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Sharma P, Maklashina E, Voehler M, Balintova S, Dvorakova S, Kraus M, Hadrava Vanova K, Nahacka Z, Zobalova R, Boukalova S, Cunatova K, Mracek T, Ghayee HK, Pacak K, Rohlena J, Neuzil J, Cecchini G, Iverson TM. Disordered-to-ordered transitions in assembly factors allow the complex II catalytic subunit to switch binding partners. Nat Commun 2024; 15:473. [PMID: 38212624 PMCID: PMC10784507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex II (CII) activity controls phenomena that require crosstalk between metabolism and signaling, including neurodegeneration, cancer metabolism, immune activation, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. CII activity can be regulated at the level of assembly, a process that leverages metastable assembly intermediates. The nature of these intermediates and how CII subunits transfer between metastable complexes remains unclear. In this work, we identify metastable species containing the SDHA subunit and its assembly factors, and we assign a preferred temporal sequence of appearance of these species during CII assembly. Structures of two species show that the assembly factors undergo disordered-to-ordered transitions without the appearance of significant secondary structure. The findings identify that intrinsically disordered regions are critical in regulating CII assembly, an observation that has implications for the control of assembly in other biomolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Elena Maklashina
- Molecular Biology Division, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Markus Voehler
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sona Balintova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Dvorakova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kraus
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hadrava Vanova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Zuzana Nahacka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Zobalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Stepana Boukalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Cunatova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Mracek
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine and Malcom Randall, VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Neuzil
- Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50, Prague-West, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia.
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Gary Cecchini
- Molecular Biology Division, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - T M Iverson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Center for Structural Biology Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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2
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Purandare N, Ghosalkar E, Grossman LI, Aras S. Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Viral Infections. Viruses 2023; 15:2380. [PMID: 38140621 PMCID: PMC10747082 DOI: 10.3390/v15122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been identified as the "powerhouse" of the cell, generating the cellular energy, ATP, for almost seven decades. Research over time has uncovered a multifaceted role of the mitochondrion in processes such as cellular stress signaling, generating precursor molecules, immune response, and apoptosis to name a few. Dysfunctional mitochondria resulting from a departure in homeostasis results in cellular degeneration. Viruses hijack host cell machinery to facilitate their own replication in the absence of a bonafide replication machinery. Replication being an energy intensive process necessitates regulation of the host cell oxidative phosphorylation occurring at the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to generate energy. Mitochondria, therefore, can be an attractive therapeutic target by limiting energy for viral replication. In this review we focus on the physiology of oxidative phosphorylation and on the limited studies highlighting the regulatory effects viruses induce on the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraja Purandare
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (N.P.); (E.G.); (L.I.G.)
| | - Esha Ghosalkar
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (N.P.); (E.G.); (L.I.G.)
| | - Lawrence I. Grossman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (N.P.); (E.G.); (L.I.G.)
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (N.P.); (E.G.); (L.I.G.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Zhang G, Xie XX, Zhang SE, Zhang FL, Li CX, Qiao T, Dyce PW, Feng XL, Lin WB, Sun QC, Shen W, Cheng SF. Induced differentiation of primordial germ cell like cells from SOX9 + porcine skin derived stem cells. Theriogenology 2023; 212:129-139. [PMID: 37717516 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms behind porcine primordial germ cell like cells (pPGCLCs) development, differentiation, and gametogenesis is crucial in the treatment of infertility. In this study, SOX9+ skin derived stem cells (SOX9+ SDSCs) were isolated from fetal porcine skin and a high-purity SOX9+ SDSCs population was obtained. The SOX9+ SDSCs were induced to transdifferentiate into PGCLCs during 8 days of cultured. The results of RNA-seq, western blot and immunofluorescence staining verified SDSCs have the potential to transdifferentiate into PGCLCs from aspects of transcription factor activation, germ layer differentiation, energy metabolism, and epigenetic changes. Both adherent and suspended cells were collected. The adherent cells were found to be very similar to early porcine primordial germ cells (pPGCs). The suspended cells resembled late stage pPGCs and had a potential to enter meiotic process. This SDSCs culture-induced in vitro model is expected to provide suitable donor cells for stem cell transplantation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shu-Er Zhang
- Animal Husbandry General Station of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Fa-Li Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tian Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Paul W Dyce
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Xin-Lei Feng
- Shandong Animal Products Quality and Safety Center, Jinan, 250010, China
| | - Wei-Bo Lin
- Animal Husbandry Development Center of Changyi City, Weifang, 261300, China
| | - Qi-Cheng Sun
- School of Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Shun-Feng Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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4
