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Wu CK, Shiu JL, Wu CL, Hung CF, Ho YC, Chen YT, Tung SY, Yeh CF, Shen CH, Liaw H, Su WP. APLF facilitates interstrand DNA crosslink repair and replication fork protection to confer cisplatin resistance. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae211. [PMID: 38520407 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress converts the stalled forks into reversed forks, which is an important protection mechanism to prevent fork degradation and collapse into poisonous DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Paradoxically, the mechanism also acts in cancer cells to contribute to chemoresistance against various DNA-damaging agents. PARP1 binds to and is activated by stalled forks to facilitate fork reversal. Aprataxin and polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase-like factor (APLF) binds to PARP1 through the poly(ADP-ribose) zinc finger (PBZ) domain and is known to be involved in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Here, we identify a novel function of APLF involved in interstrand DNA crosslink (ICL) repair and fork protection. We demonstrate that PARP1 activity facilitates the APLF recruitment to stalled forks, enabling the FANCD2 recruitment to stalled forks. The depletion of APLF sensitizes cells to cisplatin, impairs ICL repair, reduces the FANCD2 recruitment to stalled forks, and results in nascent DNA degradation by MRE11 nucleases. Additionally, cisplatin-resistant cancer cells show high levels of APLF and homologous recombination-related gene expression. The depletion of APLF sensitizes cells to cisplatin and results in fork instability. Our results reveal the novel function of APLF to facilitate ICL repair and fork protection, thereby contributing to cisplatin-resistant phenotypes of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kuei Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Shiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City701, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Liang Wu
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Feng Hung
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chih Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City701, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Chen
- Department of Public Health & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yung Tung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fa Yeh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Hungjiun Liaw
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan City701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Pin Su
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35, Xiao-Tong Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Departments of Oncology and Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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2
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Hsu SH, Tsai YL, Wang YT, Shen CH, Hung YH, Chen LT, Hung WC. RNF43 Inactivation Enhances the B-RAF/MEK Signaling and Creates a Combinatory Therapeutic Target in Cancer Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304820. [PMID: 38225722 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
RING finger 43 (RNF43), a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a key regulator of WNT signaling and is mutated in 6-10% of pancreatic tumors. However, RNF43-mediated effects remain unclear, as only a few in vivo substrates of RNF43 are identified. Here, it is found that RNF43-mutated pancreatic cancer cells exhibit elevated B-RAF/MEK activity and are highly sensitive to MEK inhibitors. The depletion of RNF43 in normal pancreatic ductal cells also enhances MEK activation, suggesting that it is a physiologically regulated process. It is confirmed that RNF43 ubiquitinates B-RAF at K499 to promote proteasome-dependent degradation, resulting in reduced MEK activity and proliferative ability in cancer cells. In addition, phosphorylation of B-RAF at T491 suppresses B-RAF ubiquitination by decreasing the interaction between RNF43 and B-RAF. Mutations at K499 in B-RAF are identified in various cancer types. MEK and WNT inhibitors synergistically suppress the growth of RNF43-mutated pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the research reveals a novel mechanism by which RNF43 inhibits B-RAF/MEK signaling to suppress tumor growth and provide a new strategy for the treatment of RNF43-inactivated pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Yeng-Tseng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, 704, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tong University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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3
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Lin HH, Chang CY, Huang YR, Shen CH, Wu YC, Chang KL, Lee YC, Lin YC, Ting WC, Chien HJ, Zheng YF, Lai CC, Hsiao KY. Exon Junction Complex Mediates the Cap-Independent Translation of Circular RNA. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1220-1233. [PMID: 37527157 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that circular RNAs (circRNA) serve as protein template is accumulating. However, how the cap-independent translation is controlled remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that the presence of intron and thus splicing promote cap-independent translation. By acquiring the exon junction complex (EJC) after splicing, the interaction between circRNA and ribosomes was promoted, thereby facilitating translation. Prevention of splicing by treatment with spliceosome inhibitor or mutating splicing signal hindered cap-independent translation of circRNA. Moreover, EJC-tethering using Cas13 technology reconstituted EJC-dependent circRNA translation. Finally, the level of a coding circRNA from succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2 (circSDHAF2) was found to be elevated in the tumorous tissues from patients with colorectal cancer, and shown to be critical in tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer in both cell and murine models. These findings reveal that EJC-dependent control of circSDHAF2 translation is involved in the regulation of oncogenic pathways. IMPLICATIONS EJC-mediated cap-independent translation of circRNA is implicated in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lin
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Yuan Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ren Huang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Chang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Chun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ting
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ju Chien
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Yang Hsiao
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung
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4
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Wang BL, Jin TW, Han YM, Shen CH, Li Q, Lin QK, Chen H. Retraction: Bio-inspired terpolymers containing dopamine, cations and MPC: a versatile platform to construct a recycle antibacterial and antifouling surface. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9036. [PMID: 37724447 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb90177g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Retraction of 'Bio-inspired terpolymers containing dopamine, cations and MPC: a versatile platform to construct a recycle antibacterial and antifouling surface' by B. L. Wang et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2015, 3, 5501-5510, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB00597C.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Wang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 32500, China
| | - T W Jin
- Department of Basic Teaching, City college of Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Y M Han
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - C H Shen
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 32500, China
| | - Q Li
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 32500, China
| | - Q K Lin
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 32500, China
| | - H Chen
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 32500, China
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5
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Yuan P, Teng D, de Groot E, Li M, Trousil S, Shen CH, Roszik J, Davies MA, Gopal YV, Zheng B. Loss of AMPKα2 promotes melanoma tumor growth and brain metastasis. iScience 2023; 26:106791. [PMID: 37213225 PMCID: PMC10197146 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a critical cellular energy sensor at the interface of metabolism and cancer. However, the role of AMPK in carcinogenesis remains unclear. Here, through analysis of the TCGA melanoma dataset, we found that PRKAA2 gene that encodes the α2 subunit of AMPK is mutated in ∼9% of cutaneous melanomas, and these mutations tend to co-occur with NF1 mutations. Knockout of AMPKα2 promoted anchorage-independent growth of NF1-mutant melanoma cells, whereas ectopic expression of AMPKα2 inhibited their growth in soft agar assays. Moreover, loss of AMPKα2 accelerated tumor growth of NF1-mutant melanoma and enhanced their brain metastasis in immune-deficient mice. Our findings support that AMPKα2 serves as a tumor suppressor in NF1-mutant melanoma and suggest that AMPK could be a therapeutic target for treating melanoma brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yuan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Da Teng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Evelyn de Groot
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Man Li
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Trousil
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A. Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y.N. Vashisht Gopal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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6
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Li ZD, Li YC, Shen CH, Wang JS, Xie XB. [Liver transplantation for the treatment of acute liver failure in 3 cases with NBAS gene deficiency and literature review]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:66-69. [PMID: 36594124 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220627-00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of liver transplantation in the treatment of acute liver in children with NBAS gene deficiency disease and their outcome. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled children with NBAS gene deficiency who were admitted to the Children's Hospital of Fudan University for liver transplantation from January 2013 to June 2022. The clinical data were collected and analyzed. Medical literature published before June 2022 was searched with the keywords of "NBAS" "neuroblastoma amplified sequence recurrent" "acute liver failure" "SOPH syndrome" "short stature with optic nerve atrophy" "Pelger-Huët anomaly" in PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang database. Results: Liver transplantation was performed in 3 patients (2 males and 1 female) with NBAS deficiency. All patients presented with fever-triggered recurrent acute liver failure. The genetic detection found compound heterozygous NBAS gene pathogenic variants in them. The total episodes of acute liver failure before liver transplantation were 11, 2, and 4 respectively, and the age at liver transplantation was 3.5, 2.3, and 2.0 years respectively. During liver transplantation, patient 1 was in the convalescent phase of acute liver failure, patient 2 was in the acute phase, presenting with hepatic encephalopathy (grade V) and respiratory failure, and patient 3 was considered to be in the acute phase. After liver transplantation, patient 1 recovered normal liver function within 1 month and had no liver transplantation-related complications. Patient 2 had secondary epilepsy, intellectual disability, movement disorder, and transiently elevated transaminases. Patient 3 died of severe infection within 1 month. There was no literature in Chinese, 6 in English, 8 NBAS-deficient patients who were treated with liver transplantation. Total 11 patients presented with fever-triggered recurrent acute liver failure. Their age at liver transplantation ranged from 0.9 to 5.0 years. Postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients. Until the last visit, they were followed up for 0.7 to 14.0 years. Total 2 patients died and the 9 surviving patients did not develop acute liver failure. Conclusions: Liver transplantation is effective for the treatment of acute liver failure associated with NBAS gene disease. However, postoperative complications of liver transplantation may occur. The timing of liver transplantation still needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z D Li
