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Wang S, Lyu T, Li S, Jiang Z, Dang Z, Zhu X, Hu W, Yue FJ, Ji G. Unignorable enzyme-specific isotope fractionation for nitrate source identification in aquatic ecosystem. Chemosphere 2024; 348:140771. [PMID: 38000558 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate contamination in aquatic systems is a widespread problem across the world. The isotopic composition (δ15N, δ18O) of nitrate and their isotope effect (15ε, 18ε) can facilitate the identification of the source and transformation of nitrate. Although previous researches claimed the isotope fractionations may change the original δ15N/δ18O values and further bias identification of nitrate sources, isotope effect was often ignored due to its complexity. To fill the gap between the understanding and application, it is crucial to develop a deep understanding of isotopic fractionation based on available evidence. In this regard, this study summarized the available methods to determine isotope effects, thereby systematically comparing the magnitude of isotope effects (15ε and 18ε) in nitrification, denitrification and anammox. We found that the enzymatic reaction plays the key role in isotope fractionations, which is significantly affected by the difference in the affinity, substrate channel properties and redox potential of active site. Due to the overlapping of microbial processes and accumulation of uncertainties, the significant isotope effects at small scales inevitably decrease in large-scale ecosystems. However, the proportionality of N and O isotope fractionation (δ18O/δ15N; 18ε/15ε) associated with nitrate reduction generally follows enzyme-specific proportionalities (i.e., Nar, 0.95; Nap, 0.57; eukNR, 0.98) in aquatic ecosystems, providing enzyme-specific constant factors for the identification of nitrate transformation. With these results, this study finally discussed feasible source portioning methods when considering the isotope effect and aimed to improve the accuracy in nitrate source identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Zhuo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhengzhu Dang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fu-Jun Yue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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2
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Zhan Q, de Senerpont Domis LN, Lürling M, Marcé R, Heuts TS, Teurlincx S. Process-based modeling for ecosystem service provisioning: Non-linear responses to restoration efforts in a quarry lake under climate change. J Environ Manage 2023; 348:119163. [PMID: 37827081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Healthy freshwater ecosystems can provide vital ecosystem services (ESs), and this capacity may be hampered due to water quality deterioration and climate change. In the currently available ES modeling tools, ecosystem processes are either absent or oversimplified, hindering the evaluation of impacts of restoration measures on ES provisioning. In this study, we propose an ES modeling tool that integrates lake physics, ecology and service provisioning into a holistic modeling framework. We applied this model to a Dutch quarry lake, to evaluate how nine ESs respond to technological-based (phosphorus (P) reduction) and nature-based measures (wetland restoration). As climate change might be affecting the future effectiveness of restoration efforts, we also studied the climate change impacts on the outcome of restoration measures and provisioning of ESs, using climate scenarios for the Netherlands in 2050. Our results indicate that both phosphorus reduction and wetland restoration mitigated eutrophication symptoms, resulting in increased oxygen concentrations and water transparency, and decreased phytoplankton biomass. Delivery of most ESs was improved, including swimming, P retention, and macrophyte habitat, whereas the ES provisioning that required a more productive system was impaired (sport fishing and bird watching). However, our modeling results suggested hampered effectiveness of restoration measures upon exposure to future climate conditions, which may require intensification of restoration efforts in the future to meet restoration targets. Importantly, ESs provisioning showed non-linear responses to increasing intensity of restoration measures, indicating that effectiveness of restoration measures does not necessarily increase proportionally. In conclusion, the ecosystem service modeling framework proposed in this study, provides a holistic evaluation of lake restoration measures on ecosystem services provisioning, and can contribute to development of climate-robust management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhan
- Aquatic Knowledge Centre Wageningen (AKWA), Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO-Box 50, 6700AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO-Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Aquatic Knowledge Centre Wageningen (AKWA), Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO-Box 50, 6700AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO-Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Pervasive Systems, Faculty of EEMCS, University of Twente, PO-Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands; Department of Water Resources, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, PO-Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Knowledge Centre Wageningen (AKWA), Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO-Box 50, 6700AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO-Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rafael Marcé
- Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Cala St. Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Spain
| | - Tom S Heuts
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, PO-Box 9010, 6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Aquatic Knowledge Centre Wageningen (AKWA), Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO-Box 50, 6700AB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Arai R, Sakai T, Nishida Y, Inada M. In situ temperature-compensated ultraviolet spectrophotometry to estimate nitrate and chloride concentrations in estuarine seawater with different salinity and composition. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118689. [PMID: 37549585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Various methods have been proposed for in situ measurement of nitrate concentrations from the ultraviolet (UV) absorbance spectrum of seawater with stable salinity and constituents. However, salinity and temperature affect the UV absorption spectrum of seawater. In sea areas with large variability in salinity and water temperature, accurate nitrate ion concentration measurements remain challenging. We performed in situ measurements of nitrate, chloride, and bromide in estuarine seawater with different salinity compositions and applied water temperature compensation. First, the impact of water temperature on the UV absorbance of chloride, bromide, and nitrate was experimentally investigated and represented in a mathematical model. Next, chloride, bromide, and nitrate concentrations were estimated by suppressing the impact of residual components from the UV absorbance spectra of seawater using principal component regression (PCR). Hence, the chloride, bromide, and nitrate concentrations were determined by measuring the UV absorbance spectrum of seawater alone, without measuring water temperature and electrical conductivity. The proposed method was more accurate (±1.39 μM below 100 μM and ±0.90 μM below 20 μM) than the conventional method (±2.35 μM below 100 μM and ±1.88 μM below 20 μM) and PCR without water temperature compensation (±3.67 μM). In a field study, an in situ UV spectrophotometer with water temperature compensation was used to measure depth profiles of nitrate concentrations in estuarine seawater. We successfully measured the depth profiles of low chloride and high nitrate concentrations in the surface layer as well as high chloride and low nitrate concentrations in the lower layer. The proposed method enables in situ measurements of nitrate concentrations in waters with either stable or highly variable salinity and composition. Unlike conventional chemical analysis, our method can describe detailed spatiotemporal variations in nitrate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Arai
- Department of Marine System Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Engineering, 1-1, Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
| | - Tokinao Sakai
- Material and Equipment Department, Nippon Kaiji Kyokai, 3-3, Kioicho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0094, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishida
- Civil Engineering Business Unit, Offshore Wind Farm Business Divisions Group Construction Engineering Division, Penta-Ocean Construction Co. Ltd., +2-2-8 Koraku, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8576, Japan
| | - Maiki Inada
- Department of Marine System Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Engineering, 1-1, Gakuencho, Naka-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
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4
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Qin B, Zhang Y, Zhu G, Gao G. Eutrophication control of large shallow lakes in China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 881:163494. [PMID: 37068663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Large shallow lake refers to a polymictic system that is often well mixed without stratification during summer. Similar to a small and deep lake, a large and shallow lake has a high nutrient retention rate. Differing from a small and deep lake, it has an extensive sediment-water interface and internal loading from sediment, which has led to high susceptibility to eutrophication. There are many large and shallow freshwater lakes in the middle and lower Yangtze River (MLYR), China, experienced eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooms. To address this issue, a variety of methods focused on in-lake physical and biogeochemical processes was explored. The main gains of these studies included: (1) shallow lakes in the floodplain of the Yangtze River are prone to eutrophication because of their high trophic conditions; (2) wind-induced waves determine sediment resuspension, downward dissolved oxygen penetration, and upward soluble reactive nutrient mobilization, while wind-driven currents regulate the spatial distribution of water quality metrics and algal blooms; (3) the low P loss of shallow lakes via sedimentation and high N loss via denitrification lead to a low N:P ratio and N and P colimitation, which demonstrated the significance of dual N and P reduction for eutrophication control in shallow lakes; (4) extensive submerged macrophyte could suppress internal loading in large, shallow waters, but nutrient loading must be reduced and water clarity must be increased; and (5) climate warming promotes cyanobacterial blooms through positive feedback to exacerbate eutrophication in shallow lakes. The lack of action to address the challenges of non-point source pollution and internal loading from the sediment has led to limited effectiveness of eutrophication control in large shallow lakes under climate warming. In the future, the management of large shallow eutrophic lakes in China must combine social sciences (economic development) with natural technology (pollution reduction) to achieve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Qin
