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Woodcock SR, Salvatore SR, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Synthesis of 9- and 12-nitro conjugated linoleic acid: Regiospecific isomers of naturally occurring conjugated nitrodienes. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Grippo V, Mojovic M, Pavicevic A, Kabelac M, Hubatka F, Turanek J, Zatloukalova M, Freeman BA, Vacek J. Electrophilic characteristics and aqueous behavior of fatty acid nitroalkenes. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101756. [PMID: 33181478 PMCID: PMC7658499 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid nitroalkenes (NO2-FA) are endogenously-generated products of the reaction of metabolic and inflammatory-derived nitrogen dioxide (.NO2) with unsaturated fatty acids. These species mediate signaling actions and induce adaptive responses in preclinical models of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. The nitroalkene substituent possesses an electrophilic nature, resulting in rapid and reversible reactions with biological nucleophiles such as cysteine, thus supporting post-translational modifications (PTM) of proteins having susceptible nucleophilic centers. These reactions contribute to enzyme regulation, modulation of inflammation and cell proliferation and the regulation of gene expression responses. Herein, focus is placed on the reduction-oxidation (redox) characteristics and stability of specific NO2-FA regioisomers having biological and clinical relevance; nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA), bis-allylic nitro-linoleic acid (NO2-LA) and the conjugated diene-containing nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-cLA). Cyclic and alternating-current voltammetry and chronopotentiometry were used to the study of reduction potentials of these NO2-FA. R-NO2 reduction was observed around -0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl) and is related to relative NO2-FA electrophilicity. This reduction process could be utilized for the evaluation of NO2-FA stability in aqueous milieu, shown herein to be pH dependent. In addition, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to define the stability of the nitroalkene moiety under aqueous conditions, specifically under conditions where nitric oxide (.NO) release could be detected. The experimental data were supported by density functional theory calculations using 6-311++G (d,p) basis set and B3LYP functional. Based on experimental and computational approaches, the relative electrophilicities of these NO2-FA are NO2-cLA >> NO2-LA > NO2-OA. Micellarization and vesiculation largely define these biophysical characteristics in aqueous, nucleophile-free conditions. At concentrations below the critical micellar concentration (CMC), monomeric NO2-FA predominate, while at greater concentrations a micellar phase consisting of self-assembled lipid structures predominates. The CMC, determined by dynamic light scattering in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 25 °C, was 6.9 (NO2-LA) 10.6 (NO2-OA) and 42.3 μM (NO2-cLA), respectively. In aggregate, this study provides new insight into the biophysical properties of NO2-FA that are important for better understanding the cell signaling and pharmacological potential of this class of mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Grippo
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc, 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Mojovic
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Pavicevic
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martin Kabelac
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Hubatka
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turanek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Zatloukalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc, 775 15, Czech Republic
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, Olomouc, 775 15, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, Brno, 612 65, Czech Republic.
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Melo T, Montero-Bullón JF, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Discovery of bioactive nitrated lipids and nitro-lipid-protein adducts using mass spectrometry-based approaches. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101106. [PMID: 30718106 PMCID: PMC6859590 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) undergo reversible Michael adduction reactions with cysteine and histidine residues leading to the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. This electrophilic character of NO2-FA is strictly related to their biological roles. The NO2-FA-induced PTM of signaling proteins can lead to modifications in protein structure, function, and subcellular localization. The nitro lipid-protein adducts trigger a series of downstream signaling events that culminates with anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and cytoprotective effects mediated by NO2-FA. These lipoxidation adducts have been detected and characterized both in model systems and in biological samples by using mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches. These MS approaches allow to unequivocally identify the adduct together with the targeted residue of modification. The identification of the modified proteins allows inferring on the possible impact of the NO2-FA-induced modification. This review will focus on MS-based approaches as valuable tools to identify NO2-FA-protein adducts and to unveil the biological effect of this lipoxidation adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullón
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Su YH, Wu SS, Hu CH. Release of nitric oxide from nitrated fatty acids: Insights from computational chemistry. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Su
- Department of Chemistry; National Changhua University of Education; Changhua Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National Changhua University of Education; Changhua Taiwan
| | - Ching-Han Hu
- Department of Chemistry; National Changhua University of Education; Changhua Taiwan
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Freeman BA, O'Donnell VB, Schopfer FJ. The discovery of nitro-fatty acids as products of metabolic and inflammatory reactions and mediators of adaptive cell signaling. Nitric Oxide 2018; 77:106-111. [PMID: 29742447 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Foundational advances in eicosanoid signaling, the free radical biology of oxygen and nitric oxide and mass spectrometry all converged to enable the discovery of nitrated unsaturated fatty acids. Due to the unique biochemical characteristics of fatty acid nitroalkenes, these species undergo rapid and reversible Michael addition of biological nucleophiles such as cysteine, leading to the post-translational modification of low molecular weight and protein thiols. This capability has led to the present understanding that nitro-fatty acid reaction with the alkylation-sensitive cysteine proteome leads to physiologically-beneficial alterations in transcriptional regulatory protein function, gene expression and in vivo rodent model responses to metabolic and inflammatory stress. These findings motivated the preclinical and clinical development of nitro-fatty acids as new drug candidates for treating acute and chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute and Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Li S, Chang Z, Zhu T, Villacorta L, Li Y, Freeman BA, Chen YE, Zhang J. Transcriptomic sequencing reveals diverse adaptive gene expression responses of human vascular smooth muscle cells to nitro-conjugated linoleic acid. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:287-295. [PMID: 29473818 PMCID: PMC5966802 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00090.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitro-conjugated linoleic acid (NO2-CLA) is formed by metabolic and inflammatory reactions of nitric oxide and nitrite, and represents the most abundant nitro-fatty acid species in humans. These electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkene derivatives mediate pleiotropic cell signaling responses. Here, we report a systematic approach to investigate the effect of NO2-CLA on human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMC), based on the RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis. There were extensive differentially expressed genes in NO2-CLA vs. control (510) and NO2-CLA vs. CLA (272) treatment groups, respectively. Notably, only minimal alterations were observed in CLA vs. control conditions, indicating that the electrophilic character of NO2-CLA is requited to induce differential gene expression responses independently from native CLA. Functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes reveals multiple cellular processes to be affected under NO2-CLA treatment, including cell proliferation, lipid metabolism, antioxidant and inflammatory-related gene expression responses. These findings reveal that nitro-fatty acid derivatives such as NO2-CLA regulate a broad array of adaptive gene expression responses by hCASMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdi Li
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Ziyi Chang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Luis Villacorta
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yixue Li
- Key Lab of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Melo T, Marques SS, Ferreira I, Cruz MT, Domingues P, Segundo MA, Domingues MRM. New Insights into the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Nitrated Phospholipids. Lipids 2018; 53:117-131. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Sara S. Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Porto; 4050-313 Porto Portugal
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC); University of Coimbra; 3000-517 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC); University of Coimbra; 3000-517 Coimbra Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Coimbra; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry and QOPNA; University of Aveiro; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Marcela A. Segundo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Porto; 4050-313 Porto Portugal
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Fulton DJR, Li X, Bordan Z, Haigh S, Bentley A, Chen F, Barman SA. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030054. [PMID: 28684719 PMCID: PMC5618082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the lung vasculature that involves the loss of endothelial function together with inappropriate smooth muscle cell growth, inflammation, and fibrosis. These changes underlie a progressive remodeling of blood vessels that alters flow and increases pulmonary blood pressure. Elevated pressures in the pulmonary artery imparts a chronic stress on the right ventricle which undergoes compensatory hypertrophy but eventually fails. How PAH develops remains incompletely understood and evidence for the altered production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS respectively) in the pulmonary circulation has been well documented. There are many different types of ROS and RNS, multiple sources, and collective actions and interactions. This review summarizes past and current knowledge of the sources of ROS and RNS and how they may contribute to the loss of endothelial function and changes in smooth muscle proliferation in the pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Xueyi Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Zsuzsanna Bordan
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Stephen Haigh
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Austin Bentley
