1
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Billon C, Sitaula S, Banerjee S, Welch R, Elgendy B, Hegazy L, Oh TG, Kazantzis M, Chatterjee A, Chrivia J, Hayes ME, Xu W, Hamilton A, Huss JM, Zhang L, Walker JK, Downes M, Evans RM, Burris TP. Synthetic ERRα/β/γ Agonist Induces an ERRα-Dependent Acute Aerobic Exercise Response and Enhances Exercise Capacity. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:756-771. [PMID: 36988910 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive physical exercise induces physiological adaptations in skeletal muscle that improves exercise performance and is effective for the prevention and treatment of several diseases. Genetic evidence indicates that the orphan nuclear receptors estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) play an important role in skeletal muscle exercise capacity. Three ERR subtypes exist (ERRα, β, and γ), and although ERRβ/γ agonists have been designed, there have been significant difficulties in designing compounds with ERRα agonist activity. Additionally, there are limited synthetic agonists that can be used to target ERRs in vivo. Here, we report the identification of a synthetic ERR pan agonist, SLU-PP-332, that targets all three ERRs but has the highest potency for ERRα. Additionally, SLU-PP-332 has sufficient pharmacokinetic properties to be used as an in vivo chemical tool. SLU-PP-332 increases mitochondrial function and cellular respiration in a skeletal muscle cell line. When administered to mice, SLU-PP-332 increased the type IIa oxidative skeletal muscle fibers and enhanced exercise endurance. We also observed that SLU-PP-332 induced an ERRα-specific acute aerobic exercise genetic program, and the ERRα activation was critical for enhancing exercise endurance in mice. These data indicate the feasibility of targeting ERRα for the development of compounds that act as exercise mimetics that may be effective in the treatment of numerous metabolic disorders and to improve muscle function in the aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Billon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Sadichha Sitaula
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Subhashis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Ryan Welch
- Gene Expression Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lamees Hegazy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Tae Gyu Oh
- Gene Expression Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- The Scripps Research Institute Jupiter, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - John Chrivia
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Matthew E Hayes
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Angelica Hamilton
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Janice M Huss
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - John K Walker
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- University of Florida Genetics Institute, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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2
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Huerta Guevara AP, McGowan SJ, Kazantzis M, Stallons TR, Sano T, Mulder NL, Jurdzinski A, van Dijk TH, Eggen BJL, Jonker JW, Niedernhofer LJ, Kruit JK. Increased insulin sensitivity and diminished pancreatic beta-cell function in DNA repair deficient Ercc1 d/- mice. Metabolism 2021; 117:154711. [PMID: 33493548 PMCID: PMC8625516 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is an age-associated disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and decreased beta-cell function. DNA damage accumulation has been associated with T2DM, but whether DNA damage plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease is unclear. Here, we used mice deficient for the DNA excision-repair gene Ercc1 to study the impact of persistent endogenous DNA damage accumulation on energy metabolism, glucose homeostasis and beta-cell function. METHODS ERCC1-XPF is an endonuclease required for multiple DNA repair pathways and reduced expression of ERCC1-XPF causes accelerated accumulation of unrepaired endogenous DNA damage and accelerated aging in humans and mice. In this study, energy metabolism, glucose metabolism, beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity were studied in Ercc1d/- mice, which model a human progeroid syndrome. RESULTS Ercc1d/- mice displayed suppression of the somatotropic axis and altered energy metabolism. Insulin sensitivity was increased, whereas, plasma insulin levels were decreased in Ercc1d/- mice. Fasting induced hypoglycemia in Ercc1d/- mice, which was the result of increased glucose disposal. Ercc1d/- mice exhibit a significantly reduced beta-cell area, even compared to control mice of similar weight. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo was decreased in Ercc1d/- mice. Islets isolated from Ercc1d/- mice showed increased DNA damage markers, decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. CONCLUSION Spontaneous DNA damage accumulation triggers an adaptive response resulting in improved insulin sensitivity. Loss of DNA repair, however, does negatively impacts beta-cell survival and function in Ercc1d/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Huerta Guevara
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sara J McGowan
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | | | - Tokio Sano
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Niels L Mulder
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Jurdzinski
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Metabolism and Aging, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Janine K Kruit
- Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Sharp-Tawfik AE, Coiner AM, MarElia CB, Kazantzis M, Zhang C, Burkhardt BR. Compositional analysis and biological characterization of Cornus officinalis on human 1.1B4 pancreatic β cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 494:110491. [PMID: 31255730 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease resulting from the loss of pancreatic β cells and subsequent insulin production. Novel interventional therapies are urgently needed that can protect existing β cells from cytokine-induced death and enhance their function before symptomatic onset. Our initial evidence is suggesting that bioactive ingredients within Cornus officinalis (CO) may be able to serve in this function. CO has been extensively used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and reported to possess both anti-inflammatory and pro-metabolic effects. We hypothesize that CO treatment may provide a future potential candidate for interventional therapy for early stage T1D prior to significant β cell loss. Our data demonstrated that CO can inhibit cytokine-mediated β cell death, increase cell viability and oxidative capacity, and increase expression of NFATC2 (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells, Cytoplasmic 2). We have also profiled the bioactive components in CO from multiple sources by HPLC/MS (High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Altogether, CO significantly increases the energy metabolism of β cells while inducing the NFAT pathway to signal for increased proliferation and endocrine function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle E Sharp-Tawfik
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Alexis M Coiner
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Catherine B MarElia
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Metabolic Core, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Clare Zhang
- Practice of Oriental Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Brant R Burkhardt
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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4
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Amador A, Campbell S, Kazantzis M, Lan G, Burris TP, Solt LA. Distinct roles for REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ in oxidative capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196787. [PMID: 29723273 PMCID: PMC5933789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ have been demonstrated to be core members of the circadian clock and participate in the regulation of a diverse set of metabolic functions. Due to their overlapping tissue expression patterns and gene expression profiles, REV-ERBβ is thought to be redundant to REV-ERBα. Recent work has highlighted REV-ERBα's role in the regulation of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis. Considering the similarity between the REV-ERBs and the hypothesized overlap in function, we sought to determine whether REV-ERBβ-deficiency presented with a similar skeletal muscle phenotype as REV-ERBα-deficiency. Ectopic overexpression in C2C12 cells demonstrated that REV-ERBβ drives mitochondrial biogenesis and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Intriguingly, knock down of REV-ERBβ in C2C12 cultures also resulted in mitochondrial biogenesis and increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation. To determine whether these effects occurred in vivo, we examined REV-ERBβ-deficient mice and observed a similar increase in expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid β-oxidation. Consistent with these results, REV-ERBβ-deficient mice exhibited an altered metabolic phenotype compared to wild-type littermate controls when measured by indirect calorimetry. This likely compensated for the increased food consumption that occurred, possibly aiding in the maintenance of their weight over time. Since feeding behaviors are a direct circadian output, this study suggests that REV-ERBβ may have more subtle effects on circadian behaviors than originally identified. Furthermore, these data implicate REV-ERBβ in the control of skeletal muscle metabolism and energy expenditure and suggest that development of REV-ERBα versus REV-ERBβ selective ligands may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Body Weight
- Calorimetry, Indirect
- Cell Line
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Circadian Rhythm/physiology
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Energy Metabolism/physiology
- Fatty Acids/metabolism
- Feeding Behavior/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Muscle/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/deficiency
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/physiology
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/deficiency
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/physiology
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/deficiency
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Amador
- Kellogg School of Science and Technology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sean Campbell
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Metabolic Core, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Gary Lan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Laura A. Solt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Flaveny CA, Griffett K, El-Gendy BEDM, Kazantzis M, Sengupta M, Amelio AL, Chatterjee A, Walker J, Solt LA, Kamenecka TM, Burris TP. Broad Anti-tumor Activity of a Small Molecule that Selectively Targets the Warburg Effect and Lipogenesis. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:42-56. [PMID: 26120082 PMCID: PMC4965273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant cells exhibit aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) and become dependent on de novo lipogenesis, which sustains rapid proliferation and resistance to cellular stress. The nuclear receptor liver-X-receptor (LXR) directly regulates expression of key glycolytic and lipogenic genes. To disrupt these oncogenic metabolism pathways, we designed an LXR inverse agonist SR9243 that induces LXR-corepressor interaction. In cancer cells, SR9243 significantly inhibited the Warburg effect and lipogenesis by reducing glycolytic and lipogenic gene expression. SR9243 induced apoptosis in tumors without inducing weight loss, hepatotoxicity, or inflammation. Our results suggest that LXR inverse agonists may be an effective cancer treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Flaveny
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Kristine Griffett
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | | | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Monideepa Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Antonio L Amelio
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - John Walker
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Laura A Solt
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Department of Pharmacological & Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63310, USA.
