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Wei W, Ju J, Zhang X, Ling P, Luo J, Li Y, Xu W, Su J, Zhang X, Wang C. GhBRX.1, GhBRX.2, and GhBRX4.3 improve resistance to salt and cold stress in upland cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1353365. [PMID: 38405586 PMCID: PMC10884310 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1353365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Abiotic stress during growth readily reduces cotton crop yield. The different survival tactics of plants include the activation of numerous stress response genes, such as BREVIS RADIX (BRX). Methods In this study, the BRX gene family of upland cotton was identified and analyzed by bioinformatics method, three salt-tolerant and cold-resistant GhBRX genes were screened. The expression of GhBRX.1, GhBRX.2 and GhBRXL4.3 in upland cotton was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique. The physiological and biochemical indexes of plants and the expression of related stress-response genes were detected before and after gene silencing. The effects of GhBRX.1, GhBRX.2 and GhBRXL4.3 on salt and cold resistance of upland cotton were further verified. Results and discussion We discovered 12, 6, and 6 BRX genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum, respectively. Chromosomal localization indicated that the retention and loss of GhBRX genes on homologous chromosomes did not have a clear preference for the subgenomes. Collinearity analysis suggested that segmental duplications were the main force for BRX gene amplification. The upland cotton genes GhBRX.1, GhBRX.2 and GhBRXL4.3 are highly expressed in roots, and GhBRXL4.3 is also strongly expressed in the pistil. Transcriptome data and qRT‒PCR validation showed that abiotic stress strongly induced GhBRX.1, GhBRX.2 and GhBRXL4.3. Under salt stress and low-temperature stress conditions, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble sugar and chlorophyll decreased in GhBRX.1-, GhBRX.2- and GhBRXL4.3-silenced cotton plants compared with those in the control (TRV: 00). Moreover, GhBRX.1-, GhBRX.2- and GhBRXL4.3-silenced cotton plants exhibited greater malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than did the control plants. Moreover, the expression of stress marker genes (GhSOS1, GhSOS2, GhNHX1, GhCIPK6, GhBIN2, GhSnRK2.6, GhHDT4D, GhCBF1 and GhPP2C) decreased significantly in the three target genes of silenced plants following exposure to stress. These results imply that the GhBRX.1, GhBRX.2 and GhBRXL4.3 genes may be regulators of salt stress and low-temperature stress responses in upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jisheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pingjie Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junji Su
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Center for Western Agricultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- Center for Western Agricultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changji, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Anyang, China
| | - Caixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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In silico analysis and expression profiling of Expansin A4, BURP domain protein RD22-like and E6-like genes associated with fiber quality in cotton. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5521-5534. [PMID: 35553343 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To supply high-quality cotton fibre for the textile industry, the development of long, strong and fine fibre cotton varieties is imperative. An interlinked approach was used to comprehend the role of fibre genes by analyzing interspecific progenies of cotton species. Wild Gossypium species and races are rich source of genetic polymorphism due to environmental dispersal and continuous natural selection. These genetic resources hold mass of outclass genes that can be used in cotton improvement breeding programs to exploit possible traits such as fibre quality, abiotic stress tolerance, and disease and insect resistance. Therefore, use of new molecular techniques such as genomics, transcriptomics and bioinformatics is very important to utilize the genetic potential of wild species in cotton improvement programs. METHODS Interspecific lines and Gossypium species used in the study were grown at Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan. After retrieving DNA sequence of the genes from NCBI, the primers for gene expression and full-length gene sequence were designed. Expression profiling of Expansin A4, BURP Domain protein RD22-like and E6-like fibre genes was performed through Real Time PCR. BLAST and DNA sequence alignment was conducted for sequence comparison of interspecific lines and Gossypium species. Different in silico analysis were used for characterization of fibre genes and identification of cis acting promoter elements in promoter region. RESULTS Variable expression of genes related to fibre development was observed at different stages. BLAST and DNA sequence alignment demonstrated resemblance of interspecific lines with G. hirsutum. In silico analysis on the sequence data also confirmed the role of Expansin A4, BURP Domain protein RD22-like and E6-like fibre genes in fibre development. Genetic engineering is also recommended by transferring E6-like, Expansin A4 and BURP Domain RD22-like genes in local cotton cultivars. Similarly, several stress tolerant and light responsive cis acting elements were identified through promotor analysis, which may contribute for fibre development in the breeding programs. CONCLUSION Expansin A4, BURP Domain RD22-like and E6-like have positive role in fibre development with variable expression at fiber length and strength associated stages.
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Li B, Zhang L, Xi J, Hou L, Fu X, Pei Y, Zhang M. An Unexpected Regulatory Sequence from Rho-Related GTPase6 Confers Fiber-Specific Expression in Upland Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031087. [PMID: 35163011 PMCID: PMC8834676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton fibers, single seed trichomes derived from ovule epidermal cells, are the major source of global textile fibers. Fiber-specific promoters are desirable to study gene function and to modify fiber properties during fiber development. Here, we revealed that Rho-related GTPase6 (GhROP6) was expressed preferentially in developing fibers. A 1240 bp regulatory region of GhROP6, which contains a short upstream regulatory sequence, the first exon, and the partial first intron, was unexpectedly isolated and introduced into transgenic cotton for analyzing promoter activity. The promoter of GhROP6 (proChROP6) conferred a specific expression in ovule surface, but not in the other floral organs and vegetative tissues. Reverse transcription PCR analysis indicated that proGhROP6 directed full-length transcription of the fused ß-glucuronidase (GUS) gene. Further investigation of GUS staining showed that proChROP6 regulated gene expression in fibers and ovule epidermis from fiber initiation to cell elongation stages. The preferential activity was enriched in fiber cells after anthesis and reached to peak on flowering days. By comparison, proGhROP6 was a mild promoter with approximately one-twenty-fifth of the strength of the constitutive promoter CaMV35S. The promoter responded to high-dosage treatments of auxin, gibberellin and salicylic acid and slightly reduced GUS activity under the in vitro treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that the GhROP6 promoter has excellent activity in initiating fibers and has potential for bioengineering of cotton fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (X.F.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liuqin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (X.F.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Xi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (X.F.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (X.F.); (Y.P.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xingxian Fu
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (X.F.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Pei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (X.F.); (Y.P.)
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (B.L.); (L.Z.); (J.X.); (L.H.); (X.F.); (Y.P.)
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-023-68251883; Fax: +86-023-68251883
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Kang J, Gong J, Zhang L, Gao Z, Xie Q, Hu Z, Chen G. A novel E6-like gene, E6-2, affects fruit ripening in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111066. [PMID: 34763858 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomato fruit ripening is a complicated and well-coordinated process with numerous metabolic changes resulted from endogenous hormone and genetic regulators. Although the regulation of MADS-box transcription factor (MADS-RIN) controlling fruit ripening has been widely reported, its mechanisms underlying need to be further improved. Here, we characterized a novel tomato E6-like gene, E6-2, whose transcripts showed a high accumulation in fruit ripening stages (Breaker, Breaker+4 and Breaker+7), but a low level was observed in Never ripe (Nr) and ripening inhibitor (rin) mutants. MADS-RIN directly activates the expression of E6-2 in vivo. Additionally, a remarkable reduction of E6-2 was observed in wild-type (WT) tomato fruits at the MG stage treated with 1-MCP. RNAi-mediated silencing of E6-2 resulted in delayed fruit ripening, reduced accumulation of the total carotenoid and lycopene, reduced content of ethylene production, and increased contents of the total pectin, cellulose, starch and soluble sugar. Moreover, the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes (PSY1, PDS and ZDS), ripening-related genes (CNR, PG and ERF4), ethylene biosynthesis genes (ACS2, ACO1 and ACO3), ethylene-responsive genes (E4 and E8) and cell wall metabolism genes (TBG4, PL, EXP1 and XTH5) were inhibited in E6-2 -RNAi lines. These results indicate that E6-2 plays an important role in regulating tomato fruit ripening targeted by RIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Gong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zihan Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Yang J, Gao L, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang X, Wang Z. Comparative transcriptome analysis of fiber and nonfiber tissues to identify the genes preferentially expressed in fiber development in Gossypium hirsutum. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22833. [PMID: 34819523 PMCID: PMC8613186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an important natural fiber crop and economic crop worldwide. The quality of cotton fiber directly determines the quality of cotton textiles. Identifying cotton fiber development-related genes and exploring their biological functions will not only help to better understand the elongation and development mechanisms of cotton fibers but also provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of new cotton varieties with excellent fiber quality. In this study, RNA sequencing technology was used to construct transcriptome databases for different nonfiber tissues (root, leaf, anther and stigma) and fiber developmental stages (7 days post-anthesis (DPA), 14 DPA, and 26 DPA) of upland cotton Coker 312. The sizes of the seven transcriptome databases constructed ranged from 4.43 to 5.20 Gb, corresponding to approximately twice the genome size of Gossypium hirsutum (2.5 Gb). Among the obtained clean reads, 83.32% to 88.22% could be compared to the upland cotton TM-1 reference genome. By analyzing the differential gene expression profiles of the transcriptome libraries of fiber and nonfiber tissues, we obtained 1205, 1135 and 937 genes with significantly upregulated expression at 7 DPA, 14 DPA and 26 DPA, respectively, and 124, 179 and 213 genes with significantly downregulated expression. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway analyses were performed, which revealed that these genes were mainly involved in catalytic activity, carbohydrate metabolism, the cell membrane and organelles, signal transduction and other functions and metabolic pathways. Through gene annotation analysis, many transcription factors and genes related to fiber development were screened. Thirty-six genes were randomly selected from the significantly upregulated genes in fiber, and expression profile analysis was performed using qRT-PCR. The results were highly consistent with the gene expression profile analyzed by RNA-seq, and all of the genes were specifically or predominantly expressed in fiber. Therefore, our RNA sequencing-based comparative transcriptome analysis will lay a foundation for future research to provide new genetic resources for the genetic engineering of improved cotton fiber quality and for cultivating new transgenic cotton germplasms for fiber quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang, 065000, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xujing Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhixing Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, MOA Key Laboratory on Safety Assessment (Molecular) of Agri-GMO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Hu Q, Zeng M, Wang M, Huang X, Li J, Feng C, Xuan L, Liu L, Huang G. Family-Wide Evaluation of Multiple C2 Domain and Transmembrane Region Protein in Gossypium hirsutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767667. [PMID: 34759949 PMCID: PMC8573151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) are a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins and show emerging roles in mediating protein trafficking and signaling transduction. Although, several studies showed that MCTPs play important roles during plant growth and development, their biological functions in cotton remain largely unknown. Here, we identify and characterize 33 GhMCTP genes from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and reveal the diverse expression patterns of GhMCTPs in various tissues. We also find that GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17 are highly expressed in the main stem apex, suggesting their possible roles in shoot development. Through analyzing different cotton species, we discover plant heights are closely related to the expression levels of GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17. Furthermore, we silence the expression of GhMCTP genes using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system in cotton and find that GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17 play an essential role in shoot meristem development. GhMCTPs interact with GhKNAT1 and GhKNAT2 and regulate meristem development through integrating multiple signal pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrate functional redundancy of GhMCTPs in cotton shoot meristem development and provide a valuable resource to further study various functions of GhMCTPs in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhui Feng
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijie Xuan
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Lu Liu,
| | - Gengqing Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi, China
- *Correspondence: Gengqing Huang,
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Wixom AQ, Casavant NC, Sonnen TJ, Kuhl JC, Xiao F, Dandurand LM, Caplan AB. Initial responses of the trap-crop, Solanum sisymbriifolium, to Globodera pallida invasions. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20016. [PMID: 33016605 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many researchers today are looking for mechanisms underlying plant defenses against nematodes by identifying differentially expressed genes in domesticated hosts. In order to provide a different perspective, we analyzed the root transcriptome of an undomesticated non-host species, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamark (SSI) before and after Globodera pallida infection. Utilizing RNAseq analyses, we identified changes in the expression of 277 transcripts. Many of these genes were not annotated; however, the annotated set included peroxidases, reactive oxygen species-producing proteins, and regulators of cell death. Importantly, 60% of the nematode-responsive genes did not respond to physical damage to root tissues, or to exogenous treatments with either salicylic acid or methyl jasmonate. Based on this, we speculate that the majority of changes in SSI gene expression were promoted by either nematode effectors, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), or by exposure to untested endogenous signaling molecules such as ethylene, or by exposure to multiple stimuli. This study incorporates our findings into a model that accounts for part of this plant's unusual resistance to nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q Wixom
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
| | - N Carol Casavant
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
| | | | - Joseph C Kuhl
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
| | - Fangming Xiao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
| | - Louise-Marie Dandurand
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2329, USA
| | - Allan B Caplan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844-2333, USA
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Magwanga RO, Kirungu JN, Lu P, Yang X, Dong Q, Cai X, Xu Y, Wang X, Zhou Z, Hou Y, Nyunja R, Agong SG, Hua J, Zhang B, Wang K, Liu F. Genome wide identification of the trihelix transcription factors and overexpression of Gh_A05G2067 (GT-2), a novel gene contributing to increased drought and salt stresses tolerance in cotton. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:447-464. [PMID: 30629305 PMCID: PMC6850275 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We identified 102, 51 and 51 proteins encoded by the trihelix genes in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii, respectively. RNA sequence data and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that Gh_A05G2067 (GT-2) was highly upregulated under drought and salt stress conditions. Transient expression of GT-2-green fluorescent protein fusion protein in protoplast showed that GT-2 was localized in the nucleus. The overexpression of GT-2 conferred an enhanced drought tolerance to cotton, with lower malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide contents and higher reactive oxygen scavenging enzyme activities. Moreover, chlorophyll content, relative leaf water content (RLWC), excised leaf water loss (ELWL) and cell membrane stability (CMS) were relatively stable in the GT-2-overexpressed lines compared to wild-type (WT). Similarly, stress-responsive genes RD29A, SOS1, ABF4 and CBL1 were highly upregulated in the GT-2-overexpressed lines but were significantly downregulated in WT. In addition, the GT-2-silenced cotton plants exhibited a high level of oxidation injury, due to high levels of oxidant enzymes, in addition to negative effects on CMS, ELWL, RLWC and chlorophyll content. These results mark the foundation for future exploration of the trihelix genes in cotton, with an aim of developing more resilient, versatile and highly tolerant cotton genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard O. Magwanga
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
- Jaramogi Oginga OdingaUniversity of Science and TechnologySchool of Biological and Physical Sciences (SBPS), P.O Box 210‐40601, BondoKenya
| | - Joy N. Kirungu
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Pu Lu
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Qi Dong
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Regina Nyunja
- Jaramogi Oginga OdingaUniversity of Science and TechnologySchool of Biological and Physical Sciences (SBPS), P.O Box 210‐40601, BondoKenya
| | - Stephen G. Agong
- Jaramogi Oginga OdingaUniversity of Science and TechnologySchool of Biological and Physical Sciences (SBPS), P.O Box 210‐40601, BondoKenya
| | | | - Baohong Zhang
- North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth Carolina
| | - Kunbo Wang
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
| | - Fang Liu
- Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural Science (ICR, CAAS)/State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyAnyang 455000China
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Wang Z, Yang Z, Li F. Updates on molecular mechanisms in the development of branched trichome in Arabidopsis and nonbranched in cotton. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1706-1722. [PMID: 31111642 PMCID: PMC6686129 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes are specialized epidermal cells and a vital plant organ that protect plants from various harms and provide valuable resources for plant development and use. Some key genes related to trichomes have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana through glabrous mutants and gene cloning, and the hub MYB-bHLH-WD40, consisting of several factors including GLABRA1 (GL1), GL3, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1), and ENHANCER OF GLABRA3 (EGL3), has been established. Subsequently, some upstream transcription factors, phytohormones and epigenetic modification factors have also been studied in depth. In cotton, a very important fibre and oil crop globally, in addition to the key MYB-like factors, more important regulators and potential molecular mechanisms (e.g. epigenetic modifiers, distinct metabolic pathways) are being exploited during different fibre developmental stages. This occurs due to increased cotton research, resulting in the discovery of more complex regulation mechanisms from the allotetraploid genome of cotton. In addition, some conservative as well as specific mediators are involved in trichome development in other species. This study summarizes molecular mechanisms in trichome development and provides a detailed comparison of the similarities and differences between Arabidopsis and cotton, analyses the possible reasons for the discrepancy in identification of regulators, and raises future questions and foci for understanding trichome development in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Zuoren Yang
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research BaseState Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangChina
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10
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Doucet J, Truong C, Frank-Webb E, Lee HK, Daneva A, Gao Z, Nowack MK, Goring DR. Identification of a role for an E6-like 1 gene in early pollen-stigma interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:307-322. [PMID: 31069543 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe a function for a novel Arabidopsis gene, E6-like 1 (E6L1), that was identified as a highly expressed gene in the stigma and plays a role in early post-pollination stages. In Arabidopsis, successful pollen-stigma interactions are dependent on rapid recognition of compatible pollen by the stigmatic papillae located on the surface of the pistil and the subsequent regulation of pollen hydration and germination, and followed by the growth of pollen tubes through the stigma surface. Here we have described the function of a novel gene, E6-like 1 (E6L1), that was identified through the analysis of transcriptome datasets, as one of highest expressed genes in the stigma, and furthermore, its expression was largely restricted to the stigma and trichomes. The first E6 gene was initially identified as a highly expressed gene during cotton fiber development, and related E6-like predicted proteins are found throughout the Angiosperms. To date, no orthologous genes have been assigned a biological function. Both the Arabidopsis E6L1 and cotton E6 proteins are predicted to be secreted, and this was confirmed using an E6L1:RFP fusion construct. To further investigate E6L1's function, one T-DNA and two independent CRISPR-generated mutants were analyzed for compatible pollen-stigma interactions, and pollen hydration, pollen adhesion, and seed set were mildly impaired for the e6l1 mutants. This work identifies E6L1 as a novel stigmatic factor that plays a role during the early post-pollination stages in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Doucet
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Christina Truong
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Frank-Webb
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Anna Daneva
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhen Gao
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daphne R Goring
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada.
- Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B2, Canada.
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11
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Khan A, Pan X, Najeeb U, Tan DKY, Fahad S, Zahoor R, Luo H. Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness. Biol Res 2018; 51:47. [PMID: 30428929 PMCID: PMC6234603 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and associated climatic variability is primarily responsible for inducing heat waves, flooding and drought stress. Among these, water scarcity is a major limitation to crop productivity. Water stress can severely reduce crop yield and both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Water availability is a key driver for sustainable cotton production and its limitations can adversely affect physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading towards lint yield reduction. Adaptation of crop husbandry techniques suitable for cotton crop requires a sound understanding of environmental factors, influencing cotton lint yield and fiber quality. Various defense mechanisms e.g. maintenance of membrane stability, carbon fixation rate, hormone regulation, generation of antioxidants and induction of stress proteins have been found play a vital role in plant survival under moisture stress. Plant molecular breeding plays a functional role to ascertain superior genes for important traits and can offer breeder ready markers for developing ideotypes. This review highlights drought-induced damage to cotton plants at structural, physiological and molecular levels. It also discusses the opportunities for increasing drought tolerance in cotton either through modern gene editing technology like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9), zinc finger nuclease, molecular breeding as well as through crop management, such as use of appropriate fertilization, growth regulator application and soil amendments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Khan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Plant Science, The University of Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Daniel Kean Yuen Tan
- Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430000 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000 Shandong China
| | - Rizwan Zahoor
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghai Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003 People’s Republic of China
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Ashraf J, Zuo D, Wang Q, Malik W, Zhang Y, Abid MA, Cheng H, Yang Q, Song G. Recent insights into cotton functional genomics: progress and future perspectives. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:699-713. [PMID: 29087016 PMCID: PMC5814580 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Functional genomics has transformed from futuristic concept to well-established scientific discipline during the last decade. Cotton functional genomics promise to enhance the understanding of fundamental plant biology to systematically exploit genetic resources for the improvement of cotton fibre quality and yield, as well as utilization of genetic information for germplasm improvement. However, determining the cotton gene functions is a much more challenging task, which has not progressed at a rapid pace. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the recent tools and resources available with the major advances in cotton functional genomics to develop elite cotton genotypes. This effort ultimately helps to filter a subset of genes that can be used to assemble a final list of candidate genes that could be employed in future novel cotton breeding programme. We argue that next stage of cotton functional genomics requires the draft genomes refinement, re-sequencing broad diversity panels with the development of high-throughput functional genomics tools and integrating multidisciplinary approaches in upcoming cotton improvement programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Dongyun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Qiaolian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Waqas Malik
- Genomics LabDepartment of Plant Breeding and GeneticsFaculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPunjabPakistan
| | - Youping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Muhammad Ali Abid
- Genomics LabDepartment of Plant Breeding and GeneticsFaculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPunjabPakistan
| | - Hailiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Qiuhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
| | - Guoli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton BiologyInstitute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAnyangHenanChina
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Hande AS, Katageri IS, Jadhav MP, Adiger S, Gamanagatti S, Padmalatha KV, Dhandapani G, Kanakachari M, Kumar PA, Reddy VS. Transcript profiling of genes expressed during fibre development in diploid cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.). BMC Genomics 2017; 18:675. [PMID: 28859611 PMCID: PMC5580217 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cotton fibre is a single cell and it is one of the best platforms for unraveling the genes express during various stages of fibre development. There are reports devoted to comparative transcriptome study on fiber cell initiation and elongation in tetraploid cultivated cotton. However, in the present investigation, comparative transcriptome study was made in diploid cultivated cotton using isogenic fuzzy-lintless (Fl) and normal fuzzy linted (FL) lines belong to Gossypium arboreum, diploid species at two stages, 0 and 10 dpa (days post anthesis), using Affymetrix cotton GeneChip genome array. Result Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis uncovered the occurrence of few fibre cell initials in the Fl line as compared to many in Normal FL at −2 and 0 dpa. However, at 10 dpa there were no fibre cells found elongated in Fl but many elongated cells were found in FL line. Up-regulation of transcription factors, AP2-EREBP, C2H2, C3H, HB and WRKY was observed at 0 dpa whereas in 10 dpa transcription factors, AP2-EREBP, AUX/IAA, bHLH, C2H2, C3H, HB, MYB, NAC, Orphans, PLATZ and WRKY were found down regulated in Fl line. These transcription factors were mainly involved in metabolic pathways such as phytohormone signaling, energy metabolism of cell, fatty acid metabolism, secondary metabolism and other signaling pathways and are related directly or indirectly in fiber development. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to check fold up or down-regulation of these genes and transcription factors (TFs) down regulated in mutants as compared to normal at 0 and 10 dpa. Conclusion This study elucidates that the up-regulation of transcription factors like AP2-EREBP, C2H2, C3H, HB, WRKY and phytohormone signaling genes at 0 dpa and their down-regulation at the 10 dpa might have constrain the fibre elongation in fuzzy-lintless line. Along with this the down-regulation of genes involved in synthesis of VLCFA chain, transcripts necessary for energy and cell wall metabolism, EXPANSINs, arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), tubulin might also be the probable reason for reduced growth of fibres in the Fl. Plant receptor-like kinases (RLKs), Leucine Rich Repeats) LRR- family protein and signal transduction coding for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, have been engaged in coordination of cell elongation and SCW biosynthesis, down-regulation of these might loss the function leads to reduced fibre growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-4066-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul S Hande
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Sateesh Adiger
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Gurusamy Dhandapani
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB), IARI, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Vanga Siva Reddy
- Plant Transformation Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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14
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Wang ZA, Li Q, Ge XY, Yang CL, Luo XL, Zhang AH, Xiao JL, Tian YC, Xia GX, Chen XY, Li FG, Wu JH. The mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase 1 gene GhmMDH1 is involved in plant and root growth under phosphorus deficiency conditions in cotton. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10343. [PMID: 26179843 PMCID: PMC4503954 DOI: 10.1038/srep10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton, an important commercial crop, is cultivated for its natural fibers, and requires an adequate supply of soil nutrients, including phosphorus, for its growth. Soil phosporus exists primarily in insoluble forms. We isolated a mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) gene, designated as GhmMDH1, from Gossypium hirsutum L. to assess its effect in enhancing P availability and absorption. An enzyme kinetic assay showed that the recombinant GhmMDH1 possesses the capacity to catalyze the interconversion of oxaloacetate and malate. The malate contents in the roots, leaves and root exudates was significantly higher in GhmMDH1-overexpressing plants and lower in knockdown plants compared with the wild-type control. Knockdown of GhmMDH1 gene resulted in increased respiration rate and reduced biomass whilst overexpression of GhmMDH1 gave rise to decreased respiration rate and higher biomass in the transgenic plants. When cultured in medium containing only insoluble phosphorus, Al-phosphorus, Fe-phosphorus, or Ca-phosphorus, GhmMDH1-overexpressing plants produced significantly longer roots and had a higher biomass and P content than WT plants, however, knockdown plants showed the opposite results for these traits. Collectively, our results show that GhmMDH1 is involved in plant and root growth under phosphorus deficiency conditions in cotton, owing to its functions in leaf respiration and P acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-An Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural Academy of Science, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Qing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Ge
- The State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Chun-Lin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Li Luo
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural Academy of Science, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - An-Hong Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural Academy of Science, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Juan-Li Xiao
- Institute of Cotton Research, Shanxi Agricultural Academy of Science, Yuncheng, 044000, China
| | - Ying-Chuan Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gui-Xian Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fu-Guang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, China
| | - Jia-He Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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15
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Chen J, Burke JJ. Developing fiber specific promoter-reporter transgenic lines to study the effect of abiotic stresses on fiber development in cotton. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129870. [PMID: 26030401 PMCID: PMC4451078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is one of the most important cash crops in US agricultural industry. Environmental stresses, such as drought, high temperature and combination of both, not only reduce the overall growth of cotton plants, but also greatly decrease cotton lint yield and fiber quality. The impact of environmental stresses on fiber development is poorly understood due to technical difficulties associated with the study of developing fiber tissues and lack of genetic materials to study fiber development. To address this important question and provide the need for scientific community, we have generated transgenic cotton lines harboring cotton fiber specific promoter (CFSP)-reporter constructs from six cotton fiber specific genes (Expansin, E6, Rac13, CelA1, LTP, and Fb late), representing genes that are expressed at different stages of fiber development. Individual CFSP::GUS or CFSP::GFP construct was introduced into Coker 312 via Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Transgenic cotton lines were evaluated phenotypically and screened for the presence of selectable marker, reporter gene expression, and insertion numbers. Quantitative analysis showed that the patterns of GUS reporter gene activity during fiber development in transgenic cotton lines were similar to those of the native genes. Greenhouse drought and heat stress study showed a correlation between the decrease in promoter activities and decrease in fiber length, increase in micronaire and changes in other fiber quality traits in transgenic lines grown under stressed condition. These newly developed materials provide new molecular tools for studying the effects of abiotic stresses on fiber development and may be used in study of cotton fiber development genes and eventually in the genetic manipulation of fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Chen
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United State Department of Agriculture, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - John J. Burke
- Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United State Department of Agriculture, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
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Zhang L, Guo J, You Q, Yi X, Ling Y, Xu W, Hua J, Su Z. GraP: platform for functional genomics analysis of Gossypium raimondii. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2015; 2015:bav047. [PMID: 25982315 PMCID: PMC4433718 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is one of the most important natural fiber and oil crops worldwide. Improvement of fiber yield and quality under changing environments attract much attention from cotton researchers; however, a functional analysis platform integrating omics data is still missing. The success of cotton genome sequencing and large amount of available transcriptome data allows the opportunity to establish a comprehensive analysis platform for integrating these data and related information. A comprehensive database, Platform of Functional Genomics Analysis in Gossypium raimondii (GraP), was constructed to provide multi-dimensional analysis, integration and visualization tools. GraP includes updated functional annotation, gene family classifications, protein–protein interaction networks, co-expression networks and microRNA–target pairs. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis and cis-element significance analysis tools are also provided for gene batch analysis of high-throughput data sets. Based on these effective services, GraP may offer further information for subsequent studies of functional genes and in-depth analysis of high-throughput data. GraP is publically accessible at http://structuralbiology.cau.edu.cn/GraP/, with all data available for downloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi You
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinping Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Quantitative trait loci mapping and genetic dissection for lint percentage in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). J Genet 2015; 93:371-8. [PMID: 25189232 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-014-0385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lint percentage is an important character of cotton yield components and it is also correlated with cotton fibre development. In this study, we used a high lint percentage variety, Baimian1, and a low lint percentage, TM-1 genetic standard for Gossypium hirsutum, as parents to construct a mapping populations in upland cotton (G. hirsutum). A quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) analysis of lint percentage was performed by using two mapping procedures; composite interval mapping (CIM), inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) and the F2:3 populations in 2 years. Six main-effect QTL (M-QTL) for lint percentage (four significant and two suggestive) were detected in both years by CIM, and were located on chr. 3, chr. 19, chr. 26 and chr. 5/chr. 19. Of the six QTL, marker intervals and favourable gene sources of the significant M-QTL, qLP-3(2010) and qLP-3(2011) were consistent. These QTL were also detected by ICIM, and therefore, should preferentially be used for markerassisted selection (MAS) of lint percentage. Another M-QTL, qLP-19(2010), was detected by two mapping procedures, and it could also be a candidate for MAS. We detected the interaction between two M-QTL and environment, and 11 epistatic QTL (E-QTL) and their interaction with environment by using ICIM. The study also found two EST-SSRs, NAU1187 and NAU1255, linked to M-QTL for lint percentage that could be candidate markers affecting cotton fibre development.
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18
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Guan X, Song Q, Chen ZJ. Polyploidy and small RNA regulation of cotton fiber development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:516-28. [PMID: 24866591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is not only the most important source of renewal textile fibers, but also an excellent model for studying cell fate determination and polyploidy effects on gene expression and evolution of domestication traits. The combination of A and D-progenitor genomes into allotetraploid cotton induces intergenomic interactions and epigenetic effects, leading to the unequal expression of homoeologous genes. Small RNAs regulate the expression of transcription and signaling factors related to cellular growth, development and adaptation. An example is miRNA-mediated preferential degradation of homoeologous mRNAs encoding MYB-domain transcription factors that are required for the initiation of leaf trichomes in Arabidopsis and of seed fibers in cotton. This example of coevolution between small RNAs and their homoeologous targets could shape morphological traits such as fibers during the selection and domestication of polyploid crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Qingxin Song
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Z Jeffrey Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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19
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Ding M, Jiang Y, Cao Y, Lin L, He S, Zhou W, Rong J. Gene expression profile analysis of Ligon lintless-1 (Li1) mutant reveals important genes and pathways in cotton leaf and fiber development. Gene 2013; 535:273-85. [PMID: 24279997 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ligon lintless-1 (Li1) is a monogenic dominant mutant of Gossypium hirsutum (upland cotton) with a phenotype of impaired vegetative growth and short lint fibers. Despite years of research involving genetic mapping and gene expression profile analysis of Li1 mutant ovule tissues, the gene remains uncloned and the underlying pathway of cotton fiber elongation is still unclear. In this study, we report the whole genome-level deep-sequencing analysis of leaf tissues of the Li1 mutant. Differentially expressed genes in leaf tissues of mutant versus wild-type (WT) plants are identified, and the underlying pathways and potential genes that control leaf and fiber development are inferred. The results show that transcription factors AS2, YABBY5, and KANDI-like are significantly differentially expressed in mutant tissues compared with WT ones. Interestingly, several fiber development-related genes are found in the downregulated gene list of the mutant leaf transcriptome. These genes include heat shock protein family, cytoskeleton arrangement, cell wall synthesis, energy, H2O2 metabolism-related genes, and WRKY transcription factors. This finding suggests that the genes are involved in leaf morphology determination and fiber elongation. The expression data are also compared with the previously published microarray data of Li1 ovule tissues. Comparative analysis of the ovule transcriptomes of Li1 and WT reveals that a number of pathways important for fiber elongation are enriched in the downregulated gene list at different fiber development stages (0, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18dpa). Differentially expressed genes identified in both leaf and fiber samples are aligned with cotton whole genome sequences and combined with the genetic fine mapping results to identify a list of candidate genes for Li1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingquan Ding
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yurong Jiang
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuefen Cao
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Nanosphere Inc., 4088 Commercial Drive, Northbrook, IL 60062, USA
| | - Shae He
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junkang Rong
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, China.
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Han LB, Li YB, Wang HY, Wu XM, Li CL, Luo M, Wu SJ, Kong ZS, Pei Y, Jiao GL, Xia GX. The dual functions of WLIM1a in cell elongation and secondary wall formation in developing cotton fibers. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4421-38. [PMID: 24220634 PMCID: PMC3875727 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.116970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
LIN-11, Isl1 and MEC-3 (LIM)-domain proteins play pivotal roles in a variety of cellular processes in animals, but plant LIM functions remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate dual roles of the WLIM1a gene in fiber development in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). WLIM1a is preferentially expressed during the elongation and secondary wall synthesis stages in developing fibers. Overexpression of WLIM1a in cotton led to significant changes in fiber length and secondary wall structure. Compared with the wild type, fibers of WLIM1a-overexpressing plants grew longer and formed a thinner and more compact secondary cell wall, which contributed to improved fiber strength and fineness. Functional studies demonstrated that (1) WLIM1a acts as an actin bundler to facilitate elongation of fiber cells and (2) WLIM1a also functions as a transcription factor to activate expression of Phe ammonia lyase-box genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to build up the secondary cell wall. WLIM1a localizes in the cytosol and nucleus and moves into the nucleus in response to hydrogen peroxide. Taken together, these results demonstrate that WLIM1a has dual roles in cotton fiber development, elongation, and secondary wall formation. Moreover, our study shows that lignin/lignin-like phenolics may substantially affect cotton fiber quality; this finding may guide cotton breeding for improved fiber traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Han
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan-Bao Li
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hai-Yun Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Shen-Jie Wu
- Institute of Cotton, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Zhao-Sheng Kong
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Pei
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Gai-Li Jiao
- Institute of Cotton, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Gui-Xian Xia
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Beijing 100101, China
- Address correspondence to
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LIU CHUANXIANG, YUAN DAOJUN, ZHANG XIANLONG, LIN ZHONGXU. Isolation, characterization and mapping of genes differentially expressed during fibre development between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense by cDNA-SRAP. J Genet 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-013-0238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang MY, Zhao PM, Cheng HQ, Han LB, Wu XM, Gao P, Wang HY, Yang CL, Zhong NQ, Zuo JR, Xia GX. The cotton transcription factor TCP14 functions in auxin-mediated epidermal cell differentiation and elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:1669-80. [PMID: 23715527 PMCID: PMC3707559 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.215673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant-specific TEOSINTE-BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) transcription factors play crucial roles in development, but their functional mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we characterized the cellular functions of the class I TCP transcription factor GhTCP14 from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). GhTCP14 is expressed predominantly in fiber cells, especially at the initiation and elongation stages of development, and its expression increased in response to exogenous auxin. Induced heterologous overexpression of GhTCP14 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) enhanced initiation and elongation of trichomes and root hairs. In addition, root gravitropism was severely affected, similar to mutant of the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2) gene. Examination of auxin distribution in GhTCP14-expressing Arabidopsis by observation of auxin-responsive reporters revealed substantial alterations in auxin distribution in sepal trichomes and root cortical regions. Consistent with these changes, expression of the auxin uptake carrier AUXIN1 (AUX1) was up-regulated and PIN2 expression was down-regulated in the GhTCP14-expressing plants. The association of GhTCP14 with auxin responses was also evidenced by the enhanced expression of auxin response gene IAA3, a gene in the AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (Aux/IAA) family. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that GhTCP14 bound the promoters of PIN2, IAA3, and AUX1, and transactivation assays indicated that GhTCP14 had transcription activation activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that GhTCP14 is a dual-function transcription factor able to positively or negatively regulate expression of auxin response and transporter genes, thus potentially acting as a crucial regulator in auxin-mediated differentiation and elongation of cotton fiber cells.
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Li X, Yuan D, Zhang J, Lin Z, Zhang X. Genetic mapping and characteristics of genes specifically or preferentially expressed during fiber development in cotton. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54444. [PMID: 23372723 PMCID: PMC3555819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton fiber is an ideal model to study cell elongation and cell wall construction in plants. During fiber development, some genes and proteins have been reported to be specifically or preferentially expressed. Mapping of them will reveal the genomic distribution of these genes, and will facilitate selection in cotton breeding. Based on previous reports, we designed 331 gene primers and 164 protein primers, and used single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) to map and integrate them into our interspecific BC1 linkage map. This resulted in the mapping of 57 loci representing 51 genes or proteins on 22 chromosomes. For those three markers which were tightly linked with quantitative trait loci (QTLs), the QTL functions obtained in this study and gene functions reported in previous reports were consistent. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of 52 polymorphic functional primers showed that 21 gene primers and 17 protein primers had differential expression between Emian22 (Gossypium hirsutum) and 3–79 (G. barbadense). Both RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses of the three markers tightly linked with QTLs were consistent with QTL analysis and field experiments. Gene Ontology (GO) categorization revealed that almost all 51 mapped genes belonged to multiple categories that contribute to fiber development, indicating that fiber development is a complex process regulated by various genes. These 51 genes were all specifically or preferentially expressed during fiber cell elongation and secondary wall biosynthesis. Therefore, these functional gene-related markers would be beneficial for the genetic improvement of cotton fiber length and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daojun Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Zhongxu Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Liu C, Yuan D, Zhang X, Lin Z. Isolation, characterization and mapping of genes differentially expressed during fibre development between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense by cDNA-SRAP. J Genet 2013; 92:175-181. [PMID: 23970073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense are two cultivated tetraploid cotton species with differences in fibre quality. The fibre of G. barbadense is longer, stronger and finer than that of G. hirsutum. To isolate genes expressed differently between the two species during fibre development, cDNA-SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) was applied. This technique was used to analyse genes at different stages of fibre development in G. hirsutum cv. Emian22 and G. barbadense acc. 3-79, the parents of our interspecific mapping population. A total of 4096 SRAP primer combinations were used to screen polymorphism between the DNA of the parents, and 275 highly polymorphic primers were picked out to analyse DNA and RNA from leaves and fibres at different developmental stages of the parents. A total of 168 DNA fragments were isolated from gels and sequenced: 54, 30, 38 and 41 from fibres of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days post-anthesis, respectively, and five from multi stages. To genetically map these sequences, 104 sequence-specific primers were developed and were used to screened polymorphism between the mapping parents. Finally, six markers were mapped on six chromosomes of our backbone interspecific genetic map. This work can give us a primary knowledge of differences in mechanism of fibre development between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Lacape JM, Claverie M, Vidal RO, Carazzolle MF, Guimarães Pereira GA, Ruiz M, Pré M, Llewellyn D, Al-Ghazi Y, Jacobs J, Dereeper A, Huguet S, Giband M, Lanaud C. Deep sequencing reveals differences in the transcriptional landscapes of fibers from two cultivated species of cotton. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48855. [PMID: 23166598 PMCID: PMC3499527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium) fiber is the most prevalent natural product used in the textile industry. The two major cultivated species, G. hirsutum (Gh) and G. barbadense (Gb), are allotetraploids with contrasting fiber quality properties. To better understand the molecular basis for their fiber differences, EST pyrosequencing was used to document the fiber transcriptomes at two key development stages, 10 days post anthesis (dpa), representing the peak of fiber elongation, and 22 dpa, representing the transition to secondary cell wall synthesis. The 617,000 high quality reads (89% of the total 692,000 reads) from 4 libraries were assembled into 46,072 unigenes, comprising 38,297 contigs and 7,775 singletons. Functional annotation of the unigenes together with comparative digital gene expression (DGE) revealed a diverse set of functions and processes that were partly linked to specific fiber stages. Globally, 2,770 contigs (7%) showed differential expression (>2-fold) between 10 and 22 dpa (irrespective of genotype), with 70% more highly expressed at 10 dpa, while 2,248 (6%) were differentially expressed between the genotypes (irrespective of stage). The most significant genes with differential DGE at 10 dpa included expansins and lipid transfer proteins (higher in Gb), while at 22 dpa tubulins, cellulose, and sucrose synthases showed higher expression in Gb. DGE was compared with expression data of 10 dpa-old fibers from Affymetrix microarrays. Among 543 contigs showing differential expression on both platforms, 74% were consistent in being either over-expressed in Gh (242 genes) or in Gb (161 genes). Furthermore, the unigene set served to identify 339 new SSRs and close to 21,000 inter-genotypic SNPs. Subsets of 88 SSRs and 48 SNPs were validated through mapping and added 65 new loci to a RIL genetic map. The new set of fiber ESTs and the gene-based markers complement existing available resources useful in basic and applied research for crop improvement in cotton.
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Jiang Y, Guo W, Zhu H, Ruan YL, Zhang T. Overexpression of GhSusA1 increases plant biomass and improves cotton fiber yield and quality. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2012; 10:301-12. [PMID: 22044435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2011.00662.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an important economic crop and the largest source of textile fiber in the world. However, to date, only a few genes have been identified that exhibit critical roles in fiber development, and few has shown positive effects on fiber yield and quality in transgenic cotton. Here, we report the characterization of a novel sucrose synthase (SusA1) gene from a superior quality fiber germplasm line 7235 in Gossypium hirsutum. By association analysis, GhSusA1 was highly correlated with fiber qualities in (7235× TM-1) recombinant inbred lines based on polymorphism of GhSusA1 between 7235 and TM-1. Subsequently, based on an interspecific population of 141 BC₁ individuals generated from the cross between TM-1 and Gossypium barbadense line, Hai7124, we further mapped GhSusA1 genes on homeologous chromosomes A8 (chro.8) and D8 (chro.24). Suppression of GhSusA1 in transgenic cotton reduced fiber quality and decreased the boll size and seed weight. Importantly, overexpression of this gene increased fiber length and strength, with the latter indicated by the enhanced thickening of cell wall during secondary wall formation stage. Moreover, increasing GhSusA1 transcript abundance in vegetative tissues led to elevated seedling biomass. Together, these findings identified GhSusA1 as a key regulator of sink strength in cotton, which is tightly associated with productivity, and hence a promising candidate gene that can be developed to increase cotton fiber yield and quality.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Wall/genetics
- Cell Wall/metabolism
- Cell Wall/physiology
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Plant/genetics
- Chromosomes, Plant/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cotton Fiber
- Crosses, Genetic
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Glucosyltransferases/genetics
- Glucosyltransferases/metabolism
- Gossypium/genetics
- Gossypium/metabolism
- Gossypium/physiology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology
- Seedlings/genetics
- Seedlings/metabolism
- Seedlings/physiology
- Seeds/metabolism
- Seeds/physiology
- Tetraploidy
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Rai V, Ghosh JS, Pal A, Dey N. Identification of genes involved in bamboo fiber development. Gene 2011; 478:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Spatiotemporal manipulation of auxin biosynthesis in cotton ovule epidermal cells enhances fiber yield and quality. Nat Biotechnol 2011; 29:453-8. [PMID: 21478877 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of conventional breeding to simultaneously improve the yield and quality of cotton fiber is limited. The accumulation of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in cotton fiber initials prompted us to investigate the effects of genetically engineering increased IAA levels in the ovule epidermis. Targeted expression of the IAA biosynthetic gene iaaM, driven by the promoter of the petunia MADS box gene Floral Binding protein 7 (FBP7), increased IAA levels in the epidermis of cotton ovules at the fiber initiation stage. This substantially increased the number of lint fibers, an effect that was confirmed in a 4-year field trial. The lint percentage of the transgenic cotton, an important component of fiber yield, was consistently higher in our transgenic plants than in nontransgenic controls, resulting in a >15% increase in lint yield. Fiber fineness was also notably improved.
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Xu Z, Yu JZ, Cho J, Yu J, Kohel RJ, Percy RG. Polyploidization altered gene functions in cotton (Gossypium spp.). PLoS One 2010; 5:e14351. [PMID: 21179551 PMCID: PMC3002935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an important crop plant that is widely grown to produce both natural textile fibers and cottonseed oil. Cotton fibers, the economically more important product of the cotton plant, are seed trichomes derived from individual cells of the epidermal layer of the seed coat. It has been known for a long time that large numbers of genes determine the development of cotton fiber, and more recently it has been determined that these genes are distributed across At and Dt subgenomes of tetraploid AD cottons. In the present study, the organization and evolution of the fiber development genes were investigated through the construction of an integrated genetic and physical map of fiber development genes whose functions have been verified and confirmed. A total of 535 cotton fiber development genes, including 103 fiber transcription factors, 259 fiber development genes, and 173 SSR-contained fiber ESTs, were analyzed at the subgenome level. A total of 499 fiber related contigs were selected and assembled. Together these contigs covered about 151 Mb in physical length, or about 6.7% of the tetraploid cotton genome. Among the 499 contigs, 397 were anchored onto individual chromosomes. Results from our studies on the distribution patterns of the fiber development genes and transcription factors between the At and Dt subgenomes showed that more transcription factors were from Dt subgenome than At, whereas more fiber development genes were from At subgenome than Dt. Combining our mapping results with previous reports that more fiber QTLs were mapped in Dt subgenome than At subgenome, the results suggested a new functional hypothesis for tetraploid cotton. After the merging of the two diploid Gossypium genomes, the At subgenome has provided most of the genes for fiber development, because it continues to function similar to its fiber producing diploid A genome ancestor. On the other hand, the Dt subgenome, with its non-fiber producing D genome ancestor, provides more transcription factors that regulate the expression of the fiber genes in the At subgenome. This hypothesis would explain previously published mapping results. At the same time, this integrated map of fiber development genes would provide a framework to clone individual full-length fiber genes, to elucidate the physiological mechanisms of the fiber differentiation, elongation, and maturation, and to systematically study the functional network of these genes that interact during the process of fiber development in the tetraploid cottons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyou Xu
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Z. Yu
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jaemin Cho
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jing Yu
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Russell J. Kohel
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard G. Percy
- Crop Germplasm Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Wang J, Wang HY, Zhao PM, Han LB, Jiao GL, Zheng YY, Huang SJ, Xia GX. Overexpression of a profilin (GhPFN2) promotes the progression of developmental phases in cotton fibers. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 51:1276-90. [PMID: 20558432 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcq086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber development at the stages of elongation and secondary wall synthesis determines the traits of fiber length and strength. To date, the mechanisms controlling the progression of these two phases remain elusive. In this work, the function of a fiber-preferential actin-binding protein (GhPFN2) was characterized by cytological and molecular studies on the fibers of transgenic green-colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) through three successive generations. Overexpression of GhPFN2 caused pre-terminated cell elongation, resulting in a marked decrease in the length of mature fibers. Cytoskeleton staining and quantitative assay revealed that thicker and more abundant F-actin bundles formed during the elongation stage in GhPFN2-overexpressing fibers. Accompanying this alteration, the developmental reorientation of transverse microtubules to the oblique direction was advanced by 2 d at the period of transition from elongation to secondary wall deposition. Birefringence and reverse transcription-PCR analyses showed that earlier onset of secondary wall synthesis occurred in parallel. These data demonstrate that formation of the higher actin structure plays a determinant role in the progression of developmental phases in cotton fibers, and that GhPFN2 acts as a critical modulator in this process. Such a function of the actin cytoskeleton in cell phase conversion may be common to other secondary wall-containing plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Ho MH, Saha S, Jenkins JN, Ma DP. Characterization and Promoter Analysis of a Cotton RING-Type Ubiquitin Ligase (E3) Gene. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 46:140-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-010-9280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Wang H, Guo Y, Lv F, Zhu H, Wu S, Jiang Y, Li F, Zhou B, Guo W, Zhang T. The essential role of GhPEL gene, encoding a pectate lyase, in cell wall loosening by depolymerization of the de-esterified pectin during fiber elongation in cotton. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 72:397-406. [PMID: 20131110 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber elongation, largely achieved by cell wall loosening, is an important stage during cotton fiber development. In this present research, a fiber preferential cDNA encoding a pectate lyase (PEL) which could exclusively degrade the de-esterified pectin was isolated from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber cDNA library. Subsequently, the corresponding PEL genes were isolated from four different cotton species and characterized. In vitro enzyme assays indicated that GhPEL really exhibited cleavage-activity against de-esterified pectin. The temporal-spatial expression analyses revealed that the GhPEL gene was preferentially expressed in fibers at 10 days-post anthesis (DPA). Antisense GhPEL transgenic cotton plants were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Six homozygous lines, each with one or two copies of the transgene inserted as determined by southern blot analysis of the NPTII gene, were selected for further functional analysis. The GhPEL expression during fiber elongation in these transgenic lines was significantly suppressed in various degrees. Furthermore, the reduction of GhPEL enzymatic activity by decreasing GhPEL transcripts severely affected the degradation of de-esterified pectin in primary cell walls of transgenic cotton fibers, which consequently blocked cell wall loosening in early fiber development. Ultimately, the fiber elongation of all these transgenic lines was repressed. These results suggested that GhPEL may play an important role in the process of normal fiber elongation in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, China
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Cloning and expression of two sterol C-24 methyltransferase genes from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsuturm L.). J Genet Genomics 2009; 35:357-63. [PMID: 18571124 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2007] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are an important class of plant steroidal hormones that are essential in a wide variety of physiological processes. Two kinds of intermediates, sitosterol and campesterol, play a crucial role in cell elongation, cellulose biosynthesis, and accumulation. To illuminate the effects of sitosterol and campesterol on the development of cotton (Gossypium hirsuturm L.) fibers through screening cotton fiber EST database and contigging the candidate ESTs, two key genes GhSMT2-1 and GhSMT2-2 controlling the sitosterol biosynthesis were cloned from developing fibers of upland cotton cv. Xuzhou 142. The full length of GhSMT2-1 was 1,151 bp, including an 8 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 1,086 bp open reading frame (ORF), and a 57 bp 3'-UTR. GhSMT2-1 gene encoded a polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 40 kDa. The full length of GhSMT2-2 was 1,166 bp, including an 18 bp 5'-UTR, a 1,086 bp ORF, and a 62 bp 3'-UTR. GhSMT2-2 gene encoded a polypeptide of 361 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 40 kDa. The two deduced amino acid sequences had high homology with the SMT2 from Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. Furthermore, the typical conserved structures characterized by the sterol C-24 methyltransferase, such as region I (LDVGCGVGGPMRAI), region II (IEATCHAP), and region III (YEWGWGQSFHF), were present in both deduced proteins. Southern blotting analysis indicated that GhSMT2-1 or GhSMT2-2 was a single copy in upland cotton genome. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that the highest expression levels of both genes were detected in 10 DPA (day post anthesis) fibers, while the lowest levels were observed in cotyledon and leaves. The expression level of GhSMT2-1 was 10 times higher than that of GhSMT2-2 in all the organs and tissues detected. These results indicate that the homologue of sterol C-24 methyltransferase gene was cloned from upland cotton and both GhSMT2 genes play a crucial role in fiber elongation. The role of GhSMT2-1 may be more important than that of GhSMT2-2.
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Li F, Wu S, Lü F, Chen T, Ju M, Wang H, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Guo W, Zhang T. Modified fiber qualities of the transgenic cotton expressing a silkworm fibroin gene. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-009-0142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wang HY, Wang J, Gao P, Jiao GL, Zhao PM, Li Y, Wang GL, Xia GX. Down-regulation of GhADF1 gene expression affects cotton fibre properties. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2009; 7:13-23. [PMID: 18761653 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fibre is the most important natural fibres for textile industry. To date, the mechanism that governs the development of fibre traits is largely unknown. In this study, we have characterized the function of a member of the actin depolymerizing factor (ADF) family in Gossypium hirsutum by down-regulation of the gene (designated as GhADF1) expression in the transgenic cotton plants. We observed that both the fibre length and strength of the GhADF1-underexpressing plants increased as compared to the wild-type fibre, and transgenic fibres contained more abundant F-actin filaments in the cortical region of the cells. Moreover, the secondary cell wall of the transgenic fibre appeared thicker and the cellulose content was higher than that of the control fibre. Our results suggest that organization of actin cytoskeleton regulated by actin-associated proteins such as GhADF1 plays a critical role in the processes of elongation and secondary cell wall formation during fibre development. Additionally, our study provided a candidate intrinsic gene for the improvement of fibre traits via genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Hou L, Liu H, Li J, Yang X, Xiao Y, Luo M, Song S, Yang G, Pei Y. SCFP, a novel fiber-specific promoter in cotton. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu D, Tu L, Wang L, Li Y, Zhu L, Zhang X. Characterization and expression of plasma and tonoplast membrane aquaporins in elongating cotton fibers. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:1385-94. [PMID: 18392624 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.) is a good model for studies of plant cell elongation and cell wall biogenesis. Aquaporins are ancient membrane channel proteins that facilitate the permeation of water across biological membranes. We studied GhPIP1-2, encoding plasma membrane intrinsic protein, and GhgammaTIP1, encoding tonoplast intrinsic protein, during cotton fiber development. The full-length cDNAs of GhPIP1-2 and GhgammaTIP1 were obtained through 5' RACE. The deduced amino acid sequences of GhPIP1-2 and GhgammaTIP1 share high sequence identity with aquaporins from diverse plant species. Phylogenetic analysis of GhPIP1-2 and GhgammaTIP1 with other plant aquaporins showed that GhPIP1-2 belongs to the PIP1 group of the PIP subfamily and GhgammaTIP1 belongs to the gammaTIP group of the TIP subfamily. GhPIP1-2 and GhgammaTIP1 contain three and two introns, respectively. Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated that GhPIP1-2 and GhgammaTIP1 have several copies and multiple homologous genes in allotetraploid cotton. Northern blot analysis with gene-specific probes and real-time PCR demonstrated that GhPIP1-2 and GhgammaTIP1 are predominantly expressed during cotton fiber elongation, with the highest expression levels at 5 days post-anthesis. Moreover, expression patterns of the two genes in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense are similar, whereas the expression levels in G. barbadense are much lower than that in G. hirsutum. The high and preferential expression of GhPIP1-2 and GhgammaTIP1 during fiber cell elongation suggests that they may play important roles in supporting the rapid influx of water into vacuoles during cotton fiber cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diqiu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
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Lee JJ, Woodward AW, Chen ZJ. Gene expression changes and early events in cotton fibre development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2007; 100:1391-401. [PMID: 17905721 PMCID: PMC2759220 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcm232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton is the dominant source of natural textile fibre and a significant oil crop. Cotton fibres, produced by certain species in the genus Gossypium, are seed trichomes derived from individual cells of the epidermal layer of the seed coat. Cotton fibre development is delineated into four distinct and overlapping developmental stages: fibre initiation, elongation, secondary wall biosynthesis and maturation. SCOPE Recent advances in gene expression studies are beginning to provide new insights into a better understanding of early events in cotton fibre development. Fibre cell development is a complex process involving many pathways, including various signal transduction and transcriptional regulation components. Several analyses using expressed sequence tags and microarray have identified transcripts that preferentially accumulate during fibre development. These studies, as well as complementation and overexpression experiments using cotton genes in arabidopsis and tobacco, indicate some similar molecular events between trichome development from the leaf epidermis and fibre development from the ovule epidermis. Specifically, MYB transcription factors regulate leaf trichome development in arabidopsis and may regulate seed trichome development in cotton. In addition, transcript profiling and ovule culture experiments both indicate that several phytohormones and other signalling pathways mediate cotton fibre development. Auxin and gibberellins promote early stages of fibre initiation; ethylene- and brassinosteroid-related genes are up-regulated during the fibre elongation phase; and genes associated with calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins are up-regulated in fibre initials. Additional genomic data, mutant and functional analyses, and genome mapping studies promise to reveal the critical factors mediating cotton fibre cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsuk J. Lee
- Sections of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
| | - Andrew W. Woodward
- Sections of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
| | - Z. Jeffrey Chen
- Sections of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology
- Integrative Biology
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, One University Station A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
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Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Enzyme Gene, GhDWF1, from Cotton (Gossypium hirsuturm L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(07)60176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Delaney SK, Orford SJ, Martin-Harris M, Timmis JN. The fiber specificity of the cotton FSltp4 gene promoter is regulated by an AT-rich promoter region and the AT-hook transcription factor GhAT1. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 48:1426-37. [PMID: 17715150 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcm111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-specific genes are expressed preferentially or exclusively in cotton (Gossypium spp.) fiber and are thought to have important functions in fiber development. The promoters of these genes are of interest because they control transcription in the fiber cell and may be used in the genetic manipulation of fiber quality. The promoter of a cotton lipid transfer protein gene, FSltp4, was isolated and shown to direct fiber-specific transcription of an abundant mRNA in cotton. In transgenic tobacco, this promoter was strongly active in leaf trichomes. Deletion analysis of the promoter identified an AT-rich 84 bp fiber specificity region (FSR) necessary for activity exclusively in the fiber cells. Cotton fiber proteins that bind the FSR were isolated using a yeast one-hybrid assay. One of these was a putative AT-hook transcription factor (GhAT1) containing two AT-hook motifs. GhAT1 was shown to be nuclear localized, and GhAT1 transcripts were found to be preferentially expressed in ovules and non-fiber tissues. Overexpression of GhAT1 strongly repressed the activity of the FSltp4 promoter in the trichomes of transgenic tobacco. These results suggest that GhAT1 assists in the specification of fiber cells by repressing FSltp4 in the non-fiber tissues of the cotton plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven K Delaney
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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Tu LL, Zhang XL, Liang SG, Liu DQ, Zhu LF, Zeng FC, Nie YC, Guo XP, Deng FL, Tan JF, Xu L. Genes expression analyses of sea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) during fiber development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:1309-20. [PMID: 17377794 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sea-island cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) is one of the most valuable cotton species due to its silkiness, luster, long staples, and high strength, but its fiber development mechanism has not been surveyed comprehensively. We constructed a normalized fiber cDNA library (from -2 to 25 dpa) of G. barbadense cv. Pima 3-79 (the genetic standard line) by saturation hybridization with genomic DNA. We screened Pima 3-79 fiber RNA from five developmental stages using a cDNA array including 9,126 plasmids randomly selected from the library, and we selected and sequenced 929 clones that had different signal intensities between any two stages. The 887 high-quality expressed sequence tags obtained were assembled into 645 consensus sequences (582 singletons and 63 contigs), of which 455 were assigned to functional categories using gene ontology. Almost 50% of binned genes belonged to metabolism functional categories. Based on subarray analysis of the 887 high-quality expressed sequence tags with 0-, 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-dpa RNA of Pima 3-79 fibers and a mixture of RNA of nonfiber tissues, seven types of expression profiles were elucidated. Furthermore our results showed that phytohormones may play an important role in the fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Lee YP, Yu GH, Seo YS, Han SE, Choi YO, Kim D, Mok IG, Kim WT, Sung SK. Microarray analysis of apple gene expression engaged in early fruit development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2007; 26:917-26. [PMID: 17294193 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate gene expressions mostly engaged in early development of apple fruit, we performed the identification of transcripts differentially expressed in young fruit by using microarrays spotted with 6,253 cDNAs collected from young and mature apple fruits of the cultivar Fuji (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji). A total of 3,484 cDNAs out of 6,253 were selected after quality control of microarray spots and analyzed for differential gene expression patterns between young fruit and other tissues (mature fruit, leaf and flower). Among them, 192 cDNAs displayed a signal value higher than twofold in young fruit compared with other tissues. Blast analysis of the 192 cDNA clones identified 88 non-redundant groups encoding proteins with known function and 50 non-redundant groups with unknown function. The putative protein products were classified into the following categories: photosynthesis (16.7%), protein synthesis (12.3%), cell proliferation and differentiation (10.9%), cell enlargement (5.8%), metabolism (8.0%), stress response (7.2%), others (2.9%), and unknown functions (32.2%). Furthermore, confirming the microarray data by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the wide range of transcripts differentially expressed in young fruit was expressed in other organs but not in the mature fruit. The data presented suggested that apple fruit development depends on the tight regulation of the expression of a number of genes, which are also expressed in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Pyo Lee
- Biotech Application Team, Dongbu Advanced Research Institute, Daejeon 305-708, South Korea
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Ma GJ, Zhang TZ, Guo WZ. Cloning and characterization of cotton GhBG gene encoding beta-glucosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 17:355-62. [PMID: 17343209 DOI: 10.1080/10425170600807454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Beta-1,4-glucosidase (BG, EC3.2.1.21), one of three cellulases, is a widespread family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides in both prokaryocytes and eukaryotes. Here, we report the isolation of a full-length cDNA encoding beta-1,4-glucosidase protein (designated as GhBG) and its putative function in the process of fiber development and in yeast. Through random sequencing of the cotton fiber cDNA library from 7235 germplasm line, with elite fiber quality in Gossypium hirsutum L. and utilizing the 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique, a 2133 bp cDNA clone encoding a cotton fiber specifically expressed protein (accession number: DQ103699) was isolated. GhBG was composed of a 1884 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 627 amino acid residues. This putative protein had an isoelectric point of 8.17, a calculated molecular weight of 68.78 KD and a signal peptide with 23 amino acid residues at the N-terminal. RT-PCR analysis indicated GhBG was specifically expressed in fiber cells and was highly abundant in 5-17 day post anthesis (DPA). It was not, however, expressed in root, hypocotyls or leaves. Southern blotting analysis showed there were two copies of GhBG in the upland cotton genome; most likely contained in sub-genome A and sub-genome D. GhBG was then integrated into a yeast expression vector, pREP-5N and electro-transformed into fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Q-01. The results demonstrated that GhBG led to a significant increase in cell length and width and a remarkable decrease of the length/width ratio. Compared to vector control transformants, cells were significantly larger and rounder and their growth velocity was also reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Cecchetti V, Altamura MM, Serino G, Pomponi M, Falasca G, Costantino P, Cardarelli M. ROX1, a gene induced by rolB, is involved in procambial cell proliferation and xylem differentiation in tobacco stamen. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 49:27-37. [PMID: 17233794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Agrobacterium rhizogenes oncogene rolB mimics the effects of auxin in that it increases the sensitivity of transformed cells to this hormone. Here we isolated a tobacco gene, ROX1, acting downstream of rolB. We show that plants with reduced levels of ROX1 mRNA, due to the expression of a 35S-driven ROX1-antisense construct, have flowers with stamens and pistils longer than normal because of an increased number of cells. Localized expression of rolB in anthers results in overexpression of ROX1 and reduced growth of stamens, due to a reduced number of cells. In addition, the longer stamens of antisense plants show a delayed xylem differentiation in the lateral bundles, primarily of the junction region between anther and filament, while the shorter stamens of ROX1-overexpressing plants show a precocious differentiation of xylem cells in the same tissues. Expression of ROX1 in stamens peaks at early stages of stamen growth, and ROX1 mRNA is localized mostly in anther procambial cells. The sequence of ROX1 shares a conserved element with a number of plant genes, including TED3, which is involved in xylem differentiation. These results point to a role of ROX1 in the balance between proliferation of procambial cells and xylem differentiation during stamen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Cecchetti
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Universita La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Liu D, Zhang X, Tu L, Zhu L, Guo X. Isolation by suppression-subtractive hybridization of genes preferentially expressed during early and late fiber development stages in cotton. Mol Biol 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893306050086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang SS, Cheung F, Lee JJ, Ha M, Wei NE, Sze SH, Stelly DM, Thaxton P, Triplett B, Town CD, Chen ZJ. Accumulation of genome-specific transcripts, transcription factors and phytohormonal regulators during early stages of fiber cell development in allotetraploid cotton. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 47:761-75. [PMID: 16889650 PMCID: PMC4367961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression during the early stages of fiber cell development and in allopolyploid crops is poorly understood. Here we report computational and expression analyses of 32 789 high-quality ESTs derived from Gossypium hirsutum L. Texas Marker-1 (TM-1) immature ovules (GH_TMO). The ESTs were assembled into 8540 unique sequences including 4036 tentative consensus sequences (TCs) and 4504 singletons, representing approximately 15% of the unique sequences in the cotton EST collection. Compared with approximately 178 000 existing ESTs derived from elongating fibers and non-fiber tissues, GH_TMO ESTs showed a significant increase in the percentage of genes encoding putative transcription factors such as MYB and WRKY and genes encoding predicted proteins involved in auxin, brassinosteroid (BR), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene signaling pathways. Cotton homologs related to MIXTA, MYB5, GL2 and eight genes in the auxin, BR, GA and ethylene pathways were induced during fiber cell initiation but repressed in the naked seed mutant (N1N1) that is impaired in fiber formation. The data agree with the known roles of MYB and WRKY transcription factors in Arabidopsis leaf trichome development and the well-documented phytohormonal effects on fiber cell development in immature cotton ovules cultured in vitro. Moreover, the phytohormonal pathway-related genes were induced prior to the activation of MYB-like genes, suggesting an important role of phytohormones in cell fate determination. Significantly, AA sub-genome ESTs of all functional classifications including cell-cycle control and transcription factor activity were selectively enriched in G. hirsutum L., an allotetraploid derived from polyploidization between AA and DD genome species, a result consistent with the production of long lint fibers in AA genome species. These results suggest general roles for genome-specific, phytohormonal and transcriptional gene regulation during the early stages of fiber cell development in cotton allopolyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Samuel Yang
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Foo Cheung
- The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA
| | - Jinsuk J. Lee
- Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Misook Ha
- Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Ning E. Wei
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Sing-Hoi Sze
- Department of Computer Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - David M. Stelly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Peggy Thaxton
- Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, Mississippi 38776, USA
| | - Barbara Triplett
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70179, USA
| | | | - Z. Jeffrey Chen
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Section of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Author for correspondence: Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712-0159, USA, Phone: 512-475-9327; Fax: 512-232-3432;
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Lee JJ, Hassan OSS, Gao W, Wei NE, Kohel RJ, Chen XY, Payton P, Sze SH, Stelly DM, Chen ZJ. Developmental and gene expression analyses of a cotton naked seed mutant. PLANTA 2006; 223:418-32. [PMID: 16254724 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-005-0098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fiber development is a fundamental biological phenomenon, yet the molecular basis of fiber cell initiation is poorly understood. We examined molecular and cellular events of fiber cell development in the naked seed mutant (N1N1) and its isogenic line of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Texas Marker-1, TM-1). The dominant mutation not only delayed the process of fiber cell formation and elongation but also reduced the total number of fiber cells, resulting in sparsely distributed short fibers. Gene expression changes in TM-1 and N1N1 mutant lines among four tissues were analyzed using spotted cotton oligo-gene microarrays. Using the Arabidopsis genes, we selected and designed approximately 1,334 70-mer oligos from a subset of cotton fiber ESTs. Statistical analysis of the microarray data indicates that the number of significantly differentially expressed genes was 856 in the leaves compared to the ovules (3 days post-anthesis, DPA), 632 in the petals relative to the ovules (3 DPA), and 91 in the ovules at 0 DPA compared to 3 DPA, all in TM-1. Moreover, 117 and 30 genes were expressed significantly different in the ovules at three and 0 DPA, respectively, between TM-1 and N1N1. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of 23 fiber-associated genes in seven tissues including ovules, fiber-bearing ovules, fibers, and non-fiber tissues in TM-1 and N1N1 indicates a mode of temporal regulation of the genes involved in transcriptional and translational regulation, signal transduction, and cell differentiation during early stages of fiber development. Suppression of the fiber-associated genes in the mutant may suggest that the N1N1 mutation disrupts temporal regulation of gene expression, leading to a defective process of fiber cell elongation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsuk J Lee
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences and Intercollegiate Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, MS 2474/Molecular Genetics, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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