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Yang Z, Li G, Zhang Y, Li F, Zhou T, Ye J, Wang X, Zhang X, Sun Z, Tao X, Wu M, Wu J, Li Y. Crop antiviral defense: Past and future perspective. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-024-2680-3. [PMID: 39190125 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-024-2680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Viral pathogens not only threaten the health and life of humans and animals but also cause enormous crop yield losses and contribute to global food insecurity. To defend against viral pathogens, plants have evolved an intricate immune system to perceive and cope with such attacks. Although most of the fundamental studies were carried out in model plants, more recent research in crops has provided new insights into the antiviral strategies employed by crop plants. We summarize recent advances in understanding the biological roles of cellular receptors, RNA silencing, RNA decay, hormone signaling, autophagy, and ubiquitination in manipulating crop host-mediated antiviral responses. The potential functions of circular RNAs, the rhizosphere microbiome, and the foliar microbiome of crops in plant-virus interactions will be fascinating research directions in the future. These findings will be beneficial for the development of modern crop improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guangyao Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zongtao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Vector-borne Virus Research Center, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Renukadevi P, Devi RG, Jothika C, Karthikeyan G, Malathi VG, Balakrishnan N, Rajagopal B, Nakkeeran S, Abd-Allah EF. Genomic distinctiveness and recombination in tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV-BG) isolates infecting bitter gourd. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:184. [PMID: 39070236 PMCID: PMC11282025 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
There are two begomoviruses, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and bitter gourd yellow mosaic virus (BgYMV) infecting bitter gourd in India. An extensive survey conducted from 2019 to 2022 clearly established that infection by ToLCNDV is more predominant (92.43%) than BgYMV (44%). The ToLCNDV isolates infecting bitter gourd shared only 88% identity in the DNA-A component with other ToLCNDV isolates and were found to be a distinct variant. The predicted amino acid sequence of the viral proteins, replication initiation protein, coat protein, and the symptom determinant protein in the study isolates are markedly different. Especially the RCR motif I and RCR motif III are different from other geminiviruses. Infectivity of cloned components of one of the isolates ToLCNDV-BG NP was demonstrated in bitter gourd. Recombination analysis clearly revealed that the study isolates are recombinants with the major parent predicted as squash leaf curl Yunnan virus (GenBank Accession Number: MK064241) and the minor parent as ToLCNDV from Pakistan (GenBank Accession Number: AM747291). Due to distinct genomic features and less than 90% identity with the majority of ToLCNDV isolates, the study isolates deserve to be raised to the status of a distinct strain, designated as ToLCNDV-BG. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-04009-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Renukadevi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
| | - R. Gomathi Devi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
| | - C. Jothika
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
| | - G. Karthikeyan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
| | - V. G. Malathi
- GI, Sree Kumaran Hill Crest Apartment, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046 India
| | - N. Balakrishnan
- Directorate of Research, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - B. Rajagopal
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003 India
| | - S. Nakkeeran
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003 India
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Song Q, Han S, Hu S, Xu Y, Zuo K. The Verticillium dahliae Effector VdPHB1 Promotes Pathogenicity in Cotton and Interacts with the Immune Protein GhMC4. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1173-1183. [PMID: 38619117 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a kind of pathogenic fungus that brings about wilt disease and great losses in cotton. The molecular mechanism of the effectors in V. dahliae regulating cotton immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified an effector of V. dahliae, VdPHB1, whose gene expression is highly induced by infection. The VdPHB1 protein is localized to the intercellular space of cotton plants. Knock-out of the VdPHB1 gene in V. dahliae had no effect on pathogen growth, but decreased the virulence in cotton. VdPHB1 ectopically expressed Arabidopsis plants were growth-inhibited and significantly susceptible to V. dahliae. Further, VdPHB1 interacted with the type II metacaspase GhMC4. GhMC4 gene-silenced cotton plants were more sensitive to V. dahliae with reduced expression of pathogen defense-related and programmed cell death genes. The accumulation of GhMC4 protein was concurrently repressed when VdPHB1 protein was expressed during infection. In summary, these results have revealed a novel molecular mechanism of virulence regulation that the secreted effector VdPHB1 represses the activity of cysteine protease for helping V. dahliae infection in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Song
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Song Han
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiyang Xu
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaijing Zuo
- Single Cell Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Jiao B, Peng Q, Wu B, Liu S, Zhou J, Yuan B, Lin H, Xi D. The miR172/TOE3 module regulates resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39040005 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The outcome of certain plant-virus interaction is symptom recovery, which is accompanied with the emergence of asymptomatic tissues in which the virus accumulation decreased dramatically. This phenomenon shows the potential to reveal critical molecular factors for controlling viral disease. MicroRNAs act as master regulators in plant growth, development, and immunity. However, the mechanism by which miRNA participates in regulating symptom recovery remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that miR172 was scavenged in the recovered tissue of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected Nicotiana tabacum plants. Overexpression of miR172 promoted TMV infection, whereas silencing of miR172 inhibited TMV infection. Then, TARGET OF EAT3 (TOE3), an APETALA2 transcription factor, was identified as a downstream target of miR172. Overexpression of NtTOE3 significantly improved plant resistance to TMV infection, while knockout of NtTOE3 facilitated virus infection. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated that TOE3 promoted the expression of defense-related genes, such as KL1 and MLP43. Overexpression of these genes conferred resistance of plant against TMV infection. Importantly, results of dual-luciferase assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay proved that TOE3 activated the transcription of KL1 and MLP43 by binding their promoters. Moreover, overexpression of rTOE3 (the miR172-resistant form of TOE3) significantly reduced TMV accumulation compared to the overexpression of TOE3 (the normal form of TOE3) in miR172 overexpressing Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Taken together, our study reveals the pivotal role of miR172/TOE3 module in regulating plant immunity and in the establishment of recovery in virus-infected tobacco plants, elucidating a regulatory mechanism integrating plant growth, development, and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Qiding Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Baijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Sucen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jingya Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Bowen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Honghui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Dehui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