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Scott A Barman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Melo T, Domingues P, Ribeiro-Rodrigues TM, Girão H, Segundo MA, Domingues MRM. Characterization of phospholipid nitroxidation by LC-MS in biomimetic models and in H9c2 Myoblast using a lipidomic approach. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 106:219-227. [PMID: 28219782 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Under nitroxidative stress conditions, lipids are prone to be modified by reaction with reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and different modifications were reported to occur in fatty acids. However, in the case of phospholipids (PL) studied under nitroxidative stress conditions, only nitroalkene derivatives of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), were reported when using both in vitro biomimetic conditions and in vivo model system of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, in order to further explore other nitroxidative modifications of PL, a biomimetic model of nitroxidation combined with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS approaches were used to characterize the nitrated and nitroxidized derivatives of PCs and PEs. Single and multiple nitrated derivatives of phospholipids (PLs) such as nitroso and dinitroso, nitro, dinitro, and nitronitroso derivatives, together with nitroxidized derivatives were identified. Further, the specific MS/MS fragmentation pathways of these products were studied. Product ions arising from loss of HNO and HNO2, from the combined loss of HNO (or HNO2) and polar head groups, [NOn-FA+On+H]+ and [NOn-FA+On-H]- (n=1-2) product ions corresponding to the modified fatty acyl chains were observed, depending on each modification. The knowledge obtained from the study of the MS/MS fragmentation pattern has allowed us to identify nitrated PCs, including NO2-PC, (NO2)2-PCs, (NO2)(NO)-PC, NO-PC; nitrated PEs, NO2-PEs; and nitroxidized PCs, (NO2)(2O)-PC in H9c2 cells under starvation, but not under ischemia or control conditions. The physiological relevance of this nitrated and nitroxidized PCs and PEs species observed exclusively in cardiomyoblast cells (H9c2) under starvation is still unknown but deserves to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Teresa M Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Rosário M Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Koudelka A, Ambrozova G, Klinke A, Fidlerova T, Martiskova H, Kuchta R, Rudolph TK, Kadlec J, Kuchtova Z, Woodcock SR, Freeman BA, Kubala L, Pekarova M. Nitro-Oleic Acid Prevents Hypoxia- and Asymmetric Dimethylarginine-Induced Pulmonary Endothelial Dysfunction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2017; 30:579-586. [PMID: 27858190 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-016-6700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a serious health complication accompanied with hypoxic conditions, elevated levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and overall dysfunction of pulmonary vascular endothelium. Since the prevention strategies for treatment of PH remain largely unknown, our study aimed to explore the effect of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2), an exemplary nitro-fatty acid (NO2-FA), in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAEC) under the influence of hypoxia or ADMA. METHODS HPAEC were treated with OA-NO2 in the absence or presence of hypoxia and ADMA. The production of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was monitored using the Griess method and ELISA, respectively. The expression or activation of different proteins (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, STAT3; hypoxia inducible factor 1α, HIF-1α; endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS; intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1) was assessed by the Western blot technique. RESULTS We discovered that OA-NO2 prevents development of endothelial dysfunction induced by either hypoxia or ADMA. OA-NO2 preserves normal cellular functions in HPAEC by increasing NO production and eNOS expression. Additionally, OA-NO2 inhibits IL-6 production as well as ICAM-1 expression, elevated by hypoxia and ADMA. Importantly, the effect of OA-NO2 is accompanied by prevention of STAT3 activation and HIF-1α stabilization. CONCLUSION In summary, OA-NO2 eliminates the manifestation of hypoxia- and ADMA-mediated endothelial dysfunction in HPAEC via the STAT3/HIF-1α cascade. Importantly, our study is bringing a new perspective on molecular mechanisms of NO2-FAs action in pulmonary endothelial dysfunction, which represents a causal link in progression of PH. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolf Koudelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ambrozova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Klinke
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tana Fidlerova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Martiskova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Kuchta
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tanja K Rudolph
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Kadlec
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Kuchtova
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pekarova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic. .,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
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11
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Nitroarachidonic acid (NO 2AA) inhibits protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) through reversible covalent adduct formation with critical cysteines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1131-1139. [PMID: 28215702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitroarachidonic acid (NO2AA) exhibits pleiotropic anti-inflammatory actions in a variety of cell types. We have recently shown that NO2AA inhibits phagocytic NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) by preventing the formation of the active complex. Recent work indicates the participation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activity in NOX2 activation. Cysteine (Cys) residues at PDI active sites could be targets for NO2AA- nitroalkylation regulating PDI activity which could explain our previous observation. METHODS PDI reductase and chaperone activities were assessed using the insulin and GFP renaturation methods in the presence or absence of NO2AA. To determine the covalent reaction with PDI as well as the site of reaction, the PEG-switch assay and LC-MS/MS studies were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We determined that both activities of PDI were inhibited by NO2AA in a dose- and time- dependent manner and independent from release of nitric oxide. Since nitroalkenes are potent electrophiles and PDI has critical Cys residues for its activity, then formation of a covalent adduct between NO2AA and PDI is feasible. To this end we demonstrated the reversible covalent modification of PDI by NO2AA. Trypsinization of modified PDI confirmed that the Cys residues present in the active site a' of PDI were key targets accounting for nitroalkene modification. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE PDI may contribute to NOX2 activation. As such, inhibition of PDI by NO2AA might be involved in preventing NOX2 activation. Future work will be directed to determine if the covalent modifications observed play a role in the reported NO2AA inhibition of NOX2 activity.
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Levant M, Steinberg V. Intermediate regime and a phase diagram of red blood cell dynamics in a linear flow. Phys Rev E 2017; 94:062412. [PMID: 28085369 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.062412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we investigate the in vitro dynamics of a single rabbit red blood cell (RBC) in a planar linear flow as a function of a shear stress σ and the dynamic viscosity of outer fluid η_{o}. A linear flow is a generalization of previous studies dynamics of soft objects including RBC in shear flow and is realized in the experiment in a microfluidic four-roll mill device. We verify that the RBC stable orientation dynamics is found in the experiment being the in-shear-plane orientation and the RBC dynamics is characterized by observed three RBC dynamical states, namely tumbling (TU), intermediate (INT), and swinging (SW) [or tank-treading (TT)] on a single RBC. The main results of these studies are the following. (i) We completely characterize the RBC dynamical states and reconstruct their phase diagram in the case of the RBC in-shear-plane orientation in a planar linear flow and find it in a good agreement with that obtained in early experiments in a shear flow for human RBCs. (ii) The value of the critical shear stress σ_{c} of the TU-TT(SW) transition surprisingly coincides with that found in early experiments in spite of a significant difference in the degree of RBC shape deformations in both the SW and INT states. (iii) We describe the INT regime, which is stationary, characterized by strong RBC shape deformations and observed in a wide range of the shear stresses. We argue that our observations cast doubts on the main claim of the recent numerical simulations that the only RBC spheroidal stress-free shape is capable to explain the early experimental data. Finally, we suggest that the amplitude dependence of both θ and the shape deformation parameter D on σ can be used as the quantitative criterion to determine the RBC stress-free shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Levant
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Victor Steinberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Mata-Pérez C, Sánchez-Calvo B, Begara-Morales JC, Carreras A, Padilla MN, Melguizo M, Valderrama R, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Nitro-linolenic acid is a nitric oxide donor. Nitric Oxide 2016; 57:57-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Mata-Pérez C, Sánchez-Calvo B, Begara-Morales JC, Padilla MN, Valderrama R, Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Nitric oxide release from nitro-fatty acids in Arabidopsis roots. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1154255. [PMID: 26910757 PMCID: PMC4883945 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1154255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research on the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in plant systems has remarkably grown. However, most of the interest in this molecule has been focused on its ability to mediate different post-translational modifications (NO-PTM) in biomolecules, mainly nitration and S-nitrosylation of proteins, and its involvement in physiological and stress situations. Nevertheless, very recently the nitration of other molecules such as fatty acids has commanded increasingly greater attention. In the last February issue of Plant Physiology, we again reported on the endogenous occurrence of nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs), specifically nitro-linolenic acid (NO2-Ln), in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The analysis of the presence of this nitro-fatty acid showed that levels of NO2-Ln decreased throughout the plant development with the higher levels detected in seeds and young seedlings of this plant. Furthermore, through a transcriptomic analysis by RNA-seq technology applying NO2-Ln to A. thaliana cell-suspension cultures, we found high induction in the transcriptional expression of several heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and the enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and methionine sulfoxide reductase (MSR). Based on these findings, the involvement of NO2-Ln in the NO metabolism was analyzed showing a significant NO formation in roots from 7-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings and standing out that NO generated from NO2-Ln could have an important role at the beginning of plant development. Therefore, these findings highlight the importance of these novel NO-derived molecules in plant systems playing a pivotal role in development and in the antioxidant defense response against different abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Capilla Mata-Pérez
- a Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Calvo
- a Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain
| | - Juan C Begara-Morales
- a Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain
| | - María N Padilla
