiol (SNO) level. However, the mechanism of GSNOR-mediated stress tolerance is still obscure. Here, we found that GSNOR activity was induced by high temperature in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants, whereas mRNA level of SlGSNOR1 exhibited little response. Suppressing SlGSNOR1 expression by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased accumulation of SNO and nitrites under high temperature and reduced thermotolerance. The compromised thermotolerance was associated with less accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), attenuated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and reduced expression of heat shock protein. Intriguingly, SlGSNOR1 silencing impaired upregulation of RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG1 (SlRBOH1) and apoplastic H2O2 accumulation in response to high temperature, whereas SlRBOH1 silencing abolished activation of GSNOR and led to a similar decline in thermotolerance as in SlGSNOR1-silenced plants. Importantly, H2O2 treatment recovered the thermotolerance and improved antioxidant capacity in SlGSNOR1-silenced plants. Our results suggest that GSNOR plays a role in regulating the SlRBOH1-dependent apoplastic H2O2 production in response to high temperature, while a balanced interaction between SNO and H2O2 is critical for maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis and thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Song
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Quan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Wang G, Yuan J, Luo J, Ocansey DKW, Zhang X, Qian H, Xu W, Mao F. Emerging role of protein modification in inflammatory bowel disease. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:173-188. [PMID: 35261214 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves many factors, including environmental parameters, microorganisms, and the immune system. Although research on IBD continues to expand, the specific pathogenesis mechanism is still unclear. Protein modification refers to chemical modification after protein biosynthesis, also known as post-translational modification (PTM), which causes changes in the properties and functions of proteins. Since proteins can be modified in different ways, such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, the functions of proteins in different modified states will also be different. Transitions between different states of protein or changes in modification sites can regulate protein properties and functions. Such modifications like neddylation, sumoylation, glycosylation, and acetylation can activate or inhibit various signaling pathways (e.g., nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT)) by changing the intestinal flora, regulating immune cells, modulating the release of cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and ultimately leading to the maintenance of the stability of the intestinal epithelial barrier. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of PTM and describe its regulatory role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jintao Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, the People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Zhenjiang 212300, China
| | - Ji Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,Directorate of University Health Services, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast 02630, Ghana
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Gupta KJ, Kaladhar VC, Fitzpatrick TB, Fernie AR, Møller IM, Loake GJ. Nitric oxide regulation of plant metabolism. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:228-242. [PMID: 34971792 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important signal molecule in plants, having myriad roles in plant development. In addition, NO also orchestrates both biotic and abiotic stress responses, during which intensive cellular metabolic reprogramming occurs. Integral to these responses is the location of NO biosynthetic and scavenging pathways in diverse cellular compartments, enabling plants to effectively organize signal transduction pathways. NO regulates plant metabolism and, in turn, metabolic pathways reciprocally regulate NO accumulation and function. Thus, these diverse cellular processes are inextricably linked. This review addresses the numerous redox pathways, located in the various subcellular compartments that produce NO, in addition to the mechanisms underpinning NO scavenging. We focus on how this molecular dance is integrated into the metabolic state of the cell. Within this context, a reciprocal relationship between NO accumulation and metabolite production is often apparent. We also showcase cellular pathways, including those associated with nitrate reduction, that provide evidence for this integration of NO function and metabolism. Finally, we discuss the potential importance of the biochemical reactions governing NO levels in determining plant responses to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi 110067 India.
