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Aslostovar L, Boyd AL, Benoit YD, Di Lu J, Garcia Rodriguez JL, Nakanishi M, Porras DP, Reid JC, Mitchell RR, Leber B, Xenocostas A, Foley R, Bhatia M. Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling allows selective therapeutic targeting of neoplastic progenitors in AML patients. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100202. [PMID: 33665638 PMCID: PMC7897800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of dopamine receptors (DRDs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells has encouraged the repurposing of DRD antagonists such as thioridazine (TDZ) as anti-leukemic agents. Here, we access patient cells from a Phase I dose escalation trial to resolve the cellular and molecular bases of response to TDZ, and we extend these findings to an additional independent cohort of AML patient samples tested preclinically. We reveal that in DRD2+ AML patients, DRD signaling in leukemic progenitors provides leukemia-exclusive networks of sensitivity that spare healthy hematopoiesis. AML progenitor cell suppression can be increased by the isolation of the positive enantiomer from the racemic TDZ mixture (TDZ+), and this is accompanied by reduced cardiac liability. Our study indicates that the development of DRD-directed therapies provides a targeting strategy for a subset of AML patients and potentially other cancers that acquire DRD expression upon transformation from healthy tissue. Leukemic progenitors are a critical cellular target of DRD2 antagonist TDZ DRD2 protein expression is a reliable biomarker of TDZ response DRD2 antagonism selectively triggers leukemic maturation programs via cyclic AMP An enantiomer of TDZ displays a superior efficacy:risk ratio relative to racemic TDZ
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Aslostovar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Di Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mio Nakanishi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna P Porras
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Reid
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan R Mitchell
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Hussain M, Tang F, Liu J, Zhang J, Javeed A. Dichotomous role of protein kinase A type I (PKAI) in the tumor microenvironment: a potential target for 'two-in-one' cancer chemoimmunotherapeutics. Cancer Lett 2015; 369:9-19. [PMID: 26276720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An emerging trend in cancer chemoimmunotherapeutics is to develop 'two-in-one' therapies, which directly inhibit tumor growth and progression, as well as enhance anti-tumor immune surveillance. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a cAMP-dependent protein kinase that mediates signal transduction of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The regulatory subunit of PKA exists in two isoforms, RI and RII, which distinguish the PKA isozymes, PKA type I (PKAI) and PKA type II (PKAII). The differential expression of both PKA isozymes has long been linked to growth regulation and differentiation. RI/PKAI is particularly implicated in cellular proliferation and neoplastic transformation. Emerging experimental and pre-clinical data also indicate that RI/PKAI plays a key role in tumor-induced immune suppression. More briefly, RI/PKAI possesses a dichotomous role in the tumor microenvironment: not only contributes to tumor growth and progression, but also takes part in tumor-induced suppression of the innate and adaptive arms of anti-tumor immunosurveillance. This review specifically discusses this dichotomous role of RI/PKAI with respect to 'two-in-one' chemoimmunotherapeutic manipulation. The reviewed experimental and pre-clinical data provide the proof of concept validation that RI/PKAI may be regarded as an attractive target for a new, single-targeted, 'two hit' chemoimmunotherapeutic approach against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Hussain
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jiancun Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Davicino R, Genaro AM, Cremaschi G, Anesini C. Leukotrienes antagonize the antiproliferative effect of Larrea divaricata Cav. on a lymphoma cell line interfering with cAMP intracellular level and PKC activity. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:29-36. [PMID: 21166496 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2010.535058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Larrea divaricata exerts a dual effect on the proliferation of BW5147 cells. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of leukotrienes on the antiproliferative action of the extract in relation to cyclic adenosine monophosphate production and protein kinase C activation. The extracts induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate and inhibited protein kinase C but induced leukotriene B4 production, which exerted contrary effects. These results suggest the finding of an extract free of compounds, which can increase leukotriene B4 level, in order to obtain a more active extract to be used in the treatment of lymphomas, positively modulated by leukotrienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Davicino
- IQUIMEFA-CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina,1 CEFYBO-CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Takahashi A, Kato K, Kuboyama A, Inoue T, Tanaka Y, Kuhara A, Kinoshita K, Takeda S, Wake N. Induction of senescence by progesterone receptor-B activation in response to cAMP in ovarian cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 2009; 113:270-6. [PMID: 19211137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2008.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progesterone receptor (PR) expression is a favorable prognostic marker in ovarian cancer. We previously demonstrated that the induction of PR-B by treatment with cAMP was associated with G0/G1 arrest of the cell cycle and growth inhibition in NIH 3T3 cells. In this study, we examined the effect of cAMP treatment on cell growth in Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells and ovarian cancer cells. METHODS 1) The levels of PR-B and cell cycle associated proteins (p21, p27 and Rb) following treatment with cAMP in the Ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells (K12V) and ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV cells) were investigated by Western blots. 2) The effects of PR overexpression following treatment with cAMP or after infection of an adenovirus expressing PR-B on cell growth and tumorigenicity in a soft agar culture were examined. RESULTS 1) Treatment with cAMP increased PR-B and p27 levels in K12V cells and inhibited cell growth by inducing premature senescence. Induction of senescence was specific to the transformed cells. 