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Chien CT, Puhl H, Vogel SS, Molloy JE, Chiu W, Khan S. Hub stability in the calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Commun Biol 2024; 7:766. [PMID: 38918547 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The calcium calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multi-subunit ring assembly with a central hub formed by the association domains. There is evidence for hub polymorphism between and within CaMKII isoforms, but the link between polymorphism and subunit exchange has not been resolved. Here, we present near-atomic resolution cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures revealing that hubs from the α and β isoforms, either standalone or within an β holoenzyme, coexist as 12 and 14 subunit assemblies. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy of Venus-tagged holoenzymes detects intermediate assemblies and progressive dimer loss due to intrinsic holoenzyme lability, and holoenzyme disassembly into dimers upon mutagenesis of a conserved inter-domain contact. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show the flexibility of 4-subunit precursors, extracted in-silico from the β hub polymorphs, encompassing the curvature of both polymorphs. The MD explains how an open hub structure also obtained from the β holoenzyme sample could be created by dimer loss and analysis of its cryo-EM dataset reveals how the gap could open further. An assembly model, considering dimer concentration dependence and strain differences between polymorphs, proposes a mechanism for intrinsic hub lability to fine-tune the stoichiometry of αβ heterooligomers for their dynamic localization within synapses in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ta Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Henry Puhl
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institutes on Alcohol, Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 208952, USA
| | - Steven S Vogel
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Quantum Biology, National Institutes on Alcohol, Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 208952, USA
| | - Justin E Molloy
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- CMCB, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- CryoEM and Bioimaging Division, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Shahid Khan
- Molecular Biology Consortium @ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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2
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Andersen JV, Westi EW, Griem-Krey N, Skotte NH, Schousboe A, Aldana BI, Wellendorph P. Deletion of CaMKIIα disrupts glucose metabolism, glutamate uptake, and synaptic energetics in the cerebral cortex. J Neurochem 2024; 168:704-718. [PMID: 36949663 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) is a key regulator of neuronal signaling and synaptic plasticity. Synaptic activity and neurotransmitter homeostasis are closely coupled to the energy metabolism of both neurons and astrocytes. However, whether CaMKIIα function is implicated in brain energy and neurotransmitter metabolism remains unclear. Here, we explored the metabolic consequences of CaMKIIα deletion in the cerebral cortex using a genetic CaMKIIα knockout (KO) mouse. Energy and neurotransmitter metabolism was functionally investigated in acutely isolated cerebral cortical slices using stable 13C isotope tracing, whereas the metabolic function of synaptosomes was assessed by the rates of glycolytic activity and mitochondrial respiration. The oxidative metabolism of [U-13C]glucose was extensively reduced in cerebral cortical slices of the CaMKIIα KO mice. In contrast, metabolism of [1,2-13C]acetate, primarily reflecting astrocyte metabolism, was unaffected. Cellular uptake, and subsequent metabolism, of [U-13C]glutamate was decreased in cerebral cortical slices of CaMKIIα KO mice, whereas uptake and metabolism of [U-13C]GABA were unaffected, suggesting selective metabolic impairments of the excitatory system. Synaptic metabolic function was maintained during resting conditions in isolated synaptosomes from CaMKIIα KO mice, but both the glycolytic and mitochondrial capacities became insufficient when the synaptosomes were metabolically challenged. Collectively, this study shows that global deletion of CaMKIIα significantly impairs cellular energy and neurotransmitter metabolism, particularly of neurons, suggesting a metabolic role of CaMKIIα signaling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens V Andersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil W Westi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nane Griem-Krey
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H Skotte
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Jia J, Jiao W, Wang G, Wu J, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Drugs/agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke: Advances and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:975-1012. [PMID: 38126568 DOI: 10.1002/med.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) poses a significant threat to global human health and life. In recent decades, we have witnessed unprecedented progresses against IS, including thrombolysis, thrombectomy, and a few medicines that can assist in reopening the blocked brain vessels or serve as standalone treatments for patients who are not eligible for thrombolysis/thrombectomy therapies. However, the narrow time windows of thrombolysis/thrombectomy, coupled with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, as well as the lack of highly effective and safe medications, continue to present big challenges in the acute treatment and long-term recovery of IS. In the past 3 years, several excellent articles have reviewed pathophysiology of IS and therapeutic medicines for the treatment of IS based on the pathophysiology. Regretfully, there is no comprehensive overview to summarize all categories of anti-IS drugs/agents designed and synthesized based on molecular mechanisms of IS pathophysiology. From medicinal chemistry view of point, this article reviews a multitude of anti-IS drugs/agents, including small molecule compounds, natural products, peptides, and others, which have been developed based on the molecular mechanism of IS pathophysiology, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative/nitrosative stresses, cell death pathways, and neuroinflammation, and so forth. In addition, several emerging medicines and strategies, including nanomedicines, stem cell therapy and noncoding RNAs, which recently appeared for the treatment of IS, are shortly introduced. Finally, the perspectives on the associated challenges and future directions of anti-IS drugs/agents are briefly provided to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Brown CN, Bayer KU. Studying CaMKII: Tools and standards. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113982. [PMID: 38517893 PMCID: PMC11088445 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous mediator of cellular Ca2+ signals with both enzymatic and structural functions. Here, we briefly introduce the complex regulation of CaMKII and then provide a comprehensive overview of the expanding toolbox to study CaMKII. Beyond a variety of distinct mutants, these tools now include optical methods for measurement and manipulation, with the latter including light-induced inhibition, stimulation, and sequestration. Perhaps most importantly, there are now three mechanistically distinct classes of specific CaMKII inhibitors, and their combined use enables the interrogation of CaMKII functions in a manner that is powerful and sophisticated yet also accessible. This review aims to provide guidelines for the interpretation of the results obtained with these tools, with careful consideration of their direct and indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Nicole Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Karl Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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5