| | - Vemula Chandra Kaladhar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, Delhi 110067 India
| | - Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Vitamins and Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211 Switzerland
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476 Germany
| | - Ian Max Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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Pande A, Mun BG, Khan M, Rahim W, Lee DS, Lee GM, Al Azawi TNI, Hussain A, Yun BW. Nitric Oxide Signaling and Its Association with Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031657. [PMID: 35163578 PMCID: PMC8835921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile signaling molecule with diverse roles in plant biology. The NO-mediated signaling mechanism includes post-translational modifications (PTMs) of target proteins. There exists a close link between NO-mediated PTMs and the proteasomal degradation of proteins via ubiquitylation. In some cases, ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of target proteins is followed by an NO-mediated post-translational modification on them, while in other cases NO-mediated PTMs can regulate the ubiquitylation of the components of ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal machinery for promoting their activity. Another pathway that links NO signaling with the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of proteins is the N-degron pathway. Overall, these mechanisms reflect an important mechanism of NO signal perception and transduction that reflect a close association of NO signaling with proteasomal degradation via ubiquitylation. Therefore, this review provides insight into those pathways that link NO-PTMs with ubiquitylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Pande
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (B.-G.M.); (M.K.); (W.R.); (D.-S.L.); (G.-M.L.); (T.N.I.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (B.-G.M.); (M.K.); (W.R.); (D.-S.L.); (G.-M.L.); (T.N.I.A.A.)
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (B.-G.M.); (M.K.); (W.R.); (D.-S.L.); (G.-M.L.); (T.N.I.A.A.)
| | - Waqas Rahim
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (B.-G.M.); (M.K.); (W.R.); (D.-S.L.); (G.-M.L.); (T.N.I.A.A.)
| | - Da-Sol Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (B.-G.M.); (M.K.); (W.R.); (D.-S.L.); (G.-M.L.); (T.N.I.A.A.)
| | - Geun-Mo Lee
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (B.-G.M.); (M.K.); (W.R.); (D.-S.L.); (G.-M.L.); (T.N.I.A.A.)
| | - Tiba Nazar Ibrahim Al Azawi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (B.-G.M.); (M.K.); (W.R.); (D.-S.L.); (G.-M.L.); (T.N.I.A.A.)
| | - Adil Hussain
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Pathology and Functional Genomics, Department of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; (B.-G.M.); (M.K.); (W.R.); (D.-S.L.); (G.-M.L.); (T.N.I.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (B.-W.Y.)
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Kohlhase DR, McCabe CE, Singh AK, O’Rourke JA, Graham MA. Comparing Early Transcriptomic Responses of 18 Soybean ( Glycine max) Genotypes to Iron Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11643. [PMID: 34769077 PMCID: PMC8583884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an abiotic stress that negatively affects soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production. Much of our knowledge of IDC stress responses is derived from model plant species. Gene expression, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed in soybean suggest that stress response differences exist between model and crop species. Our current understanding of the molecular response to IDC in soybeans is largely derived from gene expression studies using near-isogenic lines differing in iron efficiency. To improve iron efficiency in soybeans and other crops, we need to expand gene expression studies to include the diversity present in germplasm collections. Therefore, we collected 216 purified RNA samples (18 genotypes, two tissue types [leaves and roots], two iron treatments [sufficient and deficient], three replicates) and used RNA sequencing to examine the expression differences of 18 diverse soybean genotypes in response to iron deficiency. We found a rapid response to iron deficiency across genotypes, most responding within 60 min of stress. There was little evidence of an overlap of specific differentially expressed genes, and comparisons of gene ontology terms and transcription factor families suggest the utilization of different pathways in the stress response. These initial findings suggest an untapped genetic potential within the soybean germplasm collection that could be used for the continued improvement of iron efficiency in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Kohlhase
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Chantal E. McCabe
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Asheesh K. Singh
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.R.K.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Jamie A. O’Rourke
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Michelle A. Graham
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)—Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
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14
