1
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Du X, Xing Y, Li Y, Cao M, Wu J, Dong G, Shi Z, Wei X, Qiu M, Gao J, Xu Y, Xu H, Liu D, Dong Y. Gradually Self-Strengthen DNA Supramolecular Hydrogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2400177. [PMID: 38636558 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic mechanical strength of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to play important role in determining the cell behavior. Growing evidences suggest that the gradual stiffening process of the matrix is particularly decisive during tissue development and wound healing. Herein, a novel strategy to prepare hydrogels with gradually enhanced mechanical strength is provided. Such hydrogels could maintain the dynamic properties at their initial states, such as self-healing and shear-thinning properties. With subsequent slow covalent crosslinking, the stability and mechanical properties would be gradually improved. This method is useful for sequence programmability and oxidation strategies, which has provided an alternated tool to study cell behavior during dynamic increase in mechanical strength of ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuji Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongzheng Xing
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guizhi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ziwei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xunan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Miaomiao Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjie Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuanchen Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Garibyan M, Hoffman T, Makaske T, Do SK, Wu Y, Williams BA, March AR, Cho N, Pedroncelli N, Lima RE, Soto J, Jackson B, Santoso JW, Khademhosseini A, Thomson M, Li S, McCain ML, Morsut L. Engineering programmable material-to-cell pathways via synthetic notch receptors to spatially control differentiation in multicellular constructs. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5891. [PMID: 39003263 PMCID: PMC11246427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors are genetically encoded, modular synthetic receptors that enable mammalian cells to detect environmental signals and respond by activating user-prescribed transcriptional programs. Although some materials have been modified to present synNotch ligands with coarse spatial control, applications in tissue engineering generally require extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived scaffolds and/or finer spatial positioning of multiple ligands. Thus, we develop here a suite of materials that activate synNotch receptors for generalizable engineering of material-to-cell signaling. We genetically and chemically fuse functional synNotch ligands to ECM proteins and ECM-derived materials. We also generate tissues with microscale precision over four distinct reporter phenotypes by culturing cells with two orthogonal synNotch programs on surfaces microcontact-printed with two synNotch ligands. Finally, we showcase applications in tissue engineering by co-transdifferentiating fibroblasts into skeletal muscle or endothelial cell precursors in user-defined micropatterns. These technologies provide avenues for spatially controlling cellular phenotypes in mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mher Garibyan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler Hoffman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thijs Makaske
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Utrecht University in the lab of Prof. Dr. Lukas Kapitein, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Stephanie K Do
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian A Williams
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R March
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Nathan Cho
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Pedroncelli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo Espinosa Lima
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Jackson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Santoso
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Matt Thomson
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Broad Stem Cell Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Leonardo Morsut
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, USC Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Tran JC, Kuffner CJ, Marzilli AM, Miller RE, Silfen ZE, McMahan JB, Sloas DC, Chen CS, Ngo JT. Fluorescein-Based SynNotch Adaptors for Regulating Gene Expression Responses to Diverse Extracellular Cues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598538. [PMID: 38915575 PMCID: PMC11195177 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
We introduce an adaptor-based strategy for regulating fluorescein-binding synthetic Notch (SynNotch) receptors using ligands based on conjugates of fluorescein isomers and analogs. To develop a versatile system, we evaluated the surface expression and activities of multiple constructs containing distinct extracellular fluorescein-binding domains. Using an optimized receptor, we devised ways to regulate signaling via fluorescein-based chemical transformations, including an approach based on a bio-orthogonal chemical ligation and a spatially controllable strategy via the photo-patterned uncaging of an o -nitrobenzyl-caged fluorescein conjugate. We further demonstrate that fluorescein-conjugated extracellular matrix (ECM)-binding peptides can regulate SynNotch activity depending on the folding state of collagen-based ECM networks. Treatment with these conjugates enabled cells to distinguish between folded versus denatured collagen proteins and enact dose-dependent gene expression responses depending on the nature of the signaling adaptors presented. To demonstrate the utility of these tools, we applied them to control the myogenic conversion of fibroblasts into myocytes with spatial and temporal precision and in response to denatured collagen-I, a biomarker of multiple pathological states. Overall, we introduce an optimized fluorescein-binding SynNotch as a versatile tool for regulating transcriptional responses to extracellular ligands based on the widely used and clinically-approved fluorescein dye.
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4
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Ryoo H, Kimmel H, Rondo E, Underhill GH. Advances in high throughput cell culture technologies for therapeutic screening and biological discovery applications. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10627. [PMID: 38818120 PMCID: PMC11135158 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular phenotypes and functional responses are modulated by the signals present in their microenvironment, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, tissue mechanical properties, soluble signals and nutrients, and cell-cell interactions. To better recapitulate and analyze these complex signals within the framework of more physiologically relevant culture models, high throughput culture platforms can be transformative. High throughput methodologies enable scientists to extract increasingly robust and broad datasets from individual experiments, screen large numbers of conditions for potential hits, better qualify and predict responses for preclinical applications, and reduce reliance on animal studies. High throughput cell culture systems require uniformity, assay miniaturization, specific target identification, and process simplification. In this review, we detail the various techniques that researchers have used to face these challenges and explore cellular responses in a high throughput manner. We highlight several common approaches including two-dimensional multiwell microplates, microarrays, and microfluidic cell culture systems as well as unencapsulated and encapsulated three-dimensional high throughput cell culture systems, featuring multiwell microplates, micromolds, microwells, microarrays, granular hydrogels, and cell-encapsulated microgels. We also discuss current applications of these high throughput technologies, namely stem cell sourcing, drug discovery and predictive toxicology, and personalized medicine, along with emerging opportunities and future impact areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ryoo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Hannah Kimmel
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Evi Rondo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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5
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Munoz-Robles BG, DeForest CA. Irreversible light-activated SpyLigation mediates split-protein assembly in 4D. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1015-1052. [PMID: 38253657 PMCID: PMC11288621 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The conditional assembly of split-protein pairs to modulate biological activity is commonly achieved by fusing split-protein fragments to dimerizing components that bring inactive pairs into close proximity in response to an exogenous trigger. However, current methods lack full spatial and temporal control over reconstitution, require sustained activation and lack specificity. Here light-activated SpyLigation (LASL), based on the photoregulation of the covalent SpyTag (ST)/SpyCatcher (SC) peptide-protein reaction, assembles nonfunctional split fragment pairs rapidly and irreversibly in solution, in engineered biomaterials and intracellularly. LASL introduces an ortho-nitrobenzyl(oNB)-caged lysine into SC's reactive site to generate a photoactivatable SC (pSC). Split-protein pairs of interest fused to pSC and ST are conditionally assembled via near-ultraviolet or pulsed near-infrared irradiation, as the uncaged SC can react with ST to ligate appended fragments. We describe procedures for the efficient synthesis of the photocaged amino acid that is incorporated within pSC (<5 days) as well as the design and cloning of LASL plasmids (1-4 days) for recombinant protein expression in either Escherichia coli (5-6 days) or mammalian cells (4-6 days), which require some prior expertise in protein engineering. We provide a chemoenzymatic scheme for appending bioorthogonal reactive handles onto E. coli-purified pSC protein (<4 days) that permits LASL component incorporation and patterned protein activation within many common biomaterial platforms. Given that LASL is irreversible, the photolithographic patterning procedures are fast and do not require sustained light exposure. Overall, LASL can be used to interrogate and modulate cell signaling in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brizzia G Munoz-Robles
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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Dimmitt N, Lin CC. Degradable and Multifunctional PEG-Based Hydrogels Formed by iEDDA Click Chemistry with Stable Click-Induced Supramolecular Interactions. Macromolecules 2024; 57:1556-1568. [PMID: 38435678 PMCID: PMC10903513 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reactions are highly efficient click chemistry increasingly utilized in bioconjugation, live cell labeling, and the synthesis and modification of biomaterials. iEDDA click reactions have also been used to cross-link tetrazine (Tz) and norbornene (NB) modified macromers [e.g., multiarm poly(ethylene glycol) or PEG]. In these hydrogels, Tz-NB adducts exhibit stable supramolecular interactions with a high hydrolytic stability. Toward engineering a new class of PEG-based click hydrogels with highly adaptable properties, we previously reported a new group of NB-derivatized PEG macromers via reacting hydroxyl-terminated PEG with carbic anhydride (CA). In this work, we show that hydrogels cross-linked by PEGNBCA or its derivatives exhibited fast and tunable hydrolytic degradation. Here, we show that PEGNBCA (either mono- or octafunctional) and its dopamine or tyramine conjugated derivatives (i.e., PEGNB-D and PEGNB-T) readily cross-link with 4-arm PEG-Tz to form a novel class of multifunctional iEDDA click hydrogels. Through modularly adjusting the macromers with unstable and stable iEDDA click-induced supramolecular interactions (iEDDA-CSI), we achieved highly tunable degradation, with full degradation in less than 2 weeks to over two months. We also show that secondary enzymatic reactions could dynamically stiffen these hydrogels. These hydrogels could also be spatiotemporally photopatterned through visible light-initiated photochemistry. Finally, the iEDDA-CSI hydrogels post ester hydrolysis displayed shear-thinning and self-healing properties, enabling injectable delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan
H. Dimmitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Chien-Chi Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Purdue School of Engineering & Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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7
