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McWilliam HEG, Villadangos JA. MR1 antigen presentation to MAIT cells and other MR1-restricted T cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:178-192. [PMID: 37773272 PMCID: PMC11108705 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
MHC antigen presentation plays a fundamental role in adaptive and semi-invariant T cell immunity. Distinct MHC molecules bind antigens that differ in chemical structure, origin and location and present them to specialized T cells. MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1) presents a range of small molecule antigens to MR1-restricted T (MR1T) lymphocytes. The best studied MR1 ligands are derived from microbial metabolism and are recognized by a major class of MR1T cells known as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Here, we describe the MR1 antigen presentation pathway: the known types of antigens presented by MR1, the location where MR1-antigen complexes form, the route followed by the complexes to the cell surface, the mechanisms involved in termination of MR1 antigen presentation and the accessory cellular proteins that comprise the MR1 antigen presentation machinery. The current road map of the MR1 antigen presentation pathway reveals potential strategies for therapeutic manipulation of MR1T cell function and provides a foundation for further studies that will lead to a deeper understanding of MR1-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish E G McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Guay KP, Ke H, Canniff NP, George GT, Eyles SJ, Mariappan M, Contessa JN, Gershenson A, Gierasch LM, Hebert DN. ER chaperones use a protein folding and quality control glyco-code. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4524-4537.e5. [PMID: 38052210 PMCID: PMC10790639 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans act as quality control tags by recruiting lectin chaperones to assist protein maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum. The location and composition of N-glycans (glyco-code) are key to the chaperone-selection process. Serpins, a class of serine protease inhibitors, fold non-sequentially to achieve metastable active states. Here, the role of the glyco-code in assuring successful maturation and quality control of two human serpins, alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) and antithrombin III (ATIII), is described. We find that AAT, which has glycans near its N terminus, is assisted by early lectin chaperone binding. In contrast, ATIII, which has more C-terminal glycans, is initially helped by BiP and then later by lectin chaperones mediated by UGGT reglucosylation. UGGT action is increased for misfolding-prone disease variants, and these clients are preferentially glucosylated on their most C-terminal glycan. Our study illustrates how serpins utilize N-glycan presence, position, and composition to direct their proper folding, quality control, and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Guay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Haiping Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Nathan P Canniff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Gracie T George
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Eyles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Institute for Applied Life Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Malaiyalam Mariappan
- Department of Cell Biology, Nanobiology Institute, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joseph N Contessa
- Departments of Therapeutic Radiology and Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anne Gershenson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lila M Gierasch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Daniel N Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA; Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Darwish AS, Mahmoud SS, Bayaumy FE. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal fabrication of hierarchical-stacked mesoporous decavanadate-intercalated ZnAl nanolayered double hydroxide to exterminate different developmental stages of Trichinella spiralis and Schistosoma mansoniin-vitro. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18110. [PMID: 37483817 PMCID: PMC10362335 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchically stacked mesoporous zinc-aluminium nanolayered-double-hydroxide intercalated with decavanadate (ZnAl-LDH-V10O28) is constructed using anion-exchange process via microwave-hydrothermal treatment. Physicochemical properties of ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 are characterized in detail. Decavanadate anions are intimately interacted with ZnAl-LDH nanosheets, generating highly ordered architecture of well-dimensioned stacking blocks of brucite-like nanolayers (∼8 nm). Such hierarchy improves surface-porosity and electrical-impedivity of ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 with declining its zeta-potential (ζav = 8.8 mV). In-vitro treatment of various developmental-stages of Trichinella spiralis and Schistosoma mansoni by ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 is recognized using parasitological and morphological (SEM/TEM) analyses. ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 exterminates muscle-larvae and adult-worms of Trichinella spiralis, and juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni, yielding near 100% mortality with rates achieving 5%/h within about 17 h of incubation. This parasiticidal behavior results from the symphony of biological activity gathering decavanadate and LDH-nanosheets. Indeed, ZnAl-LDH-V10O28 nanohybrid sample, as a promissory biocide for killing food-borne/waterborne parasites, becomes a futuristic research hotspot for studying its in-vivo bioactivity and impact-effectiveness on parasite molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atef S. Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir S. Mahmoud
- Schistosome Biological Materials Supply Program, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fatma E.A. Bayaumy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Viruses Hijack ERAD to Regulate Their Replication and Propagation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169398. [PMID: 36012666 PMCID: PMC9408921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) is highly conserved in yeast. Recent studies have shown that ERAD is also ubiquitous and highly conserved in eukaryotic cells, where it plays an essential role in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Misfolded or unfolded proteins undergo ERAD. They are recognized in the ER, retrotranslocated into the cytoplasm, and degraded by proteasomes after polyubiquitin. This may consist of several main steps: recognition of ERAD substrates, retrotranslocation, and proteasome degradation. Replication and transmission of the virus in the host is a process of a “game” with the host. It can be assumed that the virus has evolved various mechanisms to use the host’s functions for its replication and transmission, including ERAD. However, until now, it is still unclear how the host uses ERAD to deal with virus infection and how the viruses hijack the function of ERAD to obtain a favorable niche or evade the immune clearance of the host. Recent studies have shown that viruses have also evolved mechanisms to use various processes of ERAD to promote their transmission. This review describes the occurrence of ERAD and how the viruses hijack the function of ERAD to spread by affecting the homeostasis and immune response of the host, and we will focus on the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase.
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De Masi R, Orlando S. GANAB and N-Glycans Substrates Are Relevant in Human Physiology, Polycystic Pathology and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7373. [PMID: 35806376 PMCID: PMC9266668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans are one of the four fundamental macromolecular components of living matter, and they are highly regulated in the cell. Their functions are metabolic, structural and modulatory. In particular, ER resident N-glycans participate with the Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 highly conserved sequence, in protein folding process, where the physiological balance between glycosylation/deglycosylation on the innermost glucose residue takes place, according GANAB/UGGT concentration ratio. However, under abnormal conditions, the cell adapts to the glucose availability by adopting an aerobic or anaerobic regimen of glycolysis, or to external stimuli through internal or external recognition patterns, so it responds to pathogenic noxa with unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR can affect Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and several neurological and metabolic diseases via the BiP stress sensor, resulting in ATF6, PERK and IRE1 activation. Furthermore, the abnormal GANAB expression has been observed in MS, systemic lupus erythematous, male germinal epithelium and predisposed highly replicating cells of the kidney tubules and bile ducts. The latter is the case of Polycystic Liver Disease (PCLD) and Polycystic Kidney Disease (PCKD), where genetically induced GANAB loss affects polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2), resulting in altered protein quality control and cyst formation phenomenon. Our topics resume the role of glycans in cell physiology, highlighting the N-glycans one, as a substrate of GANAB, which is an emerging key molecule in MS and other human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto De Masi
- Complex Operative Unit of Neurology, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy;
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefania Orlando
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, “F. Ferrari” Hospital, Casarano, 73042 Lecce, Italy
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Kuribara T, Totani K. Oligomannose-Type Glycan Processing in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Its Importance in Misfolding Diseases. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020199. [PMID: 35205066 PMCID: PMC8869290 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glycans play many roles in biological processes. For instance, they mediate cell–cell interaction, viral infection, and protein folding of glycoproteins. Glycoprotein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is closely related to the onset of diseases such as misfolding diseases caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. In this review, we focused on oligomannose-type glycan processing in the ER, which has central roles in glycoprotein folding in the ER, and we summarise relationship between oligomannose-type glycan processing and misfolding diseases arising from the disruption of ER homeostasis. Abstract Glycoprotein folding plays a critical role in sorting glycoprotein secretion and degradation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Furthermore, relationships between glycoprotein folding and several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and various neurodegenerative disorders, are indicated. Patients’ cells with type 2 diabetes, and various neurodegenerative disorders induce ER stress, against which the cells utilize the unfolded protein response for protection. However, in some cases, chronic and/or massive ER stress causes critical damage to cells, leading to the onset of ER stress-related diseases, which are categorized into misfolding diseases. Accumulation of misfolded proteins may be a cause of ER stress, in this respect, perturbation of oligomannose-type glycan processing in the ER may occur. A great number of studies indicate the relationships between ER stress and misfolding diseases, while little evidence has been reported on the connection between oligomannose-type glycan processing and misfolding diseases. In this review, we summarize alteration of oligomannose-type glycan processing in several ER stress-related diseases, especially misfolding diseases and show the possibility of these alteration of oligomannose-type glycan processing as indicators of diseases.
