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Jian Y, Liu Z, He P, Shan L. An emerging connected view: Phytocytokines in regulating stomatal, apoplastic, and vascular immunity. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 82:102623. [PMID: 39236593 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Foliar pathogens exploit natural openings, such as stomata and hydathodes, to invade plants, multiply in the apoplast, and potentially spread through the vasculature. To counteract these threats, plants dynamically regulate stomatal movement and apoplastic water potential, influencing hydathode guttation and water transport. This review highlights recent advances in understanding how phytocytokines, plant small peptides with immunomodulatory functions, regulate these processes to limit pathogen entry and proliferation. Additionally, we discuss the coordinated actions of stomatal movement, hydathode guttation, and the vascular system in restricting pathogen entry, multiplication, and dissemination. We also explore future perspectives and key questions arising from these findings, aiming to advance our knowledge of plant immunity and improve disease resistance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Jian
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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2
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Zhang X, Li P, Tang Y, Mu YP, Liu J, Wang MY, Wang W, Mao YB. The proteomic landscape of fall armyworm oral secretion reveals its role in plant adaptation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4175-4185. [PMID: 38587094 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) is a polyphagous agricultural pest with rapidly evolving adaptations to host plants. We found the oral secretion (OS) of FAW from different plants influences plant defense response differentially, suggesting its role in adapting to host plants. However, the protein expression profile of FAW OS respond to different plants is largely unknown. RESULTS Here, from the mass spectrometry assay, we identified a total of 256 proteins in the OS of FAW fed on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin), maize (Zea mays L.) and artificial diet. The FAW OS primarily comprise of 60 proteases, 32 esterases and 92 non-enzymatic proteins. It displays high plasticity across different diets. We found that more than half of the esterases are lipases which have been reported as insect elicitors to enhance plant defense response. The lipase accumulation in cotton-fed larvae was the highest, followed by maize-fed larvae. In the presence of lipase inhibitors, the enhanced induction on defense genes in wounded leaves by OS was attenuated. However, the putative effectors were most highly accumulated in the OS from FAW larvae fed on maize compared to those fed on other diets. We identified that one of them (VRLP4) reduces the OS-mediated induction on defense genes in wounded leaves. CONCLUSION Together, our investigation presents the proteomic landscape of the OS of FAW influenced by different diets and reveals diet-mediated plasticity of OS is involved in FAW adaptation to host plants. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Pei Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Yang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Bo Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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3
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Yang HZ, Zhang SW, Yang H, Ding B, Zhang C, He L, Yang MF. Safety evaluation and sublethal effect of broflanilide on Aphidius gifuensis. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:629-639. [PMID: 38904224 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Ensuring the safety of insecticides to natural enemy insects of pests is crucial for integrating chemical and biological control strategies. Broflanilide, a novel meta-diamide insecticide, exhibits high insecticidal activity against Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). To integrate chemical and biological control against M. persicae, we assessed the toxicity of broflanilide to Aphidius gifuensis, and evaluated its safety and sublethal effects. The LC10, LC25, and LC50 values of broflanilide against A. gifuensis were 0.733 mg/L, 1.613 mg/L, and 3.852 mg/L, respectively. The selectivity toxicity ratio of broflanilide to A. gifuensis was 1.516, indicating higher toxicity to M. persicae compared to A. gifuensis. The risk quotient of broflanilide to A. gifuensis adults was 6.18. The percent reduction in the emergence of the parasitoid pupae was -1.15, with a risk grade of 1. The sublethal concentration of broflanilide had no significant influence on the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), and mean fecundity (F) of A. gifuensis in the F1 generation. The mean generation time (T) increased by 0.51 days and 0.39 days in the LC10 and LC25 treatments, respectively; the difference between LC10 treatment and the control was significant, while the difference between LC25 treatment and the control was not significant. The results showed that the sublethal concentration of broflanilide did not have a significant inhibitory effect on the population growth of A. gifuensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Zhi Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sen-Wen Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li He
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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4
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Pavithran S, Murugan M, Mannu J, Sathyaseelan C, Balasubramani V, Harish S, Natesan S. Salivary gland transcriptomics of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and comparative analysis with other sap-sucking insects. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 116:e22123. [PMID: 38860775 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Aphids are sap-sucking insects responsible for crop losses and a severe threat to crop production. Proteins in the aphid saliva are integral in establishing an interaction between aphids and plants and are responsible for host plant adaptation. The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major pest of Gossypium hirsutum. Despite extensive studies of the salivary proteins of various aphid species, the components of A. gossypii salivary glands are unknown. In this study, we identified 123,008 transcripts from the salivary gland of A. gossypii. Among those, 2933 proteins have signal peptides with no transmembrane domain known to be secreted from the cell upon feeding. The transcriptome includes proteins with more comprehensive functions such as digestion, detoxification, regulating host defenses, regulation of salivary glands, and a large set of uncharacterized proteins. Comparative analysis of salivary proteins of different aphids and other insects with A. gossypii revealed that 183 and 88 orthologous clusters were common in the Aphididae and non-Aphididae groups, respectively. The structure prediction for highly expressed salivary proteins indicated that most possess an intrinsically disordered region. These results provide valuable reference data for exploring novel functions of salivary proteins in A. gossypii with their host interactions. The identified proteins may help develop a sustainable way to manage aphid pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugasundram Pavithran
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Marimuthu Murugan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jayakanthan Mannu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Chakkarai Sathyaseelan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Venkatasamy Balasubramani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sankarasubramanian Harish
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Senthil Natesan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
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5
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Paul S, Jackson D, Kitagawa M. Tracking the messengers: Emerging advances in mRNA-based plant communication. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 79:102541. [PMID: 38663258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are the templates for protein translation but can also act as non-cell-autonomous signaling molecules. Plants input endogenous and exogenous cues to mobile mRNAs and output them to local or systemic target cells and organs to support specific plant responses. Mobile mRNAs form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes with proteins during transport. Components of these RNP complexes could interact with plasmodesmata (PDs), a major mediator of mRNA transport, to ensure mRNA mobility and transport selectivity. Based on advances in the last two to three years, this review summarizes mRNA transport mechanisms in local and systemic signaling from the perspective of RNP complex formation and PD transport. We also discuss the physiological roles of endogenous mRNA transport and the recently revealed roles of non-cell-autonomous mRNAs in inter-organism communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Paul
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - David Jackson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Munenori Kitagawa
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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6
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Zhang ZL, Wang XJ, Lu JB, Lu HB, Ye ZX, Xu ZT, Zhang C, Chen JP, Li JM, Zhang CX, Huang HJ. Cross-kingdom RNA interference mediated by insect salivary microRNAs may suppress plant immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318783121. [PMID: 38588412 PMCID: PMC11032475 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318783121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Communication between insects and plants relies on the exchange of bioactive molecules that traverse the species interface. Although proteinic effectors have been extensively studied, our knowledge of other molecules involved in this process remains limited. In this study, we investigate the role of salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) from the rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in suppressing plant immunity. A total of three miRNAs were confirmed to be secreted into host plants during insect feeding. Notably, the sequence-conserved miR-7-5P is specifically expressed in the salivary glands of N. lugens and is secreted into saliva, distinguishing it significantly from homologues found in other insects. Silencing miR-7-5P negatively affects N. lugens feeding on rice plants, but not on artificial diets. The impaired feeding performance of miR-7-5P-silenced insects can be rescued by transgenic plants overexpressing miR-7-5P. Through target prediction and experimental testing, we demonstrate that miR-7-5P targets multiple plant genes, including the immune-associated bZIP transcription factor 43 (OsbZIP43). Infestation of rice plants by miR-7-5P-silenced insects leads to the increased expression of OsbZIP43, while the presence of miR-7-5P counteracts this upregulation effect. Furthermore, overexpressing OsbZIP43 confers plant resistance against insects which can be subverted by miR-7-5P. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which herbivorous insects have evolved salivary miRNAs to suppress plant immunity, expanding our understanding of cross-kingdom RNA interference between interacting organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Hai-Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Zhuang-Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450002, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
