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Paddar MA, Wang F, Trosdal ES, Hendrix E, He Y, Salemi M, Mudd M, Jia J, Duque TLA, Javed R, Phinney B, Deretic V. Noncanonical roles of ATG5 and membrane atg8ylation in retromer assembly and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.10.602886. [PMID: 39026874 PMCID: PMC11257513 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.10.602886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
ATG5 is one of the core autophagy proteins with additional functions such as noncanonical membrane atg8ylation, which among a growing number of biological outputs includes control of tuberculosis in animal models. Here we show that ATG5 associates with retromer's core components VPS26, VPS29 and VPS35 and modulates retromer function. Knockout of ATG5 blocked trafficking of a key glucose transporter sorted by the retromer, GLUT1, to the plasma membrane. Knockouts of other genes essential for membrane atg8ylation, of which ATG5 is a component, affected GLUT1 sorting, indicating that membrane atg8ylation as a process affects retromer function and endosomal sorting. The contribution of membrane atg8ylation to retromer function in GLUT1 sorting was independent of canonical autophagy. These findings expand the scope of membrane atg8ylation to specific sorting processes in the cell dependent on the retromer and its known interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masroor Ahmad Paddar
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Fulong Wang
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Einar S Trosdal
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Emily Hendrix
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jingyue Jia
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thabata L A Duque
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Lead Contact
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Sutton VR, Watt SV, Akhlaghi H, Cipolla DC, Chen KJ, LaSala D, McDonald PP, Beavis PA, Munoz I, Hodel AW, Noori T, Voskoboinik I, Trapani JA. Pharmacologic inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (cathepsin C) does not block in vitro granzyme-mediated target cell killing by CD8 T or NK cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1396710. [PMID: 39021839 PMCID: PMC11251990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1396710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently developed small-molecule inhibitors of the lysosomal protease dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1), also known as cathepsin C (CatC), can suppress suppurative inflammation in vivo by blocking the processing of zymogenic (pro-) forms of neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs), including neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G. DPP1 also plays an important role in activating granzyme serine proteases that are expressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells. Therefore, it is critical to determine whether DPP1 inhibition can also cause off-target suppression of CTL/NK-cell-mediated killing of virus-infected or malignant cells. Herein, we demonstrate that the processing of human granzymes A and B, transitioning from zymogen to active proteases, is not solely dependent on DPP1. Thus, the killing of target cells by primary human CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and gene-engineered anti-CD19 CAR T cells was not blocked in vitro even after prior exposure to high concentrations of the reversible DPP1 inhibitor brensocatib. Consistent with this observation, the turnover of model granzyme A/B peptide substrates in the human CTL/NK cell lysates was not significantly reduced by brensocatib. In contrast, preincubation with brensocatib almost entirely abolished (>90%) both the cytotoxic activity of mouse CD8+ T cells and granzyme substrate turnover. Overall, our finding that the effects of DPP1 inhibition on human cytotoxic lymphocytes are attenuated in comparison to those of mice indicates that granzyme processing/activation pathways differ between mice and humans. Moreover, the in vitro data suggest that human subjects treated with reversible DPP1 inhibitors, such as brensocatib, are unlikely to experience any appreciable deficits in CTL/NK-cell-mediated immunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien R. Sutton
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sally V. Watt
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hedieh Akhlaghi
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Kuan-Ju Chen
- Insmed Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Paul A. Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Isabelle Munoz
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adrian W. Hodel
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tahereh Noori
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilia Voskoboinik
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Ji Y, Wang E, Mohammed MT, Hameed N, Christodoulou MI, Liu X, Zhou W, Fang Z, Jia N, Yu H, Zhou Z, Sun Y, Huang SK, McSharry C, Zhong NS, Xiao X, Li J, Xu D. Selective production of IL-33-neutralizing autoantibody ameliorates asthma responses and severity. Clin Immunol 2024; 264:110234. [PMID: 38740111 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural anti-cytokine autoantibodies can regulate homeostasis of infectious and inflammatory diseases. The anti-cytokine autoantibody profile and relevance to the pathogenesis of asthma are unknown. We aim to identify key anti-cytokine autoantibodies in asthma patients, and reveal their immunological function and clinical significance. METHODS A Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System was used to screen serum autoantibodies against 11 key cytokines in patients with allergic asthma and healthy donors. The antigen-specificity, immunomodulatory functions and clinical significance of anti-cytokine autoantibodies were determined by ELISA, qPCR, neutralization assays and statistical analysis, respectively. Potential conditions for autoantibody induction were revealed by in vitro immunization. RESULTS Of 11 cytokines tested, only anti-IL-33 autoantibody was significantly increased in asthma, compare to healthy controls, and the proportion positive was higher in patients with mild-to-moderate than severe allergic asthma. In allergic asthma patients, the anti-IL-33 autoantibody level correlated negatively with serum concentration of pathogenic cytokines (e.g., IL-4, IL-13, IL-25 and IL-33), IgE, and blood eosinophil count, but positively with mid-expiratory flow FEF25-75%. The autoantibodies were predominantly IgG isotype, polyclonal and could neutralize IL-33-induced pathogenic responses in vitro and in vivo. The induction of the anti-IL-33 autoantibody in blood B-cells in vitro required peptide IL-33 antigen along with a stimulation cocktail of TLR9 agonist and cytokines IL-2, IL-4 or IL-21. CONCLUSIONS Serum natural anti-IL-33 autoantibodies are selectively induced in some asthma patients. They ameliorate key asthma inflammatory responses, and may improve lung function of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical school, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Eryi Wang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mohammed T Mohammed
- Faculty of Veterinary medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq; School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Najwa Hameed
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria-Ioanna Christodoulou
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Tumor Immunology and Biomarkers Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangfu Fang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiqiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan, China; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Charles McSharry
- School of Infection and Immunity, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.
| | - Damo Xu
- Department of General Practice Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Wang X, Xu P, Bentley-DeSousa A, Hancock-Cerutti W, Cai S, Johnson BT, Tonelli F, Talaia G, Alessi DR, Ferguson SM, De Camilli P. Lysosome damage triggers acute formation of ER to lysosomes membrane tethers mediated by the bridge-like lipid transport protein VPS13C. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.08.598070. [PMID: 38895395 PMCID: PMC11185796 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.08.598070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Based on genetic studies, lysosome dysfunction is thought to play a pathogenetic role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we show that VPS13C, a bridge-like lipid transport protein and a PD gene, is a sensor of lysosome stress/damage. Upon lysosome membrane perturbation, VPS13C rapidly relocates from the cytosol to the surface of lysosomes where it tethers their membranes to the ER. This recruitment depends on Rab7 and requires release of a brake, most likely an intramolecular interaction within VPS13C, which hinders access of its VAB domain to lysosome-bound Rab7. While another PD protein, LRRK2, is also recruited to stressed/damaged lysosomes, its recruitment occurs at much later stages and by different mechanisms. Given the putative role of VPS13 proteins in bulk lipid transport, these findings suggest lipid delivery to lysosomes by VPS13C is part of an early response to lysosome damage.
