1
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Nabatilan A, Thomas Morgan M, Netzer S, Fahrni CJ. Selective removal of copper from complex biological media with an agarose-immobilized high-affinity PSP ligand. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:531-540. [PMID: 39066798 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-024-02065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The elucidation of metal-dependent biological processes requires selective reagents for manipulating metal ion levels within biological solutions such as growth media or cell lysates. To this end, we immobilized a phosphine sulfide-stabilized phosphine (PSP) ligand on agarose to create a resin for the selective removal of copper from chemically complex biological media through simple filtration or centrifugation. Comprised of a conformationally preorganized phenylene-bridged backbone, the PSP-ligand binds Cu(I) with a 1:1 stoichiometry and exhibits a pH-independent Cu(I) dissociation constant in the low zeptomolar range. Neither Zn(II), Fe(II), nor Mn(II) interact with the ligand at millimolar concentrations, thus offering a much-improved selectivity towards copper over other commonly employed solid-supported chelators such as Chelex 100. As revealed by X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis, the immobilized chelator effectively removes copper from cell culture growth media and cell lysate isolated from mouse fibroblasts. In addition to preparing copper-depleted media or cell lysates for biological studies, PSP-immobilized ligands might prove equally useful for applications in radiochemistry, materials science, and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Nabatilan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - M Thomas Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sara Netzer
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Christoph J Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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2
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Gale J, Aizenman E. The physiological and pathophysiological roles of copper in the nervous system. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3505-3543. [PMID: 38747014 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Copper is a critical trace element in biological systems due the vast number of essential enzymes that require the metal as a cofactor, including cytochrome c oxidase, superoxide dismutase and dopamine-β-hydroxylase. Due its key role in oxidative metabolism, antioxidant defence and neurotransmitter synthesis, copper is particularly important for neuronal development and proper neuronal function. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that copper also serves important functions in synaptic and network activity, the regulation of circadian rhythms, and arousal. However, it is important to note that because of copper's ability to redox cycle and generate reactive species, cellular levels of the metal must be tightly regulated to meet cellular needs while avoiding copper-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, it is essential that the intricate system of copper transporters, exporters, copper chaperones and copper trafficking proteins function properly and in coordinate fashion. Indeed, disorders of copper metabolism such as Menkes disease and Wilson disease, as well as diseases linked to dysfunction of copper-requiring enzymes, such as SOD1-linked amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, demonstrate the dramatic neurological consequences of altered copper homeostasis. In this review, we explore the physiological importance of copper in the nervous system as well as pathologies related to improper copper handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Gale
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Zhakypbek Y, Kossalbayev BD, Belkozhayev AM, Murat T, Tursbekov S, Abdalimov E, Pashkovskiy P, Kreslavski V, Kuznetsov V, Allakhverdiev SI. Reducing Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Water Using Phytoremediation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1534. [PMID: 38891342 PMCID: PMC11174537 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The increase in industrialization has led to an exponential increase in heavy metal (HM) soil contamination, which poses a serious threat to public health and ecosystem stability. This review emphasizes the urgent need to develop innovative technologies for the environmental remediation of intensive anthropogenic pollution. Phytoremediation is a sustainable and cost-effective approach for the detoxification of contaminated soils using various plant species. This review discusses in detail the basic principles of phytoremediation and emphasizes its ecological advantages over other methods for cleaning contaminated areas and its technical viability. Much attention has been given to the selection of hyperaccumulator plants for phytoremediation that can grow on heavy metal-contaminated soils, and the biochemical mechanisms that allow these plants to isolate, detoxify, and accumulate heavy metals are discussed in detail. The novelty of our study lies in reviewing the mechanisms of plant-microorganism interactions that greatly enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation as well as in discussing genetic modifications that could revolutionize the cleanup of contaminated soils. Moreover, this manuscript discusses potential applications of phytoremediation beyond soil detoxification, including its role in bioenergy production and biodiversity restoration in degraded habitats. This review concludes by listing the serious problems that result from anthropogenic environmental pollution that future generations still need to overcome and suggests promising research directions in which the integration of nano- and biotechnology will play an important role in enhancing the effectiveness of phytoremediation. These contributions are critical for environmental scientists, policy makers, and practitioners seeking to utilize phytoremediation to maintain the ecological stability of the environment and its restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yryszhan Zhakypbek
- Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, Institute Mining and Metallurgical Institute named after O.A. Baikonurov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan; (S.T.); (E.A.)
| | - Bekzhan D. Kossalbayev
- Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan 161200, Kazakhstan;
| | - Ayaz M. Belkozhayev
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Ave. 71, Almaty 050038, Kazakhstan;
- M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Toktar Murat
- Department of Agronomy and Forestry, Faculty of Agrotechnology, Kozybayev University, Petropavlovsk 150000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Soil Ecology, Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U.U. Uspanov, Al-Farabi Ave. 75, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Serik Tursbekov
- Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, Institute Mining and Metallurgical Institute named after O.A. Baikonurov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan; (S.T.); (E.A.)
| | - Elaman Abdalimov
- Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, Institute Mining and Metallurgical Institute named after O.A. Baikonurov, Satbayev University, Almaty 050043, Kazakhstan; (S.T.); (E.A.)
| | - Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (V.K.); (S.I.A.)
| | - Vladimir Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (V.K.); (S.I.A.)
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow 127276, Russia; (V.K.); (S.I.A.)
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4
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Elitt CM, Ross MM, Wang J, Fahrni CJ, Rosenberg PA. Developmental regulation of zinc homeostasis in differentiating oligodendrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2024; 831:137727. [PMID: 38467270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes develop through sequential stages and understanding pathways regulating their differentiation remains an important area of investigation. Zinc is required for the function of enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, including those important in myelination and mitosis. Our previous studies using the ratiometric zinc sensor chromis-1 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular free zinc concentrations in mature MBP+ oligodendrocytes compared with earlier stages (Bourassa et al., 2018). We performed a more detailed developmental study to better understand the temporal course of zinc homeostasis across the oligodendrocyte lineage. Using chromis-1, we found a transient increase in free zinc after O4+,O1- pre-oligodendrocytes were switched from proliferation medium into terminal differentiation medium. To gather other evidence for dynamic regulation of free zinc during oligodendrocyte development, qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of major zinc storage proteins metallothioneins (MTs) and metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1), which controls expression of MTs. MT1, MT2 and MTF1 mRNAs were increased several fold in mature oligodendrocytes compared to oligodendrocytes in proliferation medium. To assess the depth of the zinc buffer, we assayed zinc release from intracellular stores using the oxidizing thiol reagent 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (DTDP). Exposure to DTDP resulted in ∼ 100% increase in free zinc in pre-oligodendrocytes but, paradoxically more modest ∼ 60% increase in mature oligodendrocytes despite increased expression of MTs. These results suggest that zinc homeostasis is regulated during oligodendrocyte development, that oligodendrocytes are a useful model for studying zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system, and that regulation of zinc homeostasis may be important in oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Elitt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Madeline M Ross
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christoph J Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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5
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Grover K, Koblova A, Pezacki AT, Chang CJ, New EJ. Small-Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Binding- and Activity-Based Sensing of Redox-Active Biological Metals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5846-5929. [PMID: 38657175 PMCID: PMC11485196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Although transition metals constitute less than 0.1% of the total mass within a human body, they have a substantial impact on fundamental biological processes across all kingdoms of life. Indeed, these nutrients play crucial roles in the physiological functions of enzymes, with the redox properties of many of these metals being essential to their activity. At the same time, imbalances in transition metal pools can be detrimental to health. Modern analytical techniques are helping to illuminate the workings of metal homeostasis at a molecular and atomic level, their spatial localization in real time, and the implications of metal dysregulation in disease pathogenesis. Fluorescence microscopy has proven to be one of the most promising non-invasive methods for studying metal pools in biological samples. The accuracy and sensitivity of bioimaging experiments are predominantly determined by the fluorescent metal-responsive sensor, highlighting the importance of rational probe design for such measurements. This review covers activity- and binding-based fluorescent metal sensors that have been applied to cellular studies. We focus on the essential redox-active metals: iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, chromium, and nickel. We aim to encourage further targeted efforts in developing innovative approaches to understanding the biological chemistry of redox-active metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karandeep Grover