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Özden C, MacManus S, Adafia R, Samkutty A, Torres‐Ocampo AP, Garman SC, Stratton MM. Ca2+/CaM dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)α and CaMKIIβ hub domains adopt distinct oligomeric states and stabilities. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4960. [PMID: 38501502 PMCID: PMC10962473 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multidomain serine/threonine kinase that plays important roles in the brain, heart, muscle tissue, and eggs/sperm. The N-terminal kinase and regulatory domain is connected by a flexible linker to the C-terminal hub domain. The hub domain drives the oligomeric organization of CaMKII, assembling the kinase domains into high local concentration. Previous structural studies have shown multiple stoichiometries of the holoenzyme as well as the hub domain alone. Here, we report a comprehensive study of the hub domain stoichiometry and stability in solution. We solved two crystal structures of the CaMKIIβ hub domain that show 14-mer (3.1 Å) and 16-mer (3.4 Å) assemblies. Both crystal structures were determined from crystals grown in the same drop, which suggests that CaMKII oligomers with different stoichiometries likely coexist. To further interrogate hub stability, we employed mass photometry and temperature denaturation studies of CaMKIIβ and CaMKIIα hubs, which highlight major differences between these highly similar domains. We created a dimeric CaMKIIβ hub unit using rational mutagenesis, which is significantly less stable than the oligomer. Both hub domains populate an intermediate during unfolding. We found that multiple CaMKIIβ hub stoichiometries are present in solution and that larger oligomers are more stable. CaMKIIα had a narrower distribution of molecular weight and was distinctly more stable than CaMKIIβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Özden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sara MacManus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ruth Adafia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alfred Samkutty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ana P. Torres‐Ocampo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Scott C. Garman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
| | - Margaret M. Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMassachusettsUSA
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6
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Uusi-Oukari M, Korpi ER. GABAergic mechanisms in alcohol dependence. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 175:75-123. [PMID: 38555121 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The target of alcohol's effect on the central nervous system has been sought for more than 50 years in the brain's GABA system. The behavioral and emotional effects of alcohol in humans and rodents are very similar to those of barbiturates and benzodiazepines, and GABAA receptors have been shown to be one of the sites of alcohol action. The mechanisms of GABAergic inhibition have been a hotspot of research but have turned out to be complex and controversial. Genetics support the involvement of some GABAA receptor subunits in the development of alcohol dependence and in alcohol use disorders (AUD). Since the effect of alcohol on the GABAA system resembles that of a GABAergic positive modulator, it may be possible to develop GABAergic drug treatments that could substitute for alcohol. The adaptation mechanisms of the GABA system and the plasticity of the brain are a big challenge for drug development: the drugs that act on GABAA receptors developed so far also may cause adaptation and development of additional addiction. Human polymorphisms should be studied further to get insight about how they affect receptor function, expression or other factors to make reasonable predictions/hypotheses about what non-addictive interventions would help in alcohol dependence and AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Uusi-Oukari
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Esa R Korpi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Ko T, Jou C, Grau-Perales AB, Reynders M, Fenton AA, Trauner D. Photoactivated Protein Degrader for Optical Control of Synaptic Function. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3704-3713. [PMID: 37712589 PMCID: PMC10557063 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of proteins determine the function of synapses, and synapses define the neuronal circuits that subserve myriad brain, cognitive, and behavioral functions. It is thus necessary to precisely manipulate specific proteins at specific sub-cellular locations and times to elucidate the roles of particular proteins and synapses in brain function. We developed PHOtochemically TArgeting Chimeras (PHOTACs) as a strategy to optically degrade specific proteins with high spatial and temporal precision. PHOTACs are small molecules that, upon wavelength-selective illumination, catalyze ubiquitylation and degradation of target proteins through endogenous proteasomes. Here, we describe the design and chemical properties of a PHOTAC that targets Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα), which is abundant and crucial for the baseline synaptic function of excitatory neurons. We validate the PHOTAC strategy, showing that the CaMKIIα-PHOTAC is effective in mouse brain tissue. Light activation of CaMKIIα-PHOTAC removed CaMKIIα from regions of the mouse hippocampus only within 25 μm of the illuminated brain surface. The optically controlled degradation decreases synaptic function within minutes of light activation, measured by the light-initiated attenuation of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) responses to physiological stimulation. The PHOTACs methodology should be broadly applicable to other key proteins implicated in synaptic function, especially for evaluating their precise roles in the maintenance of long-term potentiation and memory within subcellular dendritic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongil Ko
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Claudia Jou
- Department
of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | | | - Martin Reynders
