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Mackova V, Raudenska M, Polanska HH, Jakubek M, Masarik M. Navigating the redox landscape: reactive oxygen species in regulation of cell cycle. Redox Rep 2024; 29:2371173. [PMID: 38972297 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2024.2371173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To advance our knowledge of disease mechanisms and therapeutic options, understanding cell cycle regulation is critical. Recent research has highlighted the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell cycle regulation. Although excessive ROS levels can lead to age-related pathologies, ROS also play an essential role in normal cellular functions. Many cell cycle regulatory proteins are affected by their redox status, but the precise mechanisms and conditions under which ROS promote or inhibit cell proliferation are not fully understood.Methods: This review presents data from the scientific literature and publicly available databases on changes in redox state during the cell cycle and their effects on key regulatory proteins.Results: We identified redox-sensitive targets within the cell cycle machinery and analysed different effects of ROS (type, concentration, duration of exposure) on cell cycle phases. For example, moderate levels of ROS can promote cell proliferation by activating signalling pathways involved in cell cycle progression, whereas excessive ROS levels can induce DNA damage and trigger cell cycle arrest or cell death.Discussion: Our findings encourage future research focused on identifying redox-sensitive targets in the cell cycle machinery, potentially leading to new treatments for diseases with dysregulated cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Mackova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Holcova Polanska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Poljšak B, Milisav I. Decreasing Intracellular Entropy by Increasing Mitochondrial Efficiency and Reducing ROS Formation-The Effect on the Ageing Process and Age-Related Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6321. [PMID: 38928027 PMCID: PMC11203720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A hypothesis is presented to explain how the ageing process might be influenced by optimizing mitochondrial efficiency to reduce intracellular entropy. Research-based quantifications of entropy are scarce. Non-equilibrium metabolic reactions and compartmentalization were found to contribute most to lowering entropy in the cells. Like the cells, mitochondria are thermodynamically open systems exchanging matter and energy with their surroundings-the rest of the cell. Based on the calculations from cancer cells, glycolysis was reported to produce less entropy than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. However, these estimations depended on the CO2 concentration so that at slightly increased CO2, it was oxidative phosphorylation that produced less entropy. Also, the thermodynamic efficiency of mitochondrial respiratory complexes varies depending on the respiratory state and oxidant/antioxidant balance. Therefore, in spite of long-standing theoretical and practical efforts, more measurements, also in isolated mitochondria, with intact and suboptimal respiration, are needed to resolve the issue. Entropy increases in ageing while mitochondrial efficiency of energy conversion, quality control, and turnover mechanisms deteriorate. Optimally functioning mitochondria are necessary to meet energy demands for cellular defence and repair processes to attenuate ageing. The intuitive approach of simply supplying more metabolic fuels (more nutrients) often has the opposite effect, namely a decrease in energy production in the case of nutrient overload. Excessive nutrient intake and obesity accelerate ageing, while calorie restriction without malnutrition can prolong life. Balanced nutrient intake adapted to needs/activity-based high ATP requirement increases mitochondrial respiratory efficiency and leads to multiple alterations in gene expression and metabolic adaptations. Therefore, rather than overfeeding, it is necessary to fine-tune energy production by optimizing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress; the evidence is discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borut Poljšak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Irina Milisav
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Du Y, Zhou Y, Yan X, Pan F, He L, Guo Z, Hu Z. APE1 inhibition enhances ferroptotic cell death and contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:431-446. [PMID: 38418695 PMCID: PMC11043431 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of ferroptosis in HCC remain to be unclear. In this study, we have identified a novel regulatory pathway of ferroptosis involving the inhibition of Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a key enzyme with dual functions in DNA repair and redox regulation. Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of APE1 leads to the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and enhances ferroptosis in HCC. At the molecular level, the inhibition of APE1 enhances ferroptosis which relies on the redox activity of APE1 through the regulation of the NRF2/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis. We have identified that both genetic and chemical inhibition of APE1 increases AKT oxidation, resulting in an impairment of AKT phosphorylation and activation, which leads to the dephosphorylation and activation of GSK3β, facilitating the subsequent ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of NRF2. Consequently, the downregulation of NRF2 suppresses SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression, triggering ferroptosis in HCC cells and providing a potential therapeutic approach for ferroptosis-based therapy in HCC. Overall, our study uncovers a novel role and mechanism of APE1 in the regulation of ferroptosis and highlights the potential of targeting APE1 as a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feiyan Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingfeng He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 WenYuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Yadav AK, Singh TR. Computational approach for assessing the involvement of SMYD2 protein in human cancers using TCGA data. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:122. [PMID: 37971632 PMCID: PMC10654300 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMYD2 is a protein of the SET and MYND domain-containing family SMYD. It can methylate the lysine residue of various histone and nonhistone cancer-related proteins and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Although emerging evidence supports the association of SMYD2 in the progression of cancers, but its definitive effect is not yet clear. Therefore, further study of the gene in relation with cancer progression needs to be conducted. In the current study, investigators used TCGA data to determine the potential carcinogenic effect of SMYD2 in 11 cancer types. The transcriptional expression, survival rate, mutations, enriched pathways, and Gene Ontology of the SMYD2 were explored using different bioinformatics tools and servers. In addition, we also examined the correlation between SMYD2 gene expression and immunocyte infiltration in multiple cancer types. RESULTS Findings revealed that higher expression of SMYD2 was significantly correlated with cancer incidents. In CESC and KIRC, the mRNA expression of SMYD2 was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS). In BRCA, KIRC, COAD, and HNSC, the mRNA expression of SMYD2 was significantly correlated with disease-free survival (DFS). We detected 15 missense, 4 truncating, 4 fusions, and 1 splice type of mutation. The expression of SMYD2 was significantly correlated with tumor purity and immunocyte infiltration in six cancer types. The gene GNPAT was highly associated with SMYD2. Significant pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) terms for co-expressed genes were associated to various processes linked with cancer formation. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data-driven results may provide reasonably comprehensive insights for understanding the carcinogenic effect of SMYD2. It suggests that SMYD2 might be used as a significant target for identifying new biomarkers for various human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan-173234, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tiratha Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan-173234, Himachal Pradesh, India.
- Centre of Excellence in Healthcare Technologies and Informatics (CHETI), Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan-173234, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Sun Y, Wang Z, Gong P, Yao W, Ba Q, Wang H. Review on the health-promoting effect of adequate selenium status. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1136458. [PMID: 37006921 PMCID: PMC10060562 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1136458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential microelement involved in various biological processes. Selenium deficiency increases the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Selenium possesses anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and intestinal microbiota-regulating properties. The non-linear dose-response relationship between selenium status and health effects is U-shaped; individuals with low baseline selenium levels may benefit from supplementation, whereas those with acceptable or high selenium levels may face possible health hazards. Selenium supplementation is beneficial in various populations and conditions; however, given its small safety window, the safety of selenium supplementation is still a subject of debate. This review summarizes the current understanding of the health-promoting effects of selenium on the human body, the dietary reference intake, and evidence of the association between selenium deficiency and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Pin Gong,
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Wenbo Yao,
| | - Qian Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Qian Ba,
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang,
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Shahiwala AF, Khan GA. Potential Phytochemicals for Prevention of Familial Breast Cancer with BRCA Mutations. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:521-531. [PMID: 36918779 DOI: 10.2174/1389450124666230314110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has remained a global challenge and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in women and family history. Hereditary factors are some of the major risk factors associated with breast cancer. Out of total breast cancer cases, 5-10% account only for familial breast cancer, and nearly 50% of all hereditary breast cancer are due to BRCA1/BRCA2 germline mutations. BRCA1/2 mutations play an important role not only in determining the clinical prognosis of breast cancer but also in the survival curves. Since this risk factor is known, a significant amount of the healthcare burden can be reduced by taking preventive measures among people with a known history of familial breast cancer. There is increasing evidence that phytochemicals of nutrients and supplements help in the prevention and cure of BRCA-related cancers by different mechanisms such as limiting DNA damage, altering estrogen metabolism, or upregulating expression of the normal BRCA allele, and ultimately enhancing DNA repair. This manuscript reviews different approaches used to identify potential phytochemicals to mitigate the risk of familial breast cancer with BRCA mutations. The findings of this review can be extended for the prevention and cure of any BRCAmutated cancer after proper experimental and clinical validation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gazala Afreen Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacotherapeutics, Dubai Pharmacy College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Pathak AK, Husain N, Kant S, Bala L. Reflection of p53 phenotype in tumor tissue by genotypic variants in glutathione S-transferases: An association with DNA damage in lung adenocarcinoma. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Ehudin MA, Golla U, Trivedi D, Potlakayala SD, Rudrabhatla SV, Desai D, Dovat S, Claxton D, Sharma A. Therapeutic Benefits of Selenium in Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147972. [PMID: 35887320 PMCID: PMC9323677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplementing chemotherapy and radiotherapy with selenium has been shown to have benefits against various cancers. This approach has also been shown to alleviate the side effects associated with standard cancer therapies and improve the quality of life in patients. In addition, selenium levels in patients have been correlated with various cancers and have served as a diagnostic marker to track the efficiency of treatments or to determine whether these selenium levels cause or are a result of the disease. This concise review presents a survey of the selenium-based literature, with a focus on hematological malignancies, to demonstrate the significant impact of selenium in different cancers. The anti-cancer mechanisms and signaling pathways regulated by selenium, which impart its efficacious properties, are discussed. An outlook into the relationship between selenium and cancer is highlighted to guide future cancer therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Ehudin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (S.D.)