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alla Koblova
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Aidan T. Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. New
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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6
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Lei G, Tang L, Yu Y, Bian W, Yu L, Zhou J, Li Y, Wang Y, Du J. The potential of targeting cuproptosis in the treatment of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115522. [PMID: 37757497 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the top ten malignancies and tumor-related causes of death worldwide. The most common histologic subtype is kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), accounting for approximately 75% of all RCC cases. Early resection is considered the basic treatment for patients with KIRC. However, approximately 30% of these patients experience recurrence post-operation. Cuproptosis, an autonomous mechanism for controlling cell death, encompasses various molecular mechanisms and multiple cellular metabolic pathways. These pathways mainly include copper metabolic signaling pathways, mitochondrial metabolism signaling pathways, and lipoic acid pathway signaling pathways. Recent evidence shows that cuproptosis is identified as a key cell death modality that plays a meaningful role in tumor progression. However, there is no published systematic review that summarizes the correlation between cuproptosis and KIRC, despite the fact that investigations on cuproptosis and the pathogenesis of KIRC have increased in past years. Researchers have discovered that exogenous copper infusion accelerates the dysfunction of mitochondrial dysfunction and suppresses KIRC cells by inducing cuproptosis. The levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle proteins, lipoic acid protein, copper, and ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) were dysregulated in KIRC cells, and the prognosis of patients with high FDX1 expression is better than that of patients with low expression. Cuproptosis played an indispensable role in the regulation of tumor microenvironment features, tumor progression, and long-term prognosis of KIRC. In this review, we summarized the systemic and cellular metabolic processes of copper and the copper-related signaling pathways, highlighting the potential targets related to cuproptosis for KIRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Lei
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
| | - Lusheng Tang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Wenxia Bian
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Lingyan Yu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Junyu Zhou
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| | - Jing Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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7
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Wang W, Mo W, Hang Z, Huang Y, Yi H, Sun Z, Lei A. Cuproptosis: Harnessing Transition Metal for Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19581-19599. [PMID: 37820312 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal elements, such as copper, play diverse and pivotal roles in oncology. They act as constituents of metalloenzymes involved in cellular metabolism, function as signaling molecules to regulate the proliferation and metastasis of tumors, and are integral components of metal-based anticancer drugs. Notably, recent research reveals that excessive copper can also modulate the occurrence of programmed cell death (PCD), known as cuprotosis, in cancer cells. This modulation occurs through the disruption of tumor cell metabolism and the induction of proteotoxic stress. This discovery uncovers a mode of interaction between transition metals and proteins, emphasizing the intricate link between copper homeostasis and tumor metabolism. Moreover, they provide innovative therapeutic strategies for the precise diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. At the crossroads of chemistry and oncology, we undertake a comprehensive review of copper homeostasis in tumors, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning cuproptosis. Additionally, we summarize current nanotherapeutic approaches that target cuproptosis and provide an overview of the available laboratory and clinical methods for monitoring this process. In the context of emerging concepts, challenges, and opportunities, we emphasize the significant potential of nanotechnology in the advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zishan Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yueying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Gale JR, Hartnett-Scott K, Ross MM, Rosenberg PA, Aizenman E. Copper induces neuron-sparing, ferredoxin 1-independent astrocyte toxicity mediated by oxidative stress. J Neurochem 2023; 167:277-295. [PMID: 37702109 PMCID: PMC10591933 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential enzyme cofactor in oxidative metabolism, anti-oxidant defenses, and neurotransmitter synthesis. However, intracellular copper, when improperly buffered, can also lead to cell death. Given the growing interest in the use of copper in the presence of the ionophore elesclomol (CuES) for the treatment of gliomas, we investigated the effect of this compound on the surround parenchyma-namely neurons and astrocytes in vitro. Here, we show that astrocytes were highly sensitive to CuES toxicity while neurons were surprisingly resistant, a vulnerability profile that is opposite of what has been described for zinc and other toxins. Bolstering these findings, a human astrocytic cell line was similarly sensitive to CuES. Modifications of cellular metabolic pathways implicated in cuproptosis, a form of copper-regulated cell death, such as inhibition of mitochondrial respiration or knock-down of ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), did not block CuES toxicity to astrocytes. CuES toxicity was also unaffected by inhibitors of apoptosis, necrosis or ferroptosis. However, we did detect the presence of lipid peroxidation products in CuES-treated astrocytes, indicating that oxidative stress is a mediator of CuES-induced glial toxicity. Indeed, treatment with anti-oxidants mitigated CuES-induced cell death in astrocytes indicating that oxidative stress is a mediator of CuES-induced glial toxicity. Lastly, prior induction of metallothioneins 1 and 2 in astrocytes with zinc plus pyrithione was strikingly protective against CuES toxicity. As neurons express high levels of metallothioneins basally, these results may partially account for their resistance to CuES toxicity. These results demonstrate a unique toxic response to copper in glial cells which contrasts with the cell selectivity profile of zinc, another biologically relevant metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R. Gale
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
| | - Karen Hartnett-Scott
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
| | - Madeline M. Ross
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
| | - Paul A. Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology and the F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Neurobiology and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
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9
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Toader C, Eva L, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Glavan LA, Corlatescu AD, Ciurea AV. Unraveling the Multifaceted Role of the Golgi Apparatus: Insights into Neuronal Plasticity, Development, Neurogenesis, Alzheimer's Disease, and SARS-CoV-2 Interactions. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1363. [PMID: 37891732 PMCID: PMC10605100 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This article critically evaluates the multifunctional role of the Golgi apparatus within neurological paradigms. We succinctly highlight its influence on neuronal plasticity, development, and the vital trafficking and sorting mechanisms for proteins and lipids. The discourse further navigates to its regulatory prominence in neurogenesis and its implications in Alzheimer's Disease pathogenesis. The emerging nexus between the Golgi apparatus and SARS-CoV-2 underscores its potential in viral replication processes. This consolidation accentuates the Golgi apparatus's centrality in neurobiology and its intersections with both neurodegenerative and viral pathologies. In essence, understanding the Golgi's multifaceted functions harbors profound implications for future therapeutic innovations in neurological and viral afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Toader
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Eva
- Faculty of Medicine, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800201 Galați, Romania
- Emergency Clinical Hospital “Prof. dr. N. Oblu”, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Horia Petre Costin
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Luca-Andrei Glavan
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Antonio Daniel Corlatescu
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
- Department of Neurosurgery, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.T.); (H.P.C.); (L.-A.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.V.C.)
- Neurosurgery Department, Sanador Clinical Hospital, 010991 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Stone DJ, Macias-Contreras M, Crist SM, Bucag CFT, Seo G, Zhu L. SNAP-tagging live cells via chelation-assisted copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7419-7436. [PMID: 37665276 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
SNAP-tag is a single-turnover enzyme that has become a powerful tool, hence a popular choice, of targeted cellular protein labeling. Three SNAP-tag substrates that carry the copper-chelating 2-picolyl azide moiety are prepared, one of which has an unconventional 5-pyridylmethyl-substituted guanine structure, rather than the usual benzylguanine that is optimized to be accepted by SNAP-tag. All three substrates are effective in transferring a 2-picolyl azide moiety to SNAP-tag in live cells under conventional labeling conditions (30-minute incubation of cells with labeling reagents at 37 °C under 5% CO2). Live cells that are decorated with chelating azido groups on the extracellular side of membranes undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with an ethynyl-functionalized fluorophore to accomplish membrane protein labeling by a fluorescent dye. The chelation-assisted CuAAC labeling step is rapid (<1 minute) with a relatively low dose of the copper catalyst (20 μM), and consequently exerts no ill effect on the labeled cells. A SNAP-tag substrate that carries a non-chelating azide moiety, on the other hand, fails to produce satisfactory labeling under the same constraints. The rapid, live cell-compatible SNAP-tag/chelation-assisted CuAAC two-step method expands the utility of SNAP-tag in protein labeling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Miguel Macias-Contreras
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Shaun M Crist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Christelle F T Bucag
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
| | - Gwimoon Seo
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, 91 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4380, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA.
