1
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Gadre P, Markova P, Ebrahimkutty M, Jiang Y, Bouzada FM, Watt FM. Emergence and properties of adult mammalian epidermal stem cells. Dev Biol 2024; 515:129-138. [PMID: 39059680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
In this review we discuss how the mammalian interfollicular epidermis forms during development, maintains homeostasis, and is repaired following wounding. Recent studies have provided new insights into the relationship between the stem cell compartment and the differentiating cell layers; the ability of differentiated cells to dedifferentiate into stem cells; and the epigenetic memory of epidermal cells following wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Gadre
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavlina Markova
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Yidan Jiang
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francisco M Bouzada
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Directors' Unit, EMBL-Heidelberg, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Mai Y, Kobayashi Y, Kitahata H, Seo T, Nohara T, Itamoto S, Mai S, Kumamoto J, Nagayama M, Nishie W, Ujiie H, Natsuga K. Patterning in stratified epithelia depends on cell-cell adhesion. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402893. [PMID: 39025524 PMCID: PMC11258421 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelia consist of proliferating and differentiating cells that often display patterned arrangements. However, the mechanism regulating these spatial arrangements remains unclear. Here, we show that cell-cell adhesion dictates multicellular patterning in stratified epithelia. When cultured keratinocytes, a type of epithelial cell in the skin, are subjected to starvation, they spontaneously develop a pattern characterized by areas of high and low cell density. Pharmacological and knockout experiments show that adherens junctions are essential for patterning, whereas the mathematical model that only considers local cell-cell adhesion as a source of attractive interactions can form regions with high/low cell density. This phenomenon, called cell-cell adhesion-induced patterning (CAIP), influences cell differentiation and proliferation through Yes-associated protein modulation. Starvation, which induces CAIP, enhances the stratification of the epithelia. These findings highlight the intrinsic self-organizing property of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Mai
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kobayashi
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Seo
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuma Nohara
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sota Itamoto
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shoko Mai
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kumamoto
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Nagayama
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nishie
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ujiie
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken Natsuga
- https://ror.org/02e16g702 Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Vietri Rudan M, Sipilä KH, Philippeos C, Ganier C, Bhosale PG, Negri VA, Watt FM. Neutral evolution of snoRNA Host Gene long non-coding RNA affects cell fate control. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00172-8. [PMID: 39054371 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in molecular biology is to understand how evolving genomes can acquire new functions. Actively transcribed, non-coding parts of the genome provide a potential platform for the development of new functional sequences, but their biological and evolutionary roles remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that a set of neutrally evolving long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) whose introns encode small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA Host Genes, SNHGs) are highly expressed in skin and dysregulated in inflammatory conditions. Using SNHG7 and human epidermal keratinocytes as a model, we describe a mechanism by which these lncRNAs can increase self-renewal and inhibit differentiation. The activity of SNHG7 lncRNA has been recently acquired in the primate lineage and depends on a short sequence required for microRNA binding. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of understanding the role of fast-evolving transcripts in normal and diseased epithelia, and show how poorly conserved, actively transcribed non-coding sequences can participate in the evolution of genomic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Vietri Rudan
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kalle H Sipilä
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Christina Philippeos
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Clarisse Ganier
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Priyanka G Bhosale
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Victor A Negri
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- Directors' Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstr. 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Gagliardi PA, Pertz O. The mitogen-activated protein kinase network, wired to dynamically function at multiple scales. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102368. [PMID: 38754355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling network is a key transducer of signals from various receptors, including receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). It controls cell-cycle entry, survival, motility, differentiation, as well as other fates. After four decades of studying this pathway with biochemical methods, the use of fluorescent biosensors has revealed dynamic behaviors such as ERK pulsing, oscillations, and amplitude-modulated activity. Different RTKs equip the MAPK network with specific feedback mechanisms to encode these different ERK dynamics, which are then subsequently decoded into cytoskeletal events and transcriptional programs, actuating cellular fates. Recently, collective ERK wave behaviors have been observed in multiple systems to coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics with fate decisions within cell collectives. This emphasizes that a correct understanding of this pathway requires studying it at multiple scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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5
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Xin T, Gallini S, Wei H, Gonzalez DG, Matte-Martone C, Machida H, Fujiwara H, Pasolli HA, Suozzi KC, Gonzalez LE, Regot S, Greco V. Oncogenic Kras induces spatiotemporally specific tissue deformation through converting pulsatile into sustained ERK activation. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:859-867. [PMID: 38689013 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and maintenance rely on coordinated stem cell behaviours. This orchestration can be impaired by oncogenic mutations leading to cancer. However, it is largely unclear how oncogenes perturb stem cells' orchestration to disrupt tissue. Here we used intravital imaging to investigate the mechanisms by which oncogenic Kras mutation causes tissue disruption in the hair follicle. Through longitudinally tracking hair follicles in live mice, we found that KrasG12D, a mutation that can lead to squamous cell carcinoma, induces epithelial tissue deformation in a spatiotemporally specific manner, linked with abnormal cell division and migration. Using a reporter mouse capture real-time ERK signal dynamics at the single-cell level, we discovered that KrasG12D, but not a closely related mutation HrasG12V, converts ERK signal in stem cells from pulsatile to sustained. Finally, we demonstrated that interrupting sustained ERK signal reverts KrasG12D-induced tissue deformation through modulating specific features of cell migration and division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Xin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Sara Gallini
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haoyang Wei
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Hiroki Machida
- Laboratory for Tissue Microenvironment, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hironobu Fujiwara
- Laboratory for Tissue Microenvironment, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - H Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen C Suozzi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren E Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sergi Regot
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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6
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Reeder TL, Zarlenga DS, Dyer RM. Molecular evidence sterile tissue damage during pathogenesis of pododermatitis aseptica hemorrhagica circumscripta is associated with disturbed epidermal-dermal homeostasis. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00842-7. [PMID: 38825113 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Podermatitis aseptica hemorrhagica circumscripta is associated with metalloproteinase 2 weakening of distal phalangeal suspensory structures and sinkage of the distal phalanx in the claw capsule. Pressure from the tuberculum flexorium on the sole epidermis and dermis produces hemorrhagic tissue injury and defective horn production appearing as yellow-red, softened claw horn in region 4 of the sole. A model of the MAPK/ERK signal cascade orchestrating epidermal-dermal homeostasis was employed to determine if sterile inflammatory responses are linked to disturbed signal transduction for epidermal homeostasis in sole epidermis and dermis. The objective was to assess shifts in target genes of inflammation, up- and downstream MAPK/ERK signal elements, and targeted genes supporting epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Sole epidermis and dermis was removed from lateral claws bearing lesions of podermatitis aseptica hemorrhagica circumscripta, medial claws from the same limb and lateral claws from completely normal limbs of multiparous, lactating Holstein cows. The abundance levels of targeted transcripts were evaluated by real-time QPCR. Lesion effects were assessed by ANOVA, and mean comparisons were performed with t-tests to assess variations between mean expression in ulcer-bearing or medial claw dermis and epidermis and completely normal lateral claw dermis and epidermis or between ulcer-bearing dermis and epidermis and medial claw dermis and epidermis. The lesions were sterile and showed losses across multiple growth factors, their receptors, several downstream AP1 transcription components, CMYC, multiple cell cycle and terminal differentiation elements conducted by MAPK/ERK signals and β 4, α 6 and collagen 17A hemidesmosome components. These losses coincided with increased cytokeratin 6, β 1 integrin, proinflammatory metalloproteinases 2 and 9, IL1B and physiologic inhibitors of IL1B, the decoy receptor and receptor antagonist. Medial claw epidermis and dermis from limbs with lateral claws bearing podermatitis aseptica hemorrhagica circumscripta showed reductions in upstream MAPK/ERK signal elements and downstream targets that paralleled those in hemorrhagic lesions. Inhibitors of IL1B increased in the absence of real increases in inflammatory targets in the medial claw dermis and epidermis. Losses across multiple signal path elements and downstream targets were associated with negative effects on targeted transcripts supporting claw horn production and wound repair across lesion-bearing lateral claws and lesion-free medial claw dermis and epidermis. It was unclear if the sterile inflammation was causative or a consequence of these perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Reeder
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19717-1303
| | - D S Zarlenga
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - R M Dyer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19717-1303.