- a Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain
| | - Raquel Valderrama
- a Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- b Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Granada , Spain
| | - Juan B Barroso
- a Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén , Jaén , Spain
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Villacorta L, Gao Z, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA, Chen YE. Nitro-fatty acids in cardiovascular regulation and diseases: characteristics and molecular mechanisms. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:873-89. [PMID: 26709810 DOI: 10.2741/4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are endogenously formed by redox reactions of nitric oxide ((.)NO)- and nitrite ((.)NO2)- derived nitrogen dioxide with unsaturated fatty acids. Nitration preferentially occurs on polyunsaturated fatty acids with conjugated dienes under physiological or pathophysiological conditions such as during digestion, metabolism and as adaptive inflammatory processes. Nitro-fatty acids are present in free and esterified forms achieving broad biodistribution in humans and experimental models. Structural, functional and biological characterization of NO2-FAs has revealed clinically relevant protection from inflammatory injury in a number of cardiovascular, renal and metabolic experimental models. NO2-FAs are engaged in posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of a selective redox sensitive pool of proteins and regulate key adaptive signaling pathways involved in cellular homeostasis and inflammatory response. Here, we review and update the biosynthesis, metabolism and signaling actions of NO2-FAs, highlighting their diverse protective roles relevant to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Villacorta
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 26, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109,,
| | - Zhen Gao
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 26, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, E1343 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, E1343 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex 26, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Xu GG, Deshpande TM, Ghatge MS, Mehta AY, Omar ASM, Ahmed MH, Venitz J, Abdulmalik O, Zhang Y, Safo MK. Design, Synthesis, and Investigation of Novel Nitric Oxide (NO)-Releasing Prodrugs as Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Ischemic Disorders: Insights into NO-Releasing Prodrug Biotransformation and Hemoglobin-NO Biochemistry. Biochemistry 2015; 54:7178-92. [PMID: 26582149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed novel nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prodrugs of efaproxiral (RSR13) for their potential therapeutic applications in a variety of diseases with underlying ischemia. RSR13 is an allosteric effector of hemoglobin (Hb) that decreases the protein's affinity for oxygen, thereby increasing tissue oxygenation. NO, because of its vasodilatory property, in the form of ester prodrugs has been found to be useful in managing several cardiovascular diseases by increasing blood flow and oxygenation in ischemic tissues. We synthesized three NO-donor ester derivatives of RSR13 (DD-1, DD-2, and DD-3) by attaching the NO-releasing moieties nitrooxyethyl, nitrooxypropyl, and 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate, respectively, to the carboxylate of RSR13. In vitro studies demonstrated that the compounds released NO in a time-dependent manner upon being incubated with l-cysteine (1.8-9.3%) or human serum (2.3-52.5%) and also reduced the affinity of Hb for oxygen in whole blood (ΔP50 of 4.9-21.7 mmHg vs ΔP50 of 25.4-32.1 mmHg for RSR13). Crystallographic studies showed RSR13, the hydrolysis product of the reaction between DD-1 and deoxygenated Hb, bound to the central water cavity of Hb. Also, the hydrolysis product, NO, was observed exclusively bound to the two α hemes, the first such HbNO structure to be reported, capturing the previously proposed physiological bis-ligated nitrosylHb species. Finally, nitrate was observed bound to βHis97. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the compounds incubated with matrices used for the various studies demonstrated the presence of the predicted reaction products. Our findings, beyond the potential therapeutic application, provide valuable insights into the biotransformation of NO-releasing prodrugs and their mechanism of action and into hemoglobin-NO biochemistry at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdel Sattar M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Alsulaymanyah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University , Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | | | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Lundberg JO, Gladwin MT, Weitzberg E. Strategies to increase nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2015; 14:623-41. [PMID: 26265312 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule in the cardiovascular, immune and central nervous systems, and crucial steps in the regulation of NO bioavailability in health and disease are well characterized. Although early approaches to therapeutically modulate NO bioavailability failed in clinical trials, an enhanced understanding of fundamental subcellular signalling has enabled a range of novel therapeutic approaches to be identified. These include the identification of: new pathways for enhancing NO synthase activity; ways to amplify the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway; novel classes of NO-donating drugs; drugs that limit NO metabolism through effects on reactive oxygen species; and ways to modulate downstream phosphodiesterases and soluble guanylyl cyclases. In this Review, we discuss these latest developments, with a focus on cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Milic I, Griesser E, Vemula V, Ieda N, Nakagawa H, Miyata N, Galano JM, Oger C, Durand T, Fedorova M. Profiling and relative quantification of multiply nitrated and oxidized fatty acids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5587-602. [PMID: 26022093 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The levels of nitro fatty acids (NO2-FA), such as nitroarachidonic, nitrolinoleic, nitrooleic, and dinitrooleic acids, are elevated under various inflammatory conditions, and this results in different anti-inflammatory effects. However, other multiply nitrated and nitro-oxidized FAs have not been studied so far. Owing to the low concentrations in vivo, NO2-FA analytics usually relies on targeted gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-MS/MS, and thus require standard compounds for method development. To overcome this limitation and increase the number and diversity of analytes, we performed in-depth mass spectrometry (MS) profiling of nitration products formed in vitro by incubating fatty acids with NO2BF4, and ONOO(-). The modified fatty acids were used to develop a highly specific and sensitive multiple reaction monitoring LC-MS method for relative quantification of 42 different nitrated and oxidized species representing three different groups: singly nitrated, multiply nitrated, and nitro-oxidized fatty acids. The method was validated in in vitro nitration kinetic studies and in a cellular model of nitrosative stress. NO2-FA were quantified in lipid extracts from 3-morpholinosydnonimine-treated rat primary cardiomyocytes after 15, 30, and 70 min from stress onset. The relatively high levels of dinitrooleic, nitroarachidonic, hydroxynitrodocosapenataenoic, nitrodocosahexaenoic, hydroxynitrodocosahexaenoic, and dinitrodocosahexaenoic acids confirm the presence of multiply nitrated and nitro-oxidized fatty acids in biological systems for the first time. Thus, in vitro nitration was successfully used to establish a targeted LC-MS/MS method that was applied to complex biological samples for quantifying diverse NO2-FA. Graphical Abstract Schematic representation of study design which combined in vitro nitration of different fatty acids, MS/MS characterization and optimization of MRM method for relative quantification, which was applied to follow dynamic of fatty acid nitration in cellular model of SIN-1 treated cardiomyoctes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milic
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany
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Nadtochiy SM, Madukwe J, Hagen F, Brookes PS. Mitochondrially targeted nitro-linoleate: a new tool for the study of cardioprotection. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:2091-8. [PMID: 24102583 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remains a significant clinical problem with limited treatment options available. We previously showed that cardioprotection against IR injury by nitro-fatty acids, such as nitro-linoleate (LNO2 ), involves covalent modification of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1). Thus, it was hypothesized that conjugation of LNO2 to the mitochondriotropic triphenylphosphonium (TPP(+) ) moiety would enhance its protective properties. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TPP(+) -LNO2 was synthesized from aminopropyl-TPP(+) and LNO2 , and characterized by direct infusion MS/MS. Its effects were assayed in primary cultures of cardiomyocytes from adult C57BL/6 mice and in mitochondria from these cells, exposed to simulated IR (SIR) conditions (oxygen and metabolite deprivation for 1h followed by normal conditions for 1h) by measuring viability by LDH release and exclusion of Trypan blue. Nitro-alkylated mitochondrial proteins were also measured by Western blots, using antibodies to TPP(+) . KEY RESULTS TPP(+) -LNO2 protected cardiomyocytes from SIR injury more potently than the parent compound LNO2 . In addition, TPP(+) -LNO2 modified mitochondrial proteins, including ANT1, in a manner sensitive to the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) and the ANT1 inhibitor carboxyatractyloside. Similar protein nitro-alkylation was obtained in cells and in isolated mitochondria, indicating the cell membrane was not a significant barrier to TPP(+) -LNO2 . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Together, these results emphasize the importance of ANT1 as a target for the protective effects of LNO2 , and suggest that TPP(+) -conjugated electrophilic lipid compounds may yield novel tools for the investigation of cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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20
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Protection from hypertension in mice by the Mediterranean diet is mediated by nitro fatty acid inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:8167-72. [PMID: 24843165 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1402965111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is inhibited by electrophilic lipids by their adduction to Cys521 proximal to its catalytic center. This inhibition prevents hydrolysis of the enzymes' epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) substrates, so they accumulate inducing vasodilation to lower blood pressure (BP). We generated a Cys521Ser sEH redox-dead knockin (KI) mouse model that was resistant to this mode of inhibition. The electrophilic lipid 10-nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) inhibited hydrolase activity and also lowered BP in an angiotensin II-induced hypertension model in wild-type (WT) but not KI mice. Furthermore, EET/dihydroxy-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid isomer ratios were elevated in plasma from WT but not KI mice following NO2-OA treatment, consistent with the redox-dead mutant being resistant to inhibition by lipid electrophiles. sEH was inhibited in WT mice fed linoleic acid and nitrite, key constituents of the Mediterranean diet that elevates electrophilic nitro fatty acid levels, whereas KIs were unaffected. These observations reveal that lipid electrophiles such as NO2-OA mediate antihypertensive signaling actions by inhibiting sEH and suggest a mechanism accounting for protection from hypertension afforded by the Mediterranean diet.