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Lin HH, Chang CY, Huang YR, Shen CH, Wu YC, Chang KL, Lee YC, Lin YC, Ting WC, Chien HJ, Zheng YF, Lai CC, Hsiao KY. Exon Junction Complex Mediates the Cap-Independent Translation of Circular RNA. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1220-1233. [PMID: 37527157 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that circular RNAs (circRNA) serve as protein template is accumulating. However, how the cap-independent translation is controlled remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that the presence of intron and thus splicing promote cap-independent translation. By acquiring the exon junction complex (EJC) after splicing, the interaction between circRNA and ribosomes was promoted, thereby facilitating translation. Prevention of splicing by treatment with spliceosome inhibitor or mutating splicing signal hindered cap-independent translation of circRNA. Moreover, EJC-tethering using Cas13 technology reconstituted EJC-dependent circRNA translation. Finally, the level of a coding circRNA from succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2 (circSDHAF2) was found to be elevated in the tumorous tissues from patients with colorectal cancer, and shown to be critical in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer in both cell and murine models. These findings reveal that EJC-dependent control of circSDHAF2 translation is involved in the regulation of oncogenic pathways. IMPLICATIONS EJC-mediated cap-independent translation of circRNA is implicated in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Chang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ting
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ju Chien
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yang Hsiao
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
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5
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Cao K, Xu J, Cao W, Wang X, Lv W, Zeng M, Zou X, Liu J, Feng Z. Assembly of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in human health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:247-259. [PMID: 37490987 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), also known as electron transport chain (ETC) Complex II, is the only enzyme complex engaged in both oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. SDH has received increasing attention due to its crucial role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism and human health. Despite having the fewest subunits among the four ETC complexes, functional SDH is formed via a sequential and well-coordinated assembly of subunits. Along with the discovery of subunit-specific assembly factors, the dynamic involvement of the SDH assembly process in a broad range of diseases has been revealed. Recently, we reported that perturbation of SDH assembly in different tissues leads to interesting and distinct pathophysiological changes in mice, indicating a need to understand the intricate SDH assembly process in human health and diseases. Thus, in this review, we summarize recent findings on SDH pathogenesis with respect to disease and a focus on SDH assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China; Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
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6
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Nisco A, Carvalho TMA, Tolomeo M, Di Molfetta D, Leone P, Galluccio M, Medina M, Indiveri C, Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA, Barile M. Increased demand for FAD synthesis in differentiated and stem pancreatic cancer cells is accomplished by modulating FLAD1 gene expression: the inhibitory effect of Chicago Sky Blue. FEBS J 2023; 290:4679-4694. [PMID: 37254652 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
FLAD1, along with its FAD synthase (FADS, EC 2.7.7.2) product, is crucial for flavin homeostasis and, due to its role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and nuclear epigenetics, is closely related to cellular metabolism. Therefore, it is not surprising that it could be correlated with cancer. To our knowledge, no previous study has investigated FLAD1 prognostic significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Thus, in the present work, the FAD synthesis process was evaluated in two PDAC cell lines: (a) PANC-1- and PANC-1-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs), presenting the R273H mutation in the oncosuppressor p53, and (b) MiaPaca2 and MiaPaca2-derived CSCs, presenting the R248W mutation in p53. As a control, HPDE cells expressing wt-p53 were used. FADS expression/activity increase was found with malignancy and even more with stemness. An increased FAD synthesis rate in cancer cell lines is presumably demanded by the increase in the FAD-dependent lysine demethylase 1 protein amount as well as by the increased expression levels of the flavoprotein subunit of complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, namely succinate dehydrogenase. With the aim of proposing FADS as a novel target for cancer therapy, the inhibitory effect of Chicago Sky Blue on FADS enzymatic activity was tested on the recombinant 6His-hFADS2 (IC50 = 1.2 μm) and PANC-1-derived CSCs' lysate (IC50 = 2-10 μm). This molecule was found effective in inhibiting the growth of PANC-1 and even more of its derived CSC line, thus assessing its role as a potential chemotherapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Nisco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Maria Tolomeo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Daria Di Molfetta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Piero Leone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Milagros Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) (GBsC-CSIC Joint Unit), University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department of DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
| | - Maria Barile
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Italy
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7
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Salma M, Alaterre E, Moreaux J, Soler E. Var∣Decrypt: a novel and user-friendly tool to explore and prioritize variants in whole-exome sequencing data. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:23. [PMID: 37312221 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00497-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput sequencing (HTS) offers unprecedented opportunities for the discovery of causative gene variants in multiple human disorders including cancers, and has revolutionized clinical diagnostics. However, despite more than a decade of use of HTS-based assays, extracting relevant functional information from whole-exome sequencing (WES) data remains challenging, especially for non-specialists lacking in-depth bioinformatic skills. RESULTS To address this limitation, we developed Var∣Decrypt, a web-based tool designed to greatly facilitate WES data browsing and analysis. Var∣Decrypt offers a wide range of gene and variant filtering possibilities, clustering and enrichment tools, providing an efficient way to derive patient-specific functional information and to prioritize gene variants for functional analyses. We applied Var∣Decrypt on WES datasets of 10 acute erythroid leukemia patients, a rare and aggressive form of leukemia, and recovered known disease oncogenes in addition to novel putative drivers. We additionally validated the performance of Var∣Decrypt using an independent dataset of ~ 90 multiple myeloma WES, recapitulating the identified deregulated genes and pathways, showing the general applicability and versatility of Var∣Decrypt for WES analysis. CONCLUSION Despite years of use of WES in human health for diagnosis and discovery of disease drivers, WES data analysis still remains a complex task requiring advanced bioinformatic skills. In that context, there is a need for user-friendly all-in-one dedicated tools for data analysis, to allow biologists and clinicians to extract relevant biological information from patient datasets. Here, we provide Var∣Decrypt (trial version accessible here: https://vardecrypt.com/app/vardecrypt ), a simple and intuitive Rshiny application created to fill this gap. Source code and detailed user tutorial are available at https://gitlab.com/mohammadsalma/vardecrypt .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salma