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Ghimire S, Tang X, Liu W, Fu X, Zhang H, Zhang N, Si H. SUMO conjugating enzyme: a vital player of SUMO pathway in plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2421-2431. [PMID: 34744375 PMCID: PMC8526628 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants face numerous challenges such as biotic and abiotic stresses during their whole lifecycle. As they are sessile in nature, they ought to develop multiple ways to act during stressed conditions to maintain cellular homeostasis. Among various defense mechanisms, the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO) pathway is considered as the most important because several nuclear proteins regulated by this pathway are involved in several cellular functions such as response to stress, transcription, translation, metabolism of RNA, energy metabolism, repairing damaged DNA, ensuring genome stability and nuclear trafficking. In general, the SUMO pathway has its own particular set of enzymes E1, E2, and E3. The SUMO conjugating enzyme [SCE (E2)] is a very crucial member of the pathway which can transfer SUMO to its target protein even without the involvement of E3. More than just a middle player, it has shown its involvement in effective triggered immunity in crops like tomato and various abiotic stresses like drought and salinity in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis. This review tries to explore the importance of the SUMOylation process, focusing on the E2 enzyme and its regulatory role in the abiotic stress response, plant immunity, and DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantwana Ghimire
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaijun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 People’s Republic of China
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15
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Kolbert Z, Lindermayr C. Computational prediction of NO-dependent posttranslational modifications in plants: Current status and perspectives. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:851-861. [PMID: 34536898 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The perception and transduction of nitric oxide (NO) signal is achieved by NO-dependent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) among which S-nitrosation and tyrosine nitration has biological significance. In plants, 100-1000 S-nitrosated and tyrosine nitrated proteins have been identified so far by mass spectrometry. The determination of NO-modified protein targets/amino acid residues is often methodologically challenging. In the past decade, the growing demand for the knowledge of S-nitrosated or tyrosine nitrated sites has motivated the introduction of bioinformatics tools. For predicting S-nitrosation seven computational tools have been developed (GPS-SNO, SNOSite, iSNO-PseACC, iSNO-AAPAir, PSNO, PreSNO, RecSNO). Four predictors have been developed for indicating tyrosine nitration sites (GPS-YNO2, iNitro-Tyr, PredNTS, iNitroY-Deep), and one tool (DeepNitro) predicts both NO-dependent PTMs. The advantage of these computational tools is the fast provision of large amount of information. In this review, the available software tools have been tested on plant proteins in which S-nitrosated or tyrosine nitrated sites have been experimentally identified. The predictors showed distinct performance and there were differences from the experimental results partly due to the fact that the three-dimensional protein structure is not taken into account by the computational tools. Nevertheless, the predictors excellently establish experiments, and it is suggested to apply all available tools on target proteins and compare their results. In the future, computational prediction must be developed further to improve the precision with which S-nitrosation/tyrosine nitration-sites are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, D-85764, Oberschleißheim, München, Germany.
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16
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Ingole KD, Kasera M, van den Burg HA, Bhattacharjee S. Antagonism between SUMO1/2 and SUMO3 regulates SUMO conjugate levels and fine-tunes immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6640-6658. [PMID: 34145454 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of SMALL UBIQUITIN-LIKE MODIFIER (SUMO) to target proteins regulates a plethora of cellular processes across eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutants with abnormal SUMO1/2 conjugate levels display a dwarf stature, autoimmunity, and altered stress responses to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SUMO pathway is known to autoregulate its biochemical activity (via allosteric interactions), we assessed whether the emergence of additional SUMO paralogs in Arabidopsis has introduced the capacity of self-regulation by means of isoform diversification in this model plant. By studying the plant defense responses elicited by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, we provide genetic evidence that SUM3, a divergent paralog, acts downstream of the two main SUMO paralogues, SUM1/2. The expression of SUM3 apparently buffers or suppresses the function of SUM1/2 by controlling the timing and amplitude of the immune response. Moreover, SUM1 and SUM2 work additively to suppress both basal and TNL-specific immunity, a specific branch of the immune network. Finally, our data reveal that SUM3 is required for the global increase in SUMO1/2 conjugates upon exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses, namely heat and pathogen exposure. We cannot exclude that this latter effect is independent of the role of SUM3 in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishor D Ingole