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21
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Woodcock SR, Salvatore SR, Bonacci G, Schopfer FJ, Freeman BA. Biomimetic nitration of conjugated linoleic acid: formation and characterization of naturally occurring conjugated nitrodienes. J Org Chem 2013; 79:25-33. [PMID: 24350701 DOI: 10.1021/jo4021562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-conjugated linoleic acids (NO2-cLA), endogenous nitrodiene lipids which act as inflammatory signaling mediators, were isolated and single isomers purified from the biomimetic acidic nitration products of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Structures were elucidated by means of detailed NMR and HPLC-MS/MS spectroscopic analysis and the relative double bond configurations assigned. Additional synthetic methods produced useful quantities and similar isomeric distributions of these unusual and reactive compounds for biological studies and isotopic standards, and the potential conversion of nitro-linoleic to nitro-conjugated linoleic acids was explored via a facile base-catalyzed isomerization. This represents one of the few descriptions of naturally occurring conjugated nitro dienes (in particular, 1-nitro 1,3-diene), an unusual and highly reactive motif with few biological examples extant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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22
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Salvatore SR, Vitturi DA, Baker PRS, Bonacci G, Koenitzer JR, Woodcock SR, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Characterization and quantification of endogenous fatty acid nitroalkene metabolites in human urine. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1998-2009. [PMID: 23620137 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m037804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation and nitration of unsaturated fatty acids transforms cell membrane and lipoprotein constituents into mediators that regulate signal transduction. The formation of 9-NO2-octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid and 12-NO2-octadeca-9,11-dienoic acid stems from peroxynitrite- and myeloperoxidase-derived nitrogen dioxide reactions as well as secondary to nitrite disproportionation under the acidic conditions of digestion. Broad anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective responses are mediated by nitro-fatty acids. It is now shown that electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes are present in the urine of healthy human volunteers (9.9 ± 4.0 pmol/mg creatinine); along with electrophilic 16- and 14-carbon nitroalkenyl β-oxidation metabolites. High resolution mass determinations and coelution with isotopically-labeled metabolites support renal excretion of cysteine-nitroalkene conjugates. These products of Michael addition are in equilibrium with the free nitroalkene pool in urine and are displaced by thiol reaction with mercury chloride. This reaction increases the level of free nitroalkene fraction >10-fold and displays a K(D) of 7.5 × 10(-6) M. In aggregate, the data indicates that formation of Michael adducts by electrophilic fatty acids is favored under biological conditions and that reversal of these addition reactions is critical for detecting both parent nitroalkenes and their metabolites. The measurement of this class of mediators can constitute a sensitive noninvasive index of metabolic and inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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23
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Das UN. Essential fatty acids and their metabolites as modulators of stem cell biology with reference to inflammation, cancer, and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 30:311-24. [PMID: 22005953 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are pluripotent and expected to be of benefit in the management of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease in which pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased. Identifying endogenous bioactive molecules that have a regulatory role in stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation may aid in the use of stem cells in various diseases including cancer. Essential fatty acids form precursors to both pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules have been shown to regulate gene expression, enzyme activity, modulate inflammation and immune response, gluconeogenesis via direct and indirect pathways, function directly as agonists of a number of G protein-coupled receptors, activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and stimulate cell proliferation via Ca(2+), phospholipase C/protein kinase, events that are also necessary for stem cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Hence, it is likely that bioactive lipids play a significant role in various diseases by modulating the proliferation and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in addition to their capacity to suppress inflammation. Ephrin Bs and reelin, adhesion molecules, and microRNAs regulate neuronal migration and cancer cell metastasis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their products seem to modulate the expression of ephrin Bs and reelin and several adhesion molecules and microRNAs suggesting that bioactive lipids participate in neuronal regeneration and stem cell proliferation, migration, and cancer cell metastasis. Thus, there appears to be a close interaction among essential fatty acids, their bioactive products, and inflammation and cancer growth and its metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada 533 003, India.
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Nadtochiy SM, Zhu QM, Zhu Q, Urciuoli W, Rafikov R, Black SM, Brookes PS. Nitroalkenes confer acute cardioprotection via adenine nucleotide translocase 1. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:3573-80. [PMID: 22158628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.298406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophilic nitrated lipids (nitroalkenes) are emerging as an important class of protective cardiovascular signaling molecules. Although species such as nitro-linoleate (LNO(2)) and nitro-oleate can confer acute protection against cardiac ischemic injury, their mechanism of action is unclear. Mild uncoupling of mitochondria is known to be cardioprotective, and adenine nucleotide translocase 1 (ANT1) is a key mediator of mitochondrial uncoupling. ANT1 also contains redox-sensitive cysteines that may be targets for modification by nitroalkenes. Therefore, in this study we tested the hypothesis that nitroalkenes directly modify ANT1 and that nitroalkene-mediated cardioprotection requires ANT1. Using biotin-tagged LNO(2) infused into intact perfused hearts, we obtained mass spectrometric (MALDI-TOF-TOF) evidence for direct modification (nitroalkylation) of ANT1 on cysteine 57. Furthermore, in a cell model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, siRNA knockdown of ANT1 inhibited the cardioprotective effect of LNO(2). Although the molecular mechanism linking ANT1-Cys(57) nitroalkylation and uncoupling is not yet known, these data suggest that ANT1-mediated uncoupling may be a mechanism for nitroalkene-induced cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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25
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Capuozzo E, Pecci L, Giovannitti F, Baseggio Conrado A, Fontana M. Oxidative and nitrative modifications of enkephalins by human neutrophils: effect of nitroenkephalin on leukocyte functional responses. Amino Acids 2011; 43:875-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guo CJ, Schopfer FJ, Gonzales L, Wang P, Freeman BA, Gow AJ. Atypical PKCζ transduces electrophilic fatty acid signaling in pulmonary epithelial cells. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:366-72. [PMID: 21871968 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide and secondary oxides of nitrogen react with unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid to yield oxidized and nitrated products. Fatty acid nitroalkene derivatives, (e.g. nitrolinoleate [LNO(2)]) are produced by oxidative inflammatory reactions, detected clinically, display potent electrophilic reactivity and induce post-translational protein modifications that mediate adaptive inflammatory signaling responses. LNO(2) signaling was examined in lung epithelial cells because the alveolar compartment is a rich site for the transduction of redox and inflammatory reactions. LNO(2) did not directly induce Ca(2+) influx in cultured lung epithelial cells, but inhibited bradykinin-induced Ca(2+) influx in a cGMP-independent manner. In contrast, LNO(2) activated MAP kinase (Erk1/2) by a mechanism independent of bradykinin. It was hypothesized that these unique responses were transduced by activation of different protein kinase C isotypes, supported by the observation that LNO(2)-mediated inhibition of Ca(2+) influx was blocked by the non-selective PKC inhibitors chelerythine chloride and calphostin C, but not by the calcium dependent "classic" PKC inhibitor Gö6976. Western blot analysis showed that atypical PKCζ was activated by LNO(2) stimulation, with PKCζ and Erk activation also demonstrated in primary culture of human lung type II cells. Addition of pseudotypical PKCζ substrate peptide reversed LNO(2)-mediated induction of Ca(2+) influx and MAP kinase activation. Finally, the electrophilic nature of LNO(2) resulted in a novel mode of PKCζ activation, covalent adduction of the enzyme. In summary, LNO(2) mediated signaling in lung type II epithelial cells occurs via a unique pathway involving PKCζ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jiang Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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27
