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Shan Cassandra Chong W, Tilbrook D, Pereira G, Dykes GA, George N, Coorey R. Antioxidant activities, phenolic compounds, and mineral composition of seed from Acacia retinodes, A. Provincialis and A. Tenuissima. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113452. [PMID: 37803777 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Seeds of the species Acacia retinodes, A. provincialis, and A. tenuissima) from different growing locations were analysed for their mineral composition, free and bound polyphenols, and flavonoids. Previous research has studied these compounds in only a limited number of Acacia species, and only one study reports significant differences between three species. All species were rich in potassium (353 - 427 mg/100 g), sodium (14 - 240 mg/100 g) and iron (7 - 8 mg/100 g). The free polyphenol extracts of all species had higher total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities than their bound counterparts, indicating the possibility of higher bioavailability than the bound polyphenol extracts. The predominant phenolic compounds found in the Acacia polyphenol seed extracts were 6-Hydroxy-2-methylindole and 2,2'-Methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-methylphenol), though no phenolic compounds were identified in the bound extracts of A. retinodes Grampians and A. provincialis Tarrington. Other compounds identified in the seed extracts include sucrose, d-fructofuranose and d-pinitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shan Cassandra Chong
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; Food Agility CRC Ltd, 81 Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Dale Tilbrook
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia; enAble Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Gary A Dykes
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Nicholas George
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Ranil Coorey
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia.
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Deyashi M, Chakraborty SB. Acute exposure to a neem based biopesticide and mahua oil cake changes haemocyte parameters in freshwater crab, Varuna litterata (Decapoda, Crustacea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:505-517. [PMID: 36265743 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Present study aims to evaluate the immunotoxic effects of two biopesticides, Nimbecidine Plus (a neem biopesticide) and mahua oil cake (MOC) on the haemocyte populations of a freshwater crab, Varuna litterata after acute exposure. Four-day static renewal bioassay test was performed where sixteen healthy adult male crabs were exposed to 96-h LC50 values of Nimbecidine Plus (0.006284 ppt) and MOC aqueous extract (7.631 ppt) separately in the laboratory condition. Control groups were maintained throughout the experimental period without any biopesticide exposure. Various haemocyte parameters such as total count (THC), differential count (DHC), haemocyte density, cytomorphological anomalies and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in the biopesticides-exposed and control crabs after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure. After treatment with Nimbecidine Plus and MOC, several cytomorphological deformities (cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane disintegration, chromatin condensation, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, nuclear vacuolation, altered cell shape, cellular coagulation, cytoplasmic discharge, vacuolation) were observed in hyalinocytes, small granule haemocytes and large granule haemocytes with modulation of their relative percentages at different exposure times. THC, DHC, haemocyte density and ROS levels were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in biopesticides-exposed crabs at different exposure periods. The toxicity of both biopesticides did not persist throughout the entire exposure time. Nimbecidine Plus exhibited nonlinear toxic impacts on different haemocyte parameters at initial, mid and higher exposure periods whereas MOC showed linear toxic effects mostly at initial exposure time. In comparison to MOC, Nimbecidine Plus showed higher immunotoxic effects in V. litterata. Outcome of this experiment might provide useful information to understand the immune responses of V. litterata against biopesticide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Deyashi
- Department of Zoology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Govt. College, New Town, Kolkata, India; Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Ali A, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR. LC-MS/MS Characterization of Phenolic Metabolites and Their Antioxidant Activities from Australian Native Plants. Metabolites 2022; 12:1016. [PMID: 36355099 PMCID: PMC9698446 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are considered vital bioactive compounds beneficial for human health. The Australian flora is enriched with polyphenols which are not fully characterized yet. Thus, the main objective of this study was to identify and characterize the Australian native sandalwood nuts, wattle seeds, lemongrass, and old man saltbush for phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities. In this study, we tentatively identified a total of 155 phenolic compounds including 25 phenolic acids, 55 flavonoids, 22 isoflavonoids, 22 tannins, 22 lignans, 33 stilbenes, 33 coumarins and derivatives, 12 tyrosols and derivatives, and 6 phenolic terpenes. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) (15.09 ± 0.88 mg GAE/g) was quantified in lemongrass, while the lowest TPC (4.17 ± 0.33 mg GAE/g) was measured in wattle seeds. The highest total flavonoid content (TFC) and total condensed tannins (TCT) were measured in lemongrass and wattle seeds, respectively. A total of 18 phenolic metabolites were quantified/semi-quantified in this experiment. Lemongrass contains a vast number of phenolic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jeremy J. Cottrell
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- The Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Rahman MM, Bibi S, Rahaman MS, Rahman F, Islam F, Khan MS, Hasan MM, Parvez A, Hossain MA, Maeesa SK, Islam MR, Najda A, Al-Malky HS, Mohamed HRH, AlGwaiz HIM, Awaji AA, Germoush MO, Kensara OA, Abdel-Daim MM, Saeed M, Kamal MA. Natural therapeutics and nutraceuticals for lung diseases: Traditional significance, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113041. [PMID: 35658211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infections like influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and pneumonia lung cancer (LC) are common causes of sickness and death worldwide due to their remoteness, cold and harsh climatic conditions, and inaccessible health care facilities. PURPOSE Many drugs have already been proposed for the treatment of lung diseases. Few of them are in clinical trials and have the potential to cure infectious diseases. Plant extracts or herbal products have been extensively used as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Indian Ayurveda. Moreover, it has been involved in the inhibition of certain genes/protiens effects to promote regulation of signaling pathways. Natural remedies have been scientifically proven with remarkable bioactivities and are considered a cheap and safe source for lung disease. METHODS This comprehensive review highlighted the literature about traditional plants and their metabolites with their applications for the treatment of lung diseases through experimental models in humans. Natural drugs information and mode of mechanism have been studied through the literature retrieved by Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Scopus and Medline PubMed resources against lung diseases. RESULTS In vitro, in vivo and computational studies have been explained for natural metabolites derived from plants (like flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids) against different types of lung diseases. Probiotics have also been biologically active therapeutics against cancer, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiviral, and antioxidants associated with lung diseases. CONCLUSION The results of the mentioned natural metabolites repurposed for different lung diseases especially for SARS-CoV-2 should be evaluated more by advance computational applications, experimental models in the biological system, also need to be validated by clinical trials so that we may be able to retrieve potential drugs for most challenging lung diseases especially SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China; Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Milat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Md Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firoza Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Anwar Parvez
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abid Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Saila Kabir Maeesa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable and Herbal Crops, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 50A Doświadczalna Street, 20-280 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Hamdan S Al-Malky
- Regional Drug Information Center, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hussah I M AlGwaiz