2) In SKOV cells, treatment with cAMP induced PR-B, p27 and p21 expression, reduced the level of phosphorylated Rb, caused accumulation of cells in the G0/G1 fraction of the cell cycle, and induced senescence. 3) Both anchorage-dependent and -independent SKOV cell growths were inhibited by cAMP treatment. 4) Induction of both the expression and transcriptional activity of PR-B is critical for the induction of senescence and suppression of tumorigenicity. CONCLUSION Treatment of cAMP, through activation of PR-B, induced senescence and suppressed tumorigenicity in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Li L, Wang J, Ye RD, Shi G, Jin H, Tang X, Yi J. PML/RARalpha fusion protein mediates the unique sensitivity to arsenic cytotoxicity in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells: Mechanisms involve the impairment of cAMP signaling and the aberrant regulation of NADPH oxidase. J Cell Physiol 2008; 217:486-93. [PMID: 18636556 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells are characterized by PML/RARalpha fusion protein, high responsiveness to arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced cytotoxicity and an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study we investigated the association among these three features in APL-derived NB4 cells. We found that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation was more abundant in NB4 cells compared with monocytic leukemia U937 cells. By using PR9, a sub-line of U937 stably transduced with the inducible PML/RARalpha expression vectors, we attributed disparities on ROS generation and ATO sensitivity to the occurrence of PML/RARalpha fusion protein, since PML/RARalpha-expressing cells appeared higher NADPH oxidase activity, higher ROS level and higher sensitivity to ATO. On the other hand, the basal intensity of cAMP signaling pathway was compared between NB4 and U937 as well as between PR9 cells with or without PML/RARalpha, demonstrating that PML/RARalpha-expressing cells had an impaired cAMP signaling pathway which relieved its inhibitory effect on NADPH oxidase derived ROS generation. In summary, the present study demonstrated the correlation of PML/RARalpha with cAMP signaling pathway, NADPH oxidase and ROS generation in APL cells. PML/RARalpha that bestows NB4 cells various pathological features, paradoxically also endows these cells with the basis for susceptibility to ATO-induced cytotoxcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingna Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of The Education Ministry for Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis, Institutes of Medical Sciencies, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sang Cho-Chung Y. Overview: Oncologic, Endocrine & Metabolic Antisense oligonucleotides for the treatment of cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.3.12.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Zhu B, Zhang LH, Zhao YM, Cui JR, Strada SJ. 8-chloroadenosine induced HL-60 cell growth inhibition, differentiation, and G(0)/G(1) arrest involves attenuated cyclin D1 and telomerase and up-regulated p21(WAF1/CIP1). J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:166-77. [PMID: 16173047 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
8-Chloroadenosine, an active dephosphorylated metabolite of the antineoplastic agent 8-chloroadenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP), induces growth inhibition in multiple carcinomas. Here we report that 8-chloroadenosine inhibits growth in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells by a G(0)/G(1) phase arrest and terminates cell differentiation along the granulocytic lineage. The mechanism of 8-chloroadenosine-induced G(0)/G(1) arrest is independent of apoptosis. The expressions of cyclin D1 and c-myc in HL-60 are suppressed by 8-chloroadenosine, whereas the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1) is up-regulated. 8-Chloroadenosine has less effect on the expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)2 and cdk4, G(1) phase cyclin-dependent kinases, and only moderately induces the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and the mitotic inhibitor p27(KIP1). Telomerase activity is reduced in extracts of 8-chloroadenosine treated HL-60 cells, but 8-chloroadenosine does not directly inhibit the catalytic activity of telomerase in vitro. Therefore, anti-proliferation of HL-60 cells by 8-chloroadenosine involves coordination of cyclin D1 suppression, reduction of telomerase activity, and up-regulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) that arrest cell-cycle progression at G(0)/G(1) phase and terminate cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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8
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Zhao Q, Tao J, Zhu Q, Jia PM, Dou AX, Li X, Cheng F, Waxman S, Chen GQ, Chen SJ, Lanotte M, Chen Z, Tong JH. Rapid induction of cAMP/PKA pathway during retinoic acid-induced acute promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation. Leukemia 2004; 18:285-92. [PMID: 14628075 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In the present work, we evaluated the cAMP signaling in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells in the context of differentiation induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). There was a marked increase in the intracellular cAMP level within a few minutes after treatment with ATRA in APL cell line NB4 and fresh APL cells, whereas no such phenomenon was observed in NB4-R1 cells that are resistant to ATRA-induced maturation. In addition, the basal level of intracellular cAMP was lower in NB4-R1 than in NB4 cells. Mechanistic study showed that this induction of cAMP was mediated through the activation of adenylate cyclase. Moreover, we found that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity was quickly upregulated in parallel in ATRA-treated NB4 cells, and the phosphorylation of RARalpha by PKA could increase its transactivation effect. Use of H-89, an inhibitor of PKA, could partially suppress the transcriptional expression of ATRA target genes and ATRA-induced differentiation of APL cells. Taken together, we suggested a crosstalk between ATRA-induced cytosolic pathway and nuclear pathway in APL cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhao
- State Key Lab for Human Genome Research (SKLHGR), Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Samuel Waxman Cancer Research Foundation Laboratory of Shanghai Second Medical University (SSMU), Shanghai, China