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - André A. Fenton
- Center
for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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8
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Kilduff TS. The mystery of gamma-hydoxybutyrate efficacy in narcolepsy type 1. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad156. [PMID: 37260387 PMCID: PMC10485562 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Kilduff
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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9
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Momma TY, Kuhnle GGC, Fong RY, Ensunsa JL, Crozier A, Schroeter H, Ottaviani JI. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-Valerolactone Is a Substrate for Human Paraoxonase: A Novel Pathway in Flavan-3-ol Metabolism. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300281. [PMID: 37423968 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary flavan-3-ols are known to mediate cardiovascular benefits. Currently, it is assumed that the levels of flavan-3-ol catabolites detected in humans, 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (γVL) and 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valeric acid (γVA), and their corresponding phase II metabolites, are determined exclusively by the action of the gut microbiome. However, a family of human proteins, paraoxonase (PON), can theoretically hydrolyze γVL metabolites into the corresponding γVAs. This study aims to determine if PON is involved in γVL and γVA metabolism in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS A rapid conversion of γVL into γVA is detected in serum ex vivo (half-life = 9.8 ± 0.3 min) that is catalyzed by PON1 and PON3 isoforms. Phase II metabolites of γVL are also reacted with PON in serum. Following an intake of flavan-3-ol in healthy males (n = 13), the profile of γVA metabolites detected is consistent with that predicted from the reactivity of γVL metabolites with PON in serum. Furthermore, common PON polymorphisms are evaluated to assess the use of γVL metabolites as biomarkers of flavan-3-ol intake. CONCLUSION PONs are involved in flavan-3-ol metabolic pathway in humans. PON polymorphisms have a minor contribution to inter-individual differences in the levels of γVL metabolites, without affecting their use as a nutritional biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Y Momma
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gunter G C Kuhnle
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG56 6DX, UK
| | - Reedmond Y Fong
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jodi L Ensunsa
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Lučić I, Héluin L, Jiang PL, Castro Scalise AG, Wang C, Franz A, Heyd F, Wahl MC, Liu F, Plested AJR. CaMKII autophosphorylation can occur between holoenzymes without subunit exchange. eLife 2023; 12:e86090. [PMID: 37566455 PMCID: PMC10468207 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The dodecameric protein kinase CaMKII is expressed throughout the body. The alpha isoform is responsible for synaptic plasticity and participates in memory through its phosphorylation of synaptic proteins. Its elaborate subunit organization and propensity for autophosphorylation allow it to preserve neuronal plasticity across space and time. The prevailing hypothesis for the spread of CaMKII activity, involving shuffling of subunits between activated and naive holoenzymes, is broadly termed subunit exchange. In contrast to the expectations of previous work, we found little evidence for subunit exchange upon activation, and no effect of restraining subunits to their parent holoenzymes. Rather, mass photometry, crosslinking mass spectrometry, single molecule TIRF microscopy and biochemical assays identify inter-holoenzyme phosphorylation (IHP) as the mechanism for spreading phosphorylation. The transient, activity-dependent formation of groups of holoenzymes is well suited to the speed of neuronal activity. Our results place fundamental limits on the activation mechanism of this kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Lučić
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Léonie Héluin
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Pin-Lian Jiang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Alejandro G Castro Scalise
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Cong Wang
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Franz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Florian Heyd
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Macromolecular CrystallographyBerlinGermany
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Andrew JR Plested
- Institute of Biology, Cellular Biophysics, Humboldt Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologieBerlinGermany
- NeuroCure, Charité UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany
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11
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Ameen SS, Griem-Krey N, Dufour A, Hossain MI, Hoque A, Sturgeon S, Nandurkar H, Draxler DF, Medcalf RL, Kamaruddin MA, Lucet IS, Leeming MG, Liu D, Dhillon A, Lim JP, Basheer F, Zhu HJ, Bokhari L, Roulston CL, Paradkar PN, Kleifeld O, Clarkson AN, Wellendorph P, Ciccotosto GD, Williamson NA, Ang CS, Cheng HC. N-Terminomic Changes in Neurons During Excitotoxicity Reveal Proteolytic Events Associated With Synaptic Dysfunctions and Potential Targets for Neuroprotection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100543. [PMID: 37030595 PMCID: PMC10199228 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity, a neuronal death process in neurological disorders such as stroke, is initiated by the overstimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Although dysregulation of proteolytic signaling networks is critical for excitotoxicity, the identity of affected proteins and mechanisms by which they induce neuronal cell death remain unclear. To address this, we used quantitative N-terminomics to identify proteins modified by proteolysis in neurons undergoing excitotoxic cell death. We found that most proteolytically processed proteins in excitotoxic neurons are likely substrates of calpains, including key synaptic regulatory proteins such as CRMP2, doublecortin-like kinase I, Src tyrosine kinase and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIβ (CaMKIIβ). Critically, calpain-catalyzed proteolytic processing of these proteins generates stable truncated fragments with altered activities that potentially contribute to neuronal death by perturbing synaptic organization and function. Blocking calpain-mediated proteolysis of one of these proteins, Src, protected against neuronal loss in a rat model of neurotoxicity. Extrapolation of our N-terminomic results led to the discovery that CaMKIIα, an isoform of CaMKIIβ, undergoes differential processing in mouse brains under physiological conditions and during ischemic stroke. In summary, by identifying the neuronal proteins undergoing proteolysis during excitotoxicity, our findings offer new insights into excitotoxic neuronal death mechanisms and reveal potential neuroprotective targets for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sadia Ameen