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7
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Reeder TL, Zarlenga DS, Zeigler AL, Dyer RM. Transcriptional responses consistent with perturbation in dermo-epidermal homeostasis in septic sole ulceration. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00843-9. [PMID: 38825108 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate transcriptional changes in sole epidermis and dermis of bovine claws with septic sole ulceration of the lateral claw. Assessment included changes in transcripts orchestrating epidermal homeostatic processes including epidermal proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and cell signaling. Sole epidermis and dermis was removed from region 4 of lesion-bearing lateral and lesion-free medial claws of pelvic limbs in multiparous, lactating Holstein cows. Control sole epidermis and dermis was obtained from region 4 of lateral claws of normal pelvic limbs. Transcript abundances were evaluated by real-time QPCR and relative expression analyzed by ANOVA. Relative to normal lateral claws, sole epidermis and dermis in ulcer-bearing claws exhibited downregulation of genes associated with growth factors, growth factor receptors, activator protein 1 (AP-1) and proto-oncogene (CMYC) transcription components, cell cycle elements, lateral cell-to-cell signaling elements and structures of early and late keratinocyte differentiation. These changes were accompanied by upregulation of pro-inflammatory transcripts interleukin 1 α (IL1A), interleukin1 β (IL1B), interleukin 1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), the inflammasome components NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), pyrin and caspase recruitment domain (PYCARD), and caspase-1 interleukin converting enzyme (CASPASE), the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), and anti-inflammatory genes interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) and interleukin1 receptor 2 (IL1R2). Transcript abundance varied across epidermis and dermis from the ulcer center, margin and epidermis and dermis adjacent to the lesion. Sole epidermis and dermis of lesion-free medial claws exhibited changes paralleling those in the adjacent lateral claws in an environment lacking inflammatory transcripts and downregulated IL1A, interleukin 18 (IL18), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFA) and NOS2. These data imply perturbations in signal pathways driving epidermal proliferation and differentiation are associated with, but not inevitably linked to epidermis and dermis inflammation. Further work is warranted to better define the role of crushing tissue injury, sepsis, metalloproteinase activity, and inflammation in sole ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Reeder
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303
| | - D S Zarlenga
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - A L Zeigler
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - R M Dyer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303.
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8
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Ramkumar N, Richardson C, O'Brien M, Butt FA, Park J, Chao AT, Bagnat M, Poss K, Di Talia S. Phased ERK-responsiveness and developmental robustness regulate teleost skin morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.13.593750. [PMID: 38798380 PMCID: PMC11118522 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.13.593750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Elongation of the vertebrate embryonic axis necessitates rapid expansion of the epidermis to accommodate the growth of underlying tissues. Here, we generated a toolkit to visualize and quantify signaling in entire cell populations of periderm, the outermost layer of the epidermis, in live developing zebrafish. We find that oriented cell divisions facilitate growth of the early periderm during axial elongation rather than cell addition from the basal layer. Activity levels of ERK, a downstream effector of MAPK pathway, gauged by a live biosensor, predicts cell cycle entry, and optogenetic ERK activation controls proliferation dynamics. As development proceeds, rates of peridermal cell proliferation decrease, ERK activity becomes more pulsatile and functionally transitions to promote hypertrophic cell growth. Targeted genetic blockade of cell division generates animals with oversized periderm cells, yet, unexpectedly, development to adulthood is not impaired. Our findings reveal stage-dependent differential responsiveness to ERK signaling and marked developmental robustness in growing teleost skin.
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9
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Simpson CL, Tiwaa A, Zaver SA, Johnson CJ, Chu EY, Harms PW, Gudjonsson JE. ERK hyperactivation in epidermal keratinocytes impairs intercellular adhesion and drives Grover disease pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591953. [PMID: 38746263 PMCID: PMC11092613 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Grover disease is an acquired dermatologic disorder characterized by pruritic vesicular and eroded skin lesions. While its pathologic features are well-defined, including impaired cohesion of epidermal keratinocytes, the etiology of Grover disease remains unclear and it lacks any FDA-approved therapy. Interestingly, drug-induced Grover disease occurs in patients treated with B-RAF inhibitors that can paradoxically activate C-RAF and the downstream kinase MEK. We recently identified hyperactivation of MEK and ERK as key drivers of Darier disease, which is histologically identical to Grover disease, supporting our hypothesis that they share a pathogenic mechanism. To model drug-induced Grover disease, we treated human keratinocytes with clinically utilized B-RAF inhibitors dabrafenib or vemurafenib and leveraged a fluorescent biosensor to confirm they activated ERK, which disrupted intercellular junctions and compromised keratinocyte sheet integrity. Consistent with clinical data showing concomitant MEK blockade prevents Grover disease in patients receiving B-RAF inhibitors, we found that MEK inhibition suppressed excess ERK activity to rescue cohesion of B-RAF-inhibited keratinocytes. Validating these results, we demonstrated ERK hyperactivation in skin biopsies of vemurafenib-induced Grover disease, but also in spontaneous Grover disease. In sum, our data define a pathogenic role for ERK hyperactivation in Grover disease and support MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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10
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Chauhan A, Gangopadhyay S, Sharma V, Singh S, Koshta K, Singh D, Ansari KM, Srivastava V. Prenatal arsenic exposure alters keratinocyte stem cell fate through persistent activation of IGF2R-MAPK cascade leading to aggravated skin carcinogenesis in mice offspring. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:817-833. [PMID: 38299738 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) promotes skin carcinogenesis in humans and potentially disturbs resident stem cell dynamics, particularly during maternal and early life exposure. In the present study, we demonstrate how only prenatal arsenic exposure disturbs keratinocyte stem cell (KSC) conditioning using a BALB/c mice model. Prenatal As exposure alters the normal stemness (CD34, KRT5), differentiation (Involucrin), and proliferation (PCNA) program in skin of offspring with progression of age as observed at 2, 10, and 18 weeks. Primary KSCs isolated from exposed animal at Day-2 showed increased survival (Bax:Bcl-xL, TUNEL assay), proliferation (BrdU), and differentiation (KRT5, Involucrin) potential through the activation of pro-carcinogenic IGF2R-MAPK cascade (IGF2R-G(α)q-MEK1-ERK1/2). This was associated with reduced enrichment of histone H3K27me3 and its methylase, EZH2 along with increased binding of demethylase, KDM6A at Igf2r promoter. Altered KSCs conditioning through disturbed Igf2r imprint contributed to impaired proliferation and differentiation and an aggravated tumor response in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Chauhan
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Siddhartha Gangopadhyay
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vineeta Sharma
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Sukhveer Singh
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kavita Koshta
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Dhirendra Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Animal Facility, ASSIST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Kausar M Ansari
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Vikas Srivastava
- Systems Toxicology Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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11
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Ram A, Murphy D, DeCuzzi N, Patankar M, Hu J, Pargett M, Albeck JG. A guide to ERK dynamics, part 2: downstream decoding. Biochem J 2023; 480:1909-1928. [PMID: 38038975 PMCID: PMC10754290 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway controls many cellular processes, including cell division, death, and differentiation. In this second installment of a two-part review, we address the question of how the ERK pathway exerts distinct and context-specific effects on multiple processes. We discuss how the dynamics of ERK activity induce selective changes in gene expression programs, with insights from both experiments and computational models. With a focus on single-cell biosensor-based studies, we summarize four major functional modes for ERK signaling in tissues: adjusting the size of cell populations, gradient-based patterning, wave propagation of morphological changes, and diversification of cellular gene expression states. These modes of operation are disrupted in cancer and other related diseases and represent potential targets for therapeutic intervention. By understanding the dynamic mechanisms involved in ERK signaling, there is potential for pharmacological strategies that not only simply inhibit ERK, but also restore functional activity patterns and improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhineet Ram
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Devan Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Nicholaus DeCuzzi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Madhura Patankar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jason Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Michael Pargett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - John G. Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
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12