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9
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Perrotta S, Nobili B, Rossi F, Criscuolo M, Iolascon A, Di Pinto D, Passaro I, Cennamo L, Oliva A, Della Ragione F. Infant hypervitaminosis A causes severe anemia and thrombocytopenia: evidence of a retinol-dependent bone marrow cell growth inhibition. Blood 2002; 99:2017-22. [PMID: 11877274 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v99.6.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a pivotal biochemical factor required for normal proliferation and differentiation as well as for specialized functions, such as vision. The dietary intake of 1500 IU/day is recommended in the first year of life. Here, we report the case of an infant who had been given 62 000 IU/day for 80 days. The infant showed several clinical signs of retinol intoxication, including severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow showed a remarkably reduced number of erythroid and megakaryocytic cells. The interruption of vitamin A treatment was immediately followed by clinical and biochemical recovery. To clarify whether the effects of retinol are due to a direct action on bone marrow cell proliferation, we investigated the activity of retinol (both the drug and the pure molecule) on the growth of K-562, a multipotent hematopoietic cell line, and on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. We observed that vitamin A strongly inhibited the proliferation of the cells at concentrations similar to those reached in vivo. Subsequent biochemical analyses of the cell cycle suggested that the effect was mediated by the up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1). These are the first findings to demonstrate that infant hypervitaminosis A causes a severe anemia and thrombocytopenia and that this is probably due to the direct effect of the molecule on the growth of all bone marrow cellular components. Our data also suggest potential bone marrow functional alterations after excessive vitamin A intake because of emerging social habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics F. Cedrangolo, Second University of Naples, Via S. Andrea delle Dame 4, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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10
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Kim SN, Ahn YH, Kim SG, Park SD, Cho-Chung YS, Hong SH. 8-Cl-cAMP induces cell cycle-specific apoptosis in human cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2001; 93:33-41. [PMID: 11391618 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
8-Cl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP) has been known to induce growth inhibition and differentiation in a variety of cancer cells by differential modulation of protein kinase A isozymes. To understand the anticancer activity of 8-Cl-cAMP further, we investigated the effect of 8-Cl-cAMP on apoptosis in human cancer cells. Most of the tested human cancer cells exhibited apoptosis upon treatment with 8-Cl-cAMP, albeit with different sensitivity. Among them, SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and HL60 leukemic cells showed the most extensive apoptosis. The effect of 8-Cl-cAMP was not reproduced by other cAMP analogues or cAMP-elevating agents, showing that the effect of 8-Cl-cAMP was not caused by simple activation of protein kinase A (PKA). However, competition experiments showed that the binding of 8-Cl-cAMP to the cAMP receptor was essential for the induction of apoptosis. After the treatment of 8-Cl-cAMP, cells initially accumulated at the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle and then apoptosis began to occur among the population of cells at the S/G2/M cell cycle phases, indicating that the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced apoptosis is closely related to cell cycle control. In support of this assumption, 8-Cl-cAMP-induced apoptosis was blocked by concomitant treatment with mimosine, which blocks the cell cycle at early S phase. Interestingly, 8-Cl-cAMP did not induce apoptosis in primary cultured normal cells and non-transformed cell lines, showing that 8-Cl-cAMP-induced apoptosis is specific to transformed cells. Taken together, our results show that the induction of apoptosis is one of the mechanisms through which 8-Cl-cAMP exerts anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Kim SN, Kim SG, Park JH, Lee MA, Park SD, Cho-Chung YS, Hong SH. Dual anticancer activity of 8-Cl-cAMP: inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptotic cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 273:404-10. [PMID: 10873618 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
8-Cl-cAMP induces apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells. To look at this more closely, we examined the changes in the levels of Bcl-2 family proteins during 8-Cl-cAMP-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Following the treatment with 8-Cl-cAMP, Bcl-2 was transiently down-regulated and Bad was increased continuously up to day 5. In addition, overexpression of Bcl-2 efficiently blocked the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced apoptosis, suggesting Bcl-2 family proteins may be involved in the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced apoptosis. The contribution of the apoptotic cell death and the inhibition of cell proliferation in the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced growth inhibition was closely monitored in the Bcl-2-overexpressing cells. Though the apoptosis was reduced significantly, no significant difference was observed in the inhibition of cell proliferation up to day 2 of 8-Cl-cAMP treatment. These results suggest that 8-Cl-cAMP exerts anticancer activity by two distinct mechanisms, i.e. , through the inhibition of cell proliferation as well as the induction of apoptosis. Supporting this notion was the observations that (1) suppression of apoptosis by zVAD did not abrogate 8-Cl-cAMP-induced inhibition of cell proliferation, and (2) 8-Cl-cAMP did not show additive inhibition of cell proliferation in RIIbeta-overexpressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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12