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nane Griem-Krey
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antoine Dufour
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - M Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashfaqul Hoque
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sharelle Sturgeon
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harshal Nandurkar
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dominik F Draxler
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert L Medcalf
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohd Aizuddin Kamaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabelle S Lucet
- Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael G Leeming
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dazhi Liu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amardeep Dhillon
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jet Phey Lim
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Faiza Basheer
- Faculty of Health, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laita Bokhari
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carli L Roulston
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prasad N Paradkar
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, East Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oded Kleifeld
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andrew N Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe D Ciccotosto
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Heung-Chin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Saha S, Özden C, Samkutty A, Russi S, Cohen A, Stratton MM, Perry SL. Polymer-based microfluidic device for on-chip counter-diffusive crystallization and in situ X-ray crystallography at room temperature. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2075-2090. [PMID: 36942575 PMCID: PMC10631519 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01194h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are long chains of amino acid residues that perform a myriad of functions in living organisms, including enzymatic reactions, signalling, and maintaining structural integrity. Protein function is determined directly by the protein structure. X-ray crystallography is the primary technique for determining the 3D structure of proteins, and facilitates understanding the effects of protein structure on function. The first step towards structure determination is crystallizing the protein of interest. We have developed a centrifugally-actuated microfluidic device that incorporates the fluid handling and metering necessary for protein crystallization. Liquid handling takes advantage of surface forces to control fluid flow and enable metering, without the need for any fluidic or pump connections. Our approach requires only the simple steps of pipetting the crystallization reagents into the device followed by either spinning or shaking to set up counter-diffusive protein crystallization trials. The use of thin, UV-curable polymers with a high level of X-ray transparency allows for in situ X-ray crystallography, eliminating the manual handling of fragile protein crystals and streamlining the process of protein structure analysis. We demonstrate the utility of our device using hen egg white lysozyme as a model system, followed by the crystallization and in situ, room temperature structural analysis of the hub domain of calcium-calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKIIβ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Can Özden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alfred Samkutty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Silvia Russi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Aina Cohen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Margaret M Stratton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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13
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Wolf CJH, Venselaar H, Spoelder M, Beurmanjer H, Schellekens AFA, Homberg JR. An Overview of the Putative Structural and Functional Properties of the GHBh1 Receptor through a Bioinformatics Approach. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040926. [PMID: 37109455 PMCID: PMC10142108 DOI: 10.3390/life13040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is suggested to be involved in neuronal energy homeostasis processes, but the substance is also used as a recreational drug and as a prescription medication for narcolepsy. GHB has several high-affinity targets in the brain, commonly generalized as the GHB receptor. However, little is known about the structural and functional properties of GHB receptor subtypes. This opinion article discusses the literature on the putative structural and functional properties of the GHBh1 receptor subtype. GHBh1 contains 11 transmembrane helices and at least one intracellular intrinsically disordered region (IDR). Additionally, GHBh1 shows a 100% overlap in amino acid sequence with the Riboflavin (vitamin B2) transporter, which opens the possibility of a possible dual-function (transceptor) structure. Riboflavin and GHB also share specific neuroprotective properties. Further research into the GHBh1 receptor subtype may pave the way for future therapeutic possibilities for GHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper J. H. Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanka Venselaar
- Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcia Spoelder
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboudumc, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen Beurmanjer
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Novadic-Kentron Addiction Care, 5261 LX Vught, The Netherlands
| | - Arnt F. A. Schellekens
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboudumc, 6525 GC Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Scientist-Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA), 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Guiraud J, Addolorato G, Aubin HJ, Bachelot S, Batel P, de Bejczy A, Benyamina A, Caputo F, Couderc M, Dematteis M, Goudriaan AE, Gual A, Lecoustey S, Lesch OM, Maremmani I, Nutt DJ, Paille F, Perney P, Rehm J, Rolland B, Scherrer B, Simon N, Söderpalm B, Somaini L, Sommer WH, Spanagel R, Walter H, van den Brink W. Sodium Oxybate for Alcohol Dependence: A Network Meta-Regression Analysis Considering Population Severity at Baseline and Treatment Duration. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:125-133. [PMID: 36617267 PMCID: PMC10008102 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The estimated effect of sodium oxybate (SMO) in the treatment of alcohol dependence is heterogeneous. Population severity and treatment duration have been identified as potential effect modifiers. Population severity distinguishes heavy drinking patients with <14 days of abstinence before treatment initiation (high-severity population) from other patients (mild-severity population). Treatment duration reflects the planned treatment duration. This study aimed to systematically investigate the effect of these potential effect moderators on SMO efficacy in alcohol-dependent patients. METHODS Network meta-regression allows for testing potential effect modifiers. It was selected to investigate the effect of the above factors on SMO efficacy defined as continuous abstinence (abstinence rate) and the percentage of days abstinent (PDA). Randomized controlled trials for alcohol dependence with at least one SMO group conducted in high-severity and mild-severity populations were assigned to a high-severity and mild-severity group of studies, respectively. RESULTS Eight studies (1082 patients) were retained: four in the high-severity group and four in the mild-severity group. The high-severity group was associated with larger SMO effect sizes than the mild-severity group: abstinence rate risk ratio (RR) 3.16, P = 0.004; PDA +26.9%, P < 0.001. For PDA, longer treatment duration was associated with larger SMO effect size: +11.3% per extra month, P < 0.001. In the high-severity group, SMO showed benefit: abstinence rate RR 2.91, P = 0.03; PDA +16.9%, P < 0.001. In the mild-severity group, SMO showed benefit only in PDA for longer treatment duration: +23.9%, P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS In the retained studies with alcohol-dependent patients, high-severity population and longer treatment duration were associated with larger SMO effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Guiraud
- Corresponding author: Vergio, 31 rue Fernand Pelloutier, 92110 Clichy–France. E-mail: ;
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, 00168, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, 00168, Italy
| | - Henri-Jean Aubin
- French Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Universite Paris-Saclay, 94807, Villejuif, France
- Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris-Sud University, 94804, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Philippe Batel
- Addiction Unit of Charente, Camille Claudel Hospital, 16400 La Couronne, France
| | - Andrea de Bejczy
- Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41328, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amine Benyamina
- Addiction Research and Treatment Center, Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris-Sud University, 94804, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabio Caputo
- Department of Internal Medicine, SS. Annunziata Hospital, University of Ferrara, 44042, Cento (Ferrara), Italy
- Centre for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44042, Cento (Ferrara), Italy
| | | | - Maurice Dematteis
- Grenoble Alpes University, Faculty of Medicine and Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Department of Pharmacology and Addiction Medicine, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Anna E Goudriaan
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 5, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin, Dept. of Research and Quality of Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1033 NN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoni Gual
- Emeritus Researcher, GRAC (Addictions Research Group), IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Otto-Michael Lesch
- University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Department of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Icro Maremmani
- Department of Neurosciences, Santa Chiara University Hospital, University of Pisa, 56100, Pisa, Italy
| | - David J Nutt
- Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, London, United Kingdom
| | - François Paille
- Department of Addiction Treatment, University Hospital, 54500, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Pascal Perney
- Department of Addiction Medicine, CHU Nîmes; French Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Universite Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, 94807, France
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, M5S2S1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T1P8, Canada; Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Technical University Dresden, 01187, Dresden, Germany; Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Benjamin Rolland
- SUAL, HCL, CH Le Vinatier; Univ Lyon; UCBL; INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292, Centre de Recherche en Neuroscience de Lyon (CRNL), F-69678, Bron, France
| | - Bruno Scherrer
- Bruno Scherrer Conseil, 78730, Saint Arnoult en Yvelines, France
| | - Nicolas Simon
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Hop Sainte Marguerite, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, CAP-TV, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41328, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Somaini
- Addiction Treatment Center, Local Health Unit, ASL Biella, 13875, Biella, Italy
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
- Bethanian Hospital for Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henriette Walter
- University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Department of Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 5, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Astrocytes regulate inhibitory neurotransmission through GABA uptake, metabolism, and recycling. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:77-91. [PMID: 36806927 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic regulation of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is essential for brain function. Cerebral GABA homeostasis is tightly regulated through multiple mechanisms and is directly coupled to the metabolic collaboration between neurons and astrocytes. In this essay, we outline and discuss the fundamental roles of astrocytes in regulating synaptic GABA signaling. A major fraction of synaptic GABA is removed from the synapse by astrocytic uptake. Astrocytes utilize GABA as a metabolic substrate to support glutamine synthesis. The astrocyte-derived glutamine is subsequently transferred to neurons where it serves as the primary precursor of neuronal GABA synthesis. The flow of GABA and glutamine between neurons and astrocytes is collectively termed the GABA-glutamine cycle and is essential to sustain GABA synthesis and inhibitory signaling. In certain brain areas, astrocytes are even capable of synthesizing and releasing GABA to modulate inhibitory transmission. The majority of oxidative GABA metabolism in the brain takes place in astrocytes, which also leads to synthesis of the GABA-related metabolite γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB). The physiological roles of endogenous GHB remain unclear, but may be related to regulation of tonic inhibition and synaptic plasticity. Disrupted inhibitory signaling and dysfunctional astrocyte GABA handling are implicated in several diseases including epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. Synaptic GABA homeostasis is under astrocytic control and astrocyte GABA uptake, metabolism, and recycling may therefore serve as relevant targets to ameliorate pathological inhibitory signaling.