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China; School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; School of Hydrology, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yunlin Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangwei Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Gao
- Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
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5
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Mao Z, Cao Y, Gu X, Cai Y, Chen H, Zeng Q, Jeppesen E. Effects of nutrient reduction and habitat heterogeneity on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in a large shallow eutrophic lake. Sci Total Environ 2023; 867:161538. [PMID: 36640891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Taihu Lake ecosystem has been subjected to numerous anthropogenic stressors during the past decades, leading to substantial changes in nutrient dynamics and habitat quality. For instance, the northwestern lake bays receive large amounts of nutrient-rich wastewater and have frequently experienced algal blooms, while the eastern lake region is still dominated by submersed macrophytes. Such changes in environmental characteristics can greatly impact benthic macroinvertebrate communities. We used a 15-year monitoring data series collected by the Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research to examine the spatial and temporal variations of the benthic invertebrate fauna and evaluate its status and trends. We found that three major communities could be distinguished based on taxonomic group composition and abundance, and these corresponded well with three lake habitat types: algal-dominated, macrophyte-dominated, and open-lake zone. An analysis of temporal trends showed major changes in the macroinvertebrates during the study period, largely driven by a lake-wide and significant decline in the abundance of pollution-tolerant taxa. The spatial and temporal variations of macroinvertebrate communities were mainly explained by nutrients (e.g., total nitrogen and ammonium concentrations) and habitat factors (e.g., sediment substrates and macrophyte biomass) as indicated by Random Forests regression, but the major drivers of macroinvertebrate density differed among the three lake zones at the temporal scale. Moreover, our findings suggest that benthic invertebrates were more sensitive to the improvement of the lake's environmental conditions than the pelagic community was. This study provides insights into the responses of macroinvertebrates to ecological dynamics in lakes and highlights the importance of continued monitoring for tracking long-term changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Mao
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Huaiyin Normal University, Huaiyin 223300, China.
| | - Yongjiu Cai
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Huihui Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000C, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin 33731, Turkey
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6
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Kotta J, Raudsepp U, Szava-Kovats R, Aps R, Armoskaite A, Barda I, Bergström P, Futter M, Gröndahl F, Hargrave M, Jakubowska M, Jänes H, Kaasik A, Kraufvelin P, Kovaltchouk N, Krost P, Kulikowski T, Kõivupuu A, Kotta I, Lees L, Loite S, Maljutenko I, Nylund G, Paalme T, Pavia H, Purina I, Rahikainen M, Sandow V, Visch W, Yang B, Barboza FR. Assessing the potential for sea-based macroalgae cultivation and its application for nutrient removal in the Baltic Sea. Sci Total Environ 2022; 839:156230. [PMID: 35643144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine eutrophication is a pervasive and growing threat to global sustainability. Macroalgal cultivation is a promising circular economy solution to achieve nutrient reduction and food security. However, the location of production hotspots is not well known. In this paper the production potential of macroalgae of high commercial value was predicted across the Baltic Sea region. In addition, the nutrient limitation within and adjacent to macroalgal farms was investigated to suggest optimal site-specific configuration of farms. The production potential of Saccharina latissima was largely driven by salinity and the highest production yields are expected in the westernmost Baltic Sea areas where salinity is >23. The direct and interactive effects of light availability, temperature, salinity and nutrient concentrations regulated the predicted changes in the production of Ulva intestinalis and Fucus vesiculosus. The western and southern Baltic Sea exhibited the highest farming potential for these species, with promising areas also in the eastern Baltic Sea. Macroalgal farming did not induce significant nutrient limitation. The expected spatial propagation of nutrient limitation caused by macroalgal farming was less than 100-250 m. Higher propagation distances were found in areas of low nutrient and low water exchange (e.g. offshore areas in the Baltic Proper) and smaller distances in areas of high nutrient and high water exchange (e.g. western Baltic Sea and Gulf of Riga). The generated maps provide the most sought-after input to support blue growth initiatives that foster the sustainable development of macroalgal cultivation and reduction of in situ nutrient loads in the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia; Estonian Maritime Academy, Tallinn University of Technology, Kopli 101, EE-11712 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Urmas Raudsepp
- Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert Szava-Kovats
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Robert Aps
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Ieva Barda
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Voleru iela 2, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Per Bergström
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Laboratorievägen 10, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Martyn Futter
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Gröndahl
- Royal Institute of Technology, KTH Stockholm, Teknikringen 10B, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Hargrave
- Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Kristineberg 566, SE-45178 Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Jakubowska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Holger Jänes
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ants Kaasik
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Patrik Kraufvelin
- Kustlaboratoriet, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, SE-74242 Öregrund, Sweden; Åland University of Applied Sciences, PB 1010, AX-221111 Mariehamn, Åland, Finland
| | - Nikolai Kovaltchouk
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Peter Krost
- Coastal Research and Management, Tiessenkai 12, D-24159 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomasz Kulikowski
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, ul. Kołłątaja 1, PL-81332 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Anneliis Kõivupuu
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ilmar Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Liisi Lees
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sander Loite
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ilja Maljutenko
- Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, EE-12616 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Göran Nylund
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Laboratorievägen 10, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Tiina Paalme
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Henrik Pavia
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, Laboratorievägen 10, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Ingrida Purina
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Voleru iela 2, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Moona Rahikainen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Verena Sandow
- Coastal Research and Management, Tiessenkai 12, D-24159 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wouter Visch
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, Hobart, TAS 7004, Australia
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Francisco R Barboza
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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7
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Sun Y, Yu X, Yao W, Wu Z. Research progress in relationships between freshwater bivalves and algae. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 239:113665. [PMID: 35617904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication in freshwater has become increasingly severe around the world, resulting in phytoplankton overgrowth and benthic algae reduction. Bivalves can change the density, dominant species and community structure of phytoplankton, increase available light levels, and provide physical habitats and growth conditions for benthic algae. The nutritional composition, density, community structure, and toxin of algae affect the growth, feeding, digestion, metabolism, immunity of bivalves in return. Interactions of bivalves and algae and effects of environmental factors on these interactions need a synthesis of studies, when using bivalves as a biomanipulation tool to control eutrophication. Whether bivalves can effectively suppress phytoplankton and promote benthic algae is related to the collective filtration and excretion capacity determined by size, species, population densities of bivalves, the quantity and quality of algae, and environmental factors such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and hydrodynamic. Small scale bivalve biomanipulation experiments are mostly conducted in lakes, urban ponds, and reservoirs with some success, applying in the whole ecosystem should consider more questions such as natural conditions, selection and death or reproduction of bivalves, and ecological disturbances. This review provides new considerations for technical issues such as the sustainable cultivation of bivalves and the implementation of biomanipulation in eutrophic waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), and Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), and Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weizhi Yao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), and Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhengli Wu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), and Research Center of Fishery Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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8