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Jalloh US, Gsell A, Gultian KA, MacAulay J, Madden A, Smith J, Siri L, Vega SL. Synthesis and Photopatterning of Synthetic Thiol-Norbornene Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:164. [PMID: 38534582 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are a class of soft biomaterials and the material of choice for a myriad of biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and highly tunable mechanical and biochemical properties. Specifically, light-mediated thiol-norbornene click reactions between norbornene-modified macromers and di-thiolated crosslinkers can be used to form base hydrogels amenable to spatial biochemical modifications via subsequent light reactions between pendant norbornenes in the hydrogel network and thiolated peptides. Macromers derived from natural sources (e.g., hyaluronic acid, gelatin, alginate) can cause off-target cell signaling, and this has motivated the use of synthetic macromers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). In this study, commercially available 8-arm norbornene-modified PEG (PEG-Nor) macromers were reacted with di-thiolated crosslinkers (dithiothreitol, DTT) to form synthetic hydrogels. By varying the PEG-Nor weight percent or DTT concentration, hydrogels with a stiffness range of 3.3 kPa-31.3 kPa were formed. Pendant norbornene groups in these hydrogels were used for secondary reactions to either increase hydrogel stiffness (by reacting with DTT) or to tether mono-thiolated peptides to the hydrogel network. Peptide functionalization has no effect on bulk hydrogel mechanics, and this confirms that mechanical and biochemical signals can be independently controlled. Using photomasks, thiolated peptides can also be photopatterned onto base hydrogels, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) attach and spread on RGD-functionalized PEG-Nor hydrogels. MSCs encapsulated in PEG-Nor hydrogels are also highly viable, demonstrating the ability of this platform to form biocompatible hydrogels for 2D and 3D cell culture with user-defined mechanical and biochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umu S Jalloh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Arielle Gsell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Kirstene A Gultian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - James MacAulay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Abigail Madden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Jillian Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Luke Siri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Sebastián L Vega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
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8
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Rizwan M. Shaping Tomorrow's Liver Organoids: A Journey Toward Integrating Bile Ducts. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300450. [PMID: 37845008 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Liver tissue engineering has undergone remarkable developments since the late 20th century, transitioning from simple two-dimensional cultures to sophisticated three-dimensional organoid models for drug toxicity assessments. Stem cell innovations have enabled the creation of liver organoids for disease modelling and tissue engineering. However, a key limitation is the absence of functional bile ducts in these organoids, crucial for replicating bile-duct related diseases. Bile, synthesized by hepatocytes, plays a vital role in digesting fats and expelling lipid-soluble wastes, including drug byproducts. Diseases impeding bile flow are responsible for many liver transplants and can cause severe conditions such as liver cirrhosis, causing over 50,000 annual deaths in the US. Current liver organoids, while bile-producing, are devoid of bile ducts, limiting their efficacy in mimicking diseases related to bile flow. This article underscores the pressing need to incorporate bile ducts in engineered liver tissues, delves into the challenges faced in this effort, and highlights potential solutions through biomaterial and bioengineering techniques. Such advancements will offer researchers enhanced insights into bile duct disorders and pave the way for exploring innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr, 305 MM. Bldg., Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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9
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Gharios R, Francis RM, DeForest CA. Chemical and Biological Engineering Strategies to Make and Modify Next-Generation Hydrogel Biomaterials. MATTER 2023; 6:4195-4244. [PMID: 38313360 PMCID: PMC10836217 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development of technologies to probe and direct in vitro cellular function for fundamental organoid and stem cell biology, functional tissue and metabolic engineering, and biotherapeutic formulation. Recapitulating many critical aspects of the native cellular niche, hydrogel biomaterials have proven to be a defining platform technology in this space, catapulting biological investigation from traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture into the 3D world. Seeking to better emulate the dynamic heterogeneity characteristic of all living tissues, global efforts over the last several years have centered around upgrading hydrogel design from relatively simple and static architectures into stimuli-responsive and spatiotemporally evolvable niches. Towards this end, advances from traditionally disparate fields including bioorthogonal click chemistry, chemoenzymatic synthesis, and DNA nanotechnology have been co-opted and integrated to construct 4D-tunable systems that undergo preprogrammed functional changes in response to user-defined inputs. In this Review, we highlight how advances in synthetic, semisynthetic, and bio-based chemistries have played a critical role in the triggered creation and customization of next-generation hydrogel biomaterials. We also chart how these advances stand to energize the translational pipeline of hydrogels from bench to market and close with an outlook on outstanding opportunities and challenges that lay ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gharios
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
| | - Ryan M. Francis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
| | - Cole A. DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98105, USA
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10
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Wei SY, Chen PY, Hsieh CC, Chen YS, Chen TH, Yu YS, Tsai MC, Xie RH, Chen GY, Yin GC, Melero-Martin JM, Chen YC. Engineering large and geometrically controlled vascularized nerve tissue in collagen hydrogels to restore large-sized volumetric muscle loss. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122402. [PMID: 37988898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Developing scalable vascularized and innervated tissue is a critical challenge for the successful clinical application of tissue-engineered constructs. Collagen hydrogels are extensively utilized in cell-mediated vascular network formation because of their naturally excellent biological properties. However, the substantial increase in hydrogel contraction induced by populated cells limits their long-term use. Previous studies attempted to mitigate this issue by concentrating collagen pre-polymer solutions or synthesizing covalently crosslinked collagen hydrogels. However, these methods only partially reduce hydrogel contraction while hindering blood vessel formation within the hydrogels. To address this challenge, we introduced additional support in the form of a supportive spacer to counteract the contraction forces of populated cells and prevent hydrogel contraction. This approach was found to promote cell spreading, resist hydrogel contraction, control hydrogel/tissue geometry, and even facilitate the engineering of functional blood vessels and host nerve growth in just one week. Subsequently, implanting these engineered tissues into muscle defect sites resulted in timely anastomosis with the host vasculature, leading to enhanced myogenesis, increased muscle innervation, and the restoration of injured muscle functionality. Overall, this innovative strategy expands the applicability of collagen hydrogels in fabricating large vascularized nerve tissue constructs for repairing volumetric muscle loss (∼63 %) and restoring muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yen Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Hsieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Shan Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chun Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Hao Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Gung-Chian Yin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Juan M Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ying-Chieh Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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11
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Bailey SJ, Hopkins E, Baxter NJ, Whitehead I, de Alaniz JR, Wilson MZ. Diels-Alder Photoclick Patterning of Extracellular Matrix for Spatially Controlled Cell Behaviors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303453. [PMID: 37611189 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Strategies that mimic the spatial complexity of natural tissues can provide cellular scaffolds to probe fundamental questions in cell biology and offer new materials for regenerative medicine. Here, the authors demonstrate a light-guided patterning platform that uses natural engineered extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins as a substrate to program cellular behaviors. A photocaged diene which undergoes Diels-Alder-based click chemistry upon uncaging with 365 nm light is utilized. By interfacing with commercially available maleimide dienophiles, patterning of common ECM proteins (collagen, fibronectin Matrigel, laminin) with readily purchased functional small molecules and growth factors is achieved. Finally, the use of this platform to spatially control ERK activity and migration in mammalian cells is highlighted, demonstrating programmable cell behavior through patterned chemical modification of natural ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Erik Hopkins
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Naomi J Baxter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Isobel Whitehead
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Maxwell Z Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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12
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Ramani N, Figg CA, Anderson AJ, Winegar PH, Oh E, Ebrahimi SB, Samanta D, Mirkin CA. Spatially-Encoding Hydrogels With DNA to Control Cell Signaling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301086. [PMID: 37221642 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Patterning biomolecules in synthetic hydrogels offers routes to visualize and learn how spatially-encoded cues modulate cell behavior (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis). However, investigating the role of multiple, spatially defined biochemical cues within a single hydrogel matrix remains challenging because of the limited number of orthogonal bioconjugation reactions available for patterning. Herein, a method to pattern multiple oligonucleotide sequences in hydrogels using thiol-yne photochemistry is introduced. Rapid hydrogel photopatterning of hydrogels with micron resolution DNA features (≈1.5 µm) and control over DNA density are achieved over centimeter-scale areas using mask-free digital photolithography. Sequence-specific DNA interactions are then used to reversibly tether biomolecules to patterned regions, demonstrating chemical control over individual patterned domains. Last, localized cell signaling is shown using patterned protein-DNA conjugates to selectively activate cells on patterned areas. Overall, this work introduces a synthetic method to achieve multiplexed micron resolution patterns of biomolecules onto hydrogel scaffolds, providing a platform to study complex spatially-encoded cellular signaling environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Ramani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus, Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - C Adrian Figg
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alex J Anderson
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Peter H Winegar
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - EunBi Oh
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sasha B Ebrahimi
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Devleena Samanta
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Chad A Mirkin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus, Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2190 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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13
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Falcucci T, Radke M, Sahoo JK, Hasturk O, Kaplan DL. Multifunctional silk vinyl sulfone-based hydrogel scaffolds for dynamic material-cell interactions. Biomaterials 2023; 300:122201. [PMID: 37348323 PMCID: PMC10366540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and mechanical interactions between cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix influence cell behavior and fate. Mimicking these features in vitro has prompted the design and development of biomaterials, with continuing efforts to improve tailorable systems that also incorporate dynamic chemical functionalities. The majority of these chemistries have been incorporated into synthetic biomaterials, here we focus on modifications of silk protein with dynamic features achieved via enzymatic, "click", and photo-chemistries. The one-pot synthesis of vinyl sulfone modified silk (SilkVS) can be tuned to manipulate the degree of functionalization. The resultant modified protein-based material undergoes three different gelation mechanisms, enzymatic, "click", and light-induced, to generate hydrogels for in vitro cell culture. Further, the versatility of this chemical functionality is exploited to mimic cell-ECM interactions via the incorporation of bioactive peptides and proteins or by altering the mechanical properties of the material to guide cell behavior. SilkVS is well-suited for use in in vitro culture, providing a natural protein with both tunable biochemistry and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Falcucci
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Margaret Radke
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - Onur Hasturk
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA, USA.
