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Pan T, Cui C, Qin B, Ding K, Zhou J. Climate change intensifies algal biomass resurgence in eutrophic Lake Taihu, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171934. [PMID: 38527536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Climate change can significantly alter phytoplankton growth and proliferation, which would counteract restoration efforts to control algal blooms. However, the knowledge is limited about the quantitative evaluation of the causal effect of algal biomass resurgence in large shallow lakes where there is no significant improvement after long term lake restoration. Here, a bucket process-based phytoplankton dynamic model is developed to quantify the contributions of climate change and nutrients concentration changes to phytoplankton biomass resurgence after 2014 in hypereutrophic Lake Taihu, China. Compared to 2008-2014, the mean water temperature (WT) and the mean phosphate are higher, the mean photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the mean total suspended solids (TSS), and the mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) are lower, during 2015-2020. Their contribution to algal biomass resurgence during 2015-2020 is WT (+58.7 %), PAR (-2.6 %), TSS (+23.2 %), DIN (-22.1 %) and phosphate (+42.7 %), respectively. Climate change (WT, PAR, and TSS), which contributed +64.9 % to the phytoplankton biomass resurgence, underscores the urgent need to continuously take more effective measures to reduce nutrient emissions to offset the effects of climate change in Lake Taihu and in other eutrophic lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Pan
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Chixiao Cui
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Boqiang Qin
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210098, China; Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
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Zhang H, Xu Y, Liu X, Ma B, Huang T, Kosolapov DB, Liu H, Guo H, Liu T, Ni T, Zhang X. Different seasonal dynamics, ecological drivers, and assembly mechanisms of algae in southern and northern drinking water reservoirs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171285. [PMID: 38423304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The role of environmental factors on the community structure of algae has been intensively studied, but there are few analyses on the assembly mechanism of the algal community structure. Here, changes in the community structure of algae in different seasons, the effects of environmental variables on the algal community structure, and the assembly mechanism of the algal community structure in northern and southern reservoirs were investigated in this study. The study revealed that Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, and Chlorophyta were the predominant algal species in the reservoirs, with Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta exhibiting seasonal outbreaks. Compared to the northern reservoirs, the algal diversity in the southern reservoirs was greater. The diversity and algal community structure could be significantly impacted by variations in water temperature and nitrogen level. According to the ecological model, the interaction among algal communities in reservoirs was primarily cooperation. The key taxa in the northern reservoirs was Aphanizomenon sp., while the outbreak in the southern reservoirs was Coelosphaerium sp. The community formation pattern of reservoirs was stochastic, with a higher degree of explanation observed in the southern reservoirs compared to the northern reservoirs. This study preliminarily explored the assembly mechanism of the algal community, providing a theoretical basis for the control of eutrophication in drinking water reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Yue Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Dmitry B Kosolapov
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBIW RAS), 109, Borok, Nekouz, Yaroslavl 152742, Russia
| | - Hanyan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Honghong Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Tongchao Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Pollution Control and Water Quality Security Assurance of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Water Quality in Qinling Mountains, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Zhang C, Zhao Y, Xu M, Zheng W, Zhao Y, Qin B, Wang R. Revealing the hidden burden for lake management: the sediment phosphorus storage pools in Eastern Plain Lake Zone, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116052-116065. [PMID: 37906335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
As one of the essential components in ecosystems, lakes play a major role in the global phosphorus (P) cycle. It is helpful for further understanding of the inside lake P geochemical cycle to research P pollution and storage in lakes, which is of positive significance for lake eutrophication restoration. In this study, we investigated the total phosphorus concentrations (TPC) of water and sediments from 37 lakes in the Eastern Plain Lake Zone (EPL) of China, evaluated the P pollution degree of lakes, and estimated P storage in lake sediments with quantitative data of lake area and number. The results indicate that the total phosphorus concentrations of water (TPCW) and total phosphorus concentrations of the surface sediments (0-1 cm, TPCSS) in EPL were high, the mean values were 0.11 mg·L-1 and 869.85 mg·kg-1 respectively, with obvious differences between urban and rural areas, as well as between different river basins. Over half (56.76% and 70.27% respectively) of the lakes reached severe pollution levels in water and surface sediments. There were 16224 lakes (> 0.01 km2) with a total area of 21662.37 km2 in the EPL, and the P storage in the lake sediments (0-30 cm) was about 4.87 ± 2.08 Tg (1 Tg = 1 × 1012 g), accounting for about 2.74% of the basin soil. TPCW and TPCSS of lakes in the EPL were significantly positively correlated, may suggest a close nutrient cycling relationship between the lake water and the sediment. During periods of high winds and waves, the stored P in the top sediments in the EPL may continue to participate in the internal P geochemical cycle and migrate to the overlying water, posing a potential pollution hazard. Therefore, it is crucial to take into account the sediment P pools when formulating effective lake phosphorus management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenxiu Zheng
- Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435000, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Xiong J, Xue K, Li J, Hu M, Li J, Wang X, Lin C, Ma R, Chen L. Vertical distribution analysis and total mass estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus in large shallow lakes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118465. [PMID: 37418911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Analysing the vertical distribution of nutrient salts and estimating the total mass of lake nutrients is helpful for the management of lake nutrient status and the formulation of drainage standards in basins. However, studies on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in lakes have focused on obtaining measures of N and P concentrations, but no understanding exists on the vertical distribution of N and P in the entire water column. The present study proposes algorithms for estimating the total masses of N/P per unit water column (ALGO-TNmass/ALGO-TPmass) for shallow eutrophic lakes. Using Lake Taihu as an example, the total masses of nutrients in Lake Taihu in the historical period were obtained, and the algorithm performance was discussed. The results showed that the vertical distribution of nutrients decreased with increasing depth and exhibited a quadratic distribution. Surface nutrients and chlorophyll-a concentrations play important roles in the vertical distribution of nutrients. Based on conventional surface water quality indicators, algorithms for the vertical nutrient concentration in Lake Taihu were proposed. Both algorithms had good accuracy (ALGO-TNmass R2 > 0.75, RMSE <0.57; ALGO-TPmass R2 > 0.80, RMSE ≤0.50), the ALGO-TPmass had better applicability than the ALGO-TNmass, and had good accuracy in other shallow lakes. Therefore, deducing the TPmass using conventional water quality indicators in surface water, which not only simplifies the sampling process but also provides an opportunity for remote sensing technology to monitor the total masses of nutrients, is feasible. The long-term average total mass of N was 11,727 t, showing a gradual downward trend before 2010, after which it stabilised. The maximum and minimum intra-annual total N masses were observed in May and November, respectively. The long-term average total mass of P was 512 t, showing a gradual downward trend before 2010, and a slow upward trend thereafter. The maximum and minimum intra-annual total masses of P occurred in August and February or May, respectively. The correlation between the total mass of N and meteorological conditions was not obvious, whereas some influence on the total mass of P was evident, particularly water level and wind speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kun Xue
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jing Li
- Hydrology and Water Resources Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Minqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Geometrics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Ronghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Quality Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Qin B, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Gao G. Eutrophication control of large shallow lakes in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163494. [PMID: 37068663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Large shallow lake refers to a polymictic system that is often well mixed without stratification during summer. Similar to a small and deep lake, a large and shallow lake has a high nutrient retention rate. Differing from a small and deep lake, it has an extensive sediment-water interface and internal loading from sediment, which has led to high susceptibility to eutrophication. There are many large and shallow freshwater lakes in the middle and lower Yangtze River (MLYR), China, experienced eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooms. To address this issue, a variety of methods focused on in-lake physical and biogeochemical processes was explored. The main gains of these studies included: (1) shallow lakes in the floodplain of the Yangtze River are prone to eutrophication because of their high trophic conditions; (2) wind-induced waves determine sediment resuspension, downward dissolved oxygen penetration, and upward soluble reactive nutrient mobilization, while wind-driven currents regulate the spatial distribution of water quality metrics and algal blooms; (3) the low P loss of shallow lakes via sedimentation and high N loss via denitrification lead to a low N:P ratio and N and P colimitation, which demonstrated the significance of dual N and P reduction for eutrophication control in shallow lakes; (4) extensive submerged macrophyte could suppress internal loading in large, shallow waters, but nutrient loading must be reduced and water clarity must be increased; and (5) climate warming promotes cyanobacterial blooms through positive feedback to exacerbate eutrophication in shallow lakes. The lack of action to address the challenges of non-point source pollution and internal loading from the sediment has led to limited effectiveness of eutrophication control in large shallow lakes under climate warming. In the future, the management of large shallow eutrophic lakes in China must combine social sciences (economic development) with natural technology (pollution reduction) to achieve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Qin
