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Hiltunen J, Helminen L, Paakinaho V. Glucocorticoid receptor action in prostate cancer: the role of transcription factor crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1437179. [PMID: 39027480 PMCID: PMC11254642 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1437179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies and is primarily driven by aberrant androgen receptor (AR) signaling. While AR-targeted therapies form the cornerstone of prostate cancer treatment, they often inadvertently activate compensatory pathways, leading to therapy resistance. This resistance is frequently mediated through changes in transcription factor (TF) crosstalk, reshaping gene regulatory programs and ultimately weakening treatment efficacy. Consequently, investigating TF interactions has become crucial for understanding the mechanisms driving therapy-resistant cancers. Recent evidence has highlighted the crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and AR, demonstrating that GR can induce prostate cancer therapy resistance by replacing the inactivated AR, thereby becoming a driver of the disease. In addition to this oncogenic role, GR has also been shown to act as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. Owing to this dual role and the widespread use of glucocorticoids as adjuvant therapy, it is essential to understand GR's actions across different stages of prostate cancer development. In this review, we explore the current knowledge of GR in prostate cancer, with a specific focus on its crosstalk with other TFs. GR can directly and indirectly interact with a variety of TFs, and these interactions vary significantly depending on the type of prostate cancer cells. By highlighting these crosstalk interactions, we aim to provide insights that can guide the research and development of new GR-targeted therapies to mitigate its harmful effects in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ville Paakinaho
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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2
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Garg S, Ni W, Chowdhury B, Weisberg EL, Sattler M, Griffin JD. BRD9 regulates normal human hematopoietic stem cell function and lineage differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:868-880. [PMID: 38816579 PMCID: PMC11239944 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain containing protein 9 (BRD9), a member of the non-canonical BRG1/BRM-associated factor (ncBAF) chromatin remodeling complex, has been implicated as a synthetic lethal target in AML but its function in normal human hematopoiesis is unknown. In hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) genomic or chemical inhibition of BRD9 led to a proliferative disadvantage and loss of stem cells in vitro. Human HSPCs with reduced BRD9 protein levels produced lower numbers of immature mixed multipotent GEMM colonies in semi-solid media. In lineage-promoting culture conditions, cells with reduced BRD9 levels failed to differentiate into the megakaryocytic lineage and showed delayed differentiation into erythroid cells but enhanced terminal myeloid differentiation. HSPCs with BRD9 knock down (KD) had reduced long-term multilineage engraftment in a xenotransplantation assay. An increased number of downregulated genes in RNAseq analysis after BRD9 KD coupled with a gain in chromatin accessibility at the promoters of several repressive transcription factors (TF) suggest that BRD9 functions in the maintenance of active transcription during HSC differentiation. In particular, the hematopoietic master regulator GATA1 was identified as one of the core TFs regulating the gene networks modulated by BRD9 loss in HSPCs. BRD9 inhibition reduced a GATA1-luciferase reporter signal, further suggesting a role for BRD9 in regulating GATA1 activity. BRD9 is therefore an additional example of epigenetic regulation of human hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Garg
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dept. of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Wei Ni
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dept. of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Basudev Chowdhury
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dept. of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ellen L Weisberg
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dept. of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dept. of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - James D Griffin
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Dept. of Medical Oncology, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Dept. of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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3
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Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhao G, Deng Y, Chen YE, Zhang J. SWI/SNF Complex in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Pathologies. Cells 2024; 13:168. [PMID: 38247859 PMCID: PMC10814623 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mature vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) exhibit a remarkable degree of plasticity, a characteristic that has intrigued cardiovascular researchers for decades. Recently, it has become increasingly evident that the chromatin remodeler SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex plays a pivotal role in orchestrating chromatin conformation, which is critical for gene regulation. In this review, we provide a summary of research related to the involvement of the SWI/SNF complexes in VSMC and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), integrating these discoveries into the current landscape of epigenetic and transcriptional regulation in VSMC. These novel discoveries shed light on our understanding of VSMC biology and pave the way for developing innovative therapeutic strategies in CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Guizhen Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yongjie Deng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.L.); (Y.Z.)