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16
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Ko T, Jou C, Grau-Perales A, Reynders M, Fenton A, Trauner D. A Photoactivated Protein Degrader for Optical Control of Synaptic Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.13.528397. [PMID: 36824807 PMCID: PMC9949324 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.13.528397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of proteins determine the function of synapses, and synapses define the neuronal circuits that subserve myriad brain, cognitive, and behavioral functions. It is thus necessary to precisely manipulate specific proteins at specific sub-cellular locations and times to elucidate the roles of particular proteins and synapses in brain function. We developed PHOtochemically TArgeting Chimeras (PHOTACs) as a strategy to optically degrade specific proteins with high spatial and temporal precision. PHOTACs are small molecules that, upon wavelength-selective illumination, catalyze ubiquitylation and degradation of target proteins through endogenous proteasomes. Here we describe the design and chemical properties of a PHOTAC that targets Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα), which is abundant and crucial for baseline synaptic function of excitatory neurons. We validate the PHOTAC strategy, showing that the CaMKIIα-PHOTAC is effective in mouse brain tissue. Light activation of CaMKIIα-PHOTAC removed CaMKIIα from regions of the mouse hippocampus only within 25 μm of the illuminated brain surface. The optically-controlled degradation decreases synaptic function within minutes of light activation, measured by the light-initiated attenuation of evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) responses to physiological stimulation. The PHOTACs methodology should be broadly applicable to other key proteins implicated in synaptic function, especially for evaluating their precise roles in the maintenance of long-term potentiation and memory within subcellular dendritic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Ko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - C. Jou
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - A.B. Grau-Perales
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - M. Reynders
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - A.A. Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - D. Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
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17
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New Psychoactive Substances: Major Groups, Laboratory Testing Challenges, Public Health Concerns, and Community-Based Solutions. J CHEM-NY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5852315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Across communities worldwide, various new psychoactive substances (NPSs) continue to emerge, which worsens the challenges to global mental health, drug rules, and public health risks, as well as combats their usage. Specifically, the vast number of NPSs that are currently available, coupled with the rate at which new ones emerge worldwide, increasingly challenges both forensic and clinical testing strategies. The well-established NPS detection techniques include immunoassays, colorimetric tests, mass spectrometric techniques, chromatographic techniques, and hyphenated types. Nonetheless, mitigating drug abuse and NPS usage is achievable through extensive community-based initiatives, with increased focus on harm reduction. Clinically validated and reliable testing of NPS from human samples, along with community-driven solution, such as harm reduction, will be of great importance, especially in combating their prevalence and the use of other illicit synthetic substances. There is a need for continued literature synthesis to reiterate the importance of NPS, given the continuous emergence of illicit substances in the recent years. All these are discussed in this overview, as we performed another look into NPS, from differentiating the major groups and identifying with laboratory testing challenges to community-based initiatives.
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18
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Reyes Gaido OE, Nkashama LJ, Schole KL, Wang Q, Umapathi P, Mesubi OO, Konstantinidis K, Luczak ED, Anderson ME. CaMKII as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:249-272. [PMID: 35973713 PMCID: PMC11019858 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051421-111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CaMKII (the multifunctional Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) is a highly validated signal for promoting a variety of common diseases, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Despite substantial amounts of convincing preclinical data, CaMKII inhibitors have yet to emerge in clinical practice. Therapeutic inhibition is challenged by the diversity of CaMKII isoforms and splice variants and by physiological CaMKII activity that contributes to learning and memory. Thus, uncoupling the harmful and beneficial aspects of CaMKII will be paramount to developing effective therapies. In the last decade, several targeting strategies have emerged, including small molecules, peptides, and nucleotides, which hold promise in discriminating pathological from physiological CaMKII activity. Here we review the cellular and molecular biology of CaMKII, discuss its role in physiological and pathological signaling, and consider new findings and approaches for developing CaMKII therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Reyes Gaido
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | | | - Kate L Schole
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Priya Umapathi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Olurotimi O Mesubi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Klitos Konstantinidis
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Elizabeth D Luczak
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
- Departments of Physiology and Genetic Medicine and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Justinussen JL, Egebjerg C, Kornum BR. How hypocretin agonists may improve the quality of wake in narcolepsy. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:61-69. [PMID: 36400667 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a complex symptom characterized by a strong urge to sleep during daytime accompanied by problems such as attention deficits, anxiety, and lower cognitive performance. The efficacy of treatments for EDS is determined by their ability to decrease sleepiness, and less attention has been given to the effects these compounds have on the quality of the wake itself. Hypocretin (HCRT; orexin) signalling is implicated in narcolepsy, and hypocretin receptor 2 (HCRTR2) agonists are in clinical trials for treating EDS in narcolepsy. Here, we review preclinical research to determine how HCRTR2 agonists may affect attention and anxiety compared with other EDS treatment strategies. We conclude that such compounds may improve not only the quantity but also the quality of wake, and we hope that they will create opportunities for more nuanced treatment strategies in narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Egebjerg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte R Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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The CaMKIIα hub ligand Ph-HTBA promotes neuroprotection after focal ischemic stroke by a distinct molecular interaction. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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CaMKIIα as a Promising Drug Target for Ischemic Grey Matter. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121639. [PMID: 36552099 PMCID: PMC9775128 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a major mediator of Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways in various cell types throughout the body. Its neuronal isoform CaMKIIα (alpha) centrally integrates physiological but also pathological glutamate signals directly downstream of glutamate receptors and has thus emerged as a target for ischemic stroke. Previous studies provided evidence for the involvement of CaMKII activity in ischemic cell death by showing that CaMKII inhibition affords substantial neuroprotection. However, broad inhibition of this central kinase is challenging because various essential physiological processes like synaptic plasticity rely on intact CaMKII regulation. Thus, specific strategies for targeting CaMKII after ischemia are warranted which would ideally only interfere with pathological activity of CaMKII. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of how ischemia affects CaMKII and how pathospecific pharmacological targeting of CaMKII signaling could be achieved. Specifically, we discuss direct targeting of CaMKII kinase activity with peptide inhibitors versus indirect targeting of the association (hub) domain of CaMKIIα with analogues of γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as a potential way to achieve more specific pharmacological modulation of CaMKII activity after ischemia.
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22
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Tian Y, Shehata MA, Gauger SJ, Veronesi C, Hamborg L, Thiesen L, Bruus-Jensen J, Royssen JS, Leurs U, Larsen ASG, Krall J, Solbak SM, Wellendorph P, Frølund B. Exploring the NCS-382 Scaffold for CaMKIIα Modulation: Synthesis, Biochemical Pharmacology, and Biophysical Characterization of Ph-HTBA as a Novel High-Affinity Brain-Penetrant Stabilizer of the CaMKIIα Hub Domain. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15066-15084. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Tian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohamed A. Shehata
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Juul Gauger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Veronesi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Hamborg
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Thiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bruus-Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Schlieper Royssen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrike Leurs
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie G. Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Krall
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara M.Ø. Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Frølund
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mohanan AG, Gunasekaran S, Jacob RS, Omkumar RV. Role of Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II in Mediating Function and Dysfunction at Glutamatergic Synapses. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:855752. [PMID: 35795689 PMCID: PMC9252440 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.855752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamatergic synapses harbor abundant amounts of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII). Both in the postsynaptic density as well as in the cytosolic compartment of postsynaptic terminals, CaMKII plays major roles. In addition to its Ca2+-stimulated kinase activity, it can also bind to a variety of membrane proteins at the synapse and thus exert spatially restricted activity. The abundance of CaMKII in glutamatergic synapse is akin to scaffolding proteins although its prominent function still appears to be that of a kinase. The multimeric structure of CaMKII also confers several functional capabilities on the enzyme. The versatility of the enzyme has prompted hypotheses proposing several roles for the enzyme such as Ca2+ signal transduction, memory molecule function and scaffolding. The article will review the multiple roles played by CaMKII in glutamatergic synapses and how they are affected in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana G. Mohanan
- Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sowmya Gunasekaran
- Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Research Scholar, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reena Sarah Jacob
- Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Research Scholar, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - R. V. Omkumar
- Neurobiology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: R. V. Omkumar,
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24
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Dwyer BK, Veenma DCM, Chang K, Schulman H, Van Woerden GM. Case Report: Developmental Delay and Acute Neuropsychiatric Episodes Associated With a de novo Mutation in the CAMK2B Gene (c.328G>A p.Glu110Lys). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:794008. [PMID: 35620293 PMCID: PMC9127182 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.794008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genes encoding calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) isoforms cause a newly recognized neurodevelopmental disorder (ND), for which the full clinical spectrum has yet to be described. Here we report the detailed description of a child with a de novo gain of function (GoF) mutation in the gene Ca/Calmodulin dependent protein kinase 2 beta (CAMK2B c.328G > A p.Glu110Lys) who presents with developmental delay and periodic neuropsychiatric episodes. The episodes manifest as encephalopathy with behavioral changes, headache, loss of language and loss of complex motor coordination. Additionally, we provide an overview of the effect of different medications used to try to alleviate the symptoms. We show that medications effective for mitigating the child’s neuropsychiatric symptoms may have done so by decreasing CAMK2 activity and associated calcium signaling; whereas medications that appeared to worsen the symptoms may have done so by increasing CAMK2 activity and associated calcium signaling. We hypothesize that by classifying CAMK2 mutations as “gain of function” or “loss of function” based on CAMK2 catalytic activity, we may be able to guide personalized empiric treatment regimens tailored to specific CAMK2 mutations. In the absence of sufficient patients for traditional randomized controlled trials to establish therapeutic efficacy, this approach may provide a rational approach to empiric therapy for physicians treating patients with dysregulated CAMK2 and associated calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie K Dwyer
