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Yoo H, Park H. Altered mitochondrial Ca 2+ uptake in presynaptic terminals of cultured striatal and cortical neurons from the zQ175 knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 716:150010. [PMID: 38704892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) in mitochondria plays crucial roles in neurons including modulating metabolic processes. Moreover, excessive Ca2+ in mitochondria can lead to cell death. Thus, altered mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's disease (HD). HD is a progressive hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that results from abnormally expanded cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin gene. One neuropathological hallmark of HD is neuronal loss in the striatum and cortex. However, mechanisms underlying selective loss of striatal and cortical neurons in HD remain elusive. Here, we measured the basal Ca2+ levels and Ca2+ uptake in single presynaptic mitochondria during 100 external electrical stimuli using highly sensitive mitochondria-targeted Ca2+ indicators in cultured cortical and striatal neurons of a knock-in mouse model of HD (zQ175 mice). We observed elevated presynaptic mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake during 100 electrical stimuli in HD cortical neurons compared with wild-type (WT) cortical neurons. We also found the highly elevated presynaptic mitochondrial basal Ca2+ level and Ca2+ uptake during 100 stimuli in HD striatal neurons. The elevated presynaptic mitochondrial basal Ca2+ level in HD striatal neurons and Ca2+ uptake during stimulation in HD striatal and cortical neurons can disrupt neurotransmission and induce mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, eventually leading to neuronal death in the striatum and cortex of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Yoo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hyokeun Park
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Wu C, Yin H, Fu S, Yoo H, Zhang M, Park H. Altered anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria in cultured striatal neurons of a knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149246. [PMID: 38029540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of a cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene. One pathological feature of HD is neuronal loss in the striatum. Despite many efforts, mechanisms underlying neuronal loss in HD striatum remain elusive. It was suggested that the mutant huntingtin protein interacts mitochondrial proteins and causes mitochondrial dysfunction in striatal neurons. However, whether axonal transport of mitochondria is altered in HD striatal neurons remains controversial. Here, we examined axonal transport of single mitochondria labelled with Mito-DsRed2 in cultured striatal neurons of zQ175 knock-in mice (a knock-in mouse model of HD). We observed decreased anterograde axonal transport of proximal mitochondria in HD striatal neurons compared with wild-type (WT) striatal neurons. Decreased anterograde transport in HD striatal neurons was prevented by overexpressing mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (Miro1). Our results offer a new insight into mechanisms underlying neuronal loss in the striatum in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Haoran Yin
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Songdi Fu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hanna Yoo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hyokeun Park
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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3
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Shi M, Xu H, Hu R, Chen Y, Wu X, Chen B, Ma R. Identification and Validation of Synapse-related Hub Genes after Spinal Cord Injury by Bioinformatics Analysis. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:599-610. [PMID: 37170986 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230426151114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disease with high morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have shown that abnormally expressed synapse-related genes are closely related to the occurrence and development of SCI. However, little is known about the interaction of these aberrantly expressed genes and the molecular mechanisms that play a role in the injury response. Therefore, deeply exploring the correlation between synapse-related genes and functional recovery after spinal cord injury and the molecular regulation mechanism is of great significance. METHODS First, we selected the function GSE45006 dataset to construct three clinically meaningful gene modules by hierarchical clustering analysis in 4 normal samples and 20 SCI samples. Subsequently, we performed functional and pathway enrichment analyses of key modules. RESULTS The results showed that related module genes were significantly enriched in synaptic structures and functions, such as the regulation of synaptic membranes and membrane potential. A protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed to identify 10 hub genes of SCI, and the results showed that Snap25, Cplx1, Stxbp1, Syt1, Rims1, Rab3a, Syn2, Syn1, Cask, Lin7b were most associated with SCI. Finally, these hub genes were further verified by quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in the spinal cord tissues of the blank group and SCI rats, and it was found that the expression of these hub genes was significantly decreased in the spinal cord injury compared with the blank group (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the structure and function of synapses play an important