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Wu J, Ma L, Gong Q, Chen Y, Chen L, Shi C. NEAR-INFRARED DYE IR-780 ALLEVIATES HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM DAMAGE BY PROMOTING HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS INTO QUIESCENCE. Shock 2024; 61:442-453. [PMID: 38411611 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Potential radiation exposure is a general concern, but there still lacks radioprotective countermeasures. Here, we found a small molecular near-infrared dye IR-780, which promoted hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into quiescence to resist stress. When mice were treated with IR-780 before stress, increased HSC quiescence and better hematopoietic recovery were observed in mice in stress conditions. However, when given after radiation, IR-780 did not show obvious benefit. Transplantation assay and colony-forming assay were carried out to determine self-renewal ability and repopulation capacity of HSCs. Furthermore, IR-780 pretreatment reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in HSCs after radiation. In homeostasis, the percentage of Lineage - , Sca-1 + , and c-Kit + cells and long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) were improved, and more HSCs were in G0 state after administration of IR-780. Further investigations showed that IR-780 selectively accumulated in mitochondria membrane potential high LT-HSCs (MMP-high LT-HSCs). Finally, IR-780 promoted human CD34 + HSC reconstruction ability in NOD-Prkdc scid Il2rg null mice after transplantation and improved repopulation capacity in vitro culture. Our research showed that IR-780 selectively entered MMP-high LT-HSCs and promoted them into dormancy, thus reducing hematopoietic injury and improving regeneration capacity. This novel approach might hold promise as a potential countermeasure for radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Le Ma
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Gong
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Rocket Force Medicine, State Key of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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2
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Xu H, Tan S, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Cao W, Li X, Tian J, Wang X, Li X, Wang F, Cao J, Zhao T. Lin - PU.1 dim GATA-1 - defines haematopoietic stem cells with long-term multilineage reconstitution activity. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13490. [PMID: 37147872 PMCID: PMC10623959 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive characterization of the state and function of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), the use of transcription factors to define the HSC population is still limited. We show here that the HSC population in mouse bone marrow can be defined by the distinct expression levels of Spi1 and Gata1. By using a double fluorescence knock-in mouse model, PGdKI, in which the expression levels of PU.1 and GATA-1 are indicated by the expression of GFP and mCherry, respectively, we uncover that the HSCs with lymphoid and myeloid repopulating activity are specifically enriched in a Lin- PU.1dim GATA-1- (LPG) cell subset. In vivo competitive repopulation assays demonstrate that bone marrow cells gated by LPG exhibit haematopoietic reconstitution activity which is comparable to that of classical Lin- Sca1+ c-kit+ (LSK). The integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequence data from LPG and LSK-gated cells reveals that a transcriptional network governed by core TFs contributes to regulation of HSC multipotency. These discoveries provide new clues for HSC characterization and functional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shaojing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Weiyun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiayi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS)BeijingChina
| | - Jiani Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tongbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Ishida T, Heck AM, Varnum-Finney B, Dozono S, Nourigat-McKay C, Kraskouskas K, Wellington R, Waltner O, Root, Jackson DL, Delaney C, Rafii S, Bernstein ID, Trapnell, Hadland B. Differentiation latency and dormancy signatures define fetal liver HSCs at single cell resolution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543314. [PMID: 37333272 PMCID: PMC10274697 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Decoding the gene regulatory mechanisms mediating self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during their amplification in the fetal liver (FL) is relevant for advancing therapeutic applications aiming to expand transplantable HSCs, a long-standing challenge. Here, to explore intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of self-renewal in FL-HSCs at the single cell level, we engineered a culture platform designed to recapitulate the FL endothelial niche, which supports the amplification of serially engraftable HSCs ex vivo. Leveraging this platform in combination with single cell index flow cytometry, serial transplantation assays, and single cell RNA-sequencing, we elucidated previously unrecognized heterogeneity in immunophenotypically defined FL-HSCs and demonstrated that differentiation latency and transcriptional signatures of biosynthetic dormancy are distinguishing properties of self-renewing FL-HSCs with capacity for serial, long-term multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution. Altogether, our findings provide key insights into HSC expansion and generate a novel resource for future exploration of the intrinsic and niche-derived signaling pathways that support FL-HSC self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishida
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam M. Heck
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara Varnum-Finney
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stacey Dozono
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia Nourigat-McKay
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katie Kraskouskas
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel Wellington
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Olivia Waltner
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Root
