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Gomaa B, Lu J, Abdelhamed H, Banes M, Pechanova O, Pechan T, Arick MA, Karsi A, Lawrence ML. Identification of Protein Biomarkers for Differentiating Listeria monocytogenes Genetic Lineage III. Foods 2024; 13:1302. [PMID: 38731673 PMCID: PMC11083783 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe foodborne illness characterized by septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, abortions, and occasional death in infants and immunocompromised individuals. L. monocytogenes is composed of four genetic lineages (I, II, III, and IV) and fourteen serotypes. The aim of the current study was to identify proteins that can serve as biomarkers for detection of genetic lineage III strains based on simple antibody-based methods. Liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI MS/MS) followed by bioinformatics and computational analysis were performed on three L. monocytogenes strains (NRRL B-33007, NRRL B-33014, and NRRL B-33077), which were used as reference strains for lineages I, II, and III, respectively. Results from ESI MS/MS revealed 42 unique proteins present in NRRL B-33077 and absent in NRRL B-33007 and NRRL B-33014 strains. BLAST analysis of the 42 proteins against a broader panel of >80 sequenced strains from lineages I and II revealed four proteins [TM2 domain-containing protein (NRRL B-33077_2770), DUF3916 domain-containing protein (NRRL B-33077_1897), DNA adenine methylase (NRRL B-33077_1926), and protein RhsA (NRRL B-33077_1129)] that have no homology with any sequenced strains in lineages I and II. The four genes that encode these proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli strain DE3 and purified. Polyclonal antibodies were prepared against purified recombinant proteins. ELISA using the polyclonal antibodies against 12 L. monocytogenes lineage I, II, and III isolates indicated that TM2 protein and DNA adenine methylase (Dam) detected all lineage III strains with no reaction to lineage I and II strains. In conclusion, two proteins including TM2 protein and Dam are potentially useful biomarkers for detection and differentiation of L. monocytogenes lineage III strains in clinical, environmental, and food processing facilities. Furthermore, these results validate the approach of using a combination of proteomics and bioinformatics to identify useful protein biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant Gomaa
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.G.); (J.L.); (H.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Jingjun Lu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.G.); (J.L.); (H.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Hossam Abdelhamed
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.G.); (J.L.); (H.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Michelle Banes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.G.); (J.L.); (H.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Olga Pechanova
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (O.P.); (T.P.); (M.A.A.II)
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (O.P.); (T.P.); (M.A.A.II)
| | - Mark A. Arick
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (O.P.); (T.P.); (M.A.A.II)
| | - Attila Karsi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.G.); (J.L.); (H.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Mark L. Lawrence
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (B.G.); (J.L.); (H.A.); (M.B.); (A.K.)
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Fotopoulou ET, Jenkins C, Barker CR, Painset A, Didelot X, Simbo A, Douglas A, Godbole G, Jorgensen F, Gharbia S, McLauchlin† J. Genomic epidemiology of the clinically dominant clonal complex 1 in the Listeria monocytogenes population in the UK. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001155. [PMID: 38165396 PMCID: PMC10868620 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen, typically affecting the elderly, immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. The aim of this study was to determine the population structure of L. monocytogenes clonal complex 1 (CC1) in the UK and describe the genomic epidemiology of this clinically significant CC. We interrogated a working dataset of 4073 sequences of L. monocytogenes isolated between January 2015 and December 2020 from human clinical specimens, food and/or food-production environments. A minimum spanning tree was reconstructed to determine the population structure of L. monocytogenes in the UK. Subsequent analysis focused on L. monocytogenes CC1, as the cause of the highest proportion of invasive listeriosis in humans. Sequencing data was integrated with metadata on food and environmental isolates, and information from patient questionnaires, including age, sex and clinical outcomes. All isolates either belonged to lineage I (n=1299/4073, 32%) or lineage II (n=2774/4073, 68%), with clinical isolates from human cases more likely to belong to lineage I (n=546/928, 59%) and food isolates more likely to belong to lineage II (n=2352/3067, 77%). Of the four largest CCs, CC1 (n=237) had the highest proportion of isolates from human cases of disease (CC1 n=160/237, 67.5 %; CC121 n=13/843, 2 %; CC9 n=53/360, 15 %; CC2 n=69/339, 20%). Within CC1, most cases were female (n=95/160, 59%, P=0.01771) and the highest proportion of cases were in people >60 years old (39/95, 41%, P=1.314×10-6) with a high number of them aged 20-39 years old (n=35/95, 37%) most linked to pregnancy-related listeriosis (n=29/35, 83%). Most of the male cases were in men aged over 60 years old (40/65, 62%), and most of the fatal cases in both males and females were identified in this age group (42/55, 76%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed 23 5 SNP single linkage clusters comprising 80/237 (34 %) isolates with cluster sizes ranging from 2 to 19. Five 5 SNP clusters comprised isolates from human cases and an implicated food item. Expanding the analysis to 25 SNP single linkage clusters resolved an additional two clusters linking human cases to a potential food vehicle. Analysis of demographic and clinical outcome data identified CC1 as a clinically significant cause of invasive listeriosis in the elderly population and in women of child-bearing age. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the population structure of CC1 in the UK comprised small, sparsely populated genomic clusters. Only clusters containing isolates from an implicated food vehicle, or food processing or farming environments, were resolved, emphasizing the need for clinical, food and animal-health agencies to share sequencing data in real time, and the importance of a One Health approach to public-health surveillance of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily T. Fotopoulou
- Water and Environmental Microbiology Services, UK Health Security Agency Food, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Claire Jenkins
- Water and Environmental Microbiology Services, UK Health Security Agency Food, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Clare R. Barker
- Water and Environmental Microbiology Services, UK Health Security Agency Food, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
- Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, National Institute for Health and Care Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Anais Painset
- Water and Environmental Microbiology Services, UK Health Security Agency Food, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Xavier Didelot
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
- Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, National Institute for Health and Care Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
- Health Protection Research Unit in Genomics and Enabling Data, National Institute for Health and Care Research, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ameze Simbo
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Amy Douglas
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Gauri Godbole
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Frieda Jorgensen
- Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Saheer Gharbia
- Water and Environmental Microbiology Services, UK Health Security Agency Food, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
- Health Protection Research Unit in Gastrointestinal Infections, National Institute for Health and Care Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK
| | - Jim McLauchlin†
- Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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Yuan T, Hu Y, Pian Y. Maternal bacteremia caused by Listeria monocytogenes ST87: A case report. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14980. [PMID: 37077693 PMCID: PMC10106913 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women are at a high risk of contracting listeriosis; however, there have been only a few clinical reports of maternal bacteremia occurring before 20 weeks of gestation in China. In this case report, a 28-year-old pregnant woman at 16 weeks and 4 days of gestation was admitted to our hospital suffering from fever for four days. The patient was initially diagnosed with an upper respiratory tract infection at the local community hospital; nevertheless, the cause of the infection was unknown. In our hospital, she was diagnosed with Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) infection by the blood culture system. Before the results of blood culture were obtained, ceftriaxone and cefazolin were given for three days respectively based on clinical experience. However, the fever didn't reduce until she was treated with ampicillin. This pathogen was further identified as L. monocytogenes ST87 by serotyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and virulence gene amplification. Finally, a healthy baby boy was born in our hospital, and the neonate was developing well at the 6-week postnatal follow-up visit. This case report suggests that patients with L. monocytogenes ST87-caused maternal listeriosis can have a good prognosis; however, more clinical information and molecular experiments are needed to confirm our hypothesis.