role after spinal cord injury. Our study helps to understand the underlying pathogenesis of SCI patients further and identify new targets for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Eilts J, Reinhard S, Michetschläger N, Werner C, Sauer M. Enhanced synaptic protein visualization by multicolor super-resolution expansion microscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:044412. [PMID: 37886043 PMCID: PMC10599331 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.4.044412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Significance Understanding the organization of biomolecules into complexes and their dynamics is crucial for comprehending cellular functions and dysfunctions, particularly in neuronal networks connected by synapses. In the last two decades, various powerful super-resolution (SR) microscopy techniques have been developed that produced stunning images of synapses and their molecular organization. However, current SR microscopy methods do not permit multicolor fluorescence imaging with 20 to 30 nm spatial resolution. Aim We developed a method that enables 4-color fluorescence imaging of synaptic proteins in neurons with 20 to 30 nm lateral resolution. Approach We used post-expansion immunolabeling of eightfold expanded hippocampal neurons in combination with Airyscan and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Results We demonstrate that post-expansion immunolabeling of approximately eightfold expanded hippocampal neurons enables efficient labeling of synaptic proteins in crowded compartments with minimal linkage error and enables in combination with Airyscan and SIM four-color three-dimensional fluorescence imaging with 20 to 30 nm lateral resolution. Using immunolabeling of Synaptobrevin 2 as an efficient marker of the vesicle pool allowed us to identify individual synaptic vesicles colocalized with Rab3-interacting molecule 1 and 2 (RIM1/2), a marker of pre-synaptic fusion sites. Conclusions Our optimized expansion microscopy approach improves the visualization and location of pre- and post-synaptic proteins and can thus provide invaluable insights into the spatial organization of proteins at synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Eilts
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reinhard
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nikolas Michetschläger
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Werner
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
- University of Würzburg, Rudolf Virchow Center, Research Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Würzburg, Germany
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Xu C, Chen S, Chen X, Ho KH, Park C, Yoo H, Lee SH, Park H. Altered exocytosis of inhibitory synaptic vesicles at single presynaptic terminals of cultured striatal neurons in a knock-in mouse model of Huntington's disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1175522. [PMID: 37664244 PMCID: PMC10470468 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1175522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeat in the huntingtin gene, which encodes the mutant huntingtin protein containing an expanded polyglutamine tract. One of neuropathologic hallmarks of HD is selective degeneration in the striatum. Mechanisms underlying selective neurodegeneration in the striatum of HD remain elusive. Neurodegeneration is suggested to be preceded by abnormal synaptic transmission at the early stage of HD. However, how mutant huntingtin protein affects synaptic vesicle exocytosis at single presynaptic terminals of HD striatal neurons is poorly understood. Here, we measured synaptic vesicle exocytosis at single presynaptic terminals of cultured striatal neurons (mainly inhibitory neurons) in a knock-in mouse model of HD (zQ175) during electrical field stimulation using real-time imaging of FM 1-43 (a lipophilic dye). We found a significant decrease in bouton density and exocytosis of synaptic vesicles at single presynaptic terminals in cultured striatal neurons. Real-time imaging of VGAT-CypHer5E (a pH sensitive dye conjugated to an antibody against vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)) for inhibitory synaptic vesicles revealed a reduction in bouton density and exocytosis of inhibitory synaptic vesicles at single presynaptic terminals of HD striatal neurons. Thus, our results suggest that the mutant huntingtin protein decreases bouton density and exocytosis of inhibitory synaptic vesicles at single presynaptic terminals of striatal neurons, causing impaired inhibitory synaptic transmission, eventually leading to the neurodegeneration in the striatum of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sidong Chen
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Hei Ho
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chungwon Park
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Center for Construction Robotics (InnoHK-HKCRC), Hong Kong Science Park, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hanna Yoo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk-Ho Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokeun Park