- Departement of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Y C Li
- Departement of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - C H Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - J S Wang
- Departement of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - X B Xie
- Departement of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
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Ho YC, Ku CS, Tsai SS, Shiu JL, Jiang YZ, Miriam HE, Zhang HW, Chen YT, Chiu WT, Chang SB, Shen CH, Myung K, Chi P, Liaw H. PARP1 recruits DNA translocases to restrain DNA replication and facilitate DNA repair. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010545. [PMID: 36512630 PMCID: PMC9794062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication fork reversal which restrains DNA replication progression is an important protective mechanism in response to replication stress. PARP1 is recruited to stalled forks to restrain DNA replication. However, PARP1 has no helicase activity, and the mechanism through which PARP1 participates in DNA replication restraint remains unclear. Here, we found novel protein-protein interactions between PARP1 and DNA translocases, including HLTF, SHPRH, ZRANB3, and SMARCAL1, with HLTF showing the strongest interaction among these DNA translocases. Although HLTF and SHPRH share structural and functional similarity, it remains unclear whether SHPRH contains DNA translocase activity. We further identified the ability of SHPRH to restrain DNA replication upon replication stress, indicating that SHPRH itself could be a DNA translocase or a helper to facilitate DNA translocation. Although hydroxyurea (HU) and MMS induce different types of replication stress, they both induce common DNA replication restraint mechanisms independent of intra-S phase activation. Our results suggest that the PARP1 facilitates DNA translocase recruitment to damaged forks, preventing fork collapse and facilitating DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chih Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Syun Ku
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Sheng Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Lin Shiu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhen Jiang
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui Emmanuela Miriam
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wen Zhang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Chen
- Department of Public Health & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Song-Bin Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- IBS Center for Genomic Integrity, UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Chi
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hungjiun Liaw
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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8
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Chen YL, Lee KT, Wang CY, Shen CH, Chen SC, Chung WP, Hsu YT, Kuo YL, Chen PS, Cheung CHA, Chang CP, Shen MR, Hsu HP. Low expression of cytosolic NOTCH1 predicts poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2084-2101. [PMID: 35693094 PMCID: PMC9185622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer is increasing, and is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Dysregulation of NOTCH1 signaling is reported in breast cancer. In present study, bioinformatics was utilized to study the expression of NOTCH1 gene in breast cancer from public databases, including the Kaplan-Meier Plotter, PrognoScan, Human Protein Atlas, and cBioPortal. The relationship between NOTCH1 mRNA expression and survival of patients was inconsistent in public databases. In addition, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of 135 specimens from our hospital. Lower cytoplasmic staining of NOTCH1 protein was correlated with cancer recurrence, bone metastasis, and a worse disease-free survival of patients, especially those with estrogen receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) cancers. In TCGA breast cancer dataset, lower expression of NOTCH1 in breast cancer specimens was correlated with higher level of CCND1 (protein: cyclin D1). Decreased expression of NOTCH1 was correlated with lower level of CCNA1 (protein: cyclin A1), CCND2 (protein: cyclin D2), CCNE1 (protein: cyclin E1), CDK6 (protein: CDK6), and CDKN2C (protein: p18). In conclusion, NOTCH1 mRNA expression is not consistently correlated with clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients. Low cytoplasmic expression of NOTCH1 in IHC study is correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients. Cytoplasmic localization of NOTCH1 protein failed to initial oncogenic signaling in present study. Expression of NOTCH1 mRNA was discordant with cell cycle-related genes. Regulation of NOTCH1 in breast cancer involves gene expression, protein localization and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chen
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and ScienceTainan 71710, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ting Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research InstituteTainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Wei-Pang Chung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70403, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan 70403, Taiwan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Hsieh CC, Su YC, Jiang KY, Ito T, Li TW, Kaku-Ito Y, Cheng ST, Chen LT, Hwang DY, Shen CH. TRPM1 promotes tumor progression in acral melanoma by activating the Ca 2+/CaMKIIδ/AKT pathway. J Adv Res 2022; 43:45-57. [PMID: 36585114 PMCID: PMC9811324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acral melanoma is a predominant and aggressive subtype of melanoma in non-Caucasian populations. There is a lack of genotype-driven therapies for over 50% of patients. TRPM1 (transient receptor potential melastatin 1), a nonspecific cation channel, is mainly expressed in retinal bipolar neurons and skin. Nonetheless, the function of TRPM1 in melanoma progression is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between TRPM1 and acral melanoma progression and revealed the molecular mechanisms by which TRPM1 promotes tumor progression and malignancy. METHODS TRPM1 expression and CaMKII phosphorylation in tumor specimens were tested by immunohistochemistry analysis and scored by two independent investigators. The functions of TRPM1 and CaMKII were assessed using loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches and examined by western blotting, colony formation, cell migration and invasion, and xenograft tumor growth assays. The effects of a CaMKII inhibitor, KN93, were evaluated using both in vitro cell and in vivo xenograft mouse models. RESULTS We revealed that TRPM1 protein expression was positively associated with tumor progression and shorter survival in patients with acral melanoma. TRPM1 promoted AKT activation and the colony formation, cell mobility, and xenograft tumor growth of melanoma cells. TRPM1 elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels and activated CaMKIIδ (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ) to promote the CaMKIIδ/AKT interaction and AKT activation. The functions of TRPM1 in melanoma cells were suppressed by a CaMKII inhibitor, KN93. Significant upregulation of phospho-CaMKII levels in acral melanomas was related to increased expression of TRPM1. An acral melanoma cell line with high expression of TRPM1, CA11, was isolated from a patient to show the anti-tumor activity of KN93 in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS TRPM1 promotes tumor progression and malignancy in acral melanoma by activating the Ca2+/CaMKIIδ/AKT pathway. CaMKII inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating acral melanomas with high expression of TRPM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Che Hsieh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Chiu Su
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ting-Wei Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yumiko Kaku-Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shih-Tsung Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan,Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan,Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan,Corresponding author at: National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 367, Sheng-Li Rd., North District, Tainan 70456, Taiwan.
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10
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Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most common lethal skin cancer and causes death in a short time when metastasized. Although BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have greatly improved the prognosis of BRAF-mutated melanoma, drug resistance is a major concern even when they are combined with MEK inhibitors. Alternative treatments for BRAFi-resistant melanoma are highly anticipated. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) is highly expressed and associated with progression in tumors. We aimed to investigate the role of NECTIN4 in melanoma and its potency as a therapeutic target using 126 melanoma samples and BRAFi-resistant cells. Immunohistochemically, most of the clinical samples expressed NECTIN4, at least in part. NECTIN4 was highly expressed in BRAF-mutated melanoma and its high expression was associated with disease-free survival. In BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, NECTIN4 and the PI3K/Akt pathway were upregulated, along with the acquisition of BRAFi resistance. Monomethyl auristatin E, a cytotoxic part of NECTIN4-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, was effective for BRAF-mutated or BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells. NECTIN4 inhibition increased the sensitivity of BRAFi-resistant cells to BRAFi and induced apoptosis. In conclusion, we revealed the expression and roles of NECTIN4 in melanoma. Targeted therapies against NECTIN4 can be a novel treatment strategy for melanoma, even after the acquisition of BRAFi resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Melanoma/diagnosis
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Retrospective Studies
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Young Adult
- Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan;
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
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11
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Wang CY, Chang YC, Kuo YL, Lee KT, Chen PS, Cheung CHA, Shen CH, Chang CP, Lai MD, Shen MR, Hsu HP. Abstract 2487: Mutation of the STK11 gene predicts recurrence of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and some patients develop recurrence after standard therapy. Effective predictors are urgently needed to detect recurrence earlier.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive study via an experimental and bioinformatics approach to detect mutated genes in breast cancer. Twenty-seven breast cancer patients who developed recurrence within 24 months postoperatively and 22 control cancer patients without recurrence were enrolled from National Cheng Kung University Hospital in Taiwan. Targeted deep sequencing was performed to assess the mutations among individuals with breast cancer using a panel of 143 cancer-associated genes. Bioinformatics and public databases were used to predict the protein functions of the mutated genes.