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Abdelhamed H, Nho SW, Kim SW, Reddy JS, Park SB, Jung TS, Lawrence ML. Serotype-identifying ions in Listeria monocytogenes using matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Novel Approaches to Environmental Monitoring and Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Production Facilities. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121760. [PMID: 35741961 PMCID: PMC9222551 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a serious public health hazard responsible for the foodborne illness listeriosis. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature and can become established in food production facilities, resulting in the contamination of a variety of food products, especially ready-to-eat foods. Effective and risk-based environmental monitoring programs and control strategies are essential to eliminate L. monocytogenes in food production environments. Key elements of the environmental monitoring program include (i) identifying the sources and prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the production environment, (ii) verifying the effectiveness of control measures to eliminate L. monocytogenes, and (iii) identifying the areas and activities to improve control. The design and implementation of the environmental monitoring program are complex, and several different approaches have emerged for sampling and detecting Listeria monocytogenes in food facilities. Traditional detection methods involve culture methods, followed by confirmation methods based on phenotypic, biochemical, and immunological characterization. These methods are laborious and time-consuming as they require at least 2 to 3 days to obtain results. Consequently, several novel detection approaches are gaining importance due to their rapidness, sensitivity, specificity, and high throughput. This paper comprehensively reviews environmental monitoring programs and novel approaches for detection based on molecular methods, immunological methods, biosensors, spectroscopic methods, microfluidic systems, and phage-based methods. Consumers have now become more interested in buying food products that are minimally processed, free of additives, shelf-stable, and have a better nutritional and sensory value. As a result, several novel control strategies have received much attention for their less adverse impact on the organoleptic properties of food and improved consumer acceptability. This paper reviews recent developments in control strategies by categorizing them into thermal, non-thermal, biocontrol, natural, and chemical methods, emphasizing the hurdle concept that involves a combination of different strategies to show synergistic impact to control L. monocytogenes in food production environments.
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Agostinho Davanzo EF, dos Santos RL, Castro VHDL, Palma JM, Pribul BR, Dallago BSL, Fuga B, Medeiros M, Titze de Almeida SS, da Costa HMB, Rodrigues DDP, Lincopan N, Perecmanis S, Santana AP. Molecular characterization of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes strains from biofilms in cattle and poultry slaughterhouses located in the federal District and State of Goiás, Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259687. [PMID: 34767604 PMCID: PMC8589217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. are considered important foodborne pathogens that are commonly associated with foods of animal origin. The aim of this study was to perform molecular characterization of L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. isolated from biofilms of cattle and poultry slaughterhouses located in the Federal District and State of Goiás, Brazil. Fourteen L. monocytogenes isolates and one Salmonella sp. were detected in poultry slaughterhouses. No isolates were detected in cattle slaughterhouses. All L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to lineage II, and 11 different pulsotypes were detected. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the dissemination of two strains within one plant, in addition to the regional dissemination of one of them. The Salmonella isolate was identified via whole genome sequencing as Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota ST548. In the sequence analysis, no premature stop codons were detected in the inlA gene of Listeria. All isolates demonstrated the ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells, while 50% were capable of invading them. Antimicrobial resistance was detected in 57.1% of the L. monocytogenes isolates, and resistance to sulfonamide was the most common feature. The tetC, ermB, and tetM genes were detected, and four isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. Salmonella sp. was resistant to nine antimicrobials and was classified as multidrug-resistant. Resistance genes qnrB19, blaCMY-2, aac(6')-Iaa, sul2, and tetA, and a mutation in the parC gene were detected. The majority (78.5%) of the L. monocytogenes isolates were capable of forming biofilms after incubation at 37°C for 24 h, and 64.3% were capable of forming biofilms after incubation at 12°C for 168 h. There was no statistical difference in the biofilm-forming capacity under the different evaluated conditions. Salmonella sp. was capable of forming biofilms at both tested temperatures. Biofilm characterization was confirmed by collecting the samples consistently, at the same sampling points, and by assessing biofilm formation in vitro. These results highlight the potential risk of cross-contamination in poultry slaughterhouses and the importance of surveillance and pathogen control maintenance programs within the meat production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joana Marchesini Palma
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rocha Pribul
- National Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Enteric Infections, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Fuga
- Laboratory of Bacterial Resistance and Therapeutic Alternatives, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Margareti Medeiros
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dália dos Prazeres Rodrigues
- National Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Enteric Infections, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Laboratory of Bacterial Resistance and Therapeutic Alternatives, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone Perecmanis
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Angela Patrícia Santana
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Unrath N, McCabe E, Macori G, Fanning S. Application of Whole Genome Sequencing to Aid in Deciphering the Persistence Potential of Listeria monocytogenes in Food Production Environments. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1856. [PMID: 34576750 PMCID: PMC8464834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis, a foodborne illness associated with high hospitalizations and mortality rates. This bacterium can persist in food associated environments for years with isolates being increasingly linked to outbreaks. This review presents a discussion of genomes of Listeria monocytogenes which are commonly regarded as persisters within food production environments, as well as genes which are involved in mechanisms aiding this phenotype. Although criteria for the detection of persistence remain undefined, the advent of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and the development of bioinformatic tools have revolutionized the ability to find closely related strains. These advancements will facilitate the identification of mechanisms responsible for persistence among indistinguishable genomes. In turn, this will lead to improved assessments of the importance of biofilm formation, adaptation to stressful conditions and tolerance to sterilizers in relation to the persistence of this bacterium, all of which have been previously associated with this phenotype. Despite much research being published around the topic of persistence, more insights are required to further elucidate the nature of true persistence and its implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Unrath
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Evonne McCabe
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, D04 T6F4 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guerrino Macori
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 N2E5 Dublin, Ireland; (N.U.); (E.M.); (G.M.)
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Louha S, Meinersmann RJ, Glenn TC. Whole genome genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium in a diverse collection of Listeria monocytogenes isolates. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242297. [PMID: 33630832 PMCID: PMC7906370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing for 2554 genes in a large and heterogenous panel of 180 Listeria monocytogenes strains having diverse geographical and temporal origins. The subtyping data was used for characterizing genetic variation and evaluating patterns of linkage disequilibrium in the pan-genome of L. monocytogenes. Our analysis revealed the presence of strong linkage disequilibrium in L. monocytogenes, with ~99% of genes showing significant non-random associations with a large majority of other genes in the genome. Twenty-seven loci having lower levels of association with other genes were considered to be potential “hot spots” for horizontal gene transfer (i.e., recombination via conjugation, transduction, and/or transformation). The patterns of linkage disequilibrium in L. monocytogenes suggest limited exchange of foreign genetic material in the genome and can be used as a tool for identifying new recombinant strains. This can help understand processes contributing to the diversification and evolution of this pathogenic bacteria, thereby facilitating development of effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnali Louha
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard J. Meinersmann
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Travis C. Glenn
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Making Sense of the Biodiversity and Virulence of Listeria monocytogenes. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:811-822. [PMID: 33583696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, an infection that can manifest in humans as bacteremia, meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients and the elderly, and fetal-placental infection in pregnant women. Reference strains from this facultative intracellular bacterium have been instrumental in the investigation of basic mechanisms in microbiology, immunology, and cell biology. The integration of bacterial population genomics with environmental, epidemiological, and clinical data allowed the uncovering of new factors involved in the virulence of L. monocytogenes and its adaptation to different environments. This review illustrates how these investigations have led to a better understanding of the bacterium's virulence and the driving forces that shaped it.