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Chou CC, Vest R, Prado MA, Wilson-Grady J, Paulo JA, Shibuya Y, Moran-Losada P, Lee TT, Luo J, Gygi SP, Kelly JW, Finley D, Wernig M, Wyss-Coray T, Frydman J. Human tNeurons reveal aging-linked proteostasis deficits driving Alzheimer's phenotypes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4407236. [PMID: 38853828 PMCID: PMC11160905 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4407236/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging is a prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal phenotypes remain elusive. Both accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain1 and age-linked organelle deficits2-7 are proposed as causes of AD phenotypes but the relationship between these events is unclear. Here, we address this question using a transdifferentiated neuron (tNeuron) model directly from human dermal fibroblasts. Patient-derived tNeurons retain aging hallmarks and exhibit AD-linked deficits. Quantitative tNeuron proteomic analyses identify aging and AD-linked deficits in proteostasis and organelle homeostasis, particularly affecting endosome-lysosomal components. The proteostasis and lysosomal homeostasis deficits in aged tNeurons are exacerbated in sporadic and familial AD tNeurons, promoting constitutive lysosomal damage and defects in ESCRT-mediated repair. We find deficits in neuronal lysosomal homeostasis lead to inflammatory cytokine secretion, cell death and spontaneous development of Aß and phospho-Tau deposits. These proteotoxic inclusions co-localize with lysosomes and damage markers and resemble inclusions in brain tissue from AD patients and APP-transgenic mice. Supporting the centrality of lysosomal deficits driving AD phenotypes, lysosome-function enhancing compounds reduce AD-associated cytokine secretion and Aβ deposits. We conclude that proteostasis and organelle deficits are upstream initiating factors leading to neuronal aging and AD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chieh Chou
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ryan Vest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Qinotto, Inc. San Carlos, California, USA
| | - Miguel A. Prado
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joshua Wilson-Grady
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yohei Shibuya
- Departments of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Patricia Moran-Losada
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ting-Ting Lee
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jian Luo
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Inc. (PAVIR), Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffery W. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Daniel Finley
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marius Wernig
- Departments of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Lead contact
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Chen W, Motsinger MM, Li J, Bohannon KP, Hanson PI. Ca 2+-sensor ALG-2 engages ESCRTs to enhance lysosomal membrane resilience to osmotic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318412121. [PMID: 38781205 PMCID: PMC11145288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318412121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are central players in cellular catabolism, signaling, and metabolic regulation. Cellular and environmental stresses that damage lysosomal membranes can compromise their function and release toxic content into the cytoplasm. Here, we examine how cells respond to osmotic stress within lysosomes. Using sensitive assays of lysosomal leakage and rupture, we examine acute effects of the osmotic disruptant glycyl-L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide (GPN). Our findings reveal that low concentrations of GPN rupture a small fraction of lysosomes, but surprisingly trigger Ca2+ release from nearly all. Chelating cytoplasmic Ca2+ makes lysosomes more sensitive to GPN-induced rupture, suggesting a role for Ca2+ in lysosomal membrane resilience. GPN-elicited Ca2+ release causes the Ca2+-sensor Apoptosis Linked Gene-2 (ALG-2), along with Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins it interacts with, to redistribute onto lysosomes. Functionally, ALG-2, but not its ESCRT binding-disabled ΔGF122 splice variant, increases lysosomal resilience to osmotic stress. Importantly, elevating juxta-lysosomal Ca2+ without membrane damage by activating TRPML1 also recruits ALG-2 and ESCRTs, protecting lysosomes from subsequent osmotic rupture. These findings reveal that Ca2+, through ALG-2, helps bring ESCRTs to lysosomes to enhance their resilience and maintain organelle integrity in the face of osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Madeline M. Motsinger
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Kevin P. Bohannon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Phyllis I. Hanson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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7
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Cheetham CJ, McKelvey MC, McAuley DF, Taggart CC. Neutrophil-Derived Proteases in Lung Inflammation: Old Players and New Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5492. [PMID: 38791530 PMCID: PMC11122108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived proteases are critical to the pathology of many inflammatory lung diseases, both chronic and acute. These abundant enzymes play roles in key neutrophil functions, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation and reactive oxygen species release. They may also be released, inducing tissue damage and loss of tissue function. Historically, the neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) have been the main subject of neutrophil protease research. Despite highly promising cell-based and animal model work, clinical trials involving the inhibition of NSPs have shown mixed results in lung disease patients. As such, the cutting edge of neutrophil-derived protease research has shifted to proteases that have had little-to-no research in neutrophils to date. These include the cysteine and serine cathepsins, the metzincins and the calpains, among others. This review aims to outline the previous work carried out on NSPs, including the shortcomings of some of the inhibitor-orientated clinical trials. Our growing understanding of other proteases involved in neutrophil function and neutrophilic lung inflammation will then be discussed. Additionally, the potential of targeting these more obscure neutrophil proteases will be highlighted, as they may represent new targets for inhibitor-based treatments of neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coby J. Cheetham
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Daniel F. McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (C.J.C.); (M.C.M.)
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8
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Mulligan RJ, Magaj MM, Digilio L, Redemann S, Yap CC, Winckler B. Collapse of late endosomal pH elicits a rapid Rab7 response via the V-ATPase and RILP. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261765. [PMID: 38578235 PMCID: PMC11166203 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Endosomal-lysosomal trafficking is accompanied by the acidification of endosomal compartments by the H+-V-ATPase to reach low lysosomal pH. Disruption of the correct pH impairs lysosomal function and the balance of protein synthesis and degradation (proteostasis). Here, we treated mammalian cells with the small dipeptide LLOMe, which is known to permeabilize lysosomal membranes, and find that LLOMe also impacts late endosomes (LEs) by neutralizing their pH without causing membrane permeabilization. We show that LLOMe leads to hyperactivation of Rab7 (herein referring to Rab7a), and disruption of tubulation and mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR; also known as IGF2R) recycling on pH-neutralized LEs. pH neutralization (NH4Cl) and expression of Rab7 hyperactive mutants alone can both phenocopy the alterations in tubulation and CI-M6PR trafficking. Mechanistically, pH neutralization increases the assembly of the V1G1 subunit (encoded by ATP6V1G1) of the V-ATPase on endosomal membranes, which stabilizes GTP-bound Rab7 via RILP, a known interactor of Rab7 and V1G1. We propose a novel pathway by which V-ATPase and RILP modulate LE pH and Rab7 activation in concert. This pathway might broadly contribute to pH control during physiologic endosomal maturation or starvation and during pathologic pH neutralization, which occurs via lysosomotropic compounds and in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Mulligan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Magdalena M. Magaj
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Laura Digilio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Stefanie Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chan Choo Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Bettina Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Wang J, Zhang H, Yuan H, Chen S, Yu Y, Zhang X, Gao Z, Du H, Li W, Wang Y, Xia P, Wang J, Song M. Prophylactic Supplementation with Lactobacillus Reuteri or Its Metabolite GABA Protects Against Acute Ischemic Cardiac Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307233. [PMID: 38487926 PMCID: PMC11095141 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has emerged as a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) after myocardial infarction is a serious complication and whether certain gut bacteria can serve as a treatment option remains unclear. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a well-studied probiotic that can colonize mammals including humans with known cholesterol-lowering properties and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, the prophylactic cardioprotective effects of L. reuteri or its metabolite γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) against acute ischemic cardiac injury caused by I/R surgery are demonstrated. The prophylactic gavage of L. reuteri or GABA confers cardioprotection mainly by suppressing cardiac inflammation upon I/R. Mechanistically, GABA gavage results in a decreased number of proinflammatory macrophages in I/R hearts and GABA gavage no longer confers any cardioprotection in I/R hearts upon the clearance of macrophages. In vitro studies with LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) further reveal that GABA inhibits the polarization of macrophages toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype by inhibiting lysosomal leakage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Together, this study demonstrates that the prophylactic oral administration of L. reuteri or its metabolite GABA attenuates macrophage-mediated cardiac inflammation and therefore alleviates cardiac dysfunction after I/R, thus providing a new prophylactic strategy to mitigate acute ischemic cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and ReconstructionChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Beijing Chao‐Yang HospitalDepartment of AnesthesiologyBeijing100020China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and ReconstructionChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Hailong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and ReconstructionChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China
| | - Siqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and ReconstructionChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Ying Yu
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zeyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and ReconstructionChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Heng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and ReconstructionChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Weitao Li
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China
| | - Pengyan Xia
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100191China
| | - Jun Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineBeijing100101China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and ReconstructionChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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10
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Feng Y, Wei H, Lyu M, Yu Z, Chen J, Lyu X, Zhuang F. Iron retardation in lysosomes protects senescent cells from ferroptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7683-7703. [PMID: 38683121 PMCID: PMC11131988 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, an iron-triggered modality of cellular death, has been reported to closely relate to human aging progression and aging-related diseases. However, the involvement of ferroptosis in the development and maintenance of senescent cells still remains elusive. Here, we established a doxorubicin-induced senescent HSkM cell model and found that both iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation increase in senescent cells. Moreover, such iron overload in senescent cells has changed the expression panel of the ferroptosis-response proteins. Interestingly, the iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation does not trigger ferroptosis-induced cell death. Oppositely, senescent cells manifest resistance to the ferroptosis inducers, compared to the proliferating cells. To further investigate the mechanism of ferroptosis-resistance for senescent cells, we traced the iron flux in cell and found iron arrested in lysosome. Moreover, disruption of lysosome functions by chloroquine and LLOMe dramatically triggered the senescent cell death. Besides, the ferroitinophagy-related proteins FTH1/FTL and NCOA4 knockdown also increases the senescent cell death. Thus, we speculated that iron retardation in lysosome of senescent cells is the key mechanism for ferroptosis resistance. And the lysosome is a promising target for senolytic drugs to selectively clear senescent cells and alleviate the aging related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Feng
- School of Laboratory Animal and Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huaiqing Wei