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana L Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Colleen Delaney
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Deverra Therapeutics, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irwin D. Bernstein
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Trapnell
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brandon Hadland
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Fortin J, Chiang MF, Meydan C, Foox J, Ramachandran P, Leca J, Lemonnier F, Li WY, Gams MS, Sakamoto T, Chu M, Tobin C, Laugesen E, Robinson TM, You-Ten A, Butler DJ, Berger T, Minden MD, Levine RL, Guidos CJ, Melnick AM, Mason CE, Mak TW. Distinct and opposite effects of leukemogenic Idh and Tet2 mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208176120. [PMID: 36652477 PMCID: PMC9942850 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208176120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in IDH1, IDH2, and TET2 are recurrently observed in myeloid neoplasms. IDH1 and IDH2 encode isocitrate dehydrogenase isoforms, which normally catalyze the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Oncogenic IDH1/2 mutations confer neomorphic activity, leading to the production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), a potent inhibitor of α-KG-dependent enzymes which include the TET methylcytosine dioxygenases. Given their mutual exclusivity in myeloid neoplasms, IDH1, IDH2, and TET2 mutations may converge on a common oncogenic mechanism. Contrary to this expectation, we observed that they have distinct, and even opposite, effects on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in genetically engineered mice. Epigenetic and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that Idh2R172K and Tet2 loss-of-function have divergent consequences on the expression and activity of key hematopoietic and leukemogenic regulators. Notably, chromatin accessibility and transcriptional deregulation in Idh2R172K cells were partially disconnected from DNA methylation alterations. These results highlight unanticipated divergent effects of IDH1/2 and TET2 mutations, providing support for the optimization of genotype-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Fortin
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
- 2To whom correspondence may be addressed. , , or
| | - Ming-Feng Chiang
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Cem Meydan
- bDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
- cThe HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
- dWorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | - Jonathan Foox
- bDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
- cThe HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | | | - Julie Leca
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
| | - François Lemonnier
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
- eInstitut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERMU955, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil94010, France
| | - Wanda Y. Li
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
- fCentre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Miki S. Gams
- gDepartment of Immunology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Takashi Sakamoto
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
- hDepartment of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8501, Japan
| | - Mandy Chu
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Chantal Tobin
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Eric Laugesen
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Troy M. Robinson
- iHuman Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
- jLouis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Annick You-Ten
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Daniel J. Butler
- bDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | - Thorsten Berger
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Mark D. Minden
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Ross L. Levine
- iHuman Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
- kCenter for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
- lCenter for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | - Cynthia J. Guidos
- gDepartment of Immunology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ari M. Melnick
- mDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10021
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- bDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
- cThe HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
- dWorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY10065
| | - Tak W. Mak
- aPrincess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
- fCentre for Oncology and Immunology, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- nDepartment of Pathology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- 2To whom correspondence may be addressed. , , or
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Dong G, Xu X, Li Y, Ouyang W, Zhao W, Gu Y, Li J, Liu T, Zeng X, Zou H, Wang S, Chen Y, Liu S, Sun H, Liu C. Stemness-related genes revealed by single-cell profiling of naïve and stimulated human CD34 + cells from CB and mPB. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1175. [PMID: 36683248 PMCID: PMC9868212 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from different sources show varied repopulating capacity, and HSCs lose their stemness after long-time ex vivo culture. A deep understanding of these phenomena may provide helpful insights for HSCs. METHODS Here, we applied single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to analyse the naïve and stimulated human CD34+ cells from cord blood (CB) and mobilised peripheral blood (mPB). RESULTS We collected over 16 000 high-quality single-cell data to construct a comprehensive inference map and characterised the HSCs under a quiescent state on the hierarchy top. Then, we compared HSCs in CB with those in mPB and HSCs of naïve samples to those of cultured samples, and identified stemness-related genes (SRGs) associated with cell source (CS-SRGs) and culture time (CT-SRGs), respectively. Interestingly, CS-SRGs and CT-SRGs share genes enriched in the signalling pathways such as mRNA catabolic process, translational initiation, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis and cotranslational protein