1
|
Yan B, Liao P, Han Z, Zhao J, Gao H, Liu Y, Chen F, Lei P. Association of aging related genes and immune microenvironment with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 369:S0165-0327(24)01744-0. [PMID: 39419187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between aging related genes (ARGs) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). METHODS The datasets GSE98793, GSE52790 and GSE39653 for MDD were obtained from the GEO database, and ARGs were obtained from the Human Aging Genome Resources database. Differential expression genes (DEGs) screening and GO, KEGG enrichment analysis were performed to uncover the underlying mechanisms. To identify key ARGs associated with MDD (key ARG-DEGs), we employed machine learning methods such as LASSO, SVM, and Random Forest, as well as the plug-ins CytoHubba-MCC and MCODE methods. SsGSEA was used to analyze the immune infiltration of MDD and healthy controls. Furthermore, we created risk prediction nomograms model and ROC curves to assess not only the ability of key ARG-DEGs to diagnose MDD, but also predicted miRNAs and transcription factors (TFs) that might interact. Finally, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to confirm the association of identified key ARG-DEGs with depression. RESULTS DEGs of ARGs between MDD and healthy controls led to the identification of eight ARG-DEGs. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that the pathways associated with these eight ARG-DEGs were primarily concentrated in Foxo pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, Pl3K-AKT pathway, and metabolic diseases. A comprehensive analysis further narrowed down the 8 ARG-DEGs to 4 key ARG-DEGs: MMP9, IL7R, S100B, and EGF. Immune infiltration analysis indicated significant differences in CD8(+) T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, Th2 cells, and TIL cells between MDD and control groups, correlating with these four key ARG-DEGs. Based on these four key ARG-DEGs, a risk prediction model for MDD was developed. The miRNA-TF-mRNA interaction network of the key ARG-DEGs highlights the complexity of the regulatory process, providing valuable insights for future related research. The MR study suggested a potential causal relationship between MMP9 and the risk of depression. CONCLUSION The process of aging, immune dysregulation, and MDD are closely interconnected. MMP9, IL7R, S100B, and EGF may be used as novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for MDD, especially MMP9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Pan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300052, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhaoli Han
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Fanglian Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300052, China.
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300052, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vázquez-Mojena Y, Rodríguez-Labrada R, Córdova-Rodríguez Y, Domínguez-Barrios Y, Fernández-Herrera ME, León-Arcia K, Pavón-Fuentes N, Robinson-Agramonte MDLA, Velázquez-Pérez L. Serum S100β Levels Are Linked with Cognitive Decline and Peripheral Inflammation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1509-1520. [PMID: 38347269 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies have indicated a potential role of the protein S100β in the pathogenesis and phenotype of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its impact on spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) remains to be elucidated. The objective of the study is to determine the serum levels of S100β in SCA2 and its relationship with molecular, clinical, cognitive, and peripheral inflammatory markers of the disease. Serum concentrations of S100β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 39 SCA2 subjects and 36 age- and gender-matched controls. Clinical scores of ataxia, non-ataxia symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and some blood cell count-derived inflammatory indices were assessed. The SCA2 individuals manifested S100β levels similar to the control group, at low nanomolar concentrations. However, the S100β levels were directly associated with a better performance of cognitive evaluation within the SCA2 cohort. Moreover, the S100β levels were inversely correlated with most peripheral inflammatory indices. Indeed, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio significantly mediated the effect of serum S100β on cognitive performance, even after controlling for the ataxia severity in the causal mediation analysis. Our findings suggested that, within physiologic concentrations, the protein S100β exerts a neuroprotective role against cognitive dysfunction in SCA2, likely via the suppression of pro-inflammatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaimeé Vázquez-Mojena
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cuban Centre for Neuroscience, 190 St, Between 25 St & 27 St, 11300, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Labrada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cuban Centre for Neuroscience, 190 St, Between 25 St & 27 St, 11300, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
- Cuban Centre for Neurosciences, 190 Street, 19818, Between 25 & 27, 11600, Cubanacan, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Yanetsy Córdova-Rodríguez
- Institute of Nephrology "Abelardo Buch López", 26 Avenue & Rancho Boyeros Avenue10400, Plaza de La Revolución, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yennis Domínguez-Barrios
- Clinical & Surgical Hospital "Calixto Garcia", Universidad Avenue & J St, Vedado10400, Plaza de La Revolución, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mario E Fernández-Herrera
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Havana, 146 St, 3102, 11300, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Karen León-Arcia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cuban Centre for Neuroscience, 190 St, Between 25 St & 27 St, 11300, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nancy Pavón-Fuentes
- Neuroimmunology Dept, International Centre for Neurological Restoration, 25 Avenue 15805, Between 158 St & 160 St, 11300, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Luis Velázquez-Pérez
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Havana, 146 St, 3102, 11300, Playa, Havana, Cuba
- Cuban Academy of Sciences, Cuba St 460, Between Teniente Rey & Amargura, Habana Vieja, 10100, Havana, Cuba
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata St Between G St & Carlitos Aguirre St, 10400, Plaza de La Revolución, Havana, Cuba
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernández-Ortega K, Canul-Euan AA, Solis-Paredes JM, Borboa-Olivares H, Reyes-Muñoz E, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Camacho-Arroyo I. S100B actions on glial and neuronal cells in the developing brain: an overview. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1425525. [PMID: 39027325 PMCID: PMC11256909 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1425525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The S100B is a member of the S100 family of "E" helix-loop- "F" helix structure (EF) hand calcium-binding proteins expressed in diverse glial, selected neuronal, and various peripheral cells, exerting differential effects. In particular, this review compiles descriptions of the detection of S100B in different brain cells localized in specific regions during the development of humans, mice, and rats. Then, it summarizes S100B's actions on the differentiation, growth, and maturation of glial and neuronal cells in humans and rodents. Particular emphasis is placed on S100B regulation of the differentiation and maturation of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (OL), and the stimulation of dendritic development in serotoninergic and cerebellar neurons during embryogenesis. We also summarized reports that associate morphological alterations (impaired neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration, altered radial glial cell morphology) of specific neural cell groups during neurodevelopment and functional disturbances (slower rate of weight gain, impaired spatial learning) with changes in the expression of S100B caused by different conditions and stimuli as exposure to stress, ethanol, cocaine and congenital conditions such as Down's Syndrome. Taken together, this evidence highlights the impact of the expression and early actions of S100B in astrocytes, OL, and neurons during brain development, which is reflected in the alterations in differentiation, growth, and maturation of these cells. This allows the integration of a spatiotemporal panorama of S100B actions in glial and neuronal cells in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hernández-Ortega
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Alejandro Canul-Euan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Perinatology Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu Y, Lu Y, Kong L, Xie Y, Liu W, Yang A, Xin K, Yan X, Wu L, Liu Y, Zhu Q, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Tang Y, Wu F. Gender differences in plasma S100B levels of patients with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:387. [PMID: 38783266 PMCID: PMC11112965 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low concentrations of S100B have neurotrophic effects and can promote nerve growth and repair, which plays an essential role in the pathophysiological and histopathological alterations of major depressive disorder (MDD) during disease development. Studies have shown that plasma S100B levels are altered in patients with MDD. In this study, we investigated whether the plasma S100B levels in MDD differ between genders. METHODS We studied 235 healthy controls (HCs) (90 males and 145 females) and 185 MDD patients (65 males and 120 females). Plasma S100B levels were detected via multifactor assay. The Mahalanobis distance method was used to detect the outliers of plasma S100B levels in the HC and MDD groups. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of six groups of S100B samples. The Mann-Whitney test and Scheirer-Ray-Hare test were used for the comparison of S100B between diagnoses and genders, and the presence of a relationship between plasma S100B levels and demographic details or clinical traits was assessed using Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS All individuals in the HC group had plasma S100B levels that were significantly greater than those in the MDD group. In the MDD group, males presented significantly higher plasma S100B levels than females. In the male group, the plasma S100B levels in the HC group were significantly higher than those in the MDD group, while in the female group, no significant difference was found between the HC and MDD groups. In the male MDD subgroup, there was a positive correlation between plasma S100B levels and years of education. In the female MDD subgroup, there were negative correlations between plasma S100B levels and age and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, plasma S100B levels vary with gender and are decreased in MDD patients, which may be related to pathological alterations in glial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yihui Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- Faculty of Public Health, China Medical University, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Kaiqi Xin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Longhai Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Qianying Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Shenyang Mental Health Center, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Brain Function Research Section, Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, 110001, Liaoning, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Coelho R, De Benedictis CA, Sauer AK, Figueira AJ, Faustino H, Grabrucker AM, Gomes CM. Secondary Modification of S100B Influences Anti Amyloid-β Aggregation Activity and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1787. [PMID: 38339064 PMCID: PMC10855146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteinaceous aggregates accumulate in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), inducing cellular defense mechanisms and altering the redox status. S100 pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly S100B, are activated during AD, but recent findings reveal an unconventional molecular chaperone role for S100B in hindering Aβ aggregation and toxicity. This suggests a potential protective role for S100B at the onset of Aβ proteotoxicity, occurring in a complex biochemical environment prone to oxidative damage. Herein, we report an investigation in which extracellular oxidative conditions are mimicked to test if the susceptibility of S100B to oxidation influences its protective activities. Resorting to mild oxidation of S100B, we observed methionine oxidation as inferred from mass spectrometry, but no cysteine-mediated crosslinking. Structural analysis showed that the folding, structure, and stability of oxidized S100B were not affected, and nor was its quaternary structure. However, studies on Aβ aggregation kinetics indicated that oxidized S100B was more effective in preventing aggregation, potentially linked to the oxidation of Met residues within the S100:Aβ binding cleft that favors interactions. Using a cell culture model to analyze the S100B functions in a highly oxidative milieu, as in AD, we observed that Aβ toxicity is rescued by the co-administration of oxidized S100B to a greater extent than by S100B. Additionally, results suggest a disrupted positive feedback loop involving S100B which is caused by its oxidation, leading to the downstream regulation of IL-17 and IFN-α2 expression as mediated by S100B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Coelho
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.C.); (A.J.F.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Chiara A. De Benedictis
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland; (C.A.D.B.); (A.K.S.)
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ann Katrin Sauer
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland; (C.A.D.B.); (A.K.S.)
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
| | - António J. Figueira
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.C.); (A.J.F.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélio Faustino
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Oliveira do Hospital, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição No. 2, 3405-155 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland; (C.A.D.B.); (A.K.S.)
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94PH61 Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cláudio M. Gomes
- BioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.C.); (A.J.F.)
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kosmachevskaya OV, Novikova NN, Yakunin SN, Topunov AF. Formation of Supplementary Metal-Binding Centers in Proteins under Stress Conditions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S180-S204. [PMID: 38621750 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In many proteins, supplementary metal-binding centers appear under stress conditions. They are known as aberrant or atypical sites. Physico-chemical properties of proteins are significantly changed after such metal binding, and very stable protein aggregates are formed, in which metals act as "cross-linking" agents. Supplementary metal-binding centers in proteins often arise as a result of posttranslational modifications caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and reactive carbonyl compounds. New chemical groups formed as a result of these modifications can act as ligands for binding metal ions. Special attention is paid to the role of cysteine SH-groups in the formation of supplementary metal-binding centers, since these groups are the main target for the action of reactive species. Supplementary metal binding centers may also appear due to unmasking of amino acid residues when protein conformation changing. Appearance of such centers is usually considered as a pathological process. Such unilateral approach does not allow to obtain an integral view of the phenomenon, ignoring cases when formation of metal complexes with altered proteins is a way to adjust protein properties, activity, and stability under the changed redox conditions. The role of metals in protein aggregation is being studied actively, since it leads to formation of non-membranous organelles, liquid condensates, and solid conglomerates. Some proteins found in such aggregates are typical for various diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and some types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Kosmachevskaya
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | | | - Sergey N Yakunin
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Alexey F Topunov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maroto-García J, Martínez-Escribano A, Delgado-Gil V, Mañez M, Mugueta C, Varo N, García de la Torre Á, Ruiz-Galdón M. Biochemical biomarkers for multiple sclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 548:117471. [PMID: 37419300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although there is currently no definite cure for MS, new therapies have recently been developed based on a continuous search for new biomarkers. DEVELOPMENT MS diagnosis relies on the integration of clinical, imaging and laboratory findings as there is still no singlepathognomonicclinical feature or diagnostic laboratory biomarker. The most commonly laboratory test used is the presence of immunoglobulin G oligoclonal bands (OCB) in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. This test is now included in the 2017 McDonald criteria as a biomarker of dissemination in time. Nevertheless, there are other biomarkers currently in use such as kappa free light chain, which has shown higher sensitivity and specificity for MS diagnosis than OCB. In addition, other potential laboratory tests involved in neuronal damage, demyelination and/or inflammation could be used for detecting MS. CONCLUSIONS CSF and serum biomarkers have been reviewed for their use in MS diagnosis and prognosis to stablish an accurate and prompt MS diagnosis, crucial to implement an adequate treatment and to optimize clinical outcomes over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maroto-García
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Malaga, Spain.
| | - Ana Martínez-Escribano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Malaga, Spain; Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-ARRIXACA, Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia Delgado-Gil
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Minerva Mañez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - Carmen Mugueta
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Spain
| | - Nerea Varo
- Biochemistry Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Spain
| | - Ángela García de la Torre
- Clinical Analysis Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain; The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Maximiliano Ruiz-Galdón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Faculty of Medicine. University of Malaga, Spain; Clinical Analysis Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain; The Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rossi R, Douglas A, Gil SM, Jabrah D, Pandit A, Gilvarry M, McCarthy R, Prendergast J, Jood K, Redfors P, Nordanstig A, Ceder E, Dunker D, Carlqvist J, Szikora I, Thornton J, Tsivgoulis G, Psychogios K, Tatlisumak T, Rentzos A, Doyle KM. S100b in acute ischemic stroke clots is a biomarker for post-thrombectomy intracranial hemorrhages. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1067215. [PMID: 36756347 PMCID: PMC9900124 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1067215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Post-thrombectomy intracranial hemorrhages (PTIH) are dangerous complications of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) following mechanical thrombectomy. We aimed to investigate if S100b levels in AIS clots removed by mechanical thrombectomy correlated to increased risk of PTIH. Methods We analyzed 122 thrombi from 80 AIS patients in the RESTORE Registry of AIS clots, selecting an equal number of patients having been pre-treated or not with rtPA (40 each group). Within each subgroup, 20 patients had developed PTIH and 20 patients showed no signs of hemorrhage. Gross photos of each clot were taken and extracted clot area (ECA) was measured using ImageJ. Immunohistochemistry for S100b was performed and Orbit Image Analysis was used for quantification. Immunofluorescence was performed to investigate co-localization between S100b and T-lymphocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. Chi-square or Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Results PTIH was associated with higher S100b levels in clots (0.33 [0.08-0.85] vs. 0.07 [0.02-0.27] mm2, H1 = 6.021, P = 0.014*), but S100b levels were not significantly affected by acute thrombolytic treatment (P = 0.386). PTIH was also associated with patients having higher NIHSS at admission (20.0 [17.0-23.0] vs. 14.0 [10.5-19.0], H1 = 8.006, P = 0.005) and higher number of passes during thrombectomy (2 [1-4] vs. 1 [1-2.5], H1 = 5.995, P = 0.014*). S100b co-localized with neutrophils, macrophages and with T-lymphocytes in the clots. Conclusions Higher S100b expression in AIS clots, higher NIHSS at admission and higher number of passes during thrombectomy are all associated with PTIH. Further investigation of S100b expression in AIS clots by neutrophils, macrophages and T-lymphocytes could provide insight into the role of S100b in thromboinflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Rossi
- Department of Physiology and Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland,CÚRAM–SFI Research Centre in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,*Correspondence: Rosanna Rossi ✉
| | - Andrew Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland,CÚRAM–SFI Research Centre in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sara Molina Gil
- Department of Physiology and Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland,CÚRAM–SFI Research Centre in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Duaa Jabrah
- Department of Physiology and Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM–SFI Research Centre in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | | | - James Prendergast
- Department of Physiology and Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katarina Jood
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Redfors
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Nordanstig
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Ceder
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dennis Dunker
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeanette Carlqvist
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - István Szikora
- Department of Neurointerventions, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - John Thornton
- Department of Radiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Georgios Tsivgoulis
- Second Department of Neurology, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandros Rentzos
- Department of Interventional and Diagnostic Neuroradiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karen M. Doyle
- Department of Physiology and Galway Neuroscience Centre, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland,CÚRAM–SFI Research Centre in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Karen M. Doyle ✉
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Increased cerebrospinal fluid S100B protein levels in patients with trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2022; 165:959-965. [PMID: 36459237 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of neurovascular compression syndrome has not been fully elucidated, and cerebrospinal fluid levels of nerve tissue-related markers involved in this disorder have not yet been reported. METHODS We measured cerebrospinal fluid levels of S100B protein, neuron-specific enolase, and myelin basic protein in 21 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, 9 patients with hemifacial spasms, and 10 patients with non-ruptured intracranial aneurysms (control). Cerebrospinal fluid levels of these markers were determined using commercially available assay kits. RESULTS Both trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm groups showed significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of S100B compared with the control group (1120 [IQR 391-1420], 766 [IQR 583-1500], and 255 [IQR 190-285] pg/mL, respectively; p = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in cerebrospinal fluid levels of neuron-specific enolase or myelin basic protein among the groups. CONCLUSION Cerebrospinal fluid S100B levels were significantly higher in patients with trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm than in controls, which suggests the involvement of S100B in the underlying pathophysiology of neurovascular compression syndrome.
Collapse
|
10
|
Banote RK, Akel S, Zelano J. Blood biomarkers in epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 146:362-368. [PMID: 35411571 PMCID: PMC9790299 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Robust and accessible biomarkers are greatly needed in epilepsy. Diagnostic and prognostic precision in the clinic needs to improve, and there is a need for objective quantification of seizure burden. In recent years, there have been advances in the development of accessible and cost-effective blood-based biomarkers in neurology, and these are increasingly studied in epilepsy. However, the field is in its infancy and specificity and sensitivity for most biomarkers in most clinical situations are not known. This review describes advancements regarding human blood biomarkers in epilepsy. Examples of biochemical markers that have been shown to have higher blood concentrations in study subjects with epilepsy include brain proteins like S100B or neuronal specific enolase, and neuroinflammatory proteins like interleukins, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Some of the blood biomarkers also seem to reflect seizure duration or frequency, and levels decrease in response to treatment with antiseizure medication. For most biomarkers, the literature contains seemingly conflicting results. This is to be expected in an emerging field and could reflect different study populations, sampling or analysis techniques, and epilepsy classification. More studies are needed with emphasis put on the classification of epilepsy and seizure types. More standardized reporting could perhaps decrease result heterogeneity and increase the potential for data sharing and subgroup analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Banote
- Department of NeurologySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden,Department of Clinical NeuroscienceSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Sarah Akel
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Johan Zelano
- Department of NeurologySahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburgSweden,Department of Clinical NeuroscienceSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu YH, Kim SW, Kang J, Song Y, Im H, Kim SJ, Yoo DY, Lee MR, Park DK, Oh JS, Kim DS. Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Attenuates Anxious Phenotypes and Movement Disorder Induced by Mild Ischemic Stroke in Rats. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2022; 65:665-679. [PMID: 35430790 PMCID: PMC9452378 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Patients with mild ischemic stroke experience various sequela and residual symptoms, such as anxious behavior and deficits in movement. Few approaches have been proved to be effective and safe therapeutic approaches for patients with mild ischemic stroke by acute stroke. Sildenafil (SIL), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i), is a known remedy for neurodegenerative disorders and vascular dementia through its angiogenesis and neurogenesis effects. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of PDE5i in the emotional and behavioral abnormalities in rats with mild ischemic stroke.
Methods We divided the rats into four groups as follows (n=20, respectively) : group 1, naïve; group 2, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo30); group 3, MCAo30+SIL-pre; and group 4, MCAo30+SIL-post. In the case of drug administration groups, single dose of PDE5i (sildenafil citrate, 20 mg/kg) was given at 30-minute before and after reperfusion of MCAo in rats. After surgery, we investigated and confirmed the therapeutic effect of sildenafil on histology, immunofluorescence, behavioral assays and neural oscillations.
Results Sildenafil alleviated a neuronal loss and reduced the infarction volume. And results of behavior task and immunofluorescence shown possibility that anti-inflammation process and improve motor deficits sildenafil treatment after mild ischemic stroke. Furthermore, sildenafil treatment attenuated the alteration of theta-frequency rhythm in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, a known neural oscillatory marker for anxiety disorder in rodents, induced by mild ischemic stroke.
Conclusion PDE5i as effective therapeutic agents for anxiety and movement disorders and provide robust preclinical evidence to support the development and use of PDE5i for the treatment of mild ischemic stroke residual disorders.
Collapse
|
12
|
Forensic biomarkers of lethal traumatic brain injury. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:871-886. [PMID: 35226180 PMCID: PMC9005436 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and its accurate diagnosis is an important concern of daily forensic practice. However, it can be challenging to diagnose TBI in cases where macroscopic signs of the traumatic head impact are lacking and little is known about the circumstances of death. In recent years, several post-mortem studies investigated the possible use of biomarkers for providing objective evidence for TBIs as the cause of death or to estimate the survival time and time since death of the deceased. This work systematically reviewed the available scientific literature on TBI-related biomarkers to be used for forensic purposes. Post-mortem TBI-related biomarkers are an emerging and promising resource to provide objective evidence for cause of death determinations as well as survival time and potentially even time since death estimations. This literature review of forensically used TBI-biomarkers revealed that current markers have low specificity for TBIs and only provide limited information with regards to survival time estimations and time since death estimations. Overall, TBI fatality-related biomarkers are largely unexplored in compartments that are easily accessible during autopsies such as urine and vitreous humor. Future research on forensic biomarkers requires a strict distinction of TBI fatalities from control groups, sufficient sample sizes, combinations of currently established biomarkers, and novel approaches such as metabolomics and mi-RNAs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lead-Induced Motor Dysfunction Is Associated with Oxidative Stress, Proteome Modulation, and Neurodegeneration in Motor Cortex of Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5595047. [PMID: 34659634 PMCID: PMC8516562 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5595047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal with great neurotoxic potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a long-term Pb intoxication on the global proteomic profile, oxidative biochemistry and neuronal density in motor cortex of adult rats, and the possible outcomes related to motor functions. For this, Wistar rats received for 55 days a dose of 50 mg/Kg of Pb acetate by intragastric gavage. Then, the motor abilities were evaluated by open field and inclined plane tests. To investigate the possible oxidative biochemistry modulation, the levels of pro-oxidant parameters as lipid peroxidation and nitrites were evaluated. The global proteomic profile was evaluated by ultraefficiency liquid chromatography system coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) followed by bioinformatic analysis. Moreover, it was evaluated the mature neuron density by anti-NeuN immunostaining. The statistical analysis was performed through Student's t-test, considering p < 0.05. We observed oxidative stress triggering by the increase in malonaldehyde and nitrite levels in motor cortex. In the proteomic analysis, the motor cortex presented alterations in proteins associated with neural functioning, morphological organization, and neurodegenerative features. In addition, it was observed a decrease in the number of mature neurons. These findings, associated with previous evidences observed in spinal cord, cerebellum, and hippocampus under the same Pb administration protocol, corroborate with the motor deficits in the rats towards Pb. Thus, we conclude that the long-term administration to Pb in young Wistar rats triggers impairments at several organizational levels, such as biochemical and morphological, which resulted in poor motor performance.
Collapse
|
14
|
O'Leary LA, Mechawar N. Implication of cerebral astrocytes in major depression: A review of fine neuroanatomical evidence in humans. Glia 2021; 69:2077-2099. [PMID: 33734498 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem investigations have implicated astrocytes in many neurological and psychiatric conditions. Multiple brain regions from individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) have lower expression levels of astrocyte markers and lower densities of astrocytes labeled for these markers, suggesting a loss of astrocytes in this mental illness. This paper reviews the general properties of human astrocytes, the methods to study them, and the postmortem evidence for astrocyte pathology in MDD. When comparing astrocyte density and morphometry studies, astrocytes are more abundant and smaller in human subcortical than cortical brain regions, and immunohistochemical labeling for the astrocyte markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (VIM) reveals fewer than 15% of all astrocytes that are present in cortical and subcortical regions, as revealed using other staining techniques. By combining astrocyte densities and morphometry, a model was made to illustrate that domain organization is mostly limited to GFAP-IR astrocytes. Using these markers and others, alterations of astrocyte densities appear more widespread than those for astrocyte morphologies throughout the brain of individuals having died with MDD. This review suggests how reduced astrocyte densities may relate to the association of depressive episodes in MDD with elevated S100 beta (S100B) cerebrospinal fluid serum levels. Finally, a potassium imbalance theory is proposed that integrates the reduced astrocyte densities generated from postmortem studies with a hypothesis for the antidepressant effects of ketamine generated from rodent studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liam Anuj O'Leary
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Quebec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hua M, Min J. Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and the Protective Effects of Enriched Environment: A Systematic Review. NEURODEGENER DIS 2021; 20:113-122. [PMID: 33601385 DOI: 10.1159/000513196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the number of individuals who undergo surgery is greatly increased. As a consequence, postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has gradually gained more attention. SUMMARY POCD is a perioperative complication requiring sensitive preoperative and postoperative neuropsychiatric tests, and its incidence in both cardiac and noncardiac surgery is high, especially in elderly individuals. Surgical, patient, and anesthetic factors may all lead to the occurrence and development of POCD. The key mechanism of POCD may be the inflammatory response of the central nervous system during surgery, which is similar to that of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Enriched environment (EE), a factor that can significantly improve and prevent neurodegenerative diseases, may have a beneficial effect on POCD. Key Messages: This review aims to elucidate the mechanism of the occurrence and development of POCD, analyze the possible influence of EE on POCD at the molecular level, and provide a direction for its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momin Hua
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia Min
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Asanuma M, Miyazaki I. [Anti-oxidants in astrocytes as target of neuroprotection for Parkinson's disease]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:14-20. [PMID: 33390474 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.20071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that dysfunction of astrocytes is involved vulnerability of neuronal cells in several neurological disorders. Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intrinsic antioxidant in the central nervous system, and its substrate cysteine is readily becomes the oxidized dimeric cystine. Since neurons lack a cystine transport system, neuronal GSH synthesis depends on cystine uptake via the cystine/glutamate exchange transporter (xCT), GSH synthesis and release in/from surrounding astrocytes. The expression and release of the zinc-binding protein metallothionein (MT) in astrocytes, which is a strong antioxidant, is induced and exerts neuroprotective in the case of dopaminergic neuronal damage. In addition, the transcription factor Nrf2 induces expression of MT-1 and GSH related molecules. We previously revealed that several antiepileptic drugs, serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists, plant-derived chemicals (phytochemicals) increased xCT expression, Nrf2 activation, GSH or MT expression and release in/from astrocytes, and exerted a neuroprotective effect against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease model. Our serial studies on neuroprotection via antioxidant defense mechanism of astrocytes have found three target molecular systems of astrocytes for neuroprotection: (1) xCT-GSH synthetic system, (2) Nrf2 system and (3) 5-HT1A receptor-Nrf2-MT system, 5-HT1A-S100β system. In this article, possible neuroprotective strategy for Parkinson's disease has been reviewed targeting antioxidative molecules in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Asanuma
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentist and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Ikuko Miyazaki
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentist and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yadav A, Tandon A, Seth B, Goyal S, Singh SJ, Tiwari SK, Agarwal S, Nair S, Chaturvedi RK. Cypermethrin Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functions by Altering Neural Fate Decisions in the Rat Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:263-280. [PMID: 32920670 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a developmental process that involves fine-tuned coordination between self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons. However, early-life assault with environmental toxicants interferes with the regular function of genes, proteins, and other molecules that build brain architecture resulting in attenuated neurogenesis. Cypermethrin is a class II synthetic pyrethroid pesticide extensively used in agriculture, veterinary, and residential applications due to its low mammalian toxicity, high bio-efficacy, and enhanced stability. Despite reports on cypermethrin-mediated behavioral and biochemical alterations, till now, no study implicates whether cypermethrin exposure has any effect on neurogenesis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to comprehend the effects of cypermethrin treatment on embryonic and adult neurogenesis. We found that cypermethrin exposure led to a considerable decrease in the BrdU/Sox-2+, BrdU/Dcx+, and BrdU/NeuN+ co-labeled cells indicating that cypermethrin treatment decreases NSC proliferation and generation of mature and functional neurons. On the contrary, the generation of BrdU/S100β+ glial cells was increased resulting in neurogliogenesis imbalance in the hippocampus. Further, cypermethrin treatment also led to an increased number of BrdU/cleaved caspase-3+ and Fluoro-Jade B+ cells suggesting an induction of apoptosis in NSCs and increased degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus. Overall, these results explicate that cypermethrin exposure not only reduces the NSC pool but also disturbs the neuron-astrocyte ratio and potentiates neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, leading to cognitive dysfunctions in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ankit Tandon
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Brashket Seth
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sangh Jyoti Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shashi Kant Tiwari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Swati Agarwal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Saumya Nair
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
La Rosa C, Cavallo F, Pecora A, Chincarini M, Ala U, Faulkes CG, Nacher J, Cozzi B, Sherwood CC, Amrein I, Bonfanti L. Phylogenetic variation in cortical layer II immature neuron reservoir of mammals. eLife 2020; 9:55456. [PMID: 32690132 PMCID: PMC7373429 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian brain is mainly composed of mature neurons. A limited amount of stem cell-driven neurogenesis persists in postnatal life and is reduced in large-brained species. Another source of immature neurons in adult brains is cortical layer II. These cortical immature neurons (cINs) retain developmentally undifferentiated states in adulthood, though they are generated before birth. Here, the occurrence, distribution and cellular features of cINs were systematically studied in 12 diverse mammalian species spanning from small-lissencephalic to large-gyrencephalic brains. In spite of well-preserved morphological and molecular features, the distribution of cINs was highly heterogeneous, particularly in neocortex. While virtually absent in rodents, they are present in the entire neocortex of many other species and their linear density in cortical layer II generally increased with brain size. These findings suggest an evolutionary developmental mechanism for plasticity that varies among mammalian species, granting a reservoir of young cells for the cerebral cortex. To acquire new skills or recover after injuries, the mammalian brain relies on plasticity, the ability for the brain to change its architecture and its connections during the lifetime of an animal. Creating new nerve cells is one way to achieve plasticity, but this process is rarer in humans than it is in mammals with smaller brains. In particular, it is absent in the human cortex: this region is enlarged in species with large brains, where it carries out complex tasks such as learning and memory. Producing new cells in the cortex would threaten the stability of the structures that retain long-term memories. Another route to plasticity is to reshape the connections between existing, mature nerve cells. This process takes place in the human brain during childhood and adolescence, as some connections are strengthened and others pruned away. An alternative mechanism relies on keeping some nerve cells in an immature, ‘adolescent’ state. When needed, these nerve cells emerge from their state of arrested development and ‘grow up’, connecting with the appropriate brain circuits. This mechanism does not involve producing new nerve cells, and so it would be suitable to maintain plasticity in the cortex. Consistent with this idea, in mice some dormant nerve cells are present in a small, primitive part of the cortex. La Rosa et al. therefore wanted to determine if the location and number of immature cells in the cortex differed between mammals, and if so, whether these differences depended on brain size. The study spanned 12 mammal species, from small-brained species like mice to larger-brained animals including sheep and non-human primates. Microscopy imaging was used to identify immature nerve cells in brain samples, which revealed that the cortex in larger-brained species contained more adolescent cells than its mouse counterpart. The difference was greatest in a region called the neocortex, which has evolved most recently. This area is most pronounced in primates – especially humans – where it carries out high-level cognitive tasks. These results identify immature nerve cells as a potential mechanism for plasticity in the cortex. La Rosa et al. hope that the work will inspire searches for similar reservoirs of young cells in humans, which could perhaps lead to new treatments for brain disorders like dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara La Rosa
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Cavallo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecora
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy
| | - Matteo Chincarini
- Università degli Studi di Teramo, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ugo Ala
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Chris G Faulkes
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Nacher
- Neurobiology Unit, BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, and Spanish Network for Mental Health Research CIBERSAM, València, Spain
| | - Bruno Cozzi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington DC, United States
| | - Irmgard Amrein
- D-HEST, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bonfanti
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Orbassano, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Evaluation of Preoperative and Postoperative S100β and NSE Levels in Liver Transplantation and Right Lobe Living-Donor Hepatectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study. Transplant Proc 2020; 53:16-24. [PMID: 32605771 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.04.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to evaluate plasma neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100β levels in orthotopic liver transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 56 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation were divided into 3 groups. Healthy donors (group D), end-stage liver failure (ESLF) patients (recipient, group R), and ESLF patients diagnosed with hepatic encephalopathy (HE, group HE). Prognosis, preoperative routine laboratory findings, serum NSE, and S100β in samples obtained preoperation and first and sixth months postoperation were analyzed. RESULTS Serum NSE and S100β levels were significantly higher in ESLF patients compared to healthy donors, particularly during the preoperative period. There was a significant decrease in serum NSE and S100β in ESLF patients during the postoperative measurement periods compared to preoperative levels. Serum NSE and S100β levels measured at 3 different time points showed no significant difference between ESLF patients and ESLF patients with HE. However, the recent Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores showed a significant correlation with serum NSE and S100β in ESLF patients diagnosed with HE. Serum NSE and S100β levels in healthy donors significantly increased within the first month following hepatectomy and decreased in the sixth month following surgery. CONCLUSION Although serum NSE and S100β levels significantly decreased with improved liver function in recipients following liver transplantation, there was no complete recovery within 6 months after surgery. The increase in serum levels of NSE and S100β in donors measured following hepatectomy was detected to remain slightly higher in the sixth postoperative months.
Collapse
|
20
|
Early AN, Gorman AA, Van Eldik LJ, Bachstetter AD, Morganti JM. Effects of advanced age upon astrocyte-specific responses to acute traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:115. [PMID: 32290848 PMCID: PMC7158022 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01800-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older-age individuals are at the highest risk for disability from a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Astrocytes are the most numerous glia in the brain, necessary for brain function, yet there is little known about unique responses of astrocytes in the aged-brain following TBI. METHODS Our approach examined astrocytes in young adult, 4-month-old, versus aged, 18-month-old mice, at 1, 3, and 7 days post-TBI. We selected these time points to span the critical period in the transition from acute injury to presumably irreversible tissue damage and disability. Two approaches were used to define the astrocyte contribution to TBI by age interaction: (1) tissue histology and morphological phenotyping, and (2) transcriptomics on enriched astrocytes from the injured brain. RESULTS Aging was found to have a profound effect on the TBI-induced loss of astrocyte function needed for maintaining water transport and edema-namely, aquaporin-4. The aged brain also demonstrated a progressive exacerbation of astrogliosis as a function of time after injury. Moreover, clasmatodendrosis, an underrecognized astrogliopathy, was found to be significantly increased in the aged brain, but not in the young brain. As a function of TBI, we observed a transitory refraction in the number of these astrocytes, which rebounded by 7 days post-injury in the aged brain. Transcriptomic data demonstrated disproportionate changes in genes attributed to reactive astrocytes, inflammatory response, complement pathway, and synaptic support in aged mice following TBI compared to young mice. Additionally, our data highlight that TBI did not evoke a clear alignment with the previously defined "A1/A2" dichotomy of reactive astrogliosis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings point toward a progressive phenotype of aged astrocytes following TBI that we hypothesize to be maladaptive, shedding new insights into potentially modifiable astrocyte-specific mechanisms that may underlie increased fragility of the aged brain to trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria N Early
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Room 433, Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Amy A Gorman
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Room 433, Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Room 433, Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Adam D Bachstetter
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Room 433, Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Josh M Morganti
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Room 433, Sanders-Brown Bldg., 800 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Corrêa MG, Bittencourt LO, Nascimento PC, Ferreira RO, Aragão WAB, Silva MCF, Gomes-Leal W, Fernandes MS, Dionizio A, Buzalaf MR, Crespo-Lopez ME, Lima RR. Spinal cord neurodegeneration after inorganic mercury long-term exposure in adult rats: Ultrastructural, proteomic and biochemical damages associated with reduced neuronal density. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110159. [PMID: 31962214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is a chemical pollutant widely found in the environment. This form of mercury is able to promote several damages to the Central Nervous System (CNS), however the effects of HgCl2 on the spinal cord, an important pathway for the communication between the CNS and the periphery, are still poorly understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of HgCl2 exposure on spinal cord of adult rats. For this, animals were exposed to a dose of 0.375 mg/kg/day, for 45 days. Then, they were euthanized, the spinal cord collected and we investigated the mercury concentrations in medullary parenchyma and the effects on oxidative biochemistry, proteomic profile and tissue structures. Our results showed that exposure to this metal promoted increased levels of Hg in the spinal cord, impaired oxidative biochemistry by triggering oxidative stress, mudulated antioxidant system proteins, energy metabolism and myelin structure; as well as caused disruption in the myelin sheath and reduction in neuronal density. Despite the low dose, we conclude that prolonged exposure to HgCl2 triggers biochemical changes and modulates the expression of several proteins, resulting in damage to the myelin sheath and reduced neuronal density in the spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Gonçalves Corrêa
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cunha Nascimento
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Railson Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Walessa Alana Bragança Aragão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Freitas Silva
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Walace Gomes-Leal
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Mileni Silva Fernandes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-Lopez
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Juneja DS, Nasuto S, Delivopoulos E. Fast and Efficient Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Into ATP-Responsive Astrocytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:579. [PMID: 32038173 PMCID: PMC6985097 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are multifunctional cells in the CNS, involved in the regulation of neurovascular coupling, the modulation of electrolytes, and the cycling of neurotransmitters at synapses. Induction of astrocytes from stem cells remains a largely underdeveloped area, as current protocols are time consuming, lack granularity in astrocytic subtype generation, and often are not as efficient as neural induction methods. In this paper we present an efficient method to differentiate astrocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells. Our technique uses a cell suspension protocol to produce embryoid bodies (EBs) that are neurally inducted and seeded onto laminin coated surfaces. Plated EBs attach to the surface and release migrating cells to their surrounding environment, which are further inducted into the astrocytic lineage, through an optimized, heparin-based media. Characterization and functional assessment of the cells consists of immunofluorescent labeling for specific astrocytic proteins and sensitivity to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulation. Our experimental results show that even at the earliest stages of the protocol, cells are positive for astrocytic markers (GFAP, ALDH1L1, S100β, and GLAST) with variant expression patterns and purinergic receptors (P2Y). Generated astrocytes also exhibit differential Ca2+ transients upon stimulation with ATP, which evolve over the differentiation period. Metabotropic purinoceptors P2Y1R are expressed and we offer preliminary evidence that metabotropic purinoceptors contribute to Ca2+ transients. Our protocol is simple, efficient and fast, facilitating its use in multiple investigations, particularly in vitro studies of engineered neural networks.
Collapse
|
23
|
E. Abdel-Ghaffar W, Ahmed S, Mahmoud El reweny E, Elfatatry A, Elmesky M, Hashad D. The role of s100b as a predictor of the functional outcome in geriatric patients with acute cerebrovascular stroke. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-019-0105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
24
|
Elastin-derived peptide VGVAPG affects the proliferation of mouse cortical astrocytes with the involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ), and elastin-binding protein (EBP). Cytokine 2019; 126:154930. [PMID: 31760184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During aging and ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, elastin molecules are degraded and elastin-derived peptides are released into the brain microenvironment. Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VGVAPG) is a repeating hexapeptide in the elastin molecule. It is well documented that the peptide sequence binds with high affinity to elastin-binding protein (EBP) located on the cell surface, thereby transducing a molecular signal into the cell. The aim of our study was to investigate whether EBP, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) are involved in VGVAPG-stimulated proliferation. Primary astrocytes were maintained in DMEM/F12 medium without phenol red, supplemented with 10 or 1% charcoal/dextran-treated fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of VGVAPG peptide, and resazurin reduction was measured. In addition, Glb1, Pparγ, and Ahr genes were silenced. After 48 h of exposure to 10 nM and 1 µM of VGVAPG peptide, the level of estradiol (E2) and the expression of Ki67 and S100B proteins were measured. The results showed that at a wide range of concentrations, VGVAPG peptide increased the metabolism of astrocytes depending on the concentration of FBS. After silencing of Glb1, Pparγ, and Ahr genes, VGVAPG peptide did not affect the cell metabolism which suggests the involvement of all the mentioned receptors in its mechanism of action. Interestingly, in the low-FBS medium, the silencing of Glb1 gene did not result in complete inhibition of VGVAPG-stimulated proliferation. On the other hand, in the medium with 10% FBS VGVAPG increased Ki67 expression after Pparγ silencing, whereas in the medium with 1% FBS VGVAPG decreased Ki67 expression. Following the application of Ahr siRNA, VGVAPG peptide decreased the production of E2 and increased the expression of Ki67 and S100B proteins.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zupanc GK. Stem‐Cell‐Driven Growth and Regrowth of the Adult Spinal Cord in Teleost Fish. Dev Neurobiol 2019; 79:406-423. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Günther K.H. Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Deitos A, Soldatelli MD, Dussán-Sarria JA, Souza A, da Silva Torres IL, Fregni F, Caumo W. Novel Insights of Effects of Pregabalin on Neural Mechanisms of Intracortical Disinhibition in Physiopathology of Fibromyalgia: An Explanatory, Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:406. [PMID: 30510505 PMCID: PMC6252339 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The fibromyalgia (FM) physiopathology involves an intracortical excitability/inhibition imbalance as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation measures (TMS). TMS measures provide an index that can help to understand how the basal neuronal plasticity state (i.e., levels of the serum neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and S100-B protein) could predict the effect of therapeutic approaches on the cortical circuitries. We used an experimental paradigm to evaluate if pregabalin could be more effective than a placebo, to improve the disinhibition in the cortical circuitries in FM patients, than in healthy subjects (HS). We compared the acute intragroup effect of pregabalin with the placebo in FM patients and healthy subjects (HS) on the current silent period (CSP) and short intracortical inhibition (SICI), which were the primary outcomes. Pain scores and the pain pressure threshold (PPT) were secondary outcomes. Methods: This study included 27 women (17 FM and 10 HS), with ages ranging from 19 to 65 years. In a blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, participants were randomized to receive, in a cross-over manner, oral pregabalin of 150 mg or a placebo. The cortical excitability pain measures were assessed before and 90 min after receiving the medication. Results: A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model revealed that in FM, pregabalin increased the CSP by 14.34% [confidence interval (CI) 95%; 4.02 to 21.63] and the placebo reduced the CSP by 1.58% (CI 95%; −57 to 25.9) (P = 0.00). Pregabalin reduced the SICI by 8.82% (CI 95%, −26 to 46.00) and the placebo increased it by 19.56% (CI 95%; 8.10 to 59.45; P = 0.02). Pregabalin also improved the pain measures. In the treatment group, the BDNF-adjusted index was positively correlated and the serum S100-B negatively correlated with the CSP, respectively. However, in the HS, pregabalin and the placebo did not induce a statistically significant effect in either intracortical excitability or pain measures. Conclusion: These results suggest that pregabalin’s effect on cortical neural networks occurs, particularly under basal neuronal hyperexcitability, because its impact on the cortical excitability and the pain measures was observed only in the FM group. This indicates that pregabalin increased the CSP to induce inhibition in specific neural networks, while it increased the SICI to improve the excitability in other neurobiological systems. Trial registration in clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02639533.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alícia Deitos
- Post-Gradaution in Medical Science at Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dorigatti Soldatelli
- Post-Gradaution in Medical Science at Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jairo Alberto Dussán-Sarria
- Post-Gradaution in Medical Science at Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,La Salle University Center, Canoas, Brazil
| | - Iraci Lucena da Silva Torres
- Pharmacology Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post-Gradaution in Medical Science at Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pain and Neuromodulation, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Anesthesiologist, Pain and Palliative Care Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Surgery Department, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Teng IT, Li X, Yadikar HA, Yang Z, Li L, Lyu Y, Pan X, Wang KK, Tan W. Identification and Characterization of DNA Aptamers Specific for Phosphorylation Epitopes of Tau Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14314-14323. [PMID: 30277395 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tau proteins are proteins that stabilize microtubules, but their hyperphosphorylation can result in the formation of protein aggregates and, over time, neurodegeneration. This phenomenon, termed tauopathy, is pathologically involved in several neurodegenerative disorders. DNA aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides capable of specific binding to target molecules. Using tau epitopes predisposed for phosphorylation, we identified six distinct aptamers that bind to tau at two phosphorylatable epitopes (Thr-231 and Ser-202) and to full-length Tau441 proteins with nanomolar affinity. In addition, several of these aptamers also inhibit tau phosphorylation (IT4, IT5, IT6) and tau oligomerization (IT3, IT4, IT5, IT6). This is the first report to identify tau epitope-specific aptamers. Such tau aptamers can be used to detect tau in biofluids and uncover the mechanism of tauopathy. They can be further developed into novel therapeutic agents in mitigating tauopathy-associated neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ting Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, UF Health Cancer Center , UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, UF Health Cancer Center , UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Hamad Ahmad Yadikar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Department of Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry , McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Department of Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry , McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Long Li
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, UF Health Cancer Center , UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Yifan Lyu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, UF Health Cancer Center , UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Chemistry, Department of Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry , McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States.,Brain Rehabilitation Research Center (BRRC) , Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center , 1601 SW Archer Road , Gainesville Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, UF Health Cancer Center , UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611-7200 , United States.,Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pawluski JL, Gemmel M. Perinatal SSRI medications and offspring hippocampal plasticity: interaction with maternal stress and sex. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:15-24. [PMID: 29858853 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is growing use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant (SSRI) medications during the perinatal period to treat maternal affective disorders. Perinatal SSRI exposure can have a long-term impact on offspring neuroplasticity and behavioral development that remains to be fully elucidated. This mini-review will summarize what is known about the effects of perinatal SSRIs on plasticity in the developing hippocampus, taking into account the role that maternal stress and depression may have. Emerging clinical findings and research in animal models will be discussed. In addition, sexually differentiated effects will be highlighted, as recent work shows that male offspring are often more sensitive to the effects of maternal stress, whereas female offspring can be more sensitive to perinatal SSRIs. Potential mechanisms behind these changes and aims for future research will also be discussed. Understanding the impact of perinatal SSRIs on neuroplasticity will provide better insight into the long-term effects of such medications on the health and well-being of both mother and child and may improve therapeutic approaches for maternal mood disorders during the perinatal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L Pawluski
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Mary Gemmel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gemmel M, Bögi E, Ragan C, Hazlett M, Dubovicky M, van den Hove DL, Oberlander TF, Charlier TD, Pawluski JL. Perinatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication (SSRI) effects on social behaviors, neurodevelopment and the epigenome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 85:102-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
30
|
Matute-Blanch C, Montalban X, Comabella M. Multiple sclerosis, and other demyelinating and autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:67-84. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
31
|
Umans RA, Sontheimer H. Combating malignant astrocytes: Strategies mitigating tumor invasion. Neurosci Res 2018; 126:22-30. [PMID: 29054465 PMCID: PMC6880651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are glial-derived, primary brain tumors that carry poor prognosis. Existing therapeutics are largely ineffective and dramatically affect quality of life. The standard of care details a taxing combination of surgical resection, radiation of the resection cavity, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, with treatment extending life by only an average of months (Maher et al., 2001; Stupp et al., 2005). Despite scientific and technological advancement, surgery remains the most important treatment modality. Therapeutic obstacles include xenobiotic protection conveyed by the blood-brain barrier (Zhang et al., 2015), invasiveness and therapeutic resistance of tumor cell populations (Bao et al., 2006), and distinctive attributes of secondary glioma occurrence (Ohgaki and Kleihues, 2013). While these brain malignancies can be classified by grade or grouped by molecular subclass, each tumor presents itself as its own complication. Based on all of these obstacles, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. These will likely emerge from numerous exciting studies of glioma biology that are ongoing and reviewed here. These show unexpected roles for ion channels, amino-acid transporters, and connexin gap junctions in supporting the invasive growth of gliomas. These studies have identified a number of proteins that may be targeted for therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A Umans
- Center for Glial Biology in Health and Disease, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Center for Glial Biology in Health and Disease, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mu S, Ma H, Shi J, Zhen D. The expression of S100B protein in serum of patients with brain metastases from small-cell lung cancer and its clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7107-7110. [PMID: 29344141 PMCID: PMC5754836 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the expression of S100B protein in serum of patients with brain metastases from small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and its clinical significance. A total of 138 patients with SCLC were selected from June 2013 to December 2015. Simultaneously, 138 healthy adult volunteers (healthy controls) were selected in the medical examination center of People's Hospital of Rizhao. Among the 138 patients with SCLC, 48 had liver metastases and 44 had brain metastases. Of the remaining 46 patients, 20 were initially diagnosed with SCLC and 26 underwent surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. The levels of serum S100B in patients and healthy controls were measured by ELISA, and analyzed by SPSS 20.0 statistical software. The serum S100B protein levels in patients with SCLC were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (p<0.05). Among the subgroups of patients with SCLC, the levels of serum S100B in patients with brain metastases were significantly higher than in the other subgroups (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between the other subgroups, except for the brain metastases group. We found that serum S100B protein expression levels were significantly reduced in patients with brain metastases after cobalt-60 radiotherapy (p<0.05). During follow-up, we found that higher expression of S100B protein was usually associated with poorer prognosis, higher mortality rate at 1 year, and lower survival rate. In conclusion, S100B protein can serve as a serological marker for brain metastases from SCLC, which provides important theoretical support for early detection of brain metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanling Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ma
- Mingzhu Community Service Station, People's Hospital of Zhangqiu District, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Dezhi Zhen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu B, Teschemacher AG, Kasparov S. Astroglia as a cellular target for neuroprotection and treatment of neuro-psychiatric disorders. Glia 2017; 65:1205-1226. [PMID: 28300322 PMCID: PMC5669250 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are key homeostatic cells of the central nervous system. They cooperate with neurons at several levels, including ion and water homeostasis, chemical signal transmission, blood flow regulation, immune and oxidative stress defense, supply of metabolites and neurogenesis. Astroglia is also important for viability and maturation of stem-cell derived neurons. Neurons critically depend on intrinsic protective and supportive properties of astrocytes. Conversely, all forms of pathogenic stimuli which disturb astrocytic functions compromise neuronal functionality and viability. Support of neuroprotective functions of astrocytes is thus an important strategy for enhancing neuronal survival and improving outcomes in disease states. In this review, we first briefly examine how astrocytic dysfunction contributes to major neurological disorders, which are traditionally associated with malfunctioning of processes residing in neurons. Possible molecular entities within astrocytes that could underpin the cause, initiation and/or progression of various disorders are outlined. In the second section, we explore opportunities enhancing neuroprotective function of astroglia. We consider targeting astrocyte-specific molecular pathways which are involved in neuroprotection or could be expected to have a therapeutic value. Examples of those are oxidative stress defense mechanisms, glutamate uptake, purinergic signaling, water and ion homeostasis, connexin gap junctions, neurotrophic factors and the Nrf2-ARE pathway. We propose that enhancing the neuroprotective capacity of astrocytes is a viable strategy for improving brain resilience and developing new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beihui Liu
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
| | - Anja G. Teschemacher
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
| | - Sergey Kasparov
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Bristol, University WalkBS8 1TDUnited Kingdom
- Institute for Chemistry and BiologyBaltic Federal UniversityKaliningradRussian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
D'Cunha NM, McKune AJ, Panagiotakos DB, Georgousopoulou EN, Thomas J, Mellor DD, Naumovski N. Evaluation of dietary and lifestyle changes as modifiers of S100β levels in Alzheimer's disease. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:1-18. [PMID: 28696163 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1349032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is a significant body of research undertaken in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as to discover early detection biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies. One such proposed biomarker is the calcium binding protein S100β, which, depending on its local concentration, is known to exhibit both neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory properties in the central nervous system. At present, relatively little is known regarding the effect of chronic S100β disruption in AD. Dietary intake has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for AD. Preliminary in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated an association between S100β expression and dietary intake which links to AD pathophysiology. This review describes the association of S100β to fatty acids, ketone bodies, insulin, and botanicals as well as the potential impact of physical activity as a lifestyle factor. We also discuss the prospective implications of these findings, including support of the use of a Mediterranean dietary pattern and/or the ketogenic diet as an approach to modify AD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M D'Cunha
- a University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI) , University of Canberra , Locked Bag 1, Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia.,b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB) , University of Canberra , Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB) , University of Canberra , Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia.,c University of Canberra, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise , University of Canberra , Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia.,d Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban 4041 , South Africa
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- e Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education , Harokopio University , Athens 176 71 , Greece
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB) , University of Canberra , Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia.,e Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health and Education , Harokopio University , Athens 176 71 , Greece
| | - Jackson Thomas
- a University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI) , University of Canberra , Locked Bag 1, Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia.,b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB) , University of Canberra , Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Duane D Mellor
- a University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI) , University of Canberra , Locked Bag 1, Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia.,b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB) , University of Canberra , Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- a University of Canberra Health Research Institute (UCHRI) , University of Canberra , Locked Bag 1, Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia.,b Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers Group (CRIBB) , University of Canberra , Bruce , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sulaj A, Kopf S, Gröne E, Gröne HJ, Hoffmann S, Schleicher E, Häring HU, Schwenger V, Herzig S, Fleming T, Nawroth PP, von Bauer R. ALCAM a novel biomarker in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1058-1065. [PMID: 28325697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166) functions analogue to the receptor of advanced glycation end products, which has been implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We investigated the expression of ALCAM and its ligand S100B in patients with DN. METHODS A total of 34 non-diabetic patients, 29 patients with type 2 diabetes and normal albuminuria and 107 patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with DN were assessed for serum concentration of soluble ALCAM (sALCAM) by ELISA. Expression of ALCAM and S100B in kidney histology from patients with DN was determined by immunohistochemistry. Cell expression of ALCAM and S100B was analyzed through confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Serum concentration of sALCAM was increased in diabetic patients with DN compared to non-diabetic (59.85±14.99ng/ml vs. 126.88±66.45ng/ml, P<0.0001). Moreover sALCAM correlated positively with HbA1c (R=0.31, P<0.0001), as well as with the stages of chronic kidney disease and negatively correlated with eGFR (R=-0.20, P<0.05). In diabetic patients with normal albuminuria sALCAM was increased compared to patients with DN (126.88±66.45ng/ml vs. 197.50±37.17ng/ml, P<0.0001). In diabetic patients, ALCAM expression was significantly upregulated in both the glomeruli and tubules (P<0.001). ALCAM expression in the glomeruli correlated with presence of sclerosis (R=0.25, P<0.001) and localized mainly in the podocytes supporting the hypothesis that membrane bound ALCAM drives diabetic nephropathy and thus explaining sALCAM decrease in diabetic patients with DN. The expression of S100B was increased significantly in the glomeruli of diabetic patients (P<0.001), but not in the tubules. S100B was as well localized in the podocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies for the first time ALCAM as a potential mediator in the late complications of diabetes in the kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sulaj
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Gröne
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Hoffmann
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vedat Schwenger
- Department of Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational, Diabetes Program, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Helmholtz Center Munich and Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational, Diabetes Program, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Bauer
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang F, Zou ZR, Yuan D, Gong Y, Zhang L, Chen X, Sun T, Yu HL. Correlation between serum S100β protein levels and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: a case-control study. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160446. [PMID: 28143956 PMCID: PMC5484012 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the correlation between serum S100β levels and cognitive dysfunction in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). A total of 172 SVD patients participated in the study, and they were assigned to patients with no cognitive impairment (NCI group) and those with vascular cognitive impairment no dementia (VCIND group). In total, 105 people were recruited into the normal control group. Serum S100β protein level was detected by ELISA. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed for the predictive value of serum S100β in diagnosing SVD with cognitive dysfunction. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the association of S100β level with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and the association of S100β levels with hypertension. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors of SVD. The serum S100β levels in the VCIND group were higher than those in the NCI and normal control groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that a high serum S100β protein level, hypertension, and high low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) level were the independent risk factors for SVD. In addition, hypertension patients showed higher S100β levels than those with normal blood pressure and the normal control group, and there was a positive correlation between S100β level and blood pressure. The concentration of serum S100β level was related to impairment of cognition function of VCIND patients, therefore, early detection of serum S100β was of great value for diagnosis of SVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zou
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gong
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xun Chen
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Lin Yu
- Second Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fateeva VV, Shumakher GI, Vorob'eva EN, Khoreva MA, Voskanyan LR. [Tthe efficacy and safety of drug therapy divaza in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:32-37. [PMID: 28374690 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171172132-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of divazа in the treatment of cognitive and emotional disorders in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) based on clinical findings and laboratory markers of endothelial dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients with CCI, aged 40 to 70 years, were examined. All patients were treated with divazа (2 tablets 3 times a day) for 12 weeks. Cognitive functions and markers of endothelial dysfunction (the activity of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS), the number of circulating desquamated endothelial cells in blood plasma) were measured at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS Divazа significantly reduced the severity of clinical symptoms and had a positive effect on endothelial dysfunction normalizing the tone of cerebral vessels and preventing deendotheliazation. CONCLUSION The use of divazа resulted in clinical improvement and normalization of markers of endothelial dysfunction as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V V Fateeva
- Sechenov First Мoscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E N Vorob'eva
- Barnaul Multidisciplinary Medical Center 'Isida', Barnaul, Russia
| | - M A Khoreva
- Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rezaei O, Pakdaman H, Gharehgozli K, Simani L, Vahedian-Azimi A, Asaadi S, Sahraei Z, Hajiesmaeili M. S100 B: A new concept in neurocritical care. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 2017; 16:83-89. [PMID: 28761630 PMCID: PMC5526782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
After brain injuries, concentrations of some brain markers such as S100B protein in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are correlated with the severity and outcome of brain damage. To perform an updated review of S100B roles in human neurocritical care domain, an electronic literature search was carried among articles published in English prior to March 2017. They were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, EMBSCO, CINAHL, ISC and the Cochrane Library using keywords including "brain", "neurobiochemical marker", "neurocritical care", and "S100B protein". The integrative review included 48 studies until March 2017. S100B protein can be considered as a marker for blood brain barrier damage. The marker has an important role in the development and recovery of normal central nervous system (CNS) after injury. In addition to extra cerebral sources of S100B, the marker is principally built in the astroglial and Schwann cells. The neurobiochemical marker, S100B, has a pathognomonic role in the diagnosis of a broad spectrum of brain damage including traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain tumor, and stroke. Moreover, a potential predicting role for the neurobiochemical marker has been presumed in the efficiency of brain damage treatment and prognosis. However further animal and human studies are required before widespread routine clinical introduction of S100 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omidvar Rezaei
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Pakdaman
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Gharehgozli
- Brain Mapping Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Simani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Vahedian-Azimi
- Trauma Research Center, School of Nursing, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Asaadi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sahraei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hajiesmaeili
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The immunoreactivity of satellite glia of the spinal ganglia of rats treated with monosodium glutamate. ACTA VET BRNO 2017. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201685040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Satellite glia of the peripheral nervous system ganglia provide metabolic protection to the neurons. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of monosodium glutamate administered parenterally to rats on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100β protein and Ki-67 antigen in the satellite glial cells. Adult, 60-day-old male rats received monosodium glutamate at two doses of 2 g/kg b.w. (group 1) and 4 g/kg b.w. (group 2) subcutaneously for 3 consecutive days. Animals in the control group (group C) were treated with corresponding doses of 0.9% sodium chloride. Immediately after euthanasia, spinal ganglia of the lumbar region were dissected. Immunohistochemical peroxidase anti-peroxidase reactions were performed on the sections containing the examined material using antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100β and Ki-67. Next, morphological and morphometric analyses of immunopositive and immunonegative glia were conducted. The data were presented as the mean number of cells with standard deviation. Significant differences were analysed using ANOVA (P < 0.05). In all 63-day-old rats, immunopositivity for the examined proteins glia was observed. Increased number of cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein was demonstrated in group 2, whereas the number of S-100β-positive glia grew in the groups with the increasing doses of monosodium glutamate. The results indicate the early stage reactivity of glia in response to increased levels of glutamate in the extracellular space. These changes may be of a neuroprotective nature under the conditions of excitotoxicity induced by the action of this excitatory neurotransmitter.
Collapse
|
40
|
Miyazaki I, Asanuma M. Serotonin 1A Receptors on Astrocytes as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:686-700. [PMID: 26795196 PMCID: PMC4997990 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160122115057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant neuron-supporting glial cells in the central nervous system. The neuroprotective role of astrocytes has been demonstrated in various neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, stroke and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Astrocyte dysfunction or loss-of-astrocytes increases the susceptibility of neurons to cell death, while astrocyte transplantation in animal studies has therapeutic advantage. We reported recently that stimulation of serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors on astrocytes promoted astrocyte proliferation and upregulated antioxidative molecules to act as a neuroprotectant in parkinsonian mice. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with motor symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability, that are based on selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, and with non-motor symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension and constipation based on peripheral neurodegeneration. Although dopaminergic therapy for managing the motor disability associated with PD is being assessed at present, the main challenge remains the development of neuroprotective or disease-modifying treatments. Therefore, it is desirable to find treatments that can reduce the progression of dopaminergic cell death. In this article, we summarize first the neuroprotective properties of astrocytes targeting certain molecules related to PD. Next, we review neuroprotective effects induced by stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors on astrocytes. The review discusses new promising therapeutic strategies based on neuroprotection against oxidative stress and prevention of dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Miyazaki
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gentile S, Fusco ML. Placental and fetal effects of antenatal exposure to antidepressants or untreated maternal depression. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:1189-1199. [PMID: 27379818 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1209184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess systematically the effects of antidepressants and untreated maternal depression on human placenta and the developing fetus. METHODS Pertinent medical literature information was identified using MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS and EMBASE. Electronic searches, limited to human studies published in English, provided 21 studies reporting primary data on placental and fetal effects of antidepressant exposure or untreated gestational depression. RESULTS The impact of antidepressants and non-medicated maternal depression on placental functioning and fetal biochemical architecture seems to be demonstrated, although its clinical significance remains unclear. More robust data seem to indicate that exposure to either antidepressants or untreated maternal depression may induce epigenetic changes and interfere with the physiological fetal behavior. Two cases of iatrogenic fetal tachyarrhythmia have also been reported. CONCLUSIONS Future research should clarify the clinical relevance of the impact of antidepressant and untreated maternal depression exposure on placental functioning. Moreover, ultrasound studies investigating fetal responses to antidepressants or maternal depressive symptoms are mandatory. This assessment should be performed during the whole duration of gestational period, when different fetal behavioral patterns become progressively detectable. Analyses of biochemical and epigenetic modifications associated with maternal mood symptoms and antidepressant treatment should also be implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Gentile
- a ASL Salerno, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center Cava de' Tirreni, Vietri sul Mare , Salerno , Italy.,b Department of Neurosciences , Division of Perinatal Psychiatry, Medical School "Federico II", University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Fusco
- c Mental Health Institute, Torre Annunziata , Naples , Italy , and.,d Department of Developmental Psychology , Post-Graduate School of Psychotherapy (SIPGI), Torre Annunziata, Naples , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Barbie-Shoshani Y, Shoham S, Bejar C, Weinstock M. Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Stress on Memory and Markers of Neuronal Activity in Juvenile Rats. Dev Neurosci 2016; 38:206-219. [DOI: 10.1159/000446981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress during pregnancy can increase the incidence of emotional problems, learning and language difficulties in human infants and pre-adolescents. Most preclinical studies in rats that attempted to find experimental support for these observations were performed in adult male offspring, but the results are inconsistent. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of prenatal stress on novel object recognition (NOR) and spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) of juvenile rats of both sexes. By the use of fluorescence immunohistochemistry and protein measurements by Western blot, we measured the expression of markers of neurogenesis (doublecortin, DCX) and neuronal activity that are important for synaptic plasticity and learning (c-fos, GluR1, nNOS). Since neuronal activity in the developing and adult brain can be regulated by astrocytes, we also measured the number of astrocytes and the expression of two astroglial proteins (GFAP and S100B) in the stress-responsive hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Experiments were performed on littermates of rats in which its effects on behavior were measured. We found for the first time that juvenile females performed better than males in the NOR and MWM tests. They also had higher densities of DCX and c-fos in the DG, together with the expression of nNOS and GluR1 in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the DG. There were no sex differences in the expression of GFAP and S100B in astrocytes. Prenatal stress did not affect NOR in females, but improved it in males, together with an increase in DCX+ and c-fos, the number of GFAP-expressing astrocytes and the intensity of GFAP and S100B immunofluorescence in the DG. Staining intensity of GluR1 and nNOS in the hilus and SGZ of the DG, and protein expression in the whole DG, was unchanged in prenatally stressed males. Thus, prenatal stress changed the behavior and expression of key proteins in the DG to resemble that in females. A reduction in plasma testosterone, which although not attaining statistical significance was associated with that in anogenital distance, may contribute to the effect of prenatal stress in males. In females, prenatal stress had no effect on c-fos, DCX or the number of astrocytes but reduced the staining intensity of GluR1 and nNOS. Protein expression of nNOS was also significantly lower than that in prenatally stressed males. The differential effects of prenatal stress on hippocampal neuronal and glial markers may help to explain the sex-dependent effect on spatial learning in prepubertal rats.
Collapse
|
43
|
Metals and Neuronal Metal Binding Proteins Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9812178. [PMID: 26881049 PMCID: PMC4736980 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9812178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related dementia affecting millions of people worldwide. Its main pathological hallmark feature is the formation of insoluble protein deposits of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated tau protein into extracellular plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. Many of the mechanistic details of this process remain unknown, but a well-established consequence of protein aggregation is synapse dysfunction and neuronal loss in the AD brain. Different pathways including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metal metabolism have been suggested to be implicated in this process. In particular, a body of evidence suggests that neuronal metal ions such as copper, zinc, and iron play important roles in brain function in health and disease states and altered homeostasis and distribution as a common feature across different neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In this focused review, we overview neuronal proteins that are involved in AD and whose metal binding properties may underlie important biochemical and regulatory processes occurring in the brain during the AD pathophysiological process.
Collapse
|
44
|
Al Tmimi L, Van de Velde M, Meyns B, Meuris B, Sergeant P, Milisen K, Pottel H, Poesen K, Rex S. Serum protein S100 as marker of postoperative delirium after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: secondary analysis of two prospective randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 54:1671-80. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2015-1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:To investigate the predictive value of S100 (biochemical marker of neuroglial injury) for the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB)-surgery.Methods:We enrolled 92 patients older than 18 years undergoing elective OPCAB-surgery. Serum-levels of S100 were determined at baseline (BL), end of surgery (EOS) and on the first postoperative day (PD1). Postoperatively, all-patients were evaluated daily until PD5 for the presence of POD using the confusion assessment method (CAM) or the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).Results:The overall incidence of POD was 21%. S100-values on PD1 significantly predicted the occurrence of POD during the later hospital stay [area under the curve (AUC)=0.724 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.619–0.814); p=0.0001] with an optimal cut-off level of 123 pg mLConclusions:S100-levels <123 pg mL
Collapse
|
45
|
Moreau M, Néant I, Webb SE, Miller AL, Riou JF, Leclerc C. Ca(2+) coding and decoding strategies for the specification of neural and renal precursor cells during development. Cell Calcium 2015; 59:75-83. [PMID: 26744233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) is known to be a widespread trigger for directing stem cells towards a specific tissue fate, but the precise Ca(2+) signalling mechanisms involved in achieving these pleiotropic effects are still poorly understood. In this review, we compare the Ca(2+) signalling events that appear to be one of the first steps in initiating and regulating both neural determination (neural induction) and kidney development (nephrogenesis). We have highlighted the necessary and sufficient role played by Ca(2+) influx and by Ca(2+) transients in the determination and differentiation of pools of neural or renal precursors. We have identified new Ca(2+) target genes involved in neural induction and we showed that the same Ca(2+) early target genes studied are not restricted to neural tissue but are also present in other tissues, principally in the pronephros. In this review, we also described a mechanism whereby the transcriptional control of gene expression during neurogenesis and nephrogenesis might be directly controlled by Ca(2+) signalling. This mechanism involves members of the Kcnip family such that a change in their binding properties to specific DNA sites is a result of Ca(2+) binding to EF-hand motifs. The different functions of Ca(2+) signalling during these two events illustrate the versatility of Ca(2+) as a second messenger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Moreau
- Université Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 route de Narbonne, F31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France; CNRS UMR5547, Toulouse F31062, France
| | - Isabelle Néant
- Université Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 route de Narbonne, F31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France; CNRS UMR5547, Toulouse F31062, France
| | - Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China; MBL, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Jean-François Riou
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris VI, Equipe "Signalisation et Morphogenèse", UMR7622-Biologie du Développement, 9, quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France; CNRS, Equipe "Signalisation et Morphogenèse", UMR7622-Biologie du Développement, 9, quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Leclerc
- Université Toulouse 3, Centre de Biologie du Développement, 118 route de Narbonne, F31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France; CNRS UMR5547, Toulouse F31062, France.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kabadi SV, Stoica BA, Zimmer DB, Afanador L, Duffy KB, Loane DJ, Faden AI. S100B inhibition reduces behavioral and pathologic changes in experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:2010-20. [PMID: 26154869 PMCID: PMC4671122 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized to contribute to chronic tissue loss and neurologic dysfunction. Circulating levels of S100B increase after TBI and have been used as a biomarker. S100B is produced by activated astrocytes and can promote microglial activation; signaling by S100B through interaction with the multiligand advanced glycation end product-specific receptor (AGER) has been implicated in brain injury and microglial activation during chronic neurodegeneration. We examined the effects of S100B inhibition in a controlled cortical impact model, using S100B knockout mice or administration of neutralizing S100B antibody. Both interventions significantly reduced TBI-induced lesion volume, improved retention memory function, and attenuated microglial activation. The neutralizing antibody also significantly reduced sensorimotor deficits and improved neuronal survival in the cortex. However, S100B did not alter microglial activation in BV2 cells or primary microglial cultures stimulated by lipopolysaccharide or interferon gamma. Further, proximity ligation assays did not support direct interaction in the brain between S100B and AGER following TBI. Future studies are needed to elucidate specific pathways underlying S100B-mediated neuroinflammatory actions after TBI. Our results strongly implicate S100B in TBI-induced neuroinflammation, cell loss, and neurologic dysfunction, thereby indicating that it is a potential therapeutic target for TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti V Kabadi
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bogdan A Stoica
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Danna B Zimmer
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauriaselle Afanador
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kara B Duffy
- Center for Biomolecular Therapeutics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J Loane
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alan I Faden
- Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR) and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Barateiro A, Afonso V, Santos G, Cerqueira JJ, Brites D, van Horssen J, Fernandes A. S100B as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3976-3991. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
48
|
Kim J, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Curtis MA, Nicholson LFB. The RAGE receptor and its ligands are highly expressed in astrocytes in a grade-dependant manner in the striatum and subependymal layer in Huntington's disease. J Neurochem 2015; 134:927-42. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Kim
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Henry J. Waldvogel
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Richard L. M. Faull
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Maurice A. Curtis
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Louise F. B. Nicholson
- Department of Anatomy with Radiology; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research; Faculty of Medical and Health Science (FMHS); University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hei WH, Byun SH, Kim JS, Kim S, Seo YK, Park JC, Kim SM, Jahng JW, Lee JH. Effects of electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure at different frequency and duration on the peripheral nerve regeneration: in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:739-48. [PMID: 26010211 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1054032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to clarify the influence of frequency and exposure time of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on the peripheral nerve regeneration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immortalized rat Schwann cells (iSCs) (1 × 10(2)/well) were exposed at four different conditions in 1 mT (50 Hz 1 h/d, 50 Hz 12 h/d, 150 Hz 1 h/d and 150 Hz 12h/d). Cell proliferation, mRNA expression of S100 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed. Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were divided into six groups (n = 10 each): control, sham, 50 Hz 1 h/d, 50 Hz 12 h/d, 150 Hz 1 h/d and 150 Hz 12 Hr/d. Mental nerve was crush-injured and exposed at four different conditions in 1 mT (50 Hz 1 Hr/d, 50 Hz 12 Hr/d, 150 Hz 1 h/d and 150 Hz 12 h/d). Nerve regeneration was evaluated with functional test, histomorphometry and retrograde labeling of trigeminal ganglion. RESULTS iSCs proliferation with 50 Hz, 1 h/d was increased from fourth to seventh day; mRNA expression of S100 and BDNF was significantly increased at the same condition from first week to third week (p < .05 vs. control); difference score was increased at the second and third week, and gap score was increased at the third under 50 Hz 1 h PEMF compared with control while other conditions showed no statistical meaning. Axon counts and retrograde labeled neurons were significantly increased under PEMF of four different conditions compared with control. Although there was no statistical difference, 50 Hz, 1 h PEMF showed highest regeneration ability than other conditions. CONCLUSION PEMF enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration, and that it may be due to cell proliferation and increase in BDNF and S100 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hong Hei
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Soo-Hwan Byun
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Kim
- b Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallum Medical School , Sacred Kangdong hospital , Seoul , Korea
| | - Soochan Kim
- c Graduate School of Bio & Information Technology , Hankyong National University , Anseong-si, Kyonggi-do , Seoul , Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Seo
- d Research Institute of Biotechnology , Dongguk University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- e Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Soung-Min Kim
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jeong Won Jahng
- f Dental Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea.,f Dental Research Institute , Seoul National University , Seoul , Korea
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Peixoto CA, Nunes AKS, Garcia-Osta A. Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors: Action on the Signaling Pathways of Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration, and Cognition. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:940207. [PMID: 26770022 PMCID: PMC4681825 DOI: 10.1155/2015/940207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) have recently emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and memory loss diseases. Mechanistically, PDE5-Is produce an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection effect by increasing expression of nitric oxide synthases and accumulation of cGMP and activating protein kinase G (PKG), the signaling pathway of which is thought to play an important role in the development of several neurodiseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this paper was to review present knowledge of the signaling pathways that underlie the use of PDE5-Is in neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, learning, and memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alves Peixoto
- 1Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), 50.740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
- *Christina Alves Peixoto:
| | - Ana Karolina Santana Nunes
- 1Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), 50.740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
- 2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50.670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Garcia-Osta
- 3Neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease, Neurosciences Division, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|