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Chamberland S, Nebet ER, Valero M, Hanani M, Egger R, Larsen SB, Eyring KW, Buzsáki G, Tsien RW. Brief synaptic inhibition persistently interrupts firing of fast-spiking interneurons. Neuron 2023; 111:1264-1281.e5. [PMID: 36787751 PMCID: PMC10121938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurons perform input-output operations that integrate synaptic inputs with intrinsic electrical properties; these operations are generally constrained by the brevity of synaptic events. Here, we report that sustained firing of CA1 hippocampal fast-spiking parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs) can be persistently interrupted for several hundred milliseconds following brief GABAAR-mediated inhibition in vitro and in vivo. A single presynaptic neuron could interrupt PV-IN firing, occasionally with a single action potential (AP), and reliably with AP bursts. Experiments and computational modeling reveal that the persistent interruption of firing maintains neurons in a depolarized, quiescent state through a cell-autonomous mechanism. Interrupted PV-INs are strikingly responsive to Schaffer collateral inputs. The persistent interruption of firing provides a disinhibitory circuit mechanism favoring spike generation in CA1 pyramidal cells. Overall, our results demonstrate that neuronal silencing can far outlast brief synaptic inhibition owing to the well-tuned interplay between neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic membrane dynamics, a phenomenon impacting microcircuit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Chamberland
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Erica R Nebet
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Manuel Valero
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Monica Hanani
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Robert Egger
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Otolaryngology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Samantha B Larsen
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Katherine W Eyring
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard W Tsien
- NYU Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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McCarty G, Dunaway LE, Denison JD, Sombers LA. Neurotransmitter Readily Escapes Detection at the Opposing Microelectrode Surface in Typical Amperometric Measurements of Exocytosis at Single Cells. Anal Chem 2022; 94:9548-9556. [PMID: 35750055 PMCID: PMC9281607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For decades, carbon-fiber microelectrodes have been used in amperometric measurements of neurotransmitter release at a wide variety of cell types, providing a tremendous amount of valuable information on the mechanisms involved in dense-core vesicle fusion. The electroactive molecules that are released can be detected at the opposing microelectrode surface, allowing for precise quantification as well as detailed kinetic information on the stages of neurotransmitter release. However, it remains unclear how much of the catecholamine that is released into the artificial synapse escapes detection. This work examines two separate mechanisms by which released neurotransmitter goes undetected in a typical amperometric measurement. First, diffusional loss is assessed by monitoring exocytosis at single bovine chromaffin cells using carbon-fiber microelectrodes fabricated in a recessed (cavity) geometry. This creates a microsampling vial that minimizes diffusional loss of analyte prior to detection. More molecules were detected per exocytotic release event when using a recessed cavity sensor as compared to the conventional configuration. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter (NET), which serves to remove catecholamine from the extracellular space, increased both the size and the time course of individual amperometric events. Overall, this study characterizes distinct physical and biological mechanisms by which released neurotransmitter escapes detection at the opposing microelectrode surface, while also revealing an important role for the NET in "presynaptic" modulation of neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory
S. McCarty
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lars E. Dunaway
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - J. Dylan Denison
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina
State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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8
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Park C, Jung S, Park H. Single vesicle tracking for studying synaptic vesicle dynamics in small central synapses. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 76:102596. [PMID: 35803103 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sustained neurotransmission is driven by a continuous supply of synaptic vesicles to the release sites and modulated by synaptic vesicle dynamics. However, synaptic vesicle dynamics in synapses remain elusive because of technical limitations. Recent advances in fluorescence imaging techniques have enabled the tracking of single synaptic vesicles in small central synapses in living neurons. Single vesicle tracking has uncovered a wealth of new information about synaptic vesicle dynamics both within and outside presynaptic terminals, showing that single vesicle tracking is an effective tool for studying synaptic vesicle dynamics. Particularly, single vesicle tracking with high spatiotemporal resolution has revealed the dependence of synaptic vesicle dynamics on the location, stages of recycling, and neuronal activity. This review summarizes the recent findings from single synaptic vesicle tracking in small central synapses and their implications in synaptic transmission and pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungwon Park
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Sangyong Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, 138667, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Hyokeun Park
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong; Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.
