1
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Kermani AA. Applications of fluorescent protein tagging in structural studies of membrane proteins. FEBS J 2024; 291:2719-2732. [PMID: 37470714 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Generating active, pure, and monodisperse protein remains a major bottleneck for structural studies using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The current methodology heavily relies on overexpressing the recombinant protein fused with a histidine tag in conventional expression systems and evaluating the quality and stability of purified protein using size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This requires a large amount of protein and can be highly laborious and time consuming. Therefore, this approach is not suitable for high-throughput screening and low-expressing macromolecules, particularly eukaryotic membrane proteins. Using fluorescent proteins fused to the target protein (applicable to both soluble and membrane proteins) enables rapid and efficient screening of expression level and monodispersity of tens of unpurified constructs using fluorescence-based size exclusion chromatography (FSEC). Moreover, FSEC proves valuable for screening multiple detergents to identify the most stabilizing agent in the case of membrane proteins. Additionally, FSEC can facilitate nanodisc reconstitution by determining the optimal ratio of membrane scaffold protein (MSP), lipids, and target protein. The distinct advantages offered by FSEC indicate that fluorescent proteins can serve as a viable alternative to commonly used affinity tags for both characterization and purification purposes. In this review, I will summarize the advantages of this technique using examples from my own work. It should be noted that this article is not intended to provide an exhaustive review of all available literature, but rather to offer representative examples of FSEC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Kermani
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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2
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Baker JG, Summers RJ. Adrenoceptors: Receptors, Ligands and Their Clinical Uses, Molecular Pharmacology and Assays. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38926158 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The nine G protein-coupled adrenoceptor subtypes are where the endogenous catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline interact with cells. Since they are important therapeutic targets, over a century of effort has been put into developing drugs that modify their activity. This chapter provides an outline of how we have arrived at current knowledge of the receptors, their physiological roles and the methods used to develop ligands. Initial studies in vivo and in vitro with isolated organs and tissues progressed to cell-based techniques and the use of cloned adrenoceptor subtypes together with high-throughput assays that allow close examination of receptors and their signalling pathways. The crystal structures of many of the adrenoceptor subtypes have now been determined opening up new possibilities for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian G Baker
- Cell Signalling, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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3
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Batebi H, Pérez-Hernández G, Rahman SN, Lan B, Kamprad A, Shi M, Speck D, Tiemann JKS, Guixà-González R, Reinhardt F, Stadler PF, Papasergi-Scott MM, Skiniotis G, Scheerer P, Kobilka BK, Mathiesen JM, Liu X, Hildebrand PW. Mechanistic insights into G-protein coupling with an agonist-bound G-protein-coupled receptor. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024:10.1038/s41594-024-01334-2. [PMID: 38867113 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-024-01334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by promoting guanine nucleotide exchange. Here, we investigate the coupling of G proteins with GPCRs and describe the events that ultimately lead to the ejection of GDP from its binding pocket in the Gα subunit, the rate-limiting step during G-protein activation. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the temporal progression of structural rearrangements of GDP-bound Gs protein (Gs·GDP; hereafter GsGDP) upon coupling to the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) in atomic detail. The binding of GsGDP to the β2AR is followed by long-range allosteric effects that significantly reduce the energy needed for GDP release: the opening of α1-αF helices, the displacement of the αG helix and the opening of the α-helical domain. Signal propagation to the Gs occurs through an extended receptor interface, including a lysine-rich motif at the intracellular end of a kinked transmembrane helix 6, which was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays. From this β2AR-GsGDP intermediate, Gs undergoes an in-plane rotation along the receptor axis to approach the β2AR-Gsempty state. The simulations shed light on how the structural elements at the receptor-G-protein interface may interact to transmit the signal over 30 Å to the nucleotide-binding site. Our analysis extends the current limited view of nucleotide-free snapshots to include additional states and structural features responsible for signaling and G-protein coupling specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Batebi
- Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Hernández
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina N Rahman
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Baoliang Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Antje Kamprad
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mingyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - David Speck
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna K S Tiemann
- Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany
- Novozymes A/S, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franziska Reinhardt
- Universität Leipzig, Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Universität Leipzig, Department of Computer Science, Bioinformatics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Makaía M Papasergi-Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jesper M Mathiesen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Institut für Medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Leipzig, Germany.
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Thakur N, Ray AP, Jin B, Afsharian NP, Lyman E, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Eddy MT. Membrane mimetic-dependence of GPCR energy landscapes. Structure 2024; 32:523-535.e5. [PMID: 38401537 PMCID: PMC11069452 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
We leveraged variable-temperature 19F-NMR spectroscopy to compare the conformational equilibria of the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR), a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), across a range of temperatures ranging from lower temperatures typically employed in 19F-NMR experiments to physiological temperature. A2AAR complexes with partial agonists and full agonists showed large increases in the population of a fully active conformation with increasing temperature. NMR data measured at physiological temperature were more in line with functional data. This was pronounced for complexes with partial agonists, where the population of active A2AAR was nearly undetectable at lower temperature but became evident at physiological temperature. Temperature-dependent behavior of complexes with either full or partial agonists exhibited a pronounced sensitivity to the specific membrane mimetic employed. Cellular signaling experiments correlated with the temperature-dependent conformational equilibria of A2AAR in lipid nanodiscs but not in some detergents, underscoring the importance of the membrane environment in studies of GPCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Arka Prabha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Beining Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Edward Lyman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew T Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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5
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Papasergi-Scott MM, Pérez-Hernández G, Batebi H, Gao Y, Eskici G, Seven AB, Panova O, Hilger D, Casiraghi M, He F, Maul L, Gmeiner P, Kobilka BK, Hildebrand PW, Skiniotis G. Time-resolved cryo-EM of G-protein activation by a GPCR. Nature 2024; 629:1182-1191. [PMID: 38480881 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by stimulating guanine nucleotide exchange in the Gα subunit1. To visualize this mechanism, we developed a time-resolved cryo-EM approach that examines the progression of ensembles of pre-steady-state intermediates of a GPCR-G-protein complex. By monitoring the transitions of the stimulatory Gs protein in complex with the β2-adrenergic receptor at short sequential time points after GTP addition, we identified the conformational trajectory underlying G-protein activation and functional dissociation from the receptor. Twenty structures generated from sequential overlapping particle subsets along this trajectory, compared to control structures, provide a high-resolution description of the order of main events driving G-protein activation in response to GTP binding. Structural changes propagate from the nucleotide-binding pocket and extend through the GTPase domain, enacting alterations to Gα switch regions and the α5 helix that weaken the G-protein-receptor interface. Molecular dynamics simulations with late structures in the cryo-EM trajectory support that enhanced ordering of GTP on closure of the α-helical domain against the nucleotide-bound Ras-homology domain correlates with α5 helix destabilization and eventual dissociation of the G protein from the GPCR. These findings also highlight the potential of time-resolved cryo-EM as a tool for mechanistic dissection of GPCR signalling events.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Binding Sites
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/drug effects
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/ultrastructure
- Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Guanosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/ultrastructure
- Time Factors
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Protein Domains
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Makaía M Papasergi-Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Hernández
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hossein Batebi
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gözde Eskici
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alpay B Seven
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ouliana Panova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Hilger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marina Casiraghi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Feng He
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Luis Maul
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Casiraghi M, Wang H, Brennan P, Habrian C, Hubner H, Schmidt MF, Maul L, Pani B, Bahriz SM, Xu B, White E, Sunahara RK, Xiang YK, Lefkowitz RJ, Isacoff EY, Nucci N, Gmeiner P, Lerch M, Kobilka BK. Structure and dynamics determine G protein coupling specificity at a class A GPCR. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587240. [PMID: 38586060 PMCID: PMC10996611 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) exhibit varying degrees of selectivity for different G protein isoforms. Despite the abundant structures of GPCR-G protein complexes, little is known about the mechanism of G protein coupling specificity. The β2-adrenergic receptor is an example of GPCR with high selectivity for Gαs, the stimulatory G protein for adenylyl cyclase, and much weaker for the Gαi family of G proteins inhibiting adenylyl cyclase. By developing a new Gαi-biased agonist (LM189), we provide structural and biophysical evidence supporting that distinct conformations at ICL2 and TM6 are required for coupling of the different G protein subtypes Gαs and Gαi. These results deepen our understanding of G protein specificity and bias and can accelerate the design of ligands that select for preferred signaling pathways.