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Jahin I, Phillips T, Marcotti S, Gorey MA, Cox S, Parsons M. Extracellular matrix stiffness activates mechanosensitive signals but limits breast cancer cell spheroid proliferation and invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1292775. [PMID: 38125873 PMCID: PMC10731024 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1292775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by physical changes that occur in the tumor microenvironment throughout growth and metastasis of tumors. Extracellular matrix stiffness increases as tumors develop and spread, with stiffer environments thought to correlate with poorer disease prognosis. Changes in extracellular stiffness and other physical characteristics are sensed by integrins which integrate these extracellular cues to intracellular signaling, resulting in modulation of proliferation and invasion. However, the co-ordination of mechano-sensitive signaling with functional changes to groups of tumor cells within 3-dimensional environments remains poorly understood. Here we provide evidence that increasing the stiffness of collagen scaffolds results in increased activation of ERK1/2 and YAP in human breast cancer cell spheroids. We also show that ERK1/2 acts upstream of YAP activation in this context. We further demonstrate that YAP, matrix metalloproteinases and actomyosin contractility are required for collagen remodeling, proliferation and invasion in lower stiffness scaffolds. However, the increased activation of these proteins in higher stiffness 3-dimensional collagen gels is correlated with reduced proliferation and reduced invasion of cancer cell spheroids. Our data collectively provide evidence that higher stiffness 3-dimensional environments induce mechano-signaling but contrary to evidence from 2-dimensional studies, this is not sufficient to promote pro-tumorigenic effects in breast cancer cell spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Nayak AN, Hirashima T. Tug-of-war via ERK signaling pathway for tissue organization - ERK activation to force generation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102249. [PMID: 37783032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a crucial role in regulating collective cell behaviors observed in diverse biological phenomena. Emerging studies have shed light on the involvement of the ERK signaling pathway in the reception and generation of mechanical forces, thereby governing local mechanical interactions within multicellular tissues. Although limited in number, studies have provided insights into how ERK-mediated mechanical interactions contribute to multicellular organization. Here we explore the impact of ERK-mediated mechanical interactions on tissue morphogenesis, cell extrusion in homeostasis, and their interplay with the physical microenvironments of the extracellular matrix. We conclude that the coupling system of ERK activity with mechanical forces offers a promising avenue to unravel the emergent collective dynamics underlying tissue organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Luo Y, Yamada M, N’Tumba-Byn T, Asif H, Gao M, Hu Y, Marangoni P, Liu Y, Evans T, Rafii S, Klein OD, Voss HU, Hadjantonakis AK, Elemento O, Martin LA, Seandel M. SPRY4-dependent ERK negative feedback demarcates functional adult stem cells in the male mouse germline†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:533-551. [PMID: 37552049 PMCID: PMC10577279 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Niche-derived growth factors support self-renewal of mouse spermatogonial stem and progenitor cells through ERK MAPK signaling and other pathways. At the same time, dysregulated growth factor-dependent signaling has been associated with loss of stem cell activity and aberrant differentiation. We hypothesized that growth factor signaling through the ERK MAPK pathway in spermatogonial stem cells is tightly regulated within a narrow range through distinct intracellular negative feedback regulators. Evaluation of candidate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-responsive genes known to dampen downstream signaling revealed robust induction of specific negative feedback regulators, including Spry4, in cultured mouse spermatogonial stem cells in response to glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor or fibroblast growth factor 2. Undifferentiated spermatogonia in vivo exhibited high levels of Spry4 mRNA. Quantitative single-cell analysis of ERK MAPK signaling in spermatogonial stem cell cultures revealed both dynamic signaling patterns in response to growth factors and disruption of such effects when Spry4 was ablated, due to dysregulation of ERK MAPK downstream of RAS. Whereas negative feedback regulator expression decreased during differentiation, loss of Spry4 shifted cell fate toward early differentiation with concomitant loss of stem cell activity. Finally, a mouse Spry4 reporter line revealed that the adult spermatogonial stem cell population in vivo is demarcated by strong Spry4 promoter activity. Collectively, our data suggest that negative feedback-dependent regulation of ERK MAPK is critical for preservation of spermatogonial stem cell fate within the mammalian testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Luo
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makiko Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hana Asif
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pauline Marangoni
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology, Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henning U Voss
- College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Anna-Katerina Hadjantonakis
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura A Martin
- The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Seandel
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Zaver SA, Sarkar MK, Egolf S, Zou J, Tiwaa A, Capell BC, Gudjonsson JE, Simpson CL. Targeting SERCA2 in organotypic epidermis reveals MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for Darier disease. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170739. [PMID: 37561594 PMCID: PMC10561730 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of the ATP2A2 gene encoding sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) was linked to Darier disease more than 2 decades ago; however, there remain no targeted therapies for this disorder causing recurrent skin blistering and infections. Since Atp2a2-knockout mice do not phenocopy its pathology, we established a human tissue model of Darier disease to elucidate its pathogenesis and identify potential therapies. Leveraging CRISPR/Cas9, we generated human keratinocytes lacking SERCA2, which replicated features of Darier disease, including weakened intercellular adhesion and defective differentiation in organotypic epidermis. To identify pathogenic drivers downstream of SERCA2 depletion, we performed RNA sequencing and proteomics analysis. SERCA2-deficient keratinocytes lacked desmosomal and cytoskeletal proteins required for epidermal integrity and exhibited excess MAPK signaling, which modulates keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation. Immunostaining patient biopsies substantiated these findings, with lesions showing keratin deficiency, cadherin mislocalization, and ERK hyperphosphorylation. Dampening ERK activity with MEK inhibitors rescued adhesive protein expression and restored keratinocyte sheet integrity despite SERCA2 depletion or chemical inhibition. In sum, coupling multiomic analysis with human organotypic epidermis as a preclinical model, we found that SERCA2 haploinsufficiency disrupts critical adhesive components in keratinocytes via ERK signaling and identified MEK inhibition as a treatment strategy for Darier disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam A. Zaver
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, and
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mrinal K. Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shaun Egolf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Zou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Afua Tiwaa
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Brian C. Capell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Cory L. Simpson
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, and
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Nałęcz-Jawecki P, Gagliardi PA, Kochańczyk M, Dessauges C, Pertz O, Lipniacki T. The MAPK/ERK channel capacity exceeds 6 bit/hour. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011155. [PMID: 37216347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Living cells utilize signaling pathways to sense, transduce, and process information. As the extracellular stimulation often has rich temporal characteristics which may govern dynamic cellular responses, it is important to quantify the rate of information flow through the signaling pathways. In this study, we used an epithelial cell line expressing a light-activatable FGF receptor and an ERK activity reporter to assess the ability of the MAPK/ERK pathway to transduce signal encoded in a sequence of pulses. By stimulating the cells with random light pulse trains, we demonstrated that the MAPK/ERK channel capacity is at least 6 bits per hour. The input reconstruction algorithm detects the light pulses with 1-min accuracy 5 min after their occurrence. The high information transmission rate may enable the pathway to coordinate multiple processes including cell movement and respond to rapidly varying stimuli such as chemoattracting gradients created by other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Nałęcz-Jawecki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marek Kochańczyk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Lipniacki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Zaver SA, Sarkar MK, Egolf S, Zou J, Tiwaa A, Capell BC, Gudjonsson JE, Simpson CL. Targeting SERCA2 in organotypic epidermis reveals MEK inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for Darier disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531620. [PMID: 36945477 PMCID: PMC10028894 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutation of the ATP2A2 gene encoding sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) was linked to Darier disease more than two decades ago; however, there remain no targeted therapies for this disorder causing recurrent skin blistering and infections. Since Atp2a2 knockout mice do not phenocopy its pathology, we established a human tissue model of Darier disease to elucidate its pathogenesis and identify potential therapies. Leveraging CRISPR/Cas9, we generated human keratinocytes lacking SERCA2, which replicated features of Darier disease, including weakened intercellular adhesion and defective differentiation in organotypic epidermis. To identify pathogenic drivers downstream of SERCA2 depletion, we performed RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis. SERCA2-deficient keratinocytes lacked desmosomal and cytoskeletal proteins required for epidermal integrity and exhibited excess MAP kinase signaling, which modulates keratinocyte adhesion and differentiation. Immunostaining patient biopsies substantiated these findings with lesions showing keratin deficiency, cadherin mis-localization, and ERK hyper-phosphorylation. Dampening ERK activity with MEK inhibitors rescued adhesive protein expression and restored keratinocyte sheet integrity despite SERCA2 depletion or chemical inhibition. In sum, coupling multi-omic analysis with human organotypic epidermis as a pre-clinical model, we found that SERCA2 haploinsufficiency disrupts critical adhesive components in keratinocytes via ERK signaling and identified MEK inhibition as a treatment strategy for Darier disease.