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Keryer G, Skålhegg BS, Landmark BF, Hansson V, Jahnsen T, Taskén K. Differential localization of protein kinase A type II isozymes in the Golgi-centrosomal area. Exp Cell Res 1999; 249:131-46. [PMID: 10328961 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity in the action of cAMP may be mediated by compartmentalized pools of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). PKA type II is directed to different subcellular loci by interaction of the type II regulatory subunits (RIIalpha, RIIbeta) with A-kinase anchoring proteins. In order to separately investigate the subcellular localization of PKA type II isozymes, monospecific antibodies to human RIIalpha and RIIbeta subunits of PKA were developed. We demonstrate that centrosomes bind both RIIalpha and RIIbeta. Centrosomes were the preferred intracellular anchoring site for RIIbeta. However, centrosomal localization of RIIbeta was observed only in some highly differentiated cells such as keratinocytes, granulosa cells, and macrophages and in all neoplastic cell lines examined. Centrosomal localization of RIIbeta was not observed in normal undifferentiated cells such as fibroblasts, myoblasts, and T and B cells. In contrast, RIIalpha was abundant in the Golgi area and in the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Furthermore, although RIIalpha appeared to colocalize with microtubules in the Golgi/TGN, extractions with nonionic detergent demonstrated that RIIalpha was mainly membrane-associated. In addition, alterations of microtubule dynamics with Nocodazole or Taxol affected the distribution of the detergent-extractable pool of RIIalpha, indicating that RIIalpha may localize with microtubule-associated vesicles. Thus, RIIalpha and RIIbeta clearly localize differently in the Golgi-centrosomal region. This indicates specific roles for PKA isozymes containing either RIIalpha or RIIbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Keryer
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, INSERM Unité 427, Paris Cedex 06, F-75270, France
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13
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Cho-Chung YS. Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of serine/threonine kinases: an innovative approach to cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 1999; 82:437-49. [PMID: 10454218 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of genes that confer a growth advantage on neoplastic cells and the understanding of the genetic mechanism(s) responsible for their activation have made possible a direct genetic approach to cancer treatment using nucleic acid therapeutics. Moreover, the ability to block the expression of individual genes that promote carcinogenesis provides a powerful tool to explore the molecular basis of normal growth regulation, as well as the opportunity for therapeutic intervention. One technique for turning off a single activated gene is the use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and their analogs for inhibition of gene expression. The serine/threonine kinases are involved in mediating intracellular responses to external signals, such as growth factors, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and are involved in cell proliferation and oncogenesis. Described herein are recent studies supporting the potential use of oligonucleotides targeting these kinases as chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment. The serine/threonine kinases included here are protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and c-raf-1 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho-Chung
- Cellular Biochemistry Section, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1750, USA
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14
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Fassina G, Aluigi MG, Gentleman S, Wong P, Cai T, Albini A, Noonan DM. The cAMP analog 8-Cl-cAMP inhibits growth and induces differentiation and apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells. Int J Cancer 1997; 72:1088-94. [PMID: 9378544 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970917)72:6<1088::aid-ijc25>3.0.co;2-#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastomas appear to be derived from a multipotential stem cell of the retina, due to alterations of the Rb1 gene. These tumors arise only within a discrete time frame during childhood, prior to terminal differentiation of the retinal precursor cells. Treatment of retinoblastoma cells with certain agents can induce a partial differentiation of cell types resembling those of the mature retina, such as rod and cone photoreceptors, glia, conventional neurons and pigment epithelia. We have tested the effects of 8-Cl-cAMP, a synthetic analog of cAMP which preferentially binds to and activates the RII subunit of protein kinase A on the Y-79 retinoblastoma cell line in vitro. Y-79 cells treated with 8-Cl-cAMP produced short, branching processes and showed a substantial increase in staining for neuron-specific enolase, a marker for conventional neuronal differentiation. In contrast, dibutyryl-cAMP gives a strong increase in the glial marker glial acidic fibrillary protein. Y-79 cell proliferation was strongly inhibited by 8-Cl-cAMP at concentrations as low as 5-25 microM. 8-Cl-cAMP significantly increased the rate of apoptosis of Y-79 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It also modulated expression of the RI regulatory subunit of intracellular cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, which is produced in abnormal quantities by Y-79 cells. A decrease in protein production was observed, with no clear effect on the RI subunit mRNA expression, suggesting that RI regulation occurs post-transcriptionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fassina
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
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15
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Nesterova M, Yokozaki H, McDuffie E, Cho-Chung YS. Overexpression of RII beta regulatory subunit of protein kinase A in human colon carcinoma cell induces growth arrest and phenotypic changes that are abolished by site-directed mutation of RII beta. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1996; 235:486-94. [PMID: 8654392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