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Wang C, Wei Z, Zhao Y, Bai L, Jiang H, Xu H, Xu Y. Resuspension and settlement characteristics of lake sediments amended by phosphorus inactivating materials: Implications for environmental remediation. J Environ Manage 2022; 302:113892. [PMID: 34688047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The classical lake internal phosphorus (P) pollution control using P-inactivating materials is typically carried out by reducing the release of soluble P from sediments to overlying water; however, particulate P loading through sediment resuspension could also cause internal P pollution for algae breeding. Therefore, based on lanthanum modified bentonite clay (Phoslock®) and drinking water treatment residues (DWTR), the effect of P inactivating materials on sediment resuspension and settlement were comprehensively investigated to assess the variations in particulate P pollution from sediment. Results showed that both materials could effectively control soluble P pollution from sediment, while both had limited effect on the supplement of particulate P to overlying water. The reason may be that hydrodynamic disturbance was the key factor regulating sediment resuspension and settlement. The disturbance induced the resuspension of different sized sediments, especially <8 μm fractions, while increasing disturbing intensities promoted resuspension of relatively larger sized sediments (e.g., <63 μm). Further analysis suggested that after resuspension and settlement, the efficiencies of reducing bioavailable P by Phoslock® in relatively large sized sediment fraction (e.g., <63 μm) were substantially less than those in relatively small sized sediment (<8 μm). Although the reducing efficacies of DWTR had limited changes in different sized sediments, the remaining bioavailable P were clearly higher in smaller sized sediments with DWTR. The different performances on bioavailable P reduction mainly resulted from the distributions of materials and original P in different sized sediments. These findings indicated the potential supplement of particulate P for algal growth during resuspension and settlement of sediments amended by P inactivating materials. Overall, understanding the sediment P bioavailability and hydraulic properties at different sizes and the lake hydrodynamic conditions is essential to develop appropriate methods to control lake internal P pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Hunan Province, Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Youze Xu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Hunan Province, Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha 410004, China.
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Wang C, Wei Z, Yan Z, Wang C, Xu S, Bai L, Jiang H, Yuan N. The feasibility of recycling drinking water treatment residue as suspended substrate for the removal of excess P and N from natural water. J Environ Manage 2021; 280:111640. [PMID: 33187785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of natural water commonly involves the pollution of both P and N. Here, we developed a new application of drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) for suspensions that permits the simultaneous removal of excess P and N from natural water and demonstrates that DWTRs recycling can provide a means for eutrophication control. Based on 364-day continuous flow tests, the suspension application of DWTRs effectively adsorbed P from overlying water under various conditions, decreasing total P concentrations from 0.0739 ± 0.0462 to 0.0111 ± 0.0079-0.0149 ± 0.0106 mg L-1, which achieved a class Ⅱ level of the China surface water quality standards during the tests. The total N concentrations were also reduced from 1.46 ± 0.63-1.52 ± 0.63 to 0.435 ± 0.185-0.495 ± 0.198 mg L-1, which achieved a class Ⅲ level during the stable stage of the tests. N removal was closely related to doses of DWTRs and aeration intensities. Effective N removal was mediated by the enriched microbial communities in the suspended DWTRs with simple, stable, and resilient networks, including many taxa associated with the N cycle (e.g., Rhodoplanes, Brevibacillus, and Pseudomonas). Further analysis indicated that both effective P adsorption and functional microbial community construction were closely related to Fe and Al in DWTRs. Suspension application prevented the burial effect of solids sinking from overlying water, which aided the ability of DWTRs to control pollution, and is potentially applicable to other materials for natural water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zaisheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunliu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Shengqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Nannan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Electronic Information Technology School, Nanjing Vocational College of Information Technology, Nanjing, China.
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10
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Zhi Y, Zhang C, Hjorth R, Baun A, Duckworth OW, Call DF, Knappe DRU, Jones JL, Grieger K. Emerging lanthanum (III)-containing materials for phosphate removal from water: A review towards future developments. Environ Int 2020; 145:106115. [PMID: 32949878 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a rise in the development of lanthanum (III)-containing materials (LM) for controlling phosphate in the aquatic environment. >70 papers have been published on this topic in the peer-reviewed literature, but mechanisms of phosphate removal by LM as well as potential environmental impacts of LM remain unclear. In this review, we summarize peer-reviewed scientific articles on the development and use of 80 different types of LM in terms of prospective benefits, potential ecological impacts, and research needs. We find that the main benefits of LM for phosphate removal are their ability to strongly bind phosphate under diverse environmental conditions (e.g., over a wide pH range, in the presence of diverse aqueous constituents). The maximum phosphate uptake capacity of LM correlates primarily with the La content of LM, whereas reaction kinetics are influenced by LM formulation and ambient environmental conditions (e.g., pH, presence of co-existing ions, ligands, organic matter). Increased La solubilization can occur under some environmental conditions, including at moderately acidic pH values (i.e., < 4.5-5.6), highly saline conditions, and in the presence of organic matter. At the same time, dissolved La will likely undergo hydrolysis, bind to organic matter, and combine with phosphate to precipitate rhabdophane (LaPO4·H2O), all of which reduce the bioavailability of La in aquatic environments. Overall, LM use presents a low risk of adverse effects in water with pH > 7 and moderate-to-high bicarbonate alkalinity, although caution should be applied when considering LM use in aquatic systems with acidic pH values and low bicarbonate alkalinity. Moving forward, we recommend additional research dedicated to understanding La release from LM under diverse environmental conditions as well as long-term exposures on ecological organisms, particularly primary producers and benthic organisms. Further, site-specific monitoring could be useful for evaluating potential impacts of LM on both biotic and abiotic systems post-application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Chuhui Zhang
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rune Hjorth
- Danish Environmental Protection Agency, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Owen W Duckworth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Douglas F Call
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Khara Grieger
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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11
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Cueto LA, Hansen AM. Phosphorus recovery by ion exchange in a solid carbonate: modeling of the process. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:15984-15993. [PMID: 31055750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a nutrient for plant growth but also a pollutant in water bodies causing eutrophication. The source of P is mainly human and animal wastewater and runoffs from different land uses. The objective of the present study is to evaluate P removal and recovery processes by ion exchange (IE) with solid carbonate (SC) in biodigestor-treated swine effluent (BTSE) using hydrogeochemical modeling. For this, BTSE compositions were obtained by literature review. A synthetized and characterized SC was used and the ion exchange site concentration ([SC-IE]) and the IE constants (Kie) were obtained experimentally and applied to model P and major anion removal and recovery processes. P recovery was evaluated for different BTSE compositions and several concentrations of SC, dissolved P (HPO42-), competing anions such as SO42-, and CO32-. The simulations suggest that a [SC-IE]:[HPO4] of 1.4 molar ratio would allow the recovery of 90% of HPO4 in BTSE, and at average alkalinity concentrations in BTSE, CO32- would compete with HPO4 for the SC-IE. The P recovery by the SC-IE process was compared with two other methods commonly used in P removal from BTSE: removal with aluminum sulfate and precipitation of struvite as a function of pH. The results suggest that SC-IE is the most efficient method in the pH range of BTSE. Besides, HPO42- was readily recovered as inorganic P that may be reused in agriculture and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Cueto
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Anne M Hansen
- Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico.