| | - Upendarrao Golla
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Devnah Trivedi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Shobha D. Potlakayala
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science Engineering and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA; (S.D.P.); (S.V.R.)
| | - Sairam V. Rudrabhatla
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science Engineering and Technology, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA; (S.D.P.); (S.V.R.)
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (S.D.)
| | - David Claxton
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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ROS-Related miRNAs Regulate Immune Response and Chemoradiotherapy Sensitivity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Comprehensive Analysis and Experiment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4713518. [PMID: 35585886 PMCID: PMC9110211 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4713518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an essential role in the development of cancer. Here, we chose ROS-related miRNAs for consensus clustering analysis and ROS score construction. We find that ROS is extremely associated with prognosis, tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), gene mutations, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, and chemotherapy sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mechanistically, ROS may affect the prognosis of HCC patients in numerous ways. Moreover, miR-210-3p and miR-106a-5p significantly increased the ROS level and stagnated cell cycle at G2/M in HCC; the results were more obvious in cells after ionizing radiation (IR). Finally, the two miRNAs suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in huh7 and smmc7721 cells. It indicated that ROS might affect the prognosis of HCC patients through immune response and increase the sensitivity of HCC patients to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
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10
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Pramanik S, Chen Y, Song H, Khutsishvili I, Marky LA, Ray S, Natarajan A, Singh P, Bhakat K. The human AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a DNA G-quadruplex structure binding protein and regulates KRAS expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3394-3412. [PMID: 35286386 PMCID: PMC8990529 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most aggressive types of cancer, is characterized by aberrant activity of oncogenic KRAS. A nuclease-hypersensitive GC-rich region in KRAS promoter can fold into a four-stranded DNA secondary structure called G-quadruplex (G4), known to regulate KRAS expression. However, the factors that regulate stable G4 formation in the genome and KRAS expression in PDAC are largely unknown. Here, we show that APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1), a multifunctional DNA repair enzyme, is a G4-binding protein, and loss of APE1 abrogates the formation of stable G4 structures in cells. Recombinant APE1 binds to KRAS promoter G4 structure with high affinity and promotes G4 folding in vitro. Knockdown of APE1 reduces MAZ transcription factor loading onto the KRAS promoter, thus reducing KRAS expression in PDAC cells. Moreover, downregulation of APE1 sensitizes PDAC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. We also demonstrate that PDAC patients' tissue samples have elevated levels of both APE1 and G4 DNA. Our findings unravel a critical role of APE1 in regulating stable G4 formation and KRAS expression in PDAC and highlight G4 structures as genomic features with potential application as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Pramanik
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Yingling Chen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Heyu Song
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Irine Khutsishvili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Luis A Marky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sutapa Ray
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kishor K Bhakat
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Butera G, Manfredi M, Fiore A, Brandi J, Pacchiana R, De Giorgis V, Barberis E, Vanella V, Galasso M, Scupoli MT, Marengo E, Cecconi D, Donadelli M. Tumor Suppressor Role of Wild-Type P53-Dependent Secretome and Its Proteomic Identification in PDAC. Biomolecules 2022; 12:305. [PMID: 35204804 PMCID: PMC8869417 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the cancer secretome is gaining even more importance in cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whose lack of recognizable symptoms and early detection assays make this type of cancer highly lethal. The wild-type p53 protein, frequently mutated in PDAC, prevents tumorigenesis by regulating a plethora of signaling pathways. The importance of the p53 tumor suppressive activity is not only primarily involved within cells to limit tumor cell proliferation but also in the extracellular space. Thus, loss of p53 has a profound impact on the secretome composition of cancer cells and marks the transition to invasiveness. Here, we demonstrate the tumor suppressive role of wild-type p53 on cancer cell secretome, showing the anti-proliferative, apoptotic and chemosensitivity effects of wild-type p53 driven conditioned medium. By using high-resolution SWATH-MS technology, we characterized the secretomes of p53-deficient and p53-expressing PDAC cells. We found a great number of secreted proteins that have known roles in cancer-related processes, 30 of which showed enhanced and 17 reduced secretion in response to p53 silencing. These results are important to advance our understanding on the link between wt-p53 and cancer microenvironment. In conclusion, this approach may detect a secreted signature specifically driven by wild-type p53 in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Virginia Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marilisa Galasso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
- Research Center LURM, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
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Butturini E, Butera G, Pacchiana R, Carcereri de Prati A, Mariotto S, Donadelli M. Redox Sensitive Cysteine Residues as Crucial Regulators of Wild-Type and Mutant p53 Isoforms. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113149. [PMID: 34831372 PMCID: PMC8618966 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The wild-type protein p53 plays a key role in preventing the formation of neoplasms by controlling cell growth. However, in more than a half of all cancers, the TP53 gene has missense mutations that appear during tumorigenesis. In most cases, the mutated gene encodes a full-length protein with the substitution of a single amino acid, resulting in structural and functional changes and acquiring an oncogenic role. This dual role of the wild-type protein and the mutated isoforms is also evident in the regulation of the redox state of the cell, with antioxidant and prooxidant functions, respectively. In this review, we introduce a new concept of the p53 protein by discussing its sensitivity to the cellular redox state. In particular, we focus on the discussion of structural and functional changes following post-translational modifications of redox-sensitive cysteine residues, which are also responsible for interacting with zinc ions for proper structural folding. We will also discuss therapeutic opportunities using small molecules targeting cysteines capable of modifying the structure and function of the p53 mutant isoforms in view of possible anticancer therapies for patients possessing the mutation in the TP53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sofia Mariotto
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-045-8027167 (S.M.); +39-045-8027281 (M.D.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-045-8027167 (S.M.); +39-045-8027281 (M.D.)
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13
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Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most widely diagnosed cancer in the United States, is rising in incidence despite public health and educational campaigns that highlight the importance of sun avoidance. It is,therefore, important to establish other modifiable risk factors that may be contributing to this increase. There is a growing body of evidence in the literature suggesting certain nutrients may have protective or harmful effects on NMSC. We review the current literature on nutrition and its effect on NMSC with a focus on dietary fat, vitamin A, nicotinamide, folate, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, polyphenols, and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stoj
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Neda Shahriari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kimberly Shao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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14
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p53-Dependent Repression: DREAM or Reality? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194850. [PMID: 34638334 PMCID: PMC8508069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The tumor suppressor p53 is a complex cell signaling hub encompassing multiple transcription programs and governs a vast repertoire of biological responses. However, despite several decades of research, how p53 selects one program over another is still elusive. Recent attempts have used meta-analyses of p53 ChIP-seq data to determine the core p53 transcriptional program, conserved across different models and stimuli. This review highlights the complexity of the multiple layers of p53 regulation and the context specificity of p53 target genes. More specifically, we discuss the controversy over the mechanisms of p53-dependent transcriptional repression and its potential role in the flexibility of p53 response. Abstract p53 is a major tumor suppressor that integrates diverse types of signaling in mammalian cells. In response to a broad range of intra- or extra-cellular stimuli, p53 controls the expression of multiple target genes and elicits a vast repertoire of biological responses. The exact code by which p53 integrates the various stresses and translates them into an appropriate transcriptional response is still obscure. p53 is tightly regulated at multiple levels, leading to a wide diversity in p53 complexes on its target promoters and providing adaptability to its transcriptional program. As p53-targeted therapies are making their way into clinics, we need to understand how to direct p53 towards the desired outcome (i.e., cell death, senescence or other) selectively in cancer cells without affecting normal tissues or the immune system. While the core p53 transcriptional program has been proposed, the mechanisms conferring a cell type- and stimuli-dependent transcriptional outcome by p53 require further investigations. The mechanism by which p53 localizes to repressed promoters and manages its co-repressor interactions is controversial and remains an important gap in our understanding of the p53 cistrome. We hope that our review of the recent literature will help to stimulate the appreciation and investigation of largely unexplored p53-mediated repression.