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6
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Guennoun A, Kazantzis M, Thomas R, Wabitsch M, Tews D, Seetharama Sastry K, Abdelkarim M, Zilberfarb V, Strosberg AD, Chouchane L. Comprehensive molecular characterization of human adipocytes reveals a transient brown phenotype. J Transl Med 2015; 13:135. [PMID: 25925588 PMCID: PMC4438513 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional brown adipose tissue (BAT), involved in energy expenditure, has recently been detected in substantial amounts in adults. Formerly overlooked BAT has now become an attractive anti-obesity target. Methods and results Molecular characterization of human brown and white adipocytes, using a myriad of techniques including high-throughput RNA sequencing and functional assays, showed that PAZ6 and SW872 cells exhibit classical molecular and phenotypic markers of brown and white adipocytes, respectively. However, the pre-adipocyte cell line SGBS presents a versatile phenotype. A transit expression of classical brown markers such as UCP1 and PPARγ peaked and declined at day 28 post-differentiation initiation. Conversely, white adipocyte markers, including Tcf21, showed reciprocal behavior. Interestingly, leptin levels peaked at day 28 whereas the highest adiponectin mRNA levels were detected at day 14 of differentiation. Phenotypic analysis of the abundance and shape of lipid droplets were consistent with the molecular patterns. Accordingly, the oxidative capacity of SGBS adipocytes peaked on differentiation day 14 and declined progressively towards differentiation day 28. Conclusions Our studies have unveiled a new phenotype of human adipocytes, providing a tool to identify molecular gene expression patterns and pathways involved in the conversion between white and brown adipocytes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0480-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Guennoun
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, Florida, USA.
| | - Remy Thomas
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Daniel Tews
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Konduru Seetharama Sastry
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Vladimir Zilberfarb
- Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, Université Paris 7-Denis-Diderot, Paris, France.
| | | | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Laboratory of Genetic Medicine & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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7
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Anderson CM, Kazantzis M, Wang J, Venkatraman S, Goncalves RLS, Quinlan CL, Ng R, Jastroch M, Benjamin DI, Nie B, Herber C, Van AAN, Park MJ, Yun D, Chan K, Yu A, Vuong P, Febbraio M, Nomura DK, Napoli JL, Brand MD, Stahl A. Dependence of brown adipose tissue function on CD36-mediated coenzyme Q uptake. Cell Rep 2015; 10:505-15. [PMID: 25620701 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) possesses the inherent ability to dissipate metabolic energy as heat through uncoupled mitochondrial respiration. An essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is coenzyme Q (CoQ). While cells synthesize CoQ mostly endogenously, exogenous supplementation with CoQ has been successful as a therapy for patients with CoQ deficiency. However, which tissues depend on exogenous CoQ uptake as well as the mechanism by which CoQ is taken up by cells and the role of this process in BAT function are not well understood. Here, we report that the scavenger receptor CD36 drives the uptake of CoQ by BAT and is required for normal BAT function. BAT from mice lacking CD36 displays CoQ deficiency, impaired CoQ uptake, hypertrophy, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and defective nonshivering thermogenesis. Together, these data reveal an important new role for the systemic transport of CoQ to BAT and its function in thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Anderson
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jinshan Wang
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Subramaniam Venkatraman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Casey L Quinlan
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Ryan Ng
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Martin Jastroch
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Daniel I Benjamin
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Biao Nie
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Candice Herber
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - An-Angela Ngoc Van
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael J Park
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dawee Yun
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Karen Chan
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Angela Yu
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter Vuong
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joseph L Napoli
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martin D Brand
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology Department, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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8