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Genetics, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Mountain View, CA, United States
| | - Danielle C M Veenma
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,ENCORE Expertise Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kiki Chang
- University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Howard Schulman
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA, United States
| | - Geeske M Van Woerden
- ENCORE Expertise Center, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Khan S. Conformational spread drives the evolution of the calcium-calmodulin protein kinase II. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8499. [PMID: 35589775 PMCID: PMC9120016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12090-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) decodes Ca2+ frequency oscillations. The CaMKIIα isoform is predominantly expressed in the brain and has a central role in learning. I matched residue and organismal evolution with collective motions deduced from the atomic structure of the human CaMKIIα holoenzyme to learn how its ring architecture abets function. Protein dynamic simulations showed its peripheral kinase domains (KDs) are conformationally coupled via lateral spread along the central hub. The underlying β-sheet motions in the hub or association domain (AD) were deconvolved into dynamic couplings based on mutual information. They mapped onto a coevolved residue network to partition the AD into two distinct sectors. A second, energetically stressed sector was added to ancient bacterial enzyme dimers for assembly of the ringed hub. The continued evolution of the holoenzyme after AD–KD fusion targeted the sector’s ring contacts coupled to the KD. Among isoforms, the α isoform emerged last and, it alone, mutated rapidly after the poikilotherm–homeotherm jump to match the evolution of memory. The correlation between dynamics and evolution of the CaMKII AD argues single residue substitutions fine-tune hub conformational spread. The fine-tuning could increase CaMKIIα Ca2+ frequency response range for complex learning functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Khan
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA. .,SBA School of Science and Engineering, LUMS, Lahore, Pakistan. .,Laboratory of Cell Biology, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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26
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Tian Y, Shehata MA, Gauger SJ, Ng CKL, Solbak S, Thiesen L, Bruus-Jensen J, Krall J, Bundgaard C, Gibson KM, Wellendorph P, Frølund B. Discovery and Optimization of 5-Hydroxy-Diclofenac toward a New Class of Ligands with Nanomolar Affinity for the CaMKIIα Hub Domain. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6656-6676. [PMID: 35500061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) is a brain-relevant kinase involved in long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity. We have recently pinpointed the CaMKIIα hub domain as the long-sought-after high-affinity target of γ-hydroxybutyrate ligands substantiated with a high-resolution cocrystal of 5-hydroxydiclofenac (3). Herein, we employed in silico approaches to rationalize and guide the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a new series of analogues circumventing chemical stability problems associated with 3. The oxygen-bridged analogue 4d showed mid-nanomolar affinity and notable ligand-induced stabilization effects toward the CaMKIIα hub oligomer. Importantly, 4d displayed superior chemical and metabolic stability over 3 by showing excellent chemical stability in phosphate-buffered saline and high resistance to form reactive intermediates and subsequent sulfur conjugates. Altogether, our study highlights 4d as a new CaMKIIα hub high-affinity ligand with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties, representing a powerful tool compound for allosteric regulation of kinase activity with subtype specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Tian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohamed A Shehata
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Juul Gauger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clarissa K L Ng
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Thiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bruus-Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Krall
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - K Michael Gibson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Frølund
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Shirazi RS, Vyssotski M, Lagutin K, Thompson D, MacDonald C, Luscombe V, Glass M, Parker K, Gowing EK, Williams DBG, Clarkson AN. Neuroprotective activity of new Δ3-N-acylethanolamines in a focal ischemia stroke model. Lipids 2021; 57:17-31. [PMID: 34751447 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAE, also called ethanolamides) are significant lipid signaling molecules with anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, cell-protective, and anticancer properties. Here, we present the use of a hitherto unreported group of Δ3-NAE and also some Δ4- and Δ5-NAE, in in vitro and in vivo assays to gain a better understanding of their structure-bioactivity relationships. We have developed an efficient synthetic method to rapidly produce novel unlabeled and 13 C-labeled Δ3-NAE (NAE-18:5n-3, NAE-18:4n-6) and Δ4-NAE (NAE-22:5n-6). The new NAE with shorter carbon backbone structures confers greater neuroprotection than their longer carbon backbone counterparts, including anandamide (Δ5-NAE-20:4n-6) in a focal ischemia mouse model of stroke. This study highlights structure-dependent protective effects of new NAE following focal ischemia, in which some of the new NAE, administered intranasally, lead to significantly reduced infarct volume and improved recovery of limb use. The relative affinity of the new NAE toward cannabinoid receptors was assessed against anandamide, NAE-22:6n-3 and NAE-20:5n-3, which are known cannabinoid receptor ligands with high-binding constants. Among the newly synthesized NAE, Δ4-NAE-22:5n-6 shows the greatest relative affinity to cannabinoid receptors hCB1 and hCB2 , and inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate activity through hCB2 compared to anandamide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christa MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Vincent Luscombe
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kim Parker
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Emma K Gowing
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - D Bradley G Williams
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew N Clarkson
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New Zealand, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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