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121 001, Haryana, India
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar-751 024, Odisha, India
| | - Mritunjay Kasera
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Molecular Plant Pathology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saikat Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Plant Resistance, UNESCO Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad-121 001, Haryana, India
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17
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Sharma M, Fuertes D, Perez-Gil J, Lois LM. SUMOylation in Phytopathogen Interactions: Balancing Invasion and Resistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703795. [PMID: 34485289 PMCID: PMC8415633 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are constantly confronted by a multitude of biotic stresses involving a myriad of pathogens. In crops, pathogen infections result in significant agronomical losses worldwide posing a threat to food security. In order to enter plant tissues and establish a successful infection, phytopathogens have to surpass several physical, and chemical defense barriers. In recent years, post-translational modification (PTM) mechanisms have emerged as key players in plant defense against pathogens. PTMs allow a highly dynamic and rapid response in front of external challenges, increasing the complexity and precision of cellular responses. In this review, we focus on the role of SUMO conjugation (SUMOylation) in plant immunity against fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In plants, SUMO regulates multiple biological processes, ranging from development to responses arising from environmental challenges. During pathogen attack, SUMO not only modulates the activity of plant defense components, but also serves as a target of pathogen effectors, highlighting its broad role in plant immunity. Here, we summarize known pathogenic strategies targeting plant SUMOylation and, the plant SUMO conjugates involved in host-pathogen interactions. We also provide a catalog of candidate SUMO conjugates according to their role in defense responses. Finally, we discuss the complex role of SUMO in plant defense, focusing on key biological and experimental aspects that contribute to some controversial conclusions, and the opportunities for improving agricultural productivity by engineering SUMOylation in crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Sharma
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.,Biosciences, College of Life and Environment Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Fuertes
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Perez-Gil
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Maria Lois
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain.,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Trujillo M. Ubiquitin signalling: controlling the message of surface immune receptors. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:47-53. [PMID: 33792068 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial attack is first detected by immune receptors located at the plasma membrane. Their activation triggers a plethora of signalling cascades that culminate in the immune response. Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like protein modifiers play key roles in controlling signalling amplitude and intensity, as well as in buffering proteome imbalances caused by pathogen attack. Here I highlight some of the important advances in the field, which are starting to reveal an intertwined and complex signalling circuitry, which regulates cellular dynamics and protein degradation to maintain homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Trujillo
- Faculty of Biology, Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
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19
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Lessons from Comparison of Hypoxia Signaling in Plants and Mammals. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050993. [PMID: 34067566 PMCID: PMC8157222 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important stress for organisms, including plants and mammals. In plants, hypoxia can be the consequence of flooding and causes important crop losses worldwide. In mammals, hypoxia stress may be the result of pathological conditions. Understanding the regulation of responses to hypoxia offers insights into novel approaches for crop improvement, particularly for the development of flooding-tolerant crops and for producing better therapeutics for hypoxia-related diseases such as inflammation and cancer. Despite their evolutionary distance, plants and mammals deploy strikingly similar mechanisms to sense and respond to the different aspects of hypoxia-related stress, including low oxygen levels and the resulting energy crisis, nutrient depletion, and oxidative stress. Over the last two decades, the ubiquitin/proteasome system and the ubiquitin-like protein SUMO have been identified as key regulators that act in concert to regulate core aspects of responses to hypoxia in plants and mammals. Here, we review ubiquitin and SUMO-dependent mechanisms underlying the regulation of hypoxia response in plants and mammals. By comparing and contrasting these mechanisms in plants and mammals, this review seeks to pinpoint conceptually similar mechanisms but also highlight future avenues of research at the junction between different fields of research.