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14
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Rapp TL, DeForest CA. Tricolor visible wavelength-selective photodegradable hydrogel biomaterials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5250. [PMID: 37640707 PMCID: PMC10462736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic hydrogel biomaterials have demonstrated great potential for user-triggered therapeutic release, patterned organoid development, and four-dimensional control over advanced cell fates in vitro. Current photosensitive materials are constrained by their reliance on high-energy ultraviolet light (<400 nm) that offers poor tissue penetrance and limits access to the broader visible spectrum. Here, we report a family of three photolabile material crosslinkers that respond rapidly and with unique tricolor wavelength-selectivity to low-energy visible light (400-617 nm). We show that when mixed with multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) macromolecular precursors, ruthenium polypyridyl- and ortho-nitrobenzyl (oNB)-based crosslinkers yield cytocompatible biomaterials that can undergo spatiotemporally patterned, uniform bulk softening, and multiplexed degradation several centimeters deep through complex tissue. We demonstrate that encapsulated living cells within these photoresponsive gels show high viability and can be successfully recovered from the hydrogels following photodegradation. Moving forward, we anticipate that these advanced material platforms will enable new studies in 3D mechanobiology, controlled drug delivery, and next-generation tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Rapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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15
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Francis RM, DeForest CA. 4D Biochemical Photocustomization of Hydrogel Scaffolds for Biomimetic Tissue Engineering. ACCOUNTS OF MATERIALS RESEARCH 2023; 4:704-715. [PMID: 39071987 PMCID: PMC11271249 DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Programmable engineered tissues and the materials that support them are instrumental to the development of next-generation therapeutics and gaining new understanding of human biology. Toward these ends, recent years have brought a growing emphasis on the creation of "4D" hydrogel culture platforms-those that can be customized in 3D space and on demand over time. Many of the most powerful 4D-tunable biomaterials are photochemically regulated, affording users unmatched spatiotemporal modulation through high-yielding, synthetically tractable, and cytocompatible reactions. Precise physicochemical manipulation of gel networks has given us the ability to drive critical changes in cell fate across a diverse range of distance and time scales, including proliferation, migration, and differentiation through user-directed intracellular and intercellular signaling. This Account provides a survey of the numerous creative approaches taken by our lab and others to recapitulate the dynamically heterogeneous biochemistry underpinning in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM)-cell interactions via light-based network (de)decoration with biomolecules (e.g., peptides, proteins) and in situ protein activation/generation. We believe the insights gained from these studies can motivate disruptive improvements to emerging technologies, including low-variability organoid generation and culture, high-throughput drug screening, and personalized medicine. As photolithography and chemical modification strategies continue to mature, access to and control over new and increasingly complex biological pathways are being unlocked. The earliest hydrogel photopatterning efforts selectively encapsulated bioactive peptides and drugs into rudimentary gel volumes. Through continued exploration and refinement, next-generation materials now boast reversible, multiplexed, and/or Boolean logic-based biomolecule presentation, as well as functional activation at subcellular resolutions throughout 3D space. Lithographic hardware and software technologies, particularly those enabling image-guided patterning, allow researchers to precisely replicate complex biological structures within engineered tissue environments. The advent of bioorthogonal click chemistries has expanded 4D tissue engineering toolkits, permitting diverse constructs to be independently customized in the vicinity of any cell that is amenable to hydrogel-based culture. Additionally, the adoption of modern protein engineering techniques including genetic code expansion and chemoenzymatic alteration provides a roadmap toward site-specific modification of nearly any recombinant or isolated protein, affording installation of photoreactive and click handles without sacrificing their bioactivity. While the established bind, release, (de)activate paradigm in hydrogel photolithography continues to thrive alongside these modern engineering techniques, new studies are also demonstrating photocontrol of more complex or nonclassical operations, including engineered material-microorganism interfaces and functional protein photoassembly. Such creative approaches offer exciting new avenues for the field, including spatial control of on-demand biomolecule production from cellular depots and patterned bioactivity using a growing array of split protein pairs. Taken together, these technologies provide the foundation for truly biomimetic photopatterning of engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Francis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States
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16
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Wu KL, Bretherton RC, Davis J, DeForest CA. Pharmacological regulation of protein-polymer hydrogel stiffness. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24487-24490. [PMID: 37588975 PMCID: PMC10426327 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) undergoes constant physiochemical change. User-programmable biomaterials afford exciting opportunities to study such dynamic processes in vitro. Herein, we introduce a protein-polymer hydrogel whose stiffness can be pharmacologically and reversibly regulated with conventional antibiotics. Specifically, a coumermycin-mediated homodimerization of gel-tethered DNA gyrase subunit B (GyrB) creates physical crosslinking and a rheological increase in hydrogel mechanics, while competitive displacement of coumermycin with novobiocin returns the material to its softened state. These unique platforms could potentially be modulated in vivo and are expected to prove useful in elucidating the effects of ECM-presented mechanical signals on cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington (UW) Seattle WA 98105 USA
| | - Ross C Bretherton
- Department of Bioengineering, UW Seattle WA 98105 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, UW Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, UW Seattle WA 98105 USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, UW Seattle WA 98109 USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, UW Seattle WA 98109 USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, UW Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington (UW) Seattle WA 98105 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UW Seattle WA 98105 USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, UW Seattle WA 98109 USA
- Department of Chemistry, UW Seattle WA 98105 USA
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, UW Seattle WA 98109 USA
- Institute for Protein Design, UW Seattle WA 98105 USA
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17
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Falandt M, Bernal PN, Dudaryeva O, Florczak S, Gröfibacher G, Schweiger M, Longoni A, Greant C, Assunção M, Nijssen O, van Vlierberghe S, Malda J, Vermonden T, Levato R. Spatial-Selective Volumetric 4D Printing and Single-Photon Grafting of Biomolecules within Centimeter-Scale Hydrogels via Tomographic Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:admt.202300026. [PMID: 37811162 PMCID: PMC7615165 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional additive manufacturing and biofabrication techniques are unable to edit the chemicophysical properties of the printed object postprinting. Herein, a new approach is presented, leveraging light-based volumetric printing as a tool to spatially pattern any biomolecule of interest in custom-designed geometries even across large, centimeter-scale hydrogels. As biomaterial platform, a gelatin norbornene resin is developed with tunable mechanical properties suitable for tissue engineering applications. The resin can be volumetrically printed within seconds at high resolution (23.68 ± 10.75 μm). Thiol-ene click chemistry allows on-demand photografting of thiolated compounds postprinting, from small to large (bio)molecules (e.g., fluorescent dyes or growth factors). These molecules are covalently attached into printed structures using volumetric light projections, forming 3D geometries with high spatiotemporal control and ≈50 μm resolution. As a proof of concept, vascular endothelial growth factor is locally photografted into a bioprinted construct and demonstrated region-dependent enhanced adhesion and network formation of endothelial cells. This technology paves the way toward the precise spatiotemporal biofunctionalization and modification of the chemical composition of (bio)printed constructs to better guide cell behavior, build bioactive cue gradients. Moreover, it opens future possibilities for 4D printing to mimic the dynamic changes in morphogen presentation natively experienced in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Falandt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Paulina Nuñez Bernal
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Oksana Dudaryeva
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Sammy Florczak
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Gröfibacher
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schweiger
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Alessia Longoni
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Coralie Greant
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Ghent 9000, Belgium; BIO INX BV Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 66, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Marisa Assunção
- Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Nijssen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry & Biomaterials Group Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Ghent University Ghent 9000, Belgium; BIO INX BV Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 66, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopedics University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht University Utrecht 3584CX, The Netherlands
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18