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15
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Hu W, Zhao C, Hu H, Yin S. Food Sources of Selenium and Its Relationship with Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051739. [PMID: 34065478 PMCID: PMC8160805 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for mammals, and its deficiency seriously threatens human health. A series of biofortification strategies have been developed to produce Se-enriched foods for combating Se deficiency. Although there have been some inconsistent results, extensive evidence has suggested that Se supplementation is beneficial for preventing and treating several chronic diseases. Understanding the association between Se and chronic diseases is essential for guiding clinical practice, developing effective public health policies, and ultimately counteracting health issues associated with Se deficiency. The current review will discuss the food sources of Se, biofortification strategies, metabolism and biological activities, clinical disorders and dietary reference intakes, as well as the relationship between Se and health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic inflammation, cancer, and fertility. Additionally, some concepts were proposed, there is a non-linear U-shaped dose-responsive relationship between Se status and health effects: subjects with a low baseline Se status can benefit from Se supplementation, while Se supplementation in populations with an adequate or high status may potentially increase the risk of some diseases. In addition, at supra-nutritional levels, methylated Se compounds exerted more promising cancer chemo-preventive efficacy in preclinical trials.
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16
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Zhu W, Liu Y, Zhang W, Fan W, Wang S, Gu JH, Sun H, Liu F. Selenomethionine protects hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells against cobalt nanoparticles by stimulating antioxidant actions and DNA repair functions. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11705-11726. [PMID: 33875618 PMCID: PMC8109066 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) can differentiate into all blood lineages to maintain hematopoiesis, wound healing, and immune functions. Recently, cobalt-chromium alloy casting implants have been used extensively in total hip replacements; however, cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) released from the alloy were toxic to HSCs and HPCs. We aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the toxic effect of CoNPs on HSCs/HPCs and to determine the protective effect of selenomethionine (SeMet) against CoNPs in vitro and in vivo. Human and rat CD34+ HSCs/HPCs were isolated from cord blood and bone marrow, respectively. CoNPs decreased the viability of CD34+ HSCs/HPCs and increased apoptosis. SeMet attenuated the toxicity of CoNPs by enhancing the antioxidant ability of cells. The protective effect of SeMet was not completely abolished after adding H2O2 to abrogate the improvement of the antioxidant capacity by SeMet. SeMet and CoNPs stimulated ATM/ATR DNA damage response signals and inhibited cell proliferation. Unlike CoNPs, SeMet did not damage the DNA, and cell proliferation recovered after removing SeMet. SeMet inhibited the CoNP-induced upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, thereby disrupting the inhibitory effect of HIF-1α on breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1). Moreover, SeMet promoted BRCA1-mediated ubiquitination of cyclin B by upregulating UBE2K. Thus, SeMet enhanced cell cycle arrest and DNA repair post-CoNP exposure. Overall, SeMet protected CD34+ HSCs/HPCs against CoNPs by stimulating antioxidant activity and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Zhu
- Orthopaedic Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yake Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weinan Zhang
- Orthopaedic Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Orthopaedic Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin-Hua Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huanjian Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Lu L, Zhang J, Gan P, Wu L, Zhang X, Peng C, Zhou J, Chen X, Su J. Novel Functions of CD147 in the Mitochondria Exacerbates Melanoma Metastasis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:285-297. [PMID: 33390850 PMCID: PMC7757041 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer characterized by rapid invasion and metastasis. CD147 is known to be functioning in cell invasion. In this study, we showed that CD147 was translocated from the cell membrane to the mitochondria in advanced melanoma. Melanoma patients with CD147 localized to the mitochondria confer a worse prognosis. The mitochondrial CD147 levels are correlated with the invasion potential of various melanoma cell lines as well as mitochondrial energy metabolism. Depletion of CD147 decreased the activity of mitochondrial complex V. STRING analysis for protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN) in CD147-depleted melanoma cells showed that mitochondrial proteins HSP60 and ATP5B, a subunit of mitochondrial complex V, were node proteins. HSP60 upregulation was correlated with a worse prognosis of melanoma patients. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay indicates that CD147 interacts with HSP60. These data suggested that mitochondrial CD147 may prompt HSP60 to activate ATP5B, thereby promoting the mitochondrial aerobic oxidation and the invasive abilities of melanoma cells. Correlation analysis of the data acquired from patients was helpful to draw a 5-year survival curve for patients who screened positive and negative for mitochondrial CD147. This study unravels the function of CD147 in tumor invasion and highlights it as a potential tumor therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pingping Gan
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Lisha Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic surgery, Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Ananth S, Miyauchi S, Thangaraju M, Jadeja RN, Bartoli M, Ganapathy V, Martin PM. Selenomethionine (Se-Met) Induces the Cystine/Glutamate Exchanger SLC7A11 in Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cells: Implications for Antioxidant Therapy in Aging Retina. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010009. [PMID: 33374239 PMCID: PMC7823377 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage has been identified as a major causative factor in degenerative diseases of the retina; retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are at high risk. Hence, identifying novel strategies for increasing the antioxidant capacity of RPE cells, the purpose of this study, is important. Specifically, we evaluated the influence of selenium in the form of selenomethionine (Se-Met) in cultured RPE cells on system xc- expression and functional activity and on cellular levels of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant. ARPE-19 and mouse RPE cells were cultured with and without selenomethionine (Se-Met), the principal form of selenium in the diet. Promoter activity assay, uptake assay, RT-PCR, northern and western blots, and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the expression of xc-, Nrf2, and its target genes. Se-Met activated Nrf2 and induced the expression and function of xc- in RPE. Other target genes of Nrf2 were also induced. System xc- consists of two subunits, and Se-Met induced the subunit responsible for transport activity (SLC7A11). Selenocysteine also induced xc- but with less potency. The effect of Se-met on xc- was associated with an increase in maximal velocity and an increase in substrate affinity. Se-Met increased the cellular levels of glutathione in the control, an oxidatively stressed RPE. The Se-Met effect was selective; under identical conditions, taurine transport was not affected and Na+-coupled glutamate transport was inhibited. This study demonstrates that Se-Met enhances the antioxidant capacity of RPE by inducing the transporter xc- with a consequent increase in glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Ananth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (R.N.J.)
| | - Seiji Miyauchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (R.N.J.)
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (R.N.J.)
| | - Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (R.N.J.)
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Manuela Bartoli
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Pamela M. Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (S.M.); (M.T.); (R.N.J.)
- Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +706-721-4220; Fax: +706-721-6608
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19
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Lieschke E, Wang Z, Kelly GL, Strasser A. Discussion of some 'knowns' and some 'unknowns' about the tumour suppressor p53. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:212-223. [PMID: 30496435 PMCID: PMC6478126 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the tumour suppressor p53 upon cellular stress can induce a number of different cellular processes. The diverse actions of these processes are critical for the protective function of p53 in preventing the development of cancer. However, it is still not fully understood which process(es) activated by p53 is/are critical for tumour suppression and how this might differ depending on the type of cells undergoing neoplastic transformation and the nature of the drivers of oncogenesis. Moreover, it is not clear why upon activation of p53 some cells undergo cell cycle arrest and senescence whereas others die by apoptosis. Here we discuss some of the cellular processes that are crucial for p53-mediated tumour suppression and the factors that could impact cell fate upon p53 activation. Finally, we describe therapies aimed either at activating wild-type p53 or at changing the behaviour of mutant p53 to unleash tumour growth suppressive processes for therapeutic benefit in malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Lieschke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zilu Wang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Rusetskaya NY, Fedotov IV, Koftina VA, Borodulin VB. Selenium Compounds in Redox Regulation of Inflammation and Apoptosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750819040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Sun F, Wang J, Wu X, Yang CS, Zhang J. Selenium nanoparticles act as an intestinal p53 inhibitor mitigating chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in mice. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104475. [PMID: 31593755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selenium, at high-dose levels approaching its toxicity, protects tissues from dose-limiting toxicities of many cancer chemotherapeutics without compromising their therapeutic effects on tumors, there by allowing the delivery of higher chemotherapeutic doses to achieve increased cure rate. In this regard, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), which show the lowest toxicity among extensively investigated selenium compounds including methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine, are more promising for application. The key issue remains to be resolved is whether low-toxicity SeNPs possess a selective protective mechanism. p53 or p53-regulated thrombospondin-1 has each been confirmed to be an appropriate target for therapeutic suppression to reduce side effects of anticancer therapy. The present study demonstrated that SeNPs transiently suppressed the expression of many intestinal p53-associated genes in healthy mice. SeNPs did not interfere with tumor-suppressive effect of nedaplatin, a cisplatin analogue; however, effectively reduced nedaplatin-evoked diarrhea. Nedaplatin-induced diarrhea was associated with activation of intestinal p53 and high expression of intestinal thrombospondin-1. The preventive effect of SeNPs on nedaplatin-induced diarrhea was correlated with a powerful concomitant suppression of p53 and thrombospondin-1. Moreover, the high-dose SeNPs used in the present study did not suppress growth nor caused liver and kidney injuries as well as alterations of hematological parameters in healthy mice. Overall, the present study reveals that chemotherapeutic selectivity conferred by SeNPs involves a dual suppression of two well-documented targets, the p53 and thrombospondin-1, providing mechanistic and pharmacologic insights on low-toxicity SeNPs as a potential chemoprotectant for mitigating chemotherapy-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, School of Tea & Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, School of Tea & Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ximing Wu
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, School of Tea & Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, School of Tea & Food Science, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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22
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Yildiz A, Kaya Y, Tanriverdi O. Effect of the Interaction Between Selenium and Zinc on DNA Repair in Association With Cancer Prevention. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:146-154. [PMID: 31624720 PMCID: PMC6786808 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.3.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide. Annually, more than ten million new cancer cases are diagnosed, and more than six million deaths occur due to cancer. Nonetheless, over 80% of human cancer may be preventable through proper nutrition. Numerous nutritional compounds are effective in preventing cancer. Selenium and zinc are essential micronutrients that have important roles in reducing oxidative stress and protecting DNA from the attack of reactive oxygen species. Selenium is an essential trace element that possesses several functions in many cellular processes for cancer prevention. Meanwhile, zinc may have protective effects on tumor initiation and progression, and it is an essential cofactor of several mammalian proteins. Results show that both selenium and zinc provide an effective progression of DNA repair system; thus, cancer development that originated from DNA damage is decreased. Results mostly focus on the separate effects of these two elements on different cell types, tissues, and organs, and their combined effects are largely unknown. This review aimed to emphasize the joint role of selenium and zinc specifically on DNA repair for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Yesim Kaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Tanriverdi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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23
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Rusetskaya NY, Fedotov IV, Koftina VA, Borodulin VB. [Selenium compounds in redox regulation of inflammation and apoptosis]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:165-179. [PMID: 31258141 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196503165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages play a key role in the development of inflammation: under the action of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), absorbed from the intestine, monocytes and macrophages form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines, this leads to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation and/or apoptosis in all types of tissues. In the cells LPS induce an "internal" TLR4-mediated MAP-kinase inflammatory signaling pathway and cytokines through the superfamily of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) and the "death domain" (DD) initiate an "external" caspase apoptosis cascade or necrosis activation that causes necroptosis. Many of the proteins involved in intracellular signaling cascades (MYD88, ASK1, IKKa/b, NF-kB, AP-1) are redox-sensitive and their activity is regulated by antioxidants thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, and glutathione. Oxidation of these signaling proteins induced by ROS enhances the development of inflammation and apoptosis, and their reduction with antioxidants, on the contrary, stabilizes the signaling cascades speed, preventing the vicious circle of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis that follows it. Antioxidant (AO) enzymes thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), glutaredoxin reductase (GLRXR), glutathione reductase (GR) are required for reduction of non-enzymatic antioxidants (thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, nitroredoxin, glutathione), and AO enzymes (SOD, catalase, GPX) are required for ROS deactivation. The key AO enzymes (TRXR and GPX) are selenium-dependent; therefore selenium deficiency leads to a decrease in the body's antioxidant defense, the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and/or apoptosis in various cell types. Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway activated by selenium deficiency and/or oxidative stress is necessary to restore redox homeostasis in the cell. In addition, expression of some genes is changed with selenium deficiency. Consequently, growth and proliferation of cells, their movement, development, death, and survival, as well as the interaction between cells, the redox regulation of intracellular signaling cascades of inflammation and apoptosis, depend on the selenium status of the body. Prophylactic administration of selenium-containing preparations (natural and synthetic (organic and inorganic)) is able to normalize the activity of AO enzymes and the general status of the body. Organic selenium compounds have a high bioavailability and, depending on their concentration, can act both as selenium donors to prevent selenium deficiency and as antitumor drugs due to their toxicity and participation in the regulation of signaling pathways of apoptosis. Known selenorganic compounds diphenyldiselenide and ethaselen share similarity with the Russian organo selenium compound, diacetophenonylselenide (DAPS-25), which serves as a source of bioavailable selenium, exhibits a wide range of biological activity, including antioxidant activity, that governs cell redox balance, inflammation and apoptosis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Rusetskaya
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - I V Fedotov
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - V A Koftina
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - V B Borodulin
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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24
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Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an extremely aggressive cancer with one of the highest mortality rates. The cancer is generally only diagnosed at the later stages and has a poor 5-year survival rate due to the limited treatment options. China and South Africa are two countries with a very high prevalence rate of EC. EC rates in South Africa have been on the increase, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant subtype and a primary cause of cancer-related deaths in the black and male mixed ancestry populations in South Africa. The incidence of EC is highest in the Eastern Cape Province, especially in the rural areas such as the Transkei, where the consumption of foods contaminated with Fusarium verticillioides is thought to play a major contributing role to the incidence of EC. China is responsible for almost half of all new cases of EC globally. In China, the prevalence of EC varies greatly. However, the two main areas of high prevalence are the southern Taihang Mountain area (Linxian, Henan Province) and the north Jiangsu area. In both countries, environmental toxins play a major role in increasing the chance that an individual will develop EC. These associative factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, nutritional deficiencies and exposure to environmental toxins. However, genetic polymorphisms also play a role in predisposing individuals to EC. These include single-nucleotide polymorphisms that can be found in both protein-coding genes and in non-coding sequences such as miRNAs. The aim of this review is to summarize the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to EC in South Africa and to compare and contrast this to the genetic polymorphisms observed in EC in the most comprehensively studied population group, the Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alaouna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- Research, Innovation & Engagements Portfolio, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa,
| | - Clement Penny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- Research, Innovation & Engagements Portfolio, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa,