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Henderson LO, Erazo Flores BJ, Skeens J, Kent D, Murphy SI, Wiedmann M, Guariglia-Oropeza V. Nevertheless, She Resisted - Role of the Environment on Listeria monocytogenes Sensitivity to Nisin Treatment in a Laboratory Cheese Model. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:635. [PMID: 32328054 PMCID: PMC7160321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of Listeria monocytogenes on refrigerated, ready-to-eat food products is a major health and economic concern. The natural antimicrobial nisin targets the bacterial cell wall and can be used to inhibit L. monocytogenes growth on cheese. Cell wall composition and structure, and therefore the efficacy of cell wall acting control strategies, can be severely affected by environmental and stress conditions. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of a range of pH and temperatures on the efficacy of nisin against several strains of L. monocytogenes in a lab-scale, cheese model. Cheese was made with or without the addition of nisin at different pH and then inoculated with L. monocytogenes; L. monocytogenes numbers were quantified after 1, 7, and 14 days of incubation at 6, 14, or 22°C. While our data show that nisin treatment is able to reduce L. monocytogenes numbers, at least initially, growth of this pathogen can occur even in the presence of nisin, especially when cheese is stored at higher temperatures. Several environmental factors were found to affect nisin efficacy against L. monocytogenes. For example, nisin is more effective when cheese is stored at lower temperatures. Nisin is also more effective when cheese is made at higher pH (6 and 6.5), compared to cheese made at pH 5.5, and this effect is at least partially due to the activity of cell envelope modification genes dltA and mprF. Serotype was also found to affect nisin efficacy against L. monocytogenes; serotype 4b strains showed lower susceptibility to nisin treatment compared to serotype 1/2 strains. Overall, our results highlight the importance of considering environmental conditions specific to a food matrix when developing and applying nisin-based intervention strategies against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. O. Henderson
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - B. J. Erazo Flores
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - J. Skeens
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - D. Kent
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - S. I. Murphy
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - M. Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Henderson L, Cabrera-Villamizar L, Skeens J, Kent D, Murphy S, Wiedmann M, Guariglia-Oropeza V. Environmental conditions and serotype affect Listeria monocytogenes susceptibility to phage treatment in a laboratory cheese model. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9674-9688. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Psareva EK, Egorova IY, Liskova EA, Razheva IV, Gladkova NA, Sokolova EV, Potemkin EA, Zhurilov PA, Mikhaleva TV, Blokhin AA, Chalenko YM, Kolbasov DV, Ermolaeva SА. Retrospective Study of Listeria Monocytogenes Isolated in the Territory of Inner Eurasia from 1947 to 1999. Pathogens 2019; 8:E184. [PMID: 31614553 PMCID: PMC6963828 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is one of the most significant humans and animals foodborne infectious diseases. Here, we characterized 48 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated in the territory of inner Eurasia during the second half of the 20th century. A total of 23 strains (52.3%) were susceptible to the nine antibiotics tested, 30.43%, 15.22%, and 8.7% were resistant penicillin G, ampicillin, and enrofloxacin, respectively. We applied the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to determine the phylogenetic positions of the strains. All but one strain belonged to the II phylogenetic lineage, and the majority of the strains belonged to one of the previously described clonal complexes (СCs). More than 60% of the strains belonged to the clonal complex CC7 that prevailed among all sources, including cattle (58%), small ruminants (64%), rodents (71%), and humans (50%). Further, CC7, CC101, and CC124 were found among human isolates. The MLST scheme was supplemented with virulence gene analysis. In total, eight inlA, six inlB, and six inlC allelic variants were found, and all but one strain carried one of the two inlE alleles. Most strains (62.5%) belonged to the same multivirulence locus sequence typing (MvLST) type, which includes CC7, inlA allele 4, inlB allele 14, inlC allele 6, and inlE allele 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina K Psareva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Irina Yu Egorova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 601125 Volginsky, Russia.
| | - Elena A Liskova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Irina V Razheva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Nadezda A Gladkova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Elena V Sokolova
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Eugene A Potemkin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Pavel A Zhurilov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Tatyana V Mikhaleva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Samara Research Veterinary Institute Branch, Samara 443013, Russia.
| | - Andrei A Blokhin
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Yaroslava M Chalenko
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis V Kolbasov
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, 601125 Volginsky, Russia.
| | - Svetlana А Ermolaeva
- Federal Research Center for Virology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod Research Veterinary Institute Branch, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
- Gamaleya Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 123098 Moscow, Russia.
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13
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Maury MM, Bracq-Dieye H, Huang L, Vales G, Lavina M, Thouvenot P, Disson O, Leclercq A, Brisse S, Lecuit M. Hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes clones' adaption to mammalian gut accounts for their association with dairy products. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2488. [PMID: 31171794 PMCID: PMC6554400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a major human and animal foodborne pathogen. Here we show that hypervirulent Lm clones, particularly CC1, are strongly associated with dairy products, whereas hypovirulent clones, CC9 and CC121, are associated with meat products. Clone adaptation to distinct ecological niches and/or different food products contamination routes may account for this uneven distribution. Indeed, hypervirulent clones colonize better the intestinal lumen and invade more intestinal tissues than hypovirulent ones, reflecting their adaption to host environment. Conversely, hypovirulent clones are adapted to food processing environments, with a higher prevalence of stress resistance and benzalkonium chloride tolerance genes and a higher survival and biofilm formation capacity in presence of sub-lethal benzalkonium chloride concentrations. Lm virulence heterogeneity therefore reflects the diversity of the ecological niches in which it evolves. These results also have important public health implications and may help in reducing food contamination and improving food consumption recommendations to at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène M Maury
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Bracq-Dieye
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Lei Huang
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Vales
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Lavina
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Thouvenot
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Disson
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, CNRS UMR 3525, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France.,Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Biology of Infection Unit, Inserm U1117, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France. .,National Reference Centre and WHO Collaborating Centre for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France. .,Paris Descartes University, Institut Imagine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, 75006, Paris, France.
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14
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Njage PMK, Henri C, Leekitcharoenphon P, Mistou M, Hendriksen RS, Hald T. Machine Learning Methods as a Tool for Predicting Risk of Illness Applying Next-Generation Sequencing Data. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2019; 39:1397-1413. [PMID: 30462833 PMCID: PMC7379936 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) data present an untapped potential to improve microbial risk assessment (MRA) through increased specificity and redefinition of the hazard. Most of the MRA models do not account for differences in survivability and virulence among strains. The potential of machine learning algorithms for predicting the risk/health burden at the population level while inputting large and complex NGS data was explored with Listeria monocytogenes as a case study. Listeria data consisted of a percentage similarity matrix from genome assemblies of 38 and 207 strains of clinical and food origin, respectively. Basic Local Alignment (BLAST) was used to align the assemblies against a database of 136 virulence and stress resistance genes. The outcome variable was frequency of illness, which is the percentage of reported cases associated with each strain. These frequency data were discretized into seven ordinal outcome categories and used for supervised machine learning and model selection from five ensemble algorithms. There was no significant difference in accuracy between the models, and support vector machine with linear kernel was chosen for further inference (accuracy of 89% [95% CI: 68%, 97%]). The virulence genes FAM002725, FAM002728, FAM002729, InlF, InlJ, Inlk, IisY, IisD, IisX, IisH, IisB, lmo2026, and FAM003296 were important predictors of higher frequency of illness. InlF was uniquely truncated in the sequence type 121 strains. Most important risk predictor genes occurred at highest prevalence among strains from ready-to-eat, dairy, and composite foods. We foresee that the findings and approaches described offer the potential for rethinking the current approaches in MRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Murigu Kamau Njage
- Division for Epidemiology and Microbial GenomicsNational Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Clementine Henri
- Université PARIS‐EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'Alimentation, de L'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES)Laboratory for Food SafetyMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon
- Division for Epidemiology and Microbial GenomicsNational Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Michel‐Yves Mistou
- Université PARIS‐EST, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de L'Alimentation, de L'Environnement et du Travail (ANSES)Laboratory for Food SafetyMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Rene S. Hendriksen
- Division for Epidemiology and Microbial GenomicsNational Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | - Tine Hald
- Division for Epidemiology and Microbial GenomicsNational Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
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15
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Establishment of Listeria monocytogenes in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7030075. [PMID: 30857361 PMCID: PMC6463042 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive foodborne pathogen that can colonize the gastrointestinal tract of a number of hosts, including humans. These environments contain numerous stressors such as bile, low oxygen and acidic pH, which may impact the level of colonization and persistence of this organism within the GI tract. The ability of L. monocytogenes to establish infections and colonize the gastrointestinal tract is directly related to its ability to overcome these stressors, which is mediated by the efficient expression of several stress response mechanisms during its passage. This review will focus upon how and when this occurs and how this impacts the outcome of foodborne disease.