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18
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Zaver SA, Johnson CJ, Berndt A, Simpson CL. Live Imaging with Genetically Encoded Physiologic Sensors and Optogenetic Tools. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:353-361.e4. [PMID: 36822769 PMCID: PMC9972253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Barrier tissues such as the epidermis employ complex signal transduction systems to execute morphogenetic programs and to rapidly respond to environmental cues to promote homeostasis. Recent advances in live-imaging techniques and tools allow precise spatial and temporal monitoring and manipulation of intracellular signaling cascades. Leveraging the chemistry of naturally occurring light-sensitive proteins, genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors have emerged as robust tools for visualizing dynamic signaling events. In contrast, optogenetic protein constructs permit laser-mediated control of signal receptors and effectors within live cells, organoids, and even model organisms. In this paper, we review the basic principles underlying novel biosensors and optogenetic tools and highlight how recent studies in cutaneous biology have leveraged these imaging strategies to illuminate the spatiotemporal signals regulating epidermal development, barrier formation, and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam A Zaver
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andre Berndt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cory L Simpson
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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19
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Xie S, Choudhari S, Wu CL, Abramson K, Corcoran D, Gregory SG, Thimmapuram J, Guilak F, Little D. Aging and obesity prime the methylome and transcriptome of adipose stem cells for disease and dysfunction. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22785. [PMID: 36794668 PMCID: PMC10561192 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201413r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The epigenome of stem cells occupies a critical interface between genes and environment, serving to regulate expression through modification by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We hypothesized that aging and obesity, which represent major risk factors for a variety of diseases, synergistically modify the epigenome of adult adipose stem cells (ASCs). Using integrated RNA- and targeted bisulfite-sequencing in murine ASCs from lean and obese mice at 5- and 12-months of age, we identified global DNA hypomethylation with either aging or obesity, and a synergistic effect of aging combined with obesity. The transcriptome of ASCs in lean mice was relatively stable to the effects of age, but this was not true in obese mice. Functional pathway analyses identified a subset of genes with critical roles in progenitors and in diseases of obesity and aging. Specifically, Mapt, Nr3c2, App, and Ctnnb1 emerged as potential hypomethylated upstream regulators in both aging and obesity (AL vs. YL and AO vs. YO), and App, Ctnnb1, Hipk2, Id2, and Tp53 exhibited additional effects of aging in obese animals. Furthermore, Foxo3 and Ccnd1 were potential hypermethylated upstream regulators of healthy aging (AL vs. YL), and of the effects of obesity in young animals (YO vs. YL), suggesting that these factors could play a role in accelerated aging with obesity. Finally, we identified candidate driver genes that appeared recurrently in all analyses and comparisons undertaken. Further mechanistic studies are needed to validate the roles of these genes capable of priming ASCs for dysfunction in aging- and obesity-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun Xie
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, 1022 Young Hall, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Sulbha Choudhari
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, 1022 Young Hall, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Bioinformatics and Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD 2170
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14611
| | - Karen Abramson
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701
| | - David Corcoran
- Genomic Analysis and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, 101 Science Drive, Duke University Medical Center Box 3382, Durham, NC 27708
- Lineberger Bioinformatics Core, 5200 Marsico Hall, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516
| | - Simon G. Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 North Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, 311 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jyothi Thimmapuram
- Bioinformatics Core, Purdue University, 1022 Young Hall, 155 S. Grant Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 4515 McKinley Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave, St. Louis Missouri 63110
| | - Dianne Little
- Departments of Basic Medical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 2186 Lynn Hall, 625 Harrison St, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026
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20
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Müller L, Keil R, Hatzfeld M. Plakophilin 3 facilitates G1/S phase transition and enhances proliferation by capturing RB protein in the cytoplasm and promoting EGFR signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112031. [PMID: 36689330 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Plakophilin 3 (PKP3) is a component of desmosomes and is frequently overexpressed in cancer. Using keratinocytes either lacking or overexpressing PKP3, we identify a signaling axis from ERK to the retinoblastoma (RB) protein and the E2F1 transcription factor that is controlled by PKP3. RB and E2F1 are key components controlling G1/S transition in the cell cycle. We show that PKP3 stimulates the activity of ERK and its target RSK1. This inhibits expression of the transcription factor RUNX3, a positive regulator of the CDK inhibitor CDKN1A/p21, which is also downregulated by PKP3. Elevated CDKN1A prevents RB phosphorylation and E2F1 target gene expression, leading to delayed S phase entry and reduced proliferation in PKP3-depleted cells. Elevated PKP3 expression not only increases ERK activity but also captures phosphorylated RB (phospho-RB) in the cytoplasm to promote E2F1 activity and cell-cycle progression. These data identify a mechanism by which PKP3 promotes proliferation and acts as an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Müller
- Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin Luther University Halle, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department for Pathobiochemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - René Keil
- Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin Luther University Halle, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department for Pathobiochemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin Luther University Halle, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department for Pathobiochemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3A, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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21
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Hart A, Nguyen LK. Meta-Dynamic Network Modelling for Biochemical Networks. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2634:167-189. [PMID: 37074579 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3008-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
ODE modelling requires accurate knowledge of parameter and state variable values to deliver accurate and robust predictions. Parameters and state variables, however, are rarely static and immutable entities, especially in a biological context. This observation undermines the predictions made by ODE models that rely on specific parameter and state variable values and limits the contexts in which their predictions remain accurate and useful. Meta-dynamic network (MDN) modelling is a technique that can be synergistically integrated into an ODE modelling pipeline to assist in overcoming these limitations. The core mechanic of MDN modelling is the generation of a large number of model instances, each with a unique set of parameters and/or state variable values, followed by the simulation of each to determine how parameter and state variable variation affects protein dynamics. This process reveals the range of possible protein dynamics for a given network topology. Since MDN modelling is integrated with traditional ODE modelling, it can also be used to investigate the underlying causal mechanics. This technique is particularly suited to the investigation of network behaviors in systems that are highly heterogenous or systems wherein the network properties can change over time. MDN is a collection of principles rather than a strict protocol, so in this chapter, we have introduced the core principles using an example, the Hippo-ERK crosstalk signalling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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22
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Boe RH, Ayyappan V, Schuh L, Raj A. Allelic correlation is a marker of trade-offs between barriers to transmission of expression variability and signal responsiveness in genetic networks. Cell Syst 2022; 13:1016-1032.e6. [PMID: 36450286 PMCID: PMC9811561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic networks should respond to signals but prevent the transmission of spontaneous fluctuations. Limited data from mammalian cells suggest that noise transmission is uncommon, but systematic claims about noise transmission have been limited by the inability to directly measure it. Here, we build a mathematical framework modeling allelic correlation and noise transmission, showing that allelic correlation and noise transmission correspond across model parameters and network architectures. Limiting noise transmission comes with the trade-off of being unresponsive to signals, and within responsive regimes, there is a further trade-off between response time and basal noise transmission. Analysis of allele-specific single-cell RNA-sequencing data revealed that genes encoding upstream factors in signaling pathways and cell-type-specific factors have higher allelic correlation than downstream factors, suggesting they are more subject to regulation. Overall, our findings suggest that some noise transmission must result from signal responsiveness, but it can be minimized by trading off for a slower response. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Boe
- Genetics and Epigenetics, Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lea Schuh
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Arjun Raj
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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23
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Yang XC, Wu XL, Li WH, Wu XJ, Shen QY, Li YX, Peng S, Hua JL. OCT6 inhibits differentiation of porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells through MAPK and PI3K signaling regulation. Zool Res 2022; 43:911-922. [PMID: 36052561 PMCID: PMC9700490 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As a transcription factor of the Pit-Oct-Unc (POU) domain family, octamer-binding transcription factor 6 ( OCT6) participates in various aspects of stem cell development and differentiation. At present, however, its role in porcine-induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs) remains unclear. Here, we explored the function of OCT6 in piPSCs. We found that piPSCs overexpressing OCT6 maintained colony morphology and pluripotency under differentiation conditions, with a similar gene expression pattern to that of non-differentiated piPSCs. Functional analysis revealed that OCT6 attenuated the adverse effects of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway inhibition on piPSC pluripotency by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling activity. Our research sheds new light on the mechanism by which OCT6 promotes PSC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yun-Xiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jin-Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