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Macedo MA, Melgarejo T, Cespedes M, Rojas M, Lazicki P, Turini T, Batuman O, Gilbertson R. An all-out assault on a dominant resistance gene: Local emergence, establishment, and spread of strains of tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) that overcome Sw-5b-mediated resistance in fresh market and processing tomatoes in California. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305402. [PMID: 38985801 PMCID: PMC11236122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes substantial economic loss to tomato production, and the Sw-5b resistance gene is widely deployed for management. Here, we show (i) the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) TSWV strains in processing and fresh market tomato production in California over the past ten years, and (ii) evolutionary relationships with RB strains from other areas. A specific RT-PCR test was used to show the C118Y RB strain that emerged in Fresno County in 2016 quickly became predominant in the central production area and remained so through this study. In 2021, the C118Y strain was detected in the Northern production area, and was predominant in 2022. However, in 2023, the C118Y strain was unexpectedly detected in fewer spotted wilt samples from resistant varieties. This was due to emergence of the T120N RB strain, previously known to occur in Spain. A specific RT-PCR test was developed and used to show that the T120N RB strain was predominant in Colusa and Sutter counties (detected in 75-80% of samples), and detected in ~50% of samples from Yolo County. Pathogenicity tests confirmed California isolates of the T120N strain infected Sw-5b tomato varieties and induced severe symptoms. Another RB strain, C118F, was associated with spotted wilt samples of Sw-5 varieties from fresh market tomato production in southern California. Phylogenetic analyses with complete NSm sequences revealed that the C118Y and T120N RB strains infecting resistant processing tomato in California emerged locally, whereas those from fresh market production were more closely related to isolates from Mexico. Thus, widespread deployment of this single dominant resistance gene in California has driven the local emergence of multiple RB strains in different tomato production areas and types. These results further emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring for RB strains, and identification of sources of resistance to these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica A. Macedo
- Federal Institution of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Tomas Melgarejo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Margaret Cespedes
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Rojas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Patrícia Lazicki
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Woodland, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Turini
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, Fresno, California, United States of America
| | - Ozgur Batuman
- Department of Plant Pathology, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Robert Gilbertson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Fuentes RR, Nieuwenhuis R, Chouaref J, Hesselink T, van Dooijeweert W, van den Broeck HC, Schijlen E, Schouten HJ, Bai Y, Fransz P, Stam M, de Jong H, Trivino SD, de Ridder D, van Dijk ADJ, Peters SA. A catalogue of recombination coldspots in interspecific tomato hybrids. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011336. [PMID: 38950081 PMCID: PMC11244794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing natural resistance and resilience in plants is key for ensuring food security within a changing climate. Breeders improve these traits by crossing cultivars with their wild relatives and introgressing specific alleles through meiotic recombination. However, some genomic regions are devoid of recombination especially in crosses between divergent genomes, limiting the combinations of desirable alleles. Here, we used pooled-pollen sequencing to build a map of recombinant and non-recombinant regions between tomato and five wild relatives commonly used for introgressive tomato breeding. We detected hybrid-specific recombination coldspots that underscore the role of structural variations in modifying recombination patterns and maintaining genetic linkage in interspecific crosses. Crossover regions and coldspots show strong association with specific TE superfamilies exhibiting differentially accessible chromatin between somatic and meiotic cells. About two-thirds of the genome are conserved coldspots, located mostly in the pericentromeres and enriched with retrotransposons. The coldspots also harbor genes associated with agronomic traits and stress resistance, revealing undesired consequences of linkage drag and possible barriers to breeding. We presented examples of linkage drag that can potentially be resolved by pairing tomato with other wild species. Overall, this catalogue will help breeders better understand crossover localization and make informed decisions on generating new tomato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roven Rommel Fuentes
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ronald Nieuwenhuis
- Business Unit of Bioscience, Cluster Applied Bioinformatics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jihed Chouaref
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thamara Hesselink
- Business Unit of Bioscience, Cluster Applied Bioinformatics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Dooijeweert
- Centre for Genetic Resources, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty C van den Broeck
- Business Unit of Bioscience, Cluster Applied Bioinformatics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elio Schijlen
- Business Unit of Bioscience, Cluster Applied Bioinformatics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Schouten
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuling Bai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Fransz
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maike Stam
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Jong
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Diaz Trivino
- Business Unit of Bioscience, Cluster Applied Bioinformatics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick de Ridder
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt D J van Dijk
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander A Peters
- Business Unit of Bioscience, Cluster Applied Bioinformatics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Guang H, Xiaoyang G, Zhian W, Ye W, Peng W, Linfang S, Bingting W, Anhong Z, Fuguang L, Jiahe W. The cotton MYB33 gene is a hub gene regulating the trade-off between plant growth and defense in Verticillium dahliae infection. J Adv Res 2024; 61:1-17. [PMID: 37648022 PMCID: PMC11258673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sessile plants engage in trade-offs between growth and defense capacity in response to fluctuating environmental cues. MYB is an important transcription factor that plays many important roles in controlling plant growth and defense. However, the mechanism behind how it keeps a balance between these two physiological processes is still largely unknown. OBJECTIVES Our work focuses on the dissection of the molecular mechanism by which GhMYB33 regulates plant growth and defense. METHODS The CRISPR/Cas9 technique was used to generate mutants for deciphering GhMYB33 functions. Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementary imaging, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to prove that proteins interact with each other. We used the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, yeast one-hybrid, and luciferase activity assays to analyze GhMYB33 acting as a promoter. A β-glucuronidase fusion reporter and 5' RNA ligase mediated amplification of cDNA ends analysis showed that ghr-miR319c directedly cleaved the GhMYB33 mRNA. RESULTS Overexpressing miR319c-resistant GhMYB33 (rGhMYB33) promoted plant growth, accompanied by a significant decline in resistance against Verticillium dahliae. Conversely, its knockout mutant, ghmyb33, demonstrated growth restriction and concomitant augmentation of V. dahliae resistance. GhMYB33 was found to couple with the DELLA protein GhGAI1 and bind to the specific cis-elements of GhSPL9 and GhDFR1 promoters, thereby modulating internode elongation and plant resistance in V. dahliae infection. The ghr-miR319c was discovered to target and suppress GhMYB33 expression. The overexpression of ghr-miR319c led to enhanced plant resistance and a simultaneous reduction in plant height. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that GhMYB33 encodes a hub protein and controls the expression of GhSPL9 and GhDFR1, implicating a pivotal role for the miR319c-MYB33 module to regulate the trade-offs between plant growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Guang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ge Xiaoyang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wang Zhian
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Wang Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Wang Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Shi Linfang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wang Bingting
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhang Anhong