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16
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Abstract
For nearly a century the use of antibiotics to treat infectious diseases has benefited human and animal health. In recent years there has been an increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, in part attributed to the overuse of compounds in clinical and farming settings. The genus Listeria currently comprises 17 recognized species found throughout the environment. Listeria monocytogenes is the etiological agent of listeriosis in humans and many vertebrate species, including birds, whereas Listeria ivanovii causes infections mainly in ruminants. L. monocytogenes is the third-most-common cause of death from food poisoning in humans, and infection occurs in at-risk groups, including pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
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17
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In Vivo Virulence Characterization of Pregnancy-Associated Listeria monocytogenes Infections. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00397-18. [PMID: 30104213 PMCID: PMC6204711 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00397-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that infects the placenta and can cause pregnancy complications. Listeriosis usually occurs as a sporadic infection, but large outbreaks are also reported. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that infects the placenta and can cause pregnancy complications. Listeriosis usually occurs as a sporadic infection, but large outbreaks are also reported. Virulence from clinical isolates is rarely analyzed due to the large number of animals required, but this knowledge could help guide the response to an outbreak. We implemented a DNA barcode system using signature tags that allowed us to efficiently assay variations in virulence across a large number of isolates. We tested 77 signature-tagged clones of clinical L. monocytogenes strains from 72 infected human placentas and 5 immunocompromised patients, all of which were isolated since 2000. These strains were tested for virulence in a modified competition assay in comparison to that of the laboratory strain 10403S. We used two in vivo models of listeriosis: the nonpregnant mouse and the pregnant guinea pig. Strains that were frequently found at a high abundance within infected organs were considered hypervirulent, while strains frequently found at a low abundance were considered hypovirulent. Virulence split relatively evenly among hypovirulent strains, hypervirulent strains, and strains as virulent as 10403S. The laboratory strain was found to have an intermediate virulence phenotype, supporting its suitability for use in pathogenesis studies. Further, we found that splenic virulence and placental virulence are closely linked in both the guinea pig and mouse models. This suggests that outbreak and sporadic pregnancy-associated L. monocytogenes strains are not generally more virulent than lab reference strains. However, some strains did show consistent and reproducible virulence differences, suggesting that their further study may reveal deeper insights into the biological underpinnings of listeriosis.
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18
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Pirone-Davies C, Chen Y, Pightling A, Ryan G, Wang Y, Yao K, Hoffmann M, Allard MW. Genes significantly associated with lineage II food isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:708. [PMID: 30253738 PMCID: PMC6157050 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis, a potentially fatal infection. L. monocytogenes is subdivided into four phylogenetic lineages, with the highest incidence of listeriosis occurring within lineage I followed by lineage II. Strains of L. monocytogenes differ in their phenotypic characteristics, including virulence. However, the genetic bases for these observed differences are not well understood, and current efforts to monitor L. monocytogenes in food consider all strains to be equally virulent. We use a comparative genomics approach to identify genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 174 clinical and food isolates of L. monocytogenes that potentially contribute to virulence or the capacity to adapt to food environments. Results No SNPs are significantly associated with food or clinical isolates. No genes are significantly associated with food or clinical isolates from lineage I, but eight genes consisting of multiple homologues are associated with lineage II food isolates. These include three genes which encode hypothetical proteins, the cadmium resistance genes cadA and cadC, the multi-drug resistance gene ebrB, a quaternary ammonium compound resistance gene qac, and a regulatory gene. All eight genes are plasmid-borne, and most closed L. monocytogenes plasmids carry at least five of the genes (24/27). In addition, plasmids are more frequently associated with lineage II food isolates than with lineage II clinical isolates. Conclusions We identify eight genes that are significantly associated with food isolates in lineage II. Interestingly, the eight genes are virtually absent in lineage II outbreak isolates, are composed of homologues which show a nonrandom distribution among lineage I serotypes, and the sequences are highly conserved across 27 closed Listeria plasmids. The functions of these genes should be explored further and will contribute to our understanding of how L. monocytogenes adapts to the host and food environments. Moreover, these genes may also be useful as markers for risk assessment models of either pathogenicity or the ability to proliferate in food and the food processing environment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5074-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary Pirone-Davies
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Arthur Pightling
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gina Ryan
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kuan Yao
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Maria Hoffmann
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Marc W Allard
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
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19
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Bergholz TM, Shah MK, Burall LS, Rakic-Martinez M, Datta AR. Genomic and phenotypic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes clonal complexes associated with human listeriosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3475-3485. [PMID: 29500754 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen of significant concern in many ready to eat foods due to its ability to survive and multiply even under significant environmental stresses. Listeriosis in humans is a concern, especially to high-risk populations such as those who are immunocompromised or pregnant, due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality. Whole genome sequencing has become a routine part of assessing L. monocytogenes isolated from patients, and the frequency of different genetic subtypes associated with listeriosis is now being reported. The recent abundance of genome sequences for L. monocytogenes has provided a wealth of information regarding the variation in core and accessory genomic elements. Newly described accessory genomic regions have been linked to greater virulence capabilities as well as greater resistance to environmental stressors such as sanitizers commonly used in food processing facilities. This review will provide a summary of our current understanding of stress response and virulence phenotypes of L. monocytogenes, within the context of the genetic diversity of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Bergholz
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 130A Van Es, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA.
| | - Manoj K Shah
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, 130A Van Es, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
| | - Laurel S Burall
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Mira Rakic-Martinez
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Atin R Datta
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
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20
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Spontaneous Loss of Virulence in Natural Populations of Listeria monocytogenes. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00541-17. [PMID: 28827366 PMCID: PMC5649026 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00541-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes depends on the ability of this bacterium to escape from the phagosome of the host cells via the action of the pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). Expression of the LLO-encoding gene (hly) requires the transcriptional activator PrfA, and both hly and prfA genes are essential for L. monocytogenes virulence. Here, we used the hemolytic activity of LLO as a phenotypic marker to screen for spontaneous virulence-attenuating mutations in L. monocytogenes. Sixty nonhemolytic isolates were identified among a collection of 57,820 confirmed L. monocytogenes strains isolated from a variety of sources (0.1%). In most cases (56/60; 93.3%), the nonhemolytic phenotype resulted from nonsense, missense, or frameshift mutations in prfA. Five strains carried hly mutations leading to a single amino acid substitution (G299V) or a premature stop codon causing strong virulence attenuation in mice. In one strain, both hly and gshF (encoding a glutathione synthase required for full PrfA activity) were missing due to genomic rearrangements likely caused by a transposable element. The PrfA/LLO loss-of-function (PrfA−/LLO−) mutants belonged to phylogenetically diverse clades of L. monocytogenes, and most were identified among nonclinical strains (57/60). Consistent with the rare occurrence of loss-of-virulence mutations, we show that prfA and hly are under purifying selection. Although occurring at a low frequency, PrfA−/LLO− mutational events in L. monocytogenes lead to niche restriction and open an evolutionary path for obligate saprophytism in this facultative intracellular pathogen.