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Nitta K, Kuribara T, Totani K. Synthetic trisaccharides reveal discrimination of endo-glycosidic linkages by exo-acting α-1,2-mannosidases in the endoplasmic reticulum. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4137-4145. [PMID: 33876795 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00428j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A tri-antennary Man9GlcNAc2 glycan on the surface of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) glycoproteins functions as a glycoprotein secretion or degradation signal after regioselective cleavage of the terminal α-1,2-mannose residue of each branch. Four α-1,2-mannosidases-ER mannosidase I, ER degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 1 (EDEM1), EDEM2, and EDEM3-are involved in the production of these signal glycans. Although selective production of signal glycans is important in determining the fate of glycoproteins, the branch-discrimination abilities of the α-1,2-mannosidases are not well understood. A structural feature of the Man9GlcNAc2 glycan is that all terminal glycosidic linkages of the three branches are of the α-1,2 type, while the adjacent inner glycosidic linkages are different. In this study, we examined whether the α-1,2-mannosidases showed branch specificity by discriminating between different inner glycosides. Four trisaccharides with different glycosidic linkages [Manα1-2Manα1-2Man (natural A-branch), Manα1-2Manα1-3Man (natural B-branch), Manα1-2Manα1-6Man (natural C-branch), and Manα1-2Manα1-4Man (unnatural D-branch)] were synthesized and used to evaluate the hypothesis. When synthesizing these oligosaccharides, highly stereoselective glycosylation was achieved with a high yield in each case by adding a weak base or tuning the polarity of the mixed solvent. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the synthetic trisaccharides by a mouse liver ER fraction containing the target enzymes showed that the ER α-1,2-mannosidases had clear specificity for the trisaccharides in the order of A-branch > B-branch > C-branch ≈ D-branch. Various competitive experiments have revealed for the first time that α-1,2-mannosidase with inner glycoside specificity is present in the ER. Our findings suggest that exo-acting ER α-1,2-mannosidases can discriminate between endo-glycosidic linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nitta
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.
| | - Taiki Kuribara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.
| | - Kiichiro Totani
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Subproteome Analysis Reveals Underlying Defense Mechanisms of Wheat Seedling Leaves under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094840. [PMID: 34063651 PMCID: PMC8124925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is the second most important abiotic stress factor in the world, which seriously affects crop growth, development and grain production. In this study, we performed the first integrated physiological and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteome analysis of wheat seedling leaves under salt stress using a label-free-based quantitative proteomic approach. Salt stress caused significant decrease in seedling height, root length, relative water content and chlorophyll content of wheat seedling leaves, indicating that wheat seedling growth was significantly inhibited under salt stress. The ER proteome analysis identified 233 ER-localized differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) in response to salt stress, including 202 upregulated and 31 downregulated proteins. The upregulated proteins were mainly involved in the oxidation-reduction process, transmembrane transport, the carboxylic acid metabolic process, stress response, the arbohydrate metabolic process and proteolysis, while the downregulated proteins mainly participated in the metabolic process, biological regulation and the cellular process. In particular, salt stress induced significant upregulation of protein disulfide isomerase-like proteins and heat shock proteins and significant downregulation of ribosomal protein abundance. Further transcript expression analysis revealed that half of the detected DAP genes showed a consistent pattern with their protein levels under salt stress. A putative metabolic pathway of ER subproteome of wheat seedling leaves in response to salt stress was proposed, which reveals the potential roles of wheat ER proteome in salt stress response and defense.
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9
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Modenutti CP, Blanco Capurro JI, Ibba R, Alonzi DS, Song MN, Vasiljević S, Kumar A, Chandran AV, Tax G, Marti L, Hill JC, Lia A, Hensen M, Waksman T, Rushton J, Rubichi S, Santino A, Martí MA, Zitzmann N, Roversi P. Clamping, bending, and twisting inter-domain motions in the misfold-recognizing portion of UDP-glucose: Glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. Structure 2021; 29:357-370.e9. [PMID: 33352114 PMCID: PMC8024514 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) flags misfolded glycoproteins for ER retention. We report crystal structures of full-length Chaetomium thermophilum UGGT (CtUGGT), two CtUGGT double-cysteine mutants, and its TRXL2 domain truncation (CtUGGT-ΔTRXL2). CtUGGT molecular dynamics (MD) simulations capture extended conformations and reveal clamping, bending, and twisting inter-domain movements. We name "Parodi limit" the maximum distance on the same glycoprotein between a site of misfolding and an N-linked glycan that can be reglucosylated by monomeric UGGT in vitro, in response to recognition of misfold at that site. Based on the MD simulations, we estimate the Parodi limit as around 70-80 Å. Frequency distributions of distances between glycoprotein residues and their closest N-linked glycosylation sites in glycoprotein crystal structures suggests relevance of the Parodi limit to UGGT activity in vivo. Our data support a "one-size-fits-all adjustable spanner" UGGT substrate recognition model, with an essential role for the UGGT TRXL2 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Modenutti
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET. Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Blanco Capurro
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET. Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberta Ibba
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Muroni 23A, 07100 Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Dominic S Alonzi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Mauro N Song
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET. Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Snežana Vasiljević
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anu V Chandran
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Gabor Tax
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH,, UK
| | - Lucia Marti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Johan C Hill
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Andrea Lia
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH,, UK; Institute of Sciences of Food Production, C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mario Hensen
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Thomas Waksman
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jonathan Rushton
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Simone Rubichi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Institute of Sciences of Food Production, C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Angelo Santino
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, C.N.R. Unit of Lecce, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Marcelo A Martí
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) CONICET. Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II (CE1428EHA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nicole Zitzmann
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Pietro Roversi
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Henry Wellcome Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH,, UK.