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7
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Ham D, Inoue A, Xu J, Du Y, Chung KY. Molecular mechanism of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 interaction with Gq. Commun Biol 2024; 7:362. [PMID: 38521872 PMCID: PMC10960872 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 (M3) and its downstream effector Gq/11 are critical drug development targets due to their involvement in physiopathological processes. Although the structure of the M3-miniGq complex was recently published, the lack of information on the intracellular loop 3 (ICL3) of M3 and extensive modification of Gαq impedes the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of M3-Gq coupling under more physiological condition. Here, we describe the molecular mechanism underlying the dynamic interactions between full-length wild-type M3 and Gq using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and NanoLuc Binary Technology-based cell systems. We propose a detailed analysis of M3-Gq coupling through examination of previously well-defined binding interfaces and neglected regions. Our findings suggest potential binding interfaces between M3 and Gq in pre-assembled and functionally active complexes. Furthermore, M3 ICL3 negatively affected M3-Gq coupling, and the Gαq AHD underwent unique conformational changes during M3-Gq coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghee Ham
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Jun Xu
- Molecular and Cellular Physiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Futian Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Nikte SV, Joshi M, Sengupta D. State-dependent dynamics of extramembrane domains in the β 2 -adrenergic receptor. Proteins 2024; 92:317-328. [PMID: 37864328 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound signaling proteins that play an essential role in cellular signaling processes. Due to their intrinsic function of transmitting internal signals in response to external cues, these receptors are adapted to be highly dynamic in nature. The β2 -adrenergic receptor (β2 AR) is a representative member of the family that has been extensively analyzed in terms of its structure and activation. Although the structure of the transmembrane domain has been characterized in the different functional states of the receptor, the conformational dynamics of the extramembrane domains, especially the intrinsically disordered regions are still emerging. In this study, we analyze the state-dependent dynamics of extramembrane domains of β2 AR using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. We introduce a parameter, the residue excess dynamics that allows us to better quantify receptor dynamics. Using this measure, we show that the dynamics of the extramembrane domains are sensitive to the receptor state. Interestingly, the ligand-bound intermediateR ' state shows the maximal dynamics compared to either the active R*G or inactive R states. Ligand binding appears to be correlated with high residue excess dynamics that are dampened upon G protein coupling. The intracellular loop-3 (ICL3) domain has a tendency to flip towards the membrane upon ligand binding, which could contribute to receptor "priming." We highlight an important ICL1-helix-8 interplay that is broken in the ligand-bound state but is retained in the active state. Overall, our study highlights the importance of characterizing the functional dynamics of the GPCR loop domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhanta V Nikte
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Manali Joshi
- Bioinformatics Center, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Durba Sengupta
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Asakawa S, Shibata S. Anti-adrenergic agents and the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:796-798. [PMID: 38135846 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Asakawa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi City, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi City, Tokyo, Japan.
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10
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Jones AJY, Harman TH, Harris M, Lewis OE, Ladds G, Nietlispach D. Binding kinetics drive G protein subtype selectivity at the β 1-adrenergic receptor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1334. [PMID: 38351103 PMCID: PMC10864275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) bind to different G protein α-subtypes with varying degrees of selectivity. The mechanism by which GPCRs achieve this selectivity is still unclear. Using 13C methyl methionine and 19F NMR, we investigate the agonist-bound active state of β1AR and its ternary complexes with different G proteins in solution. We find the receptor in the ternary complexes adopts very similar conformations. In contrast, the full agonist-bound receptor active state assumes a conformation differing from previously characterised activation intermediates or from β1AR in ternary complexes. Assessing the kinetics of binding for the agonist-bound receptor with different G proteins, we find the increased affinity of β1AR for Gs results from its much faster association with the receptor. Consequently, we suggest a kinetic-driven selectivity gate between canonical and secondary coupling which arises from differential favourability of G protein binding to the agonist-bound receptor active state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Y Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Thomas H Harman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Matthew Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Oliver E Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Daniel Nietlispach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
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11
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Jabloñski M, Rodríguez MS, Rivero EM, Bruque CD, Vanzulli S, Bruzzone A, Pérez Piñero C, Lüthy IA. The Beta2-adrenergic agonist salbutamol synergizes with paclitaxel on cell proliferation and tumor growth in triple negative breast cancer models. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:485-499. [PMID: 37725114 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Globally breast cancer accounts for 24.5% in incidence and 15.5% in cancer deaths in women. The triple-negative subtype lacks any specific therapy and is treated with chemotherapy, resulting in significant side-effects. We aimed to investigate if the dose of chemotherapeutic drugs could be diminished by co-administering it with the β2-agonist salbutamol. METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by thymidine incorporation; gene expression, by real-time PCR and protein phosphorylation by WB. Apoptosis was assessed by acridine orange / ethidium bromide and TUNEL tests. Public patient databases were consulted. Cells were inoculated to nude mice and their growth assessed. RESULTS The β2-agonist salbutamol synergizes in MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro with paclitaxel and doxorubicin on cell proliferation through ADRB2 receptors, while the β-blocker propranolol does not. The expression of this receptor was assessed in patient databases and other cell lines. Triple negative samples had the lowest expression. Salbutamol and paclitaxel decreased MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation while their combination further inhibited it. The pathways involved were analyzed. When these cells were inoculated to nude mice, paclitaxel and salbutamol inhibited tumor growth. The combined effect was significantly greater. Paclitaxel increased the expression of MDR1 while salbutamol partially reversed this increase. CONCLUSION While the effect of salbutamol was mainly on cell proliferation, suboptimal concentrations of paclitaxel provoked a very important enhancement of apoptosis. The latter enhanced transporter proteins as MDR1, whose expression were diminished by salbutamol. The expression of ADRB2 should be assessed in the biopsy or tumor to eventually select patients that could benefit from salbutamol repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Jabloñski
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Mariano Rivero
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos David Bruque
- Unidad de Conocimiento Traslacional Hospitalaria Patagónica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad SAMIC - El Calafate, El Calafate, Argentina
| | | | - Ariana Bruzzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Pérez Piñero
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Isabel Alicia Lüthy
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Obligado 2490, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Li X, Shi R, Yan L, Chu W, Sun R, Zheng B, Wang S, Tan H, Wang X, Gao Y. Natural product rhynchophylline prevents stress-induced hair graying by preserving melanocyte stem cells via the β2 adrenergic pathway suppression. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:54. [PMID: 38036925 PMCID: PMC10689686 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NA), a stress hormone, can accelerate hair graying by binding to β2 adrenergic receptors (β2AR) on melanocyte stem cells (McSCs). From this, NA-β2AR axis could be a potential target for preventing the stress effect. However, identifying selective blockers for β2AR has been a key challenge. Therefore, in this study, advanced computer-aided drug design (CADD) techniques were harnessed to screen natural molecules, leading to the discovery of rhynchophylline as a promising compound. Rhynchophylline exhibited strong and stable binding within the active site of β2AR, as verified by molecular docking and dynamic simulation assays. When administered to cells, rhynchophylline effectively inhibited NA-β2AR signaling. This intervention resulted in a significant reduction of hair graying in a stress-induced mouse model, from 28.5% to 8.2%. To gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms, transcriptome sequencing was employed, which revealed that NA might disrupt melanogenesis by affecting intracellular calcium balance and promoting cell apoptosis. Importantly, rhynchophylline acted as a potent inhibitor of these downstream pathways. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that rhynchophylline has the potential to mitigate the negative impact of NA on melanogenesis by targeting β2AR, thus offering a promising solution for preventing stress-induced hair graying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
- Center for Child Care and Mental Health, Shenzhen Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518026, China
| | - Runlu Shi
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lingchen Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Ruishuang Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Binkai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- The Yonghe Medical Beauty Clinic Department, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Center for Child Care and Mental Health, Shenzhen Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shenzhen, 518026, China.
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233004, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 528000, China.