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20
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Lubega J, Umbreen S, Loake GJ. Recent advances in the regulation of plant immunity by S-nitrosylation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:864-872. [PMID: 33005916 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation, the addition of a nitric oxide (NO) moiety to a reactive protein cysteine (Cys) thiol, to form a protein S-nitrosothiol (SNO), is emerging as a key regulatory post-translational modification (PTM) to control the plant immune response. NO also S-nitrosylates the antioxidant tripeptide, glutathione, to form S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), both a storage reservoir of NO bioactivity and a natural NO donor. GSNO and, by extension, S-nitrosylation, are controlled by GSNO reductase1 (GSNOR1). The emerging data suggest that GSNOR1 itself is a target of NO-mediated S-nitrosylation, which subsequently controls its selective autophagy, regulating cellular protein SNO levels. Recent findings also suggest that S-nitrosylation may be deployed by pathogen-challenged host cells to counteract the effect of delivered microbial effector proteins that promote pathogenesis and by the pathogens themselves to augment virulence. Significantly, it also appears that S-nitrosylation may regulate plant immune functions by controlling SUMOylation, a peptide-based PTM. In this context, global SUMOylation is regulated by S-nitrosylation of SUMO conjugating enzyme 1 (SCE1) at Cys139. This redox-based PTM has also been shown to control the function of a key zinc finger transcriptional regulator during the establishment of plant immunity. Here, we provide an update of these recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibril Lubega
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Saima Umbreen
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Kolbert Z, Szőllősi R, Feigl G, Kónya Z, Rónavári A. Nitric oxide signalling in plant nanobiology: current status and perspectives. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:928-940. [PMID: 33053152 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant nanobiology as a novel research field provides a scientific basis for the agricultural use of nanoparticles (NPs). Plants respond to the presence of nanomaterials by synthesizing signal molecules, such as the multifunctional gaseous nitric oxide (NO). Several reports have described the effects of different nanomaterials (primarily chitosan NPs, metal oxide NPs, and carbon nanotubes) on endogenous NO synthesis and signalling in different plant species. Other works have demonstrated the ameliorating effect of exogenous NO donor (primarily sodium nitroprusside) treatments on NP-induced stress. NO-releasing NPs are preferred alternatives to chemical NO donors, and evaluating their effects on plants has recently begun. Previous studies clearly indicate that endogenous NO production in the presence of nanomaterials or NO levels increased by exogenous treatments (NO-releasing NPs or chemical NO donors) exerts growth-promoting and stress-ameliorating effects in plants. Furthermore, an NP-based nanosensor for NO detection in plants has been developed, providing a new and excellent perspective for basic research and also for the evaluation of plants' health status in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Szőllősi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Feigl
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Rónavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Astier J, Rossi J, Chatelain P, Klinguer A, Besson-Bard A, Rosnoblet C, Jeandroz S, Nicolas-Francès V, Wendehenne D. Nitric oxide production and signalling in algae. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:781-792. [PMID: 32910824 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) was the first identified gaseous messenger and is now well established as a major ubiquitous signalling molecule. The rapid development of our understanding of NO biology in embryophytes came with the partial characterization of the pathways underlying its production and with the decrypting of signalling networks mediating its effects. Notably, the identification of proteins regulated by NO through nitrosation greatly enhanced our perception of NO functions. In comparison, the role of NO in algae has been less investigated. Yet, studies in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have produced key insights into NO production through the identification of NO-forming nitrite reductase and of S-nitrosated proteins. More intriguingly, in contrast to embryophytes, a few algal species possess a conserved nitric oxide synthase, the main enzyme catalysing NO synthesis in metazoans. This latter finding paves the way for a deeper characterization of novel members of the NO synthase family. Nevertheless, the typical NO-cyclic GMP signalling module transducing NO effects in metazoans is not conserved in algae, nor in embryophytes, highlighting a divergent acquisition of NO signalling between the green and the animal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Astier
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Jordan Rossi
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Chatelain
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Agnès Klinguer
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Angélique Besson-Bard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Claire Rosnoblet
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Jeandroz
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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23