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeshah A Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box: 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudia Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; West China School of Nursing / Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
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Emami MH, Sereshki N, Malakoutikhah Z, Dehkordi SAE, Fahim A, Mohammadzadeh S, Maghool F. Nrf2 signaling pathway in trace metal carcinogenesis: A cross-talk between oxidative stress and angiogenesis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109266. [PMID: 35031482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large number of people worldwide are affected by chronic metal exposure, which is known to be associated with different type of malignancies. The mechanisms of metal carcinogenicity are complex in nature, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by chronic metal exposure, among the other factors, has been proposed as one of the major mechanisms involved in that process. In tumor cells, ROS buildup may lead to cell death through intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways. Furthermore, ROS-mediated redox signaling has a crucial role in angiogenesis, which is recognized as an essential step in tumor progression. There are several redox-modulating pathways and among them, the nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor2 (Nrf2), as a sensor of oxidative or electrophilic stress, has introduced as a master regulator of cellular response against environmental stresses. Activation of Nrf2 signaling induces expression of wide variety of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes genes. Thus, this transcription factor has recently received much attention as a target for cancer chemoprevention. But meanwhile, constitutive Nrf2 activation in cancerous cells may promote cancer progression and resistance to chemotherapy. The current review describes the major underlying mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis of trace metals: copper, silver, and cadmium, with a special focus on the Nrf2 signaling pathway as a crossroad between oxidative stress and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Emami
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sereshki
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Malakoutikhah
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Fahim
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Samane Mohammadzadeh
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Maghool
- Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Das R, Mehta DK, Dhanawat M. Medicinal Plants in Cancer Treatment: Contribution of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-kB) Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1938-1962. [PMID: 35260052 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220307170126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the principal inducible proteins that is a predominant transcription factor known to control the gene expression in mammals and plays a pivotal role in regulating cell signalling in the body under certain physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer cells, such as colon, breast, pancreatic, ovarian, melanoma, and lymphoma, the NF-κB pathway has been reported to be active. In cellular proliferation, promoting angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis of tumour cells and blocking apoptosis, the constitutive activity of NF-κB signalling has been reported. Therefore, immense attention has been given to developing drugs targeting NF-κB signalling pathways to treat many types of tumours. They are a desirable therapeutic target for drugs, and many studies concentrated on recognizing compounds. They may be able to reverse or standstill the growth and spread of tumours that selectively interfere with this pathway. Recently, numerous substances derived from plants have been evaluated as possible inhibitors of the NF-κB pathway. These include various compounds, such as flavonoids, lignans, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, polyphenols, etc. A study supported by folk medicine demonstrated that plant-derived compounds could suppress NF-κB signalling. Taking this into account, the present review revealed the anticancer potential of naturally occurring compounds which have been verified both by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling and suppressing growth and spread of cancer and highlighting their mechanism of NF-κB inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Das
- M.M.College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- M.M.College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
| | - Meenakshi Dhanawat
- M.M.College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be) University, Mullana, Ambala, HR, India
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Psiadin and plectranthone selectively inhibit colorectal carcinoma cells proliferation via modulating cyclins signaling and apoptotic pathways. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252820. [PMID: 34086816 PMCID: PMC8177666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three scarce terpenes, psiadin, plectranthone and saudinolide, were obtained after chromatographic isolation and purification from the aerial parts of the respective plants. Their identities were established based on their spectral data. Their anticancer effects against two human colorectal carcinoma cell lines, CCL233 and CCL235, along with the potential molecular mechanisms of action, were explored. Psiadin and plectranthone exhibited marked growth inhibition on both cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner with minimal cytotoxicity against normal breast cells (HB2). The terpenes even showed superior activities to the tested standards. Flow cytometry showed apoptosis induction and alteration in the cell cycle in colorectal cancer cells treated with both compounds. Nevertheless, it was also found that both compounds inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity, induced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and increased the percentage of reactive oxygen species in the treated cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner as well. Since the anticancer effect of psiadin on cancer cells was higher than that produced by plectranthone, only psiadin was tested to determine its possible targets. The results suggested a high degree of specificity of action affecting particular cellular processes in both cancer cells. In conclusion, both terpenes, in particular psiadin, showed significant discriminative therapeutic potential between cancer and normal cells, a value that is missing in current chemotherapies.
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Arslan I. Quillaic Acid–Containing Saponin-Based Immunoadjuvants Trigger Early Immune Responses. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43450-020-00080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Garrido CM, Henkels KM, Rehl KM, Liang H, Zhou Y, Gutterman JU, Cho KJ. Avicin G is a potent sphingomyelinase inhibitor and blocks oncogenic K- and H-Ras signaling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9120. [PMID: 32499517 PMCID: PMC7272413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
K-Ras must interact primarily with the plasma membrane (PM) for its biological activity. Therefore, disrupting K-Ras PM interaction is a tractable approach to block oncogenic K-Ras activity. Here, we found that avicin G, a family of natural plant-derived triterpenoid saponins from Acacia victoriae, mislocalizes K-Ras from the PM and disrupts PM spatial organization of oncogenic K-Ras and H-Ras by depleting phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and cholesterol contents, respectively, at the inner PM leaflet. Avicin G also inhibits oncogenic K- and H-Ras signal output and the growth of K-Ras-addicted pancreatic and non-small cell lung cancer cells. We further identified that avicin G perturbs lysosomal activity, and disrupts cellular localization and activity of neutral and acid sphingomyelinases (SMases), resulting in elevated cellular sphingomyelin (SM) levels and altered SM distribution. Moreover, we show that neutral SMase inhibitors disrupt the PM localization of K-Ras and PtdSer and oncogenic K-Ras signaling. In sum, this study identifies avicin G as a new potent anti-Ras inhibitor, and suggests that neutral SMase can be a tractable target for developing anti-K-Ras therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Boonshoft Medical School, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, United States
| | - Karen M Henkels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Boonshoft Medical School, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, United States
| | - Kristen M Rehl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Boonshoft Medical School, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, United States
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Jordan U Gutterman
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Kwang-Jin Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Boonshoft Medical School, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, United States.