Results: Mutations were identified in 49 breast cancer specimens, and the most frequently mutated genes were BRCA2, TP53, APC, ATM, BRCA1, NOTCH1, TET2, NF1, TSC2, PIK3CA, TSC1, PTEN, MSH2, PTCH1, PIK3R1, STK11, RB1, BAP1, CDH1 and FBXW7. Mutation of these genes was correlated with protein phosphorylation and autophosphorylation. Among these highly mutated genes, mutations of STK11 were associated with poor prognosis and increased recurrence of breast cancer. Knockdown of STK11 in triple negative breast cancer cell lines increases transcription of cytokines and modulates immune response.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that mutation of STK11 is correlated with early recurrence of breast cancer patients and it will become a powerful prognostic marker for recurrence of breast cancer. Suppression of STK11 signaling by gene mutation may contribute to immune escape.
Citation Format: Chih-Yang Wang, Yung-Chieh Chang, Yao-Lung Kuo, Kuo-Ting Lee, Pai-Sheng Chen, Chun Hei Antonio Cheung, Che-Hung Shen, Chih-Peng Chang, Ming-Derg Lai, Meng-Ru Shen, Hui-Ping Hsu. Mutation of the STK11 gene predicts recurrence of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2487.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yao-Lung Kuo
- 2National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ting Lee
- 2National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Che-Hung Shen
- 3National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Derg Lai
- 2National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- 2National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- 2National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Hsu HP, Wang CY, Kuo YL, Lee KT, Chen PS, Cheung CHA, Shen CH, Chang CP, Chen YL, Lai MD, Shen MR. Modulating tumor immune microenvironment by the STK11/LKB1 signaling in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e15185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e15185 Background: Standard treatment for breast cancer patients includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, target and endocrine therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are newly developing medications. The theoretical basis of immunotherapy is the interaction between cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Cancer cells secrete cytokines and create a specific tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to attract or modulate immune cells. Further, genetic mutations or copy-number variations in cancer cells contribute to immunosuppression. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) protein ( STK11 gene) is the upstream of AMP activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway. STK11/LKB1 is one of the possible pathways modulating TIME. Methods: Twenty-seven breast cancer patients who developed recurrence within postoperative 24 months and 22 control cancer patients without recurrence were enrolled from National Cheng Kung University Hospital in Taiwan. Targeted deep sequencing was performed to assess the mutations among individuals with breast cancer using a panel of 143 cancer-associated genes. Bioinformatics and public databases were used to predict the protein functions of the STK11 genes. Immunohistochemical staining of LKB1 protein was performed in clinical specimens. Immune-related molecules were analyzed by RNA sequencing and cytokine array after suppression of STK11. Results: Mutations of STK11 gene were detected in recurrent patients and associated with poor prognosis of patients. From immunohistochemical study, the patients with low LKB1 expression had a worse survival. We utilized CRISPER/Cas9 system to transfect sgRNA into three mouse cell lines, including M158, NF639 and PY8119. RNA sequencing was performed in parental and Stk11-sgRNA cells. Immune-related pathways were ranked in the top 10 networks. Increased mRNA expression of Csf3 (protein G-CSF), Cxcl5, and Ccl2 was detected. The results are confirmed by cytokine array. The expression of G-CSF (gene Csf3) and CXCL5 (gene Cxcl5) proteins was increased in Stk11-sgRNA cells. The results were similar with RNA sequencing. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that suppression of STK11/LKB1 is correlated with early recurrence of breast cancer patients and contributes to modulate TIME. The STK11/LKB1 and downstream AMPK/mTORC1 pathways may be potential targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Kuo
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ting Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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13
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Guo MY, Hou CJ, Bian MH, Shen CH, Zhang SY, Huo DQ, Ma Y. Characterization of microbial community profiles associated with quality of Chinese strong-aromatic liquor through metagenomics. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:750-762. [PMID: 30989782 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Microorganisms in fermentation pits (FPs) play key roles for Chinese-strong-aromatic-liquor (CSAL) production. However, the microbial community in the FPs is still poorly understood. Here, the aim of this study was to reveal the diversity and potential functions of microbiota in FPs. METHODS AND RESULTS Sequencing-by-synthesis-based metagenomic sequencing and annotation results revealed that the microbiota of FPs was primarily composed of Firmicutes (54·6%), Euryarchaeota (15·3%), Bacteroidetes (10·1%), Gammaproteobacteria (5·8%), Opisthokonta (5·7%) and Unclassified_Bacteria (2·3%). And 133 genera were identified as the dominant genera of this fermentative food. Lactobacillus, Sedimentibacter, Syntrophomonas, Methanoculleus, Methanobacterium, Bacillus, Clostridium, Galactomyces, Candida, Pichia, Penicillium and Aspergillus were defined as active populations for biosynthesizing the characteristic volatile compounds of CSAL. The study also revealed that the microbial community structures changed significantly with different cellar ages and over different geographical regions. (i) The presence of Bacteroidetes was the most distinctive feature that characterized the different FPs ages. (ii) Distinct contents of Gammaproteobacteria and Euryarchaeota were observed at different positions in the FPs. (iii) Euryarchaeota markedly contributed to the generation of the character of the liquors with distinct geographical associations. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the changes of microbial communities determined the different quality characteristics of CSAL. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the FPs microbial composition and shows a new microbial resource for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Guo
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - C J Hou
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - M H Bian
- Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, P.R. China
| | - C H Shen
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou Laojiao Group Co. Ltd., Luzhou, P.R. China
| | - S Y Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou Laojiao Group Co. Ltd., Luzhou, P.R. China
| | - D Q Huo
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Y Ma
- Liquor Making Biology Technology and Application of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, P.R. China
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14
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer worldwide. The rising melanoma incidence and mortality, along with its high propensity for metastasis highlights the urgency to identify more effective therapeutic targets. Approximately, one half of advanced melanoma bears a mutation in the BRAF gene that makes BRAF as an important therapeutic target. Significant clinical benefit is associated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors (MAPKi) on targeting patients with BRAF V600 mutations. However, the frequent and rapid development of acquired resistance still is the major challenge facing the melanoma. Several mechanisms by which melanoma passes the inhibitory effects of MAPKi have been characterized and clinically translated, but additional alternations of genetic and epigenetic regulators outside of MAPK and/or AKT networks occurs in a quarter of patients with acquired MAPKi resistance. These studies implicate that targeting signaling networks external MAPK or AKT pathways is critical. In this review, we will focus on two approaches that are under evaluating for targeting melanoma: (1) against genome instability by p53 network restoration and (2) disrupt cancer proteome by chaperone inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Che Hsieh
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.367, Sheng-Li Rd., North Dist., 70456, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, No.367, Sheng-Li Rd., North Dist., 70456, Tainan, Taiwan.
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15
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Zhang H, Wang Q, Han L, Zheng C, Shen CH. Cross-species hybridization of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected BHK-21 cells using human and mouse oligonucleotide microarrays. Acta Virol 2017; 61:299-307. [PMID: 28854794 DOI: 10.4149/av_2017_308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has a dual capacity to induce either acute or persistent infection in host animals. Establishment of an in vitro cell model of FMDV persistent infection facilitates the study of the mechanism underlying this type of infection. In this study, we analyzed gene expression profiles of both acute and persistent infections using cross-species microarrays. Our data suggest that human microarrays are more efficient than mouse microarrays in hybridization with cDNA from BHK-21 cells although the mouse is closer to the Syrian hamster in taxonomy. A set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may be involved in the determination of acute or persistent infection was identified by using human or mouse microarrays. Seven common DEGs were found in both human and mouse arrays and showed similar fold changes. Among the DEGs, 33 genes were selected for further validation by using qRT-PCR and presented consistent results. The analysis of Gene Ontology Biological Processes indicated that various biosynthetic and metabolic processes were negatively regulated in the group of acute infection whereas multicellular organismal development processes were positively regulated in the group of persistent infection. Our study demonstrates the plausibility and utility of using cross-species microarrays to study FMDV-infected mammalian cells. The combined use of two types of microarrays can be more informative in exploring the mechanisms underlying the infections of FMDV.