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13
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Thakur N, Ray AP, Lyman E, Gao ZG, Jacobson KA, Eddy MT. Membrane Mimetic-Dependence of GPCR Energy Landscapes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562552. [PMID: 37905159 PMCID: PMC10614885 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein function strongly depends on temperature, which is related to temperature-dependent changes in the equilibria of protein conformational states. We leveraged variable-temperature 19F-NMR spectroscopy to interrogate the temperature dependence of the conformational landscape of the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR), a class A GPCR. Temperature-induced changes in the conformational equilibria of A2AAR in lipid nanodiscs were markedly dependent on the efficacy of bound drugs. While antagonist complexes displayed only modest changes as the temperature rose, both full and partial agonist complexes exhibited substantial increases in the active state population. Importantly, the temperature-dependent response of complexes with both full and partial agonists exhibited a pronounced sensitivity to the specific membrane mimetic employed. In striking contrast to observations within lipid nanodiscs, in detergent micelles the active state population exhibited different behavior for A2AAR complexes with both full and partial agonists. This underscores the importance of the protein environment in understanding the thermodynamics of GPCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Arka Prabha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Edward Lyman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew T Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 126 Sisler Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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14
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Junker H, Meiler J, Schoeder CT. Interplay of thermodynamics and evolution within the ternary ligand-GPCR-G protein complex. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 82:102656. [PMID: 37467526 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) dynamics report that GPCRs adopt a wide range of conformations that coexist in equilibrium, with the apo state of a GPCR having a high entropy. The formation of a ligand-GPCR-transducer complex comes with a reduction of conformational space and therefore with an entropic cost. We hypothesize that the availability of binding partners, their binding affinity and the rigidity of the respective binding sites are reflected in a distinct degree of sequence conservation to balance the energetic cost of intra- and extracellular binding events. Here, we outline the current findings in delineating the conformational space and include sequential conservation of many-to-many ligand-receptor systems to discuss the entropic cost that comes with GPCR signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Junker
- Institute for Drug Discovery, University Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Meiler
- Institute for Drug Discovery, University Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Clara T Schoeder
- Institute for Drug Discovery, University Leipzig, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany.
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15
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Jin B, Thakur N, Wijesekara AV, Eddy MT. Illuminating GPCR signaling mechanisms by NMR spectroscopy with stable-isotope labeled receptors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 72:102364. [PMID: 37612173 PMCID: PMC11221349 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) exhibit remarkable structural plasticity, which underlies their capacity to recognize a wide range of extracellular molecules and interact with intracellular partner proteins. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is uniquely well-suited to investigate GPCR structural plasticity, enabled by stable-isotope "probes" incorporated into receptors that inform on structure and dynamics. Progress with stable-isotope labeling methods in Eukaryotic expression systems has enabled production of native or nearly-native human receptors with varied and complementary distributions of NMR probes. These advances have opened up new avenues for investigating the roles of conformational dynamics in signaling processes, including by mapping allosteric communication networks, understanding the specificity of GPCR interactions with partner proteins and exploring the impact of membrane environments on GPCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beining Jin
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Naveen Thakur
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Eddy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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16
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Yeon JW, Kim B, Byun J, Jung S, Park J, Han M, Baek SK, Kim TH. Regulation of T Helper Cell Type 2 Immune Response by Controlling Beta-2 Adrenergic Receptor in Dendritic Cells of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:1173-1183. [PMID: 37717570 DOI: 10.1159/000531956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic diseases are mediated by T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cells, which are differentiated by dendritic cells (DCs). Recently, it was reported that cAMP concentration in DCs is important for inducing allergic responses. However, the regulatory function of cAMP in DCs in Th2 immune responses is unclear. It was hypothesized that the regulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to increase cAMP levels in DCs would reduce Th2 immune responses. METHODS Human DCs from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and from healthy controls were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify potential GPCR. To investigate the functions of GPCR agonists, the in vitro co-culture experiment that THP-1 cells were differentiated into DCs and cultured with human CD4+ T-cells and an AR animal in vivo model were used. RESULTS Among the GPCRs, the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) of allergic DCs was significantly increased by NGS analysis. The expression of ADRB2 was also increased in Der p 1-treated DCs, which was reduced by treatment with the ADRB2 agonist salbutamol. Salbutamol treatment induced cAMP production in THP-1 derived DCs. In an in vitro co-culture experiment, salbutamol-treated DCs reduced the secretion of Th2 cytokine. In an in vivo AR animal experiment, salbutamol-administered mice showed reduced allergic behavior and Th2 cytokine expression in the nasal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The regulation of ADRB2 with salbutamol alleviated the allergic response in vitro DC-T cell co-culture and in vivo AR animal models, suggesting that ADRB2 is a therapeutic target for AR and that ADRB2 agonists may be a promising medication for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woo Yeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Junhyoung Byun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Semyoung Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Munsoo Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mucosal Immunology Institute, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kuk Baek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mucosal Immunology Institute, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Mucosal Immunology Institute, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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17
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Bueschbell B, Magalhães PR, Barreto CA, Melo R, Schiedel AC, Machuqueiro M, Moreira IS. The World of GPCR dimers - Mapping dopamine receptor D 2 homodimers in different activation states and configuration arrangements. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:4336-4353. [PMID: 37711187 PMCID: PMC10497915 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to dimerize, but the molecular and structural basis of GPCR dimers is not well understood. In this study, we developed a computational framework to generate models of symmetric and asymmetric GPCR dimers using different monomer activation states and identified their most likely interfaces with molecular details. We chose the dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) homodimer as a case study because of its biological relevance and the availability of structural information. Our results showed that transmembrane domains 4 and 5 (TM4 and TM5) are mostly found at the dimer interface of the D2R dimer and that these interfaces have a subset of key residues that are mostly nonpolar from TM4 and TM5, which was in line with experimental studies. In addition, TM2 and TM3 appear to be relevant for D2R dimers. In some cases, the inactive configuration is unaffected by the partnered protomer, whereas in others, the active protomer adopts the properties of an inactive receptor. Additionally, the β-arrestin configuration displayed the properties of an active receptor in the absence of an agonist, suggesting that a switch to another meta-state during dimerization occurred. Our findings are consistent with the experimental data, and this method can be adapted to study heterodimers and potentially extended to include additional proteins such as G proteins or β-arrestins. In summary, this approach provides insight into the impact of the conformational status of partnered protomers on the overall quaternary GPCR macromolecular structure and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bueschbell
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIs-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro R. Magalhães
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande C8 bdg, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A.V. Barreto
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIs-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Melo
- CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande C8 bdg, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Seufert F, Chung YK, Hildebrand PW, Langenhan T. 7TM domain structures of adhesion GPCRs: what's new and what's missing? Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:726-739. [PMID: 37349240 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion-type G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) have long resisted approaches to resolve the structural details of their heptahelical transmembrane (7TM) domains. Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently produced aGPCR 7TM domain structures for ADGRD1, ADGRG1, ADGRG2, ADGRG3, ADGRG4, ADGRG5, ADGRF1, and ADGRL3. We review the unique properties, including the position and conformation of their activating tethered agonist (TA) and signaling motifs within the 7TM bundle, that the novel structures have helped to identify. We also discuss questions that the kaleidoscope of novel aGPCR 7TM domain structures have left unanswered. These concern the relative positions, orientations, and interactions of the 7TM and GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domains with one another. Clarifying their interplay remains an important goal of future structural studies on aGPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Seufert
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin Kwan Chung
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tobias Langenhan
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Division of General Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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19
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Araldi D, Green PG, Levine JD. Neuroendocrine mechanisms in oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesic priming. Pain 2023; 164:1375-1387. [PMID: 36729863 PMCID: PMC10182219 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Stress plays a major role in the symptom burden of oncology patients and can exacerbate cancer chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a major adverse effect of many classes of chemotherapy. We explored the role of stress in the persistent phase of the pain induced by oxaliplatin. Oxaliplatin induced hyperalgesic priming, a model of the transition to chronic pain, as indicated by prolongation of hyperalgesia produced by prostaglandin E 2 , in male rats, which was markedly attenuated in adrenalectomized rats. A neonatal handling protocol that induces stress resilience in adult rats prevented oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesic priming. To elucidate the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathoadrenal neuroendocrine stress axes in oxaliplatin CIPN, we used intrathecally administered antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) directed against mRNA for receptors mediating the effects of catecholamines and glucocorticoids, and their second messengers, to reduce their expression in nociceptors. Although oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesic priming was attenuated by intrathecal administration of β 2 -adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptor antisense ODNs, oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesia was only attenuated by β 2 -adrenergic receptor antisense. Administration of pertussis toxin, a nonselective inhibitor of Gα i/o proteins, attenuated hyperalgesic priming. Antisense ODNs for Gα i 1 and Gα o also attenuated hyperalgesic priming. Furthermore, antisense for protein kinase C epsilon, a second messenger involved in type I hyperalgesic priming, also attenuated oxaliplatin-induced hyperalgesic priming. Inhibitors of second messengers involved in the maintenance of type I (cordycepin) and type II (SSU6656 and U0126) hyperalgesic priming both attenuated hyperalgesic priming. These experiments support a role for neuroendocrine stress axes in hyperalgesic priming, in male rats with oxaliplatin CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul G. Green