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12
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Kotta J, Futter M, Kaasik A, Liversage K, Rätsep M, Barboza FR, Bergström L, Bergström P, Bobsien I, Díaz E, Herkül K, Jonsson PR, Korpinen S, Kraufvelin P, Krost P, Lindahl O, Lindegarth M, Lyngsgaard MM, Mühl M, Sandman AN, Orav-Kotta H, Orlova M, Skov H, Rissanen J, Šiaulys A, Vidakovic A, Virtanen E. Cleaning up seas using blue growth initiatives: Mussel farming for eutrophication control in the Baltic Sea. Sci Total Environ 2020; 709:136144. [PMID: 31905569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems globally with pronounced negative effects in the Baltic and other semi-enclosed estuaries and regional seas, where algal growth associated with excess nutrients causes widespread oxygen free "dead zones" and other threats to sustainability. Decades of policy initiatives to reduce external (land-based and atmospheric) nutrient loads have so far failed to control Baltic Sea eutrophication, which is compounded by significant internal release of legacy phosphorus (P) and biological nitrogen (N) fixation. Farming and harvesting of the native mussel species (Mytilus edulis/trossulus) is a promising internal measure for eutrophication control in the brackish Baltic Sea. Mussels from the more saline outer Baltic had higher N and P content than those from either the inner or central Baltic. Despite their relatively low nutrient content, harvesting farmed mussels from the central Baltic can be a cost-effective complement to land-based measures needed to reach eutrophication status targets and is an important contributor to circularity. Cost effectiveness of nutrient removal is more dependent on farm type than mussel nutrient content, suggesting the need for additional development of farm technology. Furthermore, current regulations are not sufficiently conducive to implementation of internal measures, and may constitute a bottleneck for reaching eutrophication status targets in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonne Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Martyn Futter
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ants Kaasik
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kiran Liversage
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Merli Rätsep
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Francisco R Barboza
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, DE-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lena Bergström
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skolgatan 6, SE-74242 Öregrund, Sweden
| | - Per Bergström
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Ivo Bobsien
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, DE-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eliecer Díaz
- Novia University of Applied Sciences, Raseborgsvägen 9, 10600 Ekenäs, Finland
| | - Kristjan Herkül
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Per R Jonsson
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden; Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Samuli Korpinen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, FIN-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrik Kraufvelin
- Novia University of Applied Sciences, Raseborgsvägen 9, 10600 Ekenäs, Finland
| | - Peter Krost
- Coastal Research and Management, Tiessenkai 12, D-24159 Kiel, Germany
| | - Odd Lindahl
- Musselfeed AB, Hallgrens väg 3, SE-47431 Ellös, Sweden
| | - Mats Lindegarth
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Tjärnö, SE-45296 Strömstad, Sweden
| | | | - Martina Mühl
- Coastal Research and Management, Tiessenkai 12, D-24159 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Helen Orav-Kotta
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Mäealuse 14, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marina Orlova
- Sankt-Petersburg Research Centre of Russian Academy of Science, University embankment 5, 199034 St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Jouko Rissanen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, FIN-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrius Šiaulys
- Marine Research Institute, Klaipeda University, Universiteto ave. 17, LT-92294 Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandar Vidakovic
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elina Virtanen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, FIN-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Liu L, Dong Y, Kong M, Zhou J, Zhao H, Wang Y, Zhang M, Wang Z. Towards the comprehensive water quality control in Lake Taihu: Correlating chlorphyll a and water quality parameters with generalized additive model. Sci Total Environ 2020; 705:135993. [PMID: 31841908 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze seasonal monitoring data from Lake Taihu, collected from 2010 to 2014, with the aim to explore the correlation between chlorophyll a (Chla) and other water quality parameters. The selected optimal multivariable GAM could effectively explain the concentration variation of Chla occurring during each season, and the interpretation degree followed the order: summer > autumn > spring > winter. The fitting results indicated that the concentration variation of Chla could reflect that of biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand in all seasons. In addition, the total phosphorus showed strong ability to explain the concentration change of Chla in spring and summer, as the growth of algae would be affected when the concentration of phosphorus shifted high or low. Nitrogen showed strong ability to explain the variations in Chla concentration in autumn. The conclusions of the optimal multivariable GAM could provide decision basis for the eutrophication control. In other words, the prevention of eutrophication outbreaks could be carried out via the targeted control of key water pollutants. According to these results, the concentration of Chla was higher in northern and western lake during summer and autumn, the management should focus on nutrient input of adjacent rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongcheng Dong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ming Kong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hanbin Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yupeng Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhiping Wang
- School of Environment Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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14
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Jin X, Bi L, Lyu T, Chen J, Zhang H, Pan G. Amphoteric starch-based bicomponent modified soil for mitigation of harmful algal blooms (HABs) with broad salinity tolerance: Flocculation, algal regrowth, and ecological safety. Water Res 2019; 165:115005. [PMID: 31450218 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of harmful algal blooms (HABs) by in-situ flocculation is an emerging technology capable of efficiently removing HABs from natural waters. However, differences in salinity, pH and algal species in freshwaters and seawaters can influence the flocculation treatment. In this study, we developed a bicomponent modified soil using amphoteric starch (AS) and poly-aluminium chloride (PAC) in order to effectively flocculate microalgae under broad salinity conditions. Specifically, the impacts of water salinity (0-3.3%), pH (3-11), and algal species (Microcystis aeruginosa and marine Chlorella sp.) were investigated in order to evaluate efficiency, dosage and mechanisms of algae flocculation. The results showed that AS-PAC modified soils possessed excellent resistance to salinity change due to the anti-polyelectrolyte effect of AS, which contributed to 99.9% removal efficiency of M. aeruginosa in fresh and saline waters, and Chlorella sp. in marine water, respectively. The dosage of the flocculant modifier was only 10-20% of that of another proven modifier (i.e. Moringa oleifera), which substantially reduced the material cost. The high salinity tolerance of algal flocculation by the AS-PAC modified soil was attributed to the synergistic processes of charge neutralization and netting-bridging. Thus, this study has developed a universal flocculant and revealed fundamental mechanisms for the mitigation of HABs under broad salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Jin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- School of Animal, Rural, and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom; Centre of Integrated Water-Energy-Food Studies (iWEF), Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom.