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4
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Babl A, Greulich F. Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) in Macrophages. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2846:151-167. [PMID: 39141235 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-4071-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) is a method to detect specific interactions between DNA and DNA-associated proteins. It is valuable for the characterization of the binding of transcription factors or co-regulators genome wide. Furthermore, it can be used for epigenetic profiling, chromatin accessibility assessment, and identification of regulatory elements. Compared to the more commonly used chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), CUT&RUN has several advantages including an in situ approach as well as no need for sonication. However, the biggest advantage is the reduced cell amounts that are required for CUT&RUN, which makes it more attractive for experiments with limited cell numbers. In this chapter, we describe a reliable CUT&RUN protocol for macrophages that can be performed within 2 days and includes a library preparation so that the sample can be directly sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Babl
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Franziska Greulich
- Metabolic Programming, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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5
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Kurata K, Samur MK, Liow P, Wen K, Yamamoto L, Liu J, Morelli E, Gulla A, Tai YT, Qi J, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. BRD9 Degradation Disrupts Ribosome Biogenesis in Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1807-1821. [PMID: 36780189 PMCID: PMC10150249 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRD9 is a defining component of the noncanonical SWI/SNF complex, which regulates gene expression by controlling chromatin dynamics. Although recent studies have found an oncogenic role for BRD9 in multiple cancer types including multiple myeloma, its clinical significance and oncogenic mechanism have not yet been elucidated. Here, we sought to identify the clinical and biological impact of BRD9 in multiple myeloma, which may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed integrated analyses of BRD9 in vitro and in vivo using multiple myeloma cell lines and primary multiple myeloma cells in established preclinical models, which identified the molecular functions of BRD9 contributing to multiple myeloma cell survival. RESULTS We found that high BRD9 expression was a poor prognostic factor in multiple myeloma. Depleting BRD9 by genetic (shRNA) and pharmacologic (dBRD9-A; proteolysis-targeting chimera; BRD9 degrader) approaches downregulated ribosome biogenesis genes, decreased the expression of the master regulator MYC, and disrupted the protein-synthesis maintenance machinery, thereby inhibiting multiple myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo in preclinical models. Importantly, we identified that the expression of ribosome biogenesis genes was associated with the disease progression and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma. Our results suggest that BRD9 promotes gene expression by predominantly occupying the promoter regions of ribosome biogenesis genes and cooperating with BRD4 to enhance the transcriptional function of MYC. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies and validates BRD9 as a novel therapeutic target in preclinical models of multiple myeloma, which provides the framework for the clinical evaluation of BRD9 degraders to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Kurata
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mehmet K. Samur
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Priscilla Liow
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth Wen
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leona Yamamoto
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiye Liu
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annamaria Gulla
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Turin, Italy
| | - Yu-Tzu Tai
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth C. Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Billon C, Sitaula S, Banerjee S, Welch R, Elgendy B, Hegazy L, Oh TG, Kazantzis M, Chatterjee A, Chrivia J, Hayes ME, Xu W, Hamilton A, Huss JM, Zhang L, Walker JK, Downes M, Evans RM, Burris TP. Synthetic ERRα/β/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:756-771. [PMID: 36988910 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive physical exercise induces physiological adaptations in skeletal muscle that improves exercise performance and is effective for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. Genetic evidence indicates that the orphan nuclear receptors estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) play an important role in skeletal muscle exercise capacity. Three ERR subtypes exist (ERRα, β, and γ), and although ERRβ/γ agonists have been designed, there have been significant difficulties in designing compounds with ERRα agonist activity. Additionally, there are limited synthetic agonists that can be used to target ERRs in vivo. Here, we report the identification of a synthetic ERR pan agonist, SLU-PP-332, that targets all three ERRs but has the highest potency for ERRα. Additionally, SLU-PP-332 has sufficient pharmacokinetic properties to be used as an in vivo chemical tool. SLU-PP-332 increases mitochondrial function and cellular respiration in a skeletal muscle cell line. When administered to mice, SLU-PP-332 increased the type IIa oxidative skeletal muscle fibers and enhanced exercise endurance. We also observed that SLU-PP-332 induced an ERRα-specific acute aerobic exercise genetic program, and the ERRα activation was critical for enhancing exercise endurance in mice. These data indicate the feasibility of targeting ERRα for the development of compounds that act as exercise mimetics that may be effective in the treatment of numerous metabolic disorders and to improve muscle function in the aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Billon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Sadichha Sitaula
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Subhashis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Ryan Welch
- Gene Expression Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lamees Hegazy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Gene Expression Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - John Chrivia
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Matthew E Hayes
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Angelica Hamilton
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Janice M Huss
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - John K Walker
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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7