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7
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Li C, Nong W, Boncan DAT, So WL, Yip HY, Swale T, Jia Q, Vicentin IG, Chung G, Bendena WG, Ngo JCK, Chan TF, Lam HM, Hui JHL. Elucidating the ecophysiology of soybean pod-sucking stinkbug Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) based on de novo genome assembly and transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:327. [PMID: 38565997 PMCID: PMC10985886 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Food security is important for the ever-growing global population. Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is cultivated worldwide providing a key source of food, protein and oil. Hence, it is imperative to maintain or to increase its yield under different conditions including challenges caused by abiotic and biotic stresses. In recent years, the soybean pod-sucking stinkbug Riptortus pedestris has emerged as an important agricultural insect pest in East, South and Southeast Asia. Here, we present a genomics resource for R. pedestris including its genome assembly, messenger RNA (mRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) transcriptomes at different developmental stages and from different organs. As insect hormone biosynthesis genes (genes involved in metamorphosis) and their regulators such as miRNAs are potential targets for pest control, we analyzed the sesquiterpenoid (juvenile) and ecdysteroid (molting) hormone biosynthesis pathway genes including their miRNAs and relevant neuropeptides. Temporal gene expression changes of these insect hormone biosynthesis pathways were observed at different developmental stages. Similarly, a diet-specific response in gene expression was also observed in both head and salivary glands. Furthermore, we observed that microRNAs (bantam, miR-14, miR-316, and miR-263) of R. pedestris fed with different types of soybeans were differentially expressed in the salivary glands indicating a diet-specific response. Interestingly, the opposite arms of miR-281 (-5p and -3p), a miRNA involved in regulating development, were predicted to target Hmgs genes of R. pedestris and soybean, respectively. These observations among others highlight stinkbug's responses as a function of its interaction with soybean. In brief, the results of this study not only present salient findings that could be of potential use in pest management and mitigation but also provide an invaluable resource for R. pedestris as an insect model to facilitate studies on plant-pest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chade Li
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | - Wenyan Nong
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | - Delbert Almerick T Boncan
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
| | - Wai Lok So
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Yip
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China
| | | | - Qi Jia
- Key Laboratory for Genetics Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education/College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Ignacio G Vicentin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, Avenida Rivadavia, Ciudad de Buenos, 1439, Argentina
| | - Gyuhwa Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, 59626, Korea
| | - William G Bendena
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, 116 Barrie St, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jacky C K Ngo
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Institute of Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Institute of Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
| | - Jerome H L Hui
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shat-in, HKSAR, China.
- Institute of Environment, Institute of Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HKSAR, China.
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van Kleeff PJM, Mastop M, Sun P, Dangol S, van Doore E, Dekker HL, Kramer G, Lee S, Ryu CM, de Vos M, Schuurink RC. Discovery of Three Bemisia tabaci Effectors and Their Effect on Gene Expression in Planta. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:380-395. [PMID: 38114195 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-23-0044-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) is a polyphagous agroeconomic pest species complex. Two members of this species complex, Mediterranean (MED) and Middle-East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1), have a worldwide distribution and have been shown to manipulate plant defenses through effectors. In this study, we used three different strategies to identify three MEAM1 proteins that can act as effectors. Effector B1 was identified using a bioinformatics-driven effector-mining strategy, whereas effectors S1 and P1 were identified in the saliva of whiteflies collected from artificial diet and in phloem exudate of tomato on which nymphs were feeding, respectively. These three effectors were B. tabaci specific and able to increase whitefly fecundity when transiently expressed in tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum). Moreover, they reduced growth of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci in Nicotiana benthamiana. All three effectors changed gene expression in planta, and B1 and S1 also changed phytohormone levels. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis pinpointed plant-pathogen interaction and photosynthesis as the main enriched pathways for all three effectors. Our data thus show the discovery and validation of three new B. tabaci MEAM1 effectors that increase whitefly fecundity and modulate plant immunity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J M van Kleeff
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Mastop
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Pulu Sun
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Sarmina Dangol
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Eva van Doore
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Henk L Dekker
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Kramer
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | | | - Robert C Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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9
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Morin S, Atkinson PW, Walling LL. Whitefly-Plant Interactions: An Integrated Molecular Perspective. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:503-525. [PMID: 37816261 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-093940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advances in available transcriptomic and genomic data and our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of whitefly-plant interactions have allowed us to gain new and significant insights into the biology of whiteflies and their successful adaptation to host plants. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms that whiteflies have evolved to overcome the challenges of feeding on phloem sap. We also highlight the evolution and functions of gene families involved in host perception, evaluation, and manipulation; primary metabolism; and metabolite detoxification. We discuss the emerging themes in plant immunity to whiteflies, focusing on whitefly effectors and their sites of action in plant defense-signaling pathways. We conclude with a discussion of advances in the genetic manipulation of whiteflies and the potential that they hold for exploring the interactions between whiteflies and their host plants, as well as the development of novel strategies for the genetic control of whiteflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai Morin
- Department of Entomology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel;
| | - Peter W Atkinson
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA;
| | - Linda L Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA;
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10
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Gao H, Lin X, Yuan X, Zou J, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Liu Z. The salivary chaperone protein NlDNAJB9 of Nilaparvata lugens activates plant immune responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6874-6888. [PMID: 37103882 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a main pest on rice. It secretes saliva to regulate plant defense responses, when penetrating rice plant and sucking phloem sap through its stylet. However, the molecular mechanisms of BPH salivary proteins regulating plant defense responses remain poorly understood. A N. lugens DNAJ protein (NlDNAJB9) gene was highly expressed in salivary glands, and the knock down of NlDNAJB9 significantly enhanced honeydew excretion and fecundity of the BPH. NlDNAJB9 could induce plant cell death, and the overexpression of NlDNAJB9 gene in Nicotiana benthamiana induced calcium signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, jasmonic acid (JA) hormone signaling and callose deposition. The results from different NlDNAJB9 deletion mutants indicated that the nuclear localization of NlDNAJB9 was not necessary to induce cell death. The DNAJ domain was the key region to induce cell death, and the overexpression of DNAJ domain in N. benthamiana significantly inhibited insect feeding and pathogenic infection. NlDNAJB9 might interact indirectly with NlHSC70-3 to regulate plant defense responses. NlDNAJB9 and its orthologs were highly conserved in three planthopper species, and could induce ROS burst and cell death in plants. Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of insect-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoli Gao
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xumin Lin
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaowei Yuan
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianzheng Zou
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
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11
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Yan ZW, Chen FY, Zhang X, Cai WJ, Chen CY, Liu J, Wu MN, Liu NJ, Ma B, Wang MY, Chao DY, Gao CJ, Mao YB. Endocytosis-mediated entry of a caterpillar effector into plants is countered by Jasmonate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6551. [PMID: 37848424 PMCID: PMC10582130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects and pathogens release effectors into plant cells to weaken the host defense or immune response. While the imports of some bacterial and fungal effectors into plants have been previously characterized, the mechanisms of how caterpillar effectors enter plant cells remain a mystery. Using live cell imaging and real-time protein tracking, we show that HARP1, an effector from the oral secretions of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), enters plant cells via protein-mediated endocytosis. The entry of HARP1 into a plant cell depends on its interaction with vesicle trafficking components including CTL1, PATL2, and TET8. The plant defense hormone jasmonate (JA) restricts HARP1 import by inhibiting endocytosis and HARP1 loading into endosomes. Combined with the previous report that HARP1 inhibits JA signaling output in host plants, it unveils that the effector and JA establish a defense and counter-defense loop reflecting the robust arms race between plants and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Juan Cai
- Core Facility Center of CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Man-Ni Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Jing Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Yang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Ji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Bo Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.