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Elina Alaterre
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR 9002 CNRS-UM, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Eric Soler
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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8
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Iverson TM, Singh PK, Cecchini G. An evolving view of Complex II - non-canonical complexes, megacomplexes, respiration, signaling, and beyond. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104761. [PMID: 37119852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Complex II is traditionally studied for its participation in two key respiratory processes: the electron transport chain and the Krebs cycle. There is now a rich body of literature explaining how Complex II contributes to respiration. However, more recent research shows that not all of the pathologies associated with altered Complex II activity clearly correlate with this respiratory role. Complex II activity has now been shown to be necessary for a range of biological processes peripherally-related to respiration, including metabolic control, inflammation, and cell fate. Integration of findings from multiple types of studies suggests that Complex II both participates in respiration and controls multiple succinate-dependent signal transduction pathways. Thus, the emerging view is that the true biological function of Complex II is well beyond respiration. This review uses a semi-chronological approach to highlight major paradigm shifts that occurred over time. Special emphasis is given to the more recently identified functions of Complex II and its subunits because these findings have infused new directions into an established field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Iverson
- Departments of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Departments of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Departments of Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232.
| | - Prashant K Singh
- Departments of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; Departments of Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Gary Cecchini
- Molecular Biology Division, San Francisco VA Health Care System, San Francisco, CA 94121; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158.
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9
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Tang Y, Yu P, Chen L. Identification of Antibacterial Components and Modes in the Methanol-Phase Extract from a Herbal Plant Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081640. [PMID: 37107435 PMCID: PMC10137656 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in bacterial resistance and the decline in the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents are challenging issues for the control of infectious diseases. Traditional Chinese herbal plants are potential sources of new or alternative medicine. Here, we identified antimicrobial components and action modes of the methanol-phase extract from an edible herb Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn, which had a 68.18% inhibition rate against 22 species of common pathogenic bacteria. The extract was purified using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (Prep-HPLC), and three separated fragments (Fragments 1-3) were obtained. Fragment 1 significantly elevated cell surface hydrophobicity and membrane permeability but reduced membrane fluidity, disrupting the cell integrity of the Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens tested (p < 0.05). Sixty-six compounds in Fragment 1 were identified using Ultra-HPLC and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). The identified oxymorphone (6.29%) and rutin (6.29%) were predominant in Fragment 1. Multiple cellular metabolic pathways were altered by Fragment 1, such as the repressed ABC transporters, protein translation, and energy supply in two representative Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains (p < 0.05). Overall, this study demonstrates that Fragment 1 from P. kleiniana Wight et Arn is a promising candidate for antibacterial medicine and food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai 201306, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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10
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Liu Y, Liu K, Thorne RF, Shi R, Zhang Q, Wu M, Liu L. Mitochondrial SENP2 regulates the assembly of SDH complex under metabolic stress. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112041. [PMID: 36708515 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is a heterotetrameric enzyme complex belonging to the mitochondrial respiratory chain and uniquely links the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with oxidative phosphorylation. Cancer-related SDH mutations promote succinate accumulation, which is regarded as an oncometabolite. Post-translational modifications of SDH complex components are known to regulate SDH activity, although the contribution of SUMOylation remains unclear. Here, we show that SDHA is SUMOylated by PIAS3 and deSUMOylated by SENP2, events dictating the assembly and activity of the SDH complex. Moreover, CBP acetylation of SENP2 negatively regulates its deSUMOylation activity. Under glutamine deprivation, CBP levels decrease, and the ensuing SENP2 activation and SDHA deSUMOylation serve to concurrently dampen the TCA cycle and electron transport chain (ETC) activity. Along with succinate accumulation, this mechanism avoids excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to promote cancer cell survival. This study elucidates a major function of mitochondrial-localized SENP2 and expands our understanding of the role of SUMOylation in resolving metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Kejia Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2258, Australia
| | - Ronghua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Mian Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China.