targeting to membrane, suggesting dynamic protein translation and processing may be a common requirement for stemness maintenance. Meanwhile, CT-SRGs are enriched in pathways involved in glucocorticoid and corticosteroid response that affect HSCs homing and engraftment. In contrast, CS-SRGs specifically contain genes related to purine and ATP metabolic process, which is crucial for HSC homeostasis in the stress settings. Particularly, when CT-SRGs are used as reference genes for the construction of the development trajectory of CD34+ cells, lymphoid and myeloid lineages are clearly separated after HSCs/MPPs. Finally, we presented an application through a small-scale drug screening using Connectivity Map (CMap) against CT-SRGs. A small molecule, cucurbitacin I, was found to efficiently expand HSCs ex vivo while maintaining its stemness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new perspectives for understanding HSCs, and the strategy to identify candidate molecules through SRGs may be applicable to study other stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Dong
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Hematology and OncologyShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Wenjie Ouyang
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Shenzhen Second People's HospitalFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Ying Gu
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
| | - Tianbin Liu
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
| | - Xinru Zeng
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
| | - Huilin Zou
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yue Chen
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Hematology and OncologyShenzhen Children's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Hai‐Xi Sun
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
- BGI‐BeijingBeijing102601China
| | - Chao Liu
- China National GeneBankBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518120China
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
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Cell-intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1361-1382. [PMID: 36309884 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a highly complex process, regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Often, these two regulatory arms work in tandem to maintain the steady-state condition of hematopoiesis. However, at times, certain intrinsic attributes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) override the external stimuli and dominate the outcome. These could be genetic events like mutations or environmentally induced epigenetic or transcriptomic changes. Since leukemic stem cells (LSCs) share molecular pathways that also regulate normal HSCs, identifying specific, dominantly acting intrinsic factors could help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here we have reviewed such dominantly acting intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of the HSCs in the face of external forces acting on them. For brevity, we have restricted our review to the articles dealing with adult HSCs of human and mouse origin that have been published in the last 10 years. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are closely associated with various stromal cells in their microenvironment and, thus, constantly receive signaling cues from them. The illustration depicts some dominantly acting intrinsic or cell-autonomous factors operative in the HSCs. These fall into various categories, such as epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, tumor suppressor genes, signaling pathways, and metabolic regulators, which counteract the outcome of extrinsic signaling exerted by the HSC niche.
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7
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Che JLC, Bode D, Kucinski I, Cull AH, Bain F, Becker HJ, Jassinskaja M, Barile M, Boyd G, Belmonte M, Zeng AGX, Igarashi KJ, Rubio‐Lara J, Shepherd MS, Clay A, Dick JE, Wilkinson AC, Nakauchi H, Yamazaki S, Göttgens B, Kent DG. Identification and characterization of in vitro expanded hematopoietic stem cells. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55502. [PMID: 35971894 PMCID: PMC9535767 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) cultured outside the body are the fundamental component of a wide range of cellular and gene therapies. Recent efforts have achieved > 200-fold expansion of functional HSCs, but their molecular characterization has not been possible since the majority of cells are non-HSCs and single cell-initiated cultures have substantial clone-to-clone variability. Using the Fgd5 reporter mouse in combination with the EPCR surface marker, we report exclusive identification of HSCs from non-HSCs in expansion cultures. By directly linking single-clone functional transplantation data with single-clone gene expression profiling, we show that the molecular profile of expanded HSCs is similar to proliferating fetal HSCs and reveals a gene expression signature, including Esam, Prdm16, Fstl1, and Palld, that can identify functional HSCs from multiple cellular states. This "repopulation signature" (RepopSig) also enriches for HSCs in human datasets. Together, these findings demonstrate the power of integrating functional and molecular datasets to better derive meaningful gene signatures and opens the opportunity for a wide range of functional screening and molecular experiments previously not possible due to limited HSC numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L C Che
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Daniel Bode
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alyssa H Cull
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Fiona Bain
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Hans J Becker
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Maria Jassinskaja
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Melania Barile
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Grace Boyd
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Miriam Belmonte
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andy G X Zeng
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Kyomi J Igarashi
- Department of GeneticsStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Juan Rubio‐Lara