- Biomedical Research College and Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Lyu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Chen
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxing Lyu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhuang
- School of Laboratory Animal and Shandong Laboratory Animal Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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11
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Hollingsworth LR, Veeraraghavan P, Paulo JA, Harper JW, Rauch I. Spatiotemporal proteomic profiling of cellular responses to NLRP3 agonists. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.590338. [PMID: 38659763 PMCID: PMC11042255 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.590338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin-domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is an innate immune sensor that forms an inflammasome in response to various cellular stressors. Gain-of-function mutations in NLRP3 cause autoinflammatory diseases and NLRP3 signalling itself exacerbates the pathogenesis of many other human diseases. Despite considerable therapeutic interest, the primary drivers of NLRP3 activation remain controversial due to the diverse array of signals that are integrated through NLRP3. Here, we mapped subcellular proteome changes to lysosomes, mitochondrion, EEA1-positive endosomes, and Golgi caused by the NLRP3 inflammasome agonists nigericin and CL097. We identified several common disruptions to retrograde trafficking pathways, including COPI and Shiga toxin-related transport, in line with recent studies. We further characterized mouse NLRP3 trafficking throughout its activation using temporal proximity proteomics, which supports a recent model of NLRP3 recruitment to endosomes during inflammasome activation. Collectively, these findings provide additional granularity to our understanding of the molecular events driving NLRP3 activation and serve as a valuable resource for cell biological research. We have made our proteomics data accessible through an open-access Shiny browser to facilitate future research within the community, available at: https://harperlab.connect.hms.harvard.edu/inflame/. We will display anonymous peer review for this manuscript on pubpub.org (https://harperlab.pubpub.org/pub/nlrp3/) rather than a traditional journal. Moreover, we invite community feedback on the pubpub version of this manuscript, and we will address criticisms accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Robert Hollingsworth
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J. Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University
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12
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Gahlot P, Kravic B, Rota G, van den Boom J, Levantovsky S, Schulze N, Maspero E, Polo S, Behrends C, Meyer H. Lysosomal damage sensing and lysophagy initiation by SPG20-ITCH. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1556-1569.e10. [PMID: 38503285 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Cells respond to lysosomal membrane permeabilization by membrane repair or selective macroautophagy of damaged lysosomes, termed lysophagy, but it is not fully understood how this decision is made. Here, we uncover a pathway in human cells that detects lipid bilayer perturbations in the limiting membrane of compromised lysosomes, which fail to be repaired, and then initiates ubiquitin-triggered lysophagy. We find that SPG20 binds the repair factor IST1 on damaged lysosomes and, importantly, integrates that with the detection of damage-associated lipid-packing defects of the lysosomal membrane. Detection occurs via sensory amphipathic helices in SPG20 before rupture of the membrane. If lipid-packing defects are extensive, such as during lipid peroxidation, SPG20 recruits and activates ITCH, which marks the damaged lysosome with lysine-63-linked ubiquitin chains to initiate lysophagy and thus triages the lysosome for destruction. With SPG20 being linked to neurodegeneration, these findings highlight the relevance of a coordinated lysosomal damage response for cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Gahlot
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bojana Kravic
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rota
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes van den Boom
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophie Levantovsky
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Schulze
- Imaging Center Campus Essen, Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elena Maspero
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Polo
- IFOM ETS, The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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13
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Duran J, Poolsup S, Allers L, Lemus MR, Cheng Q, Pu J, Salemi M, Phinney B, Jia J. A mechanism that transduces lysosomal damage signals to stress granule formation for cell survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.29.587368. [PMID: 38617306 PMCID: PMC11014484 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.29.587368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomal damage poses a significant threat to cell survival. Our previous work has reported that lysosomal damage induces stress granule (SG) formation. However, the importance of SG formation in determining cell fate and the precise mechanisms through which lysosomal damage triggers SG formation remains unclear. Here, we show that SG formation is initiated via a novel calcium-dependent pathway and plays a protective role in promoting cell survival in response to lysosomal damage. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that during lysosomal damage, ALIX, a calcium-activated protein, transduces lysosomal damage signals by sensing calcium leakage to induce SG formation by controlling the phosphorylation of eIF2α. ALIX modulates eIF2α phosphorylation by regulating the association between PKR and its activator PACT, with galectin-3 exerting a negative effect on this process. We also found this regulatory event of SG formation occur on damaged lysosomes. Collectively, these investigations reveal novel insights into the precise regulation of SG formation triggered by lysosomal damage, and shed light on the interaction between damaged lysosomes and SGs. Importantly, SG formation is significant for promoting cell survival in the physiological context of lysosomal damage inflicted by SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a, adenovirus infection, Malaria hemozoin, proteopathic tau as well as environmental hazard silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Duran
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Suttinee Poolsup
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Lee Allers
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Monica Rosas Lemus
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Qiuying Cheng
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Jing Pu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jingyue Jia
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Lead Contact
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14
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Boytsov D, Madej GM, Horn G, Blaha N, Köcher T, Sitte HH, Siekhaus D, Ziegler C, Sandtner W, Roblek M. Orphan lysosomal solute carrier MFSD1 facilitates highly selective dipeptide transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319686121. [PMID: 38507452 PMCID: PMC10990142 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319686121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Orphan solute carrier (SLC) represents a group of membrane transporters whose exact functions and substrate specificities are not known. Elucidating the function and regulation of orphan SLC transporters is not only crucial for advancing our knowledge of cellular and molecular biology but can potentially lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here, we provide evidence for the biological function of a ubiquitous orphan lysosomal SLC, the Major Facilitator Superfamily Domain-containing Protein 1 (MFSD1), which has remained phylogenetically unassigned. Targeted metabolomics revealed that dipeptides containing either lysine or arginine residues accumulate in lysosomes of cells lacking MFSD1. Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings of HEK293-cells expressing MFSD1 on the cell surface displayed transport affinities for positively charged dipeptides in the lower mM range, while dipeptides that carry a negative net charge were not transported. This was also true for single amino acids and tripeptides, which MFSD1 failed to transport. Our results identify MFSD1 as a highly selective lysosomal lysine/arginine/histidine-containing dipeptide exporter, which functions as a uniporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila Boytsov
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaAT-1090, Austria
| | - Gregor M. Madej
- Department of Biophysics II/Structural Biology, University of Regensburg, RegensburgDE-93053, Germany
| | - Georg Horn
- Department of Biophysics II/Structural Biology, University of Regensburg, RegensburgDE-93053, Germany
| | - Nadine Blaha
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, Metabolomics, Vienna BioCenter, ViennaAT-1030, Austria
| | - Thomas Köcher
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, Metabolomics, Vienna BioCenter, ViennaAT-1030, Austria
| | - Harald H. Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaAT-1090, Austria
- Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, AmmanJO-19328, Jordan
- Center for Addiction Research and Science, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaAT-1090, Austria
| | - Daria Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, KlosterneuburgAT-3400, Austria
| | - Christine Ziegler
- Department of Biophysics II/Structural Biology, University of Regensburg, RegensburgDE-93053, Germany
| | - Walter Sandtner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaAT-1090, Austria
| | - Marko Roblek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, ViennaAT-1090, Austria
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, KlosterneuburgAT-3400, Austria
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15
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Theodore CJ, Wagner LH, Campellone KG. Autophagosome turnover requires Arp2/3 complex-mediated maintenance of lysosomal integrity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584718. [PMID: 38559247 PMCID: PMC10980047 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that maintains homeostasis, responds to stress, and plays key roles in the prevention of aging and disease. Autophagosome biogenesis, vesicle rocketing, and autolysosome tubulation are controlled by multiple actin nucleation factors, but the impact of actin assembly on completion of the autophagic pathway is not well understood. Here we studied autophagosome and lysosome remodeling in fibroblasts harboring an inducible knockout (iKO) of the Arp2/3 complex, an essential actin nucleator. Arp2/3 complex ablation resulted in increased basal levels of autophagy receptors and lipidated membrane proteins from the LC3 and GABARAP families. Under both steady-state and starvation conditions, Arp2/3 iKO cells accumulated abnormally high numbers of autolysosomes, suggesting a defect in autophagic flux. The inability of Arp2/3 complex-deficient cells to complete autolysosome degradation and turnover is explained by the presence of damaged, leaky lysosomes. In cells treated with an acute lysosomal membrane-damaging agent, the Arp2/3-activating protein WHAMM is recruited to lysosomes, where Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin assembly is crucial for restoring intact lysosomal structure. These results establish the Arp2/3 complex as a central player late in the canonical autophagy pathway and reveal a new role for the actin nucleation machinery in maintaining lysosomal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey J. Theodore
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | - Lianna H. Wagner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | - Kenneth G. Campellone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
- Center on Aging, UConn Health; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
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16
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Settembre C, Perera RM. Lysosomes as coordinators of cellular catabolism, metabolic signalling and organ physiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:223-245. [PMID: 38001393 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Every cell must satisfy basic requirements for nutrient sensing, utilization and recycling through macromolecular breakdown to coordinate programmes for growth, repair and stress adaptation. The lysosome orchestrates these key functions through the synchronised interplay between hydrolytic enzymes, nutrient transporters and signalling factors, which together enable metabolic coordination with other organelles and regulation of specific gene expression programmes. In this Review, we discuss recent findings on lysosome-dependent signalling pathways, focusing on how the lysosome senses nutrient availability through its physical and functional association with mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and how, in response, the microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) transcription factors exert feedback regulation on lysosome biogenesis. We also highlight the emerging interactions of lysosomes with other organelles, which contribute to cellular homeostasis. Lastly, we discuss how lysosome dysfunction contributes to diverse disease pathologies and how inherited mutations that compromise lysosomal hydrolysis, transport or signalling components lead to multi-organ disorders with severe metabolic and neurological impact. A deeper comprehension of lysosomal composition and function, at both the cellular and organismal level, may uncover fundamental insights into human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy.