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Li Fuguang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio‑breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Wu Jiahe
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Ramulifho E, Rey C. A Coiled-Coil Nucleotide-Binding Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor Gene MeRPPL1 Plays a Role in the Replication of a Geminivirus in Cassava. Viruses 2024; 16:941. [PMID: 38932233 PMCID: PMC11209366 DOI: 10.3390/v16060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Disease resistance gene (R gene)-encoded nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) are critical players in plant host defence mechanisms because of their role as receptors that recognise pathogen effectors and trigger plant effector-triggered immunity (ETI). This study aimed to determine the putative role of a cassava coiled-coil (CC)-NLR (CNL) gene MeRPPL1 (Manes.12G091600) (single allele) located on chromosome 12 in the tolerance or susceptibility to South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV), one of the causal agents of cassava mosaic disease (CMD). A transient protoplast system was used to knock down the expression of MeRPPL1 by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9). The MeRPPL1-targeting CRISPR vectors and/or SACMV DNA A and DNA B infectious clones were used to transfect protoplasts isolated from leaf mesophyll cells from the SACMV-tolerant cassava (Manihot esculenta) cultivar TME3. The CRISPR/Cas9 silencing vector significantly reduced MeRPPL1 expression in protoplasts whether with or without SACMV co-infection. Notably, SACMV DNA A replication was higher in protoplasts with lower MeRPPL1 expression levels than in non-silenced protoplasts. Mutagenesis studies revealed that protoplast co-transfection with CRISPR-MeRPPL1 silencing vector + SACMV and transfection with only SACMV induced nucleotide substitution mutations that led to altered amino acids in the highly conserved MHD motif of the MeRPPL1-translated polypeptide. This may abolish or alter the regulatory role of the MHD motif in controlling R protein activity and could contribute to the increase in SACMV-DNA A accumulation observed in MeRPPL1-silenced protoplasts. The results herein demonstrate for the first time a role for a CNL gene in tolerance to a geminivirus in TME3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elelwani Ramulifho
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
- Germplasm Development, Agricultural Research Council, Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa
| | - Chrissie Rey
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa;
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Liu B, Han J, Zhang H, Li Y, An Y, Ji S, Liu Z. The regulatory pathway of transcription factor MYB36 from Trichoderma asperellum Tas653 resistant to poplar leaf blight pathogen Alternaria alternata Aal004. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127637. [PMID: 38382286 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In fungi, MYB transcription factors (TFs) mainly regulate growth, development, and resistance to stress. However, as major disease-resistance TFs, they have rarely been studied in biocontrol fungi. In this study, MYB36 of Trichoderma asperellum Tas653 (Ta) was shown to respond strongly to the stress caused by Alternaria alternata Aa1004. Compared with wild-type Ta (Ta-Wt), the inhibition rate of the MYB36 knockout strain (Ta-Kn) on Aa1004 decreased by 11.06%; the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities decreased by 82.15 U/g, 0.19 OD470/min/g, and 1631.2 μmol/min/g, respectively. The MYB36 overexpression strain (Ta-Oe) not only enhanced hyperparasitism on Aa1004, caused its hyphae to swell, deform, or even rupture, but also reduced the incidence rate of poplar leaf blight. MYB36 regulates downstream (TFs, detoxification genes, defense genes, and other antifungal-related genes by binding to the cis-acting elements "ACAT" and "ATCG". Zinc finger TFs, as the main antifungal TFs, account for 90% of the total TFs, and Zn37.5 (23.24-) and Zn83.7 (23.18-fold) showed the greatest expression difference when regulated directly by MYB36. The detoxification genes mainly comprised 11 major major facilitator superfamily (MFS) genes, among which MYB36 directly increased the expression levels of three genes by more than 2-3.44-fold. The defense genes mainly encoded cytochrome P450 (P450) and hydrolases. e.g., P45061.3 (2-10.95-), P45060.2 (2-7.07-), and Hyd44.6 (2-2.30-fold). This study revealed the molecular mechanism of MYB36 regulation of the resistance of T. asperellum to A. alternata and provides theoretical guidance for the biocontrol of poplar leaf blight and the anti-disease mechanism of biocontrol fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jing Han
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; Modern Agricultural Industry Research Institute of Henan Zhoukou National Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone, Zhoukou Normal University, Henan 466000, China
| | - Yuxiao Li
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yibo An
- National Forestry and Grassland National Reserve Forest Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Forestry Investment and Development Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Shida Ji
- Horticultural College of Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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10
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Romero-Rodríguez B, Petek M, Jiao C, Križnik M, Zagorščak M, Fei Z, Bejarano ER, Gruden K, Castillo AG. Transcriptional and epigenetic changes during tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in tomato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:651. [PMID: 38110861 PMCID: PMC10726652 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geminiviruses are DNA plant viruses that cause highly damaging diseases affecting crops worldwide. During the infection, geminiviruses hijack cellular processes, suppress plant defenses, and cause a massive reprogramming of the infected cells leading to major changes in the whole plant homeostasis. The advances in sequencing technologies allow the simultaneous analysis of multiple aspects of viral infection at a large scale, generating new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-virus interactions. However, an integrative study of the changes in the host transcriptome, small RNA profile and methylome during a geminivirus infection has not been performed yet. Using a time-scale approach, we aim to decipher the gene regulation in tomato in response to the infection with the geminivirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). RESULTS We showed that tomato undergoes substantial transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes upon TYLCV infection and identified the main altered regulatory pathways. Interestingly, although the principal plant defense-related processes, gene silencing and the immune response were induced, this cannot prevent the establishment of the infection. Moreover, we identified extra- and intracellular immune receptors as targets for the deregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) and established a network for those that also produced phased secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs). On the other hand, there were no significant genome-wide changes in tomato methylome at 14 days post infection, the time point at which the symptoms were general, and the amount of viral DNA had reached its maximum level, but we were able to identify differentially methylated regions that could be involved in the transcriptional regulation of some of the differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION We have conducted a comprehensive and reliable study on the changes at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels in tomato throughout TYLCV infection. The generated genomic information is substantial for understanding the genetic, molecular and physiological changes caused by TYLCV infection in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Romero-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM "La Mayora"), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMA-CSIC), Boulevard Louis Pasteur, 49, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Marko Petek
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Maja Križnik
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Zagorščak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo R Bejarano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM "La Mayora"), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMA-CSIC), Boulevard Louis Pasteur, 49, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Araceli G Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM "La Mayora"), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMA-CSIC), Boulevard Louis Pasteur, 49, Málaga, 29010, Spain.