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Lee JC, Brien HJ, Walton BL, Eidman ZM, Toda S, Lim WA, Brunger JM. Instructional materials that control cellular activity through synthetic Notch receptors. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122099. [PMID: 37023529 PMCID: PMC10320837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The field of regenerative engineering relies primarily on the dual technical platforms of cell selection/conditioning and biomaterial fabrication to support directed cell differentiation. As the field has matured, an appreciation for the influence of biomaterials on cell behaviors has resulted in engineered matrices that meet biomechanical and biochemical demands of target pathologies. Yet, despite advances in methods to produce designer matrices, regenerative engineers remain unable to reliably orchestrate behaviors of therapeutic cells in situ. Here, we present a platform named MATRIX whereby cellular responses to biomaterials can be custom defined by combining engineered materials with cells expressing cognate synthetic biology control modules. Such privileged channels of material-to-cell communication can activate synthetic Notch receptors and govern activities as diverse as transcriptome engineering, inflammation attenuation, and pluripotent stem cell differentiation, all in response to materials decorated with otherwise bioinert ligands. Further, we show that engineered cellular behaviors are confined to programmed biomaterial surfaces, highlighting the potential to use this platform to spatially organize cellular responses to bulk, soluble factors. This integrated approach of co-engineering cells and biomaterials for orthogonal interactions opens new avenues for reproducible control of cell-based therapies and tissue replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Hannah J Brien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Bonnie L Walton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Zachary M Eidman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Satoshi Toda
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Wendell A Lim
- Cell Design Institute and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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19
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Garibyan M, Hoffman T, Makaske T, Do S, March AR, Cho N, Pedroncelli N, Lima RE, Soto J, Jackson B, Khademhosseini A, Li S, McCain M, Morsut L. Engineering Programmable Material-To-Cell Pathways Via Synthetic Notch Receptors To Spatially Control Cellular Phenotypes In Multi-Cellular Constructs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.19.541497. [PMID: 37293089 PMCID: PMC10245658 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors are modular synthetic components that are genetically engineered into mammalian cells to detect signals presented by neighboring cells and respond by activating prescribed transcriptional programs. To date, synNotch has been used to program therapeutic cells and pattern morphogenesis in multicellular systems. However, cell-presented ligands have limited versatility for applications that require spatial precision, such as tissue engineering. To address this, we developed a suite of materials to activate synNotch receptors and serve as generalizable platforms for generating user-defined material-to-cell signaling pathways. First, we demonstrate that synNotch ligands, such as GFP, can be conjugated to cell- generated ECM proteins via genetic engineering of fibronectin produced by fibroblasts. We then used enzymatic or click chemistry to covalently link synNotch ligands to gelatin polymers to activate synNotch receptors in cells grown on or within a hydrogel. To achieve microscale control over synNotch activation in cell monolayers, we microcontact printed synNotch ligands onto a surface. We also patterned tissues comprising cells with up to three distinct phenotypes by engineering cells with two distinct synthetic pathways and culturing them on surfaces microfluidically patterned with two synNotch ligands. We showcase this technology by co-transdifferentiating fibroblasts into skeletal muscle or endothelial cell precursors in user-defined spatial patterns towards the engineering of muscle tissue with prescribed vascular networks. Collectively, this suite of approaches extends the synNotch toolkit and provides novel avenues for spatially controlling cellular phenotypes in mammalian multicellular systems, with many broad applications in developmental biology, synthetic morphogenesis, human tissue modeling, and regenerative medicine.
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20
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Ruskowitz ER, Munoz-Robles BG, Strange AC, Butcher CH, Kurniawan S, Filteau JR, DeForest CA. Spatiotemporal functional assembly of split protein pairs through a light-activated SpyLigation. Nat Chem 2023; 15:694-704. [PMID: 37069270 PMCID: PMC10164143 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteins provide essential functional regulation of many bioprocesses across all scales of life; however, new techniques to specifically modulate protein activity within living systems and in engineered biomaterials are needed to better interrogate fundamental cell signalling and guide advanced decisions of biological fate. Here we establish a generalizable strategy to rapidly and irreversibly activate protein function with full spatiotemporal control. Through the development of a genetically encoded and light-activated SpyLigation (LASL), bioactive proteins can be stably reassembled from non-functional split fragment pairs following brief exposure (typically minutes) to cytocompatible light. Employing readily accessible photolithographic processing techniques to specify when, where and how much photoligation occurs, we demonstrate precise protein activation of UnaG, NanoLuc and Cre recombinase using LASL in solution, biomaterials and living mammalian cells, as well as optical control over protein subcellular localization. Looking forward, we expect that these photoclick-based optogenetic approaches will find tremendous utility in probing and directing complex cellular fates in both time and three-dimensional space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Ruskowitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alder C Strange
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carson H Butcher
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sebastian Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy R Filteau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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21
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Artico M, Roux C, Peruch F, Mingotaud AF, Montanier CY. Grafting of proteins onto polymeric surfaces: A synthesis and characterization challenge. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 64:108106. [PMID: 36738895 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This review aims at answering the following question: how can a researcher be sure to succeed in grafting a protein onto a polymer surface? Even if protein immobilization on solid supports has been used industrially for a long time, hence enabling natural enzymes to serve as a powerful tool, emergence of new supports such as polymeric surfaces for the development of so-called intelligent materials requires new approaches. In this review, we introduce the challenges in grafting protein on synthetic polymers, mainly because compared to hard surfaces, polymers may be sensitive to various aqueous media, depending on the pH or reductive molecules, or may exhibit state transitions with temperature. Then, the specificity of grafting on synthetic polymers due to difference of chemical functions availability or difference of physical properties are summarized. We present next the various available routes to covalently bond the protein onto the polymeric substrates considering the functional groups coming from the monomers used during polymerization reaction or post-modification of the surfaces. We also focus our review on a major concern of grafting protein, which is avoiding the potential loss of function of the immobilized protein. Meanwhile, this review considers the different methods of characterization used to determine the grafting efficiency but also the behavior of enzymes once grafted. We finally dedicate the last part of this review to industrial application and future prospective, considering the sustainable processes based on green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Artico
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France; TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - C Roux
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - F Peruch
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, France
| | - A-F Mingotaud
- Laboratory IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - C Y Montanier
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
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22
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Bretherton RC, Haack AJ, Kopyeva I, Rahman F, Kern JD, Bugg D, Theberge AB, Davis J, DeForest CA. User-Controlled 4D Biomaterial Degradation with Substrate-Selective Sortase Transpeptidases for Single-Cell Biology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209904. [PMID: 36808641 PMCID: PMC10175157 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive biomaterials show great promise for modeling disease dynamics ex vivo with spatiotemporal control over the cellular microenvironment. However, harvesting cells from such materials for downstream analysis without perturbing their state remains an outstanding challenge in 3/4-dimensional (3D/4D) culture and tissue engineering. In this manuscript, a fully enzymatic strategy for hydrogel degradation that affords spatiotemporal control over cell release while maintaining cytocompatibility is introduced. Exploiting engineered variants of the sortase transpeptidase evolved to recognize and selectively cleave distinct peptide sequences largely absent from the mammalian proteome, many limitations implicit to state-of-the-art methods to liberate cells from gels are sidestepped. It is demonstrated that evolved sortase exposure has minimal impact on the global transcriptome of primary mammalian cells and that proteolytic cleavage proceeds with high specificity; incorporation of substrate sequences within hydrogel crosslinkers permits rapid and selective cell recovery with high viability. In composite multimaterial hydrogels, it is shown that sequential degradation of hydrogel layers enables highly specific retrieval of single-cell suspensions for phenotypic analysis. It is expected that the high bioorthogonality and substrate selectivity of the evolved sortases will lead to their broad adoption as an enzymatic material dissociation cue and that their multiplexed use will enable newfound studies in 4D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Bretherton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Amanda J Haack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Irina Kopyeva
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Fariha Rahman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jonah D Kern
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Darrian Bugg
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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23