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rushika M Perera
- Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Mulligan R, Magaj M, Digilio L, Redemann S, Yap C, Winckler B. Collapse of late endosomal pH elicits a rapid Rab7 response via V-ATPase and RILP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.24.563658. [PMID: 37961579 PMCID: PMC10634777 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal-lysosomal trafficking is accompanied by the acidification of endosomal compartments by the H+-V-ATPase to reach low lysosomal pH. Disruption of proper pH impairs lysosomal function and the balance of protein synthesis and degradation (proteostasis). We used the small dipeptide LLOMe, which is known to permeabilize lysosomal membranes, and find that LLOMe also impacts late endosomes (LEs) by neutralizing their pH without causing membrane permeabilization. We show that LLOMe leads to hyper-activation of Rab7 and disruption of tubulation and mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR) recycling on pH-neutralized LEs. Either pH neutralization (NH4Cl) or Rab7 hyper-active mutants alone can phenocopy the alterations in tubulation and CI-M6PR trafficking. Mechanistically, pH neutralization increases the assembly of the V1G1 subunit of the V-ATPase on endosomal membranes, which stabilizes GTP-bound Rab7 via RILP, a known interactor of Rab7 and V1G1. We propose a novel pathway by which V-ATPase and RILP modulate LE pH and Rab7 activation in concert. This pathway might broadly contribute to pH control during physiologic endosomal maturation or starvation and during pathologic pH neutralization, which occurs via lysosomotropic compounds or in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.J. Mulligan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - M.M. Magaj
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - L. Digilio
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - S. Redemann
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA
- Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - C.C. Yap
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - B Winckler
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
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18
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Ebstrup ML, Sønder SL, Fogde DL, Heitmann ASB, Dietrich TN, Dias C, Jäättelä M, Maeda K, Nylandsted J. Annexin A7 mediates lysosome repair independently of ESCRT-III. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1211498. [PMID: 38348092 PMCID: PMC10860759 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1211498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are crucial organelles essential for various cellular processes, and any damage to them can severely compromise cell viability. This study uncovers a previously unrecognized function of the calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein Annexin A7 in lysosome repair, which operates independently of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery. Our research reveals that Annexin A7 plays a role in repairing damaged lysosomes, different from its role in repairing the plasma membrane, where it facilitates repair through the recruitment of ESCRT-III components. Notably, our findings strongly suggest that Annexin A7, like the ESCRT machinery, is dispensable for membrane contact site formation within the newly discovered phosphoinositide-initiated membrane tethering and lipid transport (PITT) pathway. Instead, we speculate that Annexin A7 is recruited to damaged lysosomes and promotes repair through its membrane curvature and cross-linking capabilities. Our findings provide new insights into the diverse mechanisms underlying lysosomal membrane repair and highlight the multifunctional role of Annexin A7 in membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Catarina Dias
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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19
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Bhatia P, Bickle M, Agrawal AA, Truss B, Nikolaidi A, Brockmann K, Reinhardt L, Vogel S, Szegoe EM, Pal A, Hermann A, Mikicic I, Yun M, Falkenburger B, Sterneckert J. Axonal Lysosomal Assays for Characterizing the Effects of LRRK2 G2019S. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:58. [PMID: 38275734 PMCID: PMC10813644 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The degeneration of axon terminals before the soma, referred to as "dying back", is a feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). Axonal assays are needed to model early PD pathogenesis as well as identify protective therapeutics. We hypothesized that defects in axon lysosomal trafficking as well as injury repair might be important contributing factors to "dying back" pathology in PD. Since primary human PD neurons are inaccessible, we developed assays to quantify axonal trafficking and injury repair using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons with LRRK2 G2019S, which is one of the most common known PD mutations, and isogenic controls. We observed a subtle axonal trafficking phenotype that was partially rescued by a LRRK2 inhibitor. Mutant LRRK2 neurons showed increased phosphorylated Rab10-positive lysosomes, and lysosomal membrane damage increased LRRK2-dependent Rab10 phosphorylation. Neurons with mutant LRRK2 showed a transient increase in lysosomes at axotomy injury sites. This was a pilot study that used two patient-derived lines to develop its methodology; we observed subtle phenotypes that might correlate with heterogeneity in LRRK2-PD patients. Further analysis using additional iPSC lines is needed. Therefore, our axonal lysosomal assays can potentially be used to characterize early PD pathogenesis and test possible therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhatia
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Marc Bickle
- Roche Institute of Human Biology, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amay A. Agrawal
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Buster Truss
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Aikaterina Nikolaidi
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lydia Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Stefanie Vogel
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Eva M. Szegoe
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arun Pal
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht Kossel”, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ivan Mikicic
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
| | - Maximina Yun
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cellular Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Physics of Life Excellence Cluster, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jared Sterneckert
- Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.B.)
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Talaia G, Bentley-DeSousa A, Ferguson SM. Lysosomal TBK1 Responds to Amino Acid Availability to Relieve Rab7-Dependent mTORC1 Inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.16.571979. [PMID: 38168426 PMCID: PMC10760094 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.16.571979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes play a pivotal role in coordinating macromolecule degradation and regulating cell growth and metabolism. Despite substantial progress in identifying lysosomal signaling proteins, understanding the pathways that synchronize lysosome functions with changing cellular demands remains incomplete. This study uncovers a role for TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), well known for its role in innate immunity and organelle quality control, in modulating lysosomal responsiveness to nutrients. Specifically, we identify a pool of TBK1 that is recruited to lysosomes in response to elevated amino acid levels. At lysosomes, this TBK1 phosphorylates Rab7 on serine 72. This is critical for alleviating Rab7-mediated inhibition of amino acid-dependent mTORC1 activation. Furthermore, a TBK1 mutant (E696K) associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia constitutively accumulates at lysosomes, resulting in elevated Rab7 phosphorylation and increased mTORC1 activation. This data establishes the lysosome as a site of amino acid regulated TBK1 signaling that is crucial for efficient mTORC1 activation. This lysosomal pool of TBK1 has broader implications for lysosome homeostasis, and its dysregulation could contribute to the pathogenesis of ALS-FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Talaia
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Amanda Bentley-DeSousa
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Shawn M. Ferguson
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
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21
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Corkery D, Ursu A, Lucas B, Grigalunas M, Kriegler S, Oliva R, Dec R, Koska S, Pahl A, Sievers S, Ziegler S, Winter R, Wu YW, Waldmann H. Inducin Triggers LC3-Lipidation and ESCRT-Mediated Lysosomal Membrane Repair. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300579. [PMID: 37869939 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipidation of the LC3 protein has frequently been employed as a marker of autophagy. However, LC3-lipidation is also triggered by stimuli not related to canonical autophagy. Therefore, characterization of the driving parameters for LC3 lipidation is crucial to understanding the biological roles of LC3. We identified a pseudo-natural product, termed Inducin, that increases LC3 lipidation independently of canonical autophagy, impairs lysosomal function and rapidly recruits Galectin 3 to lysosomes. Inducin treatment promotes Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-dependent membrane repair and transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent lysosome biogenesis ultimately leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Andrei Ursu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Belén Lucas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Kriegler
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Robert Dec
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandra Koska
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
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22
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Bussi C, Mangiarotti A, Vanhille-Campos C, Aylan B, Pellegrino E, Athanasiadi N, Fearns A, Rodgers A, Franzmann TM, Šarić A, Dimova R, Gutierrez MG. Stress granules plug and stabilize damaged endolysosomal membranes. Nature 2023; 623:1062-1069. [PMID: 37968398 PMCID: PMC10686833 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane damage represents a form of stress that is detrimental for eukaryotic cells1,2. To cope with this threat, cells possess mechanisms that repair the damage and restore cellular homeostasis3-7. Endomembrane damage also results in organelle instability and the mechanisms by which cells stabilize damaged endomembranes to enable membrane repair remains unknown. Here, by combining in vitro and in cellulo studies with computational modelling we uncover a biological function for stress granules whereby these biomolecular condensates form rapidly at endomembrane damage sites and act as a plug that stabilizes the ruptured membrane. Functionally, we demonstrate that stress granule formation and membrane stabilization enable efficient repair of damaged endolysosomes, through both ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport)-dependent and independent mechanisms. We also show that blocking stress granule formation in human macrophages creates a permissive environment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a human pathogen that exploits endomembrane damage to survive within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Vanhille-Campos
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Titus M Franzmann
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anđela Šarić
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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23
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Jani C, Marsh A, Uchil P, Jain N, Baskir ZR, Glover OT, Root DE, Doench JG, Barczak AK. Vps18 contributes to phagosome membrane integrity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.01.560397. [PMID: 37873319 PMCID: PMC10592876 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.01.560397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved to be exquisitely adapted to survive within host macrophages. The capacity to damage the phagosomal membrane has emerged as central to Mtb virulence. While Mtb factors driving membrane damage have been described, host factors that repair that damage to contain the pathogen remain largely unknown. We used a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify novel host factors required to repair Mtb-damaged phagosomal membranes. Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 (Vps18), a member of the HOPS and CORVET trafficking complexes, was among the top hits. Vps18 colocalized with Mtb in macrophages beginning shortly after infection, and Vps18-knockout macrophages demonstrated increased damage of Mtb-containing phagosomes without impaired autophagy. Mtb grew more robustly in Vps18-knockout cells, and the first-line anti-tuberculosis antibiotic pyrazinamide was less effective. Our results identify Vps18 as required for phagosomal membrane integrity in Mtb-infected cells and suggest that modulating phagosome integrity may hold promise for improving the efficacy of antibiotic treatment for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pooja Uchil
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Neha Jain
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
| | | | | | | | | | - Amy K Barczak
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
- The Broad Institute
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
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24
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Corkery DP, Castro‐Gonzalez S, Knyazeva A, Herzog LK, Wu Y. An ATG12-ATG5-TECPR1 E3-like complex regulates unconventional LC3 lipidation at damaged lysosomes. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56841. [PMID: 37381828 PMCID: PMC10481663 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane damage represents a threat to cell viability. As such, cells have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to maintain lysosomal integrity. Small membrane lesions are detected and repaired by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery while more extensively damaged lysosomes are cleared by a galectin-dependent selective macroautophagic pathway (lysophagy). In this study, we identify a novel role for the autophagosome-lysosome tethering factor, TECPR1, in lysosomal membrane repair. Lysosomal damage promotes TECPR1 recruitment to damaged membranes via its N-terminal dysferlin domain. This recruitment occurs upstream of galectin and precedes the induction of lysophagy. At the damaged membrane, TECPR1 forms an alternative E3-like conjugation complex with the ATG12-ATG5 conjugate to regulate ATG16L1-independent unconventional LC3 lipidation. Abolishment of LC3 lipidation via ATG16L1/TECPR1 double knockout impairs lysosomal recovery following damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale P Corkery
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Sergio Castro‐Gonzalez
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Anastasia Knyazeva
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Laura K Herzog
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Yao‐Wen Wu
- Department of ChemistryUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial ResearchUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
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25
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Eriksson I, Vainikka L, Persson HL, Öllinger K. Real-Time Monitoring of Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization Using Acridine Orange. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:72. [PMID: 37623923 PMCID: PMC10459729 DOI: 10.3390/mps6040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of lysosomal membrane integrity results in leakage of lysosomal hydrolases to the cytosol which might harm cell function and induce cell death. Destabilization of lysosomes often precede apoptotic or necrotic cell death and occur during both physiological and pathological conditions. The weak base acridine orange readily enters cells and accumulates in the acidic environment of lysosomes. Vital staining with acridine orange is a well-proven technique to observe lysosomal destabilization using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. These analyses are, however, time consuming and only adapted for discrete time points, which make them unsuitable for large-scale approaches. Therefore, we have developed a time-saving, high-throughput microplate reader-based method to follow destabilization of the lysosomal membrane in real-time using acridine orange. This protocol can easily be adopted for patient samples since the number of cells per sample is low and the time for analysis is short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Eriksson
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (L.V.); (K.Ö.)