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Oboh G, Ogunsuyi OB, Ojelade MT, Akomolafe SF. Effect of dietary inclusions of bitter kola seed on geotactic behavior and oxidative stress markers in Drosophila melanogaster. Food Sci Nutr 2018; 6:2177-2187. [PMID: 30510719 PMCID: PMC6261174 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusions of Garcinia kola (GK) seed on geotactic behavior and some oxidative stress markers in wildߚtype fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster). Flies were raised on diet supplement with GK seed for 5 days. The negative geotactic behavior of flies which was used to evaluate their locomotor performance was thereafter evaluated. The flies were subsequently homogenized and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase and glutathioneߚSߚtransferase (GST) activities, as well as nitric oxide (NO) and total thiol contents were assayed. The phytochemical constituents of GK seed were also determined. It was observed that higher dietary inclusions of GK seed reduced the survival rate of D. melanogaster more significantly compared to control flies. Also, higher dietary inclusions of GK seed significantly reduced locomotor performance and AChE activity, while the ROS level was increased compared to the control. Activities of GST and catalase were significantly increased in flies fed diet supplemented with higher GK seed inclusions but their NO content was significantly reduced compared to control. Phytochemical analysis of GK seed revealed abundance of saponin > glycosides > alkaloids > phenols > flavonoids. These results have shown that dietary inclusion of GK seed at higher concentrations reduced survival rate of D. melanogaster and impaired cholinergic system, with elevated activities of some antioxidant enzymes under acute exposure. These observations could be associated with bioactivities of predominant phytochemicals in GK seed such as saponin and glycosides which have been reportedly toxic at high concentration. Therefore, this study suggests that high consumption of GK seed could induce some toxicological effects and moderate consumption is hence recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of BiochemistryFederal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria
| | - Opeyemi B. Ogunsuyi
- Department of BiochemistryFederal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria
- Department of Biomedical TechnologyFederal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria
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11
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Saponin-adjuvanted vaccine protects chickens against velogenic Newcastle disease virus. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2423-2432. [PMID: 29968048 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite extensive vaccination campaigns, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) remains endemic in many countries worldwide, and factors that contribute to this failure include mismatched vaccines, partial immunization, and poor husbandry practices. In order to overcome the problem of genetic divergence between circulating field strains and vaccine strains, we saponin-adjuvanted an Egyptian field strain and assessed its safety and immunogenicity in chickens. Immunization of chickens with the vaccine followed by challenge with a velogenic reference strain revealed the potential of the saponin-adjuvanted vaccine to induce a strong immune response that resulted in complete protection of chickens. Importantly, in vaccinated chickens, virus shedding was abolished, providing an added advantage over the currently available commercial live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines, which are unable to prevent shedding. A histopathological investigation demonstrated that the vaccinated chickens had less-severe lesions than challenged unvaccinated and mock-vaccinated chickens. We propose using this formulation as an alternative and improved NDV vaccine platform that can be exploited to control disease not only in Egypt but also in other disease-endemic countries.
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Patel MJ, Tripathy S, Mukhopadhyay KD, Wangjam T, Cabang AB, Morris J, Wargovich MJ. A supercritical CO2
extract of neem leaf (A. indica
) and its bioactive liminoid, nimbolide, suppresses colon cancer in preclinical models by modulating pro-inflammatory pathways. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1156-1165. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandakini J. Patel
- Department of Molecular Medicine; UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio Texas
| | | | | | - Tamna Wangjam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology; UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio Texas
| | - April B. Cabang
- Department of Molecular Medicine; UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio Texas
| | - Jay Morris
- Department of Molecular Medicine; UT Health San Antonio; San Antonio Texas
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Furofuran lignans from the Simpson Desert species Eremophila macdonnellii. Fitoterapia 2018; 126:93-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Basu A, Das AS, Sharma M, Pathak MP, Chattopadhyay P, Biswas K, Mukhopadhyay R. STAT3 and NF-κB are common targets for kaempferol-mediated attenuation of COX-2 expression in IL-6-induced macrophages and carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:54-61. [PMID: 28955792 PMCID: PMC5613220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the inducible isoform of cycloxygenase enzyme family that catalyzes synthesis of inflammatory mediators, prostanoids and prostaglandins, and therefore, can be targeted by anti-inflammatory drugs. Here, we showed a plant polyphenol, kaempferol, attenuated IL-6-induced COX-2 expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells suggesting its beneficial role in chronic inflammation. Kaempferol deactivated and prevented nuclear localization of two major transcription factors STAT3 and NF-κB, mutually responsible for COX-2 induction in response to IL-6. Moreover, STAT3 and NF-κB were simultaneously deactivated by kaempferol in acute inflammation, as shown by carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model. The concomitant reduction in COX-2 expression in paw tissues suggested kaempferol’s role in mitigation of inflammation by targeting STAT3 and NF-κB. IL-6-induced COX-2 expression was attenuated by kaempferol in macrophages. The attenuation is attributed to simultaneous deactivation of STAT3 and NF-κB. The nuclear translocation of both transcription factors are prevented by kaempferol treatment. Kaempferol targets STAT3 and NF-κB and inhibits COX-2 expression to reduce carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandita Basu
- Cellular, Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Anindhya Sundar Das
- Cellular, Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Cellular, Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defense Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defense Research Laboratory, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India
| | - Kaushik Biswas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Rupak Mukhopadhyay
- Cellular, Molecular and Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
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Glycosylated Triterpenoids as Endosomal Escape Enhancers in Targeted Tumor Therapies. Biomedicines 2017; 5:biomedicines5020014. [PMID: 28536357 PMCID: PMC5489800 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-based targeted toxins play an increasingly important role in targeted tumor therapies. In spite of their high intrinsic toxicity, their efficacy in animal models is low. A major reason for this is the limited entry of the toxin into the cytosol of the target cell, which is required to mediate the fatal effect. Target receptor bound and internalized toxins are mostly either recycled back to the cell surface or lysosomally degraded. This might explain why no antibody-targeted protein toxin has been approved for tumor therapeutic applications by the authorities to date although more than 500 targeted toxins have been developed within the last decades. To overcome the problem of insufficient endosomal escape, a number of strategies that make use of diverse chemicals, cell-penetrating or fusogenic peptides, and light-induced techniques were designed to weaken the membrane integrity of endosomes. This review focuses on glycosylated triterpenoids as endosomal escape enhancers and throws light on their structure, the mechanism of action, and on their efficacy in cell culture and animal models. Obstacles, challenges, opportunities, and future prospects are discussed.
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16
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Tan YP, Savchenko AI, Broit N, Boyle GM, Parsons PG, Williams CM. The First Plant 5,6-Secosteroid from the Australian Arid Zone SpeciesFrankenia foliosa. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuen P. Tan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Andrei I. Savchenko
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Natasa Broit
- PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; 4029 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Glen M. Boyle
- PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; 4029 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Peter G. Parsons
- PO Royal Brisbane Hospital; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute; 4029 Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Craig M. Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences; University of Queensland; 4072 Brisbane Queensland Australia
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17
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Medicinal Plants of the Australian Aboriginal Dharawal People Exhibiting Anti-Inflammatory Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2935403. [PMID: 28115968 PMCID: PMC5223016 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2935403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to multiple ageing-related musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. More recently, chronic neuroinflammation has been attributed to Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease and autism-spectrum and obsessive-compulsive disorders. To date, pharmacotherapy of inflammatory conditions is based mainly on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which in contrast to cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs do not influence the production of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α or nitric oxide. However, their prolonged use can cause gastrointestinal toxicity and promote adverse events such as high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and thrombosis. Hence, there is a critical need to develop novel and safer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs possessing alternate mechanism of action. In this study, plants used by the Dharawal Aboriginal people in Australia for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, for example, asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, fever, oedema, eye inflammation, and inflammation of bladder and related inflammatory diseases, were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Ethanolic extracts from 17 Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) were assessed for their capacity to inhibit nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Eucalyptus benthamii showed the most potent nitric oxide inhibitory effect (IC50 5.57 ± 1.4 µg/mL), whilst E. bosistoana, E. botryoides, E. saligna, E. smithii, E. umbra, and E. viminalis exhibited nitric oxide inhibition values between 7.58 and 19.77 µg/mL.