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and
- Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jon D. Levine
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and
- Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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20
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Heng J, Hu Y, Pérez-Hernández G, Inoue A, Zhao J, Ma X, Sun X, Kawakami K, Ikuta T, Ding J, Yang Y, Zhang L, Peng S, Niu X, Li H, Guixà-González R, Jin C, Hildebrand PW, Chen C, Kobilka BK. Function and dynamics of the intrinsically disordered carboxyl terminus of β2 adrenergic receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2005. [PMID: 37037825 PMCID: PMC10085991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in structural biology have provided important mechanistic insights into signaling by the transmembrane core of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs); however, much less is known about intrinsically disordered regions such as the carboxyl terminus (CT), which is highly flexible and not visible in GPCR structures. The β2 adrenergic receptor's (β2AR) 71 amino acid CT is a substrate for GPCR kinases and binds β-arrestins to regulate signaling. Here we show that the β2AR CT directly inhibits basal and agonist-stimulated signaling in cell lines lacking β-arrestins. Combining single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), NMR spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that the negatively charged β2AR-CT serves as an autoinhibitory factor via interacting with the positively charged cytoplasmic surface of the receptor to limit access to G-proteins. The stability of this interaction is influenced by agonists and allosteric modulators, emphasizing that the CT plays important role in allosterically regulating GPCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Heng
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunfei Hu
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Hernández
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiuyan Ma
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ikuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jienv Ding
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lujia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sijia Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaogang Niu
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ramon Guixà-González
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232, Villigen, PSI, Switzerland
| | - Changwen Jin
- Beijing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peter W Hildebrand
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chunlai Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Brian K Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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21
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Papasergi-Scott MM, Pérez-Hernández G, Batebi H, Gao Y, Eskici G, Seven AB, Panova O, Hilger D, Casiraghi M, He F, Maul L, Gmeiner P, Kobilka BK, Hildebrand PW, Skiniotis G. Time-resolved cryo-EM of G protein activation by a GPCR. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.20.533387. [PMID: 36993214 PMCID: PMC10055275 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by stimulating the exchange of guanine nucleotide in the Gα subunit. To visualize this mechanism, we developed a time-resolved cryo-EM approach that examines the progression of ensembles of pre-steady-state intermediates of a GPCR-G protein complex. Using variability analysis to monitor the transitions of the stimulatory Gs protein in complex with the β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR) at short sequential time points after GTP addition, we identified the conformational trajectory underlying G protein activation and functional dissociation from the receptor. Twenty transition structures generated from sequential overlapping particle subsets along this trajectory, compared to control structures, provide a high-resolution description of the order of events driving G protein activation upon GTP binding. Structural changes propagate from the nucleotide-binding pocket and extend through the GTPase domain, enacting alterations to Gα Switch regions and the α5 helix that weaken the G protein-receptor interface. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with late structures in the cryo-EM trajectory support that enhanced ordering of GTP upon closure of the alpha-helical domain (AHD) against the nucleotide-bound Ras-homology domain (RHD) correlates with irreversible α5 helix destabilization and eventual dissociation of the G protein from the GPCR. These findings also highlight the potential of time-resolved cryo-EM as a tool for mechanistic dissection of GPCR signaling events.
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22
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Cammalleri M, Amato R, Dal Monte M, Filippi L, Bagnoli P. The β3 adrenoceptor in proliferative retinopathies: "Cinderella" steps out of its family shadow. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106713. [PMID: 36863427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In the retina, hypoxic condition leads to overgrowing leaky vessels resulting in altered metabolic supply that may cause impaired visual function. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a central regulator of the retinal response to hypoxia by activating the transcription of numerous target genes, including vascular endothelium growth factor, which acts as a major player in retinal angiogenesis. In the present review, oxygen urge by the retina and its oxygen sensing systems including HIF-1 are discussed in respect to the role of the beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) and their pharmacologic manipulation in the vascular response to hypoxia. In the β-AR family, β1- and β2-AR have long been attracting attention because their pharmacology is intensely used for human health, while β3-AR, the third and last cloned receptor is no longer increasingly emerging as an attractive target for drug discovery. Here, β3-AR, a main character in several organs including the heart, the adipose tissue and the urinary bladder, but so far a supporting actor in the retina, has been thoroughly examined in respect to its function in retinal response to hypoxia. In particular, its oxygen dependence has been taken as a key indicator of β3-AR involvement in HIF-1-mediated responses to oxygen. Hence, the possibility of β3-AR transcription by HIF-1 has been discussed from early circumstantial evidence to the recent demonstration that β3-AR acts as a novel HIF-1 target gene by playing like a putative intermediary between oxygen levels and retinal vessel proliferation. Thus, targeting β3-AR may implement the therapeutic armamentarium against neovascular pathologies of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Filippi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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23
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Sarkar A, Mitra A, Borics A. All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations Indicated the Involvement of a Conserved Polar Signaling Channel in the Activation Mechanism of the Type I Cannabinoid Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044232. [PMID: 36835641 PMCID: PMC9963961 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The type I cannabinoid G protein-coupled receptor (CB1, GPCR) is an intensely investigated pharmacological target, owing to its involvement in numerous physiological functions as well as pathological processes such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and neuropathic pain. In order to develop modern medications that exert their effects through binding to the CB1 receptor, it is essential to understand the structural mechanism of activation of this protein. The pool of atomic resolution experimental structures of GPCRs has been expanding rapidly in the past decade, providing invaluable information about the function of these receptors. According to the current state of the art, the activity of GPCRs involves structurally distinct, dynamically interconverting functional states and the activation is controlled by a cascade of interconnecting conformational switches in the transmembrane domain. A current challenge is to uncover how different functional states are activated and what specific ligand properties are responsible for the selectivity towards those different functional states. Our recent studies of the μ-opioid and β2-adrenergic receptors (MOP and β2AR, respectively) revealed that the orthosteric binding pockets and the intracellular surfaces of these receptors are connected through a channel of highly conserved polar amino acids whose dynamic motions are in high correlation in the agonist- and G protein-bound active states. This and independent literature data led us to hypothesize that, in addition to consecutive conformational transitions, a shift of macroscopic polarization takes place in the transmembrane domain, which is furnished by the rearrangement of polar species through their concerted movements. Here, we examined the CB1 receptor signaling complexes utilizing microsecond scale, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in order to see if our previous assumptions could be applied to the CB1 receptor too. Apart from the identification of the previously proposed general features of the activation mechanism, several specific properties of the CB1 have been indicated that could possibly be associated with the signaling profile of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 97 Tisza L. krt., H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Argha Mitra
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 97 Tisza L. krt., H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Borics
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 62 Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-599-600 (ext. 430)
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24
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Leemann S, Kleinlogel S. Functional optimization of light-activatable Opto-GPCRs: Illuminating the importance of the proximal C-terminus in G-protein specificity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1053022. [PMID: 36936685 PMCID: PMC10014536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1053022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of human receptors that transmit signals from natural ligands and pharmaceutical drugs into essentially every physiological process. One main characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors is their ability to specifically couple with different families of G-proteins, thereby triggering specific downstream signaling pathways. While an abundance of structural information is available on G-protein coupled receptorn interactions with G-proteins, little is known about the G-protein coupled receptor domains functionally mediating G-protein specificity, in particular the proximal C-terminus, the structure which cannot be predicted with high confidentiality due to its flexibility. Methods: In this study, we exploited OptoGPCR chimeras between lightgated G-protein coupled receptors (opsins) and ligand-gated G-protein coupled receptors to systematically investigate the involvement of the C-terminus steering G-protein specificity. We employed rhodopsin-beta2-adrenoceptor and melanopsin-mGluR6 chimeras in second messenger assays and developed structural models of the chimeras. Results: We discovered a dominant role of the proximal C-terminus, dictating G-protein selectivity in the melanopsin-mGluR6 chimera, whereas it is the intracellular loop 3, which steers G-protein tropism in the rhodopsin-beta2-adrenoceptor. From the functional results and structural predictions, melanopsin and mGluR6 use a different mechanism to bovine rhodopsin and b2AR to couple to a selective G-protein. Discussion: Collectively, this work adds knowledge to the G-protein coupled receptor domains mediating G-protein selectivity, ultimately paving the way to optogenetically elicited specific G-protein signaling on demand.