LS-174T human colon carcinoma cells that contain approximately equal amounts of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) isozymes, PKA-I and PKA-II, were infected with retroviral vectors coding for regulatory (R) and catalytic (C) subunits of human PKA. In cells overexpressing RII alpha, RII beta and RII beta-P (a RII beta mutant at the autophosphorylation site), PKA-II levels increased while PK-A levels decreased. PKA-I was almost completely eliminated in cells overexpressing RII beta or RII beta-P. In contrast, overexpression of either RI alpha or C alpha had little or no effect on PKA isozyme levels. Although all infectants expressed high levels of PKA subunit mRNAs in accordance with gene introduction, the R subunit protein expression was reflected in PKA isozyme levels rather than in subunit mRNA levels. Only RII beta infectants demonstrated marked growth inhibition in monolayer culture, reduced thymidine incorporation into DNA, and inability to grow in semisolid medium or in serum-free medium. Conversely, all other infectants displayed growth properties similar to uninfected parental cells. The growth-retardation properties of RII beta infectants were reflected in their altered phenotypic appearances. Our findings that the mutant RII beta-P could not mimic the growth-inhibitory effect of RII beta suggest the functional importance of the authophosphorylation site in RII beta. Our results suggest a role for RII beta in the suppression of neoplastic cell growth, and thus abnormal expression of R subunit isoforms of PKA may be involved in neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nesterova
- Celluar Biochemistry Section, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Cho-Chung YS. Protein kinase A-directed antisense restrains cancer growth: sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression. ANTISENSE & NUCLEIC ACID DRUG DEVELOPMENT 1996; 6:237-44. [PMID: 8915509 DOI: 10.1089/oli.1.1996.6.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of the RI alpha subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I has been shown in human cancer cell lines, in primary tumors, in cells after transformation, and in cells upon stimulation of growth. The sequence-specific inhibition of RI alpha gene expression by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide results in the differentiation of leukemia cells and growth arrest of cancer cells of epithelial origin. A single-injection RI alpha antisense treatment in vivo also causes a reduction in RI alpha expression and inhibition of tumor growth. Tumor cells behave like untransformed cells by making less protein kinase type I. The RI alpha antisense, which produces a biochemical imprint for growth control, requires infrequent dosing to restrain neoplastic growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Cho-Chung
- Cellular Biochemistry Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1750, USA
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17
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Scala S, Budillon A, Zhan Z, Cho-Chung YS, Jefferson J, Tsokos M, Bates SE. Downregulation of mdr-1 expression by 8-Cl-cAMP in multidrug resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Clin Invest 1995; 96:1026-34. [PMID: 7543490 PMCID: PMC286382 DOI: 10.1172/jci118088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
8-Cl-cAMP, a site-selective analogue of cAMP, decreased mdr-1 expression in multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cells. A sixfold reduction of mdr-1 mRNA expression by 8-Cl-cAMP began within 8 h of treatment and was associated with a decrease in the synthesis of P-glycoprotein and with an increase in vinblastine accumulation. A reduction in mdr-1 expression after 8-Cl-cAMP treatment was also observed in multidrug-resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines. 8-Cl-cAMP is known to change the ratio between the two regulatory subunits, RI and RII, of protein kinase A (PKA). We observed that RI alpha decreased within 24 h of 8-Cl-cAMP treatment, that RII beta increased after as few as 3 h of treatment, and that PKA catalytic activity remained unchanged during 48 h of 8-Cl-cAMP treatment. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that mdr-1 expression is regulated in part by changes in PKA isoenzyme levels. Although 8-Cl-cAMP has been used to differentiate cells in other model systems, the only differentiating effect that could be detected after 8-Cl-cAMP treatment in the MCF-7TH cells was an increase in cytokeratin expression. Evidence that the reduction of mdr-1 mRNA occurred at the level of gene transcription was obtained by measuring chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) mRNA in MCF-7TH cells transfected with an mdr-1 promoter-CAT construct prior to 8-Cl-cAMP treatment. Thus, 8-Cl-cAMP is able to downregulate mdr-1 expression and suggests a new approach to reversal of drug resistance in human breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives
- 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Base Sequence
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIIbeta Subunit
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/physiology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/physiology
- Keratins/biosynthesis
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Vinblastine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scala
- Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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18
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Vittet D, Duperray C, Chevillard C. Cyclic-AMP inhibits cell growth and negatively interacts with platelet membrane glycoprotein expression on the Dami human megakaryoblastic cell line. J Cell Physiol 1995; 163:645-55. [PMID: 7539815 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041630327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling processes by which hematopoietic growth factors regulate megakaryocytopoiesis remain incompletely understood. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been shown to be implicated in the regulation of growth and differentiation in various normal and malignant cell types. Since a few studies have suggested the possible involvement of the cAMP pathway as one of the intracellular mechanisms whereby megakaryocytopoiesis may be regulated, we investigated the functional effects of cAMP on the human megakaryoblastic Dami cell line. We observed that exposure of Dami cells to cAMP analogs or to agents elevating intracellular cAMP levels yielded dose-dependent cell growth inhibition. Cell cycle progression analysis of cells predominantly synchronized at the G1/S boundary by prior treatment with hydroxyurea revealed that cAMP transiently accumulated cells in the G2/M phase, then slowing down cell cycle. On the other hand, immunofluorescence and Northern blot analysis of megakaryocytic differentiation marker expression showed that probes we have used significantly inhibited GPIb expression. Moreover, although these agents used alone did not affect GPIIb/IIIa expression, they markedly reversed phorbol ester-induced GPIIb/IIIa expression increase. These inhibitory cAMP actions on glycoprotein expression were not the result of cell cycle perturbation since we observed that GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa expression were not cell cycle dependent. All these data may then be consistent with a potential negative regulatory role of the cAMP intracellular signaling pathway during megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vittet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité 300, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