| | - Lianxin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Anhui Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hefei 230001, China.
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11
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FitzHugh ZT, Schiller MR. Systematic Assessment of Protein C-Termini Mutated in Human Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020355. [PMID: 36830724 PMCID: PMC9953674 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
All proteins have a carboxyl terminus, and we previously summarized eight mutations in binding and trafficking sequence determinants in the C-terminus that, when disrupted, cause human diseases. These sequence elements for binding and trafficking sites, as well as post-translational modifications (PTMs), are called minimotifs or short linear motifs. We wanted to determine how frequently mutations in minimotifs in the C-terminus cause disease. We searched specifically for PTMs because mutation of a modified amino acid almost always changes the chemistry of the side chain and can be interpreted as loss-of-function. We analyzed data from ClinVar for disease variants, Minimotif Miner and the C-terminome for PTMs, and RefSeq for protein sequences, yielding 20 such potential disease-causing variants. After additional screening, they include six with a previously reported PTM disruption mechanism and nine with new hypotheses for mutated minimotifs in C-termini that may cause disease. These mutations were generally for different genes, with four different PTM types and several different diseases. Our study helps to identify new molecular mechanisms for nine separate variants that cause disease, and this type of analysis could be extended as databases grow and to binding and trafficking motifs. We conclude that mutated motifs in C-termini are an infrequent cause of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary T. FitzHugh
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Martin R. Schiller
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
- Heligenics Inc., 833 Las Vegas Blvd. North, Suite B, Las Vegas, NV 89101, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-702-895-5546; Fax: +1-702-895-5728
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12
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Yu L, Fink BD, Som R, Rauckhorst AJ, Taylor EB, Sivitz WI. Metabolic clearance of oxaloacetate and mitochondrial complex II respiration: Divergent control in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148930. [PMID: 36272463 PMCID: PMC10225247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
At low inner mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) oxaloacetate (OAA) accumulates in the organelles concurrently with decreased complex II-energized respiration. This is consistent with ΔΨ-dependent OAA inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. To assess the metabolic importance of this process, we tested the hypothesis that perturbing metabolic clearance of OAA in complex II-energized mitochondria would alter O2 flux and, further, that this would occur in both ΔΨ and tissue-dependent fashion. We carried out respiratory and metabolite studies in skeletal muscle and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) directed at the effect of OAA transamination to aspartate (catalyzed by the mitochondrial form of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, Got2) on complex II-energized respiration. Addition of low amounts of glutamate to succinate-energized mitochondria at low ΔΨ increased complex II (succinate)-energized respiration in muscle but had little effect in IBAT mitochondria. The transaminase inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid, increased OAA concentrations and impaired succinate-energized respiration in muscle but not IBAT mitochondria at low but not high ΔΨ. Immunoblotting revealed that Got2 expression was far greater in muscle than IBAT mitochondria. Because we incidentally observed metabolism of OAA to pyruvate in IBAT mitochondria, more so than in muscle mitochondria, we also examined the expression of mitochondrial oxaloacetate decarboxylase (ODX). ODX was detected only in IBAT mitochondria. In summary, at low but not high ΔΨ, mitochondrial transamination clears OAA preventing loss of complex II respiration: a process far more active in muscle than IBAT mitochondria. We also provide evidence that OAA decarboxylation clears OAA to pyruvate in IBAT mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Carver College of Medicine NMR Core Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brian D Fink
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ritu Som
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Adam J Rauckhorst
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eric B Taylor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - William I Sivitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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13