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Du J, Liu Y, Wu X, Sun J, Shi J, Zhang H, Zheng A, Zhou M, Jiang X. BRD9-mediated chromatin remodeling suppresses osteoclastogenesis through negative feedback mechanism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1413. [PMID: 36918560 PMCID: PMC10014883 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9), a component of non-canonical BAF chromatin remodeling complex, has been identified as a critical therapeutic target in hematological diseases. Despite the hematopoietic origin of osteoclasts, the role of BRD9 in osteoclastogenesis and bone diseases remains unresolved. Here, we show Brd9 deficiency in myeloid lineage enhances osteoclast lineage commitment and bone resorption through downregulating interferon-beta (IFN-β) signaling with released constraint on osteoclastogenesis. Notably, we show that BRD9 interacts with transcription factor FOXP1 activating Stat1 transcription and IFN-β signaling thereafter. Besides, function specificity of BRD9 distinguished from BRD4 during osteoclastogenesis has been evaluated. Leveraging advantages of pharmacological modulation of BRD9 and flexible injectable silk fibroin hydrogel, we design a local deliver system for effectively mitigating zoledronate related osteonecrosis of the jaw and alleviating acute bone loss in lipopolysaccharide-induced localized aggressive periodontitis. Overall, these results demonstrate the function of BRD9 in osteoclastogenesis and its therapeutic potential for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Du
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jinrui Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ao Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Mingliang Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Weivoda MM, Bradley EW. Macrophages and Bone Remodeling. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:359-369. [PMID: 36651575 PMCID: PMC10023335 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling in the adult skeleton facilitates the removal and replacement of damaged and old bone to maintain bone quality. Tight coordination of bone resorption and bone formation during remodeling crucially maintains skeletal mass. Increasing evidence suggests that many cell types beyond osteoclasts and osteoblasts support bone remodeling, including macrophages and other myeloid lineage cells. Herein, we discuss the origin and functions for macrophages in the bone microenvironment, tissue resident macrophages, osteomacs, as well as newly identified osteomorphs that result from osteoclast fission. We also touch on the role of macrophages during inflammatory bone resorption. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth W. Bradley
- Department of Orthopedics and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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9
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BRD9 regulates interferon-stimulated genes during macrophage activation via cooperation with BET protein BRD4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2110812119. [PMID: 34983841 PMCID: PMC8740701 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110812119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages regulate many aspects of the innate immune response and the activation of adaptive immunity following exposure to microbial ligands. However, macrophages can also contribute to inflammation underlying diseases such as atherosclerosis and obesity. Epigenetic regulators control inflammatory gene regulation and, as such, are potential targets for modulation of the inflammatory response. Here, we show that inhibitors and degraders of the bromodomain protein BRD9, a subunit of the noncanonical BAF complex, limit inflammation by specifically blocking the induction of interferon-stimulated genes. This effect overlaps with the transcriptional responses with the BET inhibitor JQ1 but affects fewer genes and is more specific in scope. Our results suggest that BRD9 inhibitors/degraders may be therapeutically relevant agents to limit interferon-associated inflammation. Macrophages induce a number of inflammatory response genes in response to stimulation with microbial ligands. In response to endotoxin Lipid A, a gene-activation cascade of primary followed by secondary-response genes is induced. Epigenetic state is an important regulator of the kinetics, specificity, and mechanism of gene activation of these two classes. In particular, SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes are required for the induction of secondary-response genes, but not primary-response genes, which generally exhibit open chromatin. Here, we show that a recently discovered variant of the SWI/SNF complex, the noncanonical BAF complex (ncBAF), regulates secondary-response genes in the interferon (IFN) response pathway. Inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 9 (BRD9), a subunit of the ncBAF complex, with BRD9 bromodomain inhibitors (BRD9i) or a degrader (dBRD9) led to reduction in a number of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) following stimulation with endotoxin lipid A. BRD9-dependent genes overlapped highly with a subset of genes differentially regulated by BET protein inhibition with JQ1 following endotoxin stimulation. We find that the BET protein BRD4 is cobound with BRD9 in unstimulated macrophages and corecruited upon stimulation to ISG promoters along with STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, components of the ISGF3 complex activated downstream of IFN-alpha receptor stimulation. In the presence of BRD9i or dBRD9, STAT1-, STAT2-, and IRF9-binding is reduced, in some cases with reduced binding of BRD4. These results demonstrate a specific role for BRD9 and the ncBAF complex in ISG activation and identify an activity for BRD9 inhibitors and degraders in dampening endotoxin- and IFN-dependent gene expression.
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10
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Dacic M, Shibu G, Rogatsky I. Physiological Convergence and Antagonism Between GR and PPARγ in Inflammation and Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1390:123-141. [PMID: 36107316 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-11836-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcription factors that modulate gene expression in a ligand-dependent manner. The ubiquitously expressed glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) represent steroid (type I) and non-steroid (type II) classes of NRs, respectively. The diverse transcriptional and physiological outcomes of their activation are highly tissue-specific. For example, in subsets of immune cells, such as macrophages, the signaling of GR and PPARγ converges to elicit an anti-inflammatory phenotype; in contrast, in the adipose tissue, their signaling can lead to reciprocal metabolic outcomes. This review explores the cooperative and divergent outcomes of GR and PPARγ functions in different cell types and tissues, including immune cells, adipose tissue and the liver. Understanding the coordinated control of these NR pathways should advance studies in the field and potentially pave the way for developing new therapeutic approaches to exploit the GR:PPARγ crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Dacic
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Shibu
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Rosenzweig Genomics Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
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