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Bates DJP, Smitherman PK, Townsend AJ, King SB, Morrow CS. Nitroalkene fatty acids mediate activation of Nrf2/ARE-dependent and PPARγ-dependent transcription by distinct signaling pathways and with significantly different potencies. Biochemistry 2011; 50:7765-73. [PMID: 21827153 DOI: 10.1021/bi2005784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring nitroalkene fatty acids (NAs) derived from oleic (NO(2)-OA) and linoleic (NO(2)-LA) acids mediate a variety of cellular responses. We examined the signaling pathways involved in NA activation of Nrf2/ARE-dependent versus PPARγ/PPRE-dependent transcription in human MCF7 breast cancer cells. Additionally, we compared the relative potencies of NO(2)-OA and NO(2)-LA in activating these two transcriptional programs. Here it is demonstrated that, in addition to the direct adduct formation of NA with the Nrf2 inhibitory protein, Keap1, shown by others, NA activation of Nrf2/ARE-mediated transcription results from increased nuclear Nrf2 levels and depends upon activation of the PI3K/AKT and PKC, but not ERK and JNK MAPK, signaling pathways. Examination of the relationship between NA stimulation of the Nrf2/ARE versus PPARγ/PPRE transcriptional programs revealed concentration-dependent activation of distinct signaling pathways that were readily distinguished by selective attenuation of Nrf2/ARE-dependent, but not PPARγ-dependent, transcription by inhibitors of PI3K and PKC. Moreover, measurable, statistically significant activation of PPARγ/PPRE-dependent transcription occurred at nanomolar concentrations of NAs-the 12-NO(2) isomer of NO(2)-LA showing the most potent activity-whereas significant activation of Nrf2/ARE-dependent transcription occurred at much higher NA concentrations (≥3 μM) with the NO(2)-OA isomers the most potent. These findings have implications for the physiological roles of NAs, suggesting that, at concentrations likely to be encountered in vivo, their direct activation of PPARγ transcription will dominate over their electrophilic activation of Nrf2 antioxidant/protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy J P Bates
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
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Nitroalkylation--a redox sensitive signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:777-84. [PMID: 21723375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-sensitive posttranslational modification emerged as important signaling mechanisms. Besides other posttranslational modifications nitroalkylation by nitrated fatty acids mediate favorable anti-inflammatory effects. This review gives an overview of the generation and the reactivity of nitrated fatty acids. Additionally, it provides insights into the so far described pathways regulated by nitrated fatty acids. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Regulation of Cellular Processes by S-nitrosylation.
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Rudnicki M, Faine LA, Dehne N, Namgaladze D, Ferderbar S, Weinlich R, Amarante-Mendes GP, Yan CYI, Krieger JE, Brüne B, Abdalla DSP. Hypoxia inducible factor-dependent regulation of angiogenesis by nitro-fatty acids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1360-7. [PMID: 21454809 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nitro-fatty acids (NO(2)-FAs) are emerging as a new class of cell signaling mediators. Because NO(2)-FAs are found in the vascular compartment and their impact on vascularization remains unknown, we aimed to investigate the role of NO(2)-FAs in angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of nitrolinoleic acid and nitrooleic acid were evaluated on migration of endothelial cell (EC) in vitro, EC sprouting ex vivo, and angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane assay in vivo. At 10 μmol/L, both NO(2)-FAs induced EC migration and the formation of sprouts and promoted angiogenesis in vivo in an NO-dependent manner. In addition, NO(2)-FAs increased intracellular NO concentration, upregulated protein expression of the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcription factor by an NO-mediated mechanism, and induced expression of HIF-1α target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, glucose transporter-1, and adrenomedullin. Compared with typical NO donors such as spermine-NONOate and deta-NONOate, NO(2)-FAs were slightly less potent inducers of EC migration and HIF-1α expression. Short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of HIF-1α attenuated the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression and EC migration stimulated by NO(2)-FAs. CONCLUSION Our data disclose a novel physiological role for NO(2)-FAs, indicating that these compounds induce angiogenesis in an NO-dependent mechanism via activation of HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rudnicki
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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31
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Blanco F, Ferreira AM, López GV, Bonilla L, González M, Cerecetto H, Trostchansky A, Rubbo H. 6-Methylnitroarachidonate: a novel esterified nitroalkene that potently inhibits platelet aggregation and exerts cGMP-mediated vascular relaxation. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:411-8. [PMID: 21145389 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids represent endogenously occurring products of oxidant-induced nitration reactions. We have previously synthesized a mixture of four isomers of nitroarachidonic acid, a novel anti-inflammatory signaling mediator. In this study, we synthesized and chemically and biologically characterized for the first time an esterified nitroalkene derived from the nitration of methylarachidonate (AAMet): 6-methylnitroarachidonate (6-AAMetNO(2)). Synthesis was performed by reacting AAMet with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions. Analysis by mass spectrometry (positive-ion ESI-MS) showed an [M+H](+) ion of m/z 364, characteristic of AAMetNO(2). Fragmentation of this ion yielded a daughter ion at m/z 317, corresponding to the neutral loss of the nitro group ([M+H-HNO(2)](+)). Furthermore, IR signal at 1378 cm(-1) and NMR data confirmed the structure of a 6-nitro-positional isomer. This novel esterified nitroalkene was capable of promoting vascular protective actions including: (a) the induction of vasorelaxation via endothelium-independent mechanisms, associated with an increase in smooth muscle cell cGMP levels, and (b) a potent dose-dependent inhibition of human platelet aggregation. We postulate that 6-AAMetNO(2) could be a potential drug for the prevention of vascular and inflammatory diseases, and the presence of the methyl group may increase its pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Blanco
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Universidad de República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Hon YY, Sun H, Dejam A, Gladwin MT. Characterization of erythrocytic uptake and release and disposition pathways of nitrite, nitrate, methemoglobin, and iron-nitrosyl hemoglobin in the human circulation. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:1707-13. [PMID: 20634335 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.034355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrite-hemoglobin reactions have been studied extensively in vitro, but there is a lack of information on the kinetics of nitrite and its metabolites in humans. In this study, we developed a nine-compartment physiological pharmacokinetic model to describe the in vivo erythrocytic uptake and release and disposition pathways of nitrite, nitrate, methemoglobin, and iron-nitrosyl hemoglobin in the human circulation. Our model revealed that nitrite entered erythrocytes rapidly with a rate constant of 0.256 min(-1) (i.e., half-life = 2.71 min). The formation of iron-nitrosyl hemoglobin from nitrite, which involves the reduction of nitrite by deoxyhemoglobin to generate nitric oxide (NO) and reaction of NO with deoxyhemoglobin to form iron-nitrosyl hemoglobin, occurred rapidly as well (k = 2.02 min(-1); half-life = 0.343 min = 21 s). The disposition kinetics of methemoglobin was complex. Nitrate formation occurred primarily in erythrocytes through the nitrite-oxyhemoglobin reaction and was higher when nitrite was administered intra-arterially than intravenously. Nitrate reduction was an insignificant metabolic pathway. This study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the kinetics of nitrite and its metabolites in humans and provides unique insights into the rapid equilibrium of nitrite into erythrocytes and conversion to NO in the red cell, which is kinetically associated with vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yi Hon
- Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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33
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Dunny E, Evans P. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the PPAR-γ Agonist 10-Nitrolinoleic Acid. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5334-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1007493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dunny
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paul Evans
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Zhang J, Villacorta L, Chang L, Fan Z, Hamblin M, Zhu T, Chen CS, Cole MP, Schopfer FJ, Deng CX, Garcia-Barrio MT, Feng YH, Freeman BA, Chen YE. Nitro-oleic acid inhibits angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Circ Res 2010; 107:540-8. [PMID: 20558825 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.218404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO(2)) is a bioactive, nitric-oxide derived fatty acid with physiologically relevant vasculoprotective properties in vivo. OA-NO(2) exerts cell signaling actions as a result of its strong electrophilic nature and mediates pleiotropic cell responses in the vasculature. OBJECTIVE The present study sought to investigate the protective role of OA-NO(2) in angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that systemic administration of OA-NO(2) results in a sustained reduction of Ang II-induced hypertension in mice and exerts a significant blood pressure lowering effect on preexisting hypertension established by Ang II infusion. OA-NO(2) significantly inhibits Ang II contractile response as compared to oleic acid (OA) in mesenteric vessels. The improved vasoconstriction is specific for the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R)-mediated signaling because vascular contraction by other G-protein-coupled receptors is not altered in response to OA-NO(2) treatment. From the mechanistic viewpoint, OA-NO(2) lowers Ang II-induced hypertension independently of peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma activation. Rather, OA-NO(2), but not OA, specifically binds to the AT(1)R, reduces heterotrimeric G-protein coupling, and inhibits IP(3) (inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate) and calcium mobilization, without inhibiting Ang II binding to the receptor. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that OA-NO(2) diminishes the pressor response to Ang II and inhibits AT(1)R-dependent vasoconstriction, revealing OA-NO(2) as a novel antagonist of Ang II-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, USA