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24
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Lee JJ, Ng HY, Lin YH, Liu EW, Lin TJ, Chiu HT, Ho XR, Yang HA, Shie MY. The 3D printed conductive grooved topography hydrogel combined with electrical stimulation for synergistically enhancing wound healing of dermal fibroblast cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213132. [PMID: 36215748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients with extensive cutaneous damage resulting from poor wound healing often have other comorbidities such as diabetes that may lead to impaired skin functions and scar formation. Many recent studies have shown that the application of electrical stimulation (ES) to cutaneous lesions significantly improves skin regeneration via activation of AKT intracellular signaling cascades and secretion of regeneration-related growth factors. In this study, we fabricated varying concentrations of gelatin-methacrylate (GelMa) hydrogels with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT): polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), which is a conductive material commonly used in tissue engineering due to its efficiency among conductive thermo-elastic materials. The results showed successful modification of PEDOT:PSS with GelMa while retaining the original structural characteristics of the GelMa hydrogels. In addition, the incorporation of PEDOT:PSS increased the interactions between both the materials, thus leading to enhanced mechanical strength, improved swelling ratio, and decreased hydrophilicity of the scaffolds. Our GelMa/PEDOT:PSS scaffolds were designed to have micro-grooves on the surfaces of the scaffolds for the purpose of directional guiding. In addition, our scaffolds were shown to have excellent electrical conductivity, thus leading to enhanced cellular proliferation and directional migration and orientation of human dermal fibroblasts. In vivo studies revealed that the GelMa/PEDOT:PSS scaffolds with electrical stimulation were able to induce full skin thickness regeneration, as seen from the various stainings. These results indicate the potential of GelMa/PEDOT:PSS as an electro-conductive biomaterial for future skin regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jr Lee
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
| | - Hooi Yee Ng
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hong Lin
- The Ph.D. Program for Medical Engineering and Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - En-Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 40447, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ting Chiu
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Rong Ho
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City 406040, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-An Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan; x-Dimension Center for Medical Research and Translation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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25
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Stern AD, Smith GR, Santos LC, Sarmah D, Zhang X, Lu X, Iuricich F, Pandey G, Iyengar R, Birtwistle MR. Relating individual cell division events to single-cell ERK and Akt activity time courses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18077. [PMID: 36302844 PMCID: PMC9613772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical correlates of stochastic single-cell fates have been elusive, even for the well-studied mammalian cell cycle. We monitored single-cell dynamics of the ERK and Akt pathways, critical cell cycle progression hubs and anti-cancer drug targets, and paired them to division events in the same single cells using the non-transformed MCF10A epithelial line. Following growth factor treatment, in cells that divide both ERK and Akt activities are significantly higher within the S-G2 time window (~ 8.5-40 h). Such differences were much smaller in the pre-S-phase, restriction point window which is traditionally associated with ERK and Akt activity dependence, suggesting unappreciated roles for ERK and Akt in S through G2. Simple metrics of central tendency in this time window are associated with subsequent cell division fates. ERK activity was more strongly associated with division fates than Akt activity, suggesting Akt activity dynamics may contribute less to the decision driving cell division in this context. We also find that ERK and Akt activities are less correlated with each other in cells that divide. Network reconstruction experiments demonstrated that this correlation behavior was likely not due to crosstalk, as ERK and Akt do not interact in this context, in contrast to other transformed cell types. Overall, our findings support roles for ERK and Akt activity throughout the cell cycle as opposed to just before the restriction point, and suggest ERK activity dynamics may be more important than Akt activity dynamics for driving cell division in this non-transformed context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Stern
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory R Smith
- Department of Neurology, Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis C Santos
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepraj Sarmah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Gaurav Pandey
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ravi Iyengar
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc R Birtwistle
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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26
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Negri VA, Watt FM. Understanding Human Epidermal Stem Cells at Single-Cell Resolution. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2061-2067. [PMID: 35570025 PMCID: PMC9826868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The human epidermis is one of the first tissues in which the existence of stem cells was recognized and is one of the few in which ex vivo expansion for tissue repair is established clinically. Nevertheless, the nature of stem cells has been elusive. Using clonal growth assays of cultured keratinocytes as a quantitative measure of their abundance, several candidate stem cell markers have been described. Recently, the volume and quality of single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets have increased exponentially, providing new opportunities to explore the nature of epidermal stem cells and test the validity of in vitro experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Augusti Negri
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Watt
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,Directors' Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,Correspondence: Fiona M. Watt, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King’s College London, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
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27
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Towards 'end-to-end' analysis and understanding of biological timecourse data. Biochem J 2022; 479:1257-1263. [PMID: 35713413 PMCID: PMC9246344 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Petabytes of increasingly complex and multidimensional live cell and tissue imaging data are generated every year. These videos hold large promise for understanding biology at a deep and fundamental level, as they capture single-cell and multicellular events occurring over time and space. However, the current modalities for analysis and mining of these data are scattered and user-specific, preventing more unified analyses from being performed over different datasets and obscuring possible scientific insights. Here, we propose a unified pipeline for storage, segmentation, analysis, and statistical parametrization of live cell imaging datasets.
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28
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Huang S, Wang X, Zhang M, Huang M, Yan Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xu J, Bu L, Fan R, Tang H, Zeng C, Zhang L, Zhang L. Activin B-activated Cdc42 signaling plays a key role in regulating adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-mediated skin wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:248. [PMID: 35690801 PMCID: PMC9188063 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, activin B in combination with ADSCs enhances skin wound healing. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well studied. Cdc42 is recognized to play a critical role in the regulation of stem cells. METHODS Pull-down assay was performed to investigate the activity of Cdc42. The dominant-negative mutant of Cdc42 (Cdc42N17) was used to explore the role of Cdc42 in activin B-induced ADSCs migration, proliferation, and secretion in vitro. Cdc42N17-transfected ADSCs were injected into a full-thickness excisional wound model to explore their efficiency in wound healing in vivo. The wound healing efficacy was evaluated by the wound closure rates and histological examination. The neovascularization and wound contraction were detected by immunohistochemistry staining of CD31 and α-SMA. Finally, the underlying mechanisms were explored by RNA sequencing. RESULTS Cdc42N17 inhibited ADSCs migration, proliferation, and secretion induced by activin B. Furthermore, Cdc42N17-transfected ADSCs inhibited the wound closure rate and suppressed the expression of CD31 and α-SMA induced by activin B in vivo. The RNA sequencing showed that the differentially expressed genes in Cdc42N17-transfected ADSCs versus ADSCs were associated with cell migration, proliferation, and adhesion. Further study revealed that the Cdc42-Erk-Srf pathway was required for activin B-induced proliferation in ADSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that Cdc42 plays a crucial role in ADSCs-mediated skin wound healing induced by activin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueer Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Mianbo Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingwei Bu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Tang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Canjun Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Signaling oscillations in embryonic development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:341-372. [PMID: 35606060 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tight spatiotemporal control of cellular behavior and cell fate decisions is paramount to the formation of multicellular organisms during embryonic development. Intercellular communication via signaling pathways mediates this control. Interestingly, these signaling pathways are not static, but dynamic and change in activity over time. Signaling oscillations as a specific type of dynamics are found in various signaling pathways and model systems. Functions of oscillations include the regulation of periodic events or the transmission of information by encoding signals in the dynamic properties of a signaling pathway. For instance, signaling oscillations in neural or pancreatic progenitor cells modulate their proliferation and differentiation. Oscillations between neighboring cells can also be synchronized, leading to the emergence of waves traveling through the tissue. Such population-wide signaling oscillations regulate for example the consecutive segmentation of vertebrate embryos, a process called somitogenesis. Here, we outline our current understanding of signaling oscillations in embryonic development, how signaling oscillations are generated, how they are studied and how they contribute to the regulation of embryonic development.