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12
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Wang D, Yang Q, Hu X, Liu B, Wang Y. A Method for Identification of Biotype-Specific Salivary Effector Candidates of Aphid. INSECTS 2023; 14:760. [PMID: 37754728 PMCID: PMC10532216 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyphagous aphids often consist of host-specialized biotypes that perform poorly in non-native hosts. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Host-specialized biotypes may express biotype-specific salivary effectors or elicitors that determine aphid hosts. Here, we tried three strategies to identify possible effectors in Malvaceae- (MA) and Cucurbitaceae-specialized (CU) biotypes of the cotton-melon aphid Aphis gossypii Glover. The whole-aphid RNA-seq identified 765 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 139 of them were possible effectors; aphid-head RNA-seq identified 523 DEGs were identified, and 98 of them were possible effectors. The homologous genes of published aphid effectors were not differentially expressed between CU and MA. Next, quantitative proteomic analyses of saliva identified 177 possible proteins, and 44 of them were different proteins. However, none of the genes of the 44 proteins were differentially expressed, reflecting the discrepancy between transcriptome and proteome data. Finally, we searched for DEGs of the 177 salivary proteins in the aphid-head transcriptomes, and the salivary proteins with expression differences were regarded as effector candidates. Through this strategy, 11 effector candidates were identified, and their expression differences were all confirmed by RT-qPCR. The combinatorial analysis has great potential to identify biotype-specific effector candidates in aphids and other sap-sucking insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoqi Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Qinglan Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoyue Hu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Biao Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, Nanjing 210042, China;
| | - Yongmo Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.W.); (Q.Y.); (X.H.)
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13
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Xoconostle-Morán BB, Xoconostle-Cázares B, Vargas-Hernández BY, Núñez-Muñoz LA, Calderón-Pérez B, Ruiz-Medrano R. Long-Distance Movement of Solanum tuberosum Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein ( StTCTP) mRNA. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2839. [PMID: 37570993 PMCID: PMC10420919 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance signaling molecules in plants, including different RNA species, play a crucial role in the development and environmental responses. Among these mobile signals, the Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) mRNA is one of the most abundant. TCTP regulates cell-cycle progression and programmed cell death and is involved in responses to abiotic and biotic stress as well as plant regeneration, among other functions. Considering that the ability to induce plant regeneration is linked to a possible role of TCTP in vegetative propagation and asexual reproduction, we analyzed TCTP overexpression in a solanaceous plant model that can reproduce asexually by regeneration from stolons and tubers. Therefore, in this study, the effect of transient expression of Solanum tuberosum TCTP (StTCTP) on tuber development and vegetative propagation was described. StTCTP mRNA was shown to be transported long-distance. Additionally, transient overexpression of StTCTP resulted in sprouts with a greater diameter compared to control plants. Furthermore, the early stages of tuberization were induced compared to control plants, in which only mature tubers were observed. These results suggest a role of TCTP in vegetative propagation and asexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Roberto Ruiz-Medrano
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (B.B.X.-M.); (B.X.-C.); (B.Y.V.-H.); (L.A.N.-M.); (B.C.-P.)
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14
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Gao J, Tao T, Arthurs SP, Hussain M, Ye F, Mao R. Saliva-Mediated Contrasting Effects of Two Citrus Aphid Species on Asian Citrus Psyllid Feeding Behavior and Plant Jasmonic Acid Pathway. INSECTS 2023; 14:672. [PMID: 37623382 PMCID: PMC10455628 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
While herbivorous insect saliva plays a crucial role in the interaction between plants and insects, its role in the inter-specific interactions between herbivorous insects has received little attention. Pre-infestation of citrus plants with Aphis spiraecola Patch and Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus (Kirkaldy) exhibited positive and negative effects on the performance (feeding and reproduction) of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. We explored the role of saliva in this plant-mediated interaction by infiltrating fresh and boiled aphid saliva into plants and detecting D. citri feeding behavior and citrus plant defense response. Leaf infiltration of A. spiraecola saliva disrupted the subsequent feeding of D. citri, indicated by prolonged extracellular stylet pathway duration and decreased phloem sap ingestion duration. By contrast, infiltration of A. citricidus saliva decreased the duration of the extracellular stylet pathway and phloem sap ingestion of D. citri. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that several salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-pathway-related genes were activated by A. spiraecola saliva infiltration. However, two SA-pathway-related genes were activated and three JA-pathway-related genes were suppressed following A. citricidus saliva infiltration. Treatment with boiled saliva did not similarly impact D. citri feeding behavior or plant defense response. This study suggests that salivary components (those that can be inactivated by heating) from two citrus aphid species differently affect plant defenses and that they were responsible for the contrasting plant-mediated effects of two citrus aphids on the feeding behavior of D. citri. This study indicates a novel three-way citrus aphid-plant-citrus psyllid interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (J.G.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Tonglai Tao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (J.G.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (F.Y.)
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | | | - Mubasher Hussain
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (J.G.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fengxian Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (J.G.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Runqian Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Mineral Oil Pesticides, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China; (J.G.); (T.T.); (M.H.); (F.Y.)
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15
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Li C, Lai X, Yu X, Xiong Z, Chen J, Lang X, Feng H, Wan X, Liu K. Plant long noncoding RNAs: Recent progress in understanding their roles in growth, development, and stress responses. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:270-277. [PMID: 37311264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts are longer than 200 nt and are not translated into proteins. LncRNAs function in a wide variety of processes in plants and animals, but, perhaps because of their lower expression and conservation levels, plant lncRNAs had attracted less attention than protein-coding mRNAs. Now, recent studies have made remarkable progress in identifying lncRNAs and understanding their functions. In this review, we discuss a number of lncRNAs that have important functions in growth, development, reproduction, responses to abiotic stresses, and regulation of disease and insect resistance in plants. Additionally, we describe the known mechanisms of action of plant lncRNAs according to their origins within the genome. This review thus provides a guide for identifying and functionally characterizing new lncRNAs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xuanyue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Zhiwen Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xingxuan Lang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Haotian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xiaorong Wan
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China; College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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16
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Palos K, Yu L, Railey CE, Nelson Dittrich AC, Nelson ADL. Linking discoveries, mechanisms, and technologies to develop a clearer perspective on plant long noncoding RNAs. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1762-1786. [PMID: 36738093 PMCID: PMC10226578 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large and diverse class of genes in eukaryotic genomes that contribute to a variety of regulatory processes. Functionally characterized lncRNAs play critical roles in plants, ranging from regulating flowering to controlling lateral root formation. However, findings from the past decade have revealed that thousands of lncRNAs are present in plant transcriptomes, and characterization has lagged far behind identification. In this setting, distinguishing function from noise is challenging. However, the plant community has been at the forefront of discovery in lncRNA biology, providing many functional and mechanistic insights that have increased our understanding of this gene class. In this review, we examine the key discoveries and insights made in plant lncRNA biology over the past two and a half decades. We describe how discoveries made in the pregenomics era have informed efforts to identify and functionally characterize lncRNAs in the subsequent decades. We provide an overview of the functional archetypes into which characterized plant lncRNAs fit and speculate on new avenues of research that may uncover yet more archetypes. Finally, this review discusses the challenges facing the field and some exciting new molecular and computational approaches that may help inform lncRNA comparative and functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Palos
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Li’ang Yu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Caylyn E Railey
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Plant Biology Graduate Field, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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17
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Abstract