| | - Jun Chen
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Animal, Rural, and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom; Centre of Integrated Water-Energy-Food Studies (iWEF), Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom.
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15
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Zhang Y, Wei D, Morrison L, Ge Z, Zhan X, Li R. Nutrient removal through pyrrhotite autotrophic denitrification: Implications for eutrophication control. Sci Total Environ 2019; 662:287-296. [PMID: 30690363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated nutrient removal kinetics and main influencing factors of natural pyrrhotite autotrophic denitrification (PAD), and nutrient removal performance and the microbial community in the PAD biofilter (PADB). Results demonstrated that both NO3- and PO43- in wastewater were nearly completely removed, and biological N removal and chemical P removal took place simultaneously in the PAD process. NO3- removal kinetics of the PAD can be described with half-order kinetics. The PAD was effective across a wide temperature range of 11-34 °C, initial NO3--N range of 13-52 mg·L-1 and PO43--P below 60 mg·L-1. Both NO3- and PO43- decreased gradually with wastewater flowing along the PADB. The PADB operation results show that at 12 h HRT, when the PADB treated wastewater containing 30.95 ± 0.97 mg·L-1 of NO3- and 3.02 ± 0.10 mg·L-1 of PO43--P, the effluent contained 1.15 ± 2.08 and 0.09 ± 0.11 mg·L-1 of NO3--N and PO43--P on average, respectively. In the PADB the dominant bacteria were Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas, which used pyrrhotite as the electron donor to reduce NO3-. The relative abundance of Thiobacillus at the bottom of the PADB increased from 0.81% to 58.65% and that of Sulfurimonas decreased from 97.22% to 12.30%, with exposure to pyrrhotite. From the bottom to the top of the PADB, the relative abundance of Thiobacillus increased from 58.65% to 86.23% and Sulfurimonas decreased from 12.30% to 0.52%. Technologies based on the PAD are promising ways to control eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongyang Wei
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Zhibin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ruihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
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16
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Zhang H, Lyu T, Bi L, Tempero G, Hamilton DP, Pan G. Combating hypoxia/anoxia at sediment-water interfaces: A preliminary study of oxygen nanobubble modified clay materials. Sci Total Environ 2018; 637-638:550-560. [PMID: 29754089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Combating hypoxia/anoxia is an increasingly common need for restoring natural waters suffering from eutrophication. Oxygen nanobubble modified natural particles were investigated for mitigating hypoxia/anoxia at the sediment-water interface (SWI) in a simulated column experiment. By adding oxygen nanobubble modified zeolites (ONMZ) and local soils (ONMS), the oxygen nanobubble concentrations (105-107 particles/mL) were several orders of magnitude higher in the water than the original water solution (104 particles/mL) within 24 h. In the column experiment, an oxygen-locking surface sediment layer was formed after capping with ONMZ and ONMS particles. The synergy of diffusion of oxygen nanobubbles and retention of oxygen in this layer contributes to both the increase of DO and reversal of hypoxic conditions. The overlying water had significantly higher dissolved oxygen (DO) values (4-7.5 mg/L) over the experimental period of 127 days in ONMZ and ONMS compared with the control systems (around 1 mg/L). Moreover, the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was reversed from -200 mV to 180-210 mV and maintained positive values for 89 days in ONMZ systems. In the control systems, ORP was consistently negative and decreased from -200 mV to -350 mV. The total phosphorus (TP) flux from sediment to water across the SWI was negative in the ONMZ and ONMS treated systems, but positive in the control system, indicating the sediment could be switched from TP source to sink. The oxygen-locking capping layer was crucial in preventing oxygen consumption caused by the reduced substances released from the anoxic sediment. The study outlines a potentially promising technology for mitigating sediment anoxia and controlling nutrient release from sediments, which could contribute significantly to addressing eutrophication and ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, NG250QF, UK
| | - Lei Bi
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Grant Tempero
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - David P Hamilton
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; Current Address: Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane 4120, Australia
| | - Gang Pan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, NG250QF, UK.