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30
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Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies a migratory keratinocyte subpopulation expressing THBS1 in epidermal wound healing. iScience 2022; 25:104130. [PMID: 35391830 PMCID: PMC8980802 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte differentiation is an intricate process that is regulated by multiple mediators. Using cultured human keratinocytes, we found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) induced the differentiation of a previously unsuspected keratinocyte subpopulation expressing the extracellular matrix protein, thrombospondin-1 (THBS1). This action of LPA was mediated by the RHO/ROCK-SRF signaling downstream of LPA1 and LPA5 receptors and required ERK activity. Suppression of THBS1 in vitro suggested a migratory role of THBS1+ keratinocytes. Moreover, we analyzed publicly deposited single-cell RNA sequencing dataset and identified Thbs1-expressing keratinocytes in the mouse wound skin. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that Thbs1+ keratinocytes were apparently differentiated from basal keratinocytes upon wounding, subsequently polarized and migrated suprabasally toward the wound front, and eventually underwent terminal differentiation in the neo-epidermis. Importantly, inhibition of Erk activity suppressed Thbs1+ keratinocyte differentiation in wound healing. Based on these findings, we suggest that THBS1+ keratinocyte is a migratory keratinocyte subpopulation that facilitates epidermal wound healing. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a keratinocyte subpopulation expressing THBS1 LPA and ERK activity are required for the induction of THBS1+ keratinocyte Thbs1+ keratinocytes are differentiated from basal keratinocytes upon epidermal wounding Thbs1+ keratinocytes are migratory cells and may contribute to epidermal wound healing
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31
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Bioimaging approaches for quantification of individual cell behavior during cell fate decisions. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:513-527. [PMID: 35166330 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tracking individual cells has allowed a new understanding of cellular behavior in human health and disease by adding a dynamic component to the already complex heterogeneity of single cells. Technically, despite countless advances, numerous experimental variables can affect data collection and interpretation and need to be considered. In this review, we discuss the main technical aspects and biological findings in the analysis of the behavior of individual cells. We discuss the most relevant contributions provided by these approaches in clinically relevant human conditions like embryo development, stem cells biology, inflammation, cancer and microbiology, along with the cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways underlying these conditions. We also discuss the key technical aspects to be considered when planning and performing experiments involving the analysis of individual cells over long periods. Despite the challenges in automatic detection, features extraction and long-term tracking that need to be tackled, the potential impact of single-cell bioimaging is enormous in understanding the pathogenesis and development of new therapies in human pathophysiology.
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32
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Yang S, McAdow J, Du Y, Trigg J, Taghert PH, Johnson AN. Spatiotemporal expression of regulatory kinases directs the transition from mitosis to cellular morphogenesis in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2022; 13:772. [PMID: 35140224 PMCID: PMC8828718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryogenesis depends on a tightly regulated balance between mitosis, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Understanding how the embryo uses a relatively small number of proteins to transition between growth and morphogenesis is a central question of developmental biology, but the mechanisms controlling mitosis and differentiation are considered to be fundamentally distinct. Here we show the mitotic kinase Polo, which regulates all steps of mitosis in Drosophila, also directs cellular morphogenesis after cell cycle exit. In mitotic cells, the Aurora kinases activate Polo to control a cytoskeletal regulatory module that directs cytokinesis. We show that in the post-mitotic mesoderm, the control of Polo activity transitions from the Aurora kinases to the uncharacterized kinase Back Seat Driver (Bsd), where Bsd and Polo cooperate to regulate muscle morphogenesis. Polo and its effectors therefore direct mitosis and cellular morphogenesis, but the transition from growth to morphogenesis is determined by the spatiotemporal expression of upstream activating kinases. The mechanisms regulating mitosis and differentiation during development are thought to be distinct. Here they show that in Drosophila the mitotic kinase Polo regulates cellular morphogenesis after cell cycle exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer McAdow
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yingqiu Du
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jennifer Trigg
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Paul H Taghert
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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33
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Live imaging approach of dynamic multicellular responses in ERK signaling during vertebrate tissue development. Biochem J 2022; 479:129-143. [PMID: 35050327 PMCID: PMC8883488 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemical and mechanical responses of cells via the exchange of information during growth and development result in the formation of biological tissues. Information processing within the cells through the signaling pathways and networks inherent to the constituent cells has been well-studied. However, the cell signaling mechanisms responsible for generating dynamic multicellular responses in developing tissues remain unclear. Here, I review the dynamic multicellular response systems during the development and growth of vertebrate tissues based on the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. First, an overview of the function of the ERK signaling network in cells is provided, followed by descriptions of biosensors essential for live imaging of the quantification of ERK activity in tissues. Then adducing four examples, I highlight the contribution of live imaging techniques for studying the involvement of spatio-temporal patterns of ERK activity change in tissue development and growth. In addition, theoretical implications of ERK signaling are also discussed from the viewpoint of dynamic systems. This review might help in understanding ERK-mediated dynamic multicellular responses and tissue morphogenesis.
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34
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Vietri Rudan M, Watt FM. Mammalian Epidermis: A Compendium of Lipid Functionality. Front Physiol 2022; 12:804824. [PMID: 35095565 PMCID: PMC8791442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.804824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian epidermis is a striking example of the role of lipids in tissue biology. In this stratified epithelium, highly specialized structures are formed that leverage the hydrophobic properties of lipids to form an impermeable barrier and protect the humid internal environment of the body from the dry outside. This is achieved through tightly regulated lipid synthesis that generates the molecular species unique to the tissue. Beyond their fundamental structural role, lipids are involved in the active protection of the body from external insults. Lipid species present on the surface of the body possess antimicrobial activity and directly contribute to shaping the commensal microbiota. Lipids belonging to a variety of classes are also involved in the signaling events that modulate the immune responses to environmental stress as well as differentiation of the epidermal keratinocytes themselves. Recently, high-resolution methods are beginning to provide evidence for the involvement of newly identified specific lipid molecules in the regulation of epidermal homeostasis. In this review we give an overview of the wide range of biological functions of mammalian epidermal lipids.
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35
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Zijl S, Salameti V, Louis B, Negri VA, Watt FM. Dynamic regulation of human epidermal differentiation by adhesive and mechanical forces. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:129-148. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Substratum stiffness regulates Erk signaling dynamics through receptor-level control. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110181. [PMID: 34965432 PMCID: PMC8756379 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The EGFR/Erk pathway is triggered by extracellular ligand stimulation, leading to stimulus-dependent dynamics of pathway activity. Although mechanical properties of the microenvironment also affect Erk activity, their effects on Erk signaling dynamics are poorly understood. Here, we characterize how the stiffness of the underlying substratum affects Erk signaling dynamics in mammary epithelial cells. We find that soft microenvironments attenuate Erk signaling, both at steady state and in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Optogenetic manipulation at multiple signaling nodes reveals that intracellular signal transmission is largely unaffected by substratum stiffness. Instead, we find that soft microenvironments decrease EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and alter the amount and spatial distribution of EGF binding at cell membranes. Our data demonstrate that the mechanical microenvironment tunes Erk signaling dynamics via receptor-ligand interactions, underscoring how multiple microenvironmental signals are jointly processed through a highly conserved pathway that regulates tissue development, homeostasis, and disease progression.