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Banerjee S, Wang Y, Solt LA, Griffett K, Kazantzis M, Amador A, El-Gendy BM, Huitron-Resendiz S, Roberts AJ, Shin Y, Kamenecka TM, Burris TP. Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian clock regulates sleep architecture and emotional behaviour. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5759. [PMID: 25536025 PMCID: PMC4495958 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic drug-like molecules that directly modulate the activity of key clock proteins offer the potential to directly modulate the endogenous circadian rhythm and treat diseases associated with clock dysfunction. Here we demonstrate that synthetic ligands targeting a key component of the mammalian clock, the nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and β, regulate sleep architecture and emotional behaviour in mice. REV-ERB agonists induce wakefulness and reduce REM and slow-wave sleep. Interestingly, REV-ERB agonists also reduce anxiety-like behaviour. These data are consistent with increased anxiety-like behaviour of REV-ERBβ-null mice, in which REV-ERB agonists have no effect. These results indicate that pharmacological targeting of REV-ERB may lead to the development of novel therapeutics to treat sleep disorders and anxiety.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Animals
- Anxiety/drug therapy
- Anxiety/genetics
- Anxiety/metabolism
- Anxiety/physiopathology
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- CLOCK Proteins/genetics
- CLOCK Proteins/metabolism
- Circadian Clocks/drug effects
- Circadian Clocks/genetics
- Circadian Rhythm/genetics
- Cryptochromes/genetics
- Cryptochromes/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism
- Period Circadian Proteins/genetics
- Period Circadian Proteins/metabolism
- Pyrrolidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/agonists
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/agonists
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reward
- Signal Transduction
- Sleep, REM/drug effects
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Banerjee
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Laura A. Solt
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Kristine Griffett
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Ariadna Amador
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Bahaa M. El-Gendy
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Salvador Huitron-Resendiz
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Amanda J. Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Youseung Shin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Thomas P. Burris
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104
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9
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Henkin AH, Cohen AS, Dubikovskaya EA, Park HM, Nikitin GF, Auzias MG, Kazantzis M, Bertozzi CR, Stahl A. Real-time noninvasive imaging of fatty acid uptake in vivo. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1884-91. [PMID: 22928772 DOI: 10.1021/cb300194b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection and quantification of fatty acid fluxes in animal model systems following physiological, pathological, or pharmacological challenges is key to our understanding of complex metabolic networks as these macronutrients also activate transcription factors and modulate signaling cascades including insulin sensitivity. To enable noninvasive, real-time, spatiotemporal quantitative imaging of fatty acid fluxes in animals, we created a bioactivatable molecular imaging probe based on long-chain fatty acids conjugated to a reporter molecule (luciferin). We show that this probe faithfully recapitulates cellular fatty acid uptake and can be used in animal systems as a valuable tool to localize and quantitate in real time lipid fluxes such as intestinal fatty acid absorption and brown adipose tissue activation. This imaging approach should further our understanding of basic metabolic processes and pathological alterations in multiple disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena A. Dubikovskaya
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LCBIM, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Gennady F. Nikitin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LCBIM, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu G. Auzias
- Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LCBIM, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Nie B, Park HM, Kazantzis M, Lin M, Henkin A, Ng S, Song S, Chen Y, Tran H, Lai R, Her C, Maher JJ, Forman BM, Stahl A. Specific bile acids inhibit hepatic fatty acid uptake in mice. Hepatology 2012; 56:1300-10. [PMID: 22531947 PMCID: PMC3445775 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bile acids are known to play important roles as detergents in the absorption of hydrophobic nutrients and as signaling molecules in the regulation of metabolism. We tested the novel hypothesis that naturally occurring bile acids interfere with protein-mediated hepatic long chain free fatty acid (LCFA) uptake. To this end, stable cell lines expressing fatty acid transporters as well as primary hepatocytes from mouse and human livers were incubated with primary and secondary bile acids to determine their effects on LCFA uptake rates. We identified ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) as the two most potent inhibitors of the liver-specific fatty acid transport protein 5 (FATP5). Both UDCA and DCA were able to inhibit LCFA uptake by primary hepatocytes in a FATP5-dependent manner. Subsequently, mice were treated with these secondary bile acids in vivo to assess their ability to inhibit diet-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Administration of DCA in vivo via injection or as part of a high-fat diet significantly inhibited hepatic fatty acid uptake and reduced liver triglycerides by more than 50%. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate a novel role for specific bile acids, and the secondary bile acid DCA in particular, in the regulation of hepatic LCFA uptake. The results illuminate a previously unappreciated means by which specific bile acids, such as UDCA and DCA, can impact hepatic triglyceride metabolism and may lead to novel approaches to combat obesity-associated fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Nie