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17
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Wang C, Wu Y, Bai L, Zhao Y, Yan Z, Jiang H, Liu X. Recycling of drinking water treatment residue as an additional medium in columns for effective P removal from eutrophic surface water. J Environ Manage 2018; 217:363-372. [PMID: 29625405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the feasibility of recycling drinking water treatment residue (DWTR) to treat eutrophic surface water in a one-year continuous flow column test. Heat-treated DWTR was used as an additional medium (2%-4%) in columns in case excessive organic matter and N were released from the DWTR to surface water. The results indicated that with minimal undesirable effects on other water properties, DWTR addition substantially enhanced P removal, rendering P concentrations in treated water oligotrophic and treated water unsuitable for Microcystis aeruginosa breeding. Long-term stable P removal by DWTR-column treatment was mainly attributed to the relatively low P levels in raw water (<0.108 mg L-1) and high P adsorption capability of DWTR, as confirmed by increases in amorphous Al/Fe in DWTR after the tests and low adsorption of P in the mobile forms. The major components of DWTR showed minimal changes, and potential metal pollution from DWTR was not a factor to consider during recycling. DWTR also enriched functional bacterial genera that benefitted biogeochemical cycles and multiple pollution control (e.g., Dechloromonas, Geobacter, Leucobacter, Nitrospira, Rhodoplanes, and Sulfuritalea); an apparent decrease in Mycobacterium with potential pathogenicity was observed in DWTR-columns. Regardless, limited denitrification of DWTR-columns was observed as a result of low bioavailability of C in surface water. This finding indicates that DWTR can be used with other methods to ensure denitrification for enhanced treatment effects. Overall, the use of DWTR as an additional medium in column systems can potentially treat eutrophic surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Leilei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zaisheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Helong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Fang L, Liu R, Li J, Xu C, Huang LZ, Wang D. Magnetite/Lanthanum hydroxide for phosphate sequestration and recovery from lake and the attenuation effects of sediment particles. Water Res 2018; 130:243-254. [PMID: 29232636 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
An effective approach for eutrophication control and phosphate recovery remains a longstanding challenge. Herein, we present a new technique for phosphate sequestration in lake and phosphate recovery using novel magnetically recoverable magnetite/lanthanum hydroxide [M-La(OH)3] hybrids that can be prepared using a simple one-pot synthesis method. Batch studies show that M-La(OH)3 exhibits a strong sorption towards phosphate with sorption capacities of up to 52.7 mg-P/g at pH 7.0 in water. A simple model indicates that the efficiency of M-La(OH)3 for phosphate sequestration in lake is significantly attenuated by 34-45% compared to that in water, due to interference from sediment particles. However, our results demonstrate that sediments suspensions mixed with a M-La(OH)3 content of 1-3% exhibit a capability of up to 1.2 mg-P/g for sequestering external phosphate compared with that of 0.2 mg-P/g for pristine sediment at pH 7.3. M-La(OH)3-mixed sediment suspensions appear to effectively sequester phosphate over an environmentally relevant pH range from 4 to 8.5. Phosphorus (P) fractionation experiments indicate that the enhanced phosphate sorption by M-La(OH)3-mixed sediment suspensions is mainly due to the increased fractions of NaOH-P and inorganic P. This work indicates that the M-La(OH)3 has the potential for phosphate sequestration and recovery from lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fang
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388, Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ru Liu
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388, Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ji Li
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388, Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Cuihong Xu
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, No. 388, Lumo Road, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li-Zhi Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, No. 8, East Lake South Road, Wuhan, China; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Waajen G, van Oosterhout F, Lürling M. Bio-accumulation of lanthanum from lanthanum modified bentonite treatments in lake restoration. Environ Pollut 2017; 230:911-918. [PMID: 28738303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La) modified bentonite (LMB) is one of the available mitigating agents used for the reduction of the phosphorus (P) recycling in eutrophic lakes. The potential toxicity of the La from LMB to aquatic organisms is a matter of concern. In this study the accumulation of La was investigated in the macrophyte Elodea nuttallii, in chironomid larvae and in several fish species during periods up to five years following in situ LMB applications. The application of LMB increased the La concentration of exposed plants and animals. During the first growing season following LMB applications, the La content of E. nuttallii increased 78 fold (3.98-310.68 μg La g-1 DW) to 127 fold (2.46-311.44 μg La g-1). During the second growing season following application, the La content decreased but was still raised compared to plants that had not been exposed. The La content of chironomids was doubled in the two years following LMB application, although the increase was not significant. Raised La concentrations in fish liver, bone, muscle and skin were observed two and five years following to LMB application. Liver tissues showed the highest La increase, ranging from 6 fold (0.046-0.285 μg La g-1 DW) to ∼20 fold (0.080-1.886 μg La g-1, and 0.122-2.109 μg La g-1) two years following application and from 6 fold (0.046-0.262 μg La g-1) to 13 fold (0.013-0.167 μg La g-1) after five years in pelagic and littoral fish. The La content of the liver from Anguilla anguilla (eel) had increased 94 fold (0.034-3.176 μg La g-1) two years and 133 fold (0.034-4.538 μg La g-1) five years following LMB application. No acute and chronic effects of La accumulation were observed and human health risks are considered negligible. We advocate the long-term study of effects of La accumulation following future LMB applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Waajen
- Water Authority Brabantse Delta, P.O. Box 5520, 4801 DZ Breda, The Netherlands.
| | - F van Oosterhout
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Miranda M, Noyma N, Pacheco FS, de Magalhães L, Pinto E, Santos S, Soares MFA, Huszar VL, Lürling M, Marinho MM. The efficiency of combined coagulant and ballast to remove harmful cyanobacterial blooms in a tropical shallow system. Harmful Algae 2017; 65:27-39. [PMID: 28526117 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that a combination of coagulant and ballast could be efficient for removal of positively buoyant harmful cyanobacteria in shallow tropical waterbodies, and will not promote the release of cyanotoxins. This laboratory study examined the efficacy of coagulants [polyaluminium chloride (PAC) and chitosan (made of shrimp shells)] alone, and combined with ballast (lanthanum modified bentonite, red soil or gravel) to remove the natural populations of cyanobacteria collected from a shallow eutrophic urban reservoir with alternating blooms of Cylindrospermopsis and Microcystis. PAC combined with ballast was effective in settling blooms dominated by Microcystis or Cylindrospermopsis. Contrary to our expectation, chitosan combined with ballast was only effective in settling Cylindrospermopsis-dominated blooms at low pH, whereas at pH≥8 no effective flocculation and settling could be evoked. Chitosan also had a detrimental effect on Cylindrospermopsis causing the release of saxitoxins. In contrast, no detrimental effect on Microcystis was observed and all coagulant-ballast treatments were effective in not only settling the Microcystis dominated bloom, but also lowering dissolved microcystin concentrations. Our data show that the best procedure for biomass reduction also depends on the dominant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Miranda
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil.
| | - Natália Noyma
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 - PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Pacheco
- Earth System Science Center (CCST), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1.758 - Jardim da Granja, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 - PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ernani Pinto
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 - Bl 17, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Suzan Santos
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 - PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda A Soares
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Vera L Huszar
- Laboratory of Phycology, National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo M Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524 - PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Waajen G, van Oosterhout F, Douglas G, Lürling M. Management of eutrophication in Lake De Kuil (The Netherlands) using combined flocculant - Lanthanum modified bentonite treatment. Water Res 2016; 97:83-95. [PMID: 26647298 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of Lake De Kuil (The Netherlands, 6.7 ha, maximum depth 9 m) has frequently caused cyanobacterial blooms resulting in swimming bans or the issue of water quality warnings during summer. The eutrophication was mainly driven by sediment phosphorus (P)-release. The external P-loading was in the range of the critical loading for phytoplankton blooms. Hence, the reduction of the internal P-loading provided a promising way to reduce cyanobacterial blooms. To mitigate the cyanobacterial blooms, the combination of a low dose flocculant (iron(III)chloride; Flock) and a solid phase phosphate fixative (lanthanum modified bentonite; Lock) was applied in May 2009. This combined approach both removed cyanobacterial biomass from the water column and also intercepted P released from the bottom sediments. Immediately after treatment, the Secchi depth increased from 1.5 m up to 5 m. Sediment P-release decreased from 5.2 mg P m(-2) d(-1) (2009) to 0.4 mg P m(-2) d(-1) (2010) but increased in later years. Mean summer concentrations of total P decreased from 0.05 mg L(-1) (1992-2008) to 0.02 mg L(-1) (2009-2014) and chlorophyll-a from 16 μg L(-1) (1992-2008) to 6 μg L(-1) (2009-2014). Mean summer Secchi depth increased from 2.31 m (1992-2008) to 3.12 m (2009-2014). The coverage of macrophytes tripled from 2009 to 2011. In the winter of 2010/2011 Planktothrix rubescens bloomed, but cyanobacterial biomass decreased during the summers after the Flock and Lock treatment in comparison to prior years. After the Flock & Lock the bathing water requirements have been fulfilled for six consecutive summers. As the sediment P-release has gradually increased in recent years, there is a risk of a reversion from the present mesotrophic state to a eutrophic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Waajen
- Water Authority Brabantse Delta, P.O. Box 5520, 4801 DZ, Breda, The Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank van Oosterhout
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Grant Douglas
- CSIRO, Land and Water, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia.