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11
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Zhang W, Liu S, Xie G, Li X, Zhai Y, Lin W, Wu Z, Du Z, Zhang J. Size Restriction Is Required for Proper Functioning of a Bipartite Begomovirus AC4 Protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:774-778. [PMID: 37665597 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-23-0020-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Many geminiviruses, including members of the genus Begomovirus, produce a protein known as C4 or AC4. Whereas C4/AC4 typically consists of more than 80 amino acid residues, a few are much shorter. The significance of these shorter C4/AC4 proteins in viral infection and why the virus maintains their abbreviated length is not yet understood. The AC4 of the begomovirus Tomato leaf curl Hsinchu virus contains only 65 amino acids, but it extends to 96 amino acids when the natural termination codon is replaced with a normal codon. We discovered that both interrupting and extending AC4 were harmful to tomato leaf curl Hsinchu virus (ToLCHsV). The extended AC4 (EAC4) also showed a reduced ability to promote the infection of the heterologous virus Potato virus X than the wild-type AC4. When the wild-type AC4 was fused with yellow fluorescent protein (AC4-YFP), it was predominantly found in chloroplasts, whereas EAC4-YFP was mainly localized to the cell periphery. These results suggest that ToLCHsV's AC4 protein is important for viral infection, and the virus may benefit from the abbreviated length, because it may lead to chloroplast localization. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shunmin Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318020, China
| | - Guohui Xie
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiuyu Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yingying Zhai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenzhong Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zujian Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenguo Du
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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12
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Mei Y, Cai L, Wang Y, Li F, Yang X, Yang J, Zhou X. Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of an infectious clone of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus isolate infecting Cucumis melo. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:51. [PMID: 37994930 PMCID: PMC10667179 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a member of the genus Begomovirus, and causes devastating disease in the world. In recent years, ToLCNDV was rapidly spreading in China and induces severe economic losses in agriculture. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete genome of ToLCNDV isolates from melon plants showing leaf curling and stunting symptoms in Jiangsu Province of China. We constructed a full-length infectious cDNA clone of ToLCNDV, which could induce systemic infection with typical symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana, Citrullus melo, and Citrullus lanatus plants through agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. Further experimental evidence demonstrated that the virions produced in plants infected with the infectious clone of ToLCNDV are biologically active and sap-transmissible. We also evaluated the resistance of commercial melon cultivars to ToLCNDV and found all testing melon cultivars were susceptible to ToLCNDV. Collectively, the reverse genetic system developed herein will facilitate further research on biological functions of proteins encoded by ToLCNDV and plant-ToLCNDV interactions, which might provide new insights into breeding resistance germplasm in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lingmin Cai
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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13
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Ordaz NA, Nagalakshmi U, Boiteux LS, Atamian HS, Ullman DE, Dinesh-Kumar SP. The Sw-5b NLR Immune Receptor Induces Early Transcriptional Changes in Response to Thrips and Mechanical Modes of Inoculation of Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:705-715. [PMID: 37432156 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-23-0032-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The NLR (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat) class immune receptor Sw-5b confers resistance to Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV). Although Sw-5b is known to activate immunity upon recognition of the TSWV movement protein NSm, we know very little about the downstream events that lead to resistance. Here, we investigated the Sw-5b-mediated early transcriptomic changes that occur in response to mechanical and thrips-mediated inoculation of TSWV, using near-isogenic tomato lines CNPH-LAM 147 (Sw5b+/+) and Santa Clara (Sw-5b-/-). We observed earlier Sw-5b-mediated transcriptional changes in response to thrips-mediated inoculation compared with that in response to mechanical inoculation of TSWV. With thrips-mediated inoculation, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed at 12, 24, and 72 h postinoculation (hpi). Whereas with mechanical inoculation, DEGs were observed only at 72 hpi. Although some DEGs were shared between the two methods of inoculation, many DEGs were specific to either thrips-mediated or mechanical inoculation of TSWV. In response to thrips-mediated inoculation, an NLR immune receptor, cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase, G-type lectin S-receptor-like kinases, the ethylene response factor 1, and the calmodulin-binding protein 60 were induced. Fatty acid desaturase 2-9, cell death genes, DCL2b, RIPK/PBL14-like, ERF017, and WRKY75 were differentially expressed in response to mechanical inoculation. Our findings reveal Sw-5b responses specific to the method of TSWV inoculation. Although TSWV is transmitted in nature primarily by the thrips, Sw-5b responses to thrips inoculation have not been previously studied. Therefore, the DEGs we have identified in response to thrips-mediated inoculation provide a new foundation for understanding the mechanistic roles of these genes in the Sw-5b-mediated resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma A Ordaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Ugrappa Nagalakshmi
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Leonardo S Boiteux
- National Center for Vegetable Crops Research (CNPH), Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasilia-DF, Brazil
| | - Hagop S Atamian
- Biological Sciences program, Schmid College of Science & Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, U.S.A
| | - Diane E Ullman
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
- The Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
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14
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Piau M, Schmitt-Keichinger C. The Hypersensitive Response to Plant Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:2000. [PMID: 37896777 PMCID: PMC10612061 DOI: 10.3390/v15102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant proteins with domains rich in leucine repeats play important roles in detecting pathogens and triggering defense reactions, both at the cellular surface for pattern-triggered immunity and in the cell to ensure effector-triggered immunity. As intracellular parasites, viruses are mostly detected intracellularly by proteins with a nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeats but receptor-like kinases with leucine-rich repeats, known to localize at the cell surface, have also been involved in response to viruses. In the present review we report on the progress that has been achieved in the last decade on the role of these leucine-rich proteins in antiviral immunity, with a special focus on our current understanding of the hypersensitive response.