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16
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Casimiro MC, Di Sante G, Di Rocco A, Loro E, Pupo C, Pestell TG, Bisetto S, Velasco-Velázquez MA, Jiao X, Li Z, Kusminski CM, Seifert EL, Wang C, Ly D, Zheng B, Shen CH, Scherer PE, Pestell RG. Cyclin D1 Restrains Oncogene-Induced Autophagy by Regulating the AMPK-LKB1 Signaling Axis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:3391-3405. [PMID: 28522753 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy activated after DNA damage or other stresses mitigates cellular damage by removing damaged proteins, lipids, and organelles. Activation of the master metabolic kinase AMPK enhances autophagy. Here we report that cyclin D1 restrains autophagy by modulating the activation of AMPK. In cell models of human breast cancer or in a cyclin D1-deficient model, we observed a cyclin D1-mediated reduction in AMPK activation. Mechanistic investigations showed that cyclin D1 inhibited mitochondrial function, promoted glycolysis, and reduced activation of AMPK (pT172), possibly through a mechanism that involves cyclin D1-Cdk4/Cdk6 phosphorylation of LKB1. Our findings suggest how AMPK activation by cyclin D1 may couple cell proliferation to energy homeostasis. Cancer Res; 77(13); 3391-405. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew C Casimiro
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center (PCARM), Doylestown, Pennsylvania.,Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center of Bucks County at Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | - Gabriele Di Sante
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center (PCARM), Doylestown, Pennsylvania.,Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center of Bucks County at Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | - Agnese Di Rocco
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center (PCARM), Doylestown, Pennsylvania.,Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center of Bucks County at Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
| | - Emanuele Loro
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudia Pupo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy G Pestell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara Bisetto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Erin L Seifert
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Ly
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center (PCARM), Doylestown, Pennsylvania. .,Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center of Bucks County at Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
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17
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Deng ZH, Jiang LR, Zhang B, Xu YZ, Shen CH, Zhou T, Xia Q, Zhang TA. [Primary hypogammaglobulinemia complicated with liver cirrhosis and literature review]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 54:379-82. [PMID: 27143082 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis of primary hypogammaglobulinemia complicated with liver cirrhosis in a child. METHOD Pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA ) complicated with liver cirrhosis in a child were analyzed in Shanghai Children's Medical Center.Using"primary hypogammaglobulinemia"and"liver cirrhosis"as keywords, literatures were searched from Pubmed and Chinese data of Weipu and Wanfang data from January 1988 to January 2015. RESULT The patient was a 12 years old boy with the chief complaint of 3 times hematemesis with diagnosis of XLA in the past 7 years. He received treatment with immunoglobulin (Ig) monthly for 6 years. He had no hepatitis C virus( HCV ) infection and serologic tests for autoantibodies were negative. Anti-HBs, anti-HBe and anti-HBc were positive, which revealed previous hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection. Gastroscopy suggested esophageal gastric varices. Liver pathology showed liver cell degeneration, necrosis, fiber tissue hyperplasia and pseudolobuli. After hospitalization the boy underwent liver transplantation (LT). He was given tacrolimus (3 mg/d), prednisone (5 mg/d), lamivudine (150 mg/d) and acyclovir (900 mg/d) by oral administration after LT. After 3 months follow-up, the boy was alive and well with stable results of liver function tests. There were no report in Weipu and Wanfang data. A total of 19 cases, including 12 cases of common variable immunodeficiency, 3 cases of XLA, 2 cases of Hyper-IgM syndrome and 2 cases of congenital hypogammaglobulinemia were obtained from Pubmed published between January 1, 1988 and January 1, 2015. Seventeen of the cases had HCV infection. Two cases had autoimmune hepatitis. Of the HCV infected patients, 15 were given intravenous gamma globulin. Seven of the 19 cases survived. Among 5 cases who received liver transplantation, 3 cases died. CONCLUSION In addition to HCV infection and autoimmune hepatitis as causes of liver cirrhosis in primary hypogammaglobulinemia, chronic HBV infection is another cause. Intravenous gammaglobulin is an important way of transmitting HCV and HBV infection. The effect of liver transplantation remains to be evaluated via further follow-up and studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College, Shanghai 200127, China
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18
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Shen CH, Kim SH, Trousil S, Frederick DT, Piris A, Yuan P, Cai L, Gu L, Li M, Lee JH, Mitra D, Fisher DE, Sullivan RJ, Flaherty KT, Zheng B. Loss of cohesin complex components STAG2 or STAG3 confers resistance to BRAF inhibition in melanoma. Nat Med 2016; 22:1056-61. [PMID: 27500726 PMCID: PMC5014622 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) is an oncogenic driver and therapeutic target in melanoma. Inhibitors of BRAF (BRAFi) have shown high response rates and extended survival in patients with melanoma who bear tumors that express mutations encoding BRAF proteins mutant at Val600, but a vast majority of these patients develop drug resistance. Here we show that loss of stromal antigen 2 (STAG2) or STAG3, which encode subunits of the cohesin complex, in melanoma cells results in resistance to BRAFi. We identified loss-of-function mutations in STAG2, as well as decreased expression of STAG2 or STAG3 proteins in several tumor samples from patients with acquired resistance to BRAFi and in BRAFi-resistant melanoma cell lines. Knockdown of STAG2 or STAG3 expression decreased sensitivity of BRAF(Val600Glu)-mutant melanoma cells and xenograft tumors to BRAFi. Loss of STAG2 inhibited CCCTC-binding-factor-mediated expression of dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), leading to reactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling (via the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2; hereafter referred to as ERK). Our studies unveil a previously unknown genetic mechanism of BRAFi resistance and provide new insights into the tumor suppressor function of STAG2 and STAG3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hung Shen
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Sun Hye Kim
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Sebastian Trousil
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Dennie T. Frederick
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Adriano Piris
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ping Yuan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Li Cai
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Lei Gu
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Man Li
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Jung Hyun Lee
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Devarati Mitra
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - David E. Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Keith T. Flaherty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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19
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Wang BL, Jin TW, Han YM, Shen CH, Li Q, Lin QK, Chen H. Bio-inspired terpolymers containing dopamine, cations and MPC: a versatile platform to construct a recycle antibacterial and antifouling surface. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:5501-5510. [PMID: 32262521 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00597c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A new kind of bio-inspired terpolymer was synthesized by a conventional free radical terpolymerization of dopamine methacrylamide (DMA), 2-(dimethylamino)-ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. DMA consists of a biomimetic adhesive side chain covalently linked to a polymerizable methacrylate monomer. 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography confirmed the successful synthesis of P(DMA-co-MPC-co-DMAEMA). The terpolymer could self-assemble on the macroscopic planar substrates with DMA as an anchor. After being quaternized by 1-bromo-heptane, terpolymers of P(DMA-co-MPC-co-DMAEMA+) with bactericidal function were obtained. The self-assembly terpolymer on the substrate was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water contact angle, spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. The hydrophilicity and antifouling properties of the self-assembly coating increased greatly against bacteria, protein and cells with the increase of MPC content. As the existence of bactericidal cations for electrostatic targeting of bacteria as well as membrane lysis, the terpolymer coating showed excellent bactericidal function against E. coli and S. aureus. Biofilm inhibition assay showed that terpolymer coating was very efficient to resist bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in a nutrient environment. Bacteria could be continuously "captured" and killed by the terpolymer coating, and then bacteria corpse was released into the solution. Importantly, this work provides a versatile strategy for the fabrication of a recycle antibacterial and antifouling surface to modify biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Wang
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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20
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Shen CH, Yuan P, Perez-Lorenzo R, Zhang Y, Lee SX, Ou Y, Cai L, Asara JM, Cantley LC, Zheng B. Abstract B09: Phosphorylation of BRAF by AMPK impairs BRAF-KSR1 association and cell proliferation. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.mel2014-b09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BRAF is an oncogenic protein kinase that drives cell growth and proliferation through the MEK-ERK signaling pathway. BRAF inhibitors have demonstrated antitumor efficacy in melanoma therapy but have also been found to be associated with the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) in certain patients. Here, we report that BRAF is phosphorylated at Ser729 by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical energy sensor. This phosphorylation promotes the association of BRAF with 14-3-3 proteins and disrupts its interaction with the KSR1 scaffolding protein, leading to attenuation of the MEK-ERK signaling. We also show that phosphorylation of BRAF by AMPK impairs keratinocyte cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression. Furthermore, AMPK activation attenuates BRAF inhibitor-induced ERK hyperactivation in keratinocytes and epidermal hyperplasia in mouse skin. Our findings reveal a mechanism for regulating BRAF signaling in response to energy stress and suggest a strategy for preventing the development of cSCCs associated with BRAF-targeted therapy.