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Mairi S Shepherd
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Anna Clay
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Department of GeneticsStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David G Kent
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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Epigenetic modifier SMCHD1 maintains a normal pool of long-term hematopoietic stem cells. iScience 2022; 25:104684. [PMID: 35856023 PMCID: PMC9287190 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SMCHD1 (structural maintenance of chromosomes hinge domain containing 1) is a noncanonical SMC protein that mediates long-range repressive chromatin structures. SMCHD1 is required for X chromosome inactivation in female cells and repression of imprinted and clustered autosomal genes, with SMCHD1 mutations linked to human diseases facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and bosma arhinia and micropthalmia syndrome (BAMS). We used a conditional mouse model to investigate SMCHD1 in hematopoiesis. Smchd1-deleted mice maintained steady-state hematopoiesis despite showing an impaired reconstitution capacity in competitive bone marrow transplantations and age-related hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) loss. This phenotype was more pronounced in Smchd1-deleted females, which showed a loss of quiescent HSCs and fewer B cells. Gene expression profiling of Smchd1-deficient HSCs and B cells revealed known and cell-type-specific SMCHD1-sensitive genes and significant disruption to X-linked gene expression in female cells. These data show SMCHD1 is a regulator of HSCs whose effects are more profound in females. SMCHD1 is not required to maintain steady-state hematopoiesis Smchd1-deletion leads to loss of adult hematopoietic stem cells Smchd1-deleted female mice are more severely affected than males SMCHD1 maintains cellular quiescence in female hematopoietic stem cells
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9
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Robinson N, Casement J, Gunter MJ, Huybrechts I, Agudo A, Barranco MR, Eichelmann F, Johnson T, Kaaks R, Pala V, Panico S, Sandanger TM, Schultze MB, Travis RC, Tumino R, Vineis P, Weiderpass E, Skinner R, Sharp L, McKay JA, Strathdee G. Anti-cancer therapy is associated with long-term epigenomic changes in childhood cancer survivors. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:288-300. [PMID: 35354948 PMCID: PMC9296636 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) exhibit significantly increased chronic diseases and premature death. Abnormalities in DNA methylation are associated with development of chronic diseases and reduced life expectancy. We investigated the hypothesis that anti-cancer treatments are associated with long-term DNA methylation changes that could be key drivers of adverse late health effects. METHODS Genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed using MethylationEPIC arrays in paired samples (before/after therapy) from 32 childhood cancer patients. Separately, methylation was determined in 32 samples from different adult CCS (mean 22-years post-diagnosis) and compared with cancer-free controls (n = 284). RESULTS Widespread DNA methylation changes were identified post-treatment in childhood cancer patients, including 146 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), which were consistently altered in the 32 post-treatment samples. Analysis of adult CCS identified matching methylation changes at 107/146 of the DMRs, suggesting potential long-term retention of post-therapy changes. Adult survivors also exhibited epigenetic age acceleration, independent of DMR methylation. Furthermore, altered methylation at the DUSP6 DMR was significantly associated with early mortality, suggesting altered methylation may be prognostic for some late adverse health effects in CCS. CONCLUSIONS These novel methylation changes could serve as biomarkers for assessing normal cell toxicity in ongoing treatments and predicting long-term health outcomes in CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassia Robinson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Casement
- Bioinformatic Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, IARC, Lyon, France
| | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, Nutrition and Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | | | - Fabian Eichelmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valeria Pala
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Ruth C Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale (ASP), Ragusa, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Roderick Skinner
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology/Oncology, Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - Linda Sharp
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jill A McKay
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gordon Strathdee
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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10
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Gudmundsson KO, Du Y. Quiescence regulation by normal haematopoietic stem cells and leukaemia stem cells. FEBS J 2022. [PMID: 35514133 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The haematopoietic system is maintained by rare haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which are quiescent most of the time and only divide occasionally to self-renew and/or to undergo commitment to clonal expansion via the generation of highly proliferative progenitor cells. The latter is responsible for the generation of all mature cells of the system through subsequent lineage commitment and terminal differentiation. Cells with similar properties also exist in leukaemias and are known as leukaemia stem cells (LSCs). Quiescence provides essential protection for both HSC and LSC from cytotoxic stress and DNA damage and, in the case of LSCs, likely causes therapy resistance and disease relapse in leukaemia patients. Specific inhibition of LSC quiescence has been considered a promising strategy for eliminating LSCs and curing leukaemias. Although the understanding of mechanisms responsible for quiescence maintenance in these cells remains limited, particularly for LSCs, recent studies have suggested potential differences in their dependency on certain pathways and their levels of stress and DNA damage caused by increased cycling. Such differences likely stem from oncogenic mutations in LSCs and could be specifically exploited for the elimination of LSCs while sparing normal HSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristbjorn Orri Gudmundsson