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15
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Ivanov PA, Gasanova TV, Repina MN, Zamyatnin AA. Signaling and Resistosome Formation in Plant Innate Immunity to Viruses: Is There a Common Mechanism of Antiviral Resistance Conserved across Kingdoms? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13625. [PMID: 37686431 PMCID: PMC10487714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-specific proteins, including coat proteins, movement proteins, replication proteins, and suppressors of RNA interference are capable of triggering the hypersensitive response (HR), which is a type of cell death in plants. The main cell death signaling pathway involves direct interaction of HR-inducing proteins with nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeats (NLR) proteins encoded by plant resistance genes. Singleton NLR proteins act as both sensor and helper. In other cases, NLR proteins form an activation network leading to their oligomerization and formation of membrane-associated resistosomes, similar to metazoan inflammasomes and apoptosomes. In resistosomes, coiled-coil domains of NLR proteins form Ca2+ channels, while toll-like/interleukin-1 receptor-type (TIR) domains form oligomers that display NAD+ glycohydrolase (NADase) activity. This review is intended to highlight the current knowledge on plant innate antiviral defense signaling pathways in an attempt to define common features of antiviral resistance across the kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Ivanov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (P.A.I.); (T.V.G.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Tatiana V. Gasanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (P.A.I.); (T.V.G.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Maria N. Repina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (P.A.I.); (T.V.G.); (M.N.R.)
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354340, Krasnodar Region, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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16
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Yang X, Fu T, Yu R, Zhang L, Yang Y, Xiao D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. miR159a modulates poplar resistance against different fungi and bacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107899. [PMID: 37494825 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Trees are inevitably attacked by different kinds of pathogens in their life. However, little is known about the regulatory factors in poplar response to different pathogen infections. MicroRNA159 (miR159) is a highly conserved microRNA (miRNA) in plants and regulates plant development and stress responses. Here, transgenic poplar overexpressing pto-miR159a (OX-159) showed antagonistic regulation mode to poplar stem disease caused by fungi Cytospora chrysosperma and bacteria Lonsdalea populi. OX-159 lines exhibited a higher susceptibility after inoculation with bacterium L. populi, whereas enhanced disease resistance to necrotrophic fungi C. chrysosperma compared with wild-type (WT) poplars. Intriguingly, further disease assay found that OX159 line rendered the poplar susceptible to hemi-biotrophic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioide, exhibiting larger necrosis and lower ROS accumulation than WT lines. Transcriptome analyses revealed that more down-regulated differentially expressed genes with disease-resistant domains in OX-159 line compared with WT line. Moreover, the central mediator NPR1 of salicylic acid (SA) pathway showed a decrease in expression level, while jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signal pathway marker genes ERF, as well as PR3, MPK3, and MPK6 genes showed an increase level in OX159-2 and OX159-5 compared with WT lines. Further spatio-temporal expression analysis revealed JA/ET signaling was involved in the dynamic response process to C. gloeosporioides in WT and OX159 lines. These results demonstrate that overexpression of pto-miR159a resulted in the crosstalk changes of the downstream hub genes, thereby controlling the disease resistance of poplars, which provides clues for understanding pto-miR159a role in coordinating poplar-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tiantian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Forestry Investigation and Planning Institute of Liaoning Province, Liaoning, 110122, China
| | - Yuzhang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - YuanYuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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17
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Sharma S, Sett S, Das T, Prasad A, Prasad M. Recent perspective of non-coding RNAs at the nexus of plant-pathogen interaction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107852. [PMID: 37356385 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In natural habitats, plants are exploited by pathogens in biotrophic or necrotrophic ways. Concurrently, plants have evolved their defense systems for rapid perception of pathogenic effectors and begin concerted cellular reprogramming pathways to confine the pathogens at the entry sites. During the reorganization of cellular signaling mechanisms following pathogen attack, non-coding RNAs serves an indispensable role either as a source of resistance or susceptibility. Besides the well-studied functions of non-coding RNAs related to plant development and abiotic stress responses, previous and recent discoveries have established that non-coding RNAs like miRNAs, siRNAs, lncRNAs and phasi-RNAs can fine tune plant defense responses by targeting various signaling pathways. In this review, recapitulation of previous reports associated with non-coding RNAs as a defense responder against virus, bacteria and fungus attacks and insightful discussion will lead us to conceive innovative ideas to fight against approaching threats of resistant breaking pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susmita Sett
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Tuhin Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ashish Prasad
- Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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Sun B, Shen Y, Chen S, Shi Z, Li H, Miao X. A novel transcriptional repressor complex MYB22-TOPLESS-HDAC1 promotes rice resistance to brown planthopper by repressing F3'H expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:720-738. [PMID: 37149887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) is the most destructive pest of rice. The MYB transcription factors are vital for rice immunity, but most are activators. Although MYB22 positively regulates rice resistance to BPH and has an EAR motif associated with active repression, it remains unclear whether it is a transcriptional repressor affecting rice-BPH interaction. Genetic analyses revealed that MYB22 regulates rice resistance to BPH via its EAR motif. Several biochemical experiments (e.g. transient transcription assay, Y2H, LCA, and BiFC) indicated that MYB22 is a transcriptional repressor that interacts with the corepressor TOPLESS via its EAR motif and recruits HDAC1 to form a tripartite complex. Flavonoid-3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) is a flavonoid biosynthesis pathway-related gene that negatively regulates rice resistance to BPH. Based on a bioinformatics analysis and the results of EMSA and transient transcription assays, MYB22 can bind directly to the F3'H promoter and repress gene expression along with TOPLESS and HDAC1. We revealed a transcriptional regulatory mechanism influencing the rice-BPH interaction that differs from previously reported mechanisms. Specifically, MYB22-TOPLESS-HDAC1 is a novel transcriptional repressor complex with components that synergistically and positively regulate rice resistance to BPH through the transcriptional repression of F3'H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanjie Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Su Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenying Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Haichao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuexia Miao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