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China; School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; School of Hydrology, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Gao
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
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Wei J, Li Q, Liu W, Zhang S, Xu H, Pei H. Changes of phytoplankton and water environment in a highly urbanized subtropical lake during the past ten years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162985. [PMID: 36958549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and water quality changes in highly urbanized lakes affect the surrounding water safety. However, due to the complexity and variability of natural changes and human disturbances, it is difficult for multi-year research with yearly sampling frequency to cover accurate changes of phytoplankton and water environment or provide constructive suggestions for managers. Based on monthly monitoring data spanning 2011-2020 in a highly urbanized subtropical lake (Hongze Lake, China), Mann-Kendall test, ANOVA analysis and variation partitioning analysis were used to assess the changes of phytoplankton and water environment, and detect dynamic responses of phytoplankton to environmental changes. Rising water temperature during winter and spring, the decrease in nitrate, and the increase in water flow and turbidity were the main environmental characteristics from 2011 to 2020. The average and maximum abundance of Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Cryptophyta significantly declined, while changes in Cyanobacteria were characterized by an increase of N2-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria and a decrease of non-filamentous cyanobacteria. The rising water temperature during spring may promote the early growth of N2-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria. The decrease in nitrate mainly resulted in the decrease of Chlorophyta and non-filamentous cyanobacteria, and the increase of N2-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria during summer and autumn. The increase of turbidity and water flow inhibited the growth of Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Cryptophyta, and non-filamentous cyanobacteria, but created favourable conditions for the growth of N2-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria. In summer and autumn, managers should focus on the proliferation of N2-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria when precipitation increase, nitrogen nutrients decrease, and non-filamentous cyanobacteria risk under opposite conditions. These findings greatly improved our understanding of the dynamic response of phytoplankton communities to natural changes and anthropogenic disturbances in the urbanized subtropical lakes, and can be used to develop lake management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qian Li
- Xuzhou Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Office in Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Huai'an Department of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Office in Jiangsu Province, Huai'an 223005, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan 250061, China.
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Duan Z, Tan X, Ali I, Wu X, Cao J, Xu Y, Shi L, Gao W, Ruan Y, Chen C. Comparison of organic matter (OM) pools in water, suspended particulate matter, and sediments in eutrophic Lake Taihu, China: Implication for dissolved OM tracking, assessment, and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157257. [PMID: 35817111 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Suspended particulate matter (SPM) and sediments are important sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lake water. However, studies on what extent and how both sources affect DOM composition are lacking, which hampers DOM management. Herein, DOM, SPM-extracted particulate organic matter (POM), and sediment-extracted organic matter (SOM) were characterized and compared in terms of absorption spectral properties and chemical composition in Lake Taihu, a large cyanobacterial bloom-affected shallow lake. A statistical method was proposed to quantify the similarity of organic matter (OM) in the different states and to evaluate the potential effects of SPM and sediments on DOM. Results showed that POM and DOM were mainly composed of small-molecular-size and low-humified organic components (i.e., 27 %-38 % tryptophan-like and ~30 % protein-like substances), and most of them were derived from autochthonous sources. While tyrosine-like (57 %) and humic-like (27 %) substances were dominant in SOM. The OM similarity between POM and DOM was approximately 1.5 times higher than that between SOM and DOM, indicating the greater effect of SPM than sediments on DOM composition. High pH and low nitrogen (e.g., nitrate and ammonia) were positively correlated to the OM similarity between POM and DOM. Further, the findings indicated that nitrogen limitation enhanced the OM exchange between POM and DOM by promoting the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in cyanobacterial aggregates. The obtained findings highlighted the importance of SPM in shaping the DOM composition relative to sediments and facilitating the DOM management in bloom-affected lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China.