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Petrov AM, Zakirjanova GF, Kovyazina IV, Tsentsevitsky AN, Bukharaeva EA. Adrenergic receptors control frequency-dependent switching of the exocytosis mode between "full-collapse" and "kiss-and-run" in murine motor nerve terminal. Life Sci 2022; 296:120433. [PMID: 35219696 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neurotransmitter release from the synaptic vesicles can occur through two modes of exocytosis: "full-collapse" or "kiss-and-run". Here we investigated how increasing the nerve activity and pharmacological stimulation of adrenoceptors can influence the mode of exocytosis in the motor nerve terminal. METHODS Recording of endplate potentials with intracellular microelectrodes was used to estimate acetylcholine release. A fluorescent dye FM1-43 and its quenching with sulforhodamine 101 were utilized to visualize synaptic vesicle recycling. KEY FINDINGS An increase in the frequency of stimulation led to a decrease in the rate of FM1-43 unloading despite the higher number of quanta released. High frequency activity promoted neurotransmitter release via the kiss-and-run mechanism. This was confirmed by experiments utilizing (I) FM1-43 dye quencher, that is able to pass into the synaptic vesicle via fusion pore, and (II) loading of FM1-43 by compensatory endocytosis. Noradrenaline and specific α2-adrenoreceptors agonist, dexmedetomidine, controlled the mode of synaptic vesicle recycling at high frequency activity. Their applications favored neurotransmitter release via full-collapse exocytosis rather than the kiss-and-run pathway. SIGNIFICANCE At the diaphragm neuromuscular junctions, neuronal commands are translated into contractions necessary for respiration. During stress, an increase in discharge rate of the phrenic nerve shifts the exocytosis from the full-collapse to the kiss-and-run mode. The stress-related molecule, noradrenaline, restricts neurotransmitter release in response to a high frequency activity, and prevents the shift in the mode of exocytosis through α2-adrenoceptor activation. This may be a component of the mechanism that limits overstimulation of the respiratory system during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Guzalia F Zakirjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina V Kovyazina
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Ellya A Bukharaeva
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
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10
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An SJ, Stagi M, Gould TJ, Wu Y, Mlodzianoski M, Rivera-Molina F, Toomre D, Strittmatter SM, De Camilli P, Bewersdorf J, Zenisek D. Multimodal imaging of synaptic vesicles with a single probe. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100199. [PMID: 35497490 PMCID: PMC9046237 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A complete understanding of synaptic-vesicle recycling requires the use of multiple microscopy methods to obtain complementary information. However, many currently available probes are limited to a specific microscopy modality, which necessitates the use of multiple probes and labeling paradigms. Given the complexity of vesicle populations and recycling pathways, having new single-vesicle probes that could be used for multiple microscopy techniques would complement existing sets of tools for studying vesicle function. Here, we present a probe based on the membrane-binding C2 domain of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) that fulfills this need. By conjugating the C2 domain with different detectable tags, we demonstrate that a single, modular probe can allow synaptic vesicles to be imaged at multiple levels of spatial and temporal resolution. Moreover, as a general endocytic marker, the C2 domain may also be used to study membrane recycling in many cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong J. An
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Massimiliano Stagi
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool 69 3BX, UK
| | - Travis J. Gould
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA
| | - Yumei Wu
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael Mlodzianoski
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Felix Rivera-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Derek Toomre
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen M. Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pietro De Camilli
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joerg Bewersdorf
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David Zenisek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration & Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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11
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Real-time three-dimensional tracking of single vesicles reveals abnormal motion and pools of synaptic vesicles in neurons of Huntington's disease mice. iScience 2021; 24:103181. [PMID: 34703988 PMCID: PMC8521108 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although defective synaptic transmission was suggested to play a role in neurodegenerative diseases, the dynamics and vesicle pools of synaptic vesicles during neurodegeneration remain elusive. Here, we performed real-time three-dimensional tracking of single synaptic vesicles in cortical neurons from a mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD). Vesicles in HD neurons had a larger net displacement and radius of gyration compared with wild-type neurons. Vesicles with high release probability (Pr) were interspersed with low-Pr vesicles in HD neurons, whereas high-Pr vesicles were closer to fusion sites than low-Pr in wild-type neurons. Non-releasing vesicles in HD neurons had an abnormally high prevalence of irregular oscillatory motion. These abnormal dynamics and vesicle pools were rescued by overexpressing Rab11, and the abnormal irregular oscillatory motion was rescued by jasplakinolide. Our studies reveal the abnormal dynamics and pools of synaptic vesicles in the early stages of HD, suggesting a possible pathogenic mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases.