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11
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Peng T, Qiu F, Qu Y, Yu C, Cheng X, Li L. Current and Future of "Turn-On" Based Small-Molecule Copper Probes for Cuproptosis. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300078. [PMID: 37705070 PMCID: PMC10499804 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that abnormal copper (Cu) metabolism is highly related to many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Wilson's disease, hematological malignancies and Menkes disease. Very recently, cuproptosis, a Cu-dependent, programmed cell death was firstly described by Tsvetkov et al. in 2022. Their findings may provide a new perspective for the treatment of related diseases. However, the concrete mechanisms of these diseases, especially cuproptosis, remain completely unclear, the reason of which may be a lack of reliable tools to conduct highly selective, sensitive and high-resolution imaging of Cu in complex life systems. So far, numerous small-molecular fluorescent probes have been designed and utilized to explore the Cu signal pathway. Among them, fluorescence turn-on probes greatly enhance the resolution and accuracy of imaging and may be a promising tool for research of investigation into cuproptosis. This review summarizes the probes developed in the past decade which have the potential to study cuproptosis, focusing on the design strategies, luminescence mechanism and biological-imaging applications. Besides, we put forward some ideas concerning the design of next-generation probes for cuproptosis, aiming to tackle the main problems in this new field. Furthermore, the prospect of cuproptosis in the treatment of corresponding diseases is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐En Peng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Yunwei Qu
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Xiamin Cheng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) &Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center forAdvanced Materials (SICAM)Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies)Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
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12
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Yoo J, Han J, Lim MH. Transition metal ions and neurotransmitters: coordination chemistry and implications for neurodegeneration. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:548-563. [PMID: 37547459 PMCID: PMC10398360 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized by a disturbance in neurotransmitter-mediated signaling pathways. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of transition metal ions, including Cu(i/ii), Zn(ii), and Fe(ii/iii), in neurotransmission, thereby making the coordination chemistry of neurotransmitters a growing field of interest in understanding signal dysfunction. This review outlines the physiological functions of transition metal ions and neurotransmitters, with the metal-binding properties of small molecule-based neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Additionally, we discuss the structural and conformational changes of neurotransmitters induced by redox-active metal ions, such as Cu(i/ii) and Fe(ii/iii), and briefly describe the outcomes arising from their oxidation, polymerization, and aggregation. These observations have important implications for neurodegeneration and emphasize the need for further research to develop potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeasang Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Seoul Seoul 02504 Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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13
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Elitt CM, Ross MM, Wang J, Fahrni CJ, Rosenberg PA. Developmental regulation of zinc homeostasis in differentiating oligodendrocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.26.550230. [PMID: 37546881 PMCID: PMC10402100 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes develop through well characterized stages and understanding pathways regulating their differentiation remains an active area of investigation. Zinc is required for the function of many enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, including those important in myelination and mitosis. Our previous studies using the ratiometric zinc sensor chromis-1 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular free zinc concentrations in mature oligodendrocytes compared with earlier stages (Bourassa et al., 2018). We performed a more detailed developmental study to better understand the temporal course of zinc homeostasis across the oligodendrocyte lineage. Using chromis-1, we found a transient increase in free zinc after developing oligodendrocytes were switched into differentiation medium. To gather other evidence for dynamic regulation of free zinc during oligodendrocyte development, qPCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of the major zinc storage proteins metallothioneins (MTs), and metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) which controls expression of MTs. MT-1, MT-2 and MTF1 mRNAs were all increased several fold in mature oligodendrocytes compared to developing oligodendrocytes. To assess the depth of the zinc buffer, we assayed zinc release from intracellular stores using the oxidizing thiol reagent 2,2'-dithiodipyridine (DTDP). Exposure to DTDP resulted in a ∼100% increase in free zinc in developing oligodendrocytes but, paradoxically more modest ∼60% increase in mature oligodendrocytes despite the increased expression of MTs. These results suggest that zinc homeostasis is regulated during oligodendrocyte development, that oligodendrocytes are a useful model for studying zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system, and that regulation of zinc homeostasis may be important in oligodendrocyte differentiation.
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14
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Guan D, Zhao L, Shi X, Ma X, Chen Z. Copper in cancer: From pathogenesis to therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114791. [PMID: 37105071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the basic trace elements for the structure and metabolism of human tissue is copper. However, as a heavy metal, excessive intake or abnormal accumulation of copper in the body can cause inevitable damage to the organism because copper can result in direct injury to various cell components or disruption of the redox balance, eventually leading to cell death. Interestingly, a growing body of research reports that diverse cancers have raised serum and tumor copper levels. Tumor cells depend on more copper for their metabolism than normal cells, and a decrease in copper or copper overload can have a detrimental effect on tumor cells. New modalities for identifying and characterizing copper-dependent signals offer translational opportunities for tumor therapy, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this article summarizes what we currently know about the correlation between copper and cancer and describes the characteristics of copper metabolism in tumor cells and the prospective application of copper-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Guan
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Shi
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Embryology, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Zhou Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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15
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Pham VN, Chang CJ. Metalloallostery and Transition Metal Signaling: Bioinorganic Copper Chemistry Beyond Active Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213644. [PMID: 36653724 PMCID: PMC10754205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal chemistry is essential to life, where metal binding to DNA, RNA, and proteins underpins all facets of the central dogma of biology. In this context, metals in proteins are typically studied as static active site cofactors. However, the emergence of transition metal signaling, where mobile metal pools can transiently bind to biological targets beyond active sites, is expanding this conventional view of bioinorganic chemistry. This Minireview focuses on the concept of metalloallostery, using copper as a canonical example of how metals can regulate protein function by binding to remote allosteric sites (e.g., exosites). We summarize advances in and prospects for the field, including imaging dynamic transition metal signaling pools, allosteric inhibition or activation of protein targets by metal binding, and metal-dependent signaling pathways that underlie nutrient vulnerabilities in diseases spanning obesity, fatty liver disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanha N Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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16
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Investigations of cellular copper metabolism in ovarian cancer cells using a ratiometric fluorescent copper dye. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:43-55. [PMID: 36469143 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Imbalances in metal homeostasis have been implicated in the progression and drug response of cancer cells. Understanding these changes will enable identification of new treatment regimes and precision medicine approaches to cancer treatment. In particular, there has been considerable interest in the interplay between copper homeostasis and response to platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we have studied differences in the Cu uptake and distributions in the ovarian cancer cell line, A2780, and its cisplatin resistant form, A2780.CisR, by measuring total Cu content and the bioavailable Cu pool. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) revealed a lower total Cu uptake in A2780.CisR compared to A2780 cells. Conversely, live-cell confocal microscopy studies with the ratiometric Cu(I)-sensitive fluorescent dye, InCCu1, revealed higher relative cellular content of labile Cu in A2780.CisR cells compared with A2780 cells. These results demonstrate that Cu trafficking, homeostasis and speciation are different in the Pt-sensitive and resistant cells and may be associated with the predominance of different phenotypes for A2780 (epithelial) and A2780.CisR (mesenchymal) cells.
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17
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Yu J, Bacsa J, Fahrni CJ. Conformationally Preorganized High-Affinity Ligands for Copper Biology with Hinged and Rigid Thiophene Backbones. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1287-1296. [PMID: 36661323 PMCID: PMC10118051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper-selective ligands are essential tools for probing the affinity of cuproproteins or manipulating the cellular copper availability. They also harbor significant potential as antiangiogenic agents in cancer therapy or as therapeutics to combat copper toxicity in Wilson's disease. To achieve the high Cu(I) affinities required for competing effectively with cellular cuproproteins, we recently devised a ligand design based on phosphine-sulfide-stabilized phosphine (PSP) donor motifs. Building on this design strategy, we integrated two PSP donors within preorganized ligand architectures composed of either a hinged bithiophene backbone (bithipPS) or a single rigid thiophene bridge (thipPS). Extensive characterization based on X-ray crystal structures, solution NMR data, spectrophotometric titrations, and electrochemical studies established that bithipPS adapts well to the coordination preferences of Cu(I) to form a discrete air-stable mononuclear Cu(I) complex with a dissociation constant of 4 zM. In contrast, the wider bite angle of thipPS introduces some strain upon Cu(I) coordination to yield an almost 10-fold lower affinity with a Kd of 35 zM. As revealed by ICP-MS and two-photon excitation microscopy studies with the Cu(I)-selective fluorescent probe crisp-17, both ligands are effective at removing cellular copper from live mouse fibroblasts with rapid kinetics. Altogether, the stability and redox properties of PSP-ligand-Cu(I) complexes can be effectively tuned by judicious balancing of their geometrical preorganization and conformational flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- X-ray Crystallography Center, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christoph J. Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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18
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Pham VN, Chang CJ. Metalloallostery and Transition Metal Signaling: Bioinorganic Copper Chemistry Beyond Active Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202213644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanha N. Pham
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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19
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Yu P, Yan K, Wang S, Yao C, Lei Z, Tang Y, Zhang F. NIR-II Dyad-Doped Ratiometric Nanosensor with Enhanced Spectral Fidelity in Biological Media for In Vivo Biosensing. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9732-9740. [PMID: 36454944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ratiometric fluorescence nanosensors provide quantitative biological information. However, spectral shift and distortion of ratiometric nanosensors in biological media often compromise sensing accuracy, limiting in vivo applications. Here, we develop a fluorescent dyad (aBOP-IR1110) in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window by covalently linking an asymmetric aza-BODIPY with a ONOO--responsive meso-thiocyanine. The dyad encapsulated in the PEGylated nanomicelle largely improves spectral fidelity in serum culture by >9.4 times compared to that of its noncovalent counterpart. The increased molecular weights (>1480 Da) and hydrophobicity (LogP of 7.87-12.36) lock dyads inside the micelles, which act as the shield against the external environment. ONOO--altered intramolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) generates linear ratiometric response with better serum tolerance, enabling us to monitor the dynamics of oxidative stress in traumatic brain injury and evaluate therapeutic efficiency. The results show high correlation with in vitro triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, suggesting the potential of NIR-II dyad-doped nanosensor for in vivo high-fidelity sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shangfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chenzhi Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zuhai Lei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Zhangheng Road 826, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yaohui Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and iChem, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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20
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The Role of Copper Homeostasis in Brain Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213850. [PMID: 36430330 PMCID: PMC9698384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, copper is an important trace element and is a cofactor for several important enzymes involved in energy production, iron metabolism, neuropeptide activation, connective tissue synthesis, and neurotransmitter synthesis. Copper is also necessary for cellular processes, such as the regulation of intracellular signal transduction, catecholamine balance, myelination of neurons, and efficient synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Copper is naturally present in some foods and is available as a dietary supplement. Only small amounts of copper are typically stored in the body and a large amount of copper is excreted through bile and urine. Given the critical role of copper in a breadth of cellular processes, local concentrations of copper and the cellular distribution of copper transporter proteins in the brain are important to maintain the steady state of the internal environment. The dysfunction of copper metabolism or regulatory pathways results in an imbalance in copper homeostasis in the brain, which can lead to a myriad of acute and chronic pathological effects on neurological function. It suggests a unique mechanism linking copper homeostasis and neuronal activation within the central nervous system. This article explores the relationship between impaired copper homeostasis and neuropathophysiological progress in brain diseases.