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21
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Oxaran V, Lee SHI, Chaul LT, Corassin CH, Barancelli GV, Alves VF, de Oliveira CAF, Gram L, De Martinis ECP. Listeria monocytogenes incidence changes and diversity in some Brazilian dairy industries and retail products. Food Microbiol 2017; 68:16-23. [PMID: 28800821 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes can cause listeriosis, a severe foodborne disease. In Brazil, despite very few reported cases of listeriosis, the pathogen has been repeatedly isolated from dairies. This has led the government to implement specific legislation to reduce the hazard. Here, we determined the incidence of L. monocytogenes in five dairies and retail products in the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil over eight months. Of 437 samples, three samples (0.7%) from retail and only one sample (0.2%) from the dairies were positive for L. monocytogenes. Thus, the contamination rate was significantly reduced as compared to previous studies. MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was used to determine if contamination was caused by new or persistent clones leading to the first MLST profile of L. monocytogenes from the Brazilian dairy industry. The processing environment isolate is of concern being a sequence-type (ST) 2, belonging to the lineage I responsible for the majority of listeriosis outbreaks. Also, ST3 and ST8 found in commercialized cheese have previously been reported in outbreaks. Despite the lower incidence, dairy products still pose a potential health risk and the occurrence of L. monocytogenes in dairies and retail products emphasize the need for continuous surveillance of this pathogen in the Brazilian dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Oxaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sarah Hwa In Lee
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Luíza Toubas Chaul
- FF/UFG, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Carlos Humberto Corassin
- FZEA/USP, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lone Gram
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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22
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Cohan FM, Roberts MS, King EC. THE POTENTIAL FOR GENETIC EXCHANGE BY TRANSFORMATION WITHIN A NATURAL POPULATION OFBACILLUS SUBTILIS. Evolution 2017; 45:1393-1421. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1991.tb02644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/1990] [Accepted: 01/23/1991] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick M. Cohan
- Department of Biology; Wesleyan University; Middletown CT 06459-0170 USA
| | - Michael S. Roberts
- Department of Biology; Wesleyan University; Middletown CT 06459-0170 USA
| | - Elaine C. King
- Department of Biology; Wesleyan University; Middletown CT 06459-0170 USA
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23
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Dreyer M, Aguilar-Bultet L, Rupp S, Guldimann C, Stephan R, Schock A, Otter A, Schüpbach G, Brisse S, Lecuit M, Frey J, Oevermann A. Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 1 is predominant in ruminant rhombencephalitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36419. [PMID: 27848981 PMCID: PMC5111077 DOI: 10.1038/srep36419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening infections in diverse mammalian species including humans and ruminants. As little is known on the link between strains and clinicopathological phenotypes, we studied potential strain-associated virulence and organ tropism in L. monocytogenes isolates from well-defined ruminant cases of clinical infections and the farm environment. The phylogeny of isolates and their virulence-associated genes were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and sequence analysis of virulence-associated genes. Additionally, a panel of representative isolates was subjected to in vitro infection assays. Our data suggest the environmental exposure of ruminants to a broad range of strains and yet the strong association of sequence type (ST) 1 from clonal complex (CC) 1 with rhombencephalitis, suggesting increased neurotropism of ST1 in ruminants, which is possibly related to its hypervirulence. This study emphasizes the importance of considering clonal background of L. monocytogenes isolates in surveillance, epidemiological investigation and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Dreyer
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lisandra Aguilar-Bultet
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Rupp
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Guldimann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Schock
- Department of Pathology, AHVLA Lasswade, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Otter
- AHVLA Shrewsbury Kendal Road, Harlscott, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, Paris, France.,French National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center Listeria, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Moura A, Criscuolo A, Pouseele H, Maury MM, Leclercq A, Tarr C, Björkman JT, Dallman T, Reimer A, Enouf V, Larsonneur E, Carleton H, Bracq-Dieye H, Katz LS, Jones L, Touchon M, Tourdjman M, Walker M, Stroika S, Cantinelli T, Chenal-Francisque V, Kucerova Z, Rocha EPC, Nadon C, Grant K, Nielsen EM, Pot B, Gerner-Smidt P, Lecuit M, Brisse S. Whole genome-based population biology and epidemiological surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes. Nat Microbiol 2016; 2:16185. [PMID: 27723724 DOI: 10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a major human foodborne pathogen. Numerous Lm outbreaks have been reported worldwide and associated with a high case fatality rate, reinforcing the need for strongly coordinated surveillance and outbreak control. We developed a universally applicable genome-wide strain genotyping approach and investigated the population diversity of Lm using 1,696 isolates from diverse sources and geographical locations. We define, with unprecedented precision, the population structure of Lm, demonstrate the occurrence of international circulation of strains and reveal the extent of heterogeneity in virulence and stress resistance genomic features among clinical and food isolates. Using historical isolates, we show that the evolutionary rate of Lm from lineage I and lineage II is low (∼2.5 × 10-7 substitutions per site per year, as inferred from the core genome) and that major sublineages (corresponding to so-called 'epidemic clones') are estimated to be at least 50-150 years old. This work demonstrates the urgent need to monitor Lm strains at the global level and provides the unified approach needed for global harmonization of Lm genome-based typing and population biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Moura
- National Reference Centre and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, 75015 Paris, France.,Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3525, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Criscuolo
- Institut Pasteur-Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique-C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 75724 Paris, France
| | | | - Mylène M Maury
- National Reference Centre and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, 75015 Paris, France.,Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3525, 75015 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris Diderot University, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Leclercq
- National Reference Centre and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Cheryl Tarr
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | | | | | - Aleisha Reimer
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Vincent Enouf
- Pasteur International Bioresources network (PIBnet), Mutualized Microbiology Platform (P2M), Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Elise Larsonneur
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur-Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique-C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMS 3601 IFB-Core, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Heather Carleton
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | - Hélène Bracq-Dieye
- National Reference Centre and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Lee S Katz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | - Louis Jones
- Institut Pasteur-Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique-C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Marie Touchon
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3525, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Matthew Walker
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Steven Stroika
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | - Thomas Cantinelli
- National Reference Centre and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Viviane Chenal-Francisque
- National Reference Centre and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Zuzana Kucerova
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
| | - Eduardo P C Rocha
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3525, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Celine Nadon
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada
| | | | | | - Bruno Pot
- Applied-Maths, 9830 Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium
| | | | - Marc Lecuit
- National Reference Centre and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Listeria, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,Biology of Infection Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,Inserm U1117, 75015 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Imagine, 75006 Paris, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, APHP, Paris Descartes University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3525, 75015 Paris, France
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25
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Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing for Identification of Globally Distributed Clonal Groups and Differentiation of Outbreak Strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:6258-6272. [PMID: 27520821 PMCID: PMC5068157 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01532-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many listeriosis outbreaks are caused by a few globally distributed clonal groups, designated clonal complexes or epidemic clones, of Listeria monocytogenes, several of which have been defined by classic multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes targeting 6 to 8 housekeeping or virulence genes. We have developed and evaluated core genome MLST (cgMLST) schemes and applied them to isolates from multiple clonal groups, including those associated with 39 listeriosis outbreaks. The cgMLST clusters were congruent with MLST-defined clonal groups, which had various degrees of diversity at the whole-genome level. Notably, cgMLST could distinguish among outbreak strains and epidemiologically unrelated strains of the same clonal group, which could not be achieved using classic MLST schemes. The precise selection of cgMLST gene targets may not be critical for the general identification of clonal groups and outbreak strains. cgMLST analyses further identified outbreak strains, including those associated with recent outbreaks linked to contaminated French-style cheese, Hispanic-style cheese, stone fruit, caramel apple, ice cream, and packaged leafy green salad, as belonging to major clonal groups. We further developed lineage-specific cgMLST schemes, which can include accessory genes when core genomes do not possess sufficient diversity, and this provided additional resolution over species-specific cgMLST. Analyses of isolates from different common-source listeriosis outbreaks revealed various degrees of diversity, indicating that the numbers of allelic differences should always be combined with cgMLST clustering and epidemiological evidence to define a listeriosis outbreak.
IMPORTANCE Classic multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes targeting internal fragments of 6 to 8 genes that define clonal complexes or epidemic clones have been widely employed to study L. monocytogenes biodiversity and its relation to pathogenicity potential and epidemiology. We demonstrated that core genome MLST schemes can be used for the simultaneous identification of clonal groups and the differentiation of individual outbreak strains and epidemiologically unrelated strains of the same clonal group. We further developed lineage-specific cgMLST schemes that targeted more genomic regions than the species-specific cgMLST schemes. Our data revealed the genome-level diversity of clonal groups defined by classic MLST schemes. Our identification of U.S. and international outbreaks caused by major clonal groups can contribute to further understanding of the global epidemiology of L. monocytogenes.