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10
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Kuribara T, Usui R, Totani K. Glycan structure-based perspectives on the entry and release of glycoproteins in the calnexin/calreticulin cycle. Carbohydr Res 2021; 502:108273. [PMID: 33713911 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
N-glycans are attached to newly synthesised polypeptides and are involved in the folding, secretion, and degradation of N-linked glycoproteins. In particular, the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, which is the central mechanism of the entry and release of N-linked glycoproteins depending on the folding sates, has been well studied. In addition to biological studies on the calnexin/calreticulin cycle, several studies have revealed complementary roles of in vitro chemistry-based research in the structure-based understanding of the cycle. In this mini-review, we summarise chemistry-based results and highlight their importance for further understanding of the cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kuribara
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachiMusashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Ruchio Usui
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachiMusashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan
| | - Kiichiro Totani
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijoji-kitamachiMusashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8633, Japan.
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Abstract
Folding of proteins is essential so that they can exert their functions. For proteins that transit the secretory pathway, folding occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and various chaperone systems assist in acquiring their correct folding/subunit formation. N-glycosylation is one of the most conserved posttranslational modification for proteins, and in eukaryotes it occurs in the ER. Consequently, eukaryotic cells have developed various systems that utilize N-glycans to dictate and assist protein folding, or if they consistently fail to fold properly, to destroy proteins for quality control and the maintenance of homeostasis of proteins in the ER.
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12
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Viinikangas T, Khosrowabadi E, Kellokumpu S. N-Glycan Biosynthesis: Basic Principles and Factors Affecting Its Outcome. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:237-257. [PMID: 34687012 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate chains are the most abundant and diverse of nature's biopolymers and represent one of the four fundamental macromolecular building blocks of life together with proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Indicative of their essential roles in cells and in multicellular organisms, genes encoding proteins associated with glycosylation account for approximately 2% of the human genome. It has been estimated that 50-80% of all human proteins carry carbohydrate chains-glycans-as part of their structure. Despite cells utilize only nine different monosaccharides for making their glycans, their order and conformational variation in glycan chains together with chain branching differences and frequent post-synthetic modifications can give rise to an enormous repertoire of different glycan structures of which few thousand is estimated to carry important structural or functional information for a cell. Thus, glycans are immensely versatile encoders of multicellular life. Yet, glycans do not represent a random collection of unpredictable structures but rather, a collection of predetermined but still dynamic entities that are present at defined quantities in each glycosylation site of a given protein in a cell, tissue, or organism.In this chapter, we will give an overview of what is currently known about N-glycan synthesis in higher eukaryotes, focusing not only on the processes themselves but also on factors that will affect or can affect the final outcome-the dynamicity and heterogeneity of the N-glycome. We hope that this review will help understand the molecular details underneath this diversity, and in addition, be helpful for those who plan to produce optimally glycosylated antibody-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Viinikangas
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elham Khosrowabadi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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13
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Parcerisa IL, Rosano GL, Ceccarelli EA. Biochemical characterization of ClpB3, a chloroplastic disaggregase from Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:451-465. [PMID: 32803477 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first biochemical characterization of a chloroplastic disaggregase is reported (Arabidopsis thaliana ClpB3). ClpB3 oligomerizes into active hexamers that resolubilize aggregated substrates using ATP and without the aid of partners. Disaggregases from the Hsp100/Clp family are a type of molecular chaperones involved in disassembling protein aggregates. Plant cells are uniquely endowed with ClpB proteins in the cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplasts. Chloroplastic ClpB proteins have been implicated in key processes like the unfolded protein response; however, they have not been studied in detail. In this study, we explored the biochemical properties of a chloroplastic ClpB disaggregase, in particular, ClpB3 from A. thaliana. ClpB3 was produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli and affinity-purified to near homogeneity. ClpB3 forms a hexameric complex in the presence of MgATP and displays intrinsic ATPase activity. We demonstrate that ClpB3 has ATPase activity in a wide range of pH and temperature values and is particularly resistant to heat. ClpB3 specifically targets unstructured polypeptides and mediates the reactivation of heat-denatured model substrates without the aid of the Hsp70 system. Overall, this work represents the first in-depth biochemical description of a ClpB protein from plants and strongly supports its role as the putative disaggregase chaperone in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana L Parcerisa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Germán L Rosano
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
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14
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Buzzi L, Segobia VA, Rayes D, Castro OA. The ER glycoprotein folding sensor UDP-Glc: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase is broadly expressed in C. elegans hermaphrodite. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2020; 2020:10.17912/micropub.biology.000299. [PMID: 32885150 PMCID: PMC7456565 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Buzzi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Ayelen Segobia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Rayes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (CONICET),
Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Olga A Castro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ,
Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología traslacional, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
Correspondence to: Olga A Castro ()
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15
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Kuribara T, Imagawa A, Hirano M, Ito Y, Totani K. Metabolic syndrome perturbs deglucosylation and reglucosylation in the glycoprotein folding cycle. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1759-1769. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kuribara
- Department of Materials and Life Science Seikei University Musashino Japan
| | - Ayami Imagawa
- Department of Materials and Life Science Seikei University Musashino Japan
| | - Makoto Hirano
- Department of Pharmacy Yasuda Women’s University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory RIKEN Wako Japan
| | - Kiichiro Totani
- Department of Materials and Life Science Seikei University Musashino Japan
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16
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Origin and Evolution of Two Independently Duplicated Genes Encoding UDP- Glucose: Glycoprotein Glucosyltransferases in Caenorhabditis and Vertebrates. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:755-768. [PMID: 31796523 PMCID: PMC7003075 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UDP- glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) is a protein that operates as the gatekeeper for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control mechanism of glycoprotein folding. It is known that vertebrates and Caenorhabditis genomes harbor two uggt gene copies that exhibit differences in their properties. Bayesian phylogenetic inference based on 195 UGGT and UGGT-like protein sequences of an ample spectrum of eukaryotic species showed that uggt genes went through independent duplications in Caenorhabditis and vertebrates. In both lineages, the catalytic domain of the duplicated genes was subjected to a strong purifying selective pressure, while the recognition domain was subjected to episodic positive diversifying selection. Selective relaxation in the recognition domain was more pronounced in Caenorhabditis uggt-b than in vertebrates uggt-2. Structural bioinformatics analysis revealed that Caenorhabditis UGGT-b protein lacks essential sequences proposed to be involved in the recognition of unfolded proteins. When we assayed glucosyltrasferase activity of a chimeric protein composed by Caenorhabditis uggt-b recognition domain fused to S. pombe catalytic domain expressed in yeast, no activity was detected. The present results support the conservation of the UGGT activity in the catalytic domain and a putative divergent function of the recognition domain for the UGGT2 protein in vertebrates, which would have gone through a specialization process. In Caenorhabditis, uggt-b evolved under different constraints compared to uggt-a which, by means of a putative neofunctionalization process, resulted in a non-redundant paralog. The non-canonical function of uggt-b in the worm lineage highlights the need to take precautions before generalizing gene functions in model organisms.