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21
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Oxidation state-specific fluorescent copper sensors reveal oncogene-driven redox changes that regulate labile copper(II) pools. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202736119. [PMID: 36252013 PMCID: PMC9621372 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202736119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential metal nutrient for life that often relies on redox cycling between Cu(I) and Cu(II) oxidation states to fulfill its physiological roles, but alterations in cellular redox status can lead to imbalances in copper homeostasis that contribute to cancer and other metalloplasias with metal-dependent disease vulnerabilities. Copper-responsive fluorescent probes offer powerful tools to study labile copper pools, but most of these reagents target Cu(I), with limited methods for monitoring Cu(II) owing to its potent fluorescence quenching properties. Here, we report an activity-based sensing strategy for turn-on, oxidation state-specific detection of Cu(II) through metal-directed acyl imidazole chemistry. Cu(II) binding to a metal and oxidation state-specific receptor that accommodates the harder Lewis acidity of Cu(II) relative to Cu(I) activates the pendant dye for reaction with proximal biological nucleophiles and concomitant metal ion release, thus avoiding fluorescence quenching. Copper-directed acyl imidazole 649 for Cu(II) (CD649.2) provides foundational information on the existence and regulation of labile Cu(II) pools, including identifying divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) as a Cu(II) importer, labile Cu(II) increases in response to oxidative stress induced by depleting total glutathione levels, and reciprocal increases in labile Cu(II) accompanied by decreases in labile Cu(I) induced by oncogenic mutations that promote oxidative stress.
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22
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Heuberger DM, Wolint P, Jang JH, Itani S, Jungraithmayr W, Waschkies CF, Meier-Bürgisser G, Andreoli S, Spanaus K, Schuepbach RA, Calcagni M, Fahrni CJ, Buschmann J. High-Affinity Cu(I)-Chelator with Potential Anti-Tumorigenic Action-A Proof-of-Principle Experimental Study of Human H460 Tumors in the CAM Assay. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205122. [PMID: 36291910 PMCID: PMC9600560 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lung cancer ranks among the most frequently treated cancers worldwide. As copper appears critical to angiogenesis and tumor growth, selective removal of copper represents a promising strategy to restrict tumor growth. To this end, we explored the activity of the novel high-affinity membrane-permeant Cu(I) chelator PSP-2 featuring a low-zeptomolar dissociation constant. Using H460 human lung cancer cells, we generated small tumors on the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken embryo (CAM assay) and studied the effects of topical PSP-2 application on their weight and vessel density after one week. We observed a significant angiosuppression along with a marked decrease in tumor weight under PSP-2 application compared to controls. Moreover, PSP-2 exposure resulted in lower ki67+ cell numbers at a low dose but increased cell count under a high dose. Moreover, HIF-1α+ cells were significantly reduced with low-dose PSP-2 exposure compared to high-dose and control. The total copper content was considerably lower in PSP-2 treated tumors, although statistically not significant. Altogether, PSP-2 shows promising potential as an anti-cancer drug. Nevertheless, further animal experiments and application to different tumor types are mandatory to support these initial findings, paving the way toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea M. Heuberger
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Wolint
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jae-Hwi Jang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saria Itani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Conny F. Waschkies
- Division of Radiation Protection, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Meier-Bürgisser
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Andreoli
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Spanaus
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto A. Schuepbach
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Calcagni
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J. Fahrni
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA
| | - Johanna Buschmann
- Division of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-442559895
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23
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Lane A, Gokhale A, Werner E, Roberts A, Freeman A, Roberts B, Faundez V. Sulfur- and phosphorus-standardized metal quantification of biological specimens using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101334. [PMID: 35496782 PMCID: PMC9047006 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol describes how inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can quantify metals, sulfur, and phosphorus present in biological specimens. The high sensitivity of ICP-MS enables detection of these elements at very low concentrations, and absolute quantification is achieved with standard curves. Sulfur or phosphorus standardization reduces variability that arises because of slight differences in sample composition. This protocol bypasses challenges because of limited sample amounts and facilitates studies examining the biological roles of metals in health and disease. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hartwig et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Lane
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Erica Werner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anne Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Amanda Freeman
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Blaine Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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24
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Mehlenbacher MR, Elsiesy R, Lakha R, Villones RLE, Orman M, Vizcarra CL, Meloni G, Wilcox DE, Austin RN. Metal binding and interdomain thermodynamics of mammalian metallothionein-3: enthalpically favoured Cu + supplants entropically favoured Zn 2+ to form Cu 4 + clusters under physiological conditions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5289-5304. [PMID: 35655557 PMCID: PMC9093145 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00676f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a ubiquitous class of small metal-binding proteins involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification. While known for their high affinity for d10 metal ions, there is a surprising dearth of thermodynamic data on metals binding to MTs. In this study, Zn2+ and Cu+ binding to mammalian metallothionein-3 (MT-3) were quantified at pH 7.4 by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Zn2+ binding was measured by chelation titrations of Zn7MT-3, while Cu+ binding was measured by Zn2+ displacement from Zn7MT-3 with competition from glutathione (GSH). Titrations in multiple buffers enabled a detailed analysis that yielded condition-independent values for the association constant (K) and the change in enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) for these metal ions binding to MT-3. Zn2+ was also chelated from the individual α and β domains of MT-3 to quantify the thermodynamics of inter-domain interactions in metal binding. Comparative titrations of Zn7MT-2 with Cu+ revealed that both MT isoforms have similar Cu+ affinities and binding thermodynamics, indicating that ΔH and ΔS are determined primarily by the conserved Cys residues. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis and low temperature luminescence measurements of Cu-replete samples showed that both proteins form two Cu4 +-thiolate clusters when Cu+ displaces Zn2+ under physiological conditions. Comparison of the Zn2+ and Cu+ binding thermodynamics reveal that enthalpically-favoured Cu+, which forms Cu4 +-thiolate clusters, displaces the entropically-favoured Zn2+. These results provide a detailed thermodynamic analysis of d10 metal binding to these thiolate-rich proteins and quantitative support for, as well as molecular insight into, the role that MT-3 plays in the neuronal chemistry of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahma Elsiesy
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Rabina Lakha
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Rhiza Lyne E Villones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Marina Orman
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Christina L Vizcarra
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson TX 75080 USA
| | - Dean E Wilcox
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Rachel N Austin
- Department of Chemistry, Barnard College of Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
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25
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Liu R, Kowada T, Du Y, Amagai Y, Matsui T, Inaba K, Mizukami S. Organelle-Level Labile Zn 2+ Mapping Based on Targetable Fluorescent Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:748-757. [PMID: 35238552 PMCID: PMC8963189 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although many Zn2+ fluorescent probes have been developed, there remains a lack of consensus on the labile Zn2+ concentrations ([Zn2+]) in several cellular compartments, as the fluorescence properties and zinc affinity of the fluorescent probes are greatly affected by the pH and redox environments specific to organelles. In this study, we developed two turn-on-type Zn2+ fluorescent probes, namely, ZnDA-2H and ZnDA-3H, with low pH sensitivity and suitable affinity (Kd = 5.0 and 0.16 nM) for detecting physiological labile Zn2+ in various cellular compartments, such as the cytosol, nucleus, ER, and mitochondria. Due to their sufficient membrane permeability, both probes were precisely localized to the target organelles in HeLa cells using HaloTag labeling technology. Using an in situ standard quantification method, we identified the [Zn2+] in the tested organelles, resulting in the subcellular [Zn2+] distribution as [Zn2+]ER < [Zn2+]mito < [Zn2+]cyto ∼ [Zn2+]nuc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Graduate
School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kowada
- Graduate
School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan,Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan,Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuyin Du
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuta Amagai
- Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Matsui
- Graduate
School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan,Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan,Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kenji Inaba
- Graduate
School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan,Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan,Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan,AMED-CREST,
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Shin Mizukami
- Graduate