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Liu G, Liu F, Zhang D, Zhao T, Yang H, Jiang J, Li J, Zhang H, Xu X. Integrating omics reveals that miRNA-guided genetic regulation on plant hormone level and defense response pathways shape resistance to Cladosporium fulvum in the tomato Cf-10-gene-carrying line. Front Genet 2023; 14:1158631. [PMID: 37303956 PMCID: PMC10248068 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1158631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion of C. fulvum causes the most serious diseases affecting the reproduction of tomatoes. Cf-10-gene-carrying line showed remarkable resistance to Cladosporium fulvum. To exploit its defense response mechanism, we performed a multiple-omics profiling of Cf-10-gene-carrying line and a susceptible line without carrying any resistance genes at non-inoculation and 3 days post-inoculation (dpi) of C. fulvum. We detected 54 differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between the non-inoculation and 3 dpi in the Cf-10-gene-carrying line, which potentially regulated plant-pathogen interaction pathways and hormone signaling pathways. We also revealed 3,016 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the non-inoculated and 3 dpi in the Cf-10-gene-carrying line whose functions enriched in pathways that were potentially regulated by the DE-miRNAs. Integrating DE-miRNAs, gene expression and plant-hormone metabolites indicated a regulation network where the downregulation of miRNAs at 3 dpi activated crucial resistance genes to trigger host hypersensitive cell death, improved hormone levels and upregulated the receptors/critical responsive transcription factors (TFs) of plant hormones, to shape immunity to the pathogen. Notably, our transcriptome, miRNA and hormone metabolites profiling and qPCR analysis suggested that that the downregulation of miR9472 potentially upregulated the expression of SAR Deficient 1 (SARD1), a key regulator for ICS1 (Isochorismate Synthase 1) induction and salicylic acid (SA) synthesis, to improve the level of SA in the Cf-10-gene-carrying line. Our results exploited potential regulatory network and new pathways underlying the resistance to C. fulvum in Cf-10-gene-carrying line, providing a more comprehensive genetic circuit and valuable gene targets for modulating resistance to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Liu
- College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengjiao Liu
- College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Dongye Zhang
- College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huanhuan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingbin Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingfu Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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20
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Majumdar A, Sharma A, Belludi R. Natural and Engineered Resistance Mechanisms in Plants against Phytoviruses. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040619. [PMID: 37111505 PMCID: PMC10143959 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, rely exclusively on host machinery to complete their life cycle. Whether a virus is pathogenic or not depends on the balance between the mechanisms used by both plants and viruses during the intense encounter. Antiviral defence mechanisms in plants can be of two types, i.e., natural resistance and engineered resistance. Innate immunity, RNA silencing, translational repression, autophagy-mediated degradation, and resistance to virus movement are the possible natural defence mechanisms against viruses in plants, whereas engineered resistance includes pathogen-derived resistance along with gene editing technologies. The incorporation of various resistance genes through breeding programmes, along with gene editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas technologies, holds great promise in developing virus-resistant plants. In this review, different resistance mechanisms against viruses in plants along with reported resistance genes in major vegetable crops are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Majumdar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Belludi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
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21
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Tatineni S, Hein GL. Plant Viruses of Agricultural Importance: Current and Future Perspectives of Virus Disease Management Strategies. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:117-141. [PMID: 36095333 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-22-0167-rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses cause significant losses in agricultural crops worldwide, affecting the yield and quality of agricultural products. The emergence of novel viruses or variants through genetic evolution and spillover from reservoir host species, changes in agricultural practices, mixed infections with disease synergism, and impacts from global warming pose continuous challenges for the management of epidemics resulting from emerging plant virus diseases. This review describes some of the most devastating virus diseases plus select virus diseases with regional importance in agriculturally important crops that have caused significant yield losses. The lack of curative measures for plant virus infections prompts the use of risk-reducing measures for managing plant virus diseases. These measures include exclusion, avoidance, and eradication techniques, along with vector management practices. The use of sensitive, high throughput, and user-friendly diagnostic methods is crucial for defining preventive and management strategies against plant viruses. The advent of next-generation sequencing technologies has great potential for detecting unknown viruses in quarantine samples. The deployment of genetic resistance in crop plants is an effective and desirable method of managing virus diseases. Several dominant and recessive resistance genes have been used to manage virus diseases in crops. Recently, RNA-based technologies such as dsRNA- and siRNA-based RNA interference, microRNA, and CRISPR/Cas9 provide transgenic and nontransgenic approaches for developing virus-resistant crop plants. Importantly, the topical application of dsRNA, hairpin RNA, and artificial microRNA and trans-active siRNA molecules on plants has the potential to develop GMO-free virus disease management methods. However, the long-term efficacy and acceptance of these new technologies, especially transgenic methods, remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Tatineni
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Gary L Hein
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
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22
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The rising threat of geminiviruses: molecular insights into the disease mechanism and mitigation strategies. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3835-3848. [PMID: 36701042 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geminiviruses are among the most threatening emerging plant viruses, accountable for a huge loss to agricultural production worldwide. These viruses have been responsible for some serious outbreaks during the last few decades across different parts of the world. Sincere efforts have been made to regulate the disease incidence by incorporating a multi-dimensional approach, and this process has been facilitated greatly by the advent of molecular techniques. But, the mixed infection due to the polyphagous nature of vectors results in viral recombination followed by the emergence of novel viral strains which thus renders the existing mitigation strategies ineffective. Hence, a multifaceted insight into the molecular mechanism of the disease is really needed to understand the regulatory points; much has been done in this direction during the last few years. The present review aims to explore all the latest developments made so far and to organize the information in a comprehensive manner so that some novel hypotheses for controlling the disease may be generated. METHODS AND RESULTS Starting with the background information, diverse genera of geminiviruses are listed along with their pathological and economic impacts. A comprehensive and detailed mechanism of infection is elaborated to study the interactions between vector, host, and virus at different stages in the life cycle of geminiviruses. Finally, an effort isalso made to analyze the progress made at the molecular level for the development of various mitigation strategies and suggest more effective and better approaches for controlling the disease. CONCLUSION The study has provided a thorough understanding of molecular mechanism of geminivirus infection.