| | - Imran Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Xiaoge Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Jun Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Yangxue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Wanpeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
| | - Yinlan Ruan
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Dayu, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210024, China
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8
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Liu X, Li Y, Shen R, Zhang M, Chen F. Reducing nutrient increases diatom biomass in a subtropical eutrophic lake, China-Do the ammonium concentration and nitrate to ammonium ratio play a role? WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118493. [PMID: 35489153 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Response of aquatic organisms to eutrophication have been well reported, while less studies are available for the recovery of eutrophic lakes following a reduction in the external loading, especially for systems where nitrogen is reduced but the phosphorus concentration is maintained high due to internal loading. Diatoms are nitrate (NO3-N) opportunists but can also use ammonium (NH4-N). They may, therefore, be more sensitive to nitrogen reduction than other algae that typically prefer NH4-N. We document the variations of nutrients and diatoms in subtropical, eutrophic Lake Taihu over 28 yr during which a reduction of the external loading resulted from lake management. According to the results of change point analysis, data on environmental variables were divided into two periods (P1: 1992-2006; P2: 2007-2019) with two different seasons (WS: Winter-Spring; SA: Summer-Autumn), respectively. Compared with P1-WS, the concentration of NH4-N decreased significantly whereas NO3-N showed no significant change in P2-WS. In contrast, NH4-N concentrations were low and showed no significant changes in P1-SA and P2-SA and NO3-N decreased significantly in the latter period. Accordingly, NO3-N: NH4-N mass ratios in P1-SA and P2-WS were all significantly higher than those in P2-SA and P1-WS, respectively. The biomass of WS diatom increased significantly and the timing of the peak biomass shifted from P1-SA to P2-WS since 2007. The SEM analysis showed that NO3-N was retained as a statistically significant predictor for diatom biomass in P1-SA and significant effects of windspeed, zooplankton and NH4-N on diatom biomass in P2-WS. Windspeed and zooplankton have further changed the biomass of diatoms in the case of declining inorganic nitrogen. We conclude that the magnitude of vernal suppression or stimulation of diatom assemblages has increased, concomitant with the variations of NH4-N and NO3-N: NH4-N mass ratios. Diatoms response to NH4-N or NO3-N is apparently changing in response to water temperature in this eutrophic shallow lake. Thus, parallel reductions in external nitrogen loading, along with variations in dominant inorganic nitrogen, will stimulate the growth of diatom and therefore increase the total biomass of phytoplankton in still high internal phosphorus loading, which is should be regarded as a good sign of restoration measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
| | - Feizhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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9
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Influence of N:P Ratio of Water on Ecological Stoichiometry of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is one of the major threats to shallow lake ecosystems, because it causes large-scale degradation of submerged plants. N:P ratio is an important indicator to estimate nutrient supply to water bodies and guide the restoration of submerged plants. The massive input of N and P changes the structure of aquatic communities and ecological processes. However, the mechanism underlying the influence of changes in N and P content and the N:P ratio of a water body on the growth of submerged plants is still unclear. In this study, we simulated gradients of water N:P ratio in lakes in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River using outdoor mesocosm experiments. Using established generalized linear models (GLM), the effects of total nitrogen (TN) content and N:P ratio of water, phytoplankton and periphytic algae biomass, and relative growth rate (RGR) of plants on the stoichiometric characteristics of two widely distributed submerged plants, Hydrilla verticillata and Vallisneria natans, were explored. The results reveal that changes in water nutrient content affected the C:N:P stoichiometry of submerged plants. In a middle-eutrophic state, the stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, and P in the submerged plants were not influenced by phytoplankton and periphytic algae. The P content of H. verticillata and V. natans was positively correlated with their relative growth rate (RGR). As TN and N:P ratio of water increased, their N content increased and C:N decreased. These results indicate that excessive N absorption by submerged plants and the consequent internal physiological injury and growth inhibition may be the important reasons for the degradation of submerged vegetation in the process of lake eutrophication.