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Pham HL, Yang DH, Chae WR, Jung JH, Hoang TX, Lee NY, Kim JY. PDMS Micropatterns Coated with PDA and RGD Induce a Regulatory Macrophage-like Phenotype. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:673. [PMID: 36985080 PMCID: PMC10052727 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory macrophages (Mreg) are a special cell type that present a potential therapeutic strategy for various inflammatory diseases. In vitro, Mreg generation mainly takes 7-10 days of treatment with chemicals, including cytokines. In the present study, we established a new approach for Mreg generation using a three-dimensional (3D) micropatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface coated with a natural biopolymer adhesive polydopamine (PDA) and the common cell adhesion peptide motif arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD). The 3D PDMS surfaces were fabricated by photolithography and soft lithography techniques and were subsequently coated with an RGD+PDA mixture to form a surface that facilitates cell adhesion. Human monocytes (THP-1 cells) were cultured on different types of 2D or 3D micropatterns for four days, and the cell morphology, elongation, and Mreg marker expression were assessed using microscopic and flow cytometric analyses. The cells grown on the PDA+RGD-coated 3D micropatterns (20-µm width/20-µm space) exhibited the most elongated morphology and strongest expression levels of Mreg markers, such as CD163, CD206, CD209, CD274, MER-TK, TREM2, and DHRS9. The present study demonstrated that PDA+RGD-coated 3D PDMS micropatterns successfully induced Mreg-like cells from THP-1 cells within four days without the use of cytokines, suggesting a time- and cost-effective method to generate Mreg-like cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Lan Pham
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Yang
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ri Chae
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Jung
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Xoan Hoang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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24
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Blatchley MR, Anseth KS. Middle-out methods for spatiotemporal tissue engineering of organoids. NATURE REVIEWS BIOENGINEERING 2023; 1:329-345. [PMID: 37168734 PMCID: PMC10010248 DOI: 10.1038/s44222-023-00039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Organoids recapitulate many aspects of the complex three-dimensional (3D) organization found within native tissues and even display tissue and organ-level functionality. Traditional approaches to organoid culture have largely employed a top-down tissue engineering strategy, whereby cells are encapsulated in a 3D matrix, such as Matrigel, alongside well-defined biochemical cues that direct morphogenesis. However, the lack of spatiotemporal control over niche properties renders cellular processes largely stochastic. Therefore, bottom-up tissue engineering approaches have evolved to address some of these limitations and focus on strategies to assemble tissue building blocks with defined multi-scale spatial organization. However, bottom-up design reduces the capacity for self-organization that underpins organoid morphogenesis. Here, we introduce an emerging framework, which we term middle-out strategies, that relies on existing design principles and combines top-down design of defined synthetic matrices that support proliferation and self-organization with bottom-up modular engineered intervention to limit the degrees of freedom in the dynamic process of organoid morphogenesis. We posit that this strategy will provide key advances to guide the growth of organoids with precise geometries, structures and function, thereby facilitating an unprecedented level of biomimicry to accelerate the utility of organoids to more translationally relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Blatchley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Kristi S. Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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25
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Cheng B, Li C, Zhang B, Liu J, Lu Z, Zhang P, Wei H, Yu Y. Customizable Low-Friction Tough Hydrogels for Potential Cartilage Tissue Engineering by a Rapid Orthogonal Photoreactive 3D-Printing Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36893430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have demonstrated wide applications in tissue engineering, but it is still challenging to develop strong, customizable, low-friction artificial scaffolds. Here, we report a rapid orthogonal photoreactive 3D-printing (ROP3P) strategy to achieve the design of high-performance hydrogels in tens of minutes. The orthogonal ruthenium chemistry enables the formation of multinetworks in hydrogels via phenol-coupling reaction and traditional radical polymerization. Further Ca2+-cross-linking treatment greatly improves their mechanical properties (6.4 MPa at a critical strain of 300%) and toughness (10.85 MJ m-3). The tribological investigation reveals that the high elastic moduli of the as-prepared hydrogels improve their lubrication (∼0.02) and wear-resistance performances. These hydrogels are biocompatible and nontoxic and promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and propagation. The introduction of 1-hydroxy-3-(acryloylamino)-1,1-propanediylbisphosphonic acid units can greatly enhance their antibacterial property to kill typical Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the rapid ROP3P can achieve hydrogel preparation in several seconds and is readily compatible with making artificial meniscus scaffolds. The printed meniscus-like materials are mechanically stable and can maintain their shape under long-term gliding tests. It is anticipated that these high-performance customizable low-friction tough hydrogels and the highly efficient ROP3P strategy could promote further development and practical applications of hydrogels in biomimetic tissue engineering, materials chemistry, bioelectronics, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Chengpeng Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Jupen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hongqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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26
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Kaygisiz K, Ender AM, Gačanin J, Kaczmarek LA, Koutsouras DA, Nalakath AN, Winterwerber P, Mayer FJ, Räder HJ, Marszalek T, Blom PWM, Synatschke CV, Weil T. Photoinduced Amyloid Fibril Degradation for Controlled Cell Patterning. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200294. [PMID: 36281903 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-like fibrils are a special class of self-assembling peptides that emerge as a promising nanomaterial with rich bioactivity for applications such as cell adhesion and growth. Unlike the extracellular matrix, the intrinsically stable amyloid-like fibrils do not respond nor adapt to stimuli of their natural environment. Here, a self-assembling motif (CKFKFQF), in which a photosensitive o-nitrobenzyl linker (PCL) is inserted, is designed. This peptide (CKFK-PCL-FQF) assembles into amyloid-like fibrils comparable to the unsubstituted CKFKFQF and reveals a strong response to UV-light. After UV irradiation, the secondary structure of the fibrils, fibril morphology, and bioactivity are lost. Thus, coating surfaces with the pre-formed fibrils and exposing them to UV-light through a photomask generate well-defined areas with patterns of intact and destroyed fibrillar morphology. The unexposed, fibril-coated surface areas retain their ability to support cell adhesion in culture, in contrast to the light-exposed regions, where the cell-supportive fibril morphology is destroyed. Consequently, the photoresponsive peptide nanofibrils provide a facile and efficient way of cell patterning, exemplarily demonstrated for A549, Chinese Hamster Ovary, and Raw Dual type cells. This study introduces photoresponsive amyloid-like fibrils as adaptive functional materials to precisely arrange cells on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Kaygisiz
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adriana M Ender
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmina Gačanin
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Alix Kaczmarek
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Koutsouras
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Abin N Nalakath
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pia Winterwerber
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz J Mayer
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, Lodz, 90-924, Poland
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Department of Molecular Electronics, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christopher V Synatschke
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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27
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Marini M, Zeynali A, Collini M, Bouzin M, Sironi L, D'Alfonso L, Mantegazza F, Cassina V, Chirico G. Proteinaceous microstructure in a capillary: a study of non-linear bending dynamics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4917-4932. [PMID: 36382419 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The flap of bendable structures under continuous flow impacts a variety of fields, ranging from energy harvesting to active mixing in microfluidic devices. Similar physical principles determine the flapping dynamics in a variety of systems with different sizes, but a thorough investigation of the bending dynamics at the microscale is still lacking. We employ here two-photon laser polymerization to fabricate elongated proteinaceous flexible microstructures directly within a micro-capillary and we characterize their bending dynamics. The elastic properties of the microstructures with different (circular and square) cross-sections are tested by Atomic Force Microscopy and by studying the deflection-flow dependence in microfluidic experiments at intermediate Reynolds numbers (Rey ≲ 150). The retrieved Young's modulus of the fabricated matrix (100 kPa ≤ E ≤ 4 MPa) falls in the range of most typical biological tissues and solely depends on the laser fabrication intensity. The elastic constant of the microstructures falls in the range of 0.8 nN μm-1 ≤ k ≤ 50 nN μm-1, and fully agrees with the macroscopic Euler Bernoulli theory. For soft microstructures (0.8 nN μm-1 ≤ k ≤ 8 nN μm-1) we reveal undamped bending oscillations under continuous microfluidic flow, corresponding to ∼10% of the total structure deflection. This behavior is ascribed to the coupling of the viscoelasticity and non-linear elasticity of the polymer matrix with non-linear dynamics arising from the time-dependent friction coefficient of the bendable microstructures. We envision that similar instabilities may lead to the development of promising energy conversion nanoplatforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Marini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Amirbahador Zeynali
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.
- Bionanomedicine Center, BIONANOMIB, Via Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Margaux Bouzin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.
| | - Laura Sironi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.
- Bionanomedicine Center, BIONANOMIB, Via Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Laura D'Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.
- Bionanomedicine Center, BIONANOMIB, Via Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- Bionanomedicine Center, BIONANOMIB, Via Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Valeria Cassina
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
- Bionanomedicine Center, BIONANOMIB, Via Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126, Milano, Italy.