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19
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Roger PP, Reuse S, Maenhaut C, Dumont JE. Multiple facets of the modulation of growth by cAMP. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1995; 51:59-191. [PMID: 7483330 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)61038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P P Roger
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Free University of Brussels, Belgium
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20
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Dorn GW, Davis MG, D'Angelo DD. Gene expression during phorbol ester-induced differentiation of cultured human megakaryoblastic cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1994; 266:C1231-9. [PMID: 8203487 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.5.c1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Platelet protein makeup is determined during transformation of megakaryoblasts to mature megakaryocytes, the immediate precursor of circulating platelets. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of megakaryocyte formation, gene expression was characterized by Northern analysis and RNA fingerprinting of cultured human CHRF-288 megakaryoblastic cells undergoing phorbol ester-stimulated megakaryocytic differentiation or serum-stimulated megakaryoblast proliferation. Protooncogenes c-fos and c-jun were coordinately upregulated in both proliferating and differentiating cells, whereas c-myc transcripts were upregulated during proliferation only. In contrast, mRNAs for transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and thromboxane receptors were coordinately upregulated during differentiation but differentially regulated during proliferation. RNA fingerprinting revealed multiple transcripts specific to either proliferating or differentiated cells. Three of these were identified by homology to known DNA sequence: CDw44 adhesion molecule (upregulated during differentiation), glutathione sulfhydryl peroxidase (downregulated during differentiation), and plectin cytoskeletal protein (upregulated during differentiation). Thus, although megakaryoblast proliferation and megakaryocyte differentiation both involve DNA and protein synthesis, each growth response is characterized by a distinct pattern of gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Division
- Cell Line
- DNA Primers
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes, fos/drug effects
- Genes, jun/drug effects
- Genes, myc/drug effects
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute
- Megakaryocytes/cytology
- Megakaryocytes/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Proto-Oncogenes/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Thromboxane/biosynthesis
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/biosynthesis
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Dorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0542
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21
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8-Cl-cAMP induces truncation and down-regulation of the RI alpha subunit and up-regulation of the RII beta subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase leading to type II holoenzyme-dependent growth inhibition and differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Jenny TF. Carbocyclic Analogs of Nucleosides. Part 3. Synthesis of a new sulfone analog of cyclic adenosine 3?,5?-monophosphate. Helv Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19930760118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Pinto A, Aldinucci D, Gattei V, Zagonel V, Tortora G, Budillon A, Cho-Chung YS. Inhibition of the self-renewal capacity of blast progenitors from acute myeloblastic leukemia patients by site-selective 8-chloroadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:8884-8. [PMID: 1329084 PMCID: PMC50028 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.19.8884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiologic balance between the two regulatory subunit isoforms, RI and RII, of cAMP-dependent protein kinase is disrupted in cancer cells; growth arrest and differentiation of malignant cells can be achieved when the normal ratio of these intracellular signal transducers of cAMP is restored by the use of site-selective cAMP analogs. In this study we evaluated the effects of the site-selective cAMP analog 8-chloroadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP) on clonogenic growth of blast progenitors from 15 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and 3 patients affected by advanced myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemic blast progenitors undergo terminal divisions, giving rise to colonies in methylcellulose. The self-renewal capacity of blast progenitors is conversely reflected in a secondary methylcellulose assay after exponential growth of clonogenic cells in suspension cultures. In all the samples tested, 8-Cl-cAMP, at micromolar concentrations (0.1-50 microM), suppressed in a dose-dependent manner both primary colony formation in methylcellulose and the recovery of clonogenic cells from suspension culture. Strikingly, in the samples from the entire group of patients, 8-Cl-cAMP was more effective in inhibiting the self-renewing clonogenic cells than the terminally dividing blast cells (P = 0.005). In addition, in four out of six cases studied, 8-Cl-cAMP was able to induce a morphologic and/or immunophenotypic maturation of leukemic blasts. An evident reduction of RI levels in fresh leukemic cells after exposure to 8-Cl-cAMP was also detected. Our results showing that 8-Cl-cAMP is a powerful inhibitor of clonogenic growth of leukemic blast progenitors by primarily suppressing their self-renewal capacity indicate that this site-selective cAMP analog represents a promising biological agent for acute myeloblastic leukemia therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pinto
- Leukemia Unit, Istituti Nazionali di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano, Italy
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24