Robust plant immune systems are fine-tuned by both protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to RNAs with a length of more than 200 nt and usually do not have protein-coding function and do not belong to any other well-known non-coding RNA types. The non-protein-coding, low expression, and non-conservative characteristics of lncRNAs restrict their recognition. Although studies of lncRNAs in plants are in the early stage, emerging studies have shown that plants employ lncRNAs to regulate plant immunity. Moreover, in response to stresses, numerous lncRNAs are differentially expressed, which manifests the actions of low-expressed lncRNAs and makes plant-microbe/insect interactions a convenient system to study the functions of lncRNAs. Here, we summarize the current advances in plant lncRNAs, discuss their regulatory effects in different stages of plant immunity, and highlight their roles in diverse plant-microbe/insect interactions. These insights will not only strengthen our understanding of the roles and actions of lncRNAs in plant-microbe/insect interactions but also provide novel insight into plant immune responses and a basis for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- HainanYazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Gao H, Zhang H, Yuan X, Lin X, Zou J, Yu N, Liu Z. Knockdown of the salivary protein gene NlG14 caused displacement of the lateral oviduct secreted components and inhibited ovulation in Nilaparvata lugens. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010704. [PMID: 37011098 PMCID: PMC10101634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva plays important roles in insect feeding, but its roles in insect reproduction were rarely reported. Here we reported that the knockdown of a salivary gland-specific gene NlG14 disrupted the reproduction through inhibiting the ovulation of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), one of the most devastating rice pests in Asia. NlG14 knockdown caused the displacement of the lateral oviduct secreted components (LOSC), leading to the ovulation disorder and the accumulation of mature eggs in the ovary. The RNAi-treated females laid much less eggs than their control counterparts, though they had the similar oviposition behavior on rice stems as controls. NlG14 protein was not secreted into the hemolymph, indicating an indirect effect of NlG14 knockdown on BPH reproduction. NlG14 knockdown caused the malformation of A-follicle of the principal gland and affected the underlying endocrine mechanism of salivary glands. NlG14 reduction might promote the secretion of insulin-like peptides NlILP1 and NlILP3 from the brain, which up-regulated the expression of Nllaminin gene and then caused the abnormal contraction of lateral oviduct muscle. Another explanation was NlG14 reduction disrupted the ecdysone biosynthesis and action through the insulin-PI3K-Akt signaling in ovary. Altogether, this study indicated that the salivary gland specific protein NlG14 indirectly mediated BPH ovulation process, which established a connexon in function between insect salivary gland and ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoli Gao
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Yuan
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Xumin Lin
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzheng Zou
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, China
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19
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Robin S, Legeai F, Jouan V, Ogliastro M, Darboux I. Genome-wide identification of lncRNAs associated with viral infection in Spodoptera frugiperda. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 36757871 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of lncRNAs in immune defence has been demonstrated in many multicellular and unicellular organisms. However, investigation of the identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) involved in the insect immune response is still limited. In this study, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in response to virus infection. To assess the tissue- and virus-specificity of lncRNAs, we analysed and compared their expression profiles in haemocytes and fat body of larvae infected with two entomopathogenic viruses with different lifestyles, i.e. the polydnavirus HdIV (Hyposoter didymator IchnoVirus) and the densovirus JcDV (Junonia coenia densovirus). We identified 1883 candidate lncRNAs, of which 529 showed differential expression following viral infection. Expression profiles differed considerably between samples, indicating that many differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs showed virus- and tissue-specific expression patterns. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment and target prediction analyses indicated that DE-LncRNAs were mainly enriched in metabolic process, DNA replication and repair, immune response, metabolism of insect hormone and cell adhesion. In addition, we identified three DE-lncRNAs potentially acting as microRNA host genes, suggesting that they participate in gene regulation by producing miRNAs in response to virus infection. This study provides a catalogue of lncRNAs expressed in two important immune tissues and potential insight into their roles in the antiviral defence in S. frugiperda. The results may help future in-depth functional studies to better understand the biological function of lncRNAs in interaction between viruses and the fall armyworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Robin
- BIPAA, IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,University of Rennes, INRIA, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Legeai
- BIPAA, IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.,University of Rennes, INRIA, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique Jouan
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), Montpellier, France
| | - Mylène Ogliastro
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Darboux
- INRAE, University of Montpellier, UMR Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), Montpellier, France
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20
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Shih PY, Sugio A, Simon JC. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Host Plant Specificity in Aphids. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:431-450. [PMID: 36228134 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are serious pests of agricultural and ornamental plants and important model systems for hemipteran-plant interactions. The long evolutionary history of aphids with their host plants has resulted in a variety of systems that provide insight into the different adaptation strategies of aphids to plants and vice versa. In the past, various plant-aphid interactions have been documented, but lack of functional tools has limited molecular studies on the mechanisms of plant-aphid interactions. Recent technological advances have begun to reveal plant-aphid interactions at the molecular level and to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms of aphid adaptation or specialization to different host plants. In this article, we compile and analyze available information on plant-aphid interactions, discuss the limitations of current knowledge, and argue for new research directions. We advocate for more work that takes advantage of natural systems and recently established molecular techniques to obtain a comprehensive view of plant-aphid interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Shih
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
| | - Akiko Sugio
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
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21
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Huang S, Jing D, Xu L, Luo G, Hu Y, Wu T, Hu Y, Li F, He K, Qin W, Sun Y, Liu H. Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of long non-coding RNAs in Chilo suppressalis reveal their potential roles in chlorantraniliprole resistance. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1091232. [PMID: 36699669 PMCID: PMC9868556 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs, referred to as lncRNAs, perform essential functions in some biological processes, including reproduction, metamorphosis, and other critical life functions. Yet, lncRNAs are poorly understood in pesticide resistance, and no reports to date have characterized which lncRNAs are associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in Chilo suppressalis. Here, RNA-seq was performed on two strains of C. suppressalis exposed to chlorantraniliprole: one is a susceptible strain (S), and the other is a resistant strain (R). In total, 3,470 lncRNAs were identified from 40,573 merged transcripts in six libraries, including 1,879 lincRNAs, 245 intronic lncRNAs, 853 sense lncRNAs, and 493 antisense lncRNAs. Moreover, differential expression analysis revealed 297 and 335 lncRNAs upregulated in S and R strains, respectively. Differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs are usually assumed to be involved in the chlorantraniliprole resistance in C. suppressalis. As potential targets, adjacent protein-coding genes (within <1000 kb range upstream or downstream of DE lncRNAs), especially detoxification enzyme genes (cytochrome P450s, carboxyl/cholinesterases/esterases, and ATP-binding cassette transporter), were analyzed. Furthermore, the strand-specific RT-PCR was conducted to confirm the transcript orientation of randomly selected 20 DE lincRNAs, and qRT-PCR was carried out to verify the expression status of 8 out of them. MSTRG.25315.3, MSTRG.25315.6, and MSTRG.7482.1 were upregulated in the R strain. Lastly, RNA interference and bioassay analyses indicated overexpressed lincRNA MSTRG.7482.1 was involved in chlorantraniliprole resistance. In conclusion, we represent, for the first time, the genome-wide identification of chlorantraniliprole-resistance-related lncRNAs in C. suppressalis. It elaborates the views underlying the mechanism conferring chlorantraniliprole resistance in lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuijin Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Dong Jing
- Institute of Insect Sciences/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyue Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang City, China
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Insect Sciences/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kang He
- Institute of Insect Sciences/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Qin
- Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environmental Resource, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Yang Sun, ; Hui Liu,
| | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources in Jiangxi, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Yang Sun, ; Hui Liu,
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22
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Patra GK, Gupta D, Rout GR, Panda SK. Role of long non coding RNA in plants under abiotic and biotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:96-110. [PMID: 36399914 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary processes have evolved plants to cope with several different natural stresses. Basic physiological activities of crop plants are significantly harmed by these stresses, reducing productivity and eventually leading to death. The recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing of transcriptome and expression profiling with NGS techniques lead to the innovation of various RNAs which do not code for proteins, more specifically long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), undergirding regulate growth, development, and the plant defence mechanism transcriptionally under stress situations. LncRNAs are a diverse set of RNAs that play key roles in various biological processes at the level of transcription, post-transcription, and epigenetics. These are thought to serve crucial functions in plant immunity and response to changes in the environment. In plants, however, just a few lncRNAs have been functionally identified. In this review, we will address recent advancements in comprehending lncRNA regulatory functions, focusing on the expanding involvement of lncRNAs in modulating environmental stress responsiveness in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanendra K Patra
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Divya Gupta
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gyana Ranjan Rout
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751 003, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjib Kumar Panda
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, NH 8, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, 305817, Rajasthan, India.