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Loughrey PB, Roncaroli F, Healy E, Weir P, Basetti M, Casey RT, Hunter SJ, Korbonits M. Succinate dehydrogenase and MYC-associated factor X mutations in pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:R157-R172. [PMID: 35938916 PMCID: PMC9513646 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary neuroendocrine tumours (PitNETs) associated with paragangliomas or phaeochromocytomas are rare. SDHx variants are estimated to be associated with 0.3-1.8% of PitNETs. Only a few case reports have documented the association with MAX variants. Prolactinomas are the most common PitNETs occurring in patients with SDHx variants, followed by somatotrophinomas, clinically non-functioning tumours and corticotrophinomas. One pituitary carcinoma has been described. SDHC, SDHB and SDHA mutations are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and tumorigenesis seems to adhere to Knudson's two-hit hypothesis. SDHD and SDHAF2 mutations most commonly have paternal inheritance. Immunohistochemistry for SDHB or MAX and loss of heterozygosity analysis can support the assessment of pathogenicity of the variants. Metabolomics is promising in the diagnosis of SDHx-related disease. Future research should aim to further clarify the role of SDHx and MAX variants or other genes in the molecular pathogenesis of PitNETs, including pseudohypoxic and kinase signalling pathways along with elucidating epigenetic mechanisms to predict tumour behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Benjamin Loughrey
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Medicine, Manchester University, Manchester, UK
| | - Estelle Healy
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Philip Weir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Madhu Basetti
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth T Casey
- Department of Endocrinology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven J Hunter
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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14
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WANG M, ZHANG W, WANG N. Covalent flavoproteins: types, occurrence, biogenesis and catalytic mechanisms. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:749-760. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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How an assembly factor enhances covalent FAD attachment to the flavoprotein subunit of complex II. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102472. [PMID: 36089066 PMCID: PMC9557727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-bound complex II family of proteins is composed of enzymes that catalyze succinate and fumarate interconversion coupled with reduction or oxidation of quinones within the membrane domain. The majority of complex II enzymes are protein heterotetramers with the different subunits harboring a variety of redox centers. These redox centers are used to transfer electrons between the site of succinate-fumarate oxidation/reduction and the membrane domain harboring the quinone. A covalently bound FAD cofactor is present in the flavoprotein subunit, and the covalent flavin linkage is absolutely required to enable the enzyme to oxidize succinate. Assembly of the covalent flavin linkage in eukaryotic cells and many bacteria requires additional protein assembly factors. Here, we provide mechanistic details for how the assembly factors work to enhance covalent flavinylation. Both prokaryotic SdhE and mammalian SDHAF2 enhance FAD binding to their respective apoprotein of complex II. These assembly factors also increase the affinity for dicarboxylates to the apoprotein-noncovalent FAD complex and stabilize the preassembly complex. These findings are corroborated by previous investigations of the roles of SdhE in enhancing covalent flavinylation in both bacterial succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunits and of SDHAF2 in performing the same function for the human mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein. In conclusion, we provide further insight into assembly factor involvement in building complex II flavoprotein subunit active site required for succinate oxidation.
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16
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Bénit P, Goncalves J, El Khoury R, Rak M, Favier J, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Rustin P. Succinate Dehydrogenase, Succinate, and Superoxides: A Genetic, Epigenetic, Metabolic, Environmental Explosive Crossroad. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081788. [PMID: 35892689 PMCID: PMC9394281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research focused on succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and its substrate, succinate, culminated in the 1950s accompanying the rapid development of research dedicated to bioenergetics and intermediary metabolism. This allowed researchers to uncover the implication of SDH in both the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. Nowadays, this theme is experiencing a real revival following the discovery of the role of SDH and succinate in a subset of tumors and cancers in humans. The aim of this review is to enlighten the many questions yet unanswered, ranging from fundamental to clinically oriented aspects, up to the danger of the current use of SDH as a target for a subclass of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule Bénit
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; (P.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Judith Goncalves
- Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (J.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Riyad El Khoury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon;
| | - Malgorzata Rak
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; (P.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Judith Favier
- Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC), Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France; (J.G.); (J.F.)