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Samavarchi Tehrani S, Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini H, Yousefi T, Abolghasemi M, Qujeq D, Maniati M, Amani J. The crosstalk between trace elements with DNA damage response, repair, and oxidative stress in cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1080-1105. [PMID: 30378148 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) is a regulatory system responsible for maintaining genome integrity and stability, which can sense and transduce DNA damage signals. The severity of damage appears to determine DDRs, which can include damage repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Furthermore, defective components in DNA damage and repair machinery are an underlying cause for the development and progression of various types of cancers. Increasing evidence indicates that there is an association between trace elements and DDR/repair mechanisms. In fact, trace elements seem to affect mediators of DDR. Besides, it has been revealed that oxidative stress (OS) and trace elements are associated with cancer development. In this review, we discuss the role of some critical trace elements in the risk of cancer. In addition, we provide a brief introduction on DDR and OS in cancer. Finally, we will further review the interactions between some important trace elements including selenium, zinc, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic, and DDR, and OS in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolghasemi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- English Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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p53 as a double-edged sword in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2018; 215:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gene ontology analysis of expanded porcine blastocysts from gilts fed organic or inorganic selenium combined with pyridoxine. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:836. [PMID: 30463510 PMCID: PMC6249785 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene ontology analysis using the microarray database generated in a previous study by this laboratory was used to further evaluate how maternal dietary supplementation with pyridoxine combined with different sources of selenium (Se) affected global gene expression of expanded porcine blastocysts. Data were generated from 18 gilts randomly assigned to one of three experimental diets (n = 6 per treatment): i) basal diet without supplemental Se or pyridoxine (CONT); ii) CONT + 0.3 mg/kg of Na-selenite and 10 mg/kg of HCl-pyridoxine (MSeB610); and iii) CONT + 0.3 mg/kg of Se-enriched yeast and 10 mg/kg of HCl-pyridoxine (OSeB610). All gilts were inseminated at their fifth post-pubertal estrus and euthanized 5 days later for embryo harvesting. Differential gene expression between MSeB610 vs CONT, OSeB610 vs CONT and OSeB610 vs MSeB610 was performed using a porcine embryo-specific microarray. Results There were 559, 2458, and 1547 differentially expressed genes for MSeB610 vs CONT, OSeB610 vs CONT and OSeB610 vs MSeB610, respectively. MSeB610 vs CONT stimulated 13 biological processes with a strict effect on RNA binding and translation initiation. OSeB610 vs CONT and OSeB610 vs MSeB610 impacted 188 and 66 biological processes, respectively, with very similar effects on genome stability, ceramide biosynthesis, protein trafficking and epigenetic events. The stimulation of genes related with these processes was confirmed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Conclusions Gene expression of embryos from OSeB610 supplemented gilts was more impacted than those from MSeB610 supplemented gilts. Whereas maternal OSeB610 supplementation influenced crucial aspects of embryo development, maternal MSeB610 supplementation was restricted to binding activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5237-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Wang R, Hao W, Pan L, Boldogh I, Ba X. The roles of base excision repair enzyme OGG1 in gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3741-3750. [PMID: 30043138 PMCID: PMC6154017 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of DNA strands and nucleobases-both induced and accidental-are associated with unfavorable consequences including loss or gain in genetic information and mutations. Therefore, DNA repair proteins have essential roles in keeping genome fidelity. Recently, mounting evidence supports that 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), one of the most abundant genomic base modifications generated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, along with its cognate repair protein 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (OGG1), has distinct roles in gene expression through transcription modulation or signal transduction. Binding to 8-oxoG located in gene regulatory regions, OGG1 acts as a transcription modulator, which can control transcription factor homing, induce allosteric transition of G-quadruplex structure, or recruit chromatin remodelers. In addition, post-repair complex formed between OGG1 and its repair product-free 8-oxoG increases the levels of active small GTPases and induces downstream signaling cascades to trigger gene expressions. The present review discusses how cells exploit damaged guanine base(s) and the authentic repair protein to orchestrate a profile of various transcriptomes in redox-regulated biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjing Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
| | - Lang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China
- Department of Physiology, Xiangya Medicine School in Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, China.
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Sardar Pasha SPB, Sishtla K, Sulaiman RS, Park B, Shetty T, Shah F, Fishel ML, Wikel JH, Kelley MR, Corson TW. Ref-1/APE1 Inhibition with Novel Small Molecules Blocks Ocular Neovascularization. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:108-118. [PMID: 30076264 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular neovascular diseases like wet age-related macular degeneration are a major cause of blindness. Novel therapies are greatly needed for these diseases. One appealing antiangiogenic target is reduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ref-1/APE1). This protein can act as a redox-sensitive transcriptional activator for nuclear factor (NF)-κB and other proangiogenic transcription factors. An existing inhibitor of Ref-1's function, APX3330, previously showed antiangiogenic effects. Here, we developed improved APX3330 derivatives and assessed their antiangiogenic activity. We synthesized APX2009 and APX2014 and demonstrated enhanced inhibition of Ref-1 function in a DNA-binding assay compared with APX3330. Both compounds were antiproliferative against human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs; GI50 APX2009: 1.1 μM, APX2014: 110 nM) and macaque choroidal endothelial cells (Rf/6a; GI50 APX2009: 26 μM, APX2014: 5.0 μM). Both compounds significantly reduced the ability of HRECs and Rf/6a cells to form tubes at mid-nanomolar concentrations compared with control, and both significantly inhibited HREC and Rf/6a cell migration in a scratch wound assay, reducing NF-κB activation and downstream targets. Ex vivo, APX2009 and APX2014 inhibited choroidal sprouting at low micromolar and high nanomolar concentrations, respectively. In the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization mouse model, intraperitoneal APX2009 treatment significantly decreased lesion volume by 4-fold compared with vehicle (P < 0.0001, ANOVA with Dunnett's post-hoc tests), without obvious intraocular or systemic toxicity. Thus, Ref-1 inhibition with APX2009 and APX2014 blocks ocular angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo, and APX2009 is an effective systemic therapy for choroidal neovascularization in vivo, establishing Ref-1 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach for ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheik Pran Babu Sardar Pasha
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kamakshi Sishtla
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rania S Sulaiman
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bomina Park
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Trupti Shetty
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Fenil Shah
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa L Fishel
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James H Wikel
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology (S.P.B.S.P., K.S., R.S.S., B.P., T.S., T.W.C.), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (R.S.S., B.P., T.S., M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (M.R.K., T.W.C.), Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics (F.S., M.L.F., M.R.K.), and Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center (M.L.F., M.R.K., T.W.C.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Apexian Pharmaceuticals (J.H.W.), Indianapolis, Indiana
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Zoidis E, Seremelis I, Kontopoulos N, Danezis GP. Selenium-Dependent Antioxidant Enzymes: Actions and Properties of Selenoproteins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E66. [PMID: 29758013 PMCID: PMC5981252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other essential trace elements that interact with proteins in the form of cofactors, selenium (Se) becomes co-translationally incorporated into the polypeptide chain as part of 21st naturally occurring amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec), encoded by the UGA codon. Any protein that includes Sec in its polypeptide chain is defined as selenoprotein. Members of the selenoproteins family exert various functions and their synthesis depends on specific cofactors and on dietary Se. The Se intake in productive animals such as chickens affect nutrient utilization, production performances, antioxidative status and responses of the immune system. Although several functions of selenoproteins are unknown, many disorders are related to alterations in selenoprotein expression or activity. Selenium insufficiency and polymorphisms or mutations in selenoproteins' genes and synthesis cofactors are involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, immune dysfunctions, cancer, muscle and bone disorders, endocrine functions and neurological disorders. Finally, heavy metal poisoning decreases mRNA levels of selenoproteins and increases mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, underlying the antagonistic effect of Se. This review is an update on Se dependent antioxidant enzymes, presenting the current state of the art and is focusing on results obtained mainly in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Zoidis
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Isidoros Seremelis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Kontopoulos
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Georgios P Danezis
- Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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Age-Dependent Protective Effect of Selenium against UVA Irradiation in Primary Human Keratinocytes and the Associated DNA Repair Signature. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5895439. [PMID: 29682159 PMCID: PMC5842700 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5895439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the protective role of selenium (Se) against skin aging and photoaging even though selenoproteins are essential for keratinocyte function and skin development. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of Se supplementation on skin cells from elderly and young donors has not been reported. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of Se supplementation on skin keratinocytes at baseline and after exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. Low doses of Se (30 nM) were very potently protective against UVA-induced cytotoxicity in young keratinocytes, whereas the protection efficiency of Se in old keratinocytes required higher concentrations (240 nM). Additionally, the DNA repair ability of the old keratinocytes drastically decreased compared with that of the young keratinocytes at baseline and after the UVA exposure. The Se supplementation significantly enhanced the DNA repair of 8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) only in the keratinocytes isolated from young donors. Therefore, aged keratinocytes have an increased vulnerability to oxidative DNA damage, and the Se needs in the elderly should be considered. Strengthening DNA repair activities with Se supplementation may represent a new strategy to combat aging and skin photoaging.