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Fujihashi T, Ogata T, Ohkuma T, Endo T, Kaji A. Synthesis and Biological Action of a New Cyclic AMP Analogue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1080/07328319208021704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Brautigan DL, Pinault FM. Activation of membrane protein-tyrosine phosphatase involving cAMP- and Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:6696-700. [PMID: 1650478 PMCID: PMC52155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.15.6696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential to signal transduction are mechanisms of "cross-talk" to coordinate different pathways. This study shows that stimulation of serine/threonine protein kinases activates protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase; protein-tyrosine-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.48). More than 95% of intracellular PTPase was in the particulate fraction of various cell lines and was extracted with detergent as a 150-kDa complex that contained a 55-kDa catalytic subunit. The complex was activated by protease digestion, which changed its substrate specificity coincident with reduction in size. The complex was dissociated by treatment of the membrane fraction with 3 M LiBr. Treatment of intact cells with isoproterenol, forskolin, or cAMP analogues to stimulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) or with phorbol ester or dioctanoylglycerol to stimulate Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (PKC) produced activation of membrane PTPase complex without a change in its size. Inhibition of protein-serine/threonine phosphatases with okadaic acid or fluoride also resulted in activation of the membrane PTPase. These results support a model for regulation of PTPase by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of serine/threonine residues in a regulatory component complexed with the 55-kDa PTPase catalytic subunit. This mechanism may be important in regulating sensitivity to extracellular signals transduced via tyrosine phosphorylation and in the synchronization of events during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Brautigan
- Section of Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
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26
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Guadagni F, Tortora G, Roselli M, Clair T, Cho-Chung YS, Schlom J, Greiner JW. Carcinoembryonic antigen regulation in human colorectal tumor cells by a site-selective cyclic AMP analogue: a comparison with interferon-gamma. Int J Cancer 1991; 48:413-22. [PMID: 1645700 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910480319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of human colorectal tumor cells (LS174T, HT-29, and WiDr) with analogues of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (dibutyryl-cAMP and 8-Cl-cAMP) selectively enhances the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Dose and temporal kinetics results revealed that 8-Cl-cAMP was approximately 100-fold more potent than dibutyryl-cAMP for increasing CEA expression. Results demonstrated that 8-Cl-cAMP treatment of LS174T quantitatively increased CEA levels in cell extracts 2-fold, increased anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (MAb) binding to the tumor cell surface, and induced the appearance of CEA-related mRNA transcripts. The findings suggest that 8-Cl-cAMP is capable of regulating CEA expression at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels. Other human tumor cells, as well as normal cell types which do not constitutively express CEA, remained CEA-negative following 8-Cl-cAMP treatment. Moreover, the level of expression of other human tumor antigens as well as antigens of the major histocompatibility complex were not changed by 8-Cl-cAMP treatment, suggesting some selectivity for CEA regulation by this cAMP analogue. In vivo administration of 8-Cl-cAMP to athymic mice bearing LS174T tumor xenografts increased the amount of anti-CEA MAb bound to tumor extracts as well as the tumor localization of a radionuclide-conjugated anti-CEA MAb. The results indicate that 8-Cl-cAMP can selectively upregulate CEA expression on human colorectal tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, IFN-gamma treatment of the LS174T cells fails to enhance or induce expression of CEA or any of the histocompatibility leukocyte antigens. Thus, 8-Cl-cAMP treatment regulates CEA expression through another cellular pathway which may involve cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guadagni
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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27
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Bregman DB, Hirsch AH, Rubin CS. Molecular characterization of bovine brain P75, a high affinity binding protein for the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase II beta. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)89631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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28
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Differentiation of HL-60 leukemia by type I regulatory subunit antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:2011-5. [PMID: 2000408 PMCID: PMC51156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.5.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A marked decrease in the type I cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit (RI alpha) and an increase in the type II protein kinase regulatory subunit (RII beta) correlate with growth inhibition and differentiation induced in a variety of types of human cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, by site-selective cAMP analogs. To directly determine whether RI alpha is a growth-inducing protein essential for neoplastic cell growth, human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells were exposed to 21-mer RI alpha antisense oligodeoxynucleotide, and the effects on cell replication and differentiation were examined. The RI alpha antisense oligomer brought about growth inhibition and monocytic differentiation, bypassing the effects of an exogenous cAMP analog. These effects of RI alpha antisense oligodeoxynucleotide correlated with a decrease in RI alpha receptor and an increase in RII beta receptor level. The growth inhibition and differentiation were abolished, however, when these cells were exposed simultaneously to both RI alpha and RII beta antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. The RII beta antisense oligodeoxynucleotide alone has been previously shown to specifically block the differentiation inducible by cAMP analogs. These results provide direct evidence that RI alpha cAMP receptor plays a critical role in neoplastic cell growth and that cAMP receptor isoforms display specific roles in cAMP regulation of cell growth and differentiation.