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25
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Johri N, Matreja PS, Maurya A, Varshney S, Smritigandha. Role of β-blockers in Preventing Heart Failure and Major Adverse Cardiac Events Post Myocardial Infarction. Curr Cardiol Rev 2023; 19:e110123212591. [PMID: 36635926 PMCID: PMC10494272 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x19666230111143901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
β-blockers have been widely utilized as a part of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treatment for the past 40 years. Patients receiving β-adrenergic blockers for an extended period following myocardial infarction have a higher chance of surviving. Although many patients benefited from β-blockers, many do not, including those with myocardial infarction, left ventricle dysfunction, chronic pulmonary disease, and elderly people. In individuals with the post-acute coronary syndrome and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the appropriate duration of betablocker therapy is still unknown. There is also no time limit for those without angina and those who do not need β-blockers for arrhythmia or hypertension. Interestingly, β-blockers have been prescribed for more than four decades. The novel mechanism of action on cellular compartments has been found continually, which opens a new way for their potential application in cardiac failure and other cardiac events like post-myocardial infarction. Here, in this review, we studied β-blocker usage in these circumstances and the current recommendations for β-blocker use from clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Johri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prithpal S. Matreja
- Department of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditya Maurya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Varshney
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Smritigandha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Yan JT, Zhu YZ, Liang L, Feng XY. NE-activated β 2-AR/β-arrestin 2/Src pathway mediates duodenal hyperpermeability induced by water-immersion restraint stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C133-C141. [PMID: 36440855 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00412.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stress causes a rapid spike in norepinephrine (NE) levels, leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction. NE reduces the expression of tight junctions (TJs) and aggravates intestinal mucosal damage, but the regulatory mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of stress-associated duodenal hyperpermeability by NE. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability, transepithelial resistance, immunofluorescence, Western blot, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis were used in water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS) rats in this study. The results indicate that the duodenal permeability, degradation of TJs, mucosal NE, and β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) increased in WIRS rats. The duodenal intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels were decreased, whereas the expression of β-arrestin 2 negatively regulates G protein-coupled receptors signaling, was significantly increased. Src recruitment was mediated by β-arrestin; thus, the levels of Src kinase activation were enhanced in WIRS rats. NE depletion, β2-AR, or β-arrestin 2 blockade significantly decreased mucosal permeability and increased TJs expression, suggesting improved mucosal barrier function. Moreover, NE induced an increased duodenal permeability of normal rats with activated β-arrestin 2/Src signaling, which was significantly inhibited by β2-AR blockade. The present findings demonstrate that the enhanced NE induced an increased duodenal permeability in WIRS rats through the activated β2-AR/β-arrestin 2/Src pathway. This study provides novel insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of NE on the duodenal mucosal barrier and a new target for treating duodenal ulcers induced by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ting Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Anesthesia and Respiratory Critical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yin-Zhe Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Grade 2020 Pediatrics, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Ferré G, Anazia K, Silva LO, Thakur N, Ray AP, Eddy MT. Global insights into the fine tuning of human A 2AAR conformational dynamics in a ternary complex with an engineered G protein viewed by NMR. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111844. [PMID: 36543140 PMCID: PMC9832913 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) conformational plasticity enables formation of ternary signaling complexes with intracellular proteins in response to binding extracellular ligands. We investigate the dynamic process of GPCR complex formation in solution with the human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) and an engineered Gs protein, mini-Gs. 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data with uniform stable isotope-labeled A2AAR enabled a global comparison of A2AAR conformations between complexes with an agonist and mini-Gs and with an agonist alone. The two conformations are similar and show subtle differences at the receptor intracellular surface, supporting a model whereby agonist binding alone is sufficient to populate a conformation resembling the active state. However, an A2AAR "hot spot" connecting the extracellular ligand-binding pocket to the intracellular surface is observed to be highly dynamic in the ternary complex, suggesting a mechanism for allosteric connection between the bound G protein and the drug-binding pocket involving structural plasticity of the "toggle switch" tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ferré
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA,Present address: Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale; Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier; Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Kara Anazia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Larissa O. Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Naveen Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Arka P. Ray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew T. Eddy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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28
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De Pascali F, Ippolito M, Wolfe E, Komolov KE, Hopfinger N, Lemenze D, Kim N, Armen RS, An SS, Scott CP, Benovic JL. β 2 -Adrenoceptor agonist profiling reveals biased signalling phenotypes for the β 2 -adrenoceptor with possible implications for the treatment of asthma. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4692-4708. [PMID: 35732075 PMCID: PMC9474705 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE β-Adrenoceptor agonists relieve airflow obstruction by activating β2 -adrenoceptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. The currently available β-adrenoceptor agonists are balanced agonists, however, and signal through both the stimulatory G protein (Gs )- and β-arrestin-mediated pathways. While Gs signalling is beneficial and promotes HASM relaxation, β-arrestin activation is associated with reduced Gs efficacy. In this context, biased ligands that selectively promote β2 -adrenoceptor coupling to Gs signalling represent a promising strategy to treat asthma. Here, we examined several β-adrenoceptor agonists to identify Gs -biased ligands devoid of β-arrestin-mediated effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gs -biased ligands for the β2 -adrenoceptor were identified by high-throughput screening and then evaluated for Gs interaction, Gi interaction, cAMP production, β-arrestin interaction, GPCR kinase (GRK) phosphorylation of the receptor, receptor trafficking, ERK activation, and functional desensitization of the β2 -adrenoceptor. KEY RESULTS We identified ractopamine, dobutamine, and higenamine as Gs -biased agonists that activate the Gs /cAMP pathway upon β2 -adrenoceptor stimulation while showing minimal Gi or β-arrestin interaction. Furthermore, these compounds did not induce any receptor trafficking and had reduced GRK5-mediated phosphorylation of the β2 -adrenoceptor. Finally, we observed minimal physiological desensitization of the β2 -adrenoceptor in primary HASM cells upon treatment with biased agonists. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our work demonstrates that Gs -biased signalling through the β2 -adrenoceptor may prove to be an effective strategy to promote HASM relaxation in the treatment of asthma. Such biased compounds may also be useful in identifying the molecular mechanisms that determine biased signalling and in design of safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Pascali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Michael Ippolito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Emily Wolfe
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Konstantin E. Komolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathan Hopfinger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Douglas Lemenze
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicholas Kim
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Roger S. Armen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven S. An
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, New Brunswick, New Jersey and Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Charles P. Scott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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29
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Yang L, Liu D, Wüthrich K. GPCR structural characterization by NMR spectroscopy in solution. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1207-1212. [PMID: 36017890 PMCID: PMC9828178 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human proteome, 826 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact with extracellular stimuli to initiate cascades of intracellular signaling. Determining conformational dynamics and intermolecular interactions are key to understand GPCR function as a basis for drug design. X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) contribute molecular architectures of GPCRs and GPCR-signaling complexes. NMR spectroscopy is complementary by providing information on the dynamics of GPCR structures at physiological temperature. In this review, several NMR approaches in use to probe GPCR dynamics and intermolecular interactions are discussed. The topics include uniform stable-isotope labeling, amino acid residue-selective stable-isotope labeling, site-specific labeling by genetic engineering, the introduction of 19F-NMR probes, and the use of paramagnetic nitroxide spin labels. The unique information provided by NMR spectroscopy contributes to our understanding of GPCR biology and thus adds to the foundations for rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Yang
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China,Correspondence address. Tel: +86-21-20685124; E-mail:
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China,Department of Integrative Structural and Computational BiologyScripps ResearchLa JollaCA92037USA,Institute of Molecular Biology and BiophysicsETH ZürichOtto-Stern-Weg 58093ZürichSwitzerland
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30
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Chen H, Zhang S, Hou R, Liu H. Gi-protein-coupled β 1-adrenergic receptor: re-understanding the selectivity of β 1-adrenergic receptor to G protein. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1043-1048. [PMID: 35959878 PMCID: PMC9828293 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β 1-adrenergic receptor (β 1-AR), a member in the family of G-protein-coupled receptors, is a transmembrane receptor of great significance in the heart. Physiologically, catecholamines activate β 1-AR to initiate a positive chronotropic, inotropic, and dromotropic change. It is believed that β 1-AR couples to Gs protein and transmits the signal through second messenger cAMP. However, increasing research shows that β 1-AR can also bind with Gi protein in addition to Gs. When β 1-AR-Gi is biasedly activated, cardioprotective effects are introduced by the activated cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway and the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. The discovery of β 1-AR-Gi signaling makes us reconsider the selectivity of G protein with regard to β 1-AR, which also provides new ideas for the treatment of heart diseases. This review summarizes the discovery of β 1-AR-Gi pathway, including the evidence that supports β 1-AR's capability to couple Gi, details of the transduction process and functions of the β 1-AR-Gi signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Physiology & PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Suli Zhang