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Moradi MN, Karimi J, Khodadadi I, Amiri I, Karami M, Saidijam M, Vatannejad A, Tavilani H. Evaluation of the p53 and Thioredoxin reductase in sperm from asthenozoospermic males in comparison to normozoospermic males. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 116:123-128. [PMID: 29305108 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thioredoxin (Trx) system has a defensive role against the harmful effect of oxidative stress in sperm. p53 is an important regulator of apoptosis and normal process of spermatogenesis. Regulation of p53 by redox state of the cell and Thioredoxin system has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ROS level, Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity and p53 protein levels in sperm of asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic males. Semen samples from 80 donors were divided into asthenozoospermic (n = 40) and normozoospermic (n = 40) groups using the WHO criteria. DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay) of spermatozoa was identified·H2O2 and O2•- were determined by flow cytometry. p53 protein levels and TrxR activity were measured in sperm cell lysate by appropriate kit. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and thiol groups in seminal plasma were measured spectrophotometery. MDA content in seminal plasma was determined fluorometrically. RESULTS The percentage of cells with H2O2, O2•- and DNA fragmentation was higher in asthenozoospermic compared to normozoospermic groups (p < 0.05). The p53 protein level was significantly higher in asthenozoospermic group (P < 0.001). TrxR activity in normozoospermic was significantly higher than asthenozoospermic group (P < 0.001). Total thiol groups and TAC levels were significantly higher in normozoospermic samples (P < 0.05). A significantly high negative correlation was seen between p53 protein levels with TrxR activity (r = - 0.49, P < 0.001), total motility (r = - 0.65, P < 0.001). p53 and ROS levels were increased in asthenozoospermic males while the TrxR activity was decreased. These changes lead to an increase in apoptotic, immotile and immature spermatozoa in the ejaculatory semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohmmad-Nabi Moradi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Karimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Amiri
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Karami
- Modeling of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran, University of Medical Science Tehran Iran; Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Urology & Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Ba X, Boldogh I. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1: Beyond repair of the oxidatively modified base lesions. Redox Biol 2017; 14:669-678. [PMID: 29175754 PMCID: PMC5975208 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the resulting damage to genomic DNA are inevitable consequences of endogenous physiological processes, and they are amplified by cellular responses to environmental exposures. One of the most frequent reactions of reactive oxygen species with DNA is the oxidation of guanine to pre-mutagenic 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG). Despite the vulnerability of guanine to oxidation, vertebrate genes are primarily embedded in GC-rich genomic regions, and over 72% of the promoters of human genes belong to a class with a high GC content. In the promoter, 8-oxoG may serve as an epigenetic mark, and when complexed with the oxidatively inactivated repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1, provide a platform for the coordination of the initial steps of DNA repair and the assembly of the transcriptional machinery to launch the prompt and preferential expression of redox-regulated genes. Deviations/variations from this artful coordination may be the etiological links between guanine oxidation and various cellular pathologies and diseases during ageing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Ba
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China; School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, China.
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Abstract
Reduction-oxidation factor 1-apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (Ref-1/APE1) is a critical node in tumor cells, both as a redox regulator of transcription factor activation and as part of the DNA damage response. As a redox signaling protein, Ref-1/APE1 enhances the transcriptional activity of STAT3, HIF-1α, nuclear factor kappa B, and other transcription factors to promote growth, migration, and survival in tumor cells as well as inflammation and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Ref-1/APE1 is activated in a variety of cancers, including prostate, colon, pancreatic, ovarian, lung and leukemias, leading to increased aggressiveness. Transcription factors downstream of Ref-1/APE1 are key contributors to many cancers, and Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling inhibition slows growth and progression in a number of tumor types. Ref-1/APE1 inhibition is also highly effective when paired with other drugs, including standard-of-care therapies and therapies targeting pathways affected by Ref-1/APE1 redox signaling. Additionally, Ref-1/APE1 plays a role in a variety of other indications, such as retinopathy, inflammation, and neuropathy. In this review, we discuss the functional consequences of activation of the Ref-1/APE1 node in cancer and other diseases, as well as potential therapies targeting Ref-1/APE1 and related pathways in relevant diseases. APX3330, a novel oral anticancer agent and the first drug to target Ref-1/APE1 for cancer is entering clinical trials and will be explored in various cancers and other diseases bringing bench discoveries to the clinic.
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Di Domenico EG, Toma L, Bordignon V, Trento E, D'Agosto G, Cordiali-Fei P, Ensoli F. Activation of DNA Damage Response Induced by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpes Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060854. [PMID: 27258263 PMCID: PMC4926388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), can infect endothelial cells often leading to cell transformation and to the development of tumors, namely Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and the plasmablastic variant of multicentric Castleman’s disease. KSHV is prevalent in areas such as sub-Saharan Africa and the Mediterranean region presenting distinct genotypes, which appear to be associated with differences in disease manifestation, according to geographical areas. In infected cells, KSHV persists in a latent episomal form. However, in a limited number of cells, it undergoes spontaneous lytic reactivation to ensure the production of new virions. During both the latent and the lytic cycle, KSHV is programmed to express genes which selectively modulate the DNA damage response (DDR) through the activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathway and by phosphorylating factors associated with the DDR, including the major tumor suppressor protein p53 tumor suppressor p53. This review will focus on the interplay between the KSHV and the DDR response pathway throughout the viral lifecycle, exploring the putative molecular mechanism/s that may contribute to malignant transformation of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Department, San Gallicano Institute, IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Luigi Toma
- Infectious Disease Consultant, San Gallicano Institute, IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Valentina Bordignon
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Department, San Gallicano Institute, IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Trento
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Department, San Gallicano Institute, IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Giovanna D'Agosto
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Department, San Gallicano Institute, IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Paola Cordiali-Fei
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Department, San Gallicano Institute, IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Ensoli
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Department, San Gallicano Institute, IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy.
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Gopalakrishna R, Gundimeda U, Zhou S, Zung K, Forell K, Holmgren A. Imbalance in Protein Thiol Redox Regulation and Cancer-Preventive Efficacy of Selenium. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2016; 2:272-289. [PMID: 29795790 DOI: 10.20455/ros.2016.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although several experimental studies showed cancer-preventive efficacy of supplemental dietary selenium, human clinical trials questioned this efficacy. Identifying its molecular targets and mechanism is important in understanding this discrepancy. Methylselenol, the active metabolite of selenium, reacts with lipid hydroperoxides bound to protein kinase C (PKC) and is oxidized to methylseleninic acid (MSA). This locally generated MSA selectively inactivates PKC by oxidizing its critical cysteine sulfhydryls. The peroxidatic redox cycle occurring in this process may explain how extremely low concentrations of selenium catalytically modify specific membrane-bound proteins compartmentally separated from glutathione and selectively induce cytotoxicity in promoting cells. Mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TR) is itself a selenoenzyme with a catalytic selenocysteine residue. Together with thioredoxin (Trx), it catalyzes reduction of selenite and selenocystine by NADPH generating selenide which in the presence of oxygen redox cycles producing reactive oxygen species. Trx binds with high affinity to PKC and reverses PKC inactivation. Therefore, established tumor cells overexpressing TR and Trx may escape the cancer-preventive actions of selenium. This suggests that in some cases, certain selenoproteins may counteract selenometabolite actions. Lower concentrations of selenium readily inactivate antiapoptotic PKC isoenzymes e and a which have a cluster of vicinal thiols, thereby inducing apoptosis. Higher concentrations of selenium also inactivate proapoptotic enzymes such as proteolytically activated PKCd fragment, holo-PKCz, caspase-3, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, which all have a limited number of critical cysteine residues and make tumor cells resistant to selenium-induced apoptosis. This may explain the intriguing U-shaped curve that is seen with dietary selenium intake and the extent of cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayudu Gopalakrishna
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Usha Gundimeda
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sarah Zhou
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kristen Zung
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Forell
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The cells in the human body are continuously challenged by a variety of genotoxic attacks. Erroneous repair of the DNA can lead to mutations and chromosomal aberrations that can alter the functions of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, thus causing cancer development. As a central tumor suppressor, p53 guards the genome by orchestrating a variety of DNA-damage-response (DDR) mechanisms. Already early in metazoan evolution, p53 started controlling the apoptotic demise of genomically compromised cells. p53 plays a prominent role as a facilitator of DNA repair by halting the cell cycle to allow time for the repair machineries to restore genome stability. In addition, p53 took on diverse roles to also directly impact the activity of various DNA-repair systems. It thus appears as if p53 is multitasking in providing protection from cancer development by maintaining genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B Williams