Citation Format: Che-Hung Shen, Ping Yuan, Rolando Perez-Lorenzo, Yaqing Zhang, Sze Xian Lee, Yang Ou, Li Cai, John M. Asara, Lewis C. Cantley, Bin Zheng. Phosphorylation of BRAF by AMPK impairs BRAF-KSR1 association and cell proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Melanoma: From Biology to Therapy; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(14 Suppl):Abstract nr B09.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Yuan
- 1CBRC, MGH, Harvard University, Boston, MA,
| | | | | | | | - Yang Ou
- 2ICG,Columbia University, New York, NY,
| | - Li Cai
- 1CBRC, MGH, Harvard University, Boston, MA,
| | | | | | - Bin Zheng
- 1CBRC, MGH, Harvard University, Boston, MA,
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21
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DeRan M, Yang J, Shen CH, Peters EC, Fitamant J, Chan P, Hsieh M, Zhu S, Asara JM, Zheng B, Bardeesy N, Liu J, Wu X. Energy stress regulates hippo-YAP signaling involving AMPK-mediated regulation of angiomotin-like 1 protein. Cell Rep 2014; 9:495-503. [PMID: 25373897 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo signaling is a tumor-suppressor pathway involved in organ size control and tumorigenesis through the inhibition of YAP and TAZ. Here, we show that energy stress induces YAP cytoplasmic retention and S127 phosphorylation and inhibits YAP transcriptional activity and YAP-dependent transformation. These effects require the central metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the upstream Hippo pathway components Lats1/Lats2 and angiomotin-like 1 (AMOTL1). Furthermore, we show that AMPK directly phosphorylates S793 of AMOTL1. AMPK activation stabilizes and increases AMOTL1 steady-state protein levels, contributing to YAP inhibition. The phosphorylation-deficient S793Ala mutant of AMOTL1 showed a shorter half-life and conferred resistance to energy-stress-induced YAP inhibition. Our findings link energy sensing to the Hippo-YAP pathway and suggest that YAP may integrate spatial (contact inhibition), mechanical, and metabolic signals to control cellular proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael DeRan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jiayi Yang
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Eric C Peters
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Julien Fitamant
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Puiyee Chan
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Mindy Hsieh
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Shunying Zhu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Xu Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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22
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Perez-Lorenzo R, Gill KZ, Shen CH, Zhao FX, Zheng B, Schulze HJ, Silvers DN, Brunner G, Horst BA. A tumor suppressor function for the lipid phosphatase INPP4B in melanocytic neoplasms. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 134:1359-1368. [PMID: 24288008 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is deregulated in a significant proportion of melanomas, and PI3K pathway activation in combination with constitutively active mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling shows synergistic effects in the process of melanoma tumorigenesis. Recently, a tumor suppressor function for the lipid phosphatase inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase type II (INPP4B) has been described in breast and prostate cancers, with impact on PI3K signaling output. Given the importance of PI3K pathway activity for melanoma formation and growth, we aimed to assess the role of INPP4B in melanocytic tumors. Our studies in native tumors suggest that decreased INPP4B expression is an event correlating with tumor progression in melanocytic neoplasms. We further demonstrate that INPP4B regulates PI3K/Akt signaling and exerts a tumor suppressor effect, impacting the proliferative, invasive, and tumorigenic capacity of melanoma cells. INPP4B expression in melanocytic neoplasms may therefore have potential as a biomarker for disease progression and as a modulator for the prediction of treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Perez-Lorenzo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kamraan Z Gill
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feng X Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bin Zheng
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hans-Joachim Schulze
- Department of Dermatology, Fachklinik Hornheide at University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - David N Silvers
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Georg Brunner
- Department of Cancer Research, Fachklinik Hornheide at University Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Basil A Horst
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
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23
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Shen CH, Lee YR, Ho HC, Yuan WC, Chen CH, Shih HM, Chen RH. Abstract LB-18: The Cullin 3 substrate adaptor DIP-2 mediates DAPK ubiquitination to control interferon responses. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-lb-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a pro-apoptotic, calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine kinase and was originally identified based on its involvement in interferon- -induced cell death. Whether and how interferon-γ-signaling regulates the activity or expression of DAPK remains largely unexplored. In this study, we identify the BTB-Kelch protein DIP2 functions as a negative regulator of DAPK by potentiating the proteosomal degradation of DAPK. DIP2 binds DAPK and Cul3 via its Kelch repeats and BTB domain, respectively. The DIP2-Cul3-ROC1 E3 ligase complex promotes DAPK ubiquitination both in vivo and in vitro, and downregulation of endogenous DIP2 diminishes DAPK ubiquitination and biological functions. The DIP2-dependent DAPK ubiquitination is suppressed in cells receiving either interferon-α or interferon-γ, which induces an enrichment/sequestration of DIP2 in the PML nuclear bodies, thereby separating DIP2 from its substrate DAPK. Through disrupting the interaction of DAPK with its E3 ligase, interferon triggers the stabilization of pro-apoptotic DAPK, which contributes to the cell death-promoting function of interferon. This study not only identifies the DIP2-Cul3-ROC1 complex as an E3 ligase for DAPK ubiquitination, but also reveals the underlying mechanism of DAPK regulation by interferon.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hung Shen
- 1Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Lee
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chung Ho
- 2Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Yuan
- 1Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hau Chen
- 1Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ming Shih
- 3Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- 1Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Shen CH, Chen HY, Lin MS, Li FY, Chang CC, Kuo ML, Settleman J, Chen RH. Breast tumor kinase phosphorylates p190RhoGAP to regulate rho and ras and promote breast carcinoma growth, migration, and invasion. Cancer Res 2008; 68:7779-87. [PMID: 18829532 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast tumor kinase (Brk), an Src-like nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed in breast cancer and several other cancer types. Our previous study indicates that Brk promotes cell migration and tumor invasion by phosphorylating the focal adhesion protein paxillin. Here, we report the identification of p190RhoGAP-A (p190) as a Brk substrate. Brk phosphorylates p190 at the Y(1105) residue both in vitro and in vivo, thereby promoting the association of p190 with p120RasGAP (p120). As a consequence, Brk stimulates p190 and attenuates p120 functions, leading to RhoA inactivation and Ras activation, respectively. In carcinoma cells expressing high levels of Brk, endogenous Brk functions as a key contributor to epidermal growth factor-induced p190 tyrosine phosphorylation. We present evidence showing that p190 phosphorylation plays essential roles in both migratory and proliferative effects of Brk. Furthermore, disruption of p190 phosphorylation-induced p190/p120 complex in breast cancer cells abolishes not only the abilities of Brk to regulate RhoA and Ras but also the stimulatory effects of Brk on proliferation, migration, invasion, transformation, and tumorigenicity. Together, our findings reveal a previously unknown function of Brk in regulating both RhoA and Ras by phosphorylating p190 and provide evidence for the crucial roles of this Brk-elicited signaling pathway in promoting breast malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hung Shen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Kuo HT, Bagkar NC, Liu RS, Shen CH, Shy DS, Xing XK, Lee JF, Chen JM. Structural transformation of LiVOPO4 to Li3V2(PO4)3 with enhanced capacity. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11250-7. [PMID: 18636763 DOI: 10.1021/jp803210w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, we report the transformation of alpha-LiVOPO 4 to alpha-Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3, leading to an enhancement of capacity. The alpha-LiVOPO 4 sample was synthesized by a sol-gel method, followed by sintering at 550-650 degrees C in a flow of 5% H 2/Ar. The structural transformation of a triclinic alpha-LiVOPO 4 structure to a monoclinic alpha-Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3 structure was observed at higher sintering temperatures (700-800 degrees C in a flow of 5% H 2/Ar). The alpha-Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3 phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray absorption near edge spectrum (XANES) techniques. The valence shift of vanadium ions from +4 to +3 states was observed using in situ XANES experiments at V K-edge. The structural transformation is ascertained by the shape changes in pre-edge and near edge area of X-ray absorption spectrum. It was observed that the capacity was enhanced from 140 mAh/g to 164 mAh/g via structural transformation process of LiVOPO 4 to Li 3V 2(PO 4) 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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26