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Tang X, Guo Y, Nakamura K, Huang H, Hamblin M, Chang L, Villacorta L, Yin K, Ouyang H, Zhang J. Nitroalkenes induce rat aortic smooth muscle cell apoptosis via activation of caspase-dependent pathways. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 397:239-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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36
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Khoo NK, Rudolph V, Cole MP, Golin-Bisello F, Schopfer FJ, Woodcock SR, Batthyany C, Freeman BA. Activation of vascular endothelial nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase-1 expression by electrophilic nitro-fatty acids. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 48:230-9. [PMID: 19857569 PMCID: PMC2818734 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species mediate a decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction, with secondary oxidized and nitrated by-products of these reactions contributing to the pathogenesis of numerous vascular diseases. While oxidized lipids and lipoproteins exacerbate inflammatory reactions in the vasculature, in stark contrast the nitration of polyunsaturated fatty acids and complex lipids yields electrophilic products that exhibit pluripotent anti-inflammatory signaling capabilities acting via both cGMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Herein we report that nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO(2)) treatment increases expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the vasculature, thus transducing vascular protective effects associated with enhanced NO production. Administration of OA-NO(2) via osmotic pump results in a significant increase in eNOS and HO-1 mRNA in mouse aortas. Moreover, HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that NO(2)-FAs are rapidly metabolized in cultured endothelial cells (ECs) and treatment with NO(2)-FAs stimulated the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser(1179). These posttranslational modifications of eNOS, in concert with elevated eNOS gene expression, contributed to an increase in endothelial NO production. In aggregate, OA-NO(2)-induced eNOS and HO-1 expression by vascular cells can induce beneficial effects on endothelial function and provide a new strategy for treating various vascular inflammatory and hypertensive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K.H. Khoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
- Address correspondence to: Nicholas K.H. Khoo, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, E1314 BST, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Tel: 412-648-9671; Fax: 412-648-2229; . Bruce A Freeman, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, E1340 BST, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Tel: 412-648-9319; Fax: 412-648-2229;
| | - Volker Rudolph
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marsha P. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Franca Golin-Bisello
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | - Steven R. Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
| | | | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, USA
- Address correspondence to: Nicholas K.H. Khoo, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, E1314 BST, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Tel: 412-648-9671; Fax: 412-648-2229; . Bruce A Freeman, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, E1340 BST, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Tel: 412-648-9319; Fax: 412-648-2229;
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Wang H, Liu H, Jia Z, Jia Z, Olsen C, Litwin S, Guan G, Yang T. Nitro-oleic acid protects against endotoxin-induced endotoxemia and multiorgan injury in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 298:F754-62. [PMID: 20032118 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00439.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroalkene derivatives of nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) are endogenous lipid products with potent anti-inflammatory properties in vitro. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of OA-NO2 in mice given LPS. Two days before LPS administration, C57BL/6J mice were chronically infused with vehicle (LPS vehicle) or OA-NO2 (LPS OA-NO2) at 200 microg x kg(-1) x day(-1) via osmotic minipumps; LPS was administered via a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection (10 mg/kg in saline). A third group received an ip injection of saline without LPS or OA-NO2 and served as controls. At 18 h of LPS administration, LPS vehicle mice displayed multiorgan dysfunction as evidenced by elevated plasma urea and creatinine (kidney), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT; liver), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reduced ejection fraction (heart). In contrast, the severity of multiorgan dysfunction was less in LPS OA-NO2 animals. The levels of circulating TNF-alpha and renal TNF-alpha mRNA expression, together with renal mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, and with renal mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2, and renal cGMP and PGE2 contents, were greater in LPS vehicle vs. control mice, but were attenuated in LPS OA-NO2 animals. Similar patterns of changes in the expression of inflammatory mediators were observed in the liver. Together, pretreatment with OA-NO2 ameliorated the inflammatory response and multiorgan injury in endotoxin-induced endotoxemia in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
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Leopold JA, Loscalzo J. Oxidative risk for atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1673-706. [PMID: 19751821 PMCID: PMC2797369 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the vasculature, reactive oxidant species, including reactive oxygen, nitrogen, or halogenating species, and thiyl, tyrosyl, or protein radicals may oxidatively modify lipids and proteins with deleterious consequences for vascular function. These biologically active free radical and nonradical species may be produced by increased activation of oxidant-generating sources and/or decreased cellular antioxidant capacity. Once formed, these species may engage in reactions to yield more potent oxidants that promote transition of the homeostatic vascular phenotype to a pathobiological state that is permissive for atherothrombogenesis. This dysfunctional vasculature is characterized by lipid peroxidation and aberrant lipid deposition, inflammation, immune cell activation, platelet activation, thrombus formation, and disturbed hemodynamic flow. Each of these pathobiological states is associated with an increase in the vascular burden of free radical species-derived oxidation products and, thereby, implicates increased oxidant stress in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A Leopold
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hwang J, Lee KE, Lim JY, Park SI. Nitrated fatty acids prevent TNFα-stimulated inflammatory and atherogenic responses in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 387:633-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
The identification of nitric oxide ((*)NO) as an endogenously produced free radical mediator of endothelial-dependent relaxation and host defense has fundamentally changed concepts of cell signal transduction. Ligand-receptor oriented paradigms of cell signaling were originally centered on the concept of a high affinity and specific interaction between a ligand and its receptor, resulting in the activation of secondary signaling events such as gene expression or modulation of catalytic protein function. While (*)NO ligation of the heme iron of soluble guanylate cyclase is consistent with this perspective, the readily diffusible and broadly reactive (*)NO is increasingly appreciated to react with a vast array of target molecules that mediate paracrine vasodilator actions, inhibition of thrombosis and neointimal proliferation, and both pro- and antiinflammatory signaling reactions that are not affected by inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase. There is an expanding array of functionally significant "off target" collateral reactions mediated by (*)NO that are guanylate cyclase-independent and rather are dictated by anatomic distribution and the formation of secondary (*)NO-derived species. These reactions are a critical element of redox-regulated signaling and are addressed herein in the context of the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids to vascular and inflammatory signaling mediators. Because of their abundance and the intrinsic reactivity of unsaturated lipid intermediates and eicosanoid metabolism enzymes with (*)NO and other oxides of nitrogen, lipid signaling mechanisms are a significant target for regulation by (*)NO in the vascular compartment. This convergence of (*)NO and lipid signaling pathways thus adds another level of regulation to physiological responses such as vasodilation, thrombosis, and inflammation. Herein, interactions between (*)NO and lipid signaling events are placed in the context of cardiovascular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Rudolph
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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41
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Baker PR, Schopfer FJ, O’Donnell VB, Freeman BA. Convergence of nitric oxide and lipid signaling: anti-inflammatory nitro-fatty acids. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:989-1003. [PMID: 19200454 PMCID: PMC2761210 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The signaling mediators nitric oxide ( NO) and oxidized lipids, once viewed to transduce metabolic and inflammatory information via discrete and independent pathways, are now appreciated as interdependent regulators of immune response and metabolic homeostasis. The interactions between these two classes of mediators result in reciprocal control of mediator synthesis that is strongly influenced by the local chemical environment. The relationship between the two pathways extends beyond coregulation of NO and eicosanoid formation to converge via the nitration of unsaturated fatty acids to yield nitro derivatives (NO(2)-FA). These pluripotent signaling molecules are generated in vivo as an adaptive response to oxidative inflammatory conditions and manifest predominantly anti-inflammatory signaling reactions. These actions of NO(2)-FA are diverse, with these species serving as a potential chemical reserve of NO, reacting with cellular nucleophiles to posttranslationally modify protein structure, function, and localization. In this regard these species act as potent endogenous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Functional consequences of these signaling mechanisms have been shown in multiple model systems, including the inhibition of platelet and neutrophil functions, induction of heme oxygenase-1, inhibition of LPS-induced cytokine release in monocytes, increased insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake in adipocytes, and relaxation of preconstricted rat aortic segments. These observations have propelled further in vitro and in vivo studies of mechanisms of NO(2)-FA signaling and metabolism, highlighting the therapeutic potential of this class of molecules as anti-inflammatory drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R.S. Baker