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Bai Y, Feng W, Wang S, Zhang X, Zhang W, He M, Zhang X, Wu T, Guo H. Essential Metals Zinc, Selenium, and Strontium Protect against Chromosome Damage Caused by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:951-960. [PMID: 26699282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Essential metals play important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis, but the effects of their interaction with the environmental pollutants are still not very well-known in human subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of essential metals and their interactions with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on chromosome damage, an early carcinogenic event. A total of 1245 male workers were included in this study and the levels of 11 urinary essential metals, 12 urinary PAH metabolites, plasma concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8,t-9,c-10-tetrahydotetrol-albumin (BPDE-Alb) adducts, and lymphocyte micronucleus (MN) frequencies were monitored. We found that zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and strontium (Sr) have significant inverse dose-response relationships with MN frequencies (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the protective roles of Zn, Se, and Sr were mainly shown among subjects with high levels of BPDE-Alb adducts. Significant effect modification of BPDE-Alb adducts on the associations of Zn, Se, and Sr with MN frequencies was observed (all Pinteraction < 0.05). Our study showed evidence that Zn, Se, and Sr play protective roles in reducing chromosome damage, and these effects can be modified by PAH exposure levels. These findings add potential evidence for the preventive effects of Zn, Se, and Sr against carcinogenesis in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Suhan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wangzhen Zhang
- Institute of Industrial Health, Wuhan Iron & Steel (Group) Corporation , Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
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Ren F, Wang K, Zhang T, Jiang J, Nice EC, Huang C. New insights into redox regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1518-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Barrett CW, Reddy VK, Short SP, Motley AK, Lintel MK, Bradley AM, Freeman T, Vallance J, Ning W, Parang B, Poindexter SV, Fingleton B, Chen X, Washington MK, Wilson KT, Shroyer NF, Hill KE, Burk RF, Williams CS. Selenoprotein P influences colitis-induced tumorigenesis by mediating stemness and oxidative damage. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2646-60. [PMID: 26053663 DOI: 10.1172/jci76099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at increased risk for colon cancer due to augmented oxidative stress. These patients also have compromised antioxidant defenses as the result of nutritional deficiencies. The micronutrient selenium is essential for selenoprotein production and is transported from the liver to target tissues via selenoprotein P (SEPP1). Target tissues also produce SEPP1, which is thought to possess an endogenous antioxidant function. Here, we have shown that mice with Sepp1 haploinsufficiency or mutations that disrupt either the selenium transport or the enzymatic domain of SEPP1 exhibit increased colitis-associated carcinogenesis as the result of increased genomic instability and promotion of a protumorigenic microenvironment. Reduced SEPP1 function markedly increased M2-polarized macrophages, indicating a role for SEPP1 in macrophage polarization and immune function. Furthermore, compared with partial loss, complete loss of SEPP1 substantially reduced tumor burden, in part due to increased apoptosis. Using intestinal organoid cultures, we found that, compared with those from WT animals, Sepp1-null cultures display increased stem cell characteristics that are coupled with increased ROS production, DNA damage, proliferation, decreased cell survival, and modulation of WNT signaling in response to H2O2-mediated oxidative stress. Together, these data demonstrate that SEPP1 influences inflammatory tumorigenesis by affecting genomic stability, the inflammatory microenvironment, and epithelial stem cell functions.
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41
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Huo S, Dong J, Shen S, Ren Y, Song C, Xu J, Shi T. L-selenomethionine reduces platinum(IV) anticancer model compounds at strikingly faster rates than L-methionine. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:15328-36. [PMID: 25075569 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-Selenomethionine (SeMet), the predominant form of selenium acquired from the diet by humans, has been used as a supplement, and exhibit some important functions like cancer prevention and antioxidative defense. Its interactions with Pt(II) anticancer drugs have been characterized, but its redox reactions with platinum(IV) anticancer prodrugs have not been exploited. In this work, the oxidation of SeMet by Pt(IV) anticancer model compounds trans-[PtX2(CN)4](2-) (X = Cl, Br) was characterized. A stopped-flow spectrometer was used to record the rapid scan spectra and to follow the reaction kinetics over a wide pH range. An overall second-order rate law was derived: -d[Pt(IV)]/dt = k'[Pt(IV)][SeMet], where k' pertains to the observed second-order rate constants. The k'-pH profiles showed that k' increased only about 6 times even though the solution pH was varied from 0.25 to 10.5. The redox stoichiometry was determined as Δ[Pt(IV)]/Δ[SeMet] = 1 : (1.07 ± 0.07), suggesting that SeMet was oxidized to selenomethionine selenoxide. The selenoxide together with its hydrated form was identified explicitly by high resolution mass spectral analysis. A reaction mechanism was proposed which encompassed three parallel rate-determining steps relying on the protolytic species of SeMet. Rate constants of the rate-determining steps were obtained from the simulations of the k'-pH profiles. Activation parameters were determined for the reactions of the zwitterionic form of SeMet with the Pt(IV) complexes. A bridged electron transfer process is delineated in the rate-determining steps and several lines of evidence support the bridged electron transfer mode. Strikingly, reduction of [PtX2(CN)4](2-) by SeMet is 3.7 × 10(3)-5.7 × 10(4) times faster than that by L-methionine. Some potential biological consequences resulting from the strikingly fast reduction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Huo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, and the MOE Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei Province, P. R. China.
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Chen SH, Kuo CC, Li CF, Cheung CHA, Tsou TC, Chiang HC, Yang YN, Chang SL, Lin LC, Pan HY, Chang KY, Chang JY. O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase repairs platinum-DNA adducts following cisplatin treatment and predicts prognoses of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:1291-305. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Hung Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes; Tainan Taiwan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Chi-Mei Medical Center; Liouying Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ching Chuan Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Taiwan
| | - Chien Feng Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes; Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Pathology; Chi-Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology; Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Tsui Chun Tsou
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine; National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Taiwan
| | - Huai Chih Chiang
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine; National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Taiwan
| | - Yun Ning Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan Taiwan
| | - Shin Lun Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology; Chi-Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Li Ching Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Chi-Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan
- School of Medicine; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yi Pan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; Chi-Mei Medical Center; Liouying Tainan Taiwan
| | - Kwang Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes; Tainan Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; National Cheng Kung University Hospital; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Jang Yang Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes; Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine; National Cheng Kung University Hospital; Tainan Taiwan. Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan
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McKelvey SM, Horgan KA, Murphy RA. Chemical form of selenium differentially influences DNA repair pathways following exposure to lead nitrate. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:151-69. [PMID: 25023848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lead, an environmental toxin is known to induce a broad range of physiological and biochemical dysfunctions in humans through a number of mechanisms including the deactivation of antioxidants thus leading to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent DNA damage. Selenium on the other hand has been proven to play an important role in the protection of cells from free radical damage and oxidative stress, though its effects are thought to be form and dose dependent. As the liver is the primary organ required for metabolite detoxification, HepG2 cells were chosen to assess the protective effects of various selenium compounds following exposure to the genotoxic agent lead nitrate. Initially DNA damage was quantified using a comet assay, gene expression patterns associated with DNA damage and signalling were also examined using PCR arrays and the biological pathways which were most significantly affected by selenium were identified. Interestingly, the organic type selenium compounds (selenium yeast and selenomethionine) conferred protection against lead induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells; this is evident by reduction in the quantity of DNA present in the comet tail of cells cultured in their presence with lead. This trend also followed through the gene expression changes noted in DNA damage pathways analysed. These results were in contrast with those of inorganic sodium selenite which promoted lead induced DNA damage evident in both the comet assay results and the gene expression analysis. Over all this study provided valuable insights into the effects which various selenium compounds had on the DNA damage and signalling pathway indicating the potential for using organic forms of selenium such as selenium enriched yeast to protect against DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna M McKelvey
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Sarney, Summerhill Rd., Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland.