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Wang WJ, Kuo JC, Ku W, Lee YR, Lin FC, Chang YL, Lin YM, Chen CH, Huang YP, Chiang MJ, Yeh SW, Wu PR, Shen CH, Wu CT, Chen RH. The Tumor Suppressor DAPK Is Reciprocally Regulated by Tyrosine Kinase Src and Phosphatase LAR. Mol Cell 2007; 27:701-16. [PMID: 17803936 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2006] [Revised: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a calmodulin-regulated serine/threonine kinase and elicits tumor suppression function through inhibiting cell adhesion/migration and promoting apoptosis. Despite these biological functions, the signaling mechanisms through which DAPK is regulated remain largely elusive. Here, we show that the leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) tyrosine phosphatase dephosphorylates DAPK at pY491/492 to stimulate the catalytic, proapoptotic, and antiadhesion/antimigration activities of DAPK. Conversely, Src phosphorylates DAPK at Y491/492, which induces DAPK intra-/intermolecular interaction and inactivation. Upon EGF stimulation, a rapid Src activation leads to subsequent LAR downregulation, and these two events act in synergism to inactivate DAPK, thereby facilitating tumor cell migration and invasion toward EGF. Finally, DAPK Y491/492 hyperphosphorylation is found in human cancers in which Src activity is aberrantly elevated. These results identify LAR and Src as a DAPK regulator through their reciprocal modification of DAPK Y491/492 residues and establish a functional link of this DAPK-regulatory circuit to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jing Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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27
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28
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Shen CH, Chiang YC, Hsu CH, Yang MK. Identification and characterization of two uvrA genes of Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar citri. Mol Genet Genomics 2006; 277:149-60. [PMID: 17146667 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-006-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Two uvrA-like genes, designated uvrA1 and uvrA2, that may be involved in nucleotide excision repair in Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (X. a. pv. citri) strain XW47 were characterized. The uvrA1 gene was found to be 2,964 bp in length capable of encoding a protein of 987 amino acids. The uvrA2 gene was determined to be 2,529 bp with a coding potential of 842 amino acids. These two proteins share 71 and 39% identity, respectively, in amino acid sequence with the UvrA protein of Escherichia coli. Analyses of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that UvrA1 and UvrA2 have structures characteristic of UvrA proteins, including the Walker A and Walker B motifs, zinc finger DNA binding domains, and helix-turn-helix motif with a polyglycine hinge region. The uvrA1 or uvrA2 mutant, constructed by gene replacement, was more sensitive to DNA-damaging agents methylmethane sulfonate (MMS), mitomycin C (MMC), or ultraviolet (UV) than the wild type. The uvrA1 mutant was four orders of magnitude more sensitive to UV irradiation and two orders of magnitude more sensitive to MMS than the uvrA2 mutant. The uvrA1uvrA2 double mutant was one order of magnitude more sensitive to MMS, MMC, or UV than the uvrA1 single mutant. These results suggest that UvrA1 plays a more important role than UvrA2 in DNA repair in X. a. pv. citri. Both uvrA1 and uvrA2 genes were found to be constitutively expressed in the wild type and lexA1 or lexA2 mutant of X. a. pv. citri, and treatment of these cells with sublethal dose of MMC did not alter the expression of these two genes. Results of electrophoresis mobility shift assays revealed that LexA1 or LexA2 does not bind to either the uvrA1 or the uvrA2 promoter. These results suggest that uvrA expression in X. a. pv. citri is not regulated by the SOS response system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hung Shen
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen University, 510 Chun-Chen Road, Taipei, 242, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Ho WM, Hung WT, Wu CC, Shen CH, Yang NC, Hwang KL, Wong KC. Application of MVBC equation to predict mixed venous blood concentrations of sevoflurane in cardiac anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2005; 60:882-6. [PMID: 16115250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have proposed an equation for estimating the real-time mixed venous blood concentration (MVBC) of isoflurane in cardiac anaesthesia. However, information related to the application of our method to sevoflurane is lacking. We studied 12 patients undergoing cardiac surgery and anaesthetised with sevoflurane. At different time points, pulmonary arterial blood samples were collected for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the real mixed venous concentrations of sevoflurane. The inspired and expired concentrations of sevoflurane, measured by a gas monitor, were used for the MVBC calculations. Using Bland-Altman analyses, we found that the calculated MVBCs accurately represent the actual concentrations of sevoflurane in pulmonary arterial blood, as shown by a near-zero percentage bias with a 0.14% precision between the two concentrations. The results demonstrated that our equation could be a useful method for estimating the pulmonary blood concentration of sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-M Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia, Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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30
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Abstract
Brk (for breast tumor kinase) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase containing SH3, SH2, and tyrosine kinase catalytic domains. Brk was originally identified from a human metastatic breast tumor, and its overexpression is frequently observed in breast cancer and several other cancer types. However, the molecular mechanism by which this kinase participates in tumorigenesis remains poorly characterized. In the present study, we not only identified paxillin as the binding partner and substrate of Brk but also discovered a novel signaling pathway by which Brk mediates epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced paxillin phosphorylation. We show that EGF stimulation activates the catalytic activity of Brk, which in turn phosphorylates paxillin at Y31 and Y118. These phosphorylation events promote the activation of small GTPase Rac1 via the function of CrkII. Through this pathway, Brk is capable of promoting cell motility and invasion and functions as a mediator of EGF-induced migration and invasion. In accordance with these functional roles, Brk translocates to membrane ruffles, where it colocalizes with paxillin during cell migration. Together, our findings identify novel signaling and biological roles of Brk and indicate the first potential link between Brk and metastatic malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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31
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Shen CH, Gau C. Thermal chip fabrication with arrays of sensors and heaters for micro-scale impingement cooling heat transfer analysis and measurements. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 20:103-14. [PMID: 15142582 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2003.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2003] [Accepted: 10/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The design and fabrication for a thermal chip with an array of temperature sensors and heaters for study of micro-jet impingement cooling heat transfer process are presented. This thermal chip can minimize the heat loss from the system to the ambient and provide a uniform heat flux along the wall, thus local heat transfer processes along the wall can be measured and obtained. The fabrication procedure presented can reach a chip yield of 100%, and every one of the sensors and heaters on the chip is in good condition. In addition, micro-jet impingement cooling experiments are performed to obtain the micro-scale local heat transfer Nusselt number along the wall. Flow visualization for the micro-impinging jet is also made. The experimental results indicate that both the micro-scale impinging jet flow structure and the heat transfer process along the wall is significantly different from the case of large-scale jet impingement cooling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Shen
- Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
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32
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Lee-Chen GJ, Lin SP, Ko MH, Chuang CK, Chen CP, Lee HH, Cheng SC, Shen CH, Tseng KL, Li CL. Identification and characterization of mutations underlying Sanfilippo syndrome type A (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA). Clin Genet 2002; 61:192-7. [PMID: 12000360 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.610304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sanfilippo syndrome type A (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA; MPS IIIA) is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme haparan N-sulphatase (NS). The genomic DNA segments of the NS gene from two Chinese patients with MPS IIIA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by DNA sequencing to study the molecular lesions. Four mutations (i.e. N42K, D235N, P293S and R377C) and five polymorphisms (i.e. IVS2-72A --> G, IVS2-26T --> C, IVS5+17C --> T, IVS5-37GC --> CTGT and R456H) were identified. Transfection of COS-7 cells with cDNA mutagenized to the corresponding mutations did not yield active enzyme, demonstrating the deleterious nature of the mutations. Western blot analysis revealed a 62-kDa precursor and 56-kDa mature forms for cells transfected with wild-type and polymorphic R456H enzymes. For cells transfected with mutant enzymes, the reduction in precursor and mature forms suggests an increased degradation of the mutant enzymes. The polymorphic DNA haplotype of the NS gene was analysed in 52 unrelated subjects. All five polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The strong non-random association among the five polymorphisms suggests little or no recombination in the NS gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Lee-Chen
- Department of Biology, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chuang SS, Huang W, Lin CN, Chio CC, Tsai TC, Li CY, Shen CH. Primary cerebral anaplastic large cell lymphoma containing abundant reactive histiocytes and eosinophils. A case report and literature review. Pathol Res Pract 2002; 197:647-52. [PMID: 11569930 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary cerebral anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is very rare. We report on our experience with such a case and review the literature. A 46-year-old Taiwanese woman presented with headache, weakness of her right extremity, and limited eye movement. A solid mass (5 cm x 4 cm) at the left occipital lobe was almost completely removed. The neoplastic cells, some of which had reniform or embryo-like nuclei, were large and were admixed with abundant eosinophils, histiocytes, and some small lymphocytes. These neoplastic cells expressed CD30, CD43, granzyme B and T-cell intracellular antigen-1, but not ALK1, CD3, CD20, CD45, CD79a, cytokeratin, and EMA. They were positive for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded mRNA by in situ hybridization. Polymerase chain reaction study of formalin-fixed tissue showed a clonal gene arrangement of the T-cell receptor-gamma chain. ALCL of T-cell lineage with cytotoxic phenotype was diagnosed. The patient received cranial irradiation and has remained with no evidence of disease for 25 months of follow-up.