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23
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Fan Y, Zhao Q, Duan H, Bi S, Hao X, Xu R, Bai R, Yu R, Lu W, Bao T, Wuriyanghan H. Large-scale mRNA transfer between Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae) and herbaceous root holoparasite Cistanche deserticola (Orobanchaceae). iScience 2022; 26:105880. [PMID: 36686392 PMCID: PMC9852350 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Exchanges of mRNA were shown between host and stem parasites but not root parasites. Cistanche deserticola (Orobanchaceae) is a holoparasitic herb which parasitizes on the roots of woody plant Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae). We used transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses to identify nearly ten thousand mobile mRNAs. Transcript abundance appears to be a driving force for transfer event and mRNA exchanges occur through haustorial junction. Mobility of selected mRNAs was confirmed in situ and in sunflower-Orobanche cumana heterologous parasitic system. Four C. deserticola →H. ammodendron mobile mRNAs appear to facilitate haustorium development. Of interest, two mobile mRNAs of putative resistance genes CdNLR1 and CdNLR2 cause root-specific hypersensitive response and retard parasite development, which might contribute to parasitic equilibrium. The present study provides evidence for the large-scale mRNA transfer event between a woody host and a root parasite, and demonstrates the functional relevance of six C. deserticola genes in host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Huimin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shuxin Bi
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiaomin Hao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Runyao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Ruonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Tiejun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China,Corresponding author
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China,Corresponding author
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24
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Abstract
Time is an often-neglected variable in biological research. Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stressors with a range of chemical signals, but as plants are non-equilibrium systems, single-point measurements often cannot provide sufficient temporal resolution to capture these time-dependent signals. In this article, we critically review the advances in continuous monitoring of chemical signals in living plants under stress. We discuss methods for sustained measurement of the most important chemical species, including ions, organic molecules, inorganic molecules and radicals. We examine analytical and modelling approaches currently used to identify and predict stress in plants. We also explore how the methods discussed can be used for applications beyond a research laboratory, in agricultural settings. Finally, we present the current challenges and future perspectives for the continuous monitoring of chemical signals in plants.
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25
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Yang L, Tian Y, Fang Y, Chen ML, Smagghe G, Niu J, Wang JJ. A saliva α-glucosidase MpAgC2-2 enhance the feeding of green peach aphid Myzus persicae via extra-intestinal digestion. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 150:103846. [PMID: 36202385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aphids feed on plant phloem sap that contains massive amounts of sucrose; this not only provides vital nutrition for the aphids but also produces high osmotic pressure. To utilize this carbon source and overcome the osmotic pressure, sucrose is hydrolyzed into the monosaccharides, glucose and fructose. In the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), we show that this process is facilitated by a key α-glucosidase (MpAgC2-2), which is abundant in the aphid salivary gland and is secreted into leaves during feeding. MpAgC2-2 has a pH optimum of 8.0 in vitro, suggesting it has adapted to the environment of plant cells. Silencing MpAgC2-2 (but not the gut-specific MpAgC3-4) significantly increased the amount of sucrose ingested and hindered aphid feeding on the phloem of tobacco seedlings, resulting in a smaller body size, as well as lower α-glucosidase activity and glucose levels. These effects could be rescued by feeding aphids on tobacco plants transiently expressing MpAgC2-2. The transient expression of MpAgC2-2 also led to the hydrolysis of sucrose in tobacco leaves. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MpAgC2-2 is a salivary protein that facilitates extra-intestinal feeding via sucrose hydrolysis. Our findings provide insight into the ability of aphids to digest the high concentration of sucrose in phloem, and the underlying mechanism of extra-intestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ying Fang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Meng-Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jinzhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; International Joint Laboratory of China-Belgium on Sustainable Crop Pest Control, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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26
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Jeckel AM, Beran F, Züst T, Younkin G, Petschenka G, Pokharel P, Dreisbach D, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Robert CAM. Metabolization and sequestration of plant specialized metabolites in insect herbivores: Current and emerging approaches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1001032. [PMID: 36237530 PMCID: PMC9552321 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects encounter diverse plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) in their diet, that have deterrent, anti-nutritional, or toxic properties. Understanding how they cope with PSMs is crucial to understand their biology, population dynamics, and evolution. This review summarizes current and emerging cutting-edge methods that can be used to characterize the metabolic fate of PSMs, from ingestion to excretion or sequestration. It further emphasizes a workflow that enables not only to study PSM metabolism at different scales, but also to tackle and validate the genetic and biochemical mechanisms involved in PSM resistance by herbivores. This review thus aims at facilitating research on PSM-mediated plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Moriguchi Jeckel
- Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Beran
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Züst
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gordon Younkin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Georg Petschenka
- Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Prayan Pokharel
- Department of Applied Entomology, Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Domenic Dreisbach
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Christine Ganal-Vonarburg
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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27
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Dong Y, Wu M, Zhang Q, Fu J, Loiacono FV, Yang Y, Wang Z, Li S, Chang L, Bock R, Zhang J. Control of a sap-sucking insect pest by plastid-mediated RNA interference. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1176-1191. [PMID: 35619559 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Expression of double-stranded RNAs in plastids offers great potential for the efficient control of chewing insects. However, many insect pests do not consume plant tissue but rather feed on the host plant by sucking sap from the vascular system. Whether or not plastid-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) can be employed to control sap-sucking insects is unknown. Here, we show that five species of sap-sucking hemipteran insects acquire plastid RNA upon feeding on plants. We generated both nuclear transgenic and transplastomic tobacco plants expressing double-stranded RNAs targeting the MpDhc64C gene, a newly identified efficient target gene of RNAi whose silencing causes lethality to the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. In a whole-plant bioassay, transplastomic plants exhibited significant resistance to aphids, as evidenced by reduced insect survival, impaired fecundity, and decreased weight of survivors. The protective effect was comparable with that conferred by the best-performing nuclear transgenic plants. We found that the proportion of aphids on mature leaves of transplastomic plants was significantly lower compared with that of nuclear transgenic plants. When aphids were allowed to infest only the mature leaves, transplastomic plants grew significantly faster and were overall better protected from the pest compared with nuclear transgenic plants. When monitored by electrical-penetration-graph analyses and aphid avoidance response experiments, the insects displayed remarkable alterations in feeding behavior, which was different in nuclear transgenic and transplastomic plants, likely reflecting specific avoidance strategies to toxic RNA molecules. Taken together, our study demonstrates that plastid-mediated RNAi provides an efficient strategy for controlling at least some sap-sucking insect pests, even though there is most likely no or only very little chloroplast RNA in the sap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinqiu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - F Vanessa Loiacono
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zican Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ling Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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28
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Twayana M, Girija AM, Mohan V, Shah J. Phloem: At the center of action in plant defense against aphids. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 273:153695. [PMID: 35468314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The location of the phloem deep inside the plant, the high hydrostatic pressure in the phloem, and the composition of phloem sap, which is rich in sugar with a high C:N ratio, allows phloem sap feeding insects to occupy a unique ecological niche. The anatomy and physiology of aphids, a large group of phytophagous insects that use their mouthparts, which are modified into stylets, to consume large amounts of phloem sap, has allowed aphids to successfully exploit this niche, however, to the detriment of agriculture and horticulture. The ability to reproduce asexually, a short generation time, the development of resistance to commonly used insecticides, and their ability to vector viral diseases makes aphids among the most damaging pests of plants. Here we review how plants utilize their ability to occlude sieve elements and accumulate antibiotic and antinutritive factors in the phloem sap to limit aphid infestation. In addition, we summarize progress on understanding how plants perceive aphids to activate defenses in the phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Twayana
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76210, USA.
| | - Anil M Girija
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76210, USA.
| | - Vijee Mohan
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76210, USA.
| | - Jyoti Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences and BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76210, USA.