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18
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Sowndhararajan K, Santhanam R, Hong S, Jhoo JW, Kim S. Suppressive effects of acetone extract from the stem bark of three Acacia species on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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19
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Sundahl N, Clarisse D, Bracke M, Offner F, Berghe WV, Beck IM. Selective glucocorticoid receptor-activating adjuvant therapy in cancer treatments. Oncoscience 2016; 3:188-202. [PMID: 27713909 PMCID: PMC5043069 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although adverse effects and glucocorticoid resistance cripple their chronic use, glucocorticoids form the mainstay therapy for acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, and play an important role in treatment protocols of both lymphoid malignancies and as adjuvant to stimulate therapy tolerability in various solid tumors. Glucocorticoid binding to their designate glucocorticoid receptor (GR), sets off a plethora of cell-specific events including therapeutically desirable effects, such as cell death, as well as undesirable effects, including chemotherapy resistance, systemic side effects and glucocorticoid resistance. In this context, selective GR agonists and modulators (SEGRAMs) with a more restricted GR activity profile have been developed, holding promise for further clinical development in anti-inflammatory and potentially in cancer therapies. Thus far, the research into the prospective benefits of selective GR modulators in cancer therapy limped behind. Our review discusses how selective GR agonists and modulators could improve the therapy regimens for lymphoid malignancies, prostate or breast cancer. We summarize our current knowledge and look forward to where the field should move to in the future. Altogether, our review clarifies novel therapeutic perspectives in cancer modulation via selective GR targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sundahl
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dorien Clarisse
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL), VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ilse M Beck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Cruz MP, Andrade CMF, Silva KO, de Souza EP, Yatsuda R, Marques LM, David JP, David JM, Napimoga MH, Clemente-Napimoga JT. Antinoceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Ethanolic Extract, Fractions and Flavones Isolated from Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir (Leguminosae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150839. [PMID: 26954375 PMCID: PMC4783012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret (Leguminosae family), popularly known as “jurema preta” in Brazil, is used by the population of Contendas of Sincorá (Bahia State, Brazil) for the treatment of coughs and wound healing. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the bark ethanol extract (EEMT) and solvent soluble fractions (hexane—H, DCM—D, EtOAc—E and BuOH—B) of the extract in vivo. Additionally, we synthesized 5,7-dihidroxy-4’-methoxyflavanone (isosakuranetin) and isolated the compound sakuranetin, and both compounds were also tested. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive assays performed were: writhing test; nociception induced by intraplantar formalin injection; leukocyte recruitment to the peritoneal cavity; evaluation of vascular permeability (Evans blue test); and evaluation of mechanical hypernociception (von Frey test). Production of TNF-α, IL-10, myeloperoxidase and the expression of ICAM-1 were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-test (n = 8), with P < 0.05. The EEMT showed antinociceptive activities in writhing test (100–200 mg/kg), in the second phase of the formalin test (50–200 mg/kg), and in mechanical hypernociception (100 mg/kg). EEMT showed an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity and in the plantar tissue detected by the reduction of myeloperoxidase activity (100 mg/kg), reduction of IL-10 levels and expression of ICAM-1 in the peritoneal exudate and the mesentery (100 mg/kg), respectively. The four soluble EEMT fractions showed good results in tests for antinociceptive (H, D, E, B) and anti-inflammation (H, D, E). Only sakuranetin showed reduction of the writhing and neutrophil migration (200 mg/kg). Thus, the EEMT and soluble fractions of M. tenuiflora bark demonstrated great antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, as also sakuranetin. More studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of this compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antinociceptive activity of the M. tenuiflora fractions and the bioactive isolated compound sakuranetin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariluze P. Cruz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Cassya M. F. Andrade
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Kelle O. Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Erika P. de Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. Marques
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Juceni P. David
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge M. David
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcelo H. Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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21
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Boachon B, Junker RR, Miesch L, Bassard JE, Höfer R, Caillieaudeaux R, Seidel DE, Lesot A, Heinrich C, Ginglinger JF, Allouche L, Vincent B, Wahyuni DSC, Paetz C, Beran F, Miesch M, Schneider B, Leiss K, Werck-Reichhart D. CYP76C1 (Cytochrome P450)-Mediated Linalool Metabolism and the Formation of Volatile and Soluble Linalool Oxides in Arabidopsis Flowers: A Strategy for Defense against Floral Antagonists. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:2972-90. [PMID: 26475865 PMCID: PMC4682319 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The acyclic monoterpene alcohol linalool is one of the most frequently encountered volatile compounds in floral scents. Various linalool oxides are usually emitted along with linalool, some of which are cyclic, such as the furanoid lilac compounds. Recent work has revealed the coexistence of two flower-expressed linalool synthases that produce the (S)- or (R)-linalool enantiomers and the involvement of two P450 enzymes in the linalool oxidation in the flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana. Partially redundant enzymes may also contribute to floral linalool metabolism. Here, we provide evidence that CYP76C1 is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes a cascade of oxidation reactions and is the major linalool metabolizing oxygenase in Arabidopsis flowers. Based on the activity of the recombinant enzyme and mutant analyses, we demonstrate its prominent role in the formation of most of the linalool oxides identified in vivo, both as volatiles and soluble conjugated compounds, including 8-hydroxy, 8-oxo, and 8-COOH-linalool, as well as lilac aldehydes and alcohols. Analysis of insect behavior on CYP76C1 mutants and in response to linalool and its oxygenated derivatives demonstrates that CYP76C1-dependent modulation of linalool emission and production of linalool oxides contribute to reduced floral attraction and favor protection against visitors and pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Boachon
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Robert R Junker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, 5020 Slazburg, Austria
| | - Laurence Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Etienne Bassard
- VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Center for Synthetic Biology "bioSYNergy," and Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Höfer
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Robin Caillieaudeaux
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dana E Seidel
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, 5020 Slazburg, Austria
| | - Agnès Lesot
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Clément Heinrich
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-François Ginglinger
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lionel Allouche
- Plateforme d'Analyses pour la Chimie, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Plateforme d'Analyses pour la Chimie, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dinar S C Wahyuni
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Leiden University, 2311E2 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Paetz
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Beran
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michel Miesch
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Synthétique, Institut de Chimie, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernd Schneider
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Leiss
- Institute of Biology, Plant Ecology, Leiden University, 2311E2 Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danièle Werck-Reichhart