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MESH Headings
- Brain Neoplasms/chemistry
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Brain Neoplasms/therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/virology
- Craniotomy
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- Eosinophils/pathology
- Female
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Histiocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Immunocompetence
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- In Situ Hybridization
- Ki-1 Antigen/analysis
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/therapy
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/virology
- Middle Aged
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- RNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Ribosomal Proteins
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundation Hospital, Yung Kang City, Tainan County, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The role of DNA sequence in determining nucleosome positions in vivo was investigated by comparing the positions adopted by nucleosomes reconstituted on a yeast plasmid in vitro using purified core histones with those in native chromatin containing the same DNA, described previously. Nucleosomes were reconstituted on a 2.5 kilobase pair DNA sequence containing the yeast TRP1ARS1 plasmid with CUP1 as an insert (TAC-DNA). Multiple, alternative, overlapping nucleosome positions were mapped on TAC-DNA. For the 58 positioned nucleosomes identified, the relative positioning strengths and the stabilities to salt and temperature were determined. These positions were, with a few exceptions, identical to those observed in native, remodeled TAC chromatin containing an activated CUP1 gene. Only some of these positions are utilized in native, unremodeled chromatin. These observations suggest that DNA sequence is likely to play a very important role in positioning nucleosomes in vivo. We suggest that events occurring in yeast CUP1 chromatin determine which positions are occupied in vivo and when they are occupied.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Shen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Yang NC, Hwang KL, Shen CH, Wang HF, Ho WM. Simultaneous determination of fluorinated inhalation anesthetics in blood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with a headspace autosampler. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2001; 759:307-18. [PMID: 11499484 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(01)00239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although the fluorinated inhalation anesthetics, including desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, and halothane are commonly used, fatal cases resulting from their abuse or misuse have been reported. To date, gas chromatography (GC) equipped with different kinds of detectors has been utilized to analyze inhalation anesthetics. However, none of them can detect desflurane reliably or analyze all five common anesthetics simultaneously. The purpose of the present work is to further modify the previously developed headspace (HS) GC-MS method for blood isoflurane determination to analyze and distinguish five common clinical inhalation anesthetics, simultaneously. The modified HS-GC-MS method adopts a 60 m x 0.25 mm I.D., 0.25 microm film thickness DB-5 capillary column along with an adequate GC temperature program, which gives the five inhalation anesthetics, including isoflurane and its isomer, enflurane, a high resolution. The method also takes both the volatility and the influence of the top space on the obtained concentration into consideration and therefore keeps the sample loss acceptable even for analyzing the highly volatile desflurane. Within a certain concentration range of the calibration standard (about 20-300 microg/ml), this method shows a good linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. In addition, both within- and between-run precision and accuracy results meet the validation requirements as well as the tested results of practical blood samples of desflurane. In summary, this is a reliable analytical method to simultaneously determine the concentration of five common inhalation anesthetics in blood. Such a method is very practical for both clinical and occupational monitoring, as well as for analytical toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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36
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Abstract
Induction of germline (GL) epsilon transcripts, an essential step preceding Ig isotype switching to IgE, requires activation of transcription factors by IL-4 and a B cell activator, e.g., CD40 ligand or LPS. We demonstrate that AP-1 (Fos and Jun), induced transiently by CD40 ligand or LPS, binds a DNA element in the mouse GL epsilon promoter. AP-1 synergizes with Stat6 to activate both the intact GL epsilon promoter and a minimal heterologous promoter driven by the AP-1 and Stat6 sites of the mouse GL epsilon promoter. By contrast, C/EBP beta, which trans-activates the human GL epsilon promoter, inhibits IL-4 induction of the mouse promoter, probably by attenuating the synergistic interaction between AP-1 and Stat6. Furthermore, AP-1 does not trans-activate the human GL epsilon promoter. Thus, induction of GL epsilon transcripts in mice and humans may be regulated differently. In addition, although mouse GL epsilon transcripts have a half-life of approximately 100 min, the RNA level continues to increase for up to 24 h, and the promoter appears to be active for at least 2 days after B cell activation. Altogether, these data suggest that induction of AP-1 activity, although transient, is required for activation of the mouse GL epsilon promoter by IL-4-induced Stat6.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Shen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Shen CH, Leblanc BP, Alfieri JA, Clark DJ. Remodeling of yeast CUP1 chromatin involves activator-dependent repositioning of nucleosomes over the entire gene and flanking sequences. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:534-47. [PMID: 11134341 PMCID: PMC86616 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.2.534-547.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast CUP1 gene is activated by the copper-dependent binding of the transcriptional activator, Ace1p. An episome containing transcriptionally active or inactive CUP1 was purified in its native chromatin structure from yeast cells. The amount of RNA polymerase II on CUP1 in the purified episomes correlated with its transcriptional activity in vivo. Chromatin structures were examined by using the monomer extension technique to map translational positions of nucleosomes. The chromatin structure of an episome containing inactive CUP1 isolated from ace1Delta cells is organized into clusters of overlapping nucleosome positions separated by linkers. Novel nucleosome positions that include the linkers are occupied in the presence of Ace1p. Repositioning was observed over the entire CUP1 gene and its flanking regions, possibly over the entire episome. Mutation of the TATA boxes to prevent transcription did not prevent repositioning, implicating a chromatin remodeling activity recruited by Ace1p. These observations provide direct evidence in vivo for the nucleosome sliding mechanism proposed for remodeling complexes in vitro and indicate that remodeling is not restricted to the promoter but occurs over a chromatin domain including CUP1 and its flanking sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Shen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2715, USA
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Yeh CT, Shen CH, Tai DI, Chu CM, Liaw YF. Identification and characterization of a prevalent hepatitis B virus X protein mutant in Taiwanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2000; 19:5213-20. [PMID: 11077437 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was a particular hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) mutant associated with Taiwanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Initially, the entire coding region of HBx gene from the serum samples of 14 Taiwanese patients were sequenced. A novel mutant, HBx-A31, was preferentially found in patients with HCC. Sera from 67 patients with HCC and 100 patients with chronic hepatitis B were thus subjected for codon 31 analysis using a dual amplification created restriction site method. HBx-A31 was detected more frequently in patients with HCC (52% versus 12%; P<0.001) and in patients with liver cirrhosis (44% versus 6%; P<0.001). Site directed mutagenesis experiment revealed that HBx-A31 was less effective in transactivating HBV enhancer I-X promoter complex, less efficient in supporting HBV replication, and less potent in enhancing TNF-alpha induced increment of CPP32/caspase 3 activities in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, a prevalent HBx mutant was identified in Taiwanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Development of this mutant might represent a strategy of the virus to escape immune surveillance and thus contribute to the process of multiple-step hepatocarcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Caspase 1/metabolism
- Caspase 3
- Caspases/metabolism
- Codon/genetics
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Gene Frequency
- Genome, Viral
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/physiology
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Cirrhosis/virology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Taiwan
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Transcriptional Activation
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Yeh
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 199 Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei 105, Taiwan
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Lin SM, Kuo SH, Lin DY, Lin CJ, Shen CH, Hung CF. Cytologic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous acetic acid injection. Correlation with helical computed tomography findings. Acta Cytol 2000; 44:1-6. [PMID: 10667151 DOI: 10.1159/000326215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To illustrate the cytologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after percutaneous acetic acid injection (PAI) and to correlate the cytologic findings with helical computed tomography (CT) findings. STUDY DESIGN The study included 30 patients with 37 HCC who had undergone PAI. Baseline cytomorphology of HCC was evaluated by needle aspiration in all cases. PAI under ultrasound guidance was done every three to seven days. Upon completion of PAI, fine needle aspiration cytology was performed and followed by helical CT within two weeks. The degeneration of HCC after PAI was classified into two grades. Grade 1 showed incomplete degeneration (99% of nuclear area); grade 2 showed complete degeneration or severe degeneration with cell debris or amorphous material only. The specimens were stained with Riu's method (Romanowsky system). RESULTS The cytologic changes after PAI included decreased cell number, reduced cellular aggregation, degeneration of cytoplasm and nucleus, and eosinophilic or basophilic background in all tumors. In all the 37 tumors without enhancement on helical CT, grade 2 degeneration was detected. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that grade 2 degeneration alone, demonstrated cytologically, could indicate almost complete necrosis of HCC after PAI, probably implying no need for booster PAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lin