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26
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Watkins ER, Maiden MC, Gupta S. Metabolic competition as a driver of bacterial population structure. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:1339-1357. [PMID: 27660887 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the processes whereby diversity arises and is maintained in pathogen populations is pivotal for designing disease control interventions. A particular problem is the maintenance of strain structure in bacterial pathogen populations despite frequent genetic exchange. Although several theoretical frameworks have been put forward to explain this widespread phenomenon, few have focused on the role of genes encoding metabolic functions, despite an increasing recognition of their importance in pathogenesis and transmission. In this article, we review the literature for evidence of metabolic niches within the host and discuss theoretical frameworks which examine ecological interactions between metabolic genes. We contend that metabolic competition is an important phenomenon which contributes to the maintenance of population structure and diversity of many bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R Watkins
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Martin Cj Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Sunetra Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
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27
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Ojima-Kato T, Yamamoto N, Takahashi H, Tamura H. Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Can Precisely Discriminate the Lineages of Listeria monocytogenes and Species of Listeria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159730. [PMID: 27442502 PMCID: PMC4956195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic lineages of Listeria monocytogenes and other species of the genus Listeria are correlated with pathogenesis in humans. Although matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become a prevailing tool for rapid and reliable microbial identification, the precise discrimination of Listeria species and lineages remains a crucial issue in clinical settings and for food safety. In this study, we constructed an accurate and reliable MS database to discriminate the lineages of L. monocytogenes and the species of Listeria (L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. seeligeri, L. ivanovii, L. grayi, and L. rocourtiae) based on the S10-spc-alpha operon gene encoded ribosomal protein mass spectrum (S10-GERMS) proteotyping method, which relies on both genetic information (genomics) and observed MS peaks in MALDI-TOF MS (proteomics). The specific set of eight biomarkers (ribosomal proteins L24, L6, L18, L15, S11, S9, L31 type B, and S16) yielded characteristic MS patterns for the lineages of L. monocytogenes and the different species of Listeria, and led to the construction of a MS database that was successful in discriminating between these organisms in MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting analysis followed by advanced proteotyping software Strain Solution analysis. We also confirmed the constructed database on the proteotyping software Strain Solution by using 23 Listeria strains collected from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyo Ojima-Kato
- Knowledge Hub Aichi, Aichi Science and Technology Foundation, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi 470-0356, Japan
- School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
- * E-mail: (TOK); (HT)
| | - Naomi Yamamoto
- School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
| | - Hajime Takahashi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477 Japan
| | - Hiroto Tamura
- Knowledge Hub Aichi, Aichi Science and Technology Foundation, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi 470-0356, Japan
- School of Agriculture, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073, Japan
- * E-mail: (TOK); (HT)
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28
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Buzoleva LS, Tsvetkova NB, Bogatyrenko EA. Biofilm formation by different serological variants of Listeria monocytogenes in association with Bacillus pumilus. Microbiology (Reading) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261716030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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29
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Camargo AC, Woodward JJ, Nero LA. The Continuous Challenge of Characterizing the Foodborne Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:405-16. [PMID: 27120361 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen commonly isolated from food processing environments and food products. This organism can multiply at refrigeration temperatures, form biofilms on different materials and under various conditions, resist a range of environmental stresses, and contaminate food products by cross-contamination. L. monocytogenes is recognized as the causative agent of listeriosis, a serious disease that affects mainly individuals from high-risk groups, such as pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Listeriosis can be considered a disease that has emerged along with changing eating habits and large-scale industrial food processing. This disease causes losses of billions of dollars every year with recalls of contaminated foods and patient medical treatment expenses. In addition to the immune status of the host and the infecting dose, the virulence potential of each strain is crucial for the development of disease symptoms. While many isolates are naturally virulent, other isolates are avirulent and unable to cause disease; this may vary according to the presence of molecular determinants associated with virulence. In the last decade, the characterization of genetic profiles through the use of molecular methods has helped track and demonstrate the genetic diversity among L. monocytogenes isolates obtained from various sources. The purposes of this review were to summarize the main methods used for isolation, identification, and typing of L. monocytogenes and also describe its most relevant virulence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Carlos Camargo
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Augusto Nero
- 1 Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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30
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Morganti M, Scaltriti E, Cozzolino P, Bolzoni L, Casadei G, Pierantoni M, Foni E, Pongolini S. Processing-Dependent and Clonal Contamination Patterns of Listeria monocytogenes in the Cured Ham Food Chain Revealed by Genetic Analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:822-31. [PMID: 26590278 PMCID: PMC4725272 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03103-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantitative and qualitative patterns of environmental contamination by Listeria monocytogenes were investigated in the production chain of dry-cured Parma ham. Standard arrays of surfaces were sampled in processing facilities during a single visit per plant in the three compartments of the food chain, i.e., ham production (19 plants) and postproduction, which was divided into deboning (43 plants) and slicing (25 plants) steps. The numbers of sampled surfaces were 384 in ham production, with 25 positive for L. monocytogenes, and 1,084 in postproduction, with 83 positives. Statistical analysis of the prevalence of contaminated surfaces showed that in ham production, contamination was higher at the beginning of processing and declined significantly toward the end, while in postproduction, prevalence rose toward the end of processing. Prevalence was higher in the deboning facilities than in slicing facilities and was dependent on the type of surface (floor/drainage > clothing > equipment). The qualitative pattern of contamination was investigated through an analysis of the survey isolates and a set of isolates derived from routine monitoring, including longitudinal isolations. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis revealed a remarkable clonality of L. monocytogenes within plants, with the detection of 16 plant-specific clones out of 17 establishments with multiple isolates. Repeated detections of clonal isolates >6 months apart were also observed. Six was the maximum number of between-isolate differences in core SNPs observed within these clones. Based on the same six-SNP threshold, three clusters of clonal isolates, shared by six establishments, were also identified. The spread of L. monocytogenes within and between plants, as indicated by its clonal behavior, is a matter of concern for the hygienic management of establishments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Morganti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Sezione di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Sezione di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Cozzolino
- Official Veterinary Service, Local Health Unit of Parma (AUSL), Parma, Italy Department of Public Health, Local Health Unit of Parma (AUSL), Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Bolzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Sezione di Parma, Parma, Italy Direzione Sanitaria, Servizio di Analisi del Rischio, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Casadei
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Sezione di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Pierantoni
- Official Veterinary Service, Local Health Unit of Parma (AUSL), Parma, Italy
| | - Emanuela Foni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Sezione di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Pongolini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Sezione di Parma, Parma, Italy Direzione Sanitaria, Servizio di Analisi del Rischio, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), Parma, Italy
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31
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Garner D, Kathariou S. Fresh Produce-Associated Listeriosis Outbreaks, Sources of Concern, Teachable Moments, and Insights. J Food Prot 2016; 79:337-44. [PMID: 26818997 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne transmission of Listeria monocytogenes was first demonstrated through the investigation of the 1981 Maritime Provinces outbreak involving coleslaw. In the following two decades, most listeriosis outbreaks involved foods of animal origin, e.g., deli meats, hot dogs, and soft cheeses. L. monocytogenes serotype 4b, especially epidemic clones I, II, and Ia, were frequently implicated in these outbreaks. However, since 2008 several outbreaks have been linked to diverse types of fresh produce: sprouts, celery, cantaloupe, stone fruit, and apples. The 2011 cantaloupe-associated outbreak was one of the deadliest foodborne outbreaks in recent U.S. history. This review discusses produce-related outbreaks of listeriosis with a focus on special trends, unusual findings, and potential paradigm shifts. With the exception of sprouts, implicated produce types were novel, and outbreaks were one-time events. Several involved serotype 1/2a, and in the 2011 cantaloupe-associated outbreak, serotype 1/2b was for the first time conclusively linked to a common-source outbreak of invasive listeriosis. Also in this outbreak, for the first time multiple strains were implicated in a common-source outbreak. In 2014, deployment of whole genome sequencing as part of outbreak investigation validated this technique as a pivotal tool for outbreak detection and speedy resolution. In spite of the unusual attributes of produce-related outbreaks, in all but one of the investigated cases (the possible exception being the coleslaw outbreak) contamination was traced to the same sources as those for outbreaks associated with other vehicles (e.g., deli meats), i.e., the processing environment and equipment. The public health impact of farm-level contamination remains uncharacterized. This review highlights knowledge gaps regarding virulence and other potentially unique attributes of produce outbreak strains, the potential for novel fresh produce items to become unexpectedly implicated in outbreaks, and the key role of good control strategies in the processing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danisha Garner
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624, USA
| | - Sophia Kathariou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7624, USA.