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37
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Signalling dynamics in embryonic development. Biochem J 2021; 478:4045-4070. [PMID: 34871368 PMCID: PMC8718268 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cellular behaviour is tightly regulated to allow proper embryonic development and maintenance of adult tissue. A critical component in this control is the communication between cells via signalling pathways, as errors in intercellular communication can induce developmental defects or diseases such as cancer. It has become clear over the last years that signalling is not static but varies in activity over time. Feedback mechanisms present in every signalling pathway lead to diverse dynamic phenotypes, such as transient activation, signal ramping or oscillations, occurring in a cell type- and stage-dependent manner. In cells, such dynamics can exert various functions that allow organisms to develop in a robust and reproducible way. Here, we focus on Erk, Wnt and Notch signalling pathways, which are dynamic in several tissue types and organisms, including the periodic segmentation of vertebrate embryos, and are often dysregulated in cancer. We will discuss how biochemical processes influence their dynamics and how these impact on cellular behaviour within multicellular systems.
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38
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Sun Q, Zhou Y, Xiong M, Chen Y, Tan WS, Cai H. MEK1 activation enhances the ex vivo proliferation of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 40:79-89. [PMID: 34855220 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) integrates intracellular signal network from growth factors (GFs) and utilizes its proliferation feature to generate high yields of transplantable cells upon ex vivo culture. However, the molecular basis for HSPC activation and proliferation is not completely understood. The goal of this study was to investigate proliferation regulator in the downstream of GFs and develop HSPC expansion strategy. Microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were performed to evaluate differentially expressed genes in cytokine-induced CD34+ cells after ex vivo culture. We identified that MEK1 was a potential HSPC proliferation regulator, which represented indispensable roles and MEK1 silence attenuated the proliferation of HSPC. Notably, 500 nM MEK1 agonist, PAF C-16, increased the numbers of phenotypic HSPC and induced cell cycling of HSPC. The PAF C-16 expanded HSPC demonstrated comparative clonal formation ability and secondary expansion capacity compared to the vehicle control. Our results provide insights into regulating the balance between proliferation and commitment of HSPC by targeting the HSPC proliferation-controlling network. This study demonstrates that MEK1 critically regulates HSPC proliferation and cell production in the ex vivo condition for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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39
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Mast1 mediates radiation-induced gastric injury via the P38 MAPK pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112913. [PMID: 34774870 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced gastric injury is a serious adverse effect and reduces the efficacy of radiotherapy treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced stomach injury remain unclear. Here, mouse stomach and gastric epithelial cells were irradiated with different doses of X-ray radiation. The results showed that radiation induced gastric injury in vivo and in vitro. Differentially expressed functional mRNAs in irradiation-induced gastric tissues were screened from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We found that the expression of microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase 1 (Mast1) was downregulated in mouse gastric tissues and gastric epithelial cells after irradiation. Furthermore, functional assays showed that knockdown of Mast1 inhibited growth and promoted apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells, while overexpression of Mast1 protected gastric epithelial cells from radiation damage. Mechanistically, Mast1 negatively regulated radiation-induced injury in gastric epithelial cells by inhibiting the activation of P38. The apoptosis caused by knockdown of Mast1 in gastric epithelial cells could be partially reversed by the P38 inhibitor SB203580. Moreover, data from several gastric cancer cell lines and online databases revealed that Mast1 was not involved in the development of gastric cancer. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Mast1 is essential for radiation-induced gastric injury, providing a promising prognostic and therapeutic target.
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40
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Cell-Cell Communication Networks in Tissue: Toward Quantitatively Linking Structure with Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27. [PMID: 34693081 DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Forefront techniques for molecular interrogation of mammalian tissues, such as multiplexed tissue imaging, intravital microscopy, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), can combine to quantify cell-type abundance, co-localization, and global levels of receptors and their ligands. Nonetheless, it remains challenging to translate these various quantities into a more comprehensive understanding of how cell-cell communication networks dynamically operate. Therefore, construction of computational models for network-level functions - including niche-dependent actions, homeostasis, and multi-scale coordination - will be valuable for productively integrating the battery of experimental approaches. Here, we review recent progress in understanding cell-cell communication networks in tissue. Featured examples include ligand-receptor dissection of immunosuppressive and mitogenic signaling in the tumor microenvironment. As a future direction, we highlight an unmet potential to bridge high-level statistical approaches with low-level physicochemical mechanisms.
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Verma A, Jena SG, Isakov DR, Aoki K, Toettcher JE, Engelhardt BE. A self-exciting point process to study multicellular spatial signaling patterns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2026123118. [PMID: 34362843 PMCID: PMC8364135 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms rely on spatial signaling among cells to drive their organization, development, and response to stimuli. Several models have been proposed to capture the behavior of spatial signaling in multicellular systems, but existing approaches fail to capture both the autonomous behavior of single cells and the interactions of a cell with its neighbors simultaneously. We propose a spatiotemporal model of dynamic cell signaling based on Hawkes processes-self-exciting point processes-that model the signaling processes within a cell and spatial couplings between cells. With this cellular point process (CPP), we capture both the single-cell pathway activation rate and the magnitude and duration of signaling between cells relative to their spatial location. Furthermore, our model captures tissues composed of heterogeneous cell types with different bursting rates and signaling behaviors across multiple signaling proteins. We apply our model to epithelial cell systems that exhibit a range of autonomous and spatial signaling behaviors basally and under pharmacological exposure. Our model identifies known drug-induced signaling deficits, characterizes signaling changes across a wound front, and generalizes to multichannel observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archit Verma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Siddhartha G Jena
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Danielle R Isakov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- National Institute of Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- International Research Collaboration Center, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Barbara E Engelhardt
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540;
- Center for Statistics and Machine Learning, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
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Weterings SDC, van Oostrom MJ, Sonnen KF. Building bridges between fields: bringing together development and homeostasis. Development 2021; 148:270964. [PMID: 34279592 PMCID: PMC8326920 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite striking parallels between the fields of developmental biology and adult tissue homeostasis, these are disconnected in contemporary research. Although development describes tissue generation and homeostasis describes tissue maintenance, it is the balance between stem cell proliferation and differentiation that coordinates both processes. Upstream signalling regulates this balance to achieve the required outcome at the population level. Both development and homeostasis require tight regulation of stem cells at the single-cell level and establishment of patterns at the tissue-wide level. Here, we emphasize that the general principles of embryonic development and tissue homeostasis are similar, and argue that interactions between these disciplines will be beneficial for both research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja D C Weterings
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marek J van Oostrom
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina F Sonnen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Murphy KJ, Reed DA, Trpceski M, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Quantifying and visualising the nuances of cellular dynamics in vivo using intravital imaging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:41-53. [PMID: 34091131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intravital imaging is a powerful technology used to quantify and track dynamic changes in live cells and tissues within an intact environment. The ability to watch cell biology in real-time 'as it happens' has provided novel insight into tissue homeostasis, as well as disease initiation, progression and response to treatment. In this minireview, we highlight recent advances in the field of intravital microscopy, touching upon advances in awake versus anaesthesia-based approaches, as well as the integration of biosensors into intravital imaging. We also discuss current challenges that, in our opinion, need to be overcome to further advance the field of intravital imaging at the single-cell, subcellular and molecular resolution to reveal nuances of cell behaviour that can be targeted in complex disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendelle J Murphy
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Daniel A Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Trpceski
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Paul Timpson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research & The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Theme, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Wu XL, Zhu ZS, Xiao X, Zhou Z, Yu S, Shen QY, Zhang JQ, Yue W, Zhang R, He X, Peng S, Zhang SQ, Li N, Liao MZ, Hua JL. LIN28A inhibits DUSP family phosphatases and activates MAPK signaling pathway to maintain pluripotency in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells. Zool Res 2021; 42:377-388. [PMID: 33998185 PMCID: PMC8175949 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LIN28A, an RNA-binding protein, plays an important role in porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (piPSCs). However, the molecular mechanism underlying the function of LIN28A in the maintenance of pluripotency in piPSCs remains unclear. Here, we explored the function of LIN28A in piPSCs based on its overexpression and knockdown. We performed total RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of piPSCs and detected the expression levels of relevant genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. Results indicated that piPSC proliferation ability decreased following LIN28A knockdown. Furthermore, when LIN28A expression in the shLIN28A2 group was lower (by 20%) than that in the negative control knockdown group (shNC), the pluripotency of piPSCs disappeared and they differentiated into neuroectoderm cells. Results also showed that LIN28A overexpression inhibited the expression of DUSP (dual-specificity phosphatases) family phosphatases and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Thus, LIN28A appears to activate the MAPK signaling pathway to maintain the pluripotency and proliferation ability of piPSCs. Our study provides a new resource for exploring the functions of LIN28A in piPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhen-Shuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xia Xiao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiao-Yan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ju-Qing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Ming-Zhi Liao