School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,
Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan,Institute
of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan,Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tohoku
University, 6-3 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan,AMED-CREST,
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan,
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26
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Ge EJ, Bush AI, Casini A, Cobine PA, Cross JR, DeNicola GM, Dou QP, Franz KJ, Gohil VM, Gupta S, Kaler SG, Lutsenko S, Mittal V, Petris MJ, Polishchuk R, Ralle M, Schilsky ML, Tonks NK, Vahdat LT, Van Aelst L, Xi D, Yuan P, Brady DC, Chang CJ. Connecting copper and cancer: from transition metal signalling to metalloplasia. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:102-113. [PMID: 34764459 PMCID: PMC8810673 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 282.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential nutrient whose redox properties make it both beneficial and toxic to the cell. Recent progress in studying transition metal signalling has forged new links between researchers of different disciplines that can help translate basic research in the chemistry and biology of copper into clinical therapies and diagnostics to exploit copper-dependent disease vulnerabilities. This concept is particularly relevant in cancer, as tumour growth and metastasis have a heightened requirement for this metal nutrient. Indeed, the traditional view of copper as solely an active site metabolic cofactor has been challenged by emerging evidence that copper is also a dynamic signalling metal and metalloallosteric regulator, such as for copper-dependent phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE3B) in lipolysis, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) and MEK2 in cell growth and proliferation and the kinases ULK1 and ULK2 in autophagy. In this Perspective, we summarize our current understanding of the connection between copper and cancer and explore how challenges in the field could be addressed by using the framework of cuproplasia, which is defined as regulated copper-dependent cell proliferation and is a representative example of a broad range of metalloplasias. Cuproplasia is linked to a diverse array of cellular processes, including mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant defence, redox signalling, kinase signalling, autophagy and protein quality control. Identifying and characterizing new modes of copper-dependent signalling offers translational opportunities that leverage disease vulnerabilities to this metal nutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Justin R Cross
- Donald B. and Catherine C. Marron Cancer Metabolism Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Irwin S. and Sylvia Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen G Kaler
- Center for Gene Therapy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neuberger Berman Foundation Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Christopher S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael L Schilsky
- Section of Transplantation and Immunology, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Linda T Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Dan Xi
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MI, USA
| | - Donita C Brady
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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27
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Calvo JS, Villones RLE, York NJ, Stefaniak E, Hamilton GE, Stelling AL, Bal W, Pierce BS, Meloni G. Evidence for a Long-Lived, Cu-Coupled and Oxygen-Inert Disulfide Radical Anion in the Assembly of Metallothionein-3 Cu(I) 4-Thiolate Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:709-722. [PMID: 34985880 PMCID: PMC9029059 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The human copper-binding protein metallothionein-3 (MT-3) can reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I) and form a polynuclear Cu(I)4-Cys5-6 cluster concomitant with intramolecular disulfide bonds formation, but the cluster is unusually inert toward O2 and redox-cycling. We utilized a combined array of rapid-mixing spectroscopic techniques to identify and characterize the transient radical intermediates formed in the reaction between Zn7MT-3 and Cu(II) to form Cu(I)4Zn(II)4MT-3. Stopped-flow electronic absorption spectroscopy reveals the rapid formation of transient species with absorption centered at 430-450 nm and consistent with the generation of disulfide radical anions (DRAs) upon reduction of Cu(II) by MT-3 cysteine thiolates. These DRAs are oxygen-stable and unusually long-lived, with lifetimes in the seconds regime. Subsequent DRAs reduction by Cu(II) leads to the formation of a redox-inert Cu(I)4-Cys5 cluster with short Cu-Cu distances (<2.8 Å), as revealed by low-temperature (77 K) luminescence spectroscopy. Rapid freeze-quench Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy characterization of the intermediates confirmed the DRA nature of the sulfur-centered radicals and their subsequent oxidation to disulfide bonds upon Cu(II) reduction, generating the final Cu(I)4-thiolate cluster. EPR simulation analysis of the radical g- and A-values indicate that the DRAs are directly coupled to Cu(I), potentially explaining the observed DRA stability in the presence of O2. We thus provide evidence that the MT-3 Cu(I)4-Cys5 cluster assembly process involves the controlled formation of novel long-lived, copper-coupled, and oxygen-stable disulfide radical anion transient intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer S Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Rhiza Lyne E Villones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Nicholas J York
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - Ewelina Stefaniak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grace E Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Allison L Stelling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brad S Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, 250 Hackberry Lane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, United States
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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28
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Wang X, Wang WX. Cu-based nanoparticle toxicity to zebrafish cells regulated by cellular discharges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118296. [PMID: 34627961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular transport of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is critical in determining their potential toxicity, but the transformation of metal ions released from the internalized NPs is largely unknown. Cu-based NPs are the only metallic-based NPs that are reported to induce higher toxicity compared with their corresponding ions, likely due to their unique cellular turnover. In the present study, we developed a novel gold core to differentiate the particulate and ionic Cu in the Cu2O microparticles (MPs), and the kinetics of bioaccumulation, exocytosis, and cytotoxicity of Au@Cu2O MPs to zebrafish embryonic cells were subsequently studied. We demonstrated that the internalized MPs were rapidly dissolved to Cu ions, which then undergo lysosome-mediated exocytosis. The uptake rate of smaller MPs (130 nm) was lower than that of larger ones (200 nm), but smaller MPs were dissolved much quickly in cells and therefore activated the exocytosis more quickly. The rapid release of Cu ions resulted in an immediate toxic action of Cu2O MPs, while the cell deaths mainly occurred by necrosis. During this process, the buffering ability of glutathione greatly alleviated the Cu toxicity. Therefore, although the turnover of intracellular Cu at a sublethal exposure level was hundred times faster than the basal values, labile Cu(I) concentration increased by only 2 times at most. Overall, this work provided new insights into the toxicity of copper NPs, suggesting that tolerance to Cu-based NPs depended on their ability to discharge the released Cu ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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29
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O'Sullivan JJ, Medici V, Heffern MC. A caged imidazopyrazinone for selective bioluminescence detection of labile extracellular copper( ii). Chem Sci 2022; 13:4352-4363. [PMID: 35509459 PMCID: PMC9006956 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07177g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential redox-active metal that plays integral roles in biology ranging from enzymatic catalysis to mitochondrial respiration. However, if not adequately regulated, this redox activity has the potential to cause oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species. Indeed, the dysregulation of copper has been associated with a variety of disease states including diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and multiple cancers. While increasing tools are being developed for illuminating labile intracellular copper pools and the trafficking pathways in which they are involved, significantly less attention has been given to the analogous extracellular labile pool. To address this gap, we have developed a bioluminescence-based imaging probe, picolinic ester caged-diphenylterazine (pic-DTZ) for monitoring labile, extracellular copper using a coelenterazine-like imidazopyrazinone and the genetically-engineered, marine-based luciferase, nanoluciferase. Unlike the more commonly-used firefly luciferase, nanoluciferase does not require ATP, allowing its application to the extracellular milieu. pic-DTZ demonstrates high metal and oxidation state selectivity for Cu(ii) in aqueous buffer as well as selectivity for labile pools over coordinatively inaccessible protein-bound Cu(ii). We demonstrate the potential of pic-DTZ as a diagnostic tool in human serum and plasma for copper-associated diseases. Additionally, we apply pic-DTZ to lend insight into the extracellular copper dynamic in anticancer treatments. A caged imidazopyrazinone can detect reactive extracellular copper in mammalian systems using bioluminescence generated with the ATP-independent nanoluciferase enzyme.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis, 4150 V Street, PSSB Suite 3500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Marie C. Heffern
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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30