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12
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Chen X, Liu T, Qin X, Nguyen QQ, Lee SK, Lee C, Ren Y, Chu J, Zhu G, Yoon TY, Park CY, Park H. Simultaneous Real-Time Three-Dimensional Localization and FRET Measurement of Two Distinct Particles. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:7479-7485. [PMID: 34491760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many biological processes employ mechanisms involving the locations and interactions of multiple components. Given that most biological processes occur in three dimensions, the simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional locations and interactions is necessary. However, the simultaneous three-dimensional precise localization and measurement of interactions in real time remains challenging. Here, we report a new microscopy technique to localize two spectrally distinct particles in three dimensions with an accuracy (2.35σ) of tens of nanometers with an exposure time of 100 ms and to measure their real-time interactions using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) simultaneously. Using this microscope, we tracked two distinct vesicles containing t-SNAREs or v-SNARE in three dimensions and observed FRET simultaneously during single-vesicle fusion in real time, revealing the nanoscale motion and interactions of single vesicles in vesicle fusion. Thus, this study demonstrates that our microscope can provide detailed information about real-time three-dimensional nanoscale locations, motion, and interactions in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxiang Chen
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xianan Qin
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Quang Quan Nguyen
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sang Kwon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, UNIST, 44919, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yaguang Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jun Chu
- Research Lab for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tae-Young Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Chan Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, UNIST, 44919, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyokeun Park
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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13
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Unique dynamics and exocytosis properties of GABAergic synaptic vesicles revealed by three-dimensional single vesicle tracking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022133118. [PMID: 33622785 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022133118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition is essential for proper function of the central nervous system. Inhibitory synaptic transmission plays an important role in maintaining this balance. Although inhibitory transmission has higher kinetic demands compared to excitatory transmission, its properties are poorly understood. In particular, the dynamics and exocytosis of single inhibitory vesicles have not been investigated, due largely to both technical and practical limitations. Using a combination of quantum dots (QDs) conjugated to antibodies against the luminal domain of the vesicular GABA transporter to selectively label GABAergic (i.e., predominantly inhibitory) vesicles together with dual-focus imaging optics, we tracked the real-time three-dimensional position of single GABAergic vesicles up to the moment of exocytosis (i.e., fusion). Using three-dimensional trajectories, we found that GABAergic synaptic vesicles traveled a shorter distance prior to fusion and had a shorter time to fusion compared to synaptotagmin-1 (Syt1)-labeled vesicles, which were mostly from excitatory neurons. Moreover, our analysis revealed that GABAergic synaptic vesicles move more straightly to their release sites than Syt1-labeled vesicles. Finally, we found that GABAergic vesicles have a higher prevalence of kiss-and-run fusion than Syt1-labeled vesicles. These results indicate that inhibitory synaptic vesicles have a unique set of dynamics and exocytosis properties to support rapid synaptic inhibition, thereby maintaining a tightly regulated coordination between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system.
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