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17
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Abstract
In consistent with other membrane-bound and secretory proteins, immune checkpoint proteins go through a set of modifications in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to acquire their native functional structures before they function at their destinations. There are various ER-resident chaperones and enzymes synergistically regulate and catalyze the glycosylation, folding and transporting of proteins. The whole processing is under the surveillance of ER quality control system which allows the correctly folded proteins to exit from the ER with the help of coat proteinII(COPII) coated vesicles, while retains the rest of terminally misfolded ones in the ER and then eliminates them via ER-associated degradation (ERAD) or ER-to-lysosomes-associated degradation (ERLAD). The dysfunction of the ER causes ER stress which triggers unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore ER proteostasis. Unsolvable prolonged ER stress ultimately results in cell death. This chapter reviews the process that proteins undergo in the ER, and the glycosylation, folding and degradation of immune checkpoint proteins as well as the associated potential immunotherapies to date.
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18
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Marinko J, Huang H, Penn WD, Capra JA, Schlebach JP, Sanders CR. Folding and Misfolding of Human Membrane Proteins in Health and Disease: From Single Molecules to Cellular Proteostasis. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5537-5606. [PMID: 30608666 PMCID: PMC6506414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances over the past 25 years have revealed much about how the structural properties of membranes and associated proteins are linked to the thermodynamics and kinetics of membrane protein (MP) folding. At the same time biochemical progress has outlined how cellular proteostasis networks mediate MP folding and manage misfolding in the cell. When combined with results from genomic sequencing, these studies have established paradigms for how MP folding and misfolding are linked to the molecular etiologies of a variety of diseases. This emerging framework has paved the way for the development of a new class of small molecule "pharmacological chaperones" that bind to and stabilize misfolded MP variants, some of which are now in clinical use. In this review, we comprehensively outline current perspectives on the folding and misfolding of integral MPs as well as the mechanisms of cellular MP quality control. Based on these perspectives, we highlight new opportunities for innovations that bridge our molecular understanding of the energetics of MP folding with the nuanced complexity of biological systems. Given the many linkages between MP misfolding and human disease, we also examine some of the exciting opportunities to leverage these advances to address emerging challenges in the development of therapeutics and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin
T. Marinko
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Center
for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Hui Huang
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Center
for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
| | - Wesley D. Penn
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - John A. Capra
- Center
for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37245, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Schlebach
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Charles R. Sanders
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, United States
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19
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Kiuchi T, Izumi M, Mukogawa Y, Shimada A, Okamoto R, Seko A, Sakono M, Takeda Y, Ito Y, Kajihara Y. Monitoring of Glycoprotein Quality Control System with a Series of Chemically Synthesized Homogeneous Native and Misfolded Glycoproteins. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17499-17507. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuto Kiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuki Mukogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Arisa Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Seko
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sakono
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- ERATO Ito Glycotrilogy Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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20
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Gallo GL, Valko A, Aramburu SI, Etchegaray E, Völker C, Parodi AJ, D'Alessio C. Abrogation of glucosidase I-mediated glycoprotein deglucosylation results in a sick phenotype in fission yeasts: Model for the human MOGS-CDG disorder. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19957-19973. [PMID: 30389790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosidase I (GI) removes the outermost glucose from protein-linked Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 (G3M9) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Individuals with congenital disorders of glycosylation MOGS-CDG bear mutations in the GI-encoding gene (gls1). Although GI absence has been reported to produce lethality in Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeasts, here we obtained two viable Δgls1 mutants, one with a very sick but not lethal phenotype (Δgls1-S) and the other with a healthier one (Δgls1-H). The sick strain displayed only G3M9 as an ER protein-linked oligosaccharide, whereas the healthier strain had both G3M9 and Man9GlcNAc2 The lipid-linked oligosaccharide patterns of the two strains revealed that the most abundantly formed glycans were G3M9 in Δgls1-S and Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 in Δgls1-H, suggesting reduced Alg10p glucosyltransferase activity in the Δgls1-H strain. A mutation in the alg10 + gene was indeed observed in this strain. Our results indicated that abrogated G3M9 deglucosylation was responsible for the severe defects observed in Δgls1-S cells. Further studies disclosed that the defects could not be ascribed to disruption of glycoprotein entrance into calnexin-folding cycles, inhibition of the oligosaccharyltransferase by transfer reaction products, or reduced proteasomal degradation of misfolded glycoproteins. Lack of triglucosylated glycoprotein deglucosylation neither significantly prevented glycan elongation in the Golgi nor modified the overall cell wall monosaccharide composition. Nevertheless, it resulted in a distorted cell wall and in the absence of underlying ER membranes. Furthermore, Golgi expression of human endomannosidase partially restored normal growth in Δgls1-S cells. We propose that accumulation of G3M9-bearing glycoproteins is toxic and at least partially responsible for defects observed in MOGS-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna L Gallo
- From the Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentine
| | - Ayelén Valko
- From the Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentine
| | - Sofía I Aramburu
- From the Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentine
| | - Emiliana Etchegaray
- From the Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentine
| | - Christof Völker
- the Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany, and
| | - Armando J Parodi
- From the Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentine
| | - Cecilia D'Alessio
- From the Fundación Instituto Leloir-IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentine,; the Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentine.
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21
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Exploring the pH-Induced Functional Phase Space of Human Serum Albumin by EPR Spectroscopy. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry4040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study on the self-assembled solution system of human serum albumin (HSA) and paramagnetic doxyl stearic acid (5-DSA and 16-DSA) ligands is reported covering the broad pH range 0.7–12.9, mainly using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods. It is tested to which extent the pH-induced conformational isomers of HSA reveal themselves in continuous wave (CW) EPR spectra from this spin probing approach in comparison to an established spin-labeling strategy utilizing 3-maleimido proxyl (5-MSL). Most analyses are conducted on empirical levels with robust strategies that allow for the detection of dynamic changes of ligand, as well as protein. Special emphasis has been placed on the EPR spectroscopic detection of a molten globule (MG) state of HSA that is typically found by the fluorescent probe 8-Anilino- naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS). Moreover, four-pulse double electron-electron resonance (DEER) experiments are conducted and substantiated with dynamic light scattering (DLS) data to determine changes in the solution shape of HSA with pH. All results are ultimately combined in a detailed scheme that describes the pH-induced functional phase space of HSA.