| | - Linda Vainikka
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (L.V.); (K.Ö.)
| | - Hans Lennart Persson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine in Linköping, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; (L.V.); (K.Ö.)
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26
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Buijze H, Brinkmann V, Hurwitz R, Dorhoi A, Kaufmann SHE, Pei G. Human GBP1 Is Involved in the Repair of Damaged Phagosomes/Endolysosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119701. [PMID: 37298652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse guanylate-binding proteins (mGBPs) are recruited to various invasive pathogens, thereby conferring cell-autonomous immunity against these pathogens. However, whether and how human GBPs (hGBPs) target M. tuberculosis (Mtb) and L. monocytogenes (Lm) remains unclear. Here, we describe hGBPs association with intracellular Mtb and Lm, which was dependent on the ability of bacteria to induce disruption of phagosomal membranes. hGBP1 formed puncta structures which were recruited to ruptured endolysosomes. Furthermore, both GTP-binding and isoprenylation of hGBP1 were required for its puncta formation. hGBP1 was required for the recovery of endolysosomal integrity. In vitro lipid-binding assays demonstrated direct binding of hGBP1 to PI4P. Upon endolysosomal damage, hGBP1 was targeted to PI4P and PI(3,4)P2-positive endolysosomes in cells. Finally, live-cell imaging demonstrated that hGBP1 was recruited to damaged endolysosomes, and consequently mediated endolysosomal repair. In summary, we uncover a novel interferon-inducible mechanism in which hGBP1 contributes to the repair of damaged phagosomes/endolysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Buijze
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Brinkmann
- Microscopy Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Hurwitz
- Protein Purification Facility, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Emeritus Group of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Gang Pei
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
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27
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Cheng W, Fukuda M, Kim S, Liu Y, Chen X, Holmes C, Li Y, Chung H, Ren Y, Guan J. Osmotically Rupturing Phagosomes in Macrophages Using PNIPAM Microparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:24244-24256. [PMID: 37186785 PMCID: PMC10426762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The rupture of macrophage phagosomes has been implicated in various human diseases and plays a critical role in immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are complex and not yet fully understood. This study describes the development of a robust engineering method for rupturing phagosomes based on a well-defined mechanism. The method utilizes microfabricated microparticles composed of uncrosslinked linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as phagocytic objects. These microparticles are internalized into phagosomes at 37 °C. By exposing the cells to a cold shock at 0 °C, the vast majority of the microparticle-containing phagosomes rupture. The percentage of phagosomal rupture decreases with the increase of the cold-shock temperature. The osmotic pressure in the phagosomes and the tension in the phagosomal membrane are calculated using the Flory-Huggins theory and the Young-Laplace equation. The modeling results indicate that the osmotic pressure generated by dissolved microparticles is probably responsible for phagosomal rupture, are consistent with the experimentally observed dependence of phagosomal rupture on the cold-shock temperature, and suggest the existence of a cellular mechanism for resisting phagosomal rupture. Moreover, the effects of various factors including hypotonic shock, chloroquine, tetrandrine, colchicine, and l-leucyl-l-leucine O-methyl ester (LLOMe) on phagosomal rupture have been studied with this method. The results further support that the osmotic pressure generated by the dissolved microparticles causes phagosomal rupture and demonstrated usefulness of this method for studying phagosomal rupture. This method can be further developed, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of phagosomal rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Masahiro Fukuda
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Sundol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Hoyong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
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28
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Wang F, Peters R, Jia J, Mudd M, Salemi M, Allers L, Javed R, Duque TLA, Paddar MA, Trosdal ES, Phinney B, Deretic V. ATG5 provides host protection acting as a switch in the atg8ylation cascade between autophagy and secretion. Dev Cell 2023; 58:866-884.e8. [PMID: 37054706 PMCID: PMC10205698 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
ATG5 is a part of the E3 ligase directing lipidation of ATG8 proteins, a process central to membrane atg8ylation and canonical autophagy. Loss of Atg5 in myeloid cells causes early mortality in murine models of tuberculosis. This in vivo phenotype is specific to ATG5. Here, we show using human cell lines that absence of ATG5, but not of other ATGs directing canonical autophagy, promotes lysosomal exocytosis and secretion of extracellular vesicles and, in murine Atg5fl/fl LysM-Cre neutrophils, their excessive degranulation. This is due to lysosomal disrepair in ATG5 knockout cells and the sequestration by an alternative conjugation complex, ATG12-ATG3, of ESCRT protein ALIX, which acts in membrane repair and exosome secretion. These findings reveal a previously undescribed function of ATG5 in its host-protective role in murine experimental models of tuberculosis and emphasize the significance of the branching aspects of the atg8ylation conjugation cascade beyond the canonical autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Wang
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ryan Peters
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jingyue Jia
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lee Allers
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Thabata L A Duque
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Masroor A Paddar
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Einar S Trosdal
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, 915 Camino de Salud, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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29
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Bhattacharya A, Mukherjee R, Kuncha SK, Brunstein ME, Rathore R, Junek S, Münch C, Dikic I. A lysosome membrane regeneration pathway depends on TBC1D15 and autophagic lysosomal reformation proteins. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:685-698. [PMID: 37024685 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lysosomal membrane damage reduces the cellular population of functional lysosomes. However, these damaged lysosomes have a remarkable recovery potential independent of lysosomal biogenesis and remain unaffected in cells depleted in TFEB and TFE3. We combined proximity-labelling-based proteomics, biochemistry and high-resolution microscopy to unravel a lysosomal membrane regeneration pathway that depends on ATG8, the lysosomal membrane protein LIMP2, the RAB7 GTPase-activating protein TBC1D15 and proteins required for autophagic lysosomal reformation, including dynamin-2, kinesin-5B and clathrin. Following lysosomal damage, LIMP2 acts as a lysophagy receptor to bind ATG8, which in turn recruits TBC1D15 to damaged membranes. TBC1D15 interacts with ATG8 proteins on damaged lysosomes and provides a scaffold to assemble and stabilize the autophagic lysosomal reformation machinery. This potentiates the formation of lysosomal tubules and subsequent dynamin-2-dependent scission. TBC1D15-mediated lysosome regeneration was also observed in a cell culture model of oxalate nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Bhattacharya
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rukmini Mukherjee
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Santosh Kumar Kuncha
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Rajeshwari Rathore
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stephan Junek
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Frankfurt, Germany.