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23
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Maurya D, Mukherjee A, Bhagyashree, Sangam S, Kumar R, Akhtar S, Chattopadhyay T. Marker assisted stacking of Ty3, Mi1.2 and Ph3 resistance alleles for leaf curl, root knot and late blight diseases in tomato. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:121-129. [PMID: 36733841 PMCID: PMC9886699 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing multiple disease resistance through naturally available host resistance alleles is a challenging as well as rewarding area of research. Availability of host resistance alleles and the reliability of their identification through diagnostic molecular markers have paved the way for stacking of these resistance alleles for developing important genetic resources in tomato. Here we report the marker assisted stacking of Ty3, Mi1.2 and Ph3 alleles, governing leaf curl, root knot and late blight disease resistance, respectively, in superior F4 segregants of tomato derived from two diverse parents (i.e., BRDT-1 and H-88-78-1). Marker assisted selection was applied only on morphologically superior segregants at F2 and F3 generations, which helped us in identifying suitable lines even from a relatively small population. The diagnostic values of the employed molecular markers advocate that the identified superior segregants, carrying all the three aforementioned resistance alleles in homozygous condition, are suitable to be explored as valuable genetic resources for developing multiple disease resistance through rapid introgression of these genes in different genetic background of tomato. Identification of suitable segregants derived from these lines should be promising for obtaining improved cultivars in near future. Nevertheless, these lines might be further explored to decipher the intrinsic details of host's resistance mechanism involving genetic interactions between different resistance factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01277-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Maurya
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Bhagyashree
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Surabhi Sangam
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Randhir Kumar
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Shirin Akhtar
- Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
| | - Tirthartha Chattopadhyay
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bihar Agricultural College, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar 813210 India
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24
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Sett S, Prasad A, Prasad M. Resistance genes on the verge of plant-virus interaction. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1242-1252. [PMID: 35902346 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are acellular pathogens that cause severe infections in plants, resulting in worldwide crop losses every year. The lack of chemical agents to control viral diseases exacerbates the situation. Thus, to devise proper management strategies, it is important that the defense mechanisms of plants against viruses are understood. Resistance (R) genes regulate plant defense against invading pathogens by eliciting a hypersensitive response (HR). Compatible interaction between plant R gene and viral avirulence (Avr) protein activates the necrotic cell death response at the site of infection, resulting in the cessation of disease. Here, we review different aspects of R gene-mediated dominant resistance against plant viruses in dicotyledonous plants and possible ways for developing crops with better disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sett
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashish Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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25
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Tomato MicroRNAs and Their Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911979. [PMID: 36233279 PMCID: PMC9569937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) define an essential class of non-coding small RNAs that function as posttranscriptional modulators of gene expression. They are coded by MIR genes, several hundreds of which exist in the genomes of Arabidopsis and rice model plants. The functional analysis of Arabidopsis and rice miRNAs indicate that their miRNAs regulate a wide range of processes including development, reproduction, metabolism, and stress. Tomato serves as a major model crop for the study of fleshy fruit development and ripening but until recently, information on the identity of its MIR genes and their coded miRNAs was limited and occasionally contradictory. As a result, the majority of tomato miRNAs remained uncharacterized. Recently, a comprehensive annotation of tomato MIR genes has been carried out by several labs and us. In this review, we curate and organize the resulting partially overlapping MIR annotations into an exhaustive and non-redundant atlas of tomato MIR genes. There are 538 candidate and validated MIR genes in the atlas, of which, 169, 18, and 351 code for highly conserved, Solanaceae-specific, and tomato-specific miRNAs, respectively. Furthermore, a critical review of functional studies on tomato miRNAs is presented, highlighting validated and possible functions, creating a useful resource for future tomato miRNA research.
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26
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Prasad A, Prasad M. Interaction of ToLCNDV TrAP with SlATG8f marks it susceptible to degradation by autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:241. [PMID: 35428912 PMCID: PMC11072827 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a devastating plant pathogen which causes significant losses in tomato yield. According to previous reports, proteins of geminiviruses like βC1 of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus and C1 of Tomato leaf curl Yunnan virus are degraded by the autophagy pathway. There are no reports on the role of autophagy in ToLCNDV pathogenesis. In this study, we have shown that SlATG8f interacts with the ToLCNDV Transcription activator protein (TrAP; AC2) to mediate its degradation by the autophagy pathway. Silencing of SlATG8f in a ToLCNDV tolerant tomato cultivar; H-88-78-1 resulted in enhanced viral symptoms and ToLCNDV accumulation suggesting an anti-viral role for SlATG8f against ToLCNDV. TrAP is a nucleus localized protein, but it interacts with SlATG8f in and outside the nucleus indicating its nuclear export. This export might be mediated by Exportin1 as treatment with Exportin1 inhibitor inhibits TrAP export outside the nucleus. ToLCNDV TrAP is known to possess host RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity. Degradation of TrAP results in the attenuation of its RSS activity. To the best of our knowledge, we have shown for the first time that SlATG8f-TrAP interaction leads to TrAP degradation providing defence against ToLCNDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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27
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Role of the Sw5 Gene Cluster in the Fight against Plant Viruses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0208421. [PMID: 34985996 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02084-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sw5 gene cluster furnishes robust resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato, which has led to its widespread applicability in agriculture. Among the five orthologs, Sw5b functions as a resistance gene against a broad-spectrum tospovirus and is linked with tospovirus resistance. However, its paralog Sw5a has been recently implicated in providing resistance against Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, broadening the relevance of the Sw5 gene cluster in promoting defense against plant viruses. We propose that plants have established modifications within the homologs of R genes that permit identification of different effector proteins and provide broad and robust resistance against different pathogens through activation of the hypersensitive response and cell death.