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Spears BM, Mackay EB, Yasseri S, Gunn IDM, Waters KE, Andrews C, Cole S, De Ville M, Kelly A, Meis S, Moore AL, Nürnberg GK, van Oosterhout F, Pitt JA, Madgwick G, Woods HJ, Lürling M. A meta-analysis of water quality and aquatic macrophyte responses in 18 lakes treated with lanthanum modified bentonite (Phoslock(®)). Water Res 2016; 97:111-21. [PMID: 26433547 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanum (La) modified bentonite is being increasingly used as a geo-engineering tool for the control of phosphorus (P) release from lake bed sediments to overlying waters. However, little is known about its effectiveness in controlling P across a wide range of lake conditions or of its potential to promote rapid ecological recovery. We combined data from 18 treated lakes to examine the lake population responses in the 24 months following La-bentonite application (range of La-bentonite loads: 1.4-6.7 tonnes ha(-1)) in concentrations of surface water total phosphorus (TP; data available from 15 lakes), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP; 14 lakes), and chlorophyll a (15 lakes), and in Secchi disk depths (15 lakes), aquatic macrophyte species numbers (6 lakes) and aquatic macrophyte maximum colonisation depths (4 lakes) across the treated lakes. Data availability varied across the lakes and variables, and in general monitoring was more frequent closer to the application dates. Median annual TP concentrations decreased significantly across the lakes, following the La-bentonite applications (from 0.08 mg L(-1) in the 24 months pre-application to 0.03 mg L(-1) in the 24 months post-application), particularly in autumn (0.08 mg L(-1) to 0.03 mg L(-1)) and winter (0.08 mg L(-1) to 0.02 mg L(-1)). Significant decreases in SRP concentrations over annual (0.019 mg L(-1) to 0.005 mg L(-1)), summer (0.018 mg L(-1) to 0.004 mg L(-1)), autumn (0.019 mg L(-1) to 0.005 mg L(-1)) and winter (0.033 mg L(-1) to 0.005 mg L(-1)) periods were also reported. P concentrations following La-bentonite application varied across the lakes and were correlated positively with dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Relatively weak, but significant responses were reported for summer chlorophyll a concentrations and Secchi disk depths following La-bentonite applications, the 75th percentile values decreasing from 119 μg L(-1) to 74 μg L(-1) and increasing from 398 cm to 506 cm, respectively. Aquatic macrophyte species numbers and maximum colonisation depths increased following La-bentonite application from a median of 5.5 species to 7.0 species and a median of 1.8 m to 2.5 m, respectively. The aquatic macrophyte responses varied significantly between lakes. La-bentonite application resulted in a general improvement in water quality leading to an improvement in the aquatic macrophyte community within 24 months. However, because, the responses were highly site-specific, we stress the need for comprehensive pre- and post-application assessments of processes driving ecological structure and function in candidate lakes to inform future use of this and similar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Eleanor B Mackay
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Said Yasseri
- Institut Dr. Nowak, Mayenbrook 1, D-28870, Ottersberg, Germany
| | - Iain D M Gunn
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Kate E Waters
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | | | - Stephanie Cole
- Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Howbery Park, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BD, UK
| | - Mitzi De Ville
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Andrea Kelly
- Broads Authority, Yare House, 62-64 Thorpe Road, Norwich, NR1 1RY, UK
| | - Sebastian Meis
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK; Lanaplan GbR, Lobbericher Str. 5, D-41334, Nettetal, Germany
| | - Alanna L Moore
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | | | - Frank van Oosterhout
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jo-Anne Pitt
- Environment Agency, Station Road, Haddiscoe, Great Yarmouth, NR31 9JA, UK
| | | | - Helen J Woods
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Noyma NP, de Magalhães L, Furtado LL, Mucci M, van Oosterhout F, Huszar VLM, Marinho MM, Lürling M. Controlling cyanobacterial blooms through effective flocculation and sedimentation with combined use of flocculants and phosphorus adsorbing natural soil and modified clay. Water Res 2016; 97:26-38. [PMID: 26706124 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication often results in blooms of toxic cyanobacteria that hamper the use of lakes and reservoirs. In this paper, we experimentally evaluated the efficacy of a metal salt (poly-aluminium chloride, PAC) and chitosan, alone and combined with different doses of the lanthanum modified bentonite Phoslock(®) (LMB) or local red soil (LRS) to sediment positively buoyant cyanobacteria from Funil Reservoir, Brazil, (22°30'S, 44°45'W). We also tested the effect of calcium peroxide (CaO2) on suspended and settled cyanobacterial photosystem efficiency, and evaluated the soluble reactive P (SRP) adsorbing capacity of both LMB and LRS under oxic and anoxic conditions. Our data showed that buoyant cyanobacteria could be flocked and effectively precipitated using a combination of PAC or chitosan with LMB or LRS. The SRP sorption capacity of LMB was higher than that of LRS. The maximum P adsorption was lowered under anoxic conditions especially for LRS ballast. CaO2 addition impaired photosystem efficiency at 1 mg L(-1) or higher and killed precipitated cyanobacteria at 4 mg L(-1) or higher. A drawback was that oxygen production from the peroxide gave positive buoyancy again to the settled flocs. Therefore, further experimentations with slow release pellets are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pessoa Noyma
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo de Magalhães
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Lima Furtado
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maíra Mucci
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Oosterhout
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vera L M Huszar
- Museu Nacional, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Manzi Marinho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524-PHLC Sala 511a, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Lürling M, Tolman Y. Beating the blues: is there any music in fighting cyanobacteria with ultrasound? Water Res 2014; 66:361-373. [PMID: 25240117 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that cyanobacteria can be controlled by commercially available ultrasound transducers was tested in laboratory experiments with cultures of the cyanobacteria Anabaena sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa and the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus that were grown in the absence or presence of ultrasound (mix of 20, 28 and 44 kHz). The Scenedesmus experiment also included a treatment with the zooplankton grazer Daphnia magna. Chlorophyll-a and biovolume-based growth of Anabaena was significantly lower in ultrasound exposed cultures than in controls. Particle based growth rates were higher in ultrasound treatments. Filaments were significantly shorter in ultrasound exposed cultures reflecting filament breakage. Photosystem II efficiency was not affected by ultrasound. In Cylindrospermopsis chlorophyll-a based growth rates and photosystem II efficiencies were similar in controls and ultrasound treatments, but biovolume-based growth was significantly lower in ultrasound exposed cultures compared to controls. Despite biovolume growth rates of the filamentous cyanobacteria were reduced in ultrasound treatments compared to controls, growth remained positive implying still a population increase. In Microcystis and Scenedesmus growth rates were similar in controls and ultrasound treatments. Hence, no effect of ultrasound on these phytoplankton species was found. Ultrasound should not be viewed "environmental friendly" as it killed all Daphnia within 15 min, releasing Scenedesmus from grazing control in the cultures. Based on our experiments and critical literature review, we conclude that there is no music in controlling cyanobacteria in situ with the commercially available ultrasound transducers we have tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yora Tolman