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22
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Satoh T, Kato K. Structural Aspects of ER Glycoprotein Quality-Control System Mediated by Glucose Tagging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1104:149-169. [PMID: 30484248 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2158-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N-linked oligosaccharides attached to proteins act as tags for glycoprotein quality control, ensuring their appropriate folding and trafficking in cells. Interactions with a variety of intracellular lectins determine glycoprotein fates. Monoglucosylated glycoforms are the hallmarks of incompletely folded glycoproteins in the protein quality-control system, in which glucosidase II and UDP-glucose/glycoprotein glucosyltransferase are, respectively, responsible for glucose trimming and attachment. In this review, we summarize a recently emerging view of the structural basis of the functional mechanisms of these key enzymes as well as substrate N-linked oligosaccharides exhibiting flexible structures, as revealed by applying a series of biophysical techniques including small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray crystallography, high-speed atomic force microscopy , electron microscopy , and computational simulation in conjunction with NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Satoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. .,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
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23
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de Oliveira GA, Silva JL. The push-and-pull hypothesis in protein unfolding, misfolding and aggregation. Biophys Chem 2017; 231:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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24
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Satoh T, Song C, Zhu T, Toshimori T, Murata K, Hayashi Y, Kamikubo H, Uchihashi T, Kato K. Visualisation of a flexible modular structure of the ER folding-sensor enzyme UGGT. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12142. [PMID: 28939828 PMCID: PMC5610325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a protein quality control system facilitates the efficient folding of newly synthesised proteins. In this system, a series of N-linked glycan intermediates displayed on the protein surface serve as quality tags. The ER folding-sensor enzyme UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) acts as a gatekeeper in the ER quality control system by specifically catalysing monoglucosylation onto incompletely folded glycoproteins, thereby enabling them to interact with lectin-chaperone complexes. Here we characterise the dynamic structure of this enzyme. Our crystallographic data demonstrate that the sensor region is composed of four thioredoxin-like domains followed by a β-rich domain, which are arranged into a C-shaped structure with a large central cavity, while the C-terminal catalytic domain undergoes a ligand-dependent conformational alteration. Furthermore, small-angle X-ray scattering, cryo-electron microscopy and high-speed atomic force microscopy have demonstrated that UGGT has a flexible modular structure in which the smaller catalytic domain is tethered to the larger folding-sensor region with variable spatial arrangements. These findings provide structural insights into the working mechanism whereby UGGT operates as a folding-sensor against a variety of glycoprotein substrates through its flexible modular structure possessing extended hydrophobic surfaces for the recognition of unfolded substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Satoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
- JST, PRESTO, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Chihong Song
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Tong Zhu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- School of Physical Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takayasu Toshimori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yugo Hayashi
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hironari Kamikubo
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- School of Physical Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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25
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Izumi M, Kuruma R, Okamoto R, Seko A, Ito Y, Kajihara Y. Substrate Recognition of Glycoprotein Folding Sensor UGGT Analyzed by Site-Specifically 15N-Labeled Glycopeptide and Small Glycopeptide Library Prepared by Parallel Native Chemical Ligation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11421-11426. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Izumi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Rie Kuruma
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Seko
- ERATO
Ito glycotrilogy project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- ERATO
Ito glycotrilogy project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Synthetic
Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1
Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- ERATO
Ito glycotrilogy project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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26
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Neerincx A, Hermann C, Antrobus R, van Hateren A, Cao H, Trautwein N, Stevanović S, Elliott T, Deane JE, Boyle LH. TAPBPR bridges UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 onto MHC class I to provide quality control in the antigen presentation pathway. eLife 2017; 6:e23049. [PMID: 28425917 PMCID: PMC5441866 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we revealed that TAPBPR is a peptide exchange catalyst that is important for optimal peptide selection by MHC class I molecules. Here, we asked whether any other co-factors associate with TAPBPR, which would explain its effect on peptide selection. We identify an interaction between TAPBPR and UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGT1), a folding sensor in the calnexin/calreticulin quality control cycle that is known to regenerate the Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 moiety on glycoproteins. Our results suggest the formation of a multimeric complex, dependent on a conserved cysteine at position 94 in TAPBPR, in which TAPBPR promotes the association of UGT1 with peptide-receptive MHC class I molecules. We reveal that the interaction between TAPBPR and UGT1 facilities the reglucosylation of the glycan on MHC class I molecules, promoting their recognition by calreticulin. Our results suggest that in addition to being a peptide editor, TAPBPR improves peptide optimisation by promoting peptide-receptive MHC class I molecules to associate with the peptide-loading complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Neerincx
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens Hermann
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andy van Hateren
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Huan Cao
- Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Trautwein
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E Deane
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Louise H Boyle
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Totani K, Yamaya K, Hirano M, Ito Y. Influence of aglycone structures on N -glycan processing reactions in the endoplasmic reticulum. Carbohydr Res 2017; 439:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Izumi M, Komaki S, Okamoto R, Seko A, Takeda Y, Ito Y, Kajihara Y. Synthesis of misfolded glycoprotein dimers through native chemical ligation of a dimeric peptide thioester. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6088-94. [PMID: 27248046 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00928j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein quality control processes are very important for an efficient production of glycoproteins and for avoiding the accumulation of unwanted toxic species in cells. These complex processes consist of multiple enzymes and chaperones such as UGGT, calnexin/calreticulin, and glucosidase II. We designed and synthesized monomeric and dimeric misfolded glycoprotein probes. Synthetic homogeneous monomeric glycoproteins proved to be useful substrates for kinetic analyses of the folding sensor enzyme UGGT. For a concise synthesis of a bismaleimide-linked dimer, we examined double native chemical ligation (dNCL) of a dimeric peptide-α-thioester. The dNCL to two equivalents of glycopeptides gave a homodimer. The dNCL to a 1 : 1 mixture of a glycopeptide and a non-glycosylated peptide gave all the three possible ligation products consisting of two homodimers and a heterodimer. Both the homodimer bearing two Man9GlcNAc2 (M9) oligosaccharides and the heterodimer bearing one M9 oligosaccharide were found to be good substrates of UGGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Univeristy, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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Fragkostefanakis S, Mesihovic A, Hu Y, Schleiff E. Unfolded protein response in pollen development and heat stress tolerance. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:81-91. [PMID: 27022919 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-016-0276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Importance of the UPR for pollen. Pollen is particularly sensitive to environmental conditions that disturb protein homeostasis, such as higher temperatures. Their survival is dependent on subcellular stress response systems, one of which maintains protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Disturbance of ER proteostasis due to stress leads to the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that mitigates stress damage mainly by increasing ER-folding capacity and reducing folding demands. The UPR is controlled by ER membrane-associated transcription factors and an RNA splicing factor. They are important components of abiotic stress responses including general heat stress response and thermotolerance. In addition to responding to environmental stresses, the UPR is implicated in developmental processes required for successful male gametophyte development and fertilization. Consequently, defects in the UPR can lead to pollen abortion and male sterility. Several UPR components are involved in the elaboration of the ER network, which is required for pollen germination and polar tube growth. Transcriptome and proteome analyses have shown that components of the ER-folding machinery and the UPR are upregulated at specific stages of pollen development supporting elevated demands for secretion. Furthermore, genetic studies have revealed that knockout mutants of UPR genes are defective in producing viable or competitive pollen. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the importance of the UPR for both pollen development and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Fragkostefanakis
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Anida Mesihovic
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yangjie Hu
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Enrico Schleiff
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Cell Biology of Plants, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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30
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Izumi M, Oka Y, Okamoto R, Seko A, Takeda Y, Ito Y, Kajihara Y. Synthesis of Glc1
Man9
-Glycoprotein Probes by a Misfolding/Enzymatic Glucosylation/Misfolding Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yukiho Oka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Akira Seko
- ERATO Ito glycotrilogy project Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- ERATO Ito glycotrilogy project Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- ERATO Ito glycotrilogy project Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory; RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Osaka University; 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
- ERATO Ito glycotrilogy project Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
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Izumi M, Oka Y, Okamoto R, Seko A, Takeda Y, Ito Y, Kajihara Y. Synthesis of Glc1Man9-Glycoprotein Probes by a Misfolding/Enzymatic Glucosylation/Misfolding Sequence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3968-71. [PMID: 26890995 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycoproteins in non-native conformations are often toxic to cells and may cause diseases, thus the quality control (QC) system eliminates these unwanted species. Lectin chaperone calreticulin and glucosidase II, both of which recognize the Glc1 Man9 oligosaccharide on glycoproteins, are important components of the glycoprotein QC system. Reported herein is the preparation of Glc1 Man9 -glycoproteins in both native and non-native conformations by using the following sequence: misfolding of chemically synthesized Man9 -glycoprotein, enzymatic glucosylation, and another misfolding step. By using synthetic glycoprotein probes, calreticulin was found to bind preferentially to a hydrophobic non-native glycoprotein whereas glucosidase II activity was not affected by glycoprotein conformation. The results demonstrate the ability of chemical synthesis to deliver homogeneous glycoproteins in several non-native conformations for probing the glycoprotein QC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Izumi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yukiho Oka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Seko
- ERATO Ito glycotrilogy project Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- ERATO Ito glycotrilogy project Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- ERATO Ito glycotrilogy project Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan. .,ERATO Ito glycotrilogy project Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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32
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Structural basis for two-step glucose trimming by glucosidase II involved in ER glycoprotein quality control. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20575. [PMID: 26847925 PMCID: PMC4742823 DOI: 10.1038/srep20575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has a sophisticated protein quality control system for the efficient folding of newly synthesized proteins. In this system, a variety of N-linked oligosaccharides displayed on proteins serve as signals recognized by series of intracellular lectins. Glucosidase II catalyzes two-step hydrolysis at α1,3-linked glucose–glucose and glucose–mannose residues of high-mannose-type glycans to generate a quality control protein tag that is transiently expressed on glycoproteins and recognized by ER chaperones. Here we determined the crystal structures of the catalytic α subunit of glucosidase II (GIIα) complexed with two different glucosyl ligands containing the scissile bonds of first- and second-step reactions. Our structural data revealed that the nonreducing terminal disaccharide moieties of the two kinds of substrates can be accommodated in a gourd-shaped bilocular pocket, thereby providing a structural basis for substrate-binding specificity in the two-step deglucosylation catalyzed by this enzyme.
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Abstract
Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a vertebrate secretory protein synthesized in the thyrocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it acquires N-linked glycosylation and conformational maturation (including formation of many disulfide bonds), leading to homodimerization. Its primary functions include iodide storage and thyroid hormonogenesis. Tg consists largely of repeating domains, and many tyrosyl residues in these domains become iodinated to form monoiodo- and diiodotyrosine, whereas only a small portion of Tg structure is dedicated to hormone formation. Interestingly, evolutionary ancestors, dependent upon thyroid hormone for development, synthesize thyroid hormones without the complete Tg protein architecture. Nevertheless, in all vertebrates, Tg follows a strict pattern of region I, II-III, and the cholinesterase-like (ChEL) domain. In vertebrates, Tg first undergoes intracellular transport through the secretory pathway, which requires the assistance of thyrocyte ER chaperones and oxidoreductases, as well as coordination of distinct regions of Tg, to achieve a native conformation. Curiously, regions II-III and ChEL behave as fully independent folding units that could function as successful secretory proteins by themselves. However, the large Tg region I (bearing the primary T4-forming site) is incompetent by itself for intracellular transport, requiring the downstream regions II-III and ChEL to complete its folding. A combination of nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations, splice site mutations, and missense mutations in Tg occurs spontaneously to cause congenital hypothyroidism and thyroidal ER stress. These Tg mutants are unable to achieve a native conformation within the ER, interfering with the efficiency of Tg maturation and export to the thyroid follicle lumen for iodide storage and hormonogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Di Jeso
- Laboratorio di Patologia Generale (B.D.J.), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (P.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | - Peter Arvan
- Laboratorio di Patologia Generale (B.D.J.), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes (P.A.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
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Shao S, Hegde RS. Target Selection during Protein Quality Control. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 41:124-137. [PMID: 26628391 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein quality control (QC) pathways survey the cellular proteome to selectively recognize and degrade faulty proteins whose accumulation can lead to various diseases. Recognition of the occasional aberrant protein among an abundant sea of similar normal counterparts poses a considerable challenge to the cell. Solving this problem requires protein QC machinery to assay multiple molecular criteria within a spatial and temporal context. Although each QC pathway has unique criteria and mechanisms for distinguishing right from wrong, they appear to share several general concepts. We discuss principles of high-fidelity target recognition, the decisive event of all protein QC pathways, to guide future work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sichen Shao