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30
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Gallagher ER, Holzbaur ELF. The selective autophagy adaptor p62/SQSTM1 forms phase condensates regulated by HSP27 that facilitate the clearance of damaged lysosomes via lysophagy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112037. [PMID: 36701233 PMCID: PMC10366342 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to lysosomal damage, cells engage several quality-control mechanisms, including the selective isolation and degradation of damaged lysosomes by lysophagy. Here, we report that the selective autophagy adaptor SQSTM1/p62 is recruited to damaged lysosomes in both HeLa cells and neurons and is required for lysophagic flux. The Phox and Bem1p (PB1) domain of p62 mediates oligomerization and is specifically required for lysophagy. Consistent with this observation, we find that p62 forms condensates on damaged lysosomes. These condensates are precisely tuned by the small heat shock protein HSP27, which is phosphorylated in response to lysosomal injury and maintains the liquidity of p62 condensates, facilitating autophagosome formation. Mutations in p62 have been identified in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); ALS-associated mutations in p62 impair lysophagy, suggesting that deficits in this pathway may contribute to neurodegeneration. Thus, p62 condensates regulated by HSP27 promote lysophagy by forming platforms for autophagosome biogenesis at damaged lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Gallagher
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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31
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Barisch C, Holthuis JCM, Cosentino K. Membrane damage and repair: a thin line between life and death. Biol Chem 2023; 404:467-490. [PMID: 36810295 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Bilayered membranes separate cells from their surroundings and form boundaries between intracellular organelles and the cytosol. Gated transport of solutes across membranes enables cells to establish vital ion gradients and a sophisticated metabolic network. However, an advanced compartmentalization of biochemical reactions makes cells also particularly vulnerable to membrane damage inflicted by pathogens, chemicals, inflammatory responses or mechanical stress. To avoid potentially lethal consequences of membrane injuries, cells continuously monitor the structural integrity of their membranes and readily activate appropriate pathways to plug, patch, engulf or shed the damaged membrane area. Here, we review recent insights into the cellular mechanisms that underly an effective maintenance of membrane integrity. We discuss how cells respond to membrane lesions caused by bacterial toxins and endogenous pore-forming proteins, with a primary focus on the intimate crosstalk between membrane proteins and lipids during wound formation, detection and elimination. We also discuss how a delicate balance between membrane damage and repair determines cell fate upon bacterial infection or activation of pro-inflammatory cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Barisch
- Molecular Infection Biology Division, Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Joost C M Holthuis
- Molecular Cell Biology Division, Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Katia Cosentino
- Molecular Cell Biophysics Division, Department of Biology and Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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32
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Radulovic M, Wenzel EM, Gilani S, Holland LKK, Lystad AH, Phuyal S, Olkkonen VM, Brech A, Jäättelä M, Maeda K, Raiborg C, Stenmark H. Cholesterol transfer via endoplasmic reticulum contacts mediates lysosome damage repair. EMBO J 2022; 41:e112677. [PMID: 36408828 PMCID: PMC9753466 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome integrity is essential for cell viability, and lesions in lysosome membranes are repaired by the ESCRT machinery. Here, we describe an additional mechanism for lysosome repair that is activated independently of ESCRT recruitment. Lipidomic analyses showed increases in lysosomal phosphatidylserine and cholesterol after damage. Electron microscopy demonstrated that lysosomal membrane damage is rapidly followed by the formation of contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which depends on the ER proteins VAPA/B. The cholesterol-binding protein ORP1L was recruited to damaged lysosomes, accompanied by cholesterol accumulation by a mechanism that required VAP-ORP1L interactions. The PtdIns 4-kinase PI4K2A rapidly produced PtdIns4P on lysosomes upon damage, and knockout of PI4K2A inhibited damage-induced accumulation of ORP1L and cholesterol and led to the failure of lysosomal membrane repair. The cholesterol-PtdIns4P transporter OSBP was also recruited upon damage, and its depletion caused lysosomal accumulation of PtdIns4P and resulted in cell death. We conclude that ER contacts are activated on damaged lysosomes in parallel to ESCRTs to provide lipids for membrane repair, and that PtdIns4P generation and removal are central in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Radulovic
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Eva Maria Wenzel
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Sania Gilani
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Lya KK Holland
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Alf Håkon Lystad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Santosh Phuyal
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchBiomedicum 2UHelsinkiFinland,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Andreas Brech
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and DiseaseDanish Cancer Society Research CenterCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Camilla Raiborg
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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33
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Jia J, Wang F, Bhujabal Z, Peters R, Mudd M, Duque T, Allers L, Javed R, Salemi M, Behrends C, Phinney B, Johansen T, Deretic V. Stress granules and mTOR are regulated by membrane atg8ylation during lysosomal damage. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202207091. [PMID: 36179369 PMCID: PMC9533235 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202207091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report that lysosomal damage is a hitherto unknown inducer of stress granule (SG) formation and that the process termed membrane atg8ylation coordinates SG formation with mTOR inactivation during lysosomal stress. SGs were induced by lysosome-damaging agents including SARS-CoV-2ORF3a, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and proteopathic tau. During damage, mammalian ATG8s directly interacted with the core SG proteins NUFIP2 and G3BP1. Atg8ylation was needed for their recruitment to damaged lysosomes independently of SG condensates whereupon NUFIP2 contributed to mTOR inactivation via the Ragulator-RagA/B complex. Thus, cells employ membrane atg8ylation to control and coordinate SG and mTOR responses to lysosomal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Jia
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Fulong Wang
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Zambarlal Bhujabal
- Autophagy Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ryan Peters
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Michal Mudd
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Thabata Duque
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Lee Allers
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Ruheena Javed
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Michelle Salemi
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Brett Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Terje Johansen
- Autophagy Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biochemical Research Excellence, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
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34
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Bonet-Ponce L, Cookson MR. LRRK2 recruitment, activity, and function in organelles. FEBS J 2022; 289:6871-6890. [PMID: 34196120 PMCID: PMC8744135 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein coding mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD), and noncoding variations around the gene increase the risk of developing sporadic PD. It is generally accepted that pathogenic LRRK2 mutations increase LRRK2 kinase activity, resulting in a toxic hyperactive protein that is inferred to lead to the PD phenotype. LRRK2 has long been linked to different membrane trafficking events, but the specific role of LRRK2 in these events has been difficult to resolve. Recently, several papers have reported the activation and translocation of LRRK2 to cellular organelles under specific conditions, which suggests that LRRK2 may influence intracellular membrane trafficking. Here, we review what is known about the role of LRRK2 at various organelle compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Correspondence: Mark R. Cookson, Ph.D., Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 35 Convent Drive, Room 1A–116, Bethesda, MD, 20892–3707, USA. Phone: 301–451–3870,
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35
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Hydrophobicity is a key determinant in the activity of arginine-rich cell penetrating peptides. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15981. [PMID: 36156072 PMCID: PMC9510126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To deliver useful biological payloads into the cytosolic space of cells, cell-penetrating peptides have to cross biological membranes. The molecular features that control or enhance this activity remain unclear. Herein, a dimeric template of the arginine-rich HIV TAT CPP was used to establish the effect of incorporating groups and residues of various chemical structures and properties. A positive correlation is established between the relative hydrophobicity of these additional moieties and the ability of the CPP conjugates to deliver a peptidic probe into live cells. CPP conjugates with low hydrophobicity lead to no detectable delivery activity, while CPPs containing groups of increasing hydrophobicity achieve intracellular delivery at low micromolar concentrations. Notably, the chemical structures of the hydrophobic groups do not appear to play a role in overall cell penetration activity. The cell penetration activity detected is consistent with endosomal escape. Leakage assays with lipid bilayer of endosomal membrane composition also establish a positive correlation between hydrophobicity and membrane permeation. Overall, these results indicate that the presence of a relatively hydrophobic moiety, regardless of structure, is required in a CPP structure to enhance its cell penetration. It also indicates that simple modifications, including fluorophores used for cell imaging or small payloads, modulate the activity of CPPs and that a given CPP-conjugate may be unique in its membrane permeation properties.