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Département de Médecine Génomique des Tumeurs et des Cancers, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France;
| | - Pierre Rustin
- NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, F-75019 Paris, France; (P.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Bayley JP, Devilee P. Hypothesis: Why Different Types of SDH Gene Variants Cause Divergent Tumor Phenotypes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061025. [PMID: 35741787 PMCID: PMC9222429 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite two decades of paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma research, the fundamental question of how the different succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-related tumor phenotypes are initiated has remained unanswered. Here, we discuss two possible scenarios by which missense (hypomorphic alleles) or truncating (null alleles) SDH gene variants determine clinical phenotype. Dysfunctional SDH is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but ROS are inhibited by rising succinate levels. In scenario 1, we propose that SDH missense variants disrupt electron flow, causing elevated ROS levels that are toxic in sympathetic PPGL precursor cells but well controlled in oxygen-sensing parasympathetic paraganglion cells. We also suggest that SDHAF2 variants, solely associated with HNPGL, may cause the reversal of succinate dehydrogenase to fumarate reductase, producing very high ROS levels. In scenario 2, we propose a modified succinate threshold model of tumor initiation. Truncating SDH variants cause high succinate accumulation and likely initiate tumorigenesis via disruption of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent enzymes in both PPGL and HNPGL precursor tissues. We propose that missense variants (including SDHAF2) cause lower succinate accumulation and thus initiate tumorigenesis only in very metabolically active tissues such as parasympathetic paraganglia, which naturally show very high levels of succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bayley
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Chen F, Elgaher WAM, Winterhoff M, Büssow K, Waqas FH, Graner E, Pires-Afonso Y, Casares Perez L, de la Vega L, Sahini N, Czichon L, Zobl W, Zillinger T, Shehata M, Pleschka S, Bähre H, Falk C, Michelucci A, Schuchardt S, Blankenfeldt W, Hirsch AKH, Pessler F. Citraconate inhibits ACOD1 (IRG1) catalysis, reduces interferon responses and oxidative stress, and modulates inflammation and cell metabolism. Nat Metab 2022; 4:534-546. [PMID: 35655026 PMCID: PMC9170585 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of itaconate have been studied extensively, it is not known whether its naturally occurring isomers mesaconate and citraconate have similar properties. Here, we show that itaconate is partially converted to mesaconate intracellularly and that mesaconate accumulation in macrophage activation depends on prior itaconate synthesis. When added to human cells in supraphysiological concentrations, all three isomers reduce lactate levels, whereas itaconate is the strongest succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor. In cells infected with influenza A virus (IAV), all three isomers profoundly alter amino acid metabolism, modulate cytokine/chemokine release and reduce interferon signalling, oxidative stress and the release of viral particles. Of the three isomers, citraconate is the strongest electrophile and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) agonist. Only citraconate inhibits catalysis of itaconate by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1), probably by competitive binding to the substrate-binding site. These results reveal mesaconate and citraconate as immunomodulatory, anti-oxidative and antiviral compounds, and citraconate as the first naturally occurring ACOD1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - W A M Elgaher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Winterhoff
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Büssow
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - F H Waqas
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - E Graner
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Y Pires-Afonso
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, LIH Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - L Casares Perez
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - L de la Vega
- Division of Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - N Sahini
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - L Czichon
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - W Zobl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - T Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Shehata
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - S Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research partner site Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - H Bähre
- Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - C Falk
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Michelucci
- Neuro-Immunology Group, Department of Cancer Research, LIH Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - S Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - W Blankenfeldt
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - F Pessler
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany.