- Department of Physiology & PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Ruiqi Hou
- Department of Physiology & PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology & PathophysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders Related Cardiovascular DiseaseCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
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31
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Dragan P, Atzei A, Sanmukh SG, Latek D. Computational and experimental approaches to probe GPCR activation and signaling. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 193:1-36. [PMID: 36357073 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate different physiological functions, e.g., sensation, growth, digestion, reproductivity, nervous and immune systems response, and many others. In eukaryotes, they are also responsible for intercellular communication in response to pathogens. The major primary messengers binding to these cell-surface receptors constitute small-molecule or peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, nucleotides, lipids as well as small proteins. The simplicity of the way how GPCR signaling can be regulated by their endogenous agonists prompted the usage of GPCRs as major drug targets in modern pharmacology. Drugs targeting GPCRs inhibit pathological processes at the very beginning. This enables to significantly reduce the occurrence of morphological changes caused by diseases. Until recently, X-ray crystallography was the method of the first choice to obtain high-resolution structural information about GPCRs. Following X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM gained attention in GPCR studies as a quick and low-cost alternative. FRET microscopy is also widely used for GPCRs in the analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in intact cells as well as for screening purposes. Regarding computational methods, molecular dynamics (MD) for many years has proven its usefulness in studying the GPCR activation. MODELLER and Rosetta were widely used to generate preliminary homology models of GPCRs for MD simulation systems. Apart from the conventional all-atom approach with explicitly defined solvent, also other techniques have been applied to GPCRs, e.g., MARTINI or hybrid methods involving the coarse-grained representation, less demanding regarding computational resources, and thus offering much larger simulation timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Dragan
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Dorota Latek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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32
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Pérez Piñero C, Rivero EM, Gargiulo L, Rodríguez MS, Bruque CD, Bruzzone A, Lüthy IA. Adrenergic receptors in breast cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 193:37-63. [PMID: 36357079 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide and in the majority of the countries. Breast cancers are classified on the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as luminal, HER2+ and triple negative breast cancer. The intrinsic molecular subtypes match this classification. Cancer diagnosis and treatment cause distress. In both acute and chronic stress, the secreted catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline trigger the "fight-or-flight" response. This chapter focuses on the actions of the β2 and α2 adrenergic receptors in several models of breast cancer. The actions of these receptors depend on the model used to investigate them. The β2-adrenergic receptors seem to exert a dual action. They can directly act on the epithelial cells inhibiting cell proliferation and migration/invasion and indirectly upon the immune microenvironment. The proportion of β2 receptors in each compartment could, therefore, lean the scale to an inhibition or to an exacerbation of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. All the work points to a beneficial or neutral action of β-blockers on breast cancer. With respect to α2-adrenergic receptors, the investigation performed by our group suggest that the α2B and the α2C receptors are linked to enhanced cell proliferation and tumor growth acting through both the epithelial and the stromal (fibroblastic) compartments while α2A could be beneficial for patients. Some adrenergic compounds could be repurposed for breast cancer treatment due to their very low side effects and very well-known pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pérez Piñero
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lucía Gargiulo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos David Bruque
- Genética Molecular Humana y Bioinformática, Unidad de Conocimiento Traslacional Hospitalaria Patagónica, Hospital de Alta Complejidad SAMIC - El Calafate, El Calafate, Argentina
| | - Ariana Bruzzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca INIBIBB -CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Alicia Lüthy
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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33
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Structure-guided optimization of light-activated chimeric G-protein-coupled receptors. Structure 2022; 30:1075-1087.e4. [PMID: 35588733 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest human receptor family and involved in virtually every physiological process. One hallmark of their function is specific coupling to selected signaling pathways. The ability to tune this coupling would make development of receptors with new capabilities possible. Complexes of GPCRs and G-proteins have recently been resolved at high resolution, but this information was in only few cases harnessed for rational receptor engineering. Here, we demonstrate structure-guided optimization of light-activated OptoXRs. Our hypothesis was that incorporation of GPCR-Gα contacts would lead to improved coupling. We first evaluated structure-based alignments for chimeric receptor fusion. We then show in a light-activated β2AR that including Gα contacts increased signaling 7- to 20-fold compared with other designs. In turn, contact elimination diminished function. Finally, this platform allowed optimization of a further OptoXR and spectral tuning. Our work exemplifies structure-based OptoXR development for targeted cell and network manipulation.
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34
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G Protein-coupled Receptor (GPCR) Reconstitution and Labeling for Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Studies of the Structural Basis of Transmembrane Signaling. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092658. [PMID: 35566006 PMCID: PMC9101874 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large membrane protein family found in higher organisms, including the human body. GPCRs mediate cellular responses to diverse extracellular stimuli and thus control key physiological functions, which makes them important targets for drug design. Signaling by GPCRs is related to the structure and dynamics of these proteins, which are modulated by extrinsic ligands as well as by intracellular binding partners such as G proteins and arrestins. Here, we review some basics of using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution for the characterization of GPCR conformations and intermolecular interactions that relate to transmembrane signaling.
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35
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Huang SK, Prosser RS. Dynamics and Mechanistic Underpinnings to Pharmacology of Class A GPCRs - An NMR Perspective. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C739-C753. [PMID: 35235425 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00044.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One-third of current pharmaceuticals target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest receptor superfamily in humans and mediators of diverse physiological processes. This review summarizes the recent progress in GPCR structural dynamics, focusing on class A receptors and insights derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and other spectroscopic techniques. We describe the structural aspects of GPCR activation and the various pharmacological models that capture aspects of receptor signaling behaviour. Spectroscopic studies revealed that receptors and their signaling complexes are dynamic allosteric systems that sample multiple functional states under basal conditions. The distribution of states within the conformational ensemble and the kinetics of transitions between states are regulated through the binding of ligands, allosteric modulators, and the membrane environment. This ensemble view of GPCRs provides a mechanistic framework for understanding many of the pharmacological phenomena associated with receptor signaling, such as basal activity, efficacy, and functional bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kate Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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36
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Chandler B, Todd L, Smith SO. Magic angle spinning NMR of G protein-coupled receptors. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 128:25-43. [PMID: 35282868 PMCID: PMC10718405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have a simple seven transmembrane helix architecture which has evolved to recognize a diverse number of chemical signals. The more than 800 GPCRs encoded in the human genome function as receptors for vision, smell and taste, and mediate key physiological processes. Consequently, these receptors are a major target for pharmaceuticals. Protein crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy have provided high resolution structures of many GPCRs in both active and inactive conformations. However, these structures have not sparked a surge in rational drug design, in part because GPCRs are inherently dynamic and the structural changes induced by ligand or drug binding to stabilize inactive or active conformations are often subtle rearrangements in packing or hydrogen-bonding interactions. NMR spectroscopy provides a sensitive probe of local structure and dynamics at specific sites within these receptors as well as global changes in receptor structure and dynamics. These methods can also capture intermediate states and conformations with low populations that provide insights into the activation pathways. We review the use of solid-state magic angle spinning NMR to address the structure and activation mechanisms of GPCRs. The focus is on the large and diverse class A family of receptors. We highlight three specific class A GPCRs in order to illustrate how solid-state, as well as solution-state, NMR spectroscopy can answer questions in the field involving how different GPCR classes and subfamilies are activated by their associated ligands, and how small molecule drugs can modulate GPCR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Chandler
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
| | - Lauren Todd
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
| | - Steven O Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
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37