- Bionanomedicine Center, BIONANOMIB, Via Follereau 3, 20854, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
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28
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Burroughs MC, Schloemer TH, Congreve DN, Mai DJ. Gelation Dynamics during Photo-Cross-Linking of Polymer Nanocomposite Hydrogels. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:217-227. [PMID: 37065714 PMCID: PMC10103194 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Embedding nanomaterials into polymer hydrogels enables the design of functional materials with tailored chemical, mechanical, and optical properties. Nanocapsules that protect interior cargo and disperse readily through a polymeric matrix have drawn particular interest for their ability to integrate chemically incompatible systems and to further expand the parameter space for polymer nanocomposite hydrogels. The properties of polymer nanocomposite hydrogels depend on the material composition and processing route, which were explored systematically in this work. The gelation kinetics of network-forming polymer solutions with and without silica-coated nanocapsules bearing polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface ligands were investigated using in situ dynamic rheology measurements. Network-forming polymers comprised either 4-arm or 8-arm star PEG with terminal anthracene groups, which dimerize upon irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. The PEG-anthracene solutions exhibited rapid gel formation upon UV exposure (365 nm); gel formation was observed as a crossover from liquid-like to solid-like behavior during in situ small-amplitude oscillatory shear rheology. This crossover time was non-monotonic with polymer concentration. Far below the overlap concentration (c/c* ≪ 1), spatially separated PEG-anthracene molecules were subject to forming intramolecular loops over intermolecular cross-links, thereby slowing the gelation process. Near the polymer overlap concentration (c/c* ∼ 1), rapid gelation was attributed to the ideal proximity of anthracene end groups from neighboring polymer molecules. Above the overlap concentration (c/c* > 1), increased solution viscosities hindered molecular diffusion, thereby reducing the frequency of dimerization reactions. Adding nanocapsules to PEG-anthracene solutions resulted in faster gelation than nanocapsule-free PEG-anthracene solutions with equivalent effective polymer concentrations. The final elastic modulus of nanocomposite hydrogels increased with nanocapsule volume fraction, signifying synergistic mechanical reinforcement by nanocapsules despite not being cross-linked into the polymer network. Overall, these findings quantify the impact of nanocapsule addition on the gelation kinetics and mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposite hydrogels, which are promising materials for applications in optoelectronics, biotechnology, and additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Burroughs
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Tracy H. Schloemer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Daniel N. Congreve
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Danielle J. Mai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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29
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Emerging biomaterials and technologies to control stem cell fate and patterning in engineered 3D tissues and organoids. Biointerphases 2022; 17:060801. [DOI: 10.1116/6.0002034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to create complex three-dimensional cellular models that can effectively replicate the structure and function of human organs and tissues in vitro has the potential to revolutionize medicine. Such models could facilitate the interrogation of developmental and disease processes underpinning fundamental discovery science, vastly accelerate drug development and screening, or even be used to create tissues for implantation into the body. Realization of this potential, however, requires the recreation of complex biochemical, biophysical, and cellular patterns of 3D tissues and remains a key challenge in the field. Recent advances are being driven by improved knowledge of tissue morphogenesis and architecture and technological developments in bioengineering and materials science that can create the multidimensional and dynamic systems required to produce complex tissue microenvironments. In this article, we discuss challenges for in vitro models of tissues and organs and summarize the current state-of-the art in biomaterials and bioengineered systems that aim to address these challenges. This includes both top-down technologies, such as 3D photopatterning, magnetism, acoustic forces, and cell origami, as well as bottom-up patterning using 3D bioprinting, microfluidics, cell sheet technology, or composite scaffolds. We illustrate the varying ways that these can be applied to suit the needs of different tissues and applications by focussing on specific examples of patterning the bone-tendon interface, kidney organoids, and brain cancer models. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects in applying materials science and bioengineering to develop high-quality 3D tissue structures for in vitro studies.
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30
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Jia F, Gao Y, Wang H. Recent Advances in Drug Delivery System Fabricated by Microfluidics for Disease Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:625. [PMID: 36354536 PMCID: PMC9687342 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional drug therapy faces challenges such as drug distribution throughout the body, rapid degradation and excretion, and extensive adverse reactions. In contrast, micro/nanoparticles can controllably deliver drugs to target sites to improve drug efficacy. Unlike traditional large-scale synthetic systems, microfluidics allows manipulation of fluids at the microscale and shows great potential in drug delivery and precision medicine. Well-designed microfluidic devices have been used to fabricate multifunctional drug carriers using stimuli-responsive materials. In this review, we first introduce the selection of materials and processing techniques for microfluidic devices. Then, various well-designed microfluidic chips are shown for the fabrication of multifunctional micro/nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Finally, we describe the interaction of drugs with lymphatic vessels that are neglected in organs-on-chips. Overall, the accelerated development of microfluidics holds great potential for the clinical translation of micro/nanoparticle drug delivery systems for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhao Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanbing Gao
- Troop 96901 of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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31
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Nakanishi J, Yamamoto S. Static and photoresponsive dynamic materials to dissect physical regulation of cellular functions. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6116-6134. [PMID: 36111810 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00789d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in mechanobiology has highlighted the importance of physical cues, such as mechanics, geometry (size), topography, and porosity, in the determination of cellular activities and fates, in addition to biochemical factors derived from their surroundings. In this review, we will first provide an overview of how such fundamental insights are identified by synchronizing the hierarchical nature of biological systems and static materials with tunable physical cues. Thereafter, we will explain the photoresponsive dynamic biomaterials to dissect the spatiotemporal aspects of the dependence of biological functions on physical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakanishi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. .,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Japan
| | - Shota Yamamoto
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. .,Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Lou J, Mooney DJ. Chemical strategies to engineer hydrogels for cell culture. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:726-744. [PMID: 37117490 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture systems are widely used for biological studies, and are the basis of the organoid, tissue engineering and organ-on-chip research fields in applications such as disease modelling and drug screening. The natural extracellular matrix of tissues, a complex scaffold with varying chemical and mechanical properties, has a critical role in regulating important cellular functions such as spreading, migration, proliferation and differentiation, as well as tissue morphogenesis. Hydrogels are biomaterials that are used in cell culture systems to imitate critical features of a natural extracellular matrix. Chemical strategies to synthesize and tailor the properties of these hydrogels in a controlled manner, and manipulate their biological functions in situ, have been developed. In this Review, we provide the rational design criteria for predictably engineering hydrogels to mimic the properties of the natural extracellular matrix. We highlight the advances in using biocompatible strategies to engineer hydrogels for cell culture along with recent developments to dynamically control the cellular environment by exploiting stimuli-responsive chemistries. Finally, future opportunities to engineer hydrogels are discussed, in which the development of novel chemical methods will probably have an important role.
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33
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Duan T, Bian Q, Li H. Protein Hydrogels with Reversibly Patterned Multidimensional Fluorescent Images for Information Storage. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3009-3016. [PMID: 35749455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent polymeric hydrogels are promising soft and wet media for information storage that are desirable for lifelike biomaterials and flexible electronics. Hydrogels based on engineered proteins have attracted considerable interest. However, their potential utility as information storage media has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report a protein-based hydrogel that can serve as an information storage medium. Using LOVTRAP, which consists of protein LOV2 and its binding partner ZDark1, we developed a novel strategy to decorate/release fluorescent proteins onto/from a blank protein hydrogel slate in light-controlled and spatially defined fashions, reversibly generating fluorescent patterns such as quick response codes. To increase the information storage capacity, we further developed grayscale patterning to generate pseudo-colored multi-dimensional fluorescent images. Results of this new method demonstrate a novel reversible information storage approach in soft and wet materials and open a new avenue toward developing next-generation protein-based smart materials for information storage and anti-counterfeit applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Qingyuan Bian
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Abstract
We introduce a photochemical bond forming system, where two colours of light are required to trigger covalent bond formation. Specifically, we exploit a visible light cis/trans isomerization of chlorinated azobenzene, which can only undergo reaction with a photochemically generated ketene in its cis state. Detailed photophysical mapping of the reaction efficiencies at a wide range of monochromatic wavelengths revealed the optimum irradiation conditions. Subsequent small molecule and polymer ligation experiments illustrated that only the application of both colours of light affords the reaction product. We further extend the functionality to a photo reversible ketene moiety and translate the concept into material science. The presented reaction system holds promise to be employed as a two-colour resist. Dual-wavelength photochemical systems open up new avenues for novel lithographic techniques but currently only few wavelength-orthogonal photoreactive compounds undergoing reversible photoreaction are known. Here, the authors exploit cis/trans photoisomerization of azobenzenes and demonstrate photoligation of the cis state with a photochemically generated ketene.