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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22
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Karunaweera N, Raju R, Gyengesi E, Münch G. Plant polyphenols as inhibitors of NF-κB induced cytokine production-a potential anti-inflammatory treatment for Alzheimer's disease? Front Mol Neurosci 2015; 8:24. [PMID: 26136655 PMCID: PMC4468843 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2015.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niloo Karunaweera
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ritesh Raju
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney Penrith, NSW, Australia ; National Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Western Sydney Penrith, NSW, Australia ; Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney Penrith, NSW, Australia
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23
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Pino CJ, Scherer MA, Shastri VP. Investigation of the transdermal transport of charged local anesthetics in the presence of triterpene saponin glycosides. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 4:131-8. [PMID: 25786727 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous absorption and transdermal delivery of water-soluble drugs have proven to be challenging due to their low permeability through skin. Avicins which are triterpene saponin glycosides (TSGs) derived from the desert plant Acacia victoriae have not been investigated to date as chemical penetration enhancers due to their higher molecular weight (MW 2,000 Da). It was recently shown that avicins exhibit remarkable mobility across skin lipids in spite of their large size due to their unique chemical structure. In this study, the permeation of local anesthetics, lidocaine-HCl, prilocaine-HCl, and bupivacaine-HCL from aqueous vehicle, across full-thickness porcine skin was investigated in the presence of F094-a mixture of avicins. F094 was capable of enhancing the permeability of all three anesthetics from aqueous formulations at extremely low concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1 % w/v. The enhancement, which ranged from 2- to 5-fold, was surprisingly independent of molecular weight of the anesthetics and showed clear correlation with aqueous phase solubility of the anesthetics. Since F094 was found to have no impact on the octanol/water partition coefficients of the anesthetics, this suggests that TSGs like avicins most likely impact the aqueous pathways (pericellular/pores within lipids) and as such represent an alternative means of enhancing the transdermal transport of charged drugs from water-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Pino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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24
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Kalani K, Cheema HS, Tripathi H, Khan F, Daroker MP, Srivastava SK. QSAR-guided semi-synthesis and in vitro validation of antiplasmodial activity in ursolic acid derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a part of antimalarial drug discovery programme, a QSAR model was developed for the prediction of antiplasmodial activity in ursolic acid derivatives, followed by semi-synthesis of virtually active derivatives and their biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kalani
- Medicinal Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Harveer Singh Cheema
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Himanshu Tripathi
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - M. P. Daroker
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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25
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Neutralizing effects of Mimosa tenuiflora extracts against inflammation caused by Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:378235. [PMID: 25013776 PMCID: PMC4071788 DOI: 10.1155/2014/378235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Scorpion bite represents a significant and serious public health problem in certain regions of Brazil, as well as in other parts of the world. Inflammatory mediators are thought to be involved in the systemic and local immune response induced by Tityus serrulatus scorpion envenomation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts of Mimosa tenuiflora on model envenomation. In mice, the envenomation model is induced by Tityus serrulatus venom. Previous treatment of mice with fractions from M. tenuiflora was able to suppress the cell migration to the peritoneal cavity. The treatment of mice with M. tenuiflora extracts also decreased the levels of IL-6, IL-12, and IL-1β. We concluded that the administration of the extract and fractions resulted in a reduction in cell migration and showed a reduction in the level of proinflammatory cytokines. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory effect of aqueous extract from the Mimosa tenuiflora plant on T. serrulatus venom.
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26
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Bellik Y, Boukraâ L, Alzahrani HA, Bakhotmah BA, Abdellah F, Hammoudi SM, Iguer-Ouada M. Molecular mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of phytochemicals: an update. Molecules 2012; 18:322-53. [PMID: 23271469 PMCID: PMC6269762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The resort worldwide to edible medicinal plants for medical care has increased significantly during the last few years. Currently, there is a renewed interest in the search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agents to reduce the risk of many diseases. The activation of nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) has now been linked to a variety of inflammatory diseases, while data from numerous studies underline the importance of phytochemicals in inhibiting the pathway that activates this transcription factor. Moreover, the incidence of type I allergic disorders has been increasing worldwide, particularly, the hypersensitivity to food. Thus, a good number of plant products with anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activity have been documented, but very few of these compounds have reached clinical use and there is scant scientific evidence that could explain their mode of action. Therefore, this paper intends to review the most salient recent reports on the anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of phytochemicals and the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuva Bellik
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abderrahmane Mira University, Béjaia 06000, Algeria; E-Mail:
| | - Laïd Boukraâ
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
- Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (H.A.A.); (B.A.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +213-795-306-930
| | - Hasan A. Alzahrani
- Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (H.A.A.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balkees A. Bakhotmah
- Mohammad Hussein Al Amoudi Chair for Diabetic Foot Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-Mails: (H.A.A.); (B.A.B.)
- Department of Nutrition Food Sciences, Arts and Design College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatiha Abdellah
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Si M. Hammoudi
- Laboratory of Research on Local Animal Products, Ibn-Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria; E-Mails: (Y.B.); (F.A.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Mokrane Iguer-Ouada
- Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Abderrahmane Mira University, Béjaia 06000, Algeria; E-Mail:
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Munari CC, de Oliveira PF, de Souza Lima IM, de Paula Lima Martins S, de Carvalho da Costa J, Bastos JK, Tavares DC. Evaluation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Solanum lycocarpum fruits glicoalkaloid extract in V79 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3696-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Saponins are one of the most numerous and diverse groups of plant natural products. They serve a range of ecological roles including plant defence against disease and herbivores and possibly as allelopathic agents in competitive interactions between plants. Some saponins are also important pharmaceuticals, and the underexplored biodiversity of plant saponins is likely to prove to be a vital resource for future drug discovery. The biological activity of saponins is normally attributed to the amphipathic properties of these molecules, which consist of a hydrophobic triterpene or sterol backbone and a hydrophilic carbohydrate chain, although some saponins are known to have potent biological activities that are dependent on other aspects of their structure. This chapter will focus on the biological activity and the synthesis of some of the best-studied examples of plant saponins and on recent developments in the identification of the genes and enzymes responsible for saponin synthesis.
