1
|
Seco R, Nagalingam S, Joo E, Gu D, Guenther A. The UCI Fluxtron: A versatile dynamic chamber and software system for biosphere-atmosphere exchange research. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143061. [PMID: 39127187 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Here we present the UCI Fluxtron, a cost-effective multi-enclosure dynamic gas exchange system that provides an adequate level of control of the experimental conditions for investigating biosphere-atmosphere exchange of trace gases. We focus on the hardware and software used to monitor, control, and record the air flows, temperatures, and valve switching, and on the software that processes the collected data to calculate the exchange flux of trace gases. We provide the detailed list of commercial materials used and also the software code developed for the Fluxtron, so that similar dynamic enclosure systems can be quickly adopted by interested researchers. Furthermore, the two software components -Fluxtron Control and Fluxtron Process- work independently of each other, thus being highly adaptable for other experimental designs. Beyond plants, the same experimental setup can be applied to the study of trace gas exchange by animals, microbes, soil, or any materials that can be enclosed in a suitable container.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Seco
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sanjeevi Nagalingam
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Eva Joo
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Dasa Gu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang H, Welch AM, Nagalingam S, Leong C, Czimczik CI, Tang J, Seco R, Rinnan R, Vettikkat L, Schobesberger S, Holst T, Brijesh S, Sheesley RJ, Barsanti KC, Guenther AB. High temperature sensitivity of Arctic isoprene emissions explained by sedges. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6144. [PMID: 39034371 PMCID: PMC11271288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been widely reported that isoprene emissions from the Arctic ecosystem have a strong temperature response. Here we identify sedges (Carex spp. and Eriophorum spp.) as key contributors to this high sensitivity using plant chamber experiments. We observe that sedges exhibit a markedly stronger temperature response compared to that of other isoprene emitters and predictions by the widely accepted isoprene emission model, the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). MEGAN is able to reproduce eddy-covariance flux observations at three high-latitude sites by integrating our findings. Furthermore, the omission of the strong temperature responses of Arctic isoprene emitters causes a 20% underestimation of isoprene emissions for the high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere during 2000-2009 in the Community Land Model with the MEGAN scheme. We also find that the existing model had underestimated the long-term trend of isoprene emissions from 1960 to 2009 by 55% for the high-latitude regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
| | - Allison M Welch
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sanjeevi Nagalingam
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Christopher Leong
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Claudia I Czimczik
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jing Tang
- Center of Volatile Interactions (VOLT), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Roger Seco
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Center of Volatile Interactions (VOLT), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark.
| | - Lejish Vettikkat
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Holst
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shobhit Brijesh
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rebecca J Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Kelley C Barsanti
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Research & Technology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex B Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ndah FA, Michelsen A, Rinnan R, Maljanen M, Mikkonen S, Kivimäenpää M. Impact of three decades of warming, increased nutrient availability, and increased cloudiness on the fluxes of greenhouse gases and biogenic volatile organic compounds in a subarctic tundra heath. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17416. [PMID: 38994730 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is exposing subarctic ecosystems to higher temperatures, increased nutrient availability, and increasing cloud cover. In this study, we assessed how these factors affect the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) (i.e., methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2)), and biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in a subarctic mesic heath subjected to 34 years of climate change related manipulations of temperature, nutrient availability, and light. GHGs were sampled from static chambers and gases analyzed with gas chromatograph. BVOCs were measured using the push-pull method and gases analyzed with chromatography-mass spectrometry. The soil temperature and moisture content in the warmed and shaded plots did not differ significantly from that in the controls during GHG and BVOC measurements. Also, the enclosure temperatures during BVOC measurements in the warmed and shaded plots did not differ significantly from temperatures in the controls. Hence, this allowed for assessment of long-term effects of the climate treatment manipulations without interference of temperature and moisture differences at the time of measurements. Warming enhanced CH4 uptake and the emissions of CO2, N2O, and isoprene. Increased nutrient availability increased the emissions of CO2 and N2O but caused no significant changes in the fluxes of CH4 and BVOCs. Shading (simulating increased cloudiness) enhanced CH4 uptake but caused no significant changes in the fluxes of other gases compared to the controls. The results show that climate warming and increased cloudiness will enhance CH4 sink strength of subarctic mesic heath ecosystems, providing negative climate feedback, while climate warming and enhanced nutrient availability will provide positive climate feedback through increased emissions of CO2 and N2O. Climate warming will also indirectly, through vegetation changes, increase the amount of carbon lost as isoprene from subarctic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flobert A Ndah
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Center for Volatile Interactions (VOLT), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marja Maljanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bao X, Zhou W, Wang W, Yao Y, Xu L. Tree species classification improves the estimation of BVOCs from urban greenspace. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169762. [PMID: 38176560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Accurate estimation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions from urban plants is important as BVOCs affect the formation of secondary pollutants and human health. However, uncertainties exist for the estimation of BVOCs emissions from urban greenspace due to the lack of tree species classification with high spatial resolution. Here, we generated a tree species classification dataset with 10 m resolution to estimate tree species-level BVOCs emissions and quantify their impact on air quality in Shenzhen in southern China. The results showed that for the entire city, the BVOCs emissions based on traditional plant functional types (PFTs) dataset were substantially underestimated compared with the tree species classification data (6.37 kt versus 8.23 kt, with 22.60 % difference). The underestimation is particularly prominent in urban built-up areas, where our estimation was 1.65 kt, nearly twice of that based on PFTs data (0.86 kt). BVOCs estimation in built-up areas contributed approximately 20.07 % to the total. These BVOCs contributed substantially to the increase of ambient O3, but had limited impacts to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Our results underscore the importance of high spatial resolution tree species-level classification in more accurate estimation of BVOCs, especially in highly developed urban areas. The enhanced understanding of the patterns of BVOCs emissions by urban trees and the impact on secondary pollutants can better support fine-scale tree planning and management for livable environments in urban areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weiqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Megaregion National Observation and Research Station for Eco-Environmental Change, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan New Area, 071000, China.