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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19
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Li Y, Yao W, Gao Y. Effects of Tang Luo Ning on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in rats revealed by LC-MS metabolomics approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5374. [PMID: 35302257 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes with limited therapies. Tang Luo Ning (TLN), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has been proved to be effective in the treatment of DPN in clinical and experimental studies. However, the potential metabolic mechanism of TLN for the treatment of DPN is still unclear. Here the therapeutic effect of TLN on DPN was studied, and HPLC-IT-TOF/MS was used to explore the metabolic changes related to DPN and to explore the mechanism of TLN on DPN induced by high glucose. Furthermore, metabolic pathway analysis was used to explore the metabolic changes induced by DPN and TLN. As a result, TLN could improve the peripheral nerve function of DPN rats, and TLN could reduce the demyelination of the sciatic nerve in DPN rats. Metabolomics analysis showed that 14 potential biomarkers (citrate, creatine, fumarate, glyceric acid, glycine, succinate, etc.) of both DPN and TLN treatment were identified. Pathway analysis showed that the changes in these metabolites were mainly related to the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medcine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Weijie Yao
- Department of pharmacy, Beijing Maternity Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Yanbin Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, China
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20
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Wang X, Lv W, Xu J, Zheng A, Zeng M, Cao K, Wang X, Cui Y, Li H, Yang M, Shao Y, Zhang F, Zou X, Long J, Feng Z, Liu J. Hepatic Suppression of Mitochondrial Complex II Assembly Drives Systemic Metabolic Benefits. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105587. [PMID: 35037426 PMCID: PMC8948583 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alternate day fasting (ADF), the most popular form of caloric restriction, has shown to improve metabolic health in preclinical subjects, while intrinsic network underpinning the process remains unclear. Here, it is found that liver undergoes dramatic metabolic reprogramming during ADF, accompanied surprisingly with unique complex II dysfunction attributing to suspended complex II assembly via suppressing SDHAF4, a recently identified assembly factor. Despite moderate mitochondrial complex II dysfunction, hepatic Sdhaf4 knockout mice present intriguingly improved glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity, consistent with mice after ADF intervention. Mechanistically, it is found that hepatocytes activate arginine-nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis axle in response to complex II and citric acid cycle dysfunction, the release of NO from liver can target muscle and adipocytes in addition to its autocrine action for enhanced insulin sensitivity. These results highlight the pivotal role of liver in ADF-associated systemic benefits, and suggest that targeting hepatic complex II assembly can be an intriguing strategy against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiang Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Weiqiang Lv
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Jie Xu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Adi Zheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Mengqi Zeng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Ke Cao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xun Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Yuting Cui
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Meng Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Yongping Shao
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineXi'anShanghai200240China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghai200240China
| | - Xuan Zou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710004China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710004China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and BiotherapyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710004China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong266071China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and MedicineThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong266071China
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21
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Li L, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ, Willard B, Chen Q. Calpain-mediated protein targets in cardiac mitochondria following ischemia-reperfusion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:138. [PMID: 34997008 PMCID: PMC8741987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain 1 and 2 (CPN1/2) are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that exist in cytosol and mitochondria. Pharmacologic inhibition of CPN1/2 decreases cardiac injury during ischemia (ISC)-reperfusion (REP) by improving mitochondrial function. However, the protein targets of CPN1/2 activation during ISC-REP are unclear. CPN1/2 include a large subunit and a small regulatory subunit 1 (CPNS1). Genetic deletion of CPNS1 eliminates the activities of both CPN1 and CPN2. Conditional cardiomyocyte specific CPNS1 deletion mice were used in the present study to clarify the role of CPN1/2 activation in mitochondrial damage during ISC-REP with an emphasis on identifying the potential protein targets of CPN1/2. Isolated hearts from wild type (WT) or CPNS1 deletion mice underwent 25 min in vitro global ISC and 30 min REP. Deletion of CPNS1 led to decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial calpain 1 activation compared to WT. Cardiac injury was decreased in CPNS1 deletion mice following ISC-REP as shown by the decreased infarct size compared to WT. Compared to WT, mitochondrial function was improved in CPNS1 deletion mice following ischemia-reperfusion as shown by the improved oxidative phosphorylation and decreased susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. H2O2 generation was also decreased in mitochondria from deletion mice following ISC-REP compared to WT. Deletion of CPNS1 also resulted in less cytochrome c and truncated apoptosis inducing factor (tAIF) release from mitochondria. Proteomic analysis of the isolated mitochondria showed that deletion of CPNS1 increased the content of proteins functioning in regulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis (paraplegin and sarcalumenin) and complex III activity. These results suggest that activation of CPN1 increases cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by impairing mitochondrial function and triggering cytochrome c and tAIF release from mitochondria into cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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22
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YgfY Contributes to Stress Tolerance in Shewanella oneidensis Neither as an Antitoxin Nor as a Flavinylation Factor of Succinate Dehydrogenase. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112316. [PMID: 34835442 PMCID: PMC8621075 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
YgfY(SdhE/CptB) is highly conserved while has controversial functions in bacteria. It works as an antitoxin and composes a type IV toxin-antitoxin system with YgfX(CptA) typically in Escherichia coli, while functions as an flavinylation factor of succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate reductase typically in Serratia sp. In this study, we report the contribution of YgfY in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to tolerance of low temperature and nitrite. YgfY deficiency causes several growth defects of S. oneidensis MR-1 at low temperature, while YgfX do not cause a growth defect or morphological change of S. oneidensis MR1-1 and E. coli. YgfY do not interact with FtsZ and MreB nor with YgfX examined by bacterial two-hybrid assay. YgfY effect on growth under low temperature is not attributed to succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) because a mutant without SDH grows comparably with the wild-type strain in the presence of succinate. The ygfY mutant shows impaired tolerance to nitrite. Transcription of nitrite reductase and most ribosome proteins is significantly decreased in the ygfY mutant, which is consistent with the phenotypes detected above. Effects of YgfY on growth and nitrite tolerance are closely related to the RGXXE motif in YgfY. In summary, this study demonstrates pleiotropic impacts of YgfY in S. oneidensis MR-1, and sheds a light on the physiological versatility of YgfY in bacteria.