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Kalani K, Yadav DK, Khan F, Srivastava SK, Suri N. Pharmacophore, QSAR, and ADME based semisynthesis and in vitro evaluation of ursolic acid analogs for anticancer activity. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3389-413. [PMID: 22271093 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, QSAR models for predicting the activities of ursolic acid analogs against human lung (A-549) and CNS (SF-295) cancer cell lines were developed by a forward stepwise multiple linear regression method using a leave-one-out approach. The regression coefficient (r(2)) and the cross-validation regression coefficient (rCV(2)) of the QSAR model for cytotoxic activity against the human lung cancer cell line (A-549) were 0.85 and 0.80, respectively. The QSAR study indicated that the LUMO energy, ring count, and solvent-accessible surface area were strongly correlated with anticancer activity. Similarly, the QSAR model for cytotoxic activity against the human CNS cancer cell line (SF-295) also showed a high correlation (r(2) = 0.99 and rCV(2) = 0.96), and indicated that dipole vector and solvent-accessible surface area were strongly correlated with activity. Ursolic acid analogs that were predicted to be active against these cancer cell lines by the QSAR models were semisynthesized and characterized on the basis of their (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic data, and were then tested in vitro against the human lung (A-549) and CNS (SF-295) cancer cell lines. The experimental results obtained agreed well with the predicted values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kalani
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015 UP, India
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Wang L, Sun C, Wang ZH, Guo GQ. Mechanism of apoptotosis induced by ortho-topolin riboside in human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1962-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Shanmugam MK, Nguyen AH, Kumar AP, Tan BKH, Sethi G. Targeted inhibition of tumor proliferation, survival, and metastasis by pentacyclic triterpenoids: potential role in prevention and therapy of cancer. Cancer Lett 2012; 320:158-70. [PMID: 22406826 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, extensive research on plant-based medicinal compounds has revealed exciting and important pharmacological properties and activities of triterpenoids. Fruits, vegetables, cereals, pulses, herbs and medicinal plants are all considered to be biological sources of these triterpenoids, which have attracted great attention especially for their potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Published reports in the past have described the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the various biological activities of triterpenoids which range from inhibition of acute and chronic inflammation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis and metastasis. However systematic analysis of various pharmacological properties of these important classes of compounds has not been done. In this review, we describe in detail the pre-clinical chemopreventive and therapeutic properties of selected triterpenoids that inhibit multiple intracellular signaling molecules and transcription factors involved in the initiation, progression and promotion of various cancers. Molecular targets modulated by these triterpenoids comprise, cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen intermediates, oncogenes, inflammatory enzymes such as COX-2, 5-LOX and MMPs, anti-apoptotic proteins, transcription factors such as NF-κB, STAT3, AP-1, CREB, and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor) that regulate tumor cell proliferation, transformation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance and radioresistance. Finally, this review also analyzes the potential role of novel synthetic triterpenoids identified recently which mimic natural triterpenoids in physical and chemical properties and are moving rapidly from bench to bedside research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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The anticancer plant triterpenoid, avicin D, regulates glucocorticoid receptor signaling: implications for cellular metabolism. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28037. [PMID: 22132201 PMCID: PMC3221683 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Avicins, a family of apoptotic triterpene electrophiles, are known to regulate cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis, by targeting the mitochondria. Having evolved from “ancient hopanoids,” avicins bear a structural resemblance with glucocorticoids (GCs), which are the endogenous regulators of metabolism and energy balance. These structural and functional similarities prompted us to compare the mode of action of avicin D with dexamethasone (Dex), a prototypical GC. Using cold competition assay, we show that Avicin D competes with Dex for binding to the GC receptor (GR), leading to its nuclear translocation. In contrast to Dex, avicin-induced nuclear translocation of GR does not result in transcriptional activation of GC-dependent genes. Instead we observe a decrease in the expression of GC-dependent metabolic proteins such as PEPCK and FASN. However, like Dex, avicin D treatment does induce a transrepressive effect on the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. While avicin's ability to inhibit NF-κB and its downstream targets appear to be GR-dependent, its pro-apoptotic effects were independent of GR expression. Using various deletion mutants of GR, we demonstrate the requirement of both the DNA and ligand binding domains of GR in mediating avicin D's transrepressive effects. Modeling of avicin-GR interaction revealed that avicin molecule binds only to the antagonist confirmation of GR. These findings suggest that avicin D has properties of being a selective GR modulator that separates transactivation from transrepression. Since the gene-activating properties of GR are mainly linked to its metabolic effects, and the negative interference with the activity of transcription factors to its anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive effects, the identification of such a dissociated GR ligand could have great potential for therapeutic use.
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Helal R, Melzig MF. In vitro Effects of Selected Saponins on the Production and Release of Lysozyme Activity of Human Monocytic and Epithelial Cell Lines. Sci Pharm 2011; 79:337-49. [PMID: 21773070 PMCID: PMC3134849 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1012-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is one of the most important factors of innate immunity and a unique enzybiotic in that it exerts not only antibacterial activity, but also antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether in vitro exposure to saponins can affect the release and production of lysozyme activity in human monocytic cells THP-1, and in human epithelial cells HT-29. Lysozyme activity levels in cell culture fluids were measured using highly sensitive fluorescence-based lysozyme activity assay. Majority of the examined saponins were demonstrated to stimulate significantly the release of lysozyme activity of monocytes and epithelial cells after one hour treatment at non-toxic concentrations. On the contrary, cells treated with saponins for longer periods up to 72 hours showed tendency to decrease in the secretion and production of lysozyme activity. However, these inhibitory effects of saponins observed with long-term treatment periods were mostly associated with toxic effects of saponins to cells. The results suggested positive contribution of some saponins to lysozyme release of monocytes and epithelial cells upon short exposure. Furthermore, demonstrated ability of these saponins to enhance the release of lysozyme activity can present a new mechanism contribute to explaining important biological characteristics of saponins, including the antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory or immune-stimulating properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racha Helal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Wang H, Haridas V, Gutterman JU, Xu ZX. Natural triterpenoid avicins selectively induce tumor cell death. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 3:205-8. [PMID: 20714394 DOI: 10.4161/cib.3.3.11492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avicins, a family of plant-derived triterpenoids, have been shown to possess pro-apoptotic, anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory properties in mammalian cells. Through thiol binding, avicins can also mediate antioxidant defense. Accumulating evidence uncovered during the past several years suggests that avicins induce tumor cell death via multiple mechanisms. This review will focus on recent studies that provide insights into the cellular and molecular processes and pathways by which avicins induce tumor cell death, including the canonical intrinsic mitochondrial and the Fas-mediated apoptosis cascades as well as autophagy-associated non-apoptotic programmed cell death.