- Basic Science Program Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Mouse Cancer Genetics Program Center for Cancer Research NCI Frederick MD USA
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Pediatrics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda MD USA
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11
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El-Meligui YM, Hassan NM, Kassem AB, Gouda NA, Mohanad M, Hamouda MA, Salahuddin A. Impact of HOXB4 and PRDM16 Gene Expressions on Prognosis and Treatment Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:663-674. [PMID: 35782688 PMCID: PMC9241994 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s368640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia among adults and is characterized by various genetic abnormalities. HOXB4 and PRDM16 are promising markers of AML. Our objective is to assess the potential roles of HOXB4 and PRDM16 as prognostic and predictive markers in newly diagnosed AML patients and determine the correlation between their expressions and other prognostic markers as FLT3-ITD, NPM1 exon 12 mutations, response to treatment, and patient’s survival. Methods This study included 83 de novo AML adult patients. All patients were subjected to clinical, morphological, cytochemical, and molecular analysis to detect HOXB4 and PRDM16 gene expressions and FLT3-ITD, NPM1 exon 12 mutations. Results The results showed that a low expression of HOXB4 was found in 31.3% of AML patients, whereas a high expression of PRDM16 was evident in 33.8% of AML patients. FLT3-ITD mutations were detected in 6 patients (7.2%), while NPM1 exon 12 mutations were detected in 7 patients (19.4%) out of 36 patients with intermediate genetic risk. Out of the 50 patients who achieved complete remission (CR), relapse occurred in 16% of the cases. Low expression of HOXB4 and high expression of PRDM16 were associated with CR of 32% and 28%, respectively, and a short overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Conclusion Further larger study should be conducted to verify that high PRDM16 and low HOXB4 gene expressions could be used as a poor prognostic predictor for AML. The correlation between PRDM16 and HOXB4 gene expressions and FLT3-ITD and NPM1 exon 12 mutations might have a role on CR, relapse, OS, and, however, this should be clarified in analysis with a larger number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna M El-Meligui
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Hassan
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amira B Kassem
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
- Correspondence: Amira B Kassem, Email
| | - Nora A Gouda
- Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohanad
- Biochemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal A Hamouda
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Salahuddin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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12
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Li L, Kim JH, Lu W, Williams DM, Kim J, Cope L, Rampal RK, Koche RP, Xian L, Luo LZ, Vasiljevic M, Matson DR, Zhao ZJ, Rogers O, Stubbs MC, Reddy K, Romero AR, Psaila B, Spivak JL, Moliterno AR, Resar LMS. HMGA1 chromatin regulators induce transcriptional networks involved in GATA2 and proliferation during MPN progression. Blood 2022; 139:2797-2815. [PMID: 35286385 PMCID: PMC9074401 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) transform to myelofibrosis (MF) and highly lethal acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although the actionable mechanisms driving progression remain elusive. Here, we elucidate the role of the high mobility group A1 (HMGA1) chromatin regulator as a novel driver of MPN progression. HMGA1 is upregulated in MPN, with highest levels after transformation to MF or AML. To define HMGA1 function, we disrupted gene expression via CRISPR/Cas9, short hairpin RNA, or genetic deletion in MPN models. HMGA1 depletion in JAK2V617F AML cell lines disrupts proliferation, clonogenicity, and leukemic engraftment. Surprisingly, loss of just a single Hmga1 allele prevents progression to MF in JAK2V617F mice, decreasing erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, megakaryocyte hyperplasia, and expansion of stem and progenitors, while preventing splenomegaly and fibrosis within the spleen and BM. RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed HMGA1 transcriptional networks and chromatin occupancy at genes that govern proliferation (E2F, G2M, mitotic spindle) and cell fate, including the GATA2 master regulatory gene. Silencing GATA2 recapitulates most phenotypes observed with HMGA1 depletion, whereas GATA2 re-expression partially rescues leukemogenesis. HMGA1 transactivates GATA2 through sequences near the developmental enhancer (+9.5), increasing chromatin accessibility and recruiting active histone marks. Further, HMGA1 transcriptional networks, including proliferation pathways and GATA2, are activated in human MF and MPN leukemic transformation. Importantly, HMGA1 depletion enhances responses to the JAK2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib, preventing MF and prolonging survival in murine models of JAK2V617F AML. These findings illuminate HMGA1 as a key epigenetic switch involved in MPN transformation and a promising therapeutic target to treat or prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Wenyan Lu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Joseph Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Leslie Cope
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Raajit K Rampal
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York, NY
| | - Richard P Koche
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York, NY
| | | | - Li Z Luo
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Daniel R Matson
- Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison, WI
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | | | - Karen Reddy