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36
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Tan JX, Finkel T. A phosphoinositide signalling pathway mediates rapid lysosomal repair. Nature 2022; 609:815-821. [PMID: 36071159 PMCID: PMC9450835 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal dysfunction has been increasingly linked to disease and normal ageing1,2. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), a hallmark of lysosome-related diseases, can be triggered by diverse cellular stressors3. Given the damaging contents of lysosomes, LMP must be rapidly resolved, although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, using an unbiased proteomic approach, we show that LMP stimulates a phosphoinositide-initiated membrane tethering and lipid transport (PITT) pathway for rapid lysosomal repair. Upon LMP, phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase type 2α (PI4K2A) accumulates rapidly on damaged lysosomes, generating high levels of the lipid messenger phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. Lysosomal phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate in turn recruits multiple oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein (ORP) family members, including ORP9, ORP10, ORP11 and OSBP, to orchestrate extensive new membrane contact sites between damaged lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. The ORPs subsequently catalyse robust endoplasmic reticulum-to-lysosome transfer of phosphatidylserine and cholesterol to support rapid lysosomal repair. Finally, the lipid transfer protein ATG2 is also recruited to damaged lysosomes where its activity is potently stimulated by phosphatidylserine. Independent of macroautophagy, ATG2 mediates rapid membrane repair through direct lysosomal lipid transfer. Together, our findings identify that the PITT pathway maintains lysosomal membrane integrity, with important implications for numerous age-related diseases characterized by impaired lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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37
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Griffiths G, Gruenberg J, Marsh M, Wohlmann J, Jones AT, Parton RG. Nanoparticle entry into cells; the cell biology weak link. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114403. [PMID: 35777667 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) are attractive options for the therapeutic delivery of active pharmaceutical drugs, proteins and nucleic acids into cells, tissues and organs. Research into the development and application of NP most often starts with a diverse group of scientists, including chemists, bioengineers and material and pharmaceutical scientists, who design, fabricate and characterize NP in vitro (Stage 1). The next step (Stage 2) generally investigates cell toxicity as well as the processes by which NP bind, are internalized and deliver their cargo to appropriate model tissue culture cells. Subsequently, in Stage 3, selected NP are tested in animal systems, mostly mouse. Whereas the chemistry-based development and analysis in Stage 1 is increasingly sophisticated, the investigations in Stage 2 are not what could be regarded as 'state-of-the-art' for the cell biology field and the quality of research into NP interactions with cells is often sub-standard. In this review we describe our current understanding of the mechanisms by which particles gain entry into mammalian cells via endocytosis. We summarize the most important areas for concern, highlight some of the most common mis-conceptions, and identify areas where NP scientists could engage with trained cell biologists. Our survey of the different mechanisms of uptake into cells makes us suspect that claims for roles for caveolae, as well as macropinocytosis, in NP uptake into cells have been exaggerated, whereas phagocytosis has been under-appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Griffiths
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Mark Marsh
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, Wales CF103NB, UK
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
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38
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Shukla S, Larsen KP, Ou C, Rose K, Hurley JH. In vitro reconstitution of calcium-dependent recruitment of the human ESCRT machinery in lysosomal membrane repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205590119. [PMID: 35994655 PMCID: PMC9436306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205590119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is centrally involved in the repair of damage to both the plasma and lysosome membranes. ESCRT recruitment to sites of damage occurs on a fast time scale, and Ca2+ has been proposed to play a key signaling role in the process. Here, we show that the Ca2+-binding regulatory protein ALG-2 binds directly to negatively charged membranes in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Next, by monitoring the colocalization of ALIX with ALG-2 on negatively charged membranes, we show that ALG-2 recruits ALIX to the membrane. Furthermore, we show that ALIX recruitment to the membrane orchestrates the downstream assembly of late-acting CHMP4B, CHMP3, and CHMP2A subunits along with the AAA+ ATPase VPS4B. Finally, we show that ALG-2 can also recruit the ESCRT-III machinery to the membrane via the canonical ESCRT-I/II pathway. Our reconstitution experiments delineate the minimal sets of components needed to assemble the entire membrane repair machinery and open an avenue for the mechanistic understanding of endolysosomal membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Shukla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kevin P. Larsen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Chenxi Ou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Kevin Rose
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
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Kravić B, Bionda T, Siebert A, Gahlot P, Levantovsky S, Behrends C, Meyer H. Ubiquitin profiling of lysophagy identifies actin stabilizer CNN2 as a target of VCP/p97 and uncovers a link to HSPB1. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2633-2649.e7. [PMID: 35793674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is an underlying feature of diverse conditions including neurodegeneration. Cells respond by extensive ubiquitylation of membrane-associated proteins for clearance of the organelle through lysophagy that is facilitated by the ubiquitin-directed AAA-ATPase VCP/p97. Here, we assessed the ubiquitylated proteome upon acute LMP and uncovered a large diversity of targets and lysophagy regulators. They include calponin-2 (CNN2) that, along with the Arp2/3 complex, translocates to damaged lysosomes and regulates actin filaments to drive phagophore formation. Importantly, CNN2 needs to be ubiquitylated during the process and removed by VCP/p97 for efficient lysophagy. Moreover, we identified the small heat shock protein HSPB1 that assists VCP/p97 in the extraction of CNN2 and show that other membrane regulators including SNAREs, PICALM, AGFG1, and ARL8B are ubiquitylated during lysophagy. Our data reveal a framework of how ubiquitylation and two effectors, VCP/p97 and HSPB1, cooperate to protect cells from the deleterious effects of LMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Kravić
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tihana Bionda
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Siebert
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Pinki Gahlot
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophie Levantovsky
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Hemmo Meyer
- Center of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Uribe-Carretero E, Martinez-Chacón G, Yakhine-Diop SMS, Duque-González G, Rodríguez-Arribas M, Alegre-Cortés E, Paredes-Barquero M, Canales-Cortés S, Pizarro-Estrella E, Cuadrado A, González-Polo RA, Fuentes JM, Niso-Santano M. Loss of KEAP1 Causes an Accumulation of Nondegradative Organelles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071398. [PMID: 35883891 PMCID: PMC9311848 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KEAP1 is a cytoplasmic protein that functions as an adaptor for the Cullin-3-based ubiquitin E3 ligase system, which regulates the degradation of many proteins, including NFE2L2/NRF2 and p62/SQSTM1. Loss of KEAP1 leads to an accumulation of protein ubiquitin aggregates and defective autophagy. To better understand the role of KEAP1 in the degradation machinery, we investigated whether Keap1 deficiency affects the endosome-lysosomal pathway. We used KEAP1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and combined Western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopy with fluorometric and pulse chase assays to analyze the levels of lysosomal-endosomal proteins, lysosomal function, and autophagy activity. We found that the loss of keap1 downregulated the protein levels and activity of the cathepsin D enzyme. Moreover, KEAP1 deficiency caused lysosomal alterations accompanied by an accumulation of autophagosomes. Our study demonstrates that KEAP1 deficiency increases nondegradative lysosomes and identifies a new role for KEAP1 in lysosomal function that may have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Uribe-Carretero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Martinez-Chacón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sokhna M. S. Yakhine-Diop
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
| | - Gema Duque-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Arribas
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
| | - Eva Alegre-Cortés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Marta Paredes-Barquero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Saray Canales-Cortés
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elisa Pizarro-Estrella
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Ana González-Polo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.A.G.-P.); (J.M.F.); (M.N.-S.)
| | - José M. Fuentes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.A.G.-P.); (J.M.F.); (M.N.-S.)
| | - Mireia Niso-Santano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (E.U.-C.); (G.M.-C.); (G.D.-G.); (M.R.-A.); (E.A.-C.); (M.P.-B.); (S.C.-C.); (E.P.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.M.S.Y.-D.); (A.C.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.A.G.-P.); (J.M.F.); (M.N.-S.)
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41
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Lee J, Xu Y, Ye Y. Safeguarding Lysosomal Homeostasis by DNAJC5/CSPα-Mediated Unconventional Protein Secretion and Endosomal Microautophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906453. [PMID: 35620055 PMCID: PMC9127312 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a collection of genetically inherited neurological disorders characterized by vision loss, seizure, brain death, and premature lethality. At the cellular level, a key pathologic hallmark of NCL is the build-up of autofluorescent storage materials (AFSM) in lysosomes of both neurons and non-neuronal cells. Molecular dissection of the genetic lesions underlying NCLs has shed significant insights into how disruption of lysosomal homeostasis may lead to lipofuscin accumulation and NCLs. Intriguingly, recent studies on DNAJC5/CSPα, a membrane associated HSC70 co-chaperone, have unexpectedly linked lipofuscin accumulation to two intimately coupled protein quality control processes at endolysosomes. This review discusses how deregulation of unconventional protein secretion and endosomal microautophagy (eMI) contributes to lipofuscin accumulation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Jaldin-Fincati J, Moussaoui S, Gimenez MC, Ho CY, Lancaster CE, Botelho R, Ausar F, Brookes R, Terebiznik M. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant diverts the uptake and trafficking of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin to lysosomes in macrophages. Mol Microbiol 2022; 117:1173-1195. [PMID: 35344242 PMCID: PMC9321756 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum salts have been successfully utilized as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens since the 1930s. However, the cellular mechanisms behind the immune adjuvanticity effect of these materials in antigen‐presenting cells are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the uptake and trafficking of aluminum oxy‐hydroxide (AlOOH), in RAW 264.7 murine and U‐937 human macrophages‐like cells. Furthermore, we determined the impact that the adsorption to AlOOH particulates has on the trafficking of a Bordetella pertussis vaccine candidate, the genetically detoxified pertussis toxin (gdPT). Our results indicate that macrophages internalize AlOOH by constitutive macropinocytosis assisted by the filopodial protrusions that capture the adjuvant particles. Moreover, we show that AlOOH has the capacity to nonspecifically adsorb IgG, engaging opsonic phagocytosis, which is a feature that may allow for more effective capture and uptake of adjuvant particles by antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) at the site of vaccine administration. We found that AlOOH traffics to endolysosomal compartments that hold degradative properties. Importantly, while we show that gdPT escapes degradative endolysosomes and traffics toward the retrograde pathway, as reported for the wild‐type pertussis toxin, the adsorption to AlOOH diverts gdPT to traffic to the adjuvant’s lysosome‐type compartments, which may be key for MHC‐II‐driven antigen presentation and activation of CD4+ T cell. Thus, our findings establish a direct link between antigen adsorption to AlOOH and the intracellular trafficking of antigens within antigen‐presenting cells and bring to light a new potential mechanism for aluminum adjuvancy. Moreover, the in‐vitro single‐cell approach described herein provides a general framework and tools for understanding critical attributes of other vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jaldin-Fincati
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Serene Moussaoui
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Maria Cecilia Gimenez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Cheuk Y Ho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Charlene E Lancaster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Roberto Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fernando Ausar
- BioProcess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1755 Steeles Ave West, Toronto, Ontario M3R 3T4, Canada
| | - Roger Brookes
- BioProcess Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1755 Steeles Ave West, Toronto, Ontario M3R 3T4, Canada
| | - Mauricio Terebiznik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto at Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
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43
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Reinheckel T, Tholen M. Low level lysosomal membrane permeabilization for limited release and sub-lethal functions of cathepsin proteases in the cytosol and nucleus. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:694-707. [PMID: 35203107 PMCID: PMC8972055 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, lysosomes were purely seen as organelles in charge of garbage disposal within the cell. They destroy any cargo delivered into their lumen with a plethora of highly potent hydrolytic enzymes, including various proteases. In case of damage to their limiting membranes, the lysosomes release their soluble content with detrimental outcomes for the cell. In recent years however, this view of the lysosome changed towards acknowledging it as a platform for integration of manifold intra- and extracellular signals. Even impaired lysosomal membrane integrity is no longer considered to be a one-way street to cell death. Increasing evidence suggests that lysosomal enzymes, mainly cathepsin proteases, can be released in a spatially and temporarily restricted manner that is compatible with cellular survival. This way, cathepsins can act in the cytosol and the nucleus, where they affect important cellular processes such as cell division. Here, we review this evidence and discuss the routes and molecular mechanisms by which the cathepsins may reach their unusual destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martina Tholen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
Cells can respond to starvation by up-regulating stress responses that promote the recycling or scavenging of essential nutrients. We identify a starvation response that allows cells to store the essential amino acid leucine within lysosomes when extracellular amino acids are scarce. This “storage” response allows cells to sequester an essential amino acid in support of protein synthesis. We find that numerous essential amino acids are trafficked through lysosomes even when extracellular concentrations are high, suggesting that constitutive flux through lysosomes is related to starvation-induced storage. Cells acquire essential nutrients from the environment and utilize adaptive mechanisms to survive when nutrients are scarce. How nutrients are trafficked and compartmentalized within cells and whether they are stored in response to stress remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate amino acid trafficking and uncover evidence for the lysosomal transit of numerous essential amino acids. We find that starvation induces the lysosomal retention of leucine in a manner requiring RAG-GTPases and the lysosomal protein complex Ragulator, but that this process occurs independently of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 activity. We further find that stored leucine is utilized in protein synthesis and that inhibition of protein synthesis releases lysosomal stores. These findings identify a regulated starvation response that involves the lysosomal storage of leucine.