- College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
| | - Jin-Lian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. E-mail:
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Krishnan M, Kumar S, Kangale LJ, Ghigo E, Abnave P. The Act of Controlling Adult Stem Cell Dynamics: Insights from Animal Models. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050667. [PMID: 33946143 PMCID: PMC8144950 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) are the undifferentiated cells that possess self-renewal and differentiation abilities. They are present in all major organ systems of the body and are uniquely reserved there during development for tissue maintenance during homeostasis, injury, and infection. They do so by promptly modulating the dynamics of proliferation, differentiation, survival, and migration. Any imbalance in these processes may result in regeneration failure or developing cancer. Hence, the dynamics of these various behaviors of ASCs need to always be precisely controlled. Several genetic and epigenetic factors have been demonstrated to be involved in tightly regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of ASCs. Understanding these mechanisms is of great importance, given the role of stem cells in regenerative medicine. Investigations on various animal models have played a significant part in enriching our knowledge and giving In Vivo in-sight into such ASCs regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we have discussed the recent In Vivo studies demonstrating the role of various genetic factors in regulating dynamics of different ASCs viz. intestinal stem cells (ISCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and epidermal stem cells (Ep-SCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Krishnan
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Gurgaon-Faridabad Ex-pressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sahil Kumar
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Gurgaon-Faridabad Ex-pressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (M.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Luis Johnson Kangale
- IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Aix-Marseille University, 13385 Marseille, France;
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Eric Ghigo
- Institut Hospitalo Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, 13385 Marseille, France;
- TechnoJouvence, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Prasad Abnave
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Gurgaon-Faridabad Ex-pressway, Faridabad 121001, India; (M.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Bunker EN, Wheeler GE, Chapnick DA, Liu X. Suppression of α-catenin and adherens junctions enhances epithelial cell proliferation and motility via TACE-mediated TGF-α autocrine/paracrine signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 32:348-361. [PMID: 33378218 PMCID: PMC8098817 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained cell migration is essential for wound healing and cancer metastasis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling cascade is known to drive cell migration and proliferation. While the signal transduction downstream of EGFR has been extensively investigated, our knowledge of the initiation and maintenance of EGFR signaling during cell migration remains limited. The metalloprotease TACE (tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme) is responsible for producing active EGFR family ligands in the via ligand shedding. Sustained TACE activity may perpetuate EGFR signaling and reduce a cell’s reliance on exogenous growth factors. Using a cultured keratinocyte model system, we show that depletion of α-catenin perturbs adherens junctions, enhances cell proliferation and motility, and decreases dependence on exogenous growth factors. We show that the underlying mechanism for these observed phenotypical changes depends on enhanced autocrine/paracrine release of the EGFR ligand transforming growth factor alpha in a TACE-dependent manner. We demonstrate that proliferating keratinocyte epithelial cell clusters display waves of oscillatory extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activity, which can be eliminated by TACE knockout, suggesting that these waves of oscillatory ERK activity depend on autocrine/paracrine signals produced by TACE. These results provide new insights into the regulatory role of adherens junctions in initiating and maintaining autocrine/paracrine signaling with relevance to wound healing and cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Bunker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | - Graycen E Wheeler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
| | | | - Xuedong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303
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47
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Rice G, Rompolas P. Advances in resolving the heterogeneity and dynamics of keratinocyte differentiation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 67:92-98. [PMID: 33091828 PMCID: PMC7736530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian skin is equipped with a highly dynamic stratified epithelium. The maintenance and regeneration of this epithelium is supported by basally located keratinocytes, which display stem cell properties, including lifelong proliferative potential and the ability to undergo diverse differentiation trajectories. Keratinocytes support not just the surface of the skin, called the epidermis, but also a range of ectodermal structures including hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Recent studies have shed light on the hitherto underappreciated heterogeneity of keratinocytes by employing state-of-the-art imaging technologies and single-cell genomic approaches. In this mini review, we highlight major recent discoveries that illuminate the dynamics and cellular mechanisms that govern keratinocyte differentiation in the live mammalian skin and discuss the broader implications of these findings for our understanding of epithelial and stem cell biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Rice
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Panteleimon Rompolas
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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48
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Sjöqvist M, Antfolk D, Suarez-Rodriguez F, Sahlgren C. From structural resilience to cell specification - Intermediate filaments as regulators of cell fate. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21182. [PMID: 33205514 PMCID: PMC7839487 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001627r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades intermediate filaments (IFs) have emerged as important regulators of cellular signaling events, ascribing IFs with functions beyond the structural support they provide. The organ and developmental stage‐specific expression of IFs regulate cell differentiation within developing or remodeling tissues. Lack of IFs causes perturbed stem cell differentiation in vasculature, intestine, nervous system, and mammary gland, in transgenic mouse models. The aberrant cell fate decisions are caused by deregulation of different stem cell signaling pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, YAP/TAZ, and TGFβ. Mutations in genes coding for IFs cause an array of different diseases, many related to stem cell dysfunction, but the molecular mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of how IFs interact with and regulate the activity, localization and function of different signaling proteins in stem cells, and how the assembly state and PTM profile of IFs may affect these processes. Identifying when, where and how IFs and cell signaling congregate, will expand our understanding of IF‐linked stem cell dysfunction during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Sjöqvist
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Antfolk
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Freddy Suarez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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49
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Gerosa L, Chidley C, Fröhlich F, Sanchez G, Lim SK, Muhlich J, Chen JY, Vallabhaneni S, Baker GJ, Schapiro D, Atanasova MI, Chylek LA, Shi T, Yi L, Nicora CD, Claas A, Ng TSC, Kohler RH, Lauffenburger DA, Weissleder R, Miller MA, Qian WJ, Wiley HS, Sorger PK. Receptor-Driven ERK Pulses Reconfigure MAPK Signaling and Enable Persistence of Drug-Adapted BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Cells. Cell Syst 2020; 11:478-494.e9. [PMID: 33113355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted inhibition of oncogenic pathways can be highly effective in halting the rapid growth of tumors but often leads to the emergence of slowly dividing persister cells, which constitute a reservoir for the selection of drug-resistant clones. In BRAFV600E melanomas, RAF and MEK inhibitors efficiently block oncogenic signaling, but persister cells emerge. Here, we show that persister cells escape drug-induced cell-cycle arrest via brief, sporadic ERK pulses generated by transmembrane receptors and growth factors operating in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Quantitative proteomics and computational modeling show that ERK pulsing is enabled by rewiring of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling: from an oncogenic BRAFV600E monomer-driven configuration that is drug sensitive to a receptor-driven configuration that involves Ras-GTP and RAF dimers and is highly resistant to RAF and MEK inhibitors. Altogether, this work shows that pulsatile MAPK activation by factors in the microenvironment generates a persistent population of melanoma cells that rewires MAPK signaling to sustain non-genetic drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gerosa
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Chidley
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fabian Fröhlich
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriela Sanchez
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sang Kyun Lim
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy Muhlich
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jia-Yun Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sreeram Vallabhaneni
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gregory J Baker
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Denis Schapiro
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mariya I Atanasova
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lily A Chylek
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Lian Yi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Carrie D Nicora
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Allison Claas
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas S C Ng
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rainer H Kohler
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - H Steven Wiley
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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