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Regional Water Authority Delfland, P.O. Box 3061, 2061 DB Delft, The Netherlands
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25
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Lürling M, Waajen G, van Oosterhout F. Humic substances interfere with phosphate removal by Lanthanum modified clay in controlling eutrophication. Water Res 2014; 54:78-88. [PMID: 24565799 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The lanthanum (La) modified bentonite Phoslock(®) has been proposed as dephosphatisation technique aiming at removing Filterable Reactive Phosphorus (FRP) from the water and blocking the release of FRP from the sediment. In the modified clay La is expected the active ingredient. We conducted controlled laboratory experiments to measure the FRP removal by Phoslock(®) in the presence and absence of humic substances, as La complexation with humic substances might lower the effectiveness of La (Phoslock(®)) to bind FRP. The results of our study support the hypothesis that the presence of humic substances can interfere with the FRP removal by the La-modified bentonite. Both a short-term (1 d) and long-term (42 d) experiment were in agreement with predictions derived from chemical equilibrium modelling and showed lower FRP removal in presence of humic substances. This implies that in DOC-rich inland waters the applicability of exclusively Phoslock(®) as FRP binder should be met critically. In addition, we observed a strong increase of filterable La in presence of humic substances reaching in a week more than 270 μg La l(-1) that would infer a violation of the Dutch La standard for surface water, which is 10.1 μg La l(-1). Hence, humic substances are an important factor that should be given attention when considering chemical FRP inactivation as they might play a substantial role in lowering the efficacy of metal-based FRP-sorbents, which makes measurements of humic substances (DOC) as well as controlled experiments vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido Waajen
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Regional Water Authority Brabantse Delta, P.O. Box 5520, 4801 DZ Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van Oosterhout
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Lürling M, van Oosterhout F. Controlling eutrophication by combined bloom precipitation and sediment phosphorus inactivation. Water Res 2013; 47:6527-6537. [PMID: 24041525 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that the combination of the flocculent polyaluminium chloride (PAC) with the lanthanum-modified bentonite Phoslock(®) (Flock & Lock) could sink effectively a water bloom of cyanobacteria and could shift a turbid, cyanobacteria infested lake to a clear water lake was tested in a controlled laboratory experiment and a whole lake experiment. In the laboratory, a relatively low dose of the flocculent PAC (2.2 and 4.4 mg Al l(-1)) was insufficient to sediment positively buoyant cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa). Similarly, the lanthanum modified clay (dosed at 390 mg l(-1)) was insufficient to sediment the positively buoyant cyanobacteria. However, the combination of PAC and Phoslock(®) effectively sedimented cyanobacteria flocks. Likewise, a combined treatment of 2 tons PAC and 18 tons Phoslock(®) in Lake Rauwbraken in April 2008 effectively sedimented a developing cyanobacteria bloom of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. The average chlorophyll-a concentration in the two years prior to this Flock & Lock treatment was 19.5 (±36.5) μg l(-1), while it was as low as 3.7 (±4.5) μg l(-1) in the years following the treatment. The combined treatment effectively reduced the amount of total phosphorus (TP) in the water column from on average 169 (±126) μg P l(-1) before the application to 14 (±15) μg P l(-1) after the treatment. Based on mean summer chlorophyll-a and TP concentrations, the lake was shifted from a eutrophic/hypertrophic state to an oligo/mesotrophic state. From directly after treatment in April 2008 until and including 2013, Lake Rauwbraken remained in an oligo-mesotrophic clear water state with TP reduced to less than 10% of the pre-treatment. This result shows that eutrophication in relatively small, isolated, stratifying lakes can be restored by targeting both water column and sediment P using a combination of flocculent and solid phase P-sorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Lürling
- Aquatic Ecology & Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Spears BM, Lürling M, Yasseri S, Castro-Castellon AT, Gibbs M, Meis S, McDonald C, McIntosh J, Sleep D, Van Oosterhout F. Lake responses following lanthanum-modified bentonite clay (Phoslock®) application: an analysis of water column lanthanum data from 16 case study lakes. Water Res 2013; 47:5930-5942. [PMID: 23911225 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Phoslock(®) is a lanthanum (La) modified bentonite clay that is being increasingly used as a geo-engineering tool for the control of legacy phosphorus (P) release from lake bed sediments to overlying waters. This study investigates the potential for negative ecological impacts from elevated La concentrations associated with the use of Phoslock(®) across 16 case study lakes. Impact-recovery trajectories associated with total lanthanum (TLa) and filterable La (FLa) concentrations in surface and bottom waters were quantified over a period of up to 60 months following Phoslock(®) application. Both surface and bottom water TLa and FLa concentrations were <0.001 mg L(-1) in all lakes prior to the application of Phoslock(®). The effects of Phoslock(®) application were evident in the post-application maximum TLa and FLa concentrations reported for surface waters between 0.026 mg L(-1)-2.30 mg L(-1) and 0.002 mg L(-1) to 0.14 mg L(-1), respectively. Results of generalised additive modelling indicated that recovery trajectories for TLa and FLa in surface and bottom waters in lakes were represented by 2nd order decay relationships, with time, and that recovery reached an end-point between 3 and 12 months post-application. Recovery in bottom water was slower (11-12 months) than surface waters (3-8 months), most probably as a result of variation in physicochemical conditions of the receiving waters and associated effects on product settling rates and processes relating to the disturbance of bed sediments. CHEAQS PRO modelling was also undertaken on 11 of the treated lakes in order to predict concentrations of La(3+) ions and the potential for negative ecological impacts. This modelling indicated that the concentrations of La(3+) ions will be very low (<0.0004 mg L(-1)) in lakes of moderately low to high alkalinity (>0.8 mEq L(-1)), but higher (up to 0.12 mg L(-1)) in lakes characterised by very low alkalinity. The effects of elevated La(3+) concentrations following Phoslock(®) applications in lakes of very low alkalinity requires further evaluation. The implications for the use of Phoslock(®) in eutrophication management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK.
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