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Ramanujan S Hegde
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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35
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D'Alessio C, Dahms NM. Glucosidase II and MRH-domain containing proteins in the secretory pathway. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 16:31-48. [PMID: 25692846 DOI: 10.2174/1389203716666150213160438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
N-glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of the transfer of a preassembled glycan conserved among species (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) from a lipid donor to a consensus sequence within a nascent protein that is entering the ER. The protein-linked glycans are then processed by glycosidases and glycosyltransferases in the ER producing specific structures that serve as signalling molecules for the fate of the folding glycoprotein: to stay in the ER during the folding process, to be retrotranslocated to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation if irreversibly misfolded, or to pursue transit through the secretory pathway as a mature glycoprotein. In the ER, each glycan signalling structure is recognized by a specific lectin. A domain similar to that of the mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) has been identified in several proteins of the secretory pathway. These include the beta subunit of glucosidase II (GII), a key enzyme in the early processing of the transferred glycan that removes middle and innermost glucoses and is involved in quality control of glycoprotein folding in the ER (QC), the lectins OS-9 and XTP3-B, proteins involved in the delivery of ER misfolded proteins to degradation (ERAD), the gamma subunit of the Golgi GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, an enzyme involved in generating the mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) signal for sorting acidic hydrolases to lysosomes, and finally the MPRs that deliver those hydrolytic enzymes to the lysosome. Each of the MRH-containing proteins recognizes a different signalling N-glycan structure. Three-dimensional structures of some of the MRH domains have been solved, providing the basis to understand recognition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy M Dahms
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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36
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Ohara K, Takeda Y, Daikoku S, Hachisu M, Seko A, Ito Y. Profiling Aglycon-Recognizing Sites of UDP-glucose:glycoprotein Glucosyltransferase by Means of Squarate-Mediated Labeling. Biochemistry 2015. [PMID: 26196150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Because of its ability to selectively glucosylate misfolded glycoproteins, UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) functions as a folding sensor in the glycoprotein quality control system in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The unique property of UGGT derives from its ability to transfer a glucose residue to N-glycan moieties of incompletely folded glycoproteins. We have previously discovered nonproteinic synthetic substrates of this enzyme, allowing us to conduct its high-sensitivity assay in a quantitative manner. In this study, we aimed to conduct site-selective affinity labeling of UGGT using a functionalized oligosaccharide probe to identify domain(s) responsible for recognition of the aglycon moiety of substrates. To this end, a probe 1 was designed to selectively label nucleophilic amino acid residues in the proximity of the canonical aglycon-recognizing site of human UGGT1 (HUGT1) via squaramide formation. As expected, probe 1 was able to label HUGT1 in the presence of UDP. Analysis by nano-LC-ESI/MS(n) identified a unique lysine residue (K1424) that was modified by 1. Kyte-Doolittle analysis as well as homology modeling revealed a cluster of hydrophobic amino acids that may be functional in the folding sensing mechanism of HUGT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Ohara
- †Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoichi Takeda
- †Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shusaku Daikoku
- †Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hachisu
- †Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akira Seko
- †Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- †Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,‡RIKEN, Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Caramelo JJ, Parodi AJ. A sweet code for glycoprotein folding. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3379-87. [PMID: 26226420 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein synthesis is initiated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen upon transfer of a glycan (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) from a lipid derivative to Asn residues (N-glycosylation). N-Glycan-dependent quality control of glycoprotein folding in the ER prevents exit to Golgi of folding intermediates, irreparably misfolded glycoproteins and incompletely assembled multimeric complexes. It also enhances folding efficiency by preventing aggregation and facilitating formation of proper disulfide bonds. The control mechanism essentially involves four components, resident lectin-chaperones (calnexin and calreticulin) that recognize monoglucosylated polymannose protein-linked glycans, lectin-associated oxidoreductase acting on monoglucosylated glycoproteins (ERp57), a glucosyltransferase that creates monoglucosylated epitopes in protein-linked glycans (UGGT) and a glucosidase (GII) that removes the glucose units added by UGGT. This last enzyme is the only mechanism component sensing glycoprotein conformations as it creates monoglucosylated glycans exclusively in not properly folded glycoproteins or in not completely assembled multimeric glycoprotein complexes. Glycoproteins that fail to properly fold are eventually driven to proteasomal degradation in the cytosol following the ER-associated degradation pathway, in which the extent of N-glycan demannosylation by ER mannosidases play a relevant role in the identification of irreparably misfolded glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio J Caramelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Avda. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
| | - Armando J Parodi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Avda. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
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38
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Blanco-Herrera F, Moreno AA, Tapia R, Reyes F, Araya M, D'Alessio C, Parodi A, Orellana A. The UDP-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT), a key enzyme in ER quality control, plays a significant role in plant growth as well as biotic and abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:127. [PMID: 26017403 PMCID: PMC4465474 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UDP-glucose: glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) is a key player in the quality control mechanism (ER-QC) that newly synthesized glycoproteins undergo in the ER. It has been shown that the UGGT Arabidopsis orthologue is involved in ER-QC; however, its role in plant physiology remains unclear. RESULTS Here, we show that two mutant alleles in the At1g71220 locus have none or reduced UGGT activity. In wild type plants, the AtUGGT transcript levels increased upon activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Interestingly, mutants in AtUGGT exhibited an endogenous up-regulation of genes that are UPR targets. In addition, mutants in AtUGGT showed a 30% reduction in the incorporation of UDP-Glucose into the ER suggesting that this enzyme drives the uptake of this substrate for the CNX/CRT cycle. Plants deficient in UGGT exhibited a delayed growth rate of the primary root and rosette as well as an alteration in the number of leaves. These mutants are more sensitive to pathogen attack as well as heat, salt, and UPR-inducing stressors. Additionally, the plants showed impairment in the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). CONCLUSIONS These results show that a lack of UGGT activity alters plant vegetative development and impairs the response to several abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, our results uncover an unexpected role of UGGT in the incorporation of UDP-Glucose into the ER lumen in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Blanco-Herrera
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, 837-0146, RM, Chile.
| | - Adrián A Moreno
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, 837-0146, RM, Chile.
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, RM, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Tapia
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, 837-0146, RM, Chile.
| | - Francisca Reyes
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, 837-0146, RM, Chile.
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, RM, Chile.
| | - Macarena Araya
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, 837-0146, RM, Chile.
| | - Cecilia D'Alessio
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Armando Parodi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, 837-0146, RM, Chile.
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Santiago, RM, Chile.