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Xu H, Yao S, Chen Y, Zhang C, Zhang S, Yuan H, Chen Z, Bai Y, Yang T, Guo Z, He W. Tracking Labile Copper Fluctuation In Vivo/ Ex Vivo: Design and Application of a Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorophore Derived from 4-Aminostyrene-Conjugated Boron Dipyrromethene. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18567-18574. [PMID: 34826221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Specimen differences, tissue-dependent background fluorescence and scattering, and deviated specimen position and sensor concentration make optical imaging for labile copper fluctuation in animals questionable, and a signal comparison between specimens is infeasible. We proposed ratiometric optical imaging as an alternative to overcome these disadvantages, and a near-infrared (NIR) ratiometric sensor, BDPS1, was devised therefore by conjugating boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) with 4-aminostyrene and modifying the 4-amino group as a Cu+ chelator. BDPS1 possessed an excitation ratiometric copper-sensing ability to show the ratio of NIR emission (710 nm) upon excitation at 600 nm to that at 660 nm, Fex600/Fex660, increasing from 2.8 to 10.7. This sensor displayed still the opposite copper response of its internal charge transfer (ICT; 670 nm) and local (581 nm) emission bands. Ratiometric imaging with this sensor disclosed a higher labile copper region near the nucleus apparatus, and HEK-293T cells were more sensitive to copper incubation than MCF-7 cells. Dual excitation ratiometric imaging with this sensor realized tracking of labile copper fluctuation in mice, and the whole-body imaging found that tail intravenous injection of CUTX-101, a therapeutical agent for Menkes disease, led to a distinct labile copper increase in the upper belly. The ex vivo imaging of the resected viscera of mice revealed that CUTX-101 injection enhanced the labile copper level in the liver, intestine, lung, and gall bladder in sequence, yet the kidney, heart, and spleen showed almost no response. This study indicated that modifying BODIPY as an extended ICT fluorophore, with its electron-donating group being derived as a metal chelator, is an effective design rationale of NIR ratiometric sensors for copper tracking in vivo/ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changli Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
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31
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Abstract
The functions, purposes, and roles of metallothioneins have been the subject of speculations since the discovery of the protein over 60 years ago. This article guides through the history of investigations and resolves multiple contentions by providing new interpretations of the structure-stability-function relationship. It challenges the dogma that the biologically relevant structure of the mammalian proteins is only the one determined by X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. The terms metallothionein and thionein are ambiguous and insufficient to understand biological function. The proteins need to be seen in their biological context, which limits and defines the chemistry possible. They exist in multiple forms with different degrees of metalation and types of metal ions. The homoleptic thiolate coordination of mammalian metallothioneins is important for their molecular mechanism. It endows the proteins with redox activity and a specific pH dependence of their metal affinities. The proteins, therefore, also exist in different redox states of the sulfur donor ligands. Their coordination dynamics allows a vast conformational landscape for interactions with other proteins and ligands. Many fundamental signal transduction pathways regulate the expression of the dozen of human metallothionein genes. Recent advances in understanding the control of cellular zinc and copper homeostasis are the foundation for suggesting that mammalian metallothioneins provide a highly dynamic, regulated, and uniquely biological metal buffer to control the availability, fluctuations, and signaling transients of the most competitive Zn(II) and Cu(I) ions in cellular space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław 50-383, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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32
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Ratiometric two-photon fluorescence probes for sensing, imaging and biomedicine applications at living cell and small animal levels. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Lutsenko S. Dynamic and cell-specific transport networks for intracellular copper ions. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272704. [PMID: 34734631 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) homeostasis is essential for the development and function of many organisms. In humans, Cu misbalance causes serious pathologies and has been observed in a growing number of diseases. This Review focuses on mammalian Cu(I) transporters and highlights recent studies on regulation of intracellular Cu fluxes. Cu is used by essential metabolic enzymes for their activity. These enzymes are located in various intracellular compartments and outside cells. When cells differentiate, or their metabolic state is otherwise altered, the need for Cu in different cell compartments change, and Cu has to be redistributed to accommodate these changes. The Cu transporters SLC31A1 (CTR1), SLC31A2 (CTR2), ATP7A and ATP7B regulate Cu content in cellular compartments and maintain Cu homeostasis. Increasing numbers of regulatory proteins have been shown to contribute to multifaceted regulation of these Cu transporters. It is becoming abundantly clear that the Cu transport networks are dynamic and cell specific. The comparison of the Cu transport machinery in the liver and intestine illustrates the distinct composition and dissimilar regulatory response of their Cu transporters to changing Cu levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lutsenko
- Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Department of Physiology, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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34
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Priessner M, Summers PA, Lewis BW, Sastre M, Ying L, Kuimova MK, Vilar R. Selective Detection of Cu
+
Ions in Live Cells via Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Priessner
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Peter A. Summers
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Benjamin W. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Magdalena Sastre
- Department of Brain Sciences Imperial College London Hammersmith Campus London W12 0NN UK
| | - Liming Ying
- National Heart and Lung Institute Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus Imperial College London London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London White City Campus London W12 0BZ UK
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35
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Priessner M, Summers PA, Lewis BW, Sastre M, Ying L, Kuimova MK, Vilar R. Selective Detection of Cu + Ions in Live Cells via Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23148-23153. [PMID: 34379368 PMCID: PMC8596571 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element in living organisms with its levels and localisation being carefully managed by the cellular machinery. However, if misregulated, deficiency or excess of copper ions can lead to several diseases. Therefore, it is important to have reliable methods to detect, monitor and visualise this metal in cells. Herein we report a new optical probe based on BODIPY, which shows a switch-on in its fluorescence intensity upon binding to copper(I), but not in the presence of high concentration of other physiologically relevant metal ions. More interestingly, binding to copper(I) leads to significant changes in the fluorescence lifetime of the new probe, which can be used to visualize copper(I) pools in lysosomes of live cells via fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Priessner
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Peter A. Summers
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Benjamin W. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Magdalena Sastre
- Department of Brain SciencesImperial College LondonHammersmith CampusLondonW12 0NNUK
| | - Liming Ying
- National Heart and Lung InstituteMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusImperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Marina K. Kuimova
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
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36
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Jiang J, Sun H, Hu Y, Lu G, Cui J, Hao J. AIE + ESIPT activity-based NIR Cu 2+ sensor with dye participated binding strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7685-7688. [PMID: 34254605 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02233d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel activity-based Cu2+ fluorescent probe featuring multidentate binding sites was synthesized. It functions through chelation with Cu2+, which in turn specifically triggers hydrolysis of the probe to release a near-infrared emission with AIE + ESIPT properties. The probe was found to be capable of ratiometric imaging of Cu2+ in living HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Haifeng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Yanlei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jiwei Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of the Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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37
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Scinto SL, Bilodeau DA, Hincapie R, Lee W, Nguyen SS, Xu M, am Ende CW, Finn MG, Lang K, Lin Q, Pezacki JP, Prescher JA, Robillard MS, Fox JM. Bioorthogonal chemistry. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1:30. [PMID: 34585143 PMCID: PMC8469592 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry represents a class of high-yielding chemical reactions that proceed rapidly and selectively in biological environments without side reactions towards endogenous functional groups. Rooted in the principles of physical organic chemistry, bioorthogonal reactions are intrinsically selective transformations not commonly found in biology. Key reactions include native chemical ligation and the Staudinger ligation, copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, strain-promoted [3 + 2] reactions, tetrazine ligation, metal-catalysed coupling reactions, oxime and hydrazone ligations as well as photoinducible bioorthogonal reactions. Bioorthogonal chemistry has significant overlap with the broader field of 'click chemistry' - high-yielding reactions that are wide in scope and simple to perform, as recently exemplified by sulfuryl fluoride exchange chemistry. The underlying mechanisms of these transformations and their optimal conditions are described in this Primer, followed by discussion of how bioorthogonal chemistry has become essential to the fields of biomedical imaging, medicinal chemistry, protein synthesis, polymer science, materials science and surface science. The applications of bioorthogonal chemistry are diverse and include genetic code expansion and metabolic engineering, drug target identification, antibody-drug conjugation and drug delivery. This Primer describes standards for reproducibility and data deposition, outlines how current limitations are driving new research directions and discusses new opportunities for applying bioorthogonal chemistry to emerging problems in biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Scinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Didier A. Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Robert Hincapie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Wankyu Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Sean S. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Minghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | | | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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38