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Li L, Zhang J, Sun W, Gong W, Tian C, Shi P, Shi C. Allosteric conformational changes of G proteins upon its interaction with membrane and GPCR. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Ahn D, Chung KY. The Conformational Dynamics of Heterotrimeric G Proteins During GPCR-Mediated Activation. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:271-284. [PMID: 36151379 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins (G proteins) are essential cellular signaling proteins that mediate extracellular signals to achieve various cellular functions. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the major guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that induce G proteins to release guanosine diphosphate and rapidly bind to guanosine triphosphate, resulting in G protein activation. G proteins undergo dynamic conformational changes during the activation/inactivation process, and the precise structural mechanism of GPCR-mediated G protein activation is of great interest. Over the last decade, a number of GPCR-G protein complex structures have been identified, yet an understanding of the mechanisms underlying allosteric conformational changes during receptor-mediated G protein activation and GPCR-G protein coupling selectivity is only now emerging. This review discusses recent studies on the dynamic conformational changes of G proteins and provides insight into the structural mechanism of GPCR-mediated G protein activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Ahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Alegre KO, Paknejad N, Su M, Lou JS, Huang J, Jordan KD, Eng ET, Meyerson JR, Hite RK, Huang XY. Structural basis and mechanism of activation of two different families of G proteins by the same GPCR. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:936-944. [PMID: 34759376 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) can activate two families of G proteins. When coupled to Gs, β1-AR increases cardiac output, and coupling to Gi leads to decreased responsiveness in myocardial infarction. By comparative structural analysis of turkey β1-AR complexed with either Gi or Gs, we investigate how a single G-protein-coupled receptor simultaneously signals through two G proteins. We find that, although the critical receptor-interacting C-terminal α5-helices on Gαi and Gαs interact similarly with β1-AR, the overall interacting modes between β1-AR and G proteins vary substantially. Functional studies reveal the importance of the differing interactions and provide evidence that the activation efficacy of G proteins by β1-AR is determined by the entire three-dimensional interaction surface, including intracellular loops 2 and 4 (ICL2 and ICL4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamela O Alegre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navid Paknejad
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Minfei Su
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian-Shu Lou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianyun Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelsey D Jordan
- Simons Electron Microscopy Center, National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward T Eng
- Simons Electron Microscopy Center, National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel R Meyerson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Hite
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Xin-Yun Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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40
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Hauser AS, Kooistra AJ, Munk C, Heydenreich FM, Veprintsev DB, Bouvier M, Babu MM, Gloriam DE. GPCR activation mechanisms across classes and macro/microscales. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:879-888. [PMID: 34759375 PMCID: PMC8580822 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two-thirds of human hormones and one-third of clinical drugs activate ~350 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) belonging to four classes: A, B1, C and F. Whereas a model of activation has been described for class A, very little is known about the activation of the other classes, which differ by being activated by endogenous ligands bound mainly or entirely extracellularly. Here we show that, although they use the same structural scaffold and share several 'helix macroswitches', the GPCR classes differ in their 'residue microswitch' positions and contacts. We present molecular mechanistic maps of activation for each GPCR class and methods for contact analysis applicable for any functional determinants. This provides a superfamily residue-level rationale for conformational selection and allosteric communication by ligands and G proteins, laying the foundation for receptor-function studies and drugs with the desired modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert J Kooistra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Munk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Data Tools Department, Novozymes A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Franziska M Heydenreich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dmitry B Veprintsev
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Madan Babu
- Department of Structural Biology and Center for Data Driven Discovery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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41
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Mitra A, Sarkar A, Borics A. Universal Properties and Specificities of the β 2-Adrenergic Receptor-G s Protein Complex Activation Mechanism Revealed by All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10423. [PMID: 34638767 PMCID: PMC8508748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane proteins of high pharmacological relevance. It has been proposed that their activity is linked to structurally distinct, dynamically interconverting functional states and the process of activation relies on an interconnecting network of conformational switches in the transmembrane domain. However, it is yet to be uncovered how ligands with different extents of functional effect exert their actions. According to our recent hypothesis, based on indirect observations and the literature data, the transmission of the external stimulus to the intracellular surface is accompanied by the shift of macroscopic polarization in the transmembrane domain, furnished by concerted movements of highly conserved polar motifs and the rearrangement of polar species. In this follow-up study, we have examined the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) to see if our hypothesis drawn from an extensive study of the μ-opioid receptor (MOP) is fundamental and directly transferable to other class A GPCRs. We have found that there are some general similarities between the two receptors, in agreement with previous studies, and there are some receptor-specific differences that could be associated with different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argha Mitra
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 62. Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.); (A.S.)
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 97. Tisza L. krt., H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Arijit Sarkar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 62. Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.); (A.S.)
- Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 97. Tisza L. krt., H-6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Borics
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, 62. Temesvári krt., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.); (A.S.)
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42
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Feuerstein TJ, Schlicker E. β 1-Blockers Enhance Inotropy of Endogenous Catecholamines in Chronic Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639562. [PMID: 34179127 PMCID: PMC8220816 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although β1-blockers impressively reduce mortality in chronic heart failure (CHF), there are concerns about negative inotropic effects and worsening of hemodynamics in acute decompensated heart failure. May receptor theory dispel these concerns and confirm clinical practice to use β1-blockers? In CHF, concentrations of catecholamines at the β1-adrenoceptors usually exceed their dissociation constants (KDs). The homodimeric β1-adrenoceptors have a receptor reserve and display negative cooperativity. We considered the binomial distribution of occupied receptor dimers with respect to the interaction of an exogenous β1-blocker and elevated endogenous agonist concentrations > [KDs], corresponding to an elevated sympathetic tone. Modeling based on binomial distribution suggests that despite the presence of a low concentration of the antagonist, the activation of the dimer receptors is higher than that in its absence. Obviously, the antagonist improves the ratio of the dimer receptors with only single agonist activation compared with the dimer receptors with double activation. This leads to increased positive inotropic effects of endogenous catecholamines due to a β1-blocker. To understand the positive inotropic sequels of β1-blockers in CHF is clinically relevant. This article may help to eliminate the skepticism of clinicians about the use of β1-blockers because of their supposed negative inotropic effect, since, on the contrary, a positive inotropic effect can be expected for receptor-theoretical reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Feuerstein
- Sektion für Neuroelektronische Systeme, Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universität Freiburg, Breisgau, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburgf and Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schlicker
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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43
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Ahn D, Ham D, Chung KY. The conformational transition during G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and G protein interaction. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2021; 69:117-123. [PMID: 33975155 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The precise structural mechanism of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-G protein coupling has been of significant research interest because it provides fundamental knowledge on cellular signaling and valuable information for GPCR-targeted drug development. Over the last decade, several GPCR-G protein complex structures have been identified. However, these structures are mere snapshots of guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-released stable GPCR-G protein complexes, which have limited the understanding of the allosteric conformational transition during receptor binding to GDP release and the GPCR-G protein coupling selectivity. Recently, deeper insights into the mechanism underlying stepwise conformational changes during GPCR-G protein coupling were obtained using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, hydroxyl radical footprinting-mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, cryoelectron microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. This review summarizes these recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Ahn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Ham
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Young Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Correlated Motions of Conserved Polar Motifs Lay out a Plausible Mechanism of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050670. [PMID: 33946214 PMCID: PMC8146931 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in the field of experimental structural biology have provided high-resolution structures of active and inactive state G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a highly important pharmaceutical target family, but the process of transition between these states is poorly understood. According to the current theory, GPCRs exist in structurally distinct, dynamically interconverting functional states of which populations are shifted upon binding of ligands and intracellular signaling proteins. However, explanation of the activation mechanism, on an entirely structural basis, gets complicated when multiple activation pathways and active receptor states are considered. Our unbiased, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the μ opioid receptor (MOP) revealed that transmission of external stimulus to the intracellular surface of the receptor is accompanied by subtle, concerted movements of highly conserved polar amino acid side chains along the 7th transmembrane helix. This may entail the rearrangement of polar species and the shift of macroscopic polarization in the transmembrane domain, triggered by agonist binding. Based on our observations and numerous independent indications, we suggest amending the widely accepted theory that the initiation event of GPCR activation is the shift of macroscopic polarization between the ortho- and allosteric binding pockets and the intracellular G protein-binding interface.