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32
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Uncovering Listeria monocytogenes hypervirulence by harnessing its biodiversity. Nat Genet 2016; 48:308-313. [PMID: 26829754 PMCID: PMC4768348 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbial pathogenesis studies are typically performed with reference strains, thereby overlooking microbial intra-species virulence heterogeneity. Here we integrated human epidemiological and clinical data with bacterial population genomics to harness the biodiversity of the model foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and decipher the basis of its neural and placental tropisms. Taking advantage of the clonal structure of this bacterial species, we identify clones epidemiologically associated with either food or human central nervous system (CNS) and maternal-neonatal (MN) listeriosis. The latter are also most prevalent in patients without immunosuppressive comorbidities. Strikingly, CNS and MN clones are hypervirulent in a humanized mouse model of listeriosis. By integrating epidemiological data and comparative genomics, we uncovered multiple novel putative virulence factors and demonstrated experimentally the contribution of the first gene cluster mediating Listeria monocytogenes neural and placental tropisms. This study illustrates the exceptional power of harnessing microbial biodiversity to identify clinically relevant microbial virulence attributes.
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33
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The evolution and epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes in Europe and the United States. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 35:172-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Doijad S, Weigel M, Barbuddhe S, Blom J, Goesmann A, Hain T, Chakraborty T. Phylogenomic grouping of Listeria monocytogenes. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:637-46. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The precise delineation of lineages and clonal groups are a prerequisite to examine within-species genetic variations, particularly with respect to pathogenic potential. A whole-genome-based approach was used to subtype and subgroup isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. Core-genome typing was performed, employing 3 different approaches: total core genes (CG), high-scoring segment pairs (HSPs), and average nucleotide identity (ANI). Examination of 113 L. monocytogenes genomes available in-house and in public domains revealed 33 phylogenomic groups (PGs). Each PG could be differentiated into a number of genomic types (GTs), depending on the approach used: HSPs (n = 57 GTs), CG (n = 71 GTs), and ANI (n = 83 GTs). Demarcation of the PGs was concordant with the 4 known lineages and led to the identification of sublineages in the lineage groups I, II, and III. In addition, PG assignments had discriminatory power similar to multi-virulence-locus sequence typing types and clonal complexes of multilocus sequence typing. Clustering of genomically highly similar isolates from different countries, sources, and isolation dates using whole-genome-based PG suggested that dispersion of phylogenomic clones of L. monocytogenes preceded their subsequent evolution. Classification according to PG may act as a guideline for future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Doijad
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany 35392
| | - Markus Weigel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany 35392
| | - Sukhadeo Barbuddhe
- National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany 35392
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany 35392
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany 35392
| | - Trinad Chakraborty
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany 35392
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35
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Nho SW, Abdelhamed H, Reddy S, Karsi A, Lawrence ML. Identification of high-risk Listeria monocytogenes serotypes in lineage I (serotype 1/2a, 1/2c, 3a and 3c) using multiplex PCR. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:845-52. [PMID: 26095922 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Using molecular subtyping techniques, Listeria monocytogenes is divided into three major phylogenetic lineages, and a multiplex PCR method can differentiate five L. monocytogenes subgroups: 1/2a-3a, 1/2c-3c, 1/2b-3b-7, 4b-4d-4e and 4a-4c. In this study, we conducted genome comparisons and evaluated serotype-associated genes for their utility as a multiplex PCR-based method for distinguishing high-risk serotypes 1/2a and 1/2c in lineage I from low-risk serotypes 3a and 3c. METHODS AND RESULTS Primer sets were developed that are specific for serotype 1/2c (LMOSLCC2372_0308) and serotype 3a (LMLG_0742). These primers were then tested in a multiplex format with primers specific for serotype 1/2a (flaA) to separate serotypes 1/2a, 1/2c, 3a and 3c using 25 strains of lineage I L. monocytogenes. CONCLUSIONS Here, for the first time, we report primers specific for L. monocytogenes serotype 1/2c and serotype 3a, and we demonstrate a multiplex PCR method for separating the four serotypes of lineage I L. monocytogenes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The described multiplex PCR assay consistently showed successful separation of 1/2a and 1/2c strains from 3a and 3c strains. PCR is routinely performed in many diagnostic and epidemiologic investigations for L. monocytogenes, and these primers should increase the feasibility and accessibility of L. monocytogenes serotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Nho
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - H Abdelhamed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - S Reddy
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - A Karsi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - M L Lawrence
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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36
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Clonogrouping, a Rapid Multiplex PCR Method for Identification of Major Clones of Listeria monocytogenes. J Clin Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26224848 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00738-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three multiplex PCR assays were developed to identify the 11 most common Listeria monocytogenes clones in clinical and food samples; 270 (95.7%) of 282 strains of serogroups IVb, IIb, IIa, and IIc were identified accurately. This novel tool is a rapid and efficient alternative to multilocus sequence typing for identification of L. monocytogenes clones.
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Guldimann C, Bärtschi M, Frey J, Zurbriggen A, Seuberlich T, Oevermann A. Increased spread and replication efficiency of Listeria monocytogenes in organotypic brain-slices is related to multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) complex. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:134. [PMID: 26138984 PMCID: PMC4490720 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria (L.) monocytogenes causes fatal infections in many species including ruminants and humans. In ruminants, rhombencephalitis is the most prevalent form of listeriosis. Using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) we recently showed that L. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases are distributed over three genetic complexes (designated A, B and C). However, the majority of rhombencephalitis strains and virtually all those isolated from cattle cluster in MLVA complex A, indicating that strains of this complex may have increased neurotropism and neurovirulence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ruminant rhombencephalitis strains have an increased ability to propagate in the bovine hippocampal brain-slice model and can be discriminated from strains of other sources. For this study, forty-seven strains were selected and assayed on brain-slice cultures, a bovine macrophage cell line (BoMac) and a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). They were isolated from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases (n = 21) and other sources including the environment, food, human neurolisteriosis cases and ruminant/human non-encephalitic infection cases (n = 26). RESULTS All but one L. monocytogenes strain replicated in brain slices, irrespectively of the source of the isolate or MLVA complex. The replication of strains from MLVA complex A was increased in hippocampal brain-slice cultures compared to complex C. Immunofluorescence revealed that microglia are the main target cells for L. monocytogenes and that strains from MLVA complex A caused larger infection foci than strains from MLVA complex C. Additionally, they caused larger plaques in BoMac cells, but not CaCo-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our brain slice model data shows that all L. monocytogenes strains should be considered potentially neurovirulent. Secondly, encephalitis strains cannot be conclusively discriminated from non-encephalitis strains with the bovine organotypic brain slice model. The data indicates that MLVA complex A strains are particularly adept at establishing encephalitis possibly by virtue of their higher resistance to antibacterial defense mechanisms in microglia cells, the main target of L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guldimann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Graduate school for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Michelle Bärtschi
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Joachim Frey
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Zurbriggen
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Torsten Seuberlich
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Neurocenter, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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38
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Chen J, Lin Y, Wang Y, Jia L. Cationic polyelectrolyte functionalized magnetic particles assisted highly sensitive pathogens detection in combination with polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 991:59-67. [PMID: 25913425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality to humans. There is a pressing need to establish a simple and reliable method to detect them. Herein, we show that magnetic particles (MPs) can be functionalized by poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), and the particles (PDDA-MPs) can be utilized as adsorbents for capture of pathogenic bacteria from aqueous solution based on electrostatic interaction. The as-prepared PDDA-MPs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption equilibrium time can be achieved in 3min. According to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacities for E. coli O157:H7 (Gram-negative bacteria) and L. monocytogenes (Gram-positive bacteria) were calculated to be 1.8×10(9) and 3.1×10(9)cfumg(-1), respectively. The bacteria in spiked mineral water (1000mL) can be completely captured when applying 50mg of PDDA-MPs and an adsorption time of 5min. In addition, PDDA-MPs-based magnetic separation method in combination with polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis allows for rapid detection of 10(1)cfumL(-1) bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yuexin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Li Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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39
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Spanu C, Scarano C, Ibba M, Spanu V, De Santis EPL. Occurrence and traceability of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from sheep's milk cheese-making plants environment. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Shi W, Qingping W, Jumei Z, Moutong C, Zéan Y. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from retail ready-to-eat foods in China. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Martín B, Perich A, Gómez D, Yangüela J, Rodríguez A, Garriga M, Aymerich T. Diversity and distribution of Listeria monocytogenes in meat processing plants. Food Microbiol 2014; 44:119-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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42
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Hurley D, Luque-Sastre L, DeLappe N, Moore JE, Cormican M, Jordan KN, Fanning S, Fox EM. Comparison of Listeria monocytogenes isolates across the island of Ireland. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1402-6. [PMID: 25198604 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Building a comprehensive knowledge base of the association of Listeria monocytogenes isolates across national food chains, clinical cases, and environments can play a key role in helping control the incidence of listeriosis. Today, many food chains cross national borders and are often shared by neighboring countries. This study characterized L. monocytogenes isolated from food samples in Northern Ireland and investigated whether similarities in the population and associations of L. monocytogenes strains exist in the neighboring countries of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, which together constitute the island of Ireland. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were characterized using serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping. This data was then interrogated against existing data for the Republic of Ireland, to identify any shared trends in the ecology and contamination patterns of L. monocytogenes strains. The results of this study indicated that contaminated food products often shared L. monocytogenes strains with other products. A total of six different strain subtypes were identified among 18 contaminated products. Overall strain diversity in positive samples was low, with no sample yielding more than one L. monocytogenes strain, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping. When comparisons against an Irish strain database were performed, many related strain subtypes were also shared by a variety of sources in the Republic of Ireland. This study highlights the potential benefits that a whole-island surveillance approach may present to food safety and public health in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hurley
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Laura Luque-Sastre
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Niall DeLappe
- Department of Bacteriology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - John E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 AD, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Martin Cormican
- Department of Bacteriology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kieran N Jordan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Edward M Fox
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia.