| | - Karina A Horgan
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Sarney, Summerhill Rd., Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland
| | - Richard A Murphy
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Sarney, Summerhill Rd., Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland
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Budanov AV. The role of tumor suppressor p53 in the antioxidant defense and metabolism. Subcell Biochem 2014; 85:337-58. [PMID: 25201203 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9211-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 is inactivated in most cancers and the critical role of p53 in the suppression of carcinogenesis has been confirmed in many mouse models. The protein product of the tumor suppressor p53 gene works as a transcriptional regulator, activating expression of numerous genes involved in cell death, cell cycle arrest, senescence, DNA-repair and many other processes. In spite of the multiple efforts to characterize the functions of p53, the mechanisms of tumor suppression by p53 are still elusive. Recently, new activities of p53 such as regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and metabolism have been described and the p53-regulated genes responsible for these functions have been identified. Metabolic derangements and accumulation of ROS are features of carcinogenesis, supporting the idea that many tumor suppressive effects of p53 can be mediated by regulation of metabolism and/or ROS. Mutations in the p53 gene can not only inactivate wild type function of p53 but also endow p53 with new functions such as activation of new metabolic pathways contributing to carcinogenesis. Understanding the metabolic and antioxidant functions of p53 allows us to develop approaches to restore p53 function in cancers, where p53 is inactivated, in other to ensure the best outcome of anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Budanov
- Department of Neurosurgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,
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45
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xiao J. Selenoproteins and selenium status in bone physiology and pathology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3246-3256. [PMID: 25116856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence supports the view that selenoproteins are essential for maintaining bone health. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current state of knowledge concerning selenoproteins and Se status in bone physiology and pathology is summarized. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Antioxidant selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), as a whole, play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis and protecting against bone loss. GPx1, a major antioxidant enzyme in osteoclasts, is up-regulated by estrogen, an endogenous inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. TrxR1 is an immediate early gene in response to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, an osteoblastic differentiation agent. The combination of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Se generates a synergistic elevation of TrxR activity in Se-deficient osteoblasts. Of particular concern, pleiotropic TrxR1 is implicated in promoting NFκB activation. Coincidentally, TrxR inhibitors such as curcumin and gold compounds exhibit potent osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activity. Studies in patients with the mutations of selenocysteine insertion sequence-binding protein 2, a key trans-acting factor for the co-translational insertion of selenocysteine into selenoproteins have clearly established a causal link of selenoproteins in bone development. Se transport to bone relies on selenoprotein P. Plasma selenoprotein P concentrations have been found to be positively correlated with bone mineral density in elderly women. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A full understanding of the role and function of selenoproteins and Se status on bone physiology and pathology may lead to effectively prevent against or modify bone diseases by using Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Tea Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China.
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46
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Sun HJ, Rathinasabapathi B, Wu B, Luo J, Pu LP, Ma LQ. Arsenic and selenium toxicity and their interactive effects in humans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 69:148-58. [PMID: 24853282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) are unusual metalloids as they both induce and cure cancer. They both cause carcinogenesis, pathology, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in humans, with reactive oxygen species playing an important role. While As induces adverse effects by decreasing DNA methylation and affecting protein 53 expression, Se induces adverse effects by modifying thioredoxin reductase. However, they can react with glutathione and S-adenosylmethionine by forming an As-Se complex, which can be secreted extracellularly. We hypothesize that there are two types of interactions between As and Se. At low concentration, Se can decrease As toxicity via excretion of As-Se compound [(GS3)2AsSe](-), but at high concentration, excessive Se can enhance As toxicity by reacting with S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione, and modifying the structure and activity of arsenite methyltransferase. This review is to summarize their toxicity mechanisms and the interaction between As and Se toxicity, and to provide suggestions for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Li-Ping Pu
- Suzhou Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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47
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Thakur S, Sarkar B, Cholia RP, Gautam N, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. APE1/Ref-1 as an emerging therapeutic target for various human diseases: phytochemical modulation of its functions. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e106. [PMID: 25033834 PMCID: PMC4119211 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, which repairs oxidative base damage caused by endogenous and exogenous agents. APE1 acts as a reductive activator of many transcription factors (TFs) and has also been named redox effector factor 1, Ref-1. For example, APE1 activates activator protein-1, nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, paired box gene 8, signal transducer activator of transcription 3 and p53, which are involved in apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and survival pathways. APE1/Ref-1 maintains cellular homeostasis (redox) via the activation of TFs that regulate various physiological processes and that crosstalk with redox balancing agents (for example, thioredoxin, catalase and superoxide dismutase) by controlling levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The efficiency of APE1/Ref-1's function(s) depends on pairwise interaction with participant protein(s), the functions regulated by APE1/Ref-1 include the BER pathway, TFs, energy metabolism, cytoskeletal elements and stress-dependent responses. Thus, APE1/Ref-1 acts as a ‘hub-protein' that controls pathways that are important for cell survival. In this review, we will discuss APE1/Ref-1's versatile nature in various human etiologies, including neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular and other diseases that have been linked with alterations in the expression, subcellular localization and activities of APE/Ref-1. APE1/Ref-1 can be targeted for therapeutic intervention using natural plant products that modulate the expression and functions of APE1/Ref-1. In addition, studies focusing on translational applications based on APE1/Ref-1-mediated therapeutic interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Thakur
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Bibekananda Sarkar
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Ravi P Cholia
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Nandini Gautam
- Center for Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Center for Genetic Diseases and Molecular Medicine, School of Emerging Life Science Technologies, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- 1] Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India [2] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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48
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative (reactive oxygen species [ROS]) and nitrosative (reactive nitrogen species [RNS]) stress affects many physiological processes, including survival and death. Although high levels of ROS/RNS mainly causes cell death, low levels of free radicals directly modulate the activities of transcriptional factors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), p53, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived) 2-like (Nrf2), and regulate numerous protein kinase cascades that participate in the regulation of the cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis. RECENT ADVANCES Low levels of ROS modify Atg4 and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) proteins, activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, or transactivate various proteins that could upregulate autophagy, leading to reductions in apoptosis. Transactivation of antioxidant genes blocks apoptosis and serves as a feedback loop to reduce autophagy. Free radicals could also activate protein kinase B (PKB, or Akt), preventing both autophagy and apoptosis. Stimulation of nitric oxide formation causes S-nitrosylation of several kinases, including JNK1 and IκB kinase β, which blocks autophagy and could promote apoptosis. However, S-nitrosylation of some proapoptotic proteins could block apoptosis. CRITICAL ISSUES Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are the main sources of free radicals, which play an essential role in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy. Oxidation of cardiolipin promotes cytochrome c release and apoptosis that potentially could be inhibited by autophagic clearance of damaged mitochondria. Elimination of damaged mitochondria reduces ROS accumulation, creating a feedback loop that causes inhibition of autophagy. Low levels of RNS could inhibit fission of mitochondria, which would block their degradation by autophagy and spare cells from apoptosis. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Understanding of mechanisms that regulate the cross talk between cell fates is essential for discovery of therapeutic tools in the strenuous fight against various disorders, including neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy O Kaminskyy
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wang X, Sun K, Tan Y, Wu S, Zhang J. Efficacy and safety of selenium nanoparticles administered intraperitoneally for the prevention of growth of cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:1-10. [PMID: 24727439 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal implantation of cancer cells, particularly postoperative seeding metastasis, frequently occurs in patients with primary tumors in the stomach, colon, liver, and ovary. Peritoneal carcinomatosis is associated with poor prognosis. In this work, we evaluated the prophylactic effect of intraperitoneal administration of selenium (Se), an essential trace element and a putative chemopreventive agent, on peritoneal implantation of cancer cells. Elemental Se nanoparticles were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice, into which highly malignant H22 hepatocarcinoma cells had previously been inoculated. Se concentrations in the cancer cells and tissues, as well as the efficacy of proliferation inhibition and safety, were evaluated. Se was mainly concentrated in cancer cells compared to Se retention in normal tissues, showing at least an order of magnitude difference between the drug target cells (the H22 cells) and the well-recognized toxicity target of Se (the liver). Such a favorable selective distribution resulted in strong proliferation suppression without perceived host toxicity. The mechanism of action of the Se nanoparticle-triggered cytotoxicity was associated with Se-mediated production of reactive oxygen species, which impaired the glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Our results suggest that intraperitoneal administration of Se is a safe and effective means of preventing growth of cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity for the above-mentioned high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Sun
- School of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Tan
- School of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- School of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Tea and Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Hazane-Puch F, Champelovier P, Arnaud J, Trocmé C, Garrel C, Faure P, Laporte F. Six-day selenium supplementation led to either UVA-photoprotection or toxic effects in human fibroblasts depending on the chemical form and dose of Se. Metallomics 2014; 6:1683-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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