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29
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Liu Z, Hou S, Rodrigues O, Wang P, Luo D, Munemasa S, Lei J, Liu J, Ortiz-Morea FA, Wang X, Nomura K, Yin C, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhu-Salzman K, He SY, He P, Shan L. Phytocytokine signalling reopens stomata in plant immunity and water loss. Nature 2022; 605:332-339. [PMID: 35508659 PMCID: PMC9710542 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Stomata exert considerable effects on global carbon and water cycles by mediating gas exchange and water vapour1,2. Stomatal closure prevents water loss in response to dehydration and limits pathogen entry3,4. However, prolonged stomatal closure reduces photosynthesis and transpiration and creates aqueous apoplasts that promote colonization by pathogens. How plants dynamically regulate stomatal reopening in a changing climate is unclear. Here we show that the secreted peptides SMALL PHYTOCYTOKINES REGULATING DEFENSE AND WATER LOSS (SCREWs) and the cognate receptor kinase PLANT SCREW UNRESPONSIVE RECEPTOR (NUT) counter-regulate phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)- and microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-induced stomatal closure. SCREWs sensed by NUT function as immunomodulatory phytocytokines and recruit SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptors to relay immune signalling. SCREWs trigger the NUT-dependent phosphorylation of ABA INSENSITIVE 1 (ABI1) and ABI2, which leads to an increase in the activity of ABI phosphatases towards OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1)-a key kinase that mediates ABA- and MAMP-induced stomatal closure5,6-and a reduction in the activity of S-type anion channels. After induction by dehydration and pathogen infection, SCREW-NUT signalling promotes apoplastic water loss and disrupts microorganism-rich aqueous habitats to limit pathogen colonization. The SCREW-NUT system is widely distributed across land plants, which suggests that it has an important role in preventing uncontrolled stomatal closure caused by abiotic and biotic stresses to optimize plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shuguo Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China.
| | - Olivier Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INP-PURPAN, Toulouse, France
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dexian Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental & Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiaxin Lei
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kinya Nomura
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chuanchun Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Ray S, Casteel CL. Effector-mediated plant-virus-vector interactions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1514-1531. [PMID: 35277714 PMCID: PMC9048964 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hemipterans (such as aphids, whiteflies, and leafhoppers) are some of the most devastating insect pests due to the numerous plant pathogens they transmit as vectors, which are primarily viral. Over the past decade, tremendous progress has been made in broadening our understanding of plant-virus-vector interactions, yet on the molecular level, viruses and vectors have typically been studied in isolation of each other until recently. From that work, it is clear that both hemipteran vectors and viruses use effectors to manipulate host physiology and successfully colonize a plant and that co-evolutionary dynamics have resulted in effective host immune responses, as well as diverse mechanisms of counterattack by both challengers. In this review, we focus on advances in effector-mediated plant-virus-vector interactions and the underlying mechanisms. We propose that molecular synergisms in vector-virus interactions occur in cases where both the virus and vector benefit from the interaction (mutualism). To support this view, we show that mutualisms are common in virus-vector interactions and that virus and vector effectors target conserved mechanisms of plant immunity, including plant transcription factors, and plant protein degradation pathways. Finally, we outline ways to identify true effector synergisms in the future and propose future research directions concerning the roles effectors play in plant-virus-vector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayamjit Ray
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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31
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Wu W, Shan HW, Li JM, Zhang CX, Chen JP, Mao Q. Roles of Bacterial Symbionts in Transmission of Plant Virus by Hemipteran Vectors. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:805352. [PMID: 35154053 PMCID: PMC8829006 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.805352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of plant viruses are transmitted by hemipteran insects. Bacterial symbionts in hemipteran hosts have a significant impact on the host life, physiology and ecology. Recently, the involvement of bacterial symbionts in hemipteran vector-virus and vector-plant interactions has been documented. Thus, the exploitation and manipulation of bacterial symbionts have great potential for plant viral disease control. Herein, we review the studies performed on the impact of symbiotic bacteria on plant virus transmission, including insect-bacterial symbiont associations, the role of these bacterial symbionts in viral acquisition, stability and release during viral circulation in insect bodies, and in viral vertical transmission. Besides, we prospect further studies aimed to understand tripartite interactions of the virus-symbiotic microorganisms-insect vector.
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32
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Song J, Bian J, Xue N, Xu Y, Wu J. Inter-species mRNA transfer among green peach aphids, dodder parasites, and cucumber host plants. PLANT DIVERSITY 2022; 44:1-10. [PMID: 35281124 PMCID: PMC8897176 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
mRNAs are transported within a plant through phloem. Aphids are phloem feeders and dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are parasites which establish phloem connections with host plants. When aphids feed on dodders, whether there is trafficking of mRNAs among aphids, dodders, and host plants and if aphid feeding affects the mRNA transfer between dodders and hosts are unclear. We constructed a green peach aphid (GPA, Myzus persicae)-dodder (Cuscuta australis)-cucumber (Cucumis sativus) tritrophic system by infesting GPAs on C. australis, which parasitized cucumber hosts. We found that GPA feeding activated defense-related phytohormonal and transcriptomic responses in both C. australis and cucumbers and large numbers of mRNAs were found to be transferred between C. australis and cucumbers and between C. australis and GPAs; importantly, GPA feeding on C. australis greatly altered inter-species mobile mRNA profiles. Furthermore, three cucumber mRNAs and three GPA mRNAs could be respectively detected in GPAs and cucumbers. Moreover, our statistical analysis indicated that mRNAs with high abundances and long transcript lengths are likely to be mobile. This study reveals the existence of inter-species and even inter-kingdom mRNA movement among insects, parasitic plants, and parasite hosts, and suggests complex regulation of mRNA trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinge Bian
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Xue
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuxing Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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33
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Stern DL, Han C. OUP accepted manuscript. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6602283. [PMID: 35660862 PMCID: PMC9168663 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homology of highly divergent genes often cannot be determined from sequence similarity alone. For example, we recently identified in the aphid Hormaphis cornu a family of rapidly evolving bicycle genes, which encode novel proteins implicated as plant gall effectors, and sequence similarity search methods yielded few putative bicycle homologs in other species. Coding sequence-independent features of genes, such as intron-exon boundaries, often evolve more slowly than coding sequences, however, and can provide complementary evidence for homology. We found that a linear logistic regression classifier using only structural features of bicycle genes identified many putative bicycle homologs in other species. Independent evidence from sequence features and intron locations supported homology assignments. To test the potential roles of bicycle genes in other aphids, we sequenced the genome of a second gall-forming aphid, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis and found that many bicycle genes are strongly expressed in the salivary glands of the gall forming foundress. In addition, bicycle genes are strongly overexpressed in the salivary glands of a non-gall forming aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and in the non-gall forming generations of H. cornu. These observations suggest that Bicycle proteins may be used by multiple aphid species to manipulate plants in diverse ways. Incorporation of gene structural features into sequence search algorithms may aid identification of deeply divergent homologs, especially of rapidly evolving genes involved in host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clair Han
- Janelia Research Campus of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
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Shang F, Ding BY, Zhang YT, Wu JJ, Pan ST, Wang JJ. Genome-wide analysis of long non-coding RNAs and their association with wing development in Aphis citricidus (Hemiptera: Aphididae). INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 139:103666. [PMID: 34619323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the various physiological processes of insects. The wing is a successful adaptation allowing insects to escape from unfavorable environments, while information on lncRNAs related to wing development is limited. In this study, we constructed 12 libraries from two RNA-seq comparisons: 4th instar winged nymphs versus winged adults and 4th instar wingless nymphs versus wingless adults in the brown citrus aphid Aphis citricidus, to identify the wing development-associated lncRNAs. A total of 2914 lncRNAs were identified and 50 lncRNAs were differentially expressed during the 4th instar winged nymphs to winged adults transition, and 28 lncRNAs changed during the 4th instar wingless nymphs to wingless adults transition. The differentially expressed lncRNAs were grouped into six clusters according to the expression patterns in the combined two-winged morphs. lncRNA Ac_lnc54106.1 was up-regulated during 4th instar winged nymphs to winged adults transition, but a lack of change during the 4th instar wingless nymphs to wingless adults transition implied a critical role in the specific regulation of wing development. RNA interference of Ac_lnc54106.1 resulted in malformed wings. Targets prediction, expression patterns, and RNAi assay results showed that Ac_lnc54106.1 may target the PiggyBac transposable element-derived protein 4 (PGBD4) gene, decrease expression of the canonical wing development-related genes, and finally regulate wing development. The systematic identification of lncRNAs in an aphid increases our understanding of how non-coding RNA mediates the wing plasticity of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Bi-Yue Ding