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Hyo Min Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Melissa Kazantzis
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Min Lin
- Diabetes Center, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Amy Henkin
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Stephanie Ng
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sujin Song
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Yuli Chen
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Heather Tran
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Robin Lai
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chris Her
- Department of Medicine and Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave., San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- Department of Medicine and Liver Center, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave., San Francisco, CA 94110
| | - Barry M. Forman
- Diabetes Center, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutritional Science and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
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11
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Kazantzis M, Takahashi V, Hinkle J, Kota S, Zilberfarb V, Issad T, Abdelkarim M, Chouchane L, Strosberg AD. PAZ6 cells constitute a representative model for human brown pre-adipocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:13. [PMID: 22649407 PMCID: PMC3355992 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in human metabolism and its potential as an anti-obesity target organ have recently received much renewed attention. Following radiological detection of substantial amounts of BAT in adults by several independent research groups, an increasing number of studies are now dedicated to uncover BAT's genetic, developmental, and environmental determinants. In contrast to murine BAT, human BAT is not present as a single major fat depot in a well-defined location. The distribution of BAT in several areas in the body significantly limits its availability to research. A human brown adipocyte cell line is therefore critical in broadening the options available to researchers in the field. The human BAT-cell line PAZ6 was created to address such a need and has been well characterized by several research groups around the world. In the present review, we discuss their findings and propose potential applications of the PAZ6 cells in addressing the relevant questions in the BAT field, namely for future use in therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kazantzis
- Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute-FloridaJupiter, FL, USA
- *Correspondence: Melissa Kazantzis, Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute-Florida, 120 Scripps Way, #B110, Jupiter FL, 33458, USA. e-mail:
| | - Virginia Takahashi
- Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute-FloridaJupiter, FL, USA
| | - Jessica Hinkle
- Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute-FloridaJupiter, FL, USA
| | - Smitha Kota
- Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute-FloridaJupiter, FL, USA
| | - Vladimir Zilberfarb
- INSERM U1016Paris, France
- CNRS-UMR8104Paris, France
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Tarik Issad
- INSERM U1016Paris, France
- CNRS-UMR8104Paris, France
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire, Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Mouaadh Abdelkarim
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in QatarDoha, Qatar
| | - Lotfi Chouchane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in QatarDoha, Qatar
| | - Arthur Donny Strosberg
- Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute-FloridaJupiter, FL, USA
- INSERM U1016Paris, France
- Institut Cochin INSERM U1016, Université Paris7-Denis-DiderotParis, France
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12
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Kazantzis M, Stahl A. Fatty acid transport proteins, implications in physiology and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1821:852-7. [PMID: 21979150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Uptake of long-chain fatty acids plays pivotal roles in metabolic homeostasis and human physiology. Uptake rates must be controlled in an organ-specific fashion to balance storage with metabolic needs during transitions between fasted and fed states. Many obesity-associated diseases, such as insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, cardiac lipotoxicity, and hepatic steatosis, are thought to be driven by the overflow of fatty acids from adipose stores and the subsequent ectopic accumulation of lipids resulting in apoptosis, ER stress, and inactivation of the insulin receptor signaling cascade. Thus, it is of critical importance to understand the components that regulate the flux of fatty acid between the different organ systems. Cellular uptake of fatty acids by key metabolic organs, including the intestine, adipose tissue, muscle, heart, and liver, has been shown to be protein mediated and various unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs/SLC27A1-6) are expressed by all of these tissues. Here we review our current understanding of how FATPs can contribute to normal physiology and how FATP mutations as well as hypo- and hypermorphic changes contribute to disorders ranging from cardiac lipotoxicity to hepatosteatosis and ichthyosis. Ultimately, our increasing knowledge of FATP biology has the potential to lead to the development of new diagnostic tools and treatment options for some of the most pervasive chronic human disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Triglyceride Metabolism and Disease.