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Wei H, Zhang B, Lei M, Lu Z, Liu J, Guo B, Yu Y. Visible-Light-Mediated Nano-biomineralization of Customizable Tough Hydrogels for Biomimetic Tissue Engineering. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4734-4745. [PMID: 35225602 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralized tough hydrogels (BTHs) have advanced applications in the fields of soft bioelectronics and biomimetic tissue engineering. But the development of rapid and general photomineralization strategies for one-step fabrication of customizable BTHs is still a challenging task. Here we report a straightforward, low-cost visible-light-mediated nano-biomineralization (VLMNB) strategy via a rational design of a phosphate source and efficient ruthenium photochemistry. Multinetwork tough hydrogels are simultaneously constructed under the same condition. Therefore, BTHs are rapidly prepared in a short time as low as ∼60 s under visible light irradiation. The in situ formation of calcium phosphate particles can improve BTHs' mechanical and biological properties and reduce the friction coefficient with bones. Furthermore, fast biomineralization and solidification processes in these BTHs benefit their injectable and highly flexible customizable design, showing applications of promoting customizable skin repair and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710127
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610064
| | - Ming Lei
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China, 710072
| | - Zhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710127
| | - Jupen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710127
| | - Baolin Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China, 710049
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China, 710127
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, 730000
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Wan J, Zhou S, Mea HJ, Guo Y, Ku H, Urbina BM. Emerging Roles of Microfluidics in Brain Research: From Cerebral Fluids Manipulation to Brain-on-a-Chip and Neuroelectronic Devices Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7142-7181. [PMID: 35080375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable progress made in the past few decades in brain research enables the manipulation of neuronal activity in single neurons and neural circuits and thus allows the decipherment of relations between nervous systems and behavior. The discovery of glymphatic and lymphatic systems in the brain and the recently unveiled tight relations between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) further revolutionize our understanding of brain structures and functions. Fundamental questions about how neurons conduct two-way communications with the gut to establish the gut-brain axis (GBA) and interact with essential brain components such as glial cells and blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in health and disease, however, remain. Microfluidics with unparalleled advantages in the control of fluids at microscale has emerged recently as an effective approach to address these critical questions in brain research. The dynamics of cerebral fluids (i.e., blood and CSF) and novel in vitro brain-on-a-chip models and microfluidic-integrated multifunctional neuroelectronic devices, for example, have been investigated. This review starts with a critical discussion of the current understanding of several key topics in brain research such as neurovascular coupling (NVC), glymphatic pathway, and GBA and then interrogates a wide range of microfluidic-based approaches that have been developed or can be improved to advance our fundamental understanding of brain functions. Last, emerging technologies for structuring microfluidic devices and their implications and future directions in brain research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hing Jii Mea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yaojun Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hansol Ku
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Brianna M Urbina
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Yuan Y, Chen L, Shi Z, Chen J. Micro/Nanoarchitectonics of 3D Printed Scaffolds with Excellent Biocompatibility Prepared Using Femtosecond Laser Two-Photon Polymerization for Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:391. [PMID: 35159735 PMCID: PMC8839747 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of high-precision scaffolds with excellent biocompatibility for tissue engineering has become a research hotspot. Two-photon polymerization (TPP) can break the optical diffraction limit and is used to fabricate high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. In this study, the biological properties, and machinability of photosensitive gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel solutions are investigated, and the biocompatibility of 3D scaffolds using a photosensitive GelMA hydrogel solution fabricated by TPP is also evaluated. The biological properties of photosensitive GelMA hydrogel solutions are evaluated by analyzing their cytotoxicity, swelling ratio, and degradation ratio. The experimental results indicate that: (1) photosensitive GelMA hydrogel solutions with remarkable biological properties and processability are suitable for cell attachment. (2) a micro/nano 3D printed scaffold with good biocompatibility is fabricated using a laser scanning speed of 150 μm/s, laser power of 7.8 mW, layer distance of 150 nm and a photosensitive GelMA hydrogel solution with a concentration of 12% (w/v). Micro/nano additive manufacturing will have broad application prospects in the tissue engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Yuan
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (L.C.); (Z.S.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing for Digital Medical Health, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (L.C.); (Z.S.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing for Digital Medical Health, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ziyuan Shi
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (L.C.); (Z.S.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing for Digital Medical Health, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jimin Chen
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Institute of Laser Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (L.C.); (Z.S.); (J.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Trans-Scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing for Digital Medical Health, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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38
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Hu CH, Veneziano R. Controlled Release in Hydrogels Using DNA Nanotechnology. Biomedicines 2022; 10:213. [PMID: 35203423 PMCID: PMC8869372 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gelatin is a biopolymer widely used to synthesize hydrogels for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and bioinks for 3D bioprinting. However, as with other biopolymer-based hydrogels, gelatin-hydrogels do not allow precise temporal control of the biomolecule distribution to mimic biological signals involved in biological mechanisms. Leveraging DNA nanotechnology tools to develop a responsive controlled release system via strand displacement has demonstrated the ability to encode logic process, which would enable a more sophisticated design for controlled release. However, this unique and dynamic system has not yet been incorporated within any hydrogels to create a complete release circuit mechanism that closely resembles the sequential distribution of biomolecules observed in the native environment. Here, we designed and synthesized versatile multi-arm DNA motifs that can be easily conjugated within a gelatin hydrogel via click chemistry to incorporate a strand displacement circuit. After validating the incorporation and showing the increased stability of DNA motifs against degradation once embedded in the hydrogel, we demonstrated the ability of our system to release multiple model cargos with temporal specificity by the addition of the trigger strands specific to each cargo. Additionally, we were able to modulate the rate and quantity of cargo release by tuning the sequence of the trigger strands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Remi Veneziano
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Computing, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA;
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Singh A, Shi A, Claridge SA. Nanometer-scale patterning of hard and soft interfaces: from photolithography to molecular-scale design. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13059-13070. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Many areas of modern materials chemistry, from nanoscale electronics to regenerative medicine, require design of precisely-controlled chemical environments at near-molecular scales on both hard and soft surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Purdue University, Chemistry, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Anni Shi
- Purdue University, Chemistry, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Shelley A. Claridge
- Purdue University, Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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40
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Chapla R, Hammer JA, West JL. Adding Dynamic Biomolecule Signaling to Hydrogel Systems via Tethered Photolabile Cell-Adhesive Proteins. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:208-217. [PMID: 34870965 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sequential biochemical signaling events direct key native tissue processes including disease progression, wound healing and angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. While in vitro modeling of these processes is critical to understanding endogenous tissue behavior and improving therapeutic outcomes, current models inadequately recapitulate the dynamism of these signaling events. Even the most advanced current synthetic tissue culture constructs are restricted in their capability to sequentially add and remove the same molecule to model transient signaling. Here, we developed a genetically encoded method for reversible biochemical signaling within poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogels for greater accuracy of modeling tissue regeneration within a reductionist environment. We designed and implemented a recombinant protein with a SpyCatcher domain connected to a cell-adhesive RGDS peptide domain by a light-cleavable domain known as PhoCl. This protein was shown to bind to SpyTag-functionalized PEG-matrices via SpyTag-SpyCatcher isopeptide bonding to present RGDS adhesive ligands to cells. Upon 405 nm light exposure, the PhoCl domain was cleaved to subsequently release the RGDS peptide, which diffused out of the matrix. This system was implemented to confer reversible adhesion of 3T3 fibroblasts to the PEG-based hydrogel surface in 2D culture (73.36 ± 21.47% cell removal upon cell-compatible light exposure) and temporal control over cell spreading over time in 3D culture within cell-degradable PEG-based hydrogels, demonstrating the capability of this system to present dynamic signaling events to cells toward modeling native tissue processes within in a controlled, ECM-mimetic matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Chapla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, United States
| | - Joshua A Hammer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, United States
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive Campus Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0281, United States
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41
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Wu J, Liyarita BR, Zhu H, Liu M, Hu X, Shao F. Self-Assembly of Dendritic DNA into a Hydrogel: Application in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49705-49712. [PMID: 34658242 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique programmability, hydrogels with a DNA framework show great potential in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. Here, a DNA hydrogel was assembled by a dendritic DNA with four branches. The hydrogel showed tunable mechanical strength and reversible thixotropy even under a nanomolar DNA concentration. The cell culture medium can be converted into the hydrogel isothermally at physiological temperature. This DNA hydrogel allows both cancer and somatic cells to be seeded in situ and to achieve high proliferation and viability. The bis-entity of dendritic branches enabled the specific loading of bioactive clues to regulate cell behaviors. Thus, the dendritic DNA-assembled hydrogel could serve as a highly biocompatible, readily functionalizing, and easy-casting gel platform for 3D cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Bella Rosa Liyarita
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Haishuang Zhu
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Temasek Laboratories@NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Environment Chemistry and Materials Centre, NEWRI, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Fangwei Shao
- ZJU-UIUC Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
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42