- Department of Biologic Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Antonio-Rodriguez Romero
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; and
| | - Bethan Psaila
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and National Institutes of Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; and
| | - Jerry L Spivak
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Linda M S Resar
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program and
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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13
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Van Deren DA, De S, Xu B, Eschenbacher KM, Zhang S, Capecchi MR. Defining the Hoxb8 cell lineage during murine definitive hematopoiesis. Development 2022; 149:dev200200. [PMID: 35452096 PMCID: PMC9124572 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that a subpopulation of microglia, known as Hoxb8 microglia, is derived from the Hoxb8 lineage during the second wave (E8.5) of yolk sac hematopoiesis, whereas canonical non-Hoxb8 microglia arise from the first wave (E7.5). Hoxb8 microglia have an ontogeny distinct from non-Hoxb8 microglia. Dysfunctional Hoxb8 microglia cause the acquisition of chronic anxiety and an obsessive-compulsive spectrum-like behavior, trichotillomania, in mice. The nature and fate of the progenitors generated during E8.5 yolk sac hematopoiesis have been controversial. Herein, we use the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter to define the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells arising during the definitive waves of hematopoiesis initiated in the E8.5 yolk sac and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Our murine cell lineage analysis shows that the Hoxb8 cell lineage reporter robustly marks erythromyeloid progenitors, hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, particularly monocytes. Hoxb8 progenitors and microglia require Myb function, a hallmark transcription factor for definitive hematopoiesis, for propagation and maturation. During adulthood, all immune lineages and, interestingly, resident macrophages in only hematopoietic/lymphoid tissues are derived from Hoxb8 precursors. These results illustrate that the Hoxb8 lineage exclusively mirrors murine definitive hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donn A. Van Deren
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shrutokirti De
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ben Xu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kayla M. Eschenbacher
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mario R. Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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14
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Jiang N, Yang M, Han Y, Zhao H, Sun L. PRDM16 Regulating Adipocyte Transformation and Thermogenesis: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:870250. [PMID: 35462933 PMCID: PMC9024053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.870250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that obesity and diabetes have been major public health concerns and that disease morbidities have been rising continuously, effective treatment for these diseases is urgently needed. Because adipose tissue metabolism is involved in the progression of obesity and diabetes, it might be efficient to target adipocyte metabolic pathways. Positive regulatory domain zinc finger region protein 16 (PRDM16), a transcription factor that is highly expressed in adipocytes, plays a key role in adipose tissue metabolism, such as the browning and thermogenesis of adipocytes, the beigeing of adipocytes, the adipogenic differentiation of myoblasts, and the conversion of visceral adipocytes to subcutaneous adipocytes. Furthermore, clinical and basic studies have shown that the expression of PRDM16 is associated with obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 signaling participates in the treatment of the two diseases. For example, metformin promotes thermogenesis and alleviates obesity by activating the AMPK/αKG/PRDM16 signaling pathway; rosiglitazone alleviates obesity under the synergistic effect of PRDM16; resveratrol plays an antiobesity role by inducing the expression of PRDM16; liraglupeptide improves insulin resistance by inducing the expression of PRDM16; and mulberry leaves play an anti-inflammatory and antidiabetes role by activating the expression of brown fat cell marker genes (including PRDM16). In this review, we summarize the evidence of PRDM16 involvement in the progression of obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 may be a promising therapy for obesity and diabetes.
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15
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CDK19 regulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and acute myeloid leukemia cells by suppressing p53-mediated transcription of p21. Leukemia 2022; 36:956-969. [PMID: 35110726 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle progression of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells is precisely controlled by multiple regulatory factors. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we find that cyclin-dependent kinase 19 (CDK19), not its paralogue CDK8, is relatively enriched in mouse HSCs, and its expression is more significantly increased than CDK8 after proliferative stresses. Furthermore, SenexinB (a CDK8/19 inhibitor) treatment impairs the proliferation and self-renewal ability of HSCs. Moreover, overexpression of CDK19 promotes HSC function better than CDK8 overexpression. Using CDK19 knockout mice, we observe that CDK19-/- HSCs exhibit similar phenotypes to those of cells treated with SenexinB. Interestingly, the p53 signaling pathway is significantly activated in HSCs lacking CDK19 expression. Further investigations show that CDK19 can interact with p53 to inhibit p53-mediated transcription of p21 in HSCs and treatment with a specific p53 inhibitor (PFTβ) partially rescues the defects of CDK19-null HSCs. Importantly, SenexinB treatment markedly inhibits the proliferation of AML cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that CDK19 is involved in regulating HSC and AML cell proliferation via the p53-p21 pathway, revealing a new mechanism underlying cell cycle regulation in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells.