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23
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Schenk R, Bachmaier S, Bringaud F, Boshart M. Efficient flavinylation of glycosomal fumarate reductase by its own ApbE domain in Trypanosoma brucei. FEBS J 2021; 288:5430-5445. [PMID: 33755328 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A subset of flavoproteins has a covalently attached flavin prosthetic group enzymatically attached via phosphoester bonding. In prokaryotes, this is catalysed by alternative pyrimidine biosynthesis E (ApbE) flavin transferases. ApbE-like domains are present in few eukaryotic taxa, for example the N-terminal domain of fumarate reductase (FRD) of Trypanosoma, a parasitic protist known as a tropical pathogen causing African sleeping sickness. We use the versatile reverse genetic tools available for Trypanosoma to investigate the flavinylation of glycosomal FRD (FRDg) in vivo in the physiological and organellar context. Using direct in-gel fluorescence detection of covalently attached flavin as proxy for activity, we show that the ApbE-like domain of FRDg has flavin transferase activity in vivo. The ApbE domain is preceded by a consensus flavinylation target motif at the extreme N terminus of FRDg, and serine 9 in this motif is essential as flavin acceptor. The preferred mode of flavinylation in the glycosome was addressed by stoichiometric expression and comparison of native and catalytically inactive ApbE domains. In addition to the trans-flavinylation activity, the ApbE domain catalyses the intramolecular cis-flavinylation with at least fivefold higher efficiency. We discuss how the higher efficiency due to unusual fusion of the ApbE domain to its substrate protein FRD may provide a selective advantage by faster FRD biogenesis during rapid metabolic adaptation of trypanosomes. The first 37 amino acids of FRDg, including the consensus motif, are sufficient as flavinylation target upon fusion to other proteins. We propose FRDg(1-37) as 4-kDa heat-stable, detergent-resistant fluorescent protein tag and suggest its use as a new tool to study glycosomal protein import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schenk
- Biozentrum, Fakultät für Biologie, Genetik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sabine Bachmaier
- Biozentrum, Fakultät für Biologie, Genetik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Frédéric Bringaud
- CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité (MFP), UMR 5234, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael Boshart
- Biozentrum, Fakultät für Biologie, Genetik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Martinsried, Germany
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24
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Moreno C, Santos RM, Burns R, Zhang WC. Succinate Dehydrogenase and Ribonucleic Acid Networks in Cancer and Other Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113237. [PMID: 33153035 PMCID: PMC7693138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although the dysfunction of the succinate dehydrogenase complex in mitochondria leads to cancer and other diseases due to aberrant metabolic reactions and signaling pathways, it is not well known how the succinate dehydrogenase complex is regulated. Our review highlights that non-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), RNA editing enzymes, and RNA modifying enzymes regulate expressions and functions of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. This research will provide new strategies for treating succinate dehydrogenase-relevant diseases in a clinic. Abstract Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex connects both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC) in the mitochondria. However, SDH mutation or dysfunction-induced succinate accumulation results in multiple cancers and non-cancer diseases. The mechanistic studies show that succinate activates hypoxia response and other signal pathways via binding to 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases and succinate receptors. Recently, the increasing knowledge of ribonucleic acid (RNA) networks, including non-coding RNAs, RNA editors, and RNA modifiers has expanded our understanding of the interplay between SDH and RNA networks in cancer and other diseases. Here, we summarize recent discoveries in the RNA networks and their connections to SDH. Additionally, we discuss current therapeutics targeting SDH in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Thus, we propose a new model of SDH–RNA network interaction and bring promising RNA therapeutics against SDH-relevant cancer and other diseases.
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