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Li ZC, Ren QW, Guo Y, Ran J, Ren XT, Wu NN, Xu HY, Liu X, Liu JZ. Dual Roles of GSNOR1 in Cell Death and Immunity in Tetraploid Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:596234. [PMID: 33643341 PMCID: PMC7902495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.596234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase 1 (GSNOR1) is the key enzyme that regulates cellular homeostasis of S-nitrosylation. Although extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the roles of GSNOR1 in tetraploid Nicotiana species have not been investigated previously. To study the function of NtGSNOR1, we knocked out two NtGSNOR1 genes simultaneously in Nicotiana tabacum using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/caspase 9 (Cas9) technology. To our surprise, spontaneous cell death occurred on the leaves of the CRISPR/Cas9 lines but not on those of the wild-type (WT) plants, suggesting that NtGSNOR1 negatively regulates cell death. The natural cell death on the CRISPR/Cas9 lines could be a result from interactions between overaccumulated nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This spontaneous cell death phenotype was not affected by knocking out two Enhanced disease susceptibility 1 genes (NtEDS11a/1b) and thus was independent of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. Unexpectedly, we found that the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout plants displayed a significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced resistance to paraquat-induced cell death compared to WT plants, suggesting that NtGSNOR1 functions as a positive regulator of the paraquat-induced cell death. The increased resistance to the paraquat-induced cell death of the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout plants was correlated with the reduced level of H2O2 accumulation. Interestingly, whereas the N gene-mediated resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was significantly enhanced (p < 0.001), the resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in the NtGSNOR1a/1b knockout lines. In summary, our results indicate that NtGSNOR1 functions as both positive and negative regulator of cell death under different conditions and displays distinct effects on resistance against viral and bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Chao Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qian-Wei Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jie Ran
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Ren
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ni-Ni Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hui-Yang Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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24
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Fabre F, Urbach S, Roche S, Langin T, Bonhomme L. Proteomics-Based Data Integration of Wheat Cultivars Facing Fusarium graminearum Strains Revealed a Core-Responsive Pattern Controlling Fusarium Head Blight. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:644810. [PMID: 34135919 PMCID: PMC8201412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.644810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly occurring upon Fusarium graminearum infection in a wide variety of small-grain cereals, is supposed to be controlled by a range of processes diverted by the fungal pathogen, the so-called susceptibility factors. As a mean to provide relevant information about the molecular events involved in FHB susceptibility in bread wheat, we studied an extensive proteome of more than 7,900 identified wheat proteins in three cultivars of contrasting susceptibilities during their interaction with three F. graminearum strains of different aggressiveness. No cultivar-specific proteins discriminated the three wheat genotypes, demonstrating the establishment of a core proteome regardless of unequivocal FHB susceptibility differences. Quantitative protein analysis revealed that most of the FHB-induced molecular adjustments were shared by wheat cultivars and occurred independently of the F. graminearum strain aggressiveness. Although subtle abundance changes evidenced genotype-dependent responses to FHB, cultivar distinction was found to be mainly due to basal abundance differences, especially regarding the chloroplast functions. Integrating these data with previous proteome mapping of the three F. graminearum strains facing the three same wheat cultivars, we demonstrated strong correlations between the wheat protein abundance changes and the adjustments of fungal proteins supposed to interfere with host molecular functions. Together, these results provide a resourceful dataset that expands our understanding of the specific molecular events taking place during the wheat-F. graminearum interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Fabre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Roche
- INRAE, Unité Experimentale 1375, Phénotypage au Champ des Céréales (PHACC), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Langin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ludovic Bonhomme
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1095 Génétique Diversité Ecophysiologie des Céréales, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- *Correspondence: Ludovic Bonhomme,