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28
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Devendran R, Namgial T, Reddy KK, Kumar M, Zarreen F, Chakraborty S. Insights into the multifunctional roles of geminivirus-encoded proteins in pathogenesis. Arch Virol 2022; 167:307-326. [PMID: 35079902 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Geminiviruses are a major threat to agriculture in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Geminiviruses have small genome with limited coding capacity. Despite this limitation, these viruses have mastered hijacking the host cellular metabolism for their survival. To compensate for the small size of their genome, geminiviruses encode multifunctional proteins. In addition, geminiviruses associate themselves with satellite DNA molecules which also encode proteins that support the virus in establishing successful infection. Geminiviral proteins recruit multiple host factors, suppress the host defense, and manipulate host metabolism to establish infection. We have updated the knowledge accumulated about the proteins of geminiviruses and their satellites in the context of pathogenesis in a single review. We also discuss their interactions with host factors to provide a mechanistic understanding of the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragunathan Devendran
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Tsewang Namgial
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kishore Kumar Reddy
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Fauzia Zarreen
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Supriya Chakraborty
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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29
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Prasad A, Sharma N, Chirom O, Prasad M. The sly-miR166-SlyHB module acts as a susceptibility factor during ToLCNDV infection. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:233-242. [PMID: 34636959 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of miRNAs during viral pathogenesis is poorly understood in plants. Here, we demonstrate a miRNA/target module that acts as a susceptibility factor during ToLCNDV infection. Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) is a devastating pathogen that causes huge crop loss. It is spreading to new geographical locations at a very rapid rate-raising serious concerns. Evolution of insecticidal resistance in Bemisia tabaci which acts as the carrier for ToLCNDV has made insect control very difficult in the recent years. Thus, it is important that the host molecular mechanisms associated with ToLCNDV resistance/susceptibility are investigated to develop management strategies. In our study, we have identified that sly-miR166/SlyHB module acts as a susceptibility factor to ToLCNDV in Solanum lycopersicum. Sly-miR166 is differentially regulated upon ToLCNDV infection in two contrasting tomato cultivars; H-88-78-1 (tolerant to ToLCNDV) and Punjab Chhuhara (susceptible to ToLCNDV). Expression analysis of predicted sly-miR166 targets revealed that the expression of SlyHB is negatively correlated with its corresponding miRNA. Virus-induced gene silencing of SlyHB in the susceptible tomato cultivar resulted in the decrease in disease severity suggesting that SlyHB is a negative regulator of plant defence. In summary, our study highlights a miRNA/target module that acts as a susceptibility factor during ToLCNDV infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that highlights the role of sly-miR166/SlyHB module in ToLCNDV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Oceania Chirom
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India.
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30
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Nagar P, Sharma N, Jain M, Sharma G, Prasad M, Mustafiz A. OsPSKR15, a phytosulfokine receptor from rice enhances abscisic acid response and drought stress tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13569. [PMID: 34549425 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a major phytohormone that acts as stimuli and plays an important role in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) help to detect extracellular stimuli and activate downstream signaling responses to modulate a variety of biological processes. Phytosulfokine receptor (PSKR), a Leu-rich repeat (LRR)-RLK, has been characterized for its role in growth, development and biotic stress. Here, we observed that OsPSKR15, a rice PSKR, was upregulated by ABA in Oryza sativa. We demonstrated OsPSKR15 is a positive regulator in plant response to ABA. Ectopic expression of OsPSKR15 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the sensitivity to ABA during germination, growth and stomatal closure. Consistently, the expression of ABA-inducible genes was significantly upregulated in these plants. OsPSKR15 also regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated ABA signaling in guard cells, thereby governing stomatal closure. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of OsPSKR15 enhanced drought tolerance by reducing the transpirational water loss in Arabidopsis. We also reported that OsPSKR15 directly interacts with AtPYL9 and its orthologue OsPYL11 of rice through its kinase domain in the plasma membrane and nucleus. Altogether, these results reveal an important role of OsPSKR15 in plant response toward abiotic stress in an ABA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Nagar
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Namisha Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Muskan Jain
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Gauri Sharma
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Prasad
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananda Mustafiz
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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Sáez C, Flores-León A, Montero-Pau J, Sifres A, Dhillon NPS, López C, Picó B. RNA-Seq Transcriptome Analysis Provides Candidate Genes for Resistance to Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus in Melon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:798858. [PMID: 35116050 PMCID: PMC8805612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.798858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) emerged in the Mediterranean Basin in 2012 as the first DNA bipartite begomovirus (Geminiviridae family), causing severe yield and economic losses in cucurbit crops. A major resistance locus was identified in the wild melon accession WM-7 (Cucumis melo kachri group), but the mechanisms involved in the resistant response remained unknown. In this work, we used RNA-sequencing to identify disease-associated genes that are differentially expressed in the course of ToLCNDV infection and could contribute to resistance. Transcriptomes of the resistant WM-7 genotype and the susceptible cultivar Piñonet Piel de Sapo (PS) (C. melo ibericus group) in ToLCNDV and mock inoculated plants were compared at four time points during infection (0, 3, 6, and 12 days post inoculation). Different gene expression patterns were observed over time in the resistant and susceptible genotypes in comparison to their respective controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ToLCNDV-infected plants were classified using gene ontology (GO) terms, and genes of the categories transcription, DNA replication, and helicase activity were downregulated in WM-7 but upregulated in PS, suggesting that reduced activity of these functions reduces ToLCNDV replication and intercellular spread and thereby contributes to resistance. DEGs involved in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, photosynthesis, RNA silencing, transmembrane, and sugar transporters entail adverse consequences for systemic infection in the resistant genotype, and lead to susceptibility in PS. The expression levels of selected candidate genes were validated by qRT-PCR to corroborate their differential expression upon ToLCNDV infection in resistant and susceptible melon. Furthermore, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with an effect on structural functionality of DEGs linked to the main QTLs for ToLCNDV resistance have been identified. The obtained results pinpoint cellular functions and candidate genes that are differentially expressed in a resistant and susceptible melon line in response to ToLCNDV, an information of great relevance for breeding ToLCNDV-resistant melon cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sáez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Cristina Sáez,
| | - Alejandro Flores-León
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Sifres
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Narinder P. S. Dhillon
- World Vegetable Center, East and Southeast Asia, Research and Training Station, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Carmelo López
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Carmelo López,
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Belén Picó,
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