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Qin B, Zhang Y, Deng J, Zhu G, Liu J, Hamilton DP, Paerl HW, Brookes JD, Wu T, Peng K, Yao Y, Ding K, Ji X. Polluted lake restoration to promote sustainability in the Yangtze River Basin, China. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwab207. [PMID: 35070333 PMCID: PMC8776540 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
China has made a concerted effort to successfully improve water quality of rivers, but lake water quality has not improved. Lakes require controls on both catchment external nutrient loads and in-lake internal loads, where nature-based solutions are coupled with engineered systems to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, China
- Nanjing Zhongke Deep Insight Institute Co. Ltd., China
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jianming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, USA
| | | | - Hans W Paerl
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- College of the Environment, Hohai University, China
| | - Justin D Brookes
- Water Research Centre, School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tingfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Kai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yizhou Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Kan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre (CNEMC), China
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Bing H, Peng J, Dong F, Gao J, Arhonditsis GB. Characterizing the river water quality in China: Recent progress and on-going challenges. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117309. [PMID: 34116294 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Food production systems, urbanization, and other anthropogenic activities dramatically alter natural hydrological and nutrient cycles, and are primarily responsible for water quality impairments in China's rivers. This study compiled a 16-year (2003-2018) dataset of river water quality (161,337 records from 2424 sites), watershed/landscape features, and meteorological conditions to investigate the spatial water quality patterns and underlying drivers of river impairment (defined as water quality worse than Class V according to China's Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Waters, GB3838-2002) at a national scale. Our analysis provided evidence of a distinct water quality improvement with a gradual decrease in the frequency of prevalence of anoxic conditions, an alleviation of the severity of heavy metal pollution, whereas the cultural eutrophication has only been moderately mitigated between 2003 and 2018. We also identified significant spatial variation with relatively poorer water quality in eastern China, where 17.2% of the sampling sites registered poor water quality conditions, compared with only 4.6% in western China. Total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) are collectively responsible for >85% of the identified incidences of impaired conditions. Bayesian modelling was used to delineate the most significant covariates of TP/NH3-N riverine levels in six large river basins (Liao, Hai, Yellow, Yangtze, Huai, and Pearl). Water quality impairments are predominantly shaped by anthropogenic drivers (82.5% for TP, 79.5% for NH3-N), whereas natural factors appear to play a secondary role (20.5% for TP, 17.5% for NH3-N). Two indicator variables of urbanization (urban areal extent and nighttime light intensity) and farmland areal extent were the strongest predictors of riverine TP/NH3-N levels and collectively accounted for most of the ambient nutrient variability. We concluded that there is still a long way to go in order to eradicate eutrophication and realize acceptable ecological conditions. The design of the remedial measures must be tailored to the site-specific landscape characteristics, meteorological conditions, and should also consider the increasing importance of non-point source pollution and internal nutrient loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, 8(B) Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haijian Bing
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9, Block 4, Renminnanlu Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Remote Sensing, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Remote Sensing Centre for Earth System Research, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Feifei Dong
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - George B Arhonditsis
- Ecological Modelling Laboratory, Department of Physical & Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada.
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Monitoring Changes in the Transparency of the Largest Reservoir in Eastern China in the Past Decade, 2013–2020. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13132570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on characteristics analysis about remote sensing reflectance, the Secchi Disk Depth (SDD) in the Qiandao Lake was predicted from the Landsat8/OLI data, and its changing rates on a pixel-by-pixel scale were obtained from satellite remote sensing for the first time. Using 114 matchups data pairs during 2013–2019, the SDD satellite algorithms suitable for the Qiandao Lake were obtained through both the linear regression and machine learning (Support Vector Machine) methods, with remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at different OLI bands and the ratio of Rrs (Band3) to Rrs (Band2) as model input parameters. Compared with field observations, the mean absolute relative difference and root mean squared error of satellite-derived SDD were within 20% and 1.3 m, respectively. Satellite-derived results revealed that SDD in the Qiandao Lake was high in boreal spring and winter, and reached the lowest in boreal summer, with the annual mean value of about 5 m. Spatially, high SDD was mainly concentrated in the southeast lake area (up to 13 m) close to the dam. The edge and runoff area of the lake were less transparent, with an SDD of less than 4 m. In the past decade (2013–2020), 5.32% of Qiandao Lake witnessed significant (p < 0.05) transparency change: 4.42% raised with a rate of about 0.11 m/year and 0.9% varied with a rate of about −0.09 m/year. Besides, the findings presented here suggested that heavy rainfall would have a continuous impact on the Qiandao Lake SDD. Our research could promote the applications of land observation satellites (such as the Landsat series) in water environment monitoring in inland reservoirs.
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Lin Y, Dong X, Wang M, Tong Y. Reply to Qin et al.: Consistency of monitoring data is key to explain the long-term nationwide trend of nutrients in lakes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:21003-21004. [PMID: 32887178 PMCID: PMC7474594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014348117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Xin Dong
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China;
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Yindong Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
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