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16
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Lawson H, van de Lagemaat LN, Barile M, Tavosanis A, Durko J, Villacreces A, Bellani A, Mapperley C, Georges E, Martins-Costa C, Sepulveda C, Allen L, Campos J, Campbell KJ, O'Carroll D, Göttgens B, Cory S, Rodrigues NP, Guitart AV, Kranc KR. CITED2 coordinates key hematopoietic regulatory pathways to maintain the HSC pool in both steady-state hematopoiesis and transplantation. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2784-2797. [PMID: 34715054 PMCID: PMC8581166 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside at the apex of the hematopoietic differentiation hierarchy and sustain multilineage hematopoiesis. Here, we show that the transcriptional regulator CITED2 is essential for life-long HSC maintenance. While hematopoietic-specific Cited2 deletion has a minor impact on steady-state hematopoiesis, Cited2-deficient HSCs are severely depleted in young mice and fail to expand upon aging. Moreover, although they home normally to the bone marrow, they fail to reconstitute hematopoiesis upon transplantation. Mechanistically, CITED2 is required for expression of key HSC regulators, including GATA2, MCL-1, and PTEN. Hematopoietic-specific expression of anti-apoptotic MCL-1 partially rescues the Cited2-deficient HSC pool and restores their reconstitution potential. To interrogate the Cited2→Pten pathway in HSCs, we generated Cited2;Pten compound heterozygous mice, which had a decreased number of HSCs that failed to reconstitute the HSC compartment. In addition, CITED2 represses multiple pathways whose elevated activity causes HSC exhaustion. Thus, CITED2 promotes pathways necessary for HSC maintenance and suppresses those detrimental to HSC integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lawson
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Louie N van de Lagemaat
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Melania Barile
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Andrea Tavosanis
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jozef Durko
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Arnaud Villacreces
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Aarushi Bellani
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Christopher Mapperley
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Elise Georges
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Catarina Sepulveda
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lewis Allen
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Joana Campos
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | - Dónal O'Carroll
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Suzanne Cory
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Amelie V Guitart
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK; Université de Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM U1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- Laboratory of Haematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukaemia Biology, Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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17
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Molecular Changes Induced in Melanoma by Cell Culturing in 3D Alginate Hydrogels. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164111. [PMID: 34439267 PMCID: PMC8394053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The research field of 3D cell cultivation in hydrogels is continuously growing. To be able to analyze the reaction of melanoma cells to 3D cultivation in alginate hydrogel on a molecular level, whole transcriptome sequencing was performed. Intriguingly, we could not only unravel differences between the gene regulation in 2D and 3D cultures but could also correlate the culture switch to the physiological process of tumor plasticity based on the observed patterns. Thereby, the role of EGR1 in controlling tumor plasticity and progression in melanoma was revealed. We conclude that the combination of cell culture models using biomaterials and whole transcriptome analysis leads to a deeper molecular understanding of cancer cells, herewith defining new therapeutic targets. Abstract Alginate hydrogels have been used as a biomaterial for 3D culturing for several years. Here, gene expression patterns in melanoma cells cultivated in 3D alginate are compared to 2D cultures. It is well-known that 2D cell culture is not resembling the complex in vivo situation well. However, the use of very intricate 3D models does not allow performing high-throughput screening and analysis is highly complex. 3D cell culture strategies in hydrogels will better mimic the in vivo situation while they maintain feasibility for large-scale analysis. As alginate is an easy-to-use material and due to its favorable properties, it is commonly applied as a bioink component in the growing field of cell encapsulation and biofabrication. Yet, only a little information about the transcriptome in 3D cultures in hydrogels like alginate is available. In this study, changes in the transcriptome based on RNA-Seq data by cultivating melanoma cells in 3D alginate are analyzed and reveal marked changes compared to cells cultured on usual 2D tissue culture plastic. Deregulated genes represent valuable cues to signaling pathways and molecules affected by the culture method. Using this as a model system for tumor cell plasticity and heterogeneity, EGR1 is determined to play an important role in melanoma progression.
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