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Falcone E, Okafor M, Vitale N, Raibaut L, Sour A, Faller P. Extracellular Cu2+ pools and their detection: From current knowledge to next-generation probes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Hartwig C, Méndez GM, Bhattacharjee S, Vrailas-Mortimer AD, Zlatic SA, Freeman AAH, Gokhale A, Concilli M, Werner E, Sapp Savas C, Rudin-Rush S, Palmer L, Shearing N, Margewich L, McArthy J, Taylor S, Roberts B, Lupashin V, Polishchuk RS, Cox DN, Jorquera RA, Faundez V. Golgi-Dependent Copper Homeostasis Sustains Synaptic Development and Mitochondrial Content. J Neurosci 2021; 41:215-233. [PMID: 33208468 PMCID: PMC7810662 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1284-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare genetic diseases preponderantly affect the nervous system causing neurodegeneration to neurodevelopmental disorders. This is the case for both Menkes and Wilson disease, arising from mutations in ATP7A and ATP7B, respectively. The ATP7A and ATP7B proteins localize to the Golgi and regulate copper homeostasis. We demonstrate genetic and biochemical interactions between ATP7 paralogs with the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, a Golgi apparatus vesicular tether. Disruption of Drosophila copper homeostasis by ATP7 tissue-specific transgenic expression caused alterations in epidermis, aminergic, sensory, and motor neurons. Prominent among neuronal phenotypes was a decreased mitochondrial content at synapses, a phenotype that paralleled with alterations of synaptic morphology, transmission, and plasticity. These neuronal and synaptic phenotypes caused by transgenic expression of ATP7 were rescued by downregulation of COG complex subunits. We conclude that the integrity of Golgi-dependent copper homeostasis mechanisms, requiring ATP7 and COG, are necessary to maintain mitochondria functional integrity and localization to synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Menkes and Wilson disease affect copper homeostasis and characteristically afflict the nervous system. However, their molecular neuropathology mechanisms remain mostly unexplored. We demonstrate that copper homeostasis in neurons is maintained by two factors that localize to the Golgi apparatus, ATP7 and the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex. Disruption of these mechanisms affect mitochondrial function and localization to synapses as well as neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. These findings suggest communication between the Golgi apparatus and mitochondria through homeostatically controlled cellular copper levels and copper-dependent enzymatic activities in both organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortnie Hartwig
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | - Shatabdi Bhattacharjee
- Neuroscience Institute, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | | | | | - Amanda A H Freeman
- The Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Mafalda Concilli
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Erica Werner
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | | | | | - Laura Palmer
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Nicole Shearing
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Lindsey Margewich
- School of Biological Sciences, IL State University, Normal, Illinois 617901
| | - Jacob McArthy
- School of Biological Sciences, IL State University, Normal, Illinois 617901
| | - Savanah Taylor
- School of Biological Sciences, IL State University, Normal, Illinois 617901
| | - Blaine Roberts
- Departments of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Vladimir Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205
| | - Roman S Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli 80078, Italy
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302
| | - Ramon A Jorquera
- Neuroscience Department, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, Puerto Rico 00956
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile
| | - Victor Faundez
- Departments of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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40
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Juvekar V, Park SJ, Yoon J, Kim HM. Recent progress in the two-photon fluorescent probes for metal ions. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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41
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Lelièvre P, Sancey L, Coll JL, Deniaud A, Busser B. The Multifaceted Roles of Copper in Cancer: A Trace Metal Element with Dysregulated Metabolism, but Also a Target or a Bullet for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3594. [PMID: 33271772 PMCID: PMC7760327 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, copper (Cu) is a major and essential player in a large number of cellular mechanisms and signaling pathways. The involvement of Cu in oxidation-reduction reactions requires close regulation of copper metabolism in order to avoid toxic effects. In many types of cancer, variations in copper protein levels have been demonstrated. These variations result in increased concentrations of intratumoral Cu and alterations in the systemic distribution of copper. Such alterations in Cu homeostasis may promote tumor growth or invasiveness or may even confer resistance to treatments. Once characterized, the dysregulated Cu metabolism is pinpointing several promising biomarkers for clinical use with prognostic or predictive capabilities. The altered Cu metabolism in cancer cells and the different responses of tumor cells to Cu are strongly supporting the development of treatments to disrupt, deplete, or increase Cu levels in tumors. The metallic nature of Cu as a chemical element is key for the development of anticancer agents via the synthesis of nanoparticles or copper-based complexes with antineoplastic properties for therapy. Finally, some of these new therapeutic strategies such as chelators or ionophores have shown promising results in a preclinical setting, and others are already in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lelièvre
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
| | - Aurélien Deniaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Busser
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, UGA INSERM U1209 CNRS UMR5309, 38700 La Tronche, France; (P.L.); (L.S.); (J.-L.C.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, 38043 Grenoble, France
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42
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Pham D, Deter CJ, Reinard MC, Gibson GA, Kiselyov K, Yu W, Sandulache VC, St. Croix CM, Koide K. Using Ligand-Accelerated Catalysis to Repurpose Fluorogenic Reactions for Platinum or Copper. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1772-1788. [PMID: 33145414 PMCID: PMC7596870 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of a fluorescent probe for a specific metal has required exquisite design, synthesis, and optimization of fluorogenic molecules endowed with chelating moieties with heteroatoms. These probes are generally chelation- or reactivity-based. Catalysis-based fluorescent probes have the potential to be more sensitive; however, catalytic methods with a biocompatible fluorescence turn-on switch are rare. Here, we have exploited ligand-accelerated metal catalysis to repurpose known fluorescent probes for different metals, a new approach in probe development. We used the cleavage of allylic and propargylic ethers as platforms that were previously designed for palladium. After a single experiment that combinatorially examined >800 reactions with two variables (metal and ligand) for each ether, we discovered a platinum- or copper-selective method with the ligand effect of specific phosphines. Both metal-ligand systems were previously unknown and afforded strong signals owing to catalytic turnover. The fluorometric technologies were applied to geological, pharmaceutical, serum, and live cell samples and were used to discover that platinum accumulates in lysosomes in cisplatin-resistant cells in a manner that appears to be independent of copper distribution. The use of ligand-accelerated catalysis may present a new blueprint for engineering metal selectivity in probe development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Pham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Carly J. Deter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Mariah C. Reinard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Gregory A. Gibson
- Department
of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Wangjie Yu
- Bobby
R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Vlad C. Sandulache
- Bobby
R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Claudette M. St. Croix
- Department
of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Kazunori Koide
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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43
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Bartnicka JJ, Al-Salemee F, Firth G, Blower PJ. L-Cysteine-mediated modulation of copper trafficking in prostate cancer cells: an in vitro and in vivo investigation with 64Cu and 64Cu-PET. Metallomics 2020; 12:1508-1520. [PMID: 32959856 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00161a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper imbalance is implicated in many diseases, including cancer. Copper in blood is mainly transported by carrier proteins but a small fraction is bound to low molecular weight species, possibly amino acids. Their roles in cellular copper delivery are unknown. Our aim was to test whether accumulation of 64Cu into cancer-derived cells can be influenced by copper-binding serum amino acids. In vitro cellular accumulation of 64Cu was measured in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution in the presence of 100 μM l-histidine, l-methionine, l-cysteine and l-threonine. l-Cysteine markedly increased 64Cu accumulation and retention in DU145, PC3 and SK-OV-3 cells, while some other cell lines did not show an effect. This effect was not due to 64Cu delivery in the form of a 64Cu-cysteine complex, nor to reduction of 64Cu(ii) to 64Cu(i) by l-cysteine. Pre-incubation of cells with l-cysteine increased 64Cu accumulation, even if l-cysteine was removed from HBSS before 64Cu was added. The effect of l-cysteine on 64Cu accumulation was not mediated by increased glutathione synthesis. Despite the demonstrable in vitro effect, pre-injection of l-cysteine precursor N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in vivo did not enhance 64Cu delivery to DU145 xenografts in mice. Instead, it decreased 64Cu accumulation in the DU145 tumour and in brain, as assessed by PET imaging. We conclude that 64Cu is not delivered to DU145 cancer cells in vitro as a complex with amino acids but its cellular accumulation is enhanced by l-cysteine or NAC influx to cells. The latter effect was not demonstrable in vivo in the DU145 xenograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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44
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Abstract