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yong-Te Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Jin-Jin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Si-Tong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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35
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Joshi K, Baumgardner JL, MacPhail M, Acharya SR, Blotevogel E, Dayan FE, Nachappa P, Nalam VJ. The Source of Rag5-Mediated Resistance to Soybean Aphids Is Located in the Stem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:689986. [PMID: 34335657 PMCID: PMC8322969 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.689986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) continues to threaten soybean production in the United States. A suite of management strategies, such as planting aphid-resistant cultivars, has been successful in controlling soybean aphids. Several Rag genes (resistance against A. glycines) have been identified, and two are currently being deployed in commercial soybean cultivars. However, the mechanisms underlying Rag-mediated resistance are yet to be identified. In this study, we sought to determine the nature of resistance conferred by the Rag5 gene using behavioral, molecular biology, physiological, and biochemical approaches. We confirmed previous findings that plants carrying the Rag5 gene were resistant to soybean aphids in whole plant assays, and this resistance was absent in detached leaf assays. Analysis of aphid feeding behaviors using the electrical penetration graph technique on whole plants and detached leaves did not reveal differences between the Rag5 plants and Williams 82, a susceptible cultivar. In reciprocal grafting experiments, aphid populations were lower in the Rag5/rag5 (Scion/Root stock) chimera, suggesting that Rag5-mediated resistance is derived from the shoots. Further evidence for the role of stems comes from poor aphid performance in detached stem plus leaf assays. Gene expression analysis revealed that biosynthesis of the isoflavone kaempferol is upregulated in both leaves and stems in resistant Rag5 plants. Moreover, supplementing with kaempferol restored resistance in detached stems of plants carrying Rag5. This study demonstrates for the first time that Rag5-mediated resistance against soybean aphids is likely derived from stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, United States
| | - Joshua L. Baumgardner
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Madison MacPhail
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Shailesh R. Acharya
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth Blotevogel
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Franck E. Dayan
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Punya Nachappa
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Vamsi J. Nalam
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Singh KS, Cordeiro EMG, Troczka BJ, Pym A, Mackisack J, Mathers TC, Duarte A, Legeai F, Robin S, Bielza P, Burrack HJ, Charaabi K, Denholm I, Figueroa CC, ffrench-Constant RH, Jander G, Margaritopoulos JT, Mazzoni E, Nauen R, Ramírez CC, Ren G, Stepanyan I, Umina PA, Voronova NV, Vontas J, Williamson MS, Wilson ACC, Xi-Wu G, Youn YN, Zimmer CT, Simon JC, Hayward A, Bass C. Global patterns in genomic diversity underpinning the evolution of insecticide resistance in the aphid crop pest Myzus persicae. Commun Biol 2021; 4:847. [PMID: 34234279 PMCID: PMC8263593 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aphid Myzus persicae is a destructive agricultural pest that displays an exceptional ability to develop resistance to both natural and synthetic insecticides. To investigate the evolution of resistance in this species we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly and living panel of >110 fully sequenced globally sampled clonal lines. Our analyses reveal a remarkable diversity of resistance mutations segregating in global populations of M. persicae. We show that the emergence and spread of these mechanisms is influenced by host-plant associations, uncovering the widespread co-option of a host-plant adaptation that also offers resistance against synthetic insecticides. We identify both the repeated evolution of independent resistance mutations at the same locus, and multiple instances of the evolution of novel resistance mechanisms against key insecticides. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the genomic responses of global insect populations to strong selective forces, and hold practical relevance for the control of pests and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Saurabh Singh
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Erick M. G. Cordeiro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz,”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Bartlomiej J. Troczka
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Adam Pym
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Joanna Mackisack
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Thomas C. Mathers
- grid.14830.3e0000 0001 2175 7246Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ana Duarte
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | | | | | - Pablo Bielza
- grid.218430.c0000 0001 2153 2602Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Hannah J. Burrack
- grid.40803.3f0000 0001 2173 6074Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Kamel Charaabi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technologies, National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Ariana Tunisia
| | - Ian Denholm
- grid.5846.f0000 0001 2161 9644Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Christian C. Figueroa
- grid.10999.380000 0001 0036 2536Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Richard H. ffrench-Constant
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Georg Jander
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XBoyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY USA
| | - John T. Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection at Volos, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘DEMETER’, Volos, Greece
| | - Emanuele Mazzoni
- grid.8142.f0000 0001 0941 3192Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Section Sustainable Crop and Food Protection, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Ralf Nauen
- grid.420044.60000 0004 0374 4101Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Monheim, Germany
| | - Claudio C. Ramírez
- grid.10999.380000 0001 0036 2536Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Guangwei Ren
- grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ilona Stepanyan
- grid.418094.00000 0001 1146 7878Scientific Center of Zoology and Hydroecology, National Academy of Science, Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Paul A. Umina
- Cesar, Parkville, Victoria Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XSchool of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia
| | - Nina V. Voronova
- grid.17678.3f0000 0001 1092 255XThe Department of General Ecology and Methods of Biology Teaching, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - John Vontas
- grid.4834.b0000 0004 0635 685XInstitute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece ,grid.10985.350000 0001 0794 1186Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martin S. Williamson
- grid.418374.d0000 0001 2227 9389Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Alex C. C. Wilson
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Gao Xi-Wu
- grid.22935.3f0000 0004 0530 8290Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Young-Nam Youn
- grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Applied Biology, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Christoph T. Zimmer
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK ,grid.420222.40000 0001 0669 0426Present Address: Syngenta Crop Protection, Werk Stein, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein, Switzerland
| | | | - Alex Hayward
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
| | - Chris Bass
- grid.8391.30000 0004 1936 8024College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall UK
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Naalden D, van Kleeff PJM, Dangol S, Mastop M, Corkill R, Hogenhout SA, Kant MR, Schuurink RC. Spotlight on the Roles of Whitefly Effectors in Insect-Plant Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:661141. [PMID: 34276723 PMCID: PMC8283192 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.661141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Bemisia tabaci species complex (whitefly) causes enormous agricultural losses. These phloem-feeding insects induce feeding damage and transmit a wide range of dangerous plant viruses. Whiteflies colonize a broad range of plant species that appear to be poorly defended against these insects. Substantial research has begun to unravel how phloem feeders modulate plant processes, such as defense pathways, and the central roles of effector proteins, which are deposited into the plant along with the saliva during feeding. Here, we review the current literature on whitefly effectors in light of what is known about the effectors of phloem-feeding insects in general. Further analysis of these effectors may improve our understanding of how these insects establish compatible interactions with plants, whereas the subsequent identification of plant defense processes could lead to improved crop resistance to insects. We focus on the core concepts that define the effectors of phloem-feeding insects, such as the criteria used to identify candidate effectors in sequence-mining pipelines and screens used to analyze the potential roles of these effectors and their targets in planta. We discuss aspects of whitefly effector research that require further exploration, including where effectors localize when injected into plant tissues, whether the effectors target plant processes beyond defense pathways, and the properties of effectors in other insect excretions such as honeydew. Finally, we provide an overview of open issues and how they might be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Naalden
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paula J. M. van Kleeff
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarmina Dangol
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke Mastop
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca Corkill
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia A. Hogenhout
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Merijn R. Kant
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert C. Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Botha AM. Fast developing Russian wheat aphid biotypes remains an unsolved enigma. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 45:42-52. [PMID: 33359167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diuraphis noxia, commonly known as the Russian wheat aphid, is an economically important cereal pest species, highly invasive and reproduces mostly asexually. Remarkably, many new virulent populations continue to develop, despite the lack of genetic diversity in the aphid. Russian wheat aphid is a phloem feeder and is therefore engaged in a continuous arms battle with its cereal host, with the acquisition of virulence central to the breakdown of host resistance. In the review, most attention is given to recent topics about mechanisms and strategies whereby the aphid acquires virulence against its host, with special reference given to the role of noncoding RNA elements, bacteria, and the epigenetic pathway in possibly directing virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Botha
- Genetics Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7601, South Africa.