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29
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Transcriptional activation of Gs alpha expression by retinoic acid and parathyroid hormone-related protein in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)30470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Alderson T. New targets for cancer chemotherapy--poly(ADP-ribosylation) processing and polyisoprene metabolism. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 1990; 65:623-41. [PMID: 2124932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.1990.tb01240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Alderson
- Department of Pharmacology, Cambridge University, UK
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31
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Type II regulatory subunit of protein kinase restores cAMP-dependent transcription in a cAMP-unresponsive cell line. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)44714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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32
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Hermouet S, Milligan G, Lanotte M. Reduction of adenylyl cyclase activity by cholera toxin in myeloid cells. Long-term down-regulation of Gs alpha subunits by cholera toxin treatment. FEBS Lett 1990; 267:221-5. [PMID: 2379582 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80929-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In IPC-81 cells, the adenylyl-cyclase activation by cholera toxin produces an elevation of cAMP that causes a rapid cytolysis. A resistant clone with deficient cholera toxin-induced cyclase activity (yet sensitive to cAMP) showed a rapid decrease in the amount of membrane-bound Gs alpha (42-47 kDa) detectable soon after ADP-ribosylation of these proteins; pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins (41 kDa) were not affected. Resistant cells showed a rapid decrease of Gs alpha that is consistent with the finding that cAMP did not accumulate in these cells. Cholera toxin treatment of resistant cells had long-lasting effects (several weeks) on the level of Gs alpha in the cell membrane. The duration of Gs alpha decrease does not correspond to the probable life of catalytically active cholera toxin in the cells, and suggests a regulated process more complex than a proteolytic degradation targeted on ADP-ribosylated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hermouet
- INSERM U301, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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33
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Gross RE, Lu XY, Rubin CS. Regulation of the expression of the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase II beta in Friend erythroleukemic cells. Evidence for posttranscriptional control and a central role for the C subunit. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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34
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Tortora G, Clair T, Cho-Chung YS. An antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeted against the type II beta regulatory subunit mRNA of protein kinase inhibits cAMP-induced differentiation in HL-60 leukemia cells without affecting phorbol ester effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:705-8. [PMID: 1689049 PMCID: PMC53334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.2.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The type II beta regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (RII beta) has been hypothesized to play an important role in the growth inhibition and differentiation induced by site-selective cAMP analogs in human cancer cells, but direct proof of this function has been lacking. To address this issue, HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells were exposed to RII beta antisense synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide, and the effects on cAMP-induced growth regulation were examined. Exposure of these cells to RII beta antisense oligodeoxynucleotide resulted in a decrease in cAMP analog-induced growth inhibition and differentiation without apparent effect on differentiation induced by phorbol esters. This loss in cAMP growth regulatory function correlated with a decrease in basal and induced levels of RII beta protein. Exposure to RII beta sense, RI alpha and RII alpha antisense, or irrelevant oligodeoxynucleotides had no such effect. These results show that the RII beta regulatory subunit of protein kinase plays a critical role in the cAMP-induced growth regulation of HL-60 leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tortora
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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35
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Mednieks MI, Yokozaki H, Merlo GR, Tortora G, Clair T, Ally S, Tahara E, Cho-Chung YS. Site-selective 8-Cl-cAMP which causes growth inhibition and differentiation increases DNA (CRE)-binding activity in cancer cells. FEBS Lett 1989; 254:83-8. [PMID: 2528474 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)81014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Control mechanisms of normal differentiation are disrupted in cancer cells but can be restored by treatment with site-selective cAMP analogs. The cellular events associated with such changes entail compartmental redistribution of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II regulatory subunit, RII beta. The results of this study indicate that the molecular mechanisms of action involve changes in specific DNA-binding activity of putative transcription factors. Gel retardation analyses revealed that nuclear extracts from cells of various human cancer cell lines [colon cancer (LS-174T), gastric cancer (TMK-1), and leukemia (K-562)] and rodent pheochromocytoma (PC12) show a concentration-dependent increase in binding activity to a synthetic DNA that contained the cAMP-responsive element 5'-TGACGTCA-3' after treatment with 8-Cl-cAMP. Such an increase in cAMP-responsive element binding activity was not observed in the 8-C1-cAMP-unresponsive MKN-1 gastric cancer cells. These findings indicate that the antitumor activity of site-selective cAMP analogs may reside in the induction of transcription factors that restore normal gene regulation in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Mednieks
- Department of Pediatrics, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, IL 60637
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