KRAS-driven cancers acquire profound metabolic dependencies that are intimately linked to tumor growth. Our work revealed that colorectal cancers that harbor KRAS mutations are addicted to copper metabolism. This adaptation renders tumor cells critically dependent on the copper transporter ATP7A, which reveals copper metabolism as a promising therapeutic target for KRAS-driven colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Aubert
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université De Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Neethi Nandagopal
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université De Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université De Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université De Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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45
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Cobine PA, Moore SA, Leary SC. Getting out what you put in: Copper in mitochondria and its impacts on human disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118867. [PMID: 32979421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria accumulate copper in their matrix for the eventual maturation of the cuproenzymes cytochrome c oxidase and superoxide dismutase. Transport into the matrix is achieved by mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) proteins. The major copper transporting MCF described to date in yeast is Pic2, which imports the metal ion into the matrix. Pic2 is one of ~30 MCFs that move numerous metabolites, nucleotides and co-factors across the inner membrane for use in the matrix. Genetic and biochemical experiments showed that Pic2 is required for cytochrome c oxidase activity under copper stress, and that it is capable of transporting ionic and complexed forms of copper. The Pic2 ortholog SLC25A3, one of 53 mammalian MCFs, functions as both a copper and a phosphate transporter. Depletion of SLC25A3 results in decreased accumulation of copper in the matrix, a cytochrome c oxidase defect and a modulation of cytosolic superoxide dismutase abundance. The regulatory roles for copper and cuproproteins resident to the mitochondrion continue to expand beyond the organelle. Mitochondrial copper chaperones have been linked to the modulation of cellular copper uptake and export and the facilitation of inter-organ communication. Recently, a role for matrix copper has also been proposed in a novel cell death pathway termed cuproptosis. This review will detail our understanding of the maturation of mitochondrial copper enzymes, the roles of mitochondrial signals in regulating cellular copper content, the proposed mechanisms of copper transport into the organelle and explore the evolutionary origins of copper homeostasis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
| | - Stanley A Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Scot C Leary
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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46
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Lee S, Chung CYS, Liu P, Craciun L, Nishikawa Y, Bruemmer KJ, Hamachi I, Saijo K, Miller EW, Chang CJ. Activity-Based Sensing with a Metal-Directed Acyl Imidazole Strategy Reveals Cell Type-Dependent Pools of Labile Brain Copper. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14993-15003. [PMID: 32815370 PMCID: PMC7877313 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Copper is a required nutrient for life and particularly important to the brain and central nervous system. Indeed, copper redox activity is essential to maintaining normal physiological responses spanning neural signaling to metabolism, but at the same time copper misregulation is associated with inflammation and neurodegeneration. As such, chemical probes that can track dynamic changes in copper with spatial resolution, especially in loosely bound, labile forms, are valuable tools to identify and characterize its contributions to healthy and disease states. In this report, we present an activity-based sensing (ABS) strategy for copper detection in live cells that preserves spatial information by a copper-dependent bioconjugation reaction. Specifically, we designed copper-directed acyl imidazole dyes that operate through copper-mediated activation of acyl imidazole electrophiles for subsequent labeling of proximal proteins at sites of elevated labile copper to provide a permanent stain that resists washing and fixation. To showcase the utility of this new ABS platform, we sought to characterize labile copper pools in the three main cell types in the brain: neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Exposure of each of these cell types to physiologically relevant stimuli shows distinct changes in labile copper pools. Neurons display translocation of labile copper from somatic cell bodies to peripheral processes upon activation, whereas astrocytes and microglia exhibit global decreases and increases in intracellular labile copper pools, respectively, after exposure to inflammatory stimuli. This work provides foundational information on cell type-dependent homeostasis of copper, an essential metal in the brain, as well as a starting point for the design of new activity-based probes for metals and other dynamic signaling and stress analytes in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuki Nishikawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | | | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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47
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Fu Q, Fan X, Sun J, Tan H, Wang Y, Ouyang J, Na N. Visualizations of Mercury Methylation and Dynamic Transformations by In Vivo Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000072. [PMID: 32638515 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of Hg(II) and MeHg in their native contexts is significant for examining mercury poisoning, while it is challenging because of indistinguishable fluorescent (FL) signals during FL imaging. Herein, visualizations of mercury methylation and dynamic transformations of Hg(II) and MeHg are achieved in living biological systems. Well distinguishable FL responses (blue emission for Hg(II), yellow emission for MeHg) are obtained by a double-response FL probe (DPAHB) without any interference. As demonstrated by experimental and computational studies, the distinguishable signals are attributed to selective binding with DPAHB and different inhibition of excited-state proton transfer. Through control tests for live-dead markers, mercury methylation is demonstrated to be employed in living biological systems. Therefore, the methylation and dynamic transformations of both ions are monitored in zebrafish by imaging, and these results are confirmed by traditional high-performance liquid chromatography-based methods. The methylation of Hg(II) to MeHg, dynamic transformations and final accumulations of both species in zebrafish tissues are visualized successfully. This method is also convenient for fast evaluation of detoxification reagents. This is the first visualization of in vivo mercury methylation and dynamic transformation of both species and is effective for studying pathological processes in their native contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuchan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Copper bioavailability is a KRAS-specific vulnerability in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3701. [PMID: 32709883 PMCID: PMC7381612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its importance in human cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRC), oncogenic KRAS has been extremely challenging to target therapeutically. To identify potential vulnerabilities in KRAS-mutated CRC, we characterize the impact of oncogenic KRAS on the cell surface of intestinal epithelial cells. Here we show that oncogenic KRAS alters the expression of a myriad of cell-surface proteins implicated in diverse biological functions, and identify many potential surface-accessible therapeutic targets. Cell surface-based loss-of-function screens reveal that ATP7A, a copper-exporter upregulated by mutant KRAS, is essential for neoplastic growth. ATP7A is upregulated at the surface of KRAS-mutated CRC, and protects cells from excess copper-ion toxicity. We find that KRAS-mutated cells acquire copper via a non-canonical mechanism involving macropinocytosis, which appears to be required to support their growth. Together, these results indicate that copper bioavailability is a KRAS-selective vulnerability that could be exploited for the treatment of KRAS-mutated neoplasms.
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Nguyen TQ, Kim JE, Brawley HN, Lindahl PA. Chromatographic detection of low-molecular-mass metal complexes in the cytosol of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metallomics 2020; 12:1094-1105. [PMID: 32301942 PMCID: PMC7497409 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based chelators are commonly used to probe labile low-molecular-mass (LMM) metal pools in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, but such chelators destroy the complexes of interest during detection. The objective of this study was to use chromatography to directly detect such complexes. Towards this end, 47 batches of cytosol were isolated from fermenting S. cerevisiae yeast cells and passed through a 10 kDa cut-off membrane. The metal contents of the cytosol and resulting flow-through solution (FTS) were determined. FTSs were applied to a size-exclusion LC column located in an anaerobic refrigerated glove box. The LC system was coupled to an online inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for detection of individual metals. Iron-detected chromatograms of cytosolic FTSs from WT cells exhibited 2-4 major species with apparent masses between 500-1300 Da. Increasing the iron concentration in the growth medium 40-fold increased the overall intensity of these peaks. Approximately 3 LMM cytosolic copper complexes with apparent masses between 300-1300 Da were also detected; their LC intensities were weak, but these increased with increasing concentrations of copper in the growth medium. Observed higher-mass copper-detected peaks were tentatively assigned to copper-bound metallothioneins Cup1 and Crs5. FTSs from strains in which Cup1 or the Cox17 copper chaperone were deleted altered the distribution of LMM copper complexes. LMM zinc- and manganese-detected species were also present in cytosol, albeit at low concentrations. Supplementing the growth medium with zinc increased the intensity of the zinc peak assigned to Crs5 but the intensities of LMM zinc complexes were unaffected. Phosphorus-detected chromatograms were dominated by peaks at apparent masses 400-800 Da, with minor peaks at 1000-1500 Da in some batches. Sulfur chromatograms contained a low-intensity peak that comigrated with a glutathione standard; quantification suggested a GSH concentration in the cytosol of ca. 13 mM. A second LMM sulfur peak that migrated at an apparent mass of 100 Da was also evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3255, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Buccella
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Janet R. Morrow
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, 14260, United Stated
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