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Structural and functional insights into nitrosoglutathione reductase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101806. [PMID: 33316743 PMCID: PMC7744773 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein S-nitrosylation plays a fundamental role in cell signaling and nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is considered as the main nitrosylating signaling molecule. Enzymatic systems controlling GSNO homeostasis are thus crucial to indirectly control the formation of protein S-nitrosothiols. GSNO reductase (GSNOR) is the key enzyme controlling GSNO levels by catalyzing its degradation in the presence of NADH. Here, we found that protein extracts from the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii catabolize GSNO via two enzymatic systems having specific reliance on NADPH or NADH and different biochemical features. Scoring the Chlamydomonas genome for orthologs of known plant GSNORs, we found two genes encoding for putative and almost identical GSNOR isoenzymes. One of the two, here named CrGSNOR1, was heterologously expressed and purified. Its kinetic properties were determined and the three-dimensional structures of the apo-, NAD+- and NAD+/GSNO-forms were solved. These analyses revealed that CrGSNOR1 has a strict specificity towards GSNO and NADH, and a conserved folding with respect to other plant GSNORs. The catalytic zinc ion, however, showed an unexpected variability of the coordination environment. Furthermore, we evaluated the catalytic response of CrGSNOR1 to thermal denaturation, thiol-modifying agents and oxidative modifications as well as the reactivity and position of accessible cysteines. Despite being a cysteine-rich protein, CrGSNOR1 contains only two solvent-exposed/reactive cysteines. Oxidizing and nitrosylating treatments have null or limited effects on CrGSNOR1 activity and folding, highlighting a certain resistance of the algal enzyme to redox modifications. The molecular mechanisms and structural features underlying the response to thiol-based modifications are discussed. Chlamydomonas protein extracts catalyze NAD(P)H-dependent GSNO degradation. Chlamydomonas GSNOR1 is a zinc-containing protein strictly relying on GSNO and NADH. The 3D-structure of CrGSNOR1 revealed a conserved folding with other plant GSNORs. CrGSNOR1 contains only two solvent-exposed/reactive cysteines. Oxidizing and nitrosylating treatments have limited effects on CrGSNOR1 activity.
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Gupta KJ, Kolbert Z, Durner J, Lindermayr C, Corpas FJ, Brouquisse R, Barroso JB, Umbreen S, Palma JM, Hancock JT, Petrivalsky M, Wendehenne D, Loake GJ. Regulating the regulator: nitric oxide control of post-translational modifications. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1319-1325. [PMID: 32339293 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is perfectly suited for the role of a redox signalling molecule. A key route for NO bioactivity occurs via protein S-nitrosation, and involves the addition of a NO moiety to a protein cysteine (Cys) thiol (-SH) to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). This process is thought to underpin a myriad of cellular processes in plants that are linked to development, environmental responses and immune function. Here we collate emerging evidence showing that NO bioactivity regulates a growing number of diverse post-translational modifications including SUMOylation, phosphorylation, persulfidation and acetylation. We provide examples of how NO orchestrates these processes to mediate plant adaptation to a variety of cellular cues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Jorg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, München/Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - Renaud Brouquisse
- Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, 06903, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s/n, Jaén, 23071, Spain
| | - Saima Umbreen
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - John T Hancock
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Marek Petrivalsky
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
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Zhang Y, Zeng L. Crosstalk between Ubiquitination and Other Post-translational Protein Modifications in Plant Immunity. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100041. [PMID: 33367245 PMCID: PMC7748009 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are central to the modulation of protein activity, stability, subcellular localization, and interaction with partners. They greatly expand the diversity and functionality of the proteome and have taken the center stage as key players in regulating numerous cellular and physiological processes. Increasing evidence indicates that in addition to a single regulatory PTM, many proteins are modified by multiple different types of PTMs in an orchestrated manner to collectively modulate the biological outcome. Such PTM crosstalk creates a combinatorial explosion in the number of proteoforms in a cell and greatly improves the ability of plants to rapidly mount and fine-tune responses to different external and internal cues. While PTM crosstalk has been investigated in depth in humans, animals, and yeast, the study of interplay between different PTMs in plants is still at its infant stage. In the past decade, investigations showed that PTMs are widely involved and play critical roles in the regulation of interactions between plants and pathogens. In particular, ubiquitination has emerged as a key regulator of plant immunity. This review discusses recent studies of the crosstalk between ubiquitination and six other PTMs, i.e., phosphorylation, SUMOylation, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, acetylation, redox modification, and glycosylation, in the regulation of plant immunity. The two basic ways by which PTMs communicate as well as the underlying mechanisms and diverse outcomes of the PTM crosstalk in plant immunity are highlighted.
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