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45
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Zoncu R, Perera RM. Built to last: lysosome remodeling and repair in health and disease. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:597-610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Burgener SS, Brügger M, Leborgne NGF, Sollberger S, Basilico P, Kaufmann T, Bird PI, Benarafa C. Granule Leakage Induces Cell-Intrinsic, Granzyme B-Mediated Apoptosis in Mast Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:630166. [PMID: 34858967 PMCID: PMC8630627 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.630166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are multifunctional immune cells scattered in tissues near blood vessels and mucosal surfaces where they mediate important reactions against parasites and contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic reactions. Serine proteases released from secretory granules upon mast cell activation contribute to these functions by modulating cytokine activity, platelet activation and proteolytic neutralization of toxins. The forced release of granule proteases into the cytosol of mast cells to induce cell suicide has recently been proposed as a therapeutic approach to reduce mast cell numbers in allergic diseases, but the molecular pathways involved in granule-mediated mast cell suicide are incompletely defined. To identify intrinsic granule proteases that can cause mast cell death, we used mice deficient in cytosolic serine protease inhibitors and their respective target proteases. We found that deficiency in Serpinb1a, Serpinb6a, and Serpinb9a or in their target proteases did not alter the kinetics of apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation in vitro or the number of peritoneal mast cells in vivo. The serine protease cathepsin G induced marginal cell death upon mast cell granule permeabilization only when its inhibitors Serpinb1a or Serpinb6a were deleted. In contrast, the serine protease granzyme B was essential for driving apoptosis in mast cells. On granule permeabilization, granzyme B was required for caspase-3 processing and cell death. Moreover, cytosolic granzyme B inhibitor Serpinb9a prevented caspase-3 processing and mast cell death in a granzyme B-dependent manner. Together, our findings demonstrate that cytosolic serpins provide an inhibitory shield preventing granule protease-induced mast cell apoptosis, and that the granzyme B-Serpinb9a-caspase-3 axis is critical in mast cell survival and could be targeted in the context of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sofia Burgener
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Brügger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Georges François Leborgne
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophia Sollberger
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paola Basilico
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Theodor Kocher Institute, Department of Preclinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Preclinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Phillip Ian Bird
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Charaf Benarafa
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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The extracellular chaperone Clusterin enhances Tau aggregate seeding in a cellular model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4863. [PMID: 34381050 PMCID: PMC8357826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spreading of aggregate pathology across brain regions acts as a driver of disease progression in Tau-related neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia. Aggregate seeds released from affected cells are internalized by naïve cells and induce the prion-like templating of soluble Tau into neurotoxic aggregates. Here we show in a cellular model system and in neurons that Clusterin, an abundant extracellular chaperone, strongly enhances Tau aggregate seeding. Upon interaction with Tau aggregates, Clusterin stabilizes highly potent, soluble seed species. Tau/Clusterin complexes enter recipient cells via endocytosis and compromise the endolysosomal compartment, allowing transfer to the cytosol where they propagate aggregation of endogenous Tau. Thus, upregulation of Clusterin, as observed in AD patients, may enhance Tau seeding and possibly accelerate the spreading of Tau pathology. Variants of the extracellular chaperone Clusterin are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Clusterin levels are elevated in AD patient brains. Here, the authors show that Clusterin binds to oligomeric Tau, which enhances the seeding capacity of Tau aggregates upon cellular uptake. They also demonstrate that Tau/Clusterin complexes enter cells via the endosomal pathway, resulting in damage to endolysosomes and entry into the cytosol, where they induce the aggregation of endogenous, soluble Tau.
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48
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Sønder SL, Häger SC, Heitmann ASB, Frankel LB, Dias C, Simonsen AC, Nylandsted J. Restructuring of the plasma membrane upon damage by LC3-associated macropinocytosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg1969. [PMID: 34215587 PMCID: PMC11057704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane shapes and protects the eukaryotic cell from its surroundings and is crucial for cell life. Although initial repair mechanisms to reseal injured membranes are well established, less is known about how cells restructure damaged membranes in the aftermath to restore homeostasis. Here, we show that cells respond to plasma membrane injury by activating proteins associated with macropinocytosis specifically at the damaged membrane. Subsequent to membrane resealing, cells form large macropinosomes originating from the repair site, which eventually become positive for autophagy-related LC3B protein. This process occurs independent of ULK1, ATG13, and WIPI2 but dependent on ATG7, p62, and Rubicon. Internalized macropinosomes shrink in the cytoplasm, likely by osmotic draining, and eventually fuse with lysosomes. We propose that a form of macropinocytosis coupled to noncanonical autophagy, which we term LC3-associated macropinocytosis (LAM) functions to remove damaged material from the plasma membrane and restore membrane integrity upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Lauritzen Sønder
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swantje Christin Häger
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Busk Heitmann
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa B Frankel
- RNA and Autophagy, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Catarina Dias
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Cohen Simonsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3C, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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49
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Flotillin-Dependent Membrane Microdomains Are Required for Functional Phagolysosomes against Fungal Infections. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108017. [PMID: 32814035 PMCID: PMC10054021 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts form signaling platforms on biological membranes with incompletely characterized role in immune response to infection. Here we report that lipid-raft microdomains are essential components of phagolysosomal membranes of macrophages and depend on flotillins. Genetic deletion of flotillins demonstrates that the assembly of both major defense complexes vATPase and NADPH oxidase requires membrane microdomains. Furthermore, we describe a virulence mechanism leading to dysregulation of membrane microdomains by melanized wild-type conidia of the important human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus resulting in reduced phagolysosomal acidification. We show that phagolysosomes with ingested melanized conidia contain a reduced amount of free Ca2+ ions and that inhibition of Ca2+-dependent calmodulin activity led to reduced lipid-raft formation. We identify a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human FLOT1 gene resulting in heightened susceptibility for invasive aspergillosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Collectively, flotillin-dependent microdomains on the phagolysosomal membrane play an essential role in protective antifungal immunity.
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50
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Yabuki A, Miyara M, Umeda-Miyara K, Takao S, Sanoh S, Kotake Y. MiT/TFE family members suppress L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester-induced cell death. J Toxicol Sci 2021; 46:143-156. [PMID: 33642520 DOI: 10.2131/jts.46.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradative organelles essential for cell homeostasis. However, various internal and external stimuli, including L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (LLOMe), which is one of the common lysosomotropic agents, permeabilize the lysosomal membrane, leading to lysosome-dependent cell death because of leakage of lysosomal contents to the cytosol. The microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) family members, which include transcription factor EB (TFEB), transcription factor E3 (TFE3), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), are master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis and are known to be involved in the lysosomal stress response. However, their protective effects against cell death associated with lysosomal-membrane damage are still poorly understood. In this study, we confirmed that LLOMe-induced lysosomal damage triggered nuclear translocation of TFEB/TFE3/MITF and increased the mRNA levels of their target genes encoding lysosomal hydrolases and lysosomal membrane proteins in HeLa cells. Furthermore, we revealed that TFEB/TFE3/MITF knockdown exacerbated LLOMe-induced cell death. However, TFEB overexpression only slightly attenuated LLOMe-induced cell death, despite enhanced LLOMe-induced increase in CTSD mRNA levels, implying that the endogenous levels of MiT/TFE family members might be sufficient to promote lysosomal biogenesis in response to lysosomal-membrane damage. Our results suggest that MiT/TFE family members suppress the cell death associated with lysosomal-membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Yabuki
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Masatsugu Miyara
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | | | - Saya Takao
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Seigo Sanoh
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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