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Tan KY, Desai S, Raja E, Etienne C, Webb B, Herr AE. Comparison of photoactivatable crosslinkers for in-gel immunoassays. Analyst 2021; 146:6621-6630. [PMID: 34591044 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01309b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While fluorescence readout is a key detection modality for hydrogel-based immunoassays, background fluorescence due to autofluorescence or non-specific antibody interactions impairs the lower limit of detection of fluorescence immunoassays. Chemical modifications to the hydrogel structure impact autofluorescence and non-specific interactions. Benzophenone is a common photoactivatable molecule, and benzophenone methacrylamide (BPMA) has been used for cross-linking protein in polyacrylamide (PA) hydrogels. However, previous studies have suggested that the aromatic structure of benzophenone can contribute to increased autofluorescence and non-specific hydrophobic interactions with unbound fluorescent probes. Here, we synthesize diazirine methacrylamide (DZMA) as an alternative photoactivatable molecule to crosslink into PA hydrogels for in-gel protein capture for in-gel immunoassays. We hypothesize that the less hydrophobic structure of diazirine (based on previously reported predicted and experimental log P values) exhibits both reduced autofluorescence and non-specific hydrophobic interactions. We find that while equal concentrations of DZMA and BPMA result in lower protein target photocapture in the diazirine configuration, increasing the DZMA concentration up to 12 mM improves in-gel protein capture to be on par with previously reported and characterized 3 mM BPMA hydrogels. Furthermore, despite the higher concentration of diazirine, we observe negligible autofluorescence signal and a 50% reduction in immunoassay fluorescence background signal in diazirine gels compared to BPMA gels resulting in comparable signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of the probed protein target. Finally, we test the utility of DZMA for single-cell immunoblotting in an open microfluidic device and find that protein migrates ∼1.3× faster in DZMA hydrogels than in BPMA hydrogels. However, in DZMA hydrogels we detect only 15% of the protein signal compared to BPMA hydrogels suggesting that the diazirine chemistry results in greater protein losses following electrophoretic separations. We establish that while diazirine has lower background fluorescence signal, which may potentially improve immunoassay performance, the lower capture efficiency of diazirine reduces its utility in open microfluidic systems susceptible to sample losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y Tan
- The UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Surbhi Desai
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Erum Raja
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Chris Etienne
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Webb
- Department of Research and Development, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, Illinois, USA
| | - Amy E Herr
- The UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA
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Bouzin M, Zeynali A, Marini M, Sironi L, Scodellaro R, D’Alfonso L, Collini M, Chirico G. Multiphoton Laser Fabrication of Hybrid Photo-Activable Biomaterials. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175891. [PMID: 34502787 PMCID: PMC8433654 DOI: 10.3390/s21175891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to shape stimulus-responsive optical polymers, especially hydrogels, by means of laser 3D printing and ablation is fostering a new concept of “smart” micro-devices that can be used for imaging, thermal stimulation, energy transducing and sensing. The composition of these polymeric blends is an essential parameter to tune their properties as actuators and/or sensing platforms and to determine the elasto-mechanical characteristics of the printed hydrogel. In light of the increasing demand for micro-devices for nanomedicine and personalized medicine, interest is growing in the combination of composite and hybrid photo-responsive materials and digital micro-/nano-manufacturing. Existing works have exploited multiphoton laser photo-polymerization to obtain fine 3D microstructures in hydrogels in an additive manufacturing approach or exploited laser ablation of preformed hydrogels to carve 3D cavities. Less often, the two approaches have been combined and active nanomaterials have been embedded in the microstructures. The aim of this review is to give a short overview of the most recent and prominent results in the field of multiphoton laser direct writing of biocompatible hydrogels that embed active nanomaterials not interfering with the writing process and endowing the biocompatible microstructures with physically or chemically activable features such as photothermal activity, chemical swelling and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Bouzin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Amirbahador Zeynali
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Mario Marini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura Sironi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Riccardo Scodellaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura D’Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
- Institute for Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
- Institute for Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.)
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Pruett L, Jenkins C, Singh N, Catallo K, Griffin D. Heparin Microislands in Microporous Annealed Particle Scaffolds for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2104337. [PMID: 34539306 PMCID: PMC8447473 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202104337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mimicking growth factor-ECM interactions for promoting cell migration is a powerful technique to improve tissue integration with biomaterial scaffolds for the regeneration of damaged tissues. This has been attempted by scaffold-mediated controlled delivery of exogenous growth factors; however, the predetermined nature of this delivery can limit the scaffold's ability to meet each wound's unique spatiotemporal regenerative needs and presents translational hurdles. To address this limitation, we present a new approach to growth factor presentation by incorporating heparin microislands, which are spatially isolated heparin-containing microparticles that can reorganize and protect endogenous local growth factors via heterogeneous sequestration at the microscale in vitro and result in functional improvements in wound healing. More specifically, we incorporated our heparin microislands within microporous annealed particle (MAP) scaffolds, which allows facile tuning of microenvironment heterogeneity through ratiometric mixing of microparticle sub-populations. In this manuscript, we demonstrate the ability of heparin microislands to heterogeneously sequester applied growth factor and control downstream cell migration in vitro. Further, we present their ability to significantly improve wound healing outcomes (epidermal regeneration and re-vascularization) in a diabetic wound model relative to two clinically relevant controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Pruett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Christian Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Neharika Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Katarina Catallo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Donald Griffin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, 415 Lane Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22908
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45
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Bailey SJ, Stricker F, Hopkins E, Wilson MZ, Read de Alaniz J. Shining Light on Cyclopentadienone-Norbornadiene Diels-Alder Adducts to Enable Photoinduced Click Chemistry with Cyclopentadiene. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35422-35430. [PMID: 34310127 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new Diels-Alder (DA)-based photopatterning platform is presented, which exploits the irreversible, light-induced decarbonylation and subsequent cleavage of cyclopentadienone-norbornadiene (CPD-NBD) adducts. A series of CPD-NBD adducts have been prepared and systematically studied toward the use in a polymeric material photopatterning platform. By incorporating an optimized CPD-NBD adduct into polymer networks, it is demonstrated that cyclopentadiene may be unveiled upon 365 nm irradiation and subsequently clicked to a variety of maleimides with spatial control under mild reaction conditions and with fast kinetics. Unlike currently available photoinduced Diels-Alder reactions that rely on trapping transient, photocaged dienes, this platform introduces a persistent, yet highly reactive diene after irradiation, enabling the use of photosensitive species such as cyanine dyes to be patterned. To highlight the potential use of this platform in a variety of material applications, we demonstrate two proof-of-concepts: patterned conjugation of multiple dyes into a polyacrylate network and preprogrammed ligation of streptavidin into poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels.
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Abstract
Micropatterning encompasses a set of methods aimed at precisely controlling the spatial distribution of molecules onto the surface of materials. Biologists have borrowed the idea and adapted these methods, originally developed for electronics, to impose physical constraints on biological systems with the aim of addressing fundamental questions across biological scales from molecules to multicellular systems. Here, I approach this topic from a developmental biologist's perspective focusing specifically on how and why micropatterning has gained in popularity within the developmental biology community in recent years. Overall, this Primer provides a concise overview of how micropatterns are used to study developmental processes and emphasises how micropatterns are a useful addition to the developmental biologist's toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Blin
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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Kuzucu M, Vera G, Beaumont M, Fischer S, Wei P, Shastri VP, Forget A. Extrusion-Based 3D Bioprinting of Gradients of Stiffness, Cell Density, and Immobilized Peptide Using Thermogelling Hydrogels. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2192-2197. [PMID: 33970597 PMCID: PMC8207502 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To study biological processes in vitro, biomaterials-based engineering solutions to reproduce the gradients observed in tissues are necessary. We present a platform for the 3D bioprinting of functionally graded biomaterials based on carboxylated agarose, a bioink amendable by extrusion bioprinting. Using this bioink, objects with a gradient of stiffness and gradient of cell concentration were printed. Functionalization of carboxylated agarose with maleimide moieties that react in minutes with a cysteine-terminated cell-adhesion peptide allowed us to print objects with a gradient of an immobilized peptide. This approach paves the way toward the development of tissue mimics with gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kuzucu
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Grace Vera
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Beaumont
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University
of Technology, 2 George
St, Brisbane City, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Institute
of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Sascha Fischer
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pan Wei
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS,
Centre for Cell Signalling Studies, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aurelien Forget
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Gupta A, Lutolf MP, Hughes AJ, Sonnen KF. Bioengineering in vitro models of embryonic development. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1104-1116. [PMID: 33979597 PMCID: PMC8185467 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based in vitro models of embryonic development have been established over the last decade. Such model systems recapitulate aspects of gametogenesis, early embryonic development, or organogenesis. They enable experimental approaches that have not been possible previously and have the potential to greatly reduce the number of animals required for research. However, each model system has its own limitations, with certain aspects, such as morphogenesis and spatiotemporal control of cell fate decisions, diverging from the in vivo counterpart. Targeted bioengineering approaches to provide defined instructive external signals or to modulate internal cellular signals could overcome some of these limitations. Here, we present the latest technical developments and discuss how bioengineering can further advance the optimization and external control of stem cell-based embryo-like structures (ELSs). In vitro models combined with sophisticated bioengineering tools will enable an even more in-depth analysis of embryonic development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Vaud, Switzerland; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015 Vaud, Switzerland.
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Katharina F Sonnen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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