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Maurya A, Srivastava SK. Preparative-Scale Separation of Anticancer Triterpenes fromEucalyptus hybridby Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2010.545793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Balestrazzi A, Macovei A, Tava A, Avato P, Raimondi E, Carbonera D. Unraveling the response of plant cells to cytotoxic saponins: role of metallothionein and nitric oxide. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:516-9. [PMID: 21673512 PMCID: PMC3142379 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.4.14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of pharmacological properties are ascribed to natural saponins, in addition to their biological activities against herbivores, plant soil-borne pathogens and pests. As for animal cells, the cytotoxicity and the chemopreventive role of saponins are mediated by a complex network of signal transduction pathways which include reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). The involvement of other relevant components of the saponin-related signaling routes, such as the Tumor Necrosis Factor(TNF)-α, the interleukin(IL)-6 and the Nuclear Transcription Factor-kB (NF-κB), has been highlighted in animal cells. By contrast, information concerning the response of plant cells to saponins and the related signal transduction pathways is almost missing. To date, there are only a few common features which link plant and animal cells in their response to saponins, such as the early burst in ROS and NO production and the induction of metallothioneins (MTs), small cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins. This aspect is discussed in the present paper in view of the recent hypothesis that MTs and NO are part of a novel signal transduction pathway participating in the cell response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Balestrazzi
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia; Università di Pavia; Pavia
| | - Anca Macovei
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia; Università di Pavia; Pavia
| | - Aldo Tava
- C.R.A.-Centro di Ricerca per le Produzioni Foraggere e Lattiero Casearie (C.R.A.-F.L.C.); Lodi
| | - Pinarosa Avato
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico; Università di Bari Aldo Moro; Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia; Università di Pavia; Pavia
| | - Daniela Carbonera
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia; Università di Pavia; Pavia
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J. Forsman
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
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Balestrazzi A, Agoni V, Tava A, Avato P, Biazzi E, Raimondi E, Macovei A, Carbonera D. Cell death induction and nitric oxide biosynthesis in white poplar (Populus alba) suspension cultures exposed to alfalfa saponins. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 141:227-38. [PMID: 21128946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01436.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports on the biological activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) saponins on white poplar (Populus alba, cultivar 'Villafranca') cell suspension cultures. The extracts from alfalfa roots, aerial parts and seeds were characterized for their saponin content by means of thin layer chromatography (TLC) and electrospray ionisation coupled to mass spectrometry. The quantitative saponin composition from the different plant extracts was determined considering the aglycone moieties and determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. Only soyasapogenin I was detected in the seed extract while several other saponins were found in the root and leaf extracts. Actively proliferating white poplar cell cultures were challenged with the different saponin extracts. Only alfalfa root saponins, at 50 µg ml⁻¹, induced significant cell death rates (75.00 ± 4.90%). Different cell subpopulations with peculiar cell death morphologies were observed and the programmed cell death (PCD)/necrosis ratio was reduced at increasing saponin concentrations. Enhancement of nitric oxide (NO) production was observed in white poplar cells treated with root saponins (RSs) at 50 µg ml⁻¹ and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the culture medium was also demonstrated. Saponin-induced NO production was sensitive to sodium azide and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, two specific inhibitors of distinct pathways for NO biosynthesis in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Balestrazzi
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia, Italy
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Rejinold NS, Muthunarayanan M, Muthuchelian K, Chennazhi K, Nair SV, Jayakumar R. Saponin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sheng H, Sun H. Synthesis, biology and clinical significance of pentacyclic triterpenes: a multi-target approach to prevention and treatment of metabolic and vascular diseases. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:543-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Targeting inflammatory pathways by triterpenoids for prevention and treatment of cancer. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2428-66. [PMID: 22069560 PMCID: PMC3153165 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine and diet has served mankind through the ages for prevention and treatment of most chronic diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that chronic inflammation mediates most chronic diseases, including cancer. More than other transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and STAT3 have emerged as major regulators of inflammation, cellular transformation, and tumor cell survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Thus, agents that can inhibit NF-κB and STAT3 activation pathways have the potential to both prevent and treat cancer. In this review, we examine the potential of one group of compounds called triterpenes, derived from traditional medicine and diet for their ability to suppress inflammatory pathways linked to tumorigenesis. These triterpenes include avicins, betulinic acid, boswellic acid, celastrol, diosgenin, madecassic acid, maslinic acid, momordin, saikosaponins, platycodon, pristimerin, ursolic acid, and withanolide. This review thus supports the famous adage of Hippocrates, “Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food”.
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Gupta S, Kalani K, Saxena M, Srivastava SK, Agrawal SK, Suri N, Saxena AK. Cytotoxic Evaluation of Semisynthetic Ester and Amide Derivatives of Oleanolic Acid. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000501010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a number of chemicals have been isolated from Lantana Camara, only a few have been evaluated for their biological significance. As part of our drug discovery program for cytotoxic agents from Indian medicinal plants, roots of L. camara L. were chemically investigated, which resulted in the isolation and identification of a cytotoxic agent, oleanolic acid (1b) as a major constituent. Oleanolic acid was converted into six semisynthetic ester (2-7) and seven amide (8-14) derivatives. The ester derivatives (2-7) showed 3-6 times more selective activity than 1b against the human ovarian cancer cell line (IGR-OV-1), while amide derivatives 8-14 showed 16-53 times more selective activity against the human lung cancer cell line (HOP-62). Structure activity relationship within the ester (2-7) and amide (8-14) derivatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P. O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Komal Kalani
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P. O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Mohit Saxena
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P. O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
- Present address: National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
| | - Santosh K. Srivastava
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P. O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India
| | - Satyam K. Agrawal
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Nitasha Suri
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ajit K. Saxena
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
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Konczak I, Zabaras D, Dunstan M, Aguas P. Antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds in commercially grown native Australian herbs and spices. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Qin B, Eagles J, Mellon FA, Mylona P, Peña-Rodriguez L, Osbourn AE. High throughput screening of mutants of oat that are defective in triterpene synthesis. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2010; 71:1245-1252. [PMID: 20557911 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The triterpenes are a large and diverse group of plant natural products that have important functions in plant protection and food quality, and a range of pharmaceutical and other applications. Like sterols, they are synthesised from mevalonate via the isoprenoid pathway, the two pathways diverging after 2,3-oxidosqualene. During triterpene synthesis 2,3-oxidosqualene is cyclised to one of a number of potential products, the most common of these being the pentacyclic triterpene beta-amyrin. Plants often produce complex mixtures of conjugated triterpene glycosides which may be derived from a single triterpene skeleton. The delineation, functional analysis and exploitation of triterpene pathways in plants therefore represent a substantial challenge. Here we have carried out high throughput screening to identify mutants of diploid oat (Avena strigosa) that are blocked in the early steps of triterpene synthesis. We also show that mutants that are affected in the first committed step in synthesis of beta-amyrin-derived triterpenes, and so are unable to cyclise 2,3-oxidosqualene to beta-amyrin (sad1 mutants), accumulate elevated levels of primary sterols. The major differences were in Delta-7-campesterol and Delta-7-avenasterol, which both increased several fold relative to wild-type levels. This is presumably due to accumulation of squalene and 2,3-oxidosqualene and consequent feedback into the sterol pathway, and is consistent with previous reports in which specific oxidosqualene cyclase inhibitors and elicitors of triterpene biosynthesis were shown to have inverse effects on the flux through the sterol and triterpene pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Viji V, Shobha B, Kavitha SK, Ratheesh M, Kripa K, Helen A. Betulinic acid isolated from Bacopa monniera (L.) Wettst suppresses lipopolysaccharide stimulated interleukin-6 production through modulation of nuclear factor-kappaB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:843-9. [PMID: 20430119 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory function and mechanism(s) of action of an active component-betulinic acid isolated from Bacopa monniera. Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid markedly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced IL-6 production in blood mononuclear cells both in vivo and in vitro. Betulinic acid also prevented LPS induced nuclear translocation of p65 NF-kappaB in hPBMCs. LPS induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and IL-6 production was also abolished by p38 and ERK MAPK inhibitors PD98059 and SB203580. Addition of each of these inhibitors to cell cultures along with betulinic acid caused significant downregulation of IL-6 production and inhibition of p65 NF-kappaB nuclear translocation. The inhibitory effect of both betulinic acid and the inhibitors was higher than that of cells treated with inhibitors alone. These results suggest that betulinic acid inhibited IL-6 production by preventing p65 NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and there is a possibility that this prevention of p65 nuclear translocation may involve p38 and ERK MAPKs as cross talks occur between MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways. This study provides an insight into the probable mechanism(s) underlying the anti-inflammatory and therapeutic properties of betulinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Viji
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvanthapuram, Kerala 695 581, India
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VDAC, a multi-functional mitochondrial protein regulating cell life and death. Mol Aspects Med 2010; 31:227-85. [PMID: 20346371 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past decade has extended the prevailing view of the mitochondrion to include functions well beyond the generation of cellular energy. It is now recognized that mitochondria play a crucial role in cell signaling events, inter-organellar communication, aging, cell proliferation, diseases and cell death. Thus, mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of apoptosis (programmed cell death) and serve as the venue for cellular decisions leading to cell life or death. One of the mitochondrial proteins controlling cell life and death is the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), also known as mitochondrial porin. VDAC, located in the mitochondrial outer membrane, functions as gatekeeper for the entry and exit of mitochondrial metabolites, thereby controlling cross-talk between mitochondria and the rest of the cell. VDAC is also a key player in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Thus, in addition to regulating the metabolic and energetic functions of mitochondria, VDAC appears to be a convergence point for a variety of cell survival and cell death signals mediated by its association with various ligands and proteins. In this article, we review what is known about the VDAC channel in terms of its structure, relevance to ATP rationing, Ca(2+) homeostasis, protection against oxidative stress, regulation of apoptosis, involvement in several diseases and its role in the action of different drugs. In light of our recent findings and the recently solved NMR- and crystallography-based 3D structures of VDAC1, the focus of this review will be on the central role of VDAC in cell life and death, addressing VDAC function in the regulation of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis with an emphasis on structure-function relations. Understanding structure-function relationships of VDAC is critical for deciphering how this channel can perform such a variety of functions, all important for cell life and death. This review also provides insight into the potential of VDAC1 as a rational target for new therapeutics.
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Ríos JL. Effects of triterpenes on the immune system. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:1-14. [PMID: 20079412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Triterpenes, which comprise a broad chemical group of active principles, are implicated in the mechanisms of action and pharmacological effects of many medicinal plants used in folk medicine against diseases in which the immune system is implicated. They have been described as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumoral agents, as well as being immunomodulator compounds. Several of them are implicated in the resolution of immune diseases, although their effects have not always been clearly correlated. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to compile relevant data on the mechanisms of action of triterpenes isolated from active ethnomedicinal plants and their role in the resolution of diseases in which the immune system is implicated to examine the mechanism by which they are useful as ethnopharmacological medicines. METHODS The selection of papers was made using the most relevant databases for the biomedical sciences on the basis of their ethnopharmacological use. We principally chose those studies that examined the resolution of allergic responses in vivo and those that studied the effects of the more relevant mediators implicated in the immune response in vitro. RESULTS The number of compounds actually studied is limited compared with the high number of principles that have been isolated and identified. Many studies focus on specific pathologies such cancer or inflammation, but in many cases they are clearly correlated with the immune response. Lanostanes, cucurbitanes, and oleananes are probably the most interesting groups; however, other compounds are also of potential importance. CONCLUSIONS Studies of specific mechanisms against mediators or transcription factors could be the objective for future research on ethnomedicinal plants used to combat immune diseases since the results obtained with cucurbitacins or derivatives of oleanolic acid support the use of different medicinal plants, thereby opening up a new frontier for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Anti-inflammatory effect of Acacia visco extracts in animal models. Inflammopharmacology 2010; 18:253-60. [PMID: 20087667 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-009-0028-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous and organic extracts of Acacia visco Lor. Ap Griseb (Fabaceae) were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in experimental models in rat. Besides, the free-radical scavenging capacity of extracts from A. visco was determined. The extracts revealed anti-inflammatory effect against carrageenan-induced oedema, phospholipase A(2)-induced oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma and they did not show acute toxic effect. Among the class of compounds characterized from A. visco leaves, the triterpenoid 20(29)-lupen-3β-ol (lupeol), 12-ursen-3β-ol (α-amyrin) and 12-oleanen-3β-ol (β-amyrin) may be mainly responsible for the pharmacological activities.
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Xu ZX, Ding T, Haridas V, Connolly F, Gutterman JU. Avicin D, a plant triterpenoid, induces cell apoptosis by recruitment of Fas and downstream signaling molecules into lipid rafts. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8532. [PMID: 20046832 PMCID: PMC2797328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avicins, a family of triterpene electrophiles originally identified as potent inhibitors of tumor cell growth, have been shown to be pleiotropic compounds that also possess antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. We previously showed that Jurkat cells, which express a high level of Fas, are very sensitive to treatment with avicins. Thus, we hypothesized that avicins may induce cell apoptosis by activation of the Fas pathway. By using a series of cell lines deficient in cell death receptors, we demonstrated that upon avicin D treatment, Fas translocates to the cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains known as lipid rafts. In the lipid rafts, Fas interacts with Fas-associated death domain (FADD) and Caspase-8 to form death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and thus mediates cell apoptosis. Interfering with lipid raft organization by using a cholesterol-depleting compound, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, not only prevents the clustering of Fas and its DISC complex but also reduces the sensitivity of the cells to avicin D. Avicin D activates Fas pathways independent of the association between extracellular Fas ligands and Fas receptors. A deficiency in Fas and its downstream signaling molecules leads to the resistance of the cells to avicin D treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that avicin D triggers the redistribution of Fas in the membrane lipid rafts, where Fas activates receptor-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Abstract
Triterpenoids are structurally diverse organic compounds, characterized by a basic backbone modified in multiple ways, allowing the formation of more than 20 000 naturally occurring triterpenoid varieties. Several triterpenoids, including ursolic and oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, celastrol, pristimerin, lupeol, and avicins possess antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. To improve antitumor activity, some synthetic triterpenoid derivatives have been synthesized, including cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9 (11)-dien-28-oic (CDDO), its methyl ester (CDDO-Me), and imidazolide (CDDO-Im) derivatives. Of these, CDDO, CDDO-Me, and betulinic acid have shown promising antitumor activities and are presently under evaluation in phase I studies. Triterpenoids are highly multifunctional and the antitumor activity of these compounds is measured by their ability to block nuclear factor-kappaB activation, induce apoptosis, inhibit signal transducer, and activate transcription and angiogenesis.
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