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, E1340 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. ;
| | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, E1340 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Valerie B. O’Donnell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, E1340 Thomas E. Starzl Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. ;
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Iles KE, Wright MM, Cole MP, Welty NE, Ware LB, Matthay MA, Schopfer FJ, Baker PR, Agarwal A, Freeman BA. Fatty acid transduction of nitric oxide signaling: nitrolinoleic acid mediates protective effects through regulation of the ERK pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:866-75. [PMID: 19133325 PMCID: PMC3104854 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that nitroalkenes serve as protective mediators in the lung by inducing the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Nitrolinoleic acid (LNO2) increased HO-1 mRNA, protein, and activity in cultured pulmonary epithelial cells treated with 5 to 50 microM LNO2 and in lungs of rats injected intraperitoneally with 2.6 mg/kg LNO2 twice daily for 20 days. Western blotting revealed that HO-1 protein increased significantly within 4 h of in vitro LNO2 addition and was preceded by an increase in HO-1 mRNA, consistent with transcriptional regulation of HO-1 expression by LNO2. LNO2 also dephosphorylated and activated eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha, a key translational regulatory protein, indicating that increased translation may also contribute to LNO2-induced increases in HO-1. Exposure of cells to LNO2 activated ERK and JNK, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation. Downstream targets of ERK and JNK, Elk-1 and c-Jun, respectively, were also phosphorylated in response to LNO2 exposure. However, inhibitor studies revealed that only the ERK pathway is necessary for the LNO2-mediated increase in HO-1 mRNA and protein. These data reveal that LNO2 induces pulmonary epithelial HO-1 expression and downstream adaptive responses to inflammation via both transcriptional and translational regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E. Iles
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN
- The Center for Free Radical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN
- Address correspondence to: Karen E. Iles, Ph.D, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Ave South, BMR II 304, Birmingham AL 35294, Phone: 205-975-2761/Fax: 205-934-7447, , Or to: Bruce A. Freeman, Ph.D, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, E1340 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 Phone: 412-648-9319/ Fax: 412-648-2229,
| | - Marcienne M. Wright
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN
| | - Marsha P. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nathan E. Welty
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN
| | | | - Francisco J. Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paul R.S. Baker
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN
- The Center for Free Radical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN
| | - Bruce A. Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Address correspondence to: Karen E. Iles, Ph.D, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Ave South, BMR II 304, Birmingham AL 35294, Phone: 205-975-2761/Fax: 205-934-7447, , Or to: Bruce A. Freeman, Ph.D, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, E1340 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 Phone: 412-648-9319/ Fax: 412-648-2229,
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FERREIRA AM, FERRARI MI, TROSTCHANSKY A, BATTHYANY C, SOUZA JM, ALVAREZ MN, LÓPEZ GV, BAKER PRS, SCHOPFER FJ, O’DONNELL V, FREEMAN BA, RUBBO H. Macrophage activation induces formation of the anti-inflammatory lipid cholesteryl-nitrolinoleate. Biochem J 2009; 417:223-34. [PMID: 18671672 PMCID: PMC3290868 DOI: 10.1042/bj20080701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitroalkene derivatives of fatty acids act as adaptive, anti-inflammatory signalling mediators, based on their high-affinity PPARgamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma) ligand activity and electrophilic reactivity with proteins, including transcription factors. Although free or esterified lipid nitroalkene derivatives have been detected in human plasma and urine, their generation by inflammatory stimuli has not been reported. In the present study, we show increased nitration of cholesteryl-linoleate by activated murine J774.1 macrophages, yielding the mononitrated nitroalkene CLNO2 (cholesteryl-nitrolinoleate). CLNO2 levels were found to increase approximately 20-fold 24 h after macrophage activation with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma; this response was concurrent with an increase in the expression of NOS2 (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and was inhibited by the (*)NO (nitric oxide) inhibitor L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Macrophage (J774.1 and bone-marrow-derived cells) inflammatory responses were suppressed when activated in the presence of CLNO2 or LNO2 (nitrolinoleate). This included: (i) inhibition of NOS2 expression and cytokine secretion through PPARgamma and *NO-independent mechanisms; (ii) induction of haem oxygenase-1 expression; and (iii) inhibition of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) activation. Overall, these results suggest that lipid nitration occurs as part of the response of macrophages to inflammatory stimuli involving NOS2 induction and that these by-products of nitro-oxidative reactions may act as novel adaptive down-regulators of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. FERREIRA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Mariana I. FERRARI
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Andrés TROSTCHANSKY
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Carlos BATTHYANY
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A
| | - José M. SOUZA
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - María N. ALVAREZ
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gloria V. LÓPEZ
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Paul R. S. BAKER
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A
| | - Francisco J. SCHOPFER
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A
| | - Valerie O’DONNELL
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, U.K
| | - Bruce A. FREEMAN
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A
| | - Homero RUBBO
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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44
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Nadtochiy SM, Baker PRS, Freeman BA, Brookes PS. Mitochondrial nitroalkene formation and mild uncoupling in ischaemic preconditioning: implications for cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 82:333-40. [PMID: 19050010 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Both mitochondria and nitric oxide (NO*) contribute to cardioprotection by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). IPC causes mild uncoupling of mitochondria via uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and mild uncoupling per se is cardioprotective. Although electrophilic lipids are known to activate mitochondrial uncoupling, the role of such species in IPC-induced uncoupling and cardioprotection is unclear. We hypothesized that endogenous formation of NO*-derived electrophilic lipids (nitroalkenes such as nitro-linoleate, LNO2) during IPC may stimulate mitochondrial uncoupling via post-translational modification of UCPs and ANT, thus affording cardioprotection. METHODS Hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats were Langendorff-perfused and subjected to IPC. Nitroalkene formation was measured by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The effects of exogenous LNO2 and biotin-tagged LNO2 on isolated heart mitochondria and cardiomyocytes were also investigated. RESULTS Nitroalkenes including LNO2 were endogenously generated in mitochondria of IPC hearts. Synthetic LNO2 (<1 microM) activated mild uncoupling, an effect blocked by UCP and ANT inhibitors. LNO2 (<1 microM) also protected cardiomyocytes against simulated ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Biotinylated LNO2 covalently modified ANT thiols and possibly UCP-2. No effects of LNO2 were attributable to NO* release, cGMP signalling, mitochondrial KATP channels, or protective kinase signalling. CONCLUSION Components of a novel signalling pathway are inferred, wherein nitroalkenes formed by IPC-stimulated nitration reactions may induce mild mitochondrial uncoupling via post-translational modification of ANT and UCP-2, subsequently conferring resistance to ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy M Nadtochiy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Box 604, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Rudolph V, Schopfer FJ, Khoo NKH, Rudolph TK, Cole MP, Woodcock SR, Bonacci G, Groeger AL, Golin-Bisello F, Chen CS, Baker PRS, Freeman BA. Nitro-fatty acid metabolome: saturation, desaturation, beta-oxidation, and protein adduction. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:1461-73. [PMID: 19015269 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802298200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrated derivatives of fatty acids (NO2-FA) are pluripotent cell-signaling mediators that display anti-inflammatory properties. Current understanding of NO2-FA signal transduction lacks insight into how or if NO2-FA are modified or metabolized upon formation or administration in vivo. Here the disposition and metabolism of nitro-9-cis-octadecenoic (18:1-NO2) acid was investigated in plasma and liver after intravenous injection in mice. High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis showed that no 18:1-NO2 or metabolites were detected under basal conditions, whereas administered 18:1-NO2 is rapidly adducted to plasma thiol-containing proteins and glutathione. NO2-FA are also metabolized via beta-oxidation, with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of liver lipid extracts of treated mice revealing nitro-7-cis-hexadecenoic acid, nitro-5-cis-tetradecenoic acid, and nitro-3-cis-dodecenoic acid and corresponding coenzyme A derivatives of 18:1-NO2 as metabolites. Additionally, a significant proportion of 18:1-NO2 and its metabolites are converted to nitroalkane derivatives by saturation of the double bond, and to a lesser extent are desaturated to diene derivatives. There was no evidence of the formation of nitrohydroxyl or conjugated ketone derivatives in organs of interest, metabolites expected upon 18:1-NO2 hydration or nitric oxide (*NO) release. Plasma samples from treated mice had significant extents of protein-adducted 18:1-NO2 detected by exchange to added beta-mercaptoethanol. This, coupled with the observation of 18:1-NO2 release from glutathione-18:1-NO2 adducts, supports that reversible and exchangeable NO2-FA-thiol adducts occur under biological conditions. After administration of [3H]18:1-NO2, 64% of net radiolabel was recovered 90 min later in plasma (0.2%), liver (18%), kidney (2%), adipose tissue (2%), muscle (31%), urine (6%), and other tissue compartments, and may include metabolites not yet identified. In aggregate, these findings show that electrophilic FA nitroalkene derivatives (a) acquire an extended half-life by undergoing reversible and exchangeable electrophilic reactions with nucleophilic targets and (b) are metabolized predominantly via saturation of the double bond and beta-oxidation reactions that terminate at the site of acyl-chain nitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Rudolph
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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46
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Thomas SR, Witting PK, Drummond GR. Redox control of endothelial function and dysfunction: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:1713-65. [PMID: 18707220 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Central to this role is the production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO), synthesized by the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Endothelial dysfunction, manifested as impaired EDNO bioactivity, is an important early event in the development of various vascular diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The degree of impairment of EDNO bioactivity is a determinant of future vascular complications. Accordingly, growing interest exists in defining the pathologic mechanisms involved. Considerable evidence supports a causal role for the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by vascular cells. ROS directly inactivate EDNO, act as cell-signaling molecules, and promote protein dysfunction, events that contribute to the initiation and progression of endothelial dysfunction. Increasing data indicate that strategies designed to limit vascular ROS production can restore endothelial function in humans with vascular complications. The purpose of this review is to outline the various ways in which ROS can influence endothelial function and dysfunction, describe the redox mechanisms involved, and discuss approaches for preventing endothelial dysfunction that may highlight future therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Thomas
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Forman HJ, Fukuto JM, Miller T, Zhang H, Rinna A, Levy S. The chemistry of cell signaling by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and 4-hydroxynonenal. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 477:183-95. [PMID: 18602883 PMCID: PMC2590784 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/14/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past several years, major advances have been made in understanding how reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) participate in signal transduction. Identification of the specific targets and the chemical reactions involved still remains to be resolved with many of the signaling pathways in which the involvement of reactive species has been determined. Our understanding is that ROS and RNS have second messenger roles. While cysteine residues in the thiolate (ionized) form found in several classes of signaling proteins can be specific targets for reaction with H(2)O(2) and RNS, better understanding of the chemistry, particularly kinetics, suggests that for many signaling events in which ROS and RNS participate, enzymatic catalysis is more likely to be involved than non-enzymatic reaction. Due to increased interest in how oxidation products, particularly lipid peroxidation products, also are involved with signaling, a review of signaling by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is included. This article focuses on the chemistry of signaling by ROS, RNS, and HNE and will describe reactions with selected target proteins as representatives of the mechanisms rather attempt to comprehensively review the many signaling pathways in which the reactive species are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Jay Forman
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 4225 N. Hospital Road, Building 1200, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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Manini P, Capelli L, Reale S, Arzillo M, Crescenzi O, Napolitano A, Barone V, d’Ischia M. Chemistry of Nitrated Lipids: Remarkable Instability of 9-Nitrolinoleic Acid in Neutral Aqueous Medium and a Novel Nitronitrate Ester Product by Concurrent Autoxidation/Nitric Oxide-Release Pathways. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7517-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801364v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Manini
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigia Capelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samantha Reale
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marianna Arzillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Orlando Crescenzi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Liu H, Jia Z, Jia Z, Soodvilai S, Guan G, Wang MH, Dong Z, Symons JD, Yang T. Nitro-oleic acid protects the mouse kidney from ischemia and reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F942-9. [PMID: 18753300 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90236.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroalkene derivatives of linoleic acid (nitrolinoleic acid; LNO2) and nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) are endogenous lipid products with potent anti-inflammatory properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic potential of OA-NO2 in a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. B6129SF2/J mice were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia for 30 min, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Fifty minutes after ischemia, mice received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of OA-NO2 (500 microg/kg; I/R OA-NO2), vehicle for OA-NO2 (i.e., 0.8 ml/kg ethanol; I/R veh), or oleic acid (500 microg/kg; I/R OA) every 6 h during the 24-h recovery period. A sham-operated group was not subjected to ischemia and received 0.8 ml/kg ethanol ip every 6 h during the 24-h recovery period (sham veh). While plasma urea and creatinine were elevated (P<0.05) in I/R veh vs. sham veh mice, the severity was less (P<0.05) in I/R OA-NO2 animals. Indices of histological damage, polymorphonucleocyte infiltration, together with expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, p47(phox), and gp91(phox) were greater in I/R veh vs. sham veh mice, but were attenuated (P<0.05) in I/R OA-NO2 animals. Because indices of renal dysfunction were similar between I/R veh and I/R OA mice (P>0.05), but less (P<0.05) in I/R OA-NO2 animals compared with both groups, protection from bilateral renal ischemia is afforded by the nitrated but not free form of oleic acid. Together, delayed administration of nitrated fatty acid OA-NO2 attenuates renal I/R injury in the mouse likely via inhibition of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Salt Lake Veteran Affairs Medical Center, 30 N 1900 E, Rm. 4R312, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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50
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Ichikawa T, Zhang J, Chen K, Liu Y, Schopfer FJ, Baker PRS, Freeman BA, Chen YE, Cui T. Nitroalkenes suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling in macrophages: a critical role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4086-94. [PMID: 18467446 PMCID: PMC2488206 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitration products of unsaturated fatty acids are formed via NO-dependent oxidative reactions and appear to be a new class of endogenous antiinflammatory mediators. Nitroalkene derivatives of nitrated linoleic acid (LNO(2)) and nitrated oleic acid (OA-NO(2)) alleviate inflammatory responses in macrophages, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully defined. Herein we report that LNO(2) and OA-NO(2) suppress proinflammatory signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling in macrophages. In RAW264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, LNO(2) and OA-NO(2) inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and the STAT1-dependent transcriptional activity, thereby suppressing expression of its target gene such as iNOS and MCP-1. The nitroalkene-mediated inhibition of STAT1 activity was not affected by 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (a NO scavenger), GW9662 (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-specific antagonist) or glutathione (an antioxidant), suggesting an underlying mechanism independent of NO, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, or thio-nitralkylation. In contrast, LNO(2) or OA-NO(2) alone up-regulated both mRNA and protein levels of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) and strongly augmented the LPS-induced MKP-1 protein expression. Knockdown of MKP-1 by MKP-1 small interfering RNA enhanced the LPS-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, suggesting that MKP-1 acts as a negative regulator for LPS-induced STAT signaling. In addition, the nitroalkene-mediated inhibitory effects on STAT1 phosphorylation, iNOS expression, and MCP-1 secretion were also largely attenuated by the MKP-1 small interfering RNA approach. Taken together, our data demonstrate that nitroalkenes inhibit proinflammatory STAT signaling through inducting MKP-1 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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