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45
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Ma N, Nivedha AK, Vaidehi N. Allosteric communication regulates ligand-specific GPCR activity. FEBS J 2021; 288:2502-2512. [PMID: 33738925 PMCID: PMC9805801 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound proteins that are ubiquitously expressed in many cell types and take part in mediating multiple signaling pathways. GPCRs are dynamic proteins and exist in an equilibrium between an ensemble of conformational states such as inactive and fully active states. This dynamic nature of GPCRs is one of the factors that confers their basal activity even in the absence of any ligand-mediated activation. Ligands selectively bind and stabilize a subset of the conformations from the ensemble leading to a shift in the equilibrium toward the inactive or the active state depending on the nature of the ligand. This ligand-selective effect is achieved through allosteric communication between the ligand binding site and G protein or β-arrestin coupling site. Similarly, the G protein coupling to the receptor exerts the allosteric effect on the ligand binding region leading to increased binding affinity for agonists and decreased affinity for antagonists or inverse agonists. In this review, we enumerate the current state of our understanding of the mechanism of allosteric communication in GPCRs with a specific focus on the critical role of computational methods in delineating the residues involved in allosteric communication. Analyzing allosteric communication mechanism using molecular dynamics simulations has revealed (a) a structurally conserved mechanism of allosteric communication that regulates the G protein coupling, (b) a rational structure-based approach to designing selective ligands, and (c) an approach to designing allosteric GPCR mutants that are either ligand and G protein or β-arrestin selective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Anita K. Nivedha
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Nagarajan Vaidehi
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010,to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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46
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Fleetwood O, Carlsson J, Delemotte L. Identification of ligand-specific G protein-coupled receptor states and prediction of downstream efficacy via data-driven modeling. eLife 2021; 10:60715. [PMID: 33506760 PMCID: PMC7886328 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand binding stabilizes different G protein-coupled receptor states via a complex allosteric process that is not completely understood. Here, we have derived free energy landscapes describing activation of the β2 adrenergic receptor bound to ligands with different efficacy profiles using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations. These reveal shifts toward active-like states at the Gprotein-binding site for receptors bound to partial and full agonists, and that the ligands modulate the conformational ensemble of the receptor by tuning protein microswitches. We indeed find an excellent correlation between the conformation of the microswitches close to the ligand binding site and in the transmembrane region and experimentally reported cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling responses. Dimensionality reduction further reveals the similarity between the unique conformational states induced by different ligands, and examining the output of classifiers highlights two distant hotspots governing agonism on transmembrane helices 5 and 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fleetwood
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Horváth VB, Soltész-Katona E, Wisniewski É, Rajki A, Halász E, Enyedi B, Hunyady L, Tóth AD, Szanda G. Optimization of the Heterologous Expression of the Cannabinoid Type-1 (CB 1) Receptor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:740913. [PMID: 34745007 PMCID: PMC8564136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.740913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) mediates virtually all classic cannabinoid effects, and both its agonists and antagonists hold major therapeutic potential. Heterologous expression of receptors is vital for pharmacological research, however, overexpression of these proteins may fundamentally alter their localization pattern, change the signalling partner preference and may also spark artificial clustering. Additionally, recombinant CB1Rs are prone to intense proteasomal degradation, which may necessitate substantial modifications, such as N-terminal truncation or signal sequence insertion, for acceptable cell surface expression. We report here that tuning down the expression intensity of the full-length CB1R reduces proteasomal degradation and offers receptor levels that are comparable to those of endogenous CB1 receptors. As opposed to high-efficiency expression with conventional promoters, weak promoter-driven CB1R expression provides ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signalling that closely resemble the activity of endogenous CB1Rs. Moreover, weakly expressed CB1R variants exhibit plasma membrane localization, preserve canonical Gi-signalling but prevent CB1R-Gs coupling observed with high-expression variants. Based on these findings, we propose that lowering the expression level of G protein-coupled receptors should always be considered in heterologous expression systems in order to reduce the pressure on the proteasomal machinery and to avoid potential signalling artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eszter Soltész-Katona
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Wisniewski
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Rajki
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Halász
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Enyedi
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Lendület Tissue Damage Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SE Inflammatory Signaling Research Group, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Dávid Tóth
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szanda
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gergő Szanda,
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48
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GPCR Activation States Induced by Nanobodies and Mini-G Proteins Compared by NMR Spectroscopy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25245984. [PMID: 33348734 PMCID: PMC7767065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we examine methyl nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the methionine ε-[13CH3] labelled thermostabilized β1 adrenergic receptor from turkey in association with a variety of different effectors, including mini-Gs and nanobody 60 (Nb60), which have not been previously studied in complex with β1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR) by NMR. Complexes with pindolol and Nb60 induce highly similar inactive states of the receptor, closely resembling the resting state conformational ensemble. We show that, upon binding of mini-Gs or nanobody 80 (Nb80), large allosteric changes throughout the receptor take place. The conformation of tβ1AR stabilized by the native-like mini-Gs protein is highly similar to the conformation induced by the currently used surrogate Nb80. Interestingly, in both cases residual dynamics are present, which were not observed in the resting states. Finally, we reproduce a pharmaceutically relevant situation, where an antagonist abolishes the interaction of the receptor with the mini-G protein in a competitive manner, validating the functional integrity of our preparation. The presented system is therefore well suited for reproducing the individual steps of the activation cycle of a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) in vitro and serves as a basis for functional and pharmacological characterizations of more native-like systems in the future.
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Vogel A, Bosse M, Gauglitz M, Wistuba S, Schmidt P, Kaiser A, Gurevich VV, Beck-Sickinger AG, Hildebrand PW, Huster D. The Dynamics of the Neuropeptide Y Receptor Type 1 Investigated by Solid-State NMR and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Molecules 2020; 25:E5489. [PMID: 33255213 PMCID: PMC7727705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report data on the structural dynamics of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) type 1 (Y1R), a typical representative of class A peptide ligand GPCRs, using a combination of solid-state NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. First, the equilibrium dynamics of Y1R were studied using 15N-NMR and quantitative determination of 1H-13C order parameters through the measurement of dipolar couplings in separated-local-field NMR experiments. Order parameters reporting the amplitudes of the molecular motions of the C-H bond vectors of Y1R in DMPC membranes are 0.57 for the Cα sites and lower in the side chains (0.37 for the CH2 and 0.18 for the CH3 groups). Different NMR excitation schemes identify relatively rigid and also dynamic segments of the molecule. In monounsaturated membranes composed of longer lipid chains, Y1R is more rigid, attributed to a higher hydrophobic thickness of the lipid membrane. The presence of an antagonist or NPY has little influence on the amplitude of motions, whereas the addition of agonist and arrestin led to a pronounced rigidization. To investigate Y1R dynamics with site resolution, we conducted extensive all-atom MD simulations of the apo and antagonist-bound state. In each state, three replicas with a length of 20 μs (with one exception, where the trajectory length was 10 μs) were conducted. In these simulations, order parameters of each residue were determined and showed high values in the transmembrane helices, whereas the loops and termini exhibit much lower order. The extracellular helix segments undergo larger amplitude motions than their intracellular counterparts, whereas the opposite is observed for the loops, Helix 8, and termini. Only minor differences in order were observed between the apo and antagonist-bound state, whereas the time scale of the motions is shorter for the apo state. Although these relatively fast motions occurring with correlation times of ns up to a few µs have no direct relevance for receptor activation, it is believed that they represent the prerequisite for larger conformational transitions in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vogel
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Mathias Bosse
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Marcel Gauglitz
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Sarah Wistuba
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Peter Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Anette Kaiser
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.K.); (A.G.B.-S.)
| | - Vsevolod V. Gurevich
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Annette G. Beck-Sickinger
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.K.); (A.G.B.-S.)
| | - Peter W. Hildebrand
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (S.W.); (P.S.)
| | - Daniel Huster
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstr. 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany; (A.V.); (M.B.); (M.G.); (S.W.); (P.S.)
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Sarkar P, Mozumder S, Bej A, Mukherjee S, Sengupta J, Chattopadhyay A. Structure, dynamics and lipid interactions of serotonin receptors: excitements and challenges. Biophys Rev 2020; 13:10.1007/s12551-020-00772-8. [PMID: 33188638 PMCID: PMC7930197 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an intrinsically fluorescent neurotransmitter found in organisms spanning a wide evolutionary range. Serotonin exerts its diverse actions by binding to distinct cell membrane receptors which are classified into many groups. Serotonin receptors are involved in regulating a diverse array of physiological signaling pathways and belong to the family of either G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or ligand-gated ion channels. Serotonergic signaling appears to play a key role in the generation and modulation of various cognitive and behavioral functions such as sleep, mood, pain, anxiety, depression, aggression, and learning. Serotonin receptors act as drug targets for a number of diseases, particularly neuropsychiatric disorders. The signaling mechanism and efficiency of serotonin receptors depend on their amazing ability to rapidly access multiple conformational states. This conformational plasticity, necessary for the wide variety of functions displayed by serotonin receptors, is regulated by binding to various ligands. In this review, we provide a succinct overview of recent developments in generating and analyzing high-resolution structures of serotonin receptors obtained using crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. Capturing structures of distinct conformational states is crucial for understanding the mechanism of action of these receptors, which could provide important insight for rational drug design targeting serotonin receptors. We further provide emerging information and insight from studies on interactions of membrane lipids (such as cholesterol) with serotonin receptors. We envision that a judicious combination of analysis of high-resolution structures and receptor-lipid interaction would allow a comprehensive understanding of GPCR structure, function and dynamics, thereby leading to efficient drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Sukanya Mozumder
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Aritra Bej
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Sujoy Mukherjee
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Jayati Sengupta
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700 032, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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