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43
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Doijad S, Lomonaco S, Poharkar K, Garg S, Knabel S, Barbuddhe S, Jayarao B. Multi-Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing of 4bListeria monocytogenesIsolates Obtained from Different Sources in India over a 10-Year Period. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:511-6. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Doijad
- ICAR Research Complex for Goa, Old Goa, Goa, India
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara Lomonaco
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Sandeep Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Stephen Knabel
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Bhushan Jayarao
- Penn State Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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44
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Ochiai Y, Mochizuki M, Yamada F, Takano T, Hondo R, Ueda F. Genetic Classification of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b Strains, Including Epidemic Clones, Isolated from Retail Meat in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Jpn J Infect Dis 2014; 67:258-63. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.67.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Haase JK, Didelot X, Lecuit M, Korkeala H, Achtman M. The ubiquitous nature ofListeria monocytogenesclones: a large-scale Multilocus Sequence Typing study. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:405-16. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana K. Haase
- Environmental Research Institute; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Xavier Didelot
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur; Biology of Infection Unit; National Reference Centre and WHO collaborating centre for Listeria; Inserm Unit 1117 Paris France
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital; APHP; Paris France
| | | | - Mark Achtman
- Environmental Research Institute; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
- Warwick Medical School; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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46
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"Epidemic clones" of Listeria monocytogenes are widespread and ancient clonal groups. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:3770-9. [PMID: 24006010 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01874-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is genetically heterogeneous. Although some clonal groups have been implicated in multiple outbreaks, there is currently no consensus on how "epidemic clones" should be defined. The objectives of this work were to compare the patterns of sequence diversity on two sets of genes that have been widely used to define L. monocytogenes clonal groups: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MvLST). Further, we evaluated the diversity within clonal groups by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Based on 125 isolates of diverse temporal, geographical, and source origins, MLST and MvLST genes (i) had similar patterns of sequence polymorphisms, recombination, and selection, (ii) provided concordant phylogenetic clustering, and (iii) had similar discriminatory power, which was not improved when we combined both data sets. Inclusion of representative strains of previous outbreaks demonstrated the correspondence of epidemic clones with previously recognized MLST clonal complexes. PFGE analysis demonstrated heterogeneity within major clones, most of which were isolated decades before their involvement in outbreaks. We conclude that the "epidemic clone" denominations represent a redundant but largely incomplete nomenclature system for MLST-defined clones, which must be regarded as successful genetic groups that are widely distributed across time and space.
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47
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Efficacy of different antimicrobials on inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth in laboratory medium and on cold-smoked salmon. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:265-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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48
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Liu D. Molecular approaches to the identification of pathogenic and nonpathogenic listeriae. Microbiol Insights 2013; 6:59-69. [PMID: 24826075 PMCID: PMC3987759 DOI: 10.4137/mbi.s10880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Listeria consists of a closely related group of Gram-positive bacteria that commonly occur in the environment and demonstrate varied pathogenic potential. Of the 10 species identified to date, L. monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen of both humans and animals, L. ivanovii mainly infects ungulates (eg., sheep and cattle), while other species (L. innocua, L. seeligeri, L. welshimeri, L. grayi, L. marthii, L. rocourtiae, L. fleischmannii and L. weihenstephanensis) are essentially saprophytes. Within the species of L. monocytogenes, several serovars (e.g., 4b, 1/2a, 1/2b and 1/2c) are highly pathogenic and account for a majority of clinical isolations. Due to their close morphological, biological, biochemical and genetic similarities, laboratory identification of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria organisms is technically challenging. With the development and application of various molecular approaches, accurate and rapid discrimination of pathogenic and nonpathogenic Listeria organisms, as well as pathogenic and nonpathogenic L. monocytogenes strains, has become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyou Liu
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Biosecurity Quality Assurance Programs, NSW, Australia
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49
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Rocha PRD, Lomonaco S, Bottero MT, Dalmasso A, Dondo A, Grattarola C, Zuccon F, Iulini B, Knabel SJ, Capucchio MT, Casalone C. Ruminant rhombencephalitis-associated Listeria monocytogenes strains constitute a genetically homogeneous group related to human outbreak strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:3059-66. [PMID: 23455337 PMCID: PMC3623162 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00219-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a disease that causes significant economic losses at the farm level because of high morbidity and mortality in ruminants. This study was performed to investigate the role of ruminants in the epidemiology of listeriosis in northern Italy and the possible association of animal-adapted strains of Listeria monocytogenes with strains associated with human disease. Twenty ruminant rhombencephalitis isolates previously confirmed as L. monocytogenes by bacteriology and PCR were characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST), and multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism (mSNP) typing for the detection of epidemic clones. Subtyping results were subsequently compared with those obtained from human, food, and environmental isolates of L. monocytogenes, including 311 isolates from the University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy, and 165 isolates representing major human listeriosis outbreaks worldwide, in addition to other unrelated isolates. Both mSNP typing and MVLST showed that 60% of the isolates analyzed belonged to epidemic clone I (ECI), which has been epidemiologically linked to several human outbreaks of listeriosis. In particular, the 1981 Canada outbreak was linked to the use of sheep manure and the 1985 California outbreak was linked to the use of raw cow's milk. In our study, ECI isolates were collected from different ruminant species on geographically and temporally distinct occasions for the last 13 years. Our results support the hypothesis that ruminants represent possible natural reservoirs of L. monocytogenes strains capable of causing epidemics of listeriosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Lomonaco
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandro Dondo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Grattarola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Zuccon
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Iulini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Stephen John Knabel
- Department of Food Science, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Cristina Casalone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale di Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
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50
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Optimized Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis assay and its complementarity with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing for Listeria monocytogenes clone identification and surveillance. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:1868-80. [PMID: 23576539 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00606-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations of the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes are genetically structured into a small number of major clonal groups, some of which have been implicated in multiple outbreaks. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate an optimized multilocus variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) subtyping scheme for strain discrimination and clonal group identification. We evaluated 18 VNTR loci and combined the 11 best ones into two multiplexed PCR assays (MLVA-11). A collection of 255 isolates representing the diversity of clonal groups within phylogenetic lineages I and II, including representatives of epidemic clones, were analyzed by MLVA-11, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). MLVA-11 had less discriminatory power than PFGE, except for some clones, and was unable to distinguish some epidemiologically unrelated isolates. Yet it distinguished all major MLST clones and therefore constitutes a rapid method to identify epidemiologically relevant clonal groups. Given its high reproducibility and high throughput, MLVA represents a very attractive first-line screening method to alleviate the PFGE workload in outbreak investigations and listeriosis surveillance.
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