- First Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Shen CH, Tsai MH, Chen TC, Liu NJ, Sheen IS. Primary hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: case report. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi 1999; 22:486-91. [PMID: 10584423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEH) is a very rare vascular tumor of the liver. It usually affects adult women and presents as multiple hepatic nodules with mainly peripheral distribution. It poses special difficulties for clinicians in its diagnosis and treatment because of its non-specific clinical manifestations and findings on imaging, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed pathologically. Its clinical course and prognosis are variable but supposed to be intermediate between hemangioma and angiosarcoma. The primary treatments of choice are radical resection or liver transplantation. We report a 62-year-old man with right upper quadrant abdominal pain of several days' duration, who was initially misdiagnosed as having a liver abscess. Finally, HEH was diagnosed on the basis of positive immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen in tumor cells. This case could serve to highlight the pitfalls in diagnosing this rare tumor. Increasing the index of suspicion and familiarity with the radiological and histological characteristics of this tumor would facilitate the accurate diagnosis and thus avoid unnecessary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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41
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Shen CH, Hung CJ, Wu CC, Huang HW, Ho WM. Rhabdomyolysis-induced acute renal failure after morphine overdose--a case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1999; 37:159-62. [PMID: 10609351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The 39-year-old male in this report was a victim of C4 spinal cord injury for 7 years. He was regularly followed up at our pain clinic and psychiatric out-patient department (OPD) for treatment of his chronic pain with morphine, anticonvulsant and sedatives. At the night of December 15, 1997, he took approximately 0.1 gm of morphine and a certain number of flurazepam pills. On the next day, he experienced numbness and paresis in both legs in association with painful swelling of both thighs. Then he sought medical advice at our hospital and was admitted for investigation on December 20, 1997. Laboratory examination revealed elevated creatine kinase activity, increased urine myoglobin concentration and raised plasma creatinine, signifying the development of acute muscle damage. The excreted urine morphine concentration was as high as 6,384 ng/mL. Increased PYP uptake in the proximal portion of both thighs was noted on muscle scan. These abnormalities were resolved gradually over two weeks under conservative treatment. Morphine-induced rhabdomyolysis complicated by acute renal failure was highly suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wu CC, Tseng CS, Shen CH, Yang TC, Chi KP, Ho WM. Succinylcholine-induced cardiac arrest in unsuspected becker muscular dystrophy--a case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1998; 36:165-8. [PMID: 9874866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A five year-old boy undergoing elective tonsillectomy sustained cardiac arrest following the administration of a single dose of succinylcholine during induction of anesthesia. With a 10-minute cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during which intravenous calcium gluconate, epinephrine, and sodium bicarbonate were given and DC counter shock applied, we were successful to restore cardiac activity without neurological sequelae. The cause of cardiac arrest we speculated was hyperkalemia, possibly secondary to succinylcholine-induced rhabdomyolysis. It is suggested that succinylcholine should not be used in patients with known or suspected muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans General Hospital-Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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43
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Shen CH, Stavnezer J. Interaction of stat6 and NF-kappaB: direct association and synergistic activation of interleukin-4-induced transcription. Mol Cell Biol 1998; 18:3395-404. [PMID: 9584180 PMCID: PMC108921 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.18.6.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/1997] [Accepted: 03/19/1998] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (Stat6) and NF-kappaB are widely distributed transcription factors which are induced by different stimuli and bind to distinct DNA sequence motifs. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), which activates Stat6, synergizes with activators of NF-kappaB to induce IL-4-responsive genes, but the molecular mechanism of this synergy is poorly understood. Using glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays and coimmunoprecipitation techniques, we find that NF-kappaB and tyrosine-phosphorylated Stat6 can directly bind each other in vitro and in vivo. An IL-4-inducible reporter gene containing both cognate binding sites in the promoter is synergistically activated in the presence of IL-4 when Stat6 and NF-kappaB proteins are coexpressed in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells. The same IL-4-inducible reporter gene is also synergistically activated by the endogenous Stat6 and NF-kappaB proteins in IL-4-stimulated I.29mu B lymphoma cells. Furthermore, Stat6 and NF-kappaB bind cooperatively to a DNA probe containing both sites, and the presence of a complex formed by their cooperative binding correlates with the synergistic activation of the promoter by Stat6 and NF-kappaB. We conclude that the direct interaction between Stat6 and NF-kappaB may provide a basis for synergistic activation of transcription by IL-4 and activators of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Shen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655-0122, USA
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Davis AJ, Davidson B, Hirschfield M, Lauri S, Lin JY, Norberg A, Phillips L, Pitman E, Shen CH, Vander Laan R. An international perspective of active euthanasia: attitudes of nurses in seven countries. Int J Nurs Stud 1993; 30:301-10. [PMID: 8375973 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7489(93)90102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This exploratory study examines the ethical justification that cancer care and dementia care nurses gave for active voluntary euthanasia. A convenient sample of 319 nurses working in seven countries was interviewed using a structured interview guide. The great majority of the nurses could not ethically justify active voluntary euthanasia. Even if the law changed, only 96 of the total sample viewed active voluntary euthanasia as ethical. For those nurses who could ethically justify active voluntary euthanasia, the majority did so because of the patients' suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Davis
- University of California, San Francisco
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45
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Lai YK, Shen CH, Cheng TJ, Hou MC, Lee WC. Enhanced phosphorylation of a 65 kDa protein is associated with rapid induction of stress proteins in 9L rat brain tumor cells. J Cell Biochem 1993; 51:369-79. [PMID: 8501139 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240510317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Induction of heat-shock proteins and glucose-regulated proteins in 9L rat brain tumor cells can be differentially elicited by sodium arsenite, cadmium chloride, zinc chloride, copper sulfate, sodium fluoride, and L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. The kinds of stress protein induced by the above chemicals varied considerably, mainly determined by the nature and the concentration of the chemicals, as well as the treatment protocols. In addition, at the concentrations where stress proteins can be induced, the above chemicals were able to suppress general protein synthesis and were cytotoxic. Enhanced phosphorylation of a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 65 kDa was detected during the induction of stress proteins except in azetidine treatments during which uptake of phosphate by the cells was impaired after prolonged incubation. The phosphate moiety on the 65 kDa phosphoprotein appeared to be alkaline-stable and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the phosphoprotein resolved into four isoforms with isoelectric points ranging from 5.1 to 5.6. Enhanced phosphorylation of the same protein was also detected in heat-shocked and withangulatin A-treated 9L cells in which stress proteins were induced. It is suggested that this phosphoprotein may be a common target for heat stress response-stimulated phosphorylation and important in the further metabolic responses of the cell to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Lai
- Institute of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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46
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Tian ZS, Shen CH, Li DH, Liu YY. [Experimental studies on the symptom-complex mechanism of pi man zao shi of dachengqi decoction]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1993; 18:170-4, 192. [PMID: 8352905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Experiments have shown that Dachengqi Decoction can inhibit the activity of G-germs which commonly grow in the intestinal tract, inactivate the endotoxin directly in vitro, reduce the amplitude of fever caused by endotoxin injected intravenously, promote the gastric secretion and gastric retaining in rats, and increase the level of glycogen in liver. It also has some other effects. All these actions contribute to the explanation on the efficacy of Dachengqi Decoction to purge off the internal heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Tianjin ITCWM Institute of Acute Abdomenal Diseases
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47
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Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA), a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, has been widely used as a tool for unravelling the regulation of cellular metabolic processes involving protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. It has recently been found that OA can induce reversible hyperphosphorylation of vimentin and reorganization of intermediate filaments [Lee et al., J. Cell. Biochem. 49: 378-393, 1992]. We report here that OA specifically induced the synthesis of a 78-kDa protein, which was identified as the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) by two-dimensional sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and peptide mapping. The induction of GRP78 by OA was dose-dependent and reversible. For 7 h treatments, GRP78 synthesis was initially enhanced under 50 nM OA and became the highest (about 6-fold) under 200 nM OA. Meanwhile, under 200 nM OA, GRP78 synthesis was initially enhanced after 4 h and reached its maximal level (about 8-fold) after 15 h of treatment. Subsequently, upon removal of OA, the level of OA-induced GRP78 was reduced to basal level after 12 h of recovery. Induction of GRP78 synthesis by OA was abolished in cells pretreated with actinomycin D and cycloheximide, indicating that it was regulated at the transcriptional level and its induction required de novo protein synthesis. Furthermore, OA suppressed protein glycosylation, and the result lent support to the hypothesis that suppression of protein glycosylation may correlate with induction of GRP78 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hou
- Institute of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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48
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Abstract
790 cases of cerebral astrocytoma, which consisted of 181 cases of astrocytoma grade I, 282 cases of grade II, and 327 cases of grade III-IV, histopathologically verified, are presented. The sex and age distribution, topographical distribution of the tumours, and clinical manifestations are analyzed. A total of 862 operations were performed, and 69 cases (8.6%) were operated on more than twice for recurrence. The operative mortality was 7.7%. 179 of the survivors following operation received a combined treatment with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Based on the follow-up study of 170 cases, the factors which may correlate with the length of survival, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q C Xue
- Dept. of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical College Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, China
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49
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