| | - Weimin Wang
- Shenzhen Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen 518049, China; Guangdong Greater Bay Area, Change and Comprehensive Treatment of Regional Ecology and Environment, National Observation and Research Station, Shenzhen 518049, China; State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecology and Environment of Rapid Urbanization Region, Shenzhen 518049, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linli Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Oku H, Iqbal A, Oogai S, Inafuku M, Mutanda I. Relationship between Cumulative Temperature and Light Intensity and G93 Parameters of Isoprene Emission for the Tropical Tree Ficus septica. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:243. [PMID: 38256797 PMCID: PMC10820733 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The most widely used isoprene emission algorithm, G93 formula, estimates instantaneous leaf-level isoprene emission using the basal emission factor and light and temperature dependency parameters. The G93 parameters have been suggested to show variation depending on past weather conditions, but no study has closely examined the relationship between past meteorological data and the algorithm parameters. Here, to examine the influence of the past weather on these parameters, we monitored weather conditions, G93 parameters, isoprene synthase transcripts and protein levels, and MEP pathway metabolites in the tropical tree Ficus septica for 12 days and analyzed their relationship with cumulative temperature and light intensity. Plants were illuminated with varying (ascending and descending) light regimes, and our previously developed Ping-Pong optimization method was used to parameterize G93. The cumulative temperature of the past 5 and 7 days positively correlated with CT2 and α, respectively, while the cumulative light intensity of the past 10 days showed the highest negative correlation with α. Concentrations of MEP pathway metabolites and IspS gene expression increased with increasing cumulative temperature. At best, the cumulative temperature of the past 2 days positively correlated with the MEP pathway metabolites and IspS gene expression, while these factors showed a biphasic positive and negative correlation with cumulative light intensity. Optimized G93 captured well the temperature and light dependency of isoprene emission at the beginning of the experiment; however, its performance significantly decreased for the latter stages of the experimental duration, especially for the descending phase. This was successfully improved through separate optimization of the ascending and descending phases, emphasizing the importance of the optimization of formula parameters and model improvement. These results have important implications for the improvement of isoprene emission algorithms, particularly under the predicted increase in future global temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirosuke Oku
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (H.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Asif Iqbal
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
| | - Shigeki Oogai
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (H.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Masashi Inafuku
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;
| | - Ishmael Mutanda
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; (H.O.); (S.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jin S, Zhong L, Zhang X, Li X, Li B, Fang X. Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds: Concentration Characteristics and Health Risk Analysis on a University Campus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105829. [PMID: 37239556 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major indoor air pollutants that contain several toxic substances. However, there are few studies on health risk assessments of indoor VOCs in China. This study aimed to determine the concentration characteristics of VOCs on college campuses by collecting VOC samples from different locations on campus during different seasons combined with the exposure times of college students in each location obtained from a questionnaire survey to assess the possible health risks. The highest total VOC concentration (254 ± 101 µg/m3) was in the dormitory. The seasonal variation of TVOC concentrations was related to the variation of emission sources in addition to temperature. Health risk assessments of VOCs were evaluated using non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values, represented by hazard quotient (HQ) and lifetime cancer risk (LCR), respectively. The non-carcinogenic risks at all sampling sites were within the safe range (HQ < 1). Dormitories had the highest carcinogenic risk, whereas the carcinogenic risk in the other three places was low (with LCR < 1.0 × 10-6). Moreover, 1,2-dichloroethane was identified as a possible carcinogenic risk substance in the dormitory due to its high LCR (1.95 × 10-6). This study provides basic data on health risks in different locations on campus and a basis for formulating measures to improve people's living environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjia Jin
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhong
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueyi Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinhe Li
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bowei Li
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuekun Fang
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghosh S. Enantioselective terpene emission signifies forest climate response mechanism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:382-385. [PMID: 36732174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Forest vegetation produces terpene enantiomers, but atmospheric emission mechanisms and ecological functions remain poorly understood. In a study on the tropical rainforest ecosystem, Byron et al. noticed distinct diel trends and sources of enantiomer emission, and a striking change in (-)-α-pinene emission under severe drought, which might favor cloud formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|