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13
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Ryu KY, Fujiki N, Kazantzis M, Garza JC, Bouley DM, Stahl A, Lu XY, Nishino S, Kopito RR. Loss of polyubiquitin gene Ubb leads to metabolic and sleep abnormalities in mice. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2009; 36:285-99. [PMID: 20002312 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2009.01057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Ubiquitin performs essential roles in a myriad of signalling pathways required for cellular function and survival. Recently, we reported that disruption of the stress-inducible ubiquitin-encoding gene Ubb reduces ubiquitin content in the hypothalamus and leads to adult-onset obesity coupled with a loss of arcuate nucleus neurones and disrupted energy homeostasis in mice. Neuropeptides expressed in the hypothalamus control both metabolic and sleep behaviours. In order to demonstrate that the loss of Ubb results in broad hypothalamic abnormalities, we attempted to determine whether metabolic and sleep behaviours were altered in Ubb knockout mice. METHODS Metabolic rate and energy expenditure were measured in a metabolic chamber, and sleep stage was monitored via electroencephalographic/electromyographic recording. The presence of neurodegeneration and increased reactive gliosis in the hypothalamus were also evaluated. RESULTS We found that Ubb disruption leads to early-onset reduced activity and metabolic rate. Additionally, we have demonstrated that sleep behaviour is altered and sleep homeostasis is disrupted in Ubb knockout mice. These early metabolic and sleep abnormalities are accompanied by persistent reactive gliosis and the loss of arcuate nucleus neurones, but are independent of neurodegeneration in the lateral hypothalamus. CONCLUSIONS Ubb knockout mice exhibit phenotypes consistent with hypothalamic dysfunction. Our data also indicate that Ubb is essential for the maintenance of the ubiquitin levels required for proper regulation of metabolic and sleep behaviours in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-Y Ryu
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Doege H, Grimm D, Falcon A, Tsang B, Storm TA, Xu H, Ortegon AM, Kazantzis M, Kay MA, Stahl A. Silencing of hepatic fatty acid transporter protein 5 in vivo reverses diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and improves hyperglycemia. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:22186-92. [PMID: 18524776 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803510200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a serious health problem linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes. To investigate the biological outcome and therapeutic potential of hepatic fatty acid uptake inhibition, we utilized an adeno-associated virus-mediated RNA interference technique to knock down the expression of hepatic fatty acid transport protein 5 in vivo prior to or after establishing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Using this approach, we demonstrate here the ability to achieve specific, non-toxic, and persistent knockdown of fatty acid transport protein 5 in mouse livers from a single adeno-associated virus injection, resulting in a marked reduction of hepatic dietary fatty acid uptake, reduced caloric uptake, and concomitant protection from diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Importantly, knockdown of fatty acid transport protein 5 was also able to reverse already established non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, resulting in significantly improved whole-body glucose homeostasis. Thus, continued activity of hepatic fatty acid transport protein 5 is required to sustain caloric uptake and fatty acid flux into the liver during high fat feeding and may present a novel avenue for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Doege
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Palo Alto, California 94301, USA
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15
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Wu Q, Kazantzis M, Doege H, Ortegon AM, Tsang B, Falcon A, Stahl A. Fatty acid transport protein 1 is required for nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Diabetes 2006; 55:3229-37. [PMID: 17130465 DOI: 10.2337/db06-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonshivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) generates heat through the uncoupling of mitochondrial beta-oxidation from ATP production. The principal energy source for this process is fatty acids that are either synthesized de novo in BAT or are imported from circulation. How uptake of fatty acids is mediated and regulated has remained unclear. Here, we show that fatty acid transport protein (FATP)1 is expressed on the plasma membrane of BAT and is upregulated in response to cold stimuli, concomitant with an increase in the rate of fatty acid uptake. In FATP1-null animals, basal fatty acid uptake is reduced and remains unchanged following cold exposure. As a consequence, FATP1 knockout (KO) animals display smaller lipid droplets in BAT and fail to defend their core body temperature at 4 degrees C, despite elevated serum free fatty acid levels. Similarly, FATP1 is expressed by the BAT-derived cell line HIB-1B upon differentiation, and both fatty acid uptake and FATP1 protein levels are rapidly elevated following isoproterenol stimulation. Stimulation of fatty uptake by isoproterenol required both protein kinase A and mitogen-activated kinase signaling and is completely dependent on FATP1 expression, as small-hairpin RNA-mediated knock down of FATP1 abrogated the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wu
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Research Institute, Ames Building, 795 El Camino Real, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
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16
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Kazantzis M, Seelaender MCL. Cancer cachexia modifies the zonal distribution of lipid metabolism-related proteins in rat liver. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 321:419-27. [PMID: 16021474 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-1138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a syndrome that causes profound metabolic disruption. Lipid metabolism in the liver is markedly affected. We investigated the effect of cachexia upon liver-acinus lipid-metabolism zonation in Walker 245 carcinosarcoma-bearing rats (TB). The expression of protein (by Western blotting) and mRNA (by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction) of the enzymes of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase system (CPT I and CPT II) and of liver fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP) was studied. Although no changes were found for these parameters, the maximal activities (by radioassay) of CPT I and II were reduced (P<0.05) in TB compared with controls. CPT II activity in the perivenous (PV) region was higher in TB compared with controls. The distribution of CPT II and L-FABP (by immunohistochemistry) within the acinus was modified by cachexia: whereas CPT II positivity was restricted to the PV zone, L-FABP labelling shifted from periportal (control) to perivenous (TB) zone. These changes in metabolic zonation, together with decreased CPT II activity, may contribute to the aggravation of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kazantzis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Abstract
Kupffer cells (KC), the liver macrophages, are able to produce PGE(2), which is involved in immune suppression and in the aggravation of cancer cachexia due to interference with lipid metabolism in the liver. Since tumour-bearing (TB) rats present high plasma epinephrine levels, and this hormone is able to affect macrophage metabolism and function, we have assessed the effect of epinephrine (5 nM) upon Kupffer cell PGE(2) production. Epinephrine induced increased production of PGE(2) both by control (3.5-fold) and TB rats (27 per cent) KC, an effect blocked by propranolol. Enhancement of cAMP content in the cells by addition of isoproterenol (0.1 microM) to the incubations, however, failed to induce the same response in the cells. Nevertheless, when phenylephrine (1 microM) was added to the incubation, a similar pattern of PGE(2) production to that observed for epinephrine was found for control and TB rat KC. We propose that the effect of epinephrine upon KC PGE(2) production is mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors and that Ca(2+) is involved in the response, since increasing concentrations of the ion added to the incubation medium (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM) enhanced the eicosanoid production, while EDTA abolished the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Seelaender
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Abstract
The liver plays a central role in the establishment and maintenance of the cachectic state in rats bearing extra-hepatic tumours. Kupffer cells, which as macrophages, show a strong relationship between metabolism and function could be involved in the alterations observed in the disruption of many functions of the organ as a whole. To assess whether the metabolic/functional pattern of Kupffer cells was altered by cachexia we have investigated the utilization of glucose, glutamine and palmitate by the cells from tumour-bearing and control rats. We have found an enhanced utilization of the three substrates by the cells from tumour-bearing rats as compared with controls, which was related to greater energy production through the Krebs cycle and enhanced production of precursors for the synthesis of the many substances the cells secrete when activated. The use of palmitate as substrate was also augmented in these cells, in the opposition to the observation in stimulated peritoneal macrophages. The availability of palmitate however, was not associated with a reduction of glucose or glutamine consumption. The cycle of interconversion, free fatty acids/triacyglycerol in Kupffer cells from tumour-bearing rats was also found to be increased, as was hydrogen peroxide production. Taken together the results suggest an increased utilization of substrates for both energy production and for synthetic processes (e.g. NADPH for hydrogen peroxide production).
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Rosa
- Department of Histology and Emrbyology, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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