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39
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Jockusch EL, Fisher CR. Something old, something new, something borrowed, something red: the origin of ecologically relevant novelties in Hemiptera. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 69:154-162. [PMID: 34058515 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Comparative transcriptomics, applied in an evolutionary context, has transformed the possibilities for studying phenotypic evolution in non-model taxa. We review recent discoveries about the development of novel, ecologically relevant phenotypes in hemipteran insects. These discoveries highlight the diverse genomic substrates of novelty: 'something old', when novelty results from changes in the regulation of existing genes or gene duplication; 'something new', wherein lineage-restricted genes contribute to the evolution of new phenotypes; and 'something borrowed', showcasing contributions of horizontal gene transfer to the evolution of novelty, including carotenoid synthesis (resulting in 'something red'). These findings show the power and flexibility of comparative transcriptomic approaches for expanding beyond the 'toolkit' model for the evolution of development. We conclude by raising questions about the relationship between new genes and new traits and outlining a research framework for answering them in Hemiptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Jockusch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd., U-3043, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Cera R Fisher
- Cornell University, Department of Entomology, 2126 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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40
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Kondhare KR, Patil NS, Banerjee AK. A historical overview of long-distance signalling in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4218-4236. [PMID: 33682884 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Be it a small herb or a large tree, intra- and intercellular communication and long-distance signalling between distant organs are crucial for every aspect of plant development. The vascular system, comprising xylem and phloem, acts as a major conduit for the transmission of long-distance signals in plants. In addition to expanding our knowledge of vascular development, numerous reports in the past two decades revealed that selective populations of RNAs, proteins, and phytohormones function as mobile signals. Many of these signals were shown to regulate diverse physiological processes, such as flowering, leaf and root development, nutrient acquisition, crop yield, and biotic/abiotic stress responses. In this review, we summarize the significant discoveries made in the past 25 years, with emphasis on key mobile signalling molecules (mRNAs, proteins including RNA-binding proteins, and small RNAs) that have revolutionized our understanding of how plants integrate various intrinsic and external cues in orchestrating growth and development. Additionally, we provide detailed insights on the emerging molecular mechanisms that might control the selective trafficking and delivery of phloem-mobile RNAs to target tissues. We also highlight the cross-kingdom movement of mobile signals during plant-parasite relationships. Considering the dynamic functions of these signals, their implications in crop improvement are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtikumar R Kondhare
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikita S Patil
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjan K Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Maharashtra, India
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41
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Tian J, Zhan H, Dewer Y, Zhang B, Qu C, Luo C, Li F, Yang S. Whitefly Network Analysis Reveals Gene Modules Involved in Host Plant Selection, Development and Evolution. Front Physiol 2021; 12:656649. [PMID: 33927643 PMCID: PMC8076899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.656649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whiteflies are Hemipterans that typically feed on the undersides of plant leaves. They cause severe damage by direct feeding as well as transmitting plant viruses to a wide range of plants. However, it remains largely unknown which genes play a key role in development and host selection. In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to construct gene co-expression networks in whitefly. Nineteen gene co-expression modules were detected from 15560 expressed genes of whitefly. Combined with the transcriptome data of salivary glands and midgut, we identified three gene co-expression modules related to host plant selection. These three modules contain genes related to host-plant recognition, such as detoxification genes, chemosensory genes and some salivary gland-associated genes. Results of Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses elucidated the following pathways involved in these modules: lysosome, metabolic and detoxification pathways. The modules related to the development contain two co-expression modules; moreover, the genes were annotated to the development of chitin-based cuticle. This analysis provides a basis for future functional analysis of genes involved in host-plant recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tian
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Bioassay Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Biyun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-Founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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42
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Zhao JH, Zhang T, Liu QY, Guo HS. Trans-kingdom RNAs and their fates in recipient cells: advances, utilization, and perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100167. [PMID: 33898979 PMCID: PMC8060725 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon and potential mechanisms of trans-kingdom RNA silencing (or RNA interference, RNAi) are among the most exciting topics in science today. Based on trans-kingdom RNAi, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) has been widely applied to create crops with resistance to various pests and pathogens, overcoming the limitations of resistant cultivars. However, a lack of transformation technology in many crops limits the application of HIGS. Here, we describe the various fates of trans-kingdom RNAs in recipient organisms. Based on the assumption that small RNAs can be transferred between the host and its microbiome or among microbiome members, we propose a possible alternative strategy for plant protection against pathogens without the need for crop genetic modification.
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Santos D, Remans S, Van den Brande S, Vanden Broeck J. RNAs on the Go: Extracellular Transfer in Insects with Promising Prospects for Pest Management. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:484. [PMID: 33806650 PMCID: PMC8001424 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RNA-mediated pathways form an important regulatory layer of myriad biological processes. In the last decade, the potential of RNA molecules to contribute to the control of agricultural pests has not been disregarded, specifically via the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. In fact, several proofs-of-concept have been made in this scope. Furthermore, a novel research field regarding extracellular RNAs and RNA-based intercellular/interorganismal communication is booming. In this article, we review key discoveries concerning extracellular RNAs in insects, insect RNA-based cell-to-cell communication, and plant-insect transfer of RNA. In addition, we overview the molecular mechanisms implicated in this form of communication and discuss future biotechnological prospects, namely from the insect pest-control perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Santos
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.R.); (S.V.d.B.); (J.V.B.)
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Gao Y, Ren R, Peng J, Wang D, Shi X, Zheng L, Zhang Z, Zhu C, Liu Y, Dai L, Zhang D. The Gustavus Gene Can Regulate the Fecundity of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Front Physiol 2021; 11:596392. [PMID: 33510645 PMCID: PMC7835840 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.596392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myzus persicae (Sulzer), commonly known as the green peach aphid, is a notorious pest that causes substantial losses to a range of crops and can transmit several plant viruses, including potato virus Y (PVY). Chemical insecticides provide only partial control of this pest and their use is not environmentally sustainable. In recent years, many genes related to growth, development, and reproduction have been used as targets for pest control. These include Gustavus (Gus), a highly conserved gene that has been reported to play an essential part in the genesis of germline cells and, hence, in fecundity in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. We hypothesized that the Gustavus (Gus) gene was a potential target that could be used to regulate the M. persicae population. In this study, we report the first investigation of an ortholog of Gus in M. persicae, designated MpGus, and describe its role in the fecundity of this insect. First, we identified the MpGus mRNA sequence in the M. persicae transcriptome database, verified its identity with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and then evaluated the transcription levels of MpGus in M. persicae nymphs of different instars and tissues with real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). To investigate its role in regulating the fecundity of M. persicae, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of MpGus in adult insects; this resulted in a significant reduction in the number of embryos (50.6%, P < 0.01) and newborn nymphs (55.7%, P < 0.01) in the treated aphids compared with controls. Interestingly, MpGus was also significantly downregulated in aphids fed on tobacco plants that had been pre-infected with PVYN, concomitant with a significant reduction (34.1%, P < 0.01) in M. persicae fecundity. Collectively, these data highlight the important role of MpGus in regulating fecundity in M. persicae and indicate that MpGus is a promising RNAi target gene for control of this pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Ruifan Ren
- Long Ping Branch, Graduate School of Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobin Shi
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
| | - Liangying Dai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha, China
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