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39
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Słomińska-Wojewódzka M, Sandvig K. The Role of Lectin-Carbohydrate Interactions in the Regulation of ER-Associated Protein Degradation. Molecules 2015; 20:9816-46. [PMID: 26023941 PMCID: PMC6272441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins entering the secretory pathway are translocated across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane in an unfolded form. In the ER they are restricted to a quality control system that ensures correct folding or eventual degradation of improperly folded polypeptides. Mannose trimming of N-glycans on newly synthesized proteins plays an important role in the recognition and sorting of terminally misfolded glycoproteins for ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). In this process misfolded proteins are retrotranslocated into the cytosol, polyubiquitinated, and eventually degraded by the proteasome. The mechanism by which misfolded glycoproteins are recognized and recruited to the degradation machinery has been extensively studied during last decade. In this review, we focus on ER degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein (EDEM) family proteins that seem to play a key role in the discrimination between proteins undergoing a folding process and terminally misfolded proteins directed for degradation. We describe interactions of EDEM proteins with other components of the ERAD machinery, as well as with various protein substrates. Carbohydrate-dependent interactions together with N-glycan-independent interactions seem to regulate the complex process of protein recognition and direction for proteosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Sandvig
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Tannous A, Pisoni GB, Hebert DN, Molinari M. N-linked sugar-regulated protein folding and quality control in the ER. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 41:79-89. [PMID: 25534658 PMCID: PMC4474783 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine-linked glycans (N-glycans) are displayed on the majority of proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Removal of the outermost glucose residue recruits the lectin chaperone malectin possibly involved in a first triage of defective polypeptides. Removal of a second glucose promotes engagement of folding and quality control machineries built around the ER lectin chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) and including oxidoreductases and peptidyl-prolyl isomerases. Deprivation of the last glucose residue dictates the release of N-glycosylated polypeptides from the lectin chaperones. Correctly folded proteins are authorized to leave the ER. Non-native polypeptides are recognized by the ER quality control key player UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGT1), re-glucosylated and re-addressed to the CNX/CRT chaperone binding cycle to provide additional opportunity for the protein to fold in the ER. Failure to attain the native structure determines the selection of the misfolded polypeptides for proteasome-mediated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Tannous
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Daniel N Hebert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Maurizio Molinari
- Università della Svizzera italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Protein Folding and Quality Control, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, School of Life Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Functional analysis of endoplasmic reticulum glucosyltransferase (UGGT): Synthetic chemistry's initiative in glycobiology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 41:90-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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42
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Izumi M, Dedola S, Ito Y, Kajihara Y. Chemical Synthesis of Homogeneous Glycoproteins for the Study of Glycoprotein Quality Control System. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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Emerging structural insights into glycoprotein quality control coupled with N-glycan processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Molecules 2015; 20:2475-91. [PMID: 25647580 PMCID: PMC6272264 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the sugar chain is initially introduced onto newly synthesized proteins as a triantennary tetradecasaccharide (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2). The attached oligosaccharide chain is subjected to stepwise trimming by the actions of specific glucosidases and mannosidases. In these processes, the transiently expressed N-glycans, as processing intermediates, function as signals for the determination of glycoprotein fates, i.e., folding, transport, or degradation through interactions of a series of intracellular lectins. The monoglucosylated glycoforms are hallmarks of incompletely folded states of glycoproteins in this system, whereas the outer mannose trimming leads to ER-associated glycoprotein degradation. This review outlines the recently emerging evidence regarding the molecular and structural basis of this glycoprotein quality control system, which is regulated through dynamic interplay among intracellular lectins, glycosidases, and glycosyltransferase. Structural snapshots of carbohydrate-lectin interactions have been provided at the atomic level using X-ray crystallographic analyses. Conformational ensembles of uncomplexed triantennary high-mannose-type oligosaccharides have been characterized in a quantitative manner using molecular dynamics simulation in conjunction with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These complementary views provide new insights into glycoprotein recognition in quality control coupled with N-glycan processing.
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Structural insight into substrate recognition by the endoplasmic reticulum folding-sensor enzyme: crystal structure of third thioredoxin-like domain of UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7322. [PMID: 25471383 PMCID: PMC4255179 DOI: 10.1038/srep07322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) possesses a protein quality control system that supports the efficient folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins. In this system, a series of N-linked glycan intermediates displayed on proteins serve as quality tags. The ER folding-sensor enzyme UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) operates as the gatekeeper for ER quality control by specifically transferring monoglucose residues to incompletely folded glycoproteins, thereby allowing them to interact with lectin chaperone complexes to facilitate their folding. Despite its functional importance, no structural information is available for this key enzyme to date. To elucidate the folding-sensor mechanism in the ER, we performed a structural study of UGGT. Based on bioinformatics analyses, the folding-sensor region of UGGT was predicted to harbour three tandem thioredoxin (Trx)-like domains, which are often found in proteins involved in ER quality control. Furthermore, we determined the three-dimensional structure of the third Trx-like domain, which exhibits an extensive hydrophobic patch concealed by its flexible C-terminal helix. Our structural data suggest that this hydrophobic patch is involved in intermolecular interactions, thereby contributing to the folding-sensor mechanism of UGGT.
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Glycopeptide probes for understanding peptide specificity of the folding sensor enzyme UGGT. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5563-5567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tannous A, Patel N, Tamura T, Hebert DN. Reglucosylation by UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 delays glycoprotein secretion but not degradation. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:390-405. [PMID: 25428988 PMCID: PMC4310732 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-08-1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1 (UGT1) is a central quality control gatekeeper in the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The reglucosylation of glycoproteins supports their rebinding to the carbohydrate-binding ER molecular chaperones calnexin and calreticulin. A cell-based reglucosylation assay was used to investigate the role of UGT1 in ER protein surveillance or the quality control process. UGT1 was found to modify wild-type proteins or proteins that are expected to eventually traffic out of the ER through the secretory pathway. Trapping of reglucosylated wild-type substrates in their monoglucosylated state delayed their secretion. Whereas terminally misfolded substrates or off-pathway proteins were most efficiently reglucosylated by UGT1, the trapping of these mutant substrates in their reglucosylated or monoglucosylated state did not delay their degradation by the ER-associated degradation pathway. This indicated that monoglucosylated mutant proteins were actively extracted from the calnexin/calreticulin binding-reglucosylation cycle for degradation. Therefore trapping proteins in their monoglucosylated state was sufficient to delay their exit to the Golgi but had no effect on their rate of degradation, suggesting that the degradation selection process progressed in a dominant manner that was independent of reglucosylation and the glucose-containing A-branch on the substrate glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Tannous
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Nishant Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Taku Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Daniel N Hebert
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
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Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to Golgi trafficking is an essential step in sorting mature, correctly folded, processed and assembled proteins (cargo) from immature proteins and ER-resident proteins. However, the mechanisms governing trafficking selectivity, specificity and regulation are not yet fully understood. To date, three complementary mechanisms have been described that enable regulation of this trafficking step: ER retention of immature proteins in the ER; selective uptake of fully mature proteins into Golgi-bound vesicles; and retrieval from the Golgi of immature cargo that has erroneously exited the ER. Together, these three mechanisms allow incredible specificity and enable the cell to carry out protein quality control and regulate protein processing, oligomerization and expression. This review will focus on the current knowledge of selectivity mechanisms acting during the ER-to-Golgi sorting step and their significance in health and disease. The review will also highlight several key questions that have remained unanswered and discuss the future frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Geva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel.
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Amani S, Naeem A. Deciphering aggregates, prefibrillar oligomers and protofibrils of cytochrome c. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1839-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1698-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Dedola S, Izumi M, Makimura Y, Seko A, Kanamori A, Sakono M, Ito Y, Kajihara Y. Folding of Synthetic Homogeneous Glycoproteins in the Presence of a Glycoprotein Folding Sensor Enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Dedola S, Izumi M, Makimura Y, Seko A, Kanamori A, Sakono M, Ito Y, Kajihara Y. Folding of synthetic homogeneous glycoproteins in the presence of a glycoprotein folding sensor enzyme. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2883-7. [PMID: 24500819 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (UGGT) plays a key role in recognizing folded and misfolded glycoproteins in the glycoprotein quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum. UGGT detects misfolded glycoproteins and re-glucosylates them as a tag for misfolded glycoproteins. A flexible model to reproduce in vitro folding of a glycoprotein in the presence of UGGT in a mixture containing correctly folded, folding intermediates, and misfolded glycoproteins is described. The data demonstrates that UGGT can re-glucosylate all intermediates in the in vitro folding experiments, thus indicating that UGGT inspects not only final folded products, but also the glycoprotein folding intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dedola
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Institution Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043 (Japan); Institution Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